Restart printer discovery after a network-plugin hot reload

restart_networking() rebuilds m_agent with a null printer agent, so the bare
m_agent->start_discovery() no-oped (NetworkAgent::start_discovery returns false when
m_printer_agent is null) and LAN discovery stayed dead until the user next changed a
preset. Call switch_printer_agent() instead - it installs the printer agent for the
active preset and then starts discovery, mirroring startup.

.github/workflows/build_orca.yml

@@ -222,9 +222,14 @@ jobs:
           security list-keychain -d user -s $KEYCHAIN_PATH
           security set-key-partition-list -S apple-tool:,apple:,codesign: -s -k $P12_PASSWORD $KEYCHAIN_PATH
           codesign --deep --force --verbose --options runtime --timestamp --entitlements ${{ github.workspace }}/scripts/disable_validation.entitlements --sign "$CERTIFICATE_ID" ${{ github.workspace }}/build/universal/OrcaSlicer/OrcaSlicer.app
+          # --deep is deprecated and signing/sealing can fail or skip files in
+          # non-standard layouts (python/bin, python/lib/**, tools/uv). Verify
+          # here so coverage gaps fail at CI time rather than at notarization.
+          codesign --verify --deep --strict --verbose=2 ${{ github.workspace }}/build/universal/OrcaSlicer/OrcaSlicer.app
           # Sign OrcaSlicer_profile_validator.app if it exists
           if [ -f "${{ github.workspace }}/build/universal/OrcaSlicer/OrcaSlicer_profile_validator.app/Contents/MacOS/OrcaSlicer_profile_validator" ]; then
             codesign --deep --force --verbose --options runtime --timestamp --entitlements ${{ github.workspace }}/scripts/disable_validation.entitlements --sign "$CERTIFICATE_ID" ${{ github.workspace }}/build/universal/OrcaSlicer/OrcaSlicer_profile_validator.app
+            codesign --verify --deep --strict --verbose=2 ${{ github.workspace }}/build/universal/OrcaSlicer/OrcaSlicer_profile_validator.app
           fi
           
           # Create main OrcaSlicer DMG without the profile validator helper

CMakeLists.txt

@@ -125,6 +125,131 @@ option(SLIC3R_PCH               "Use precompiled headers" 1)
 option(SLIC3R_MSVC_COMPILE_PARALLEL "Compile on Visual Studio in parallel" 1)
 option(SLIC3R_MSVC_PDB          "Generate PDB files on MSVC in Release mode" 1)
 option(SLIC3R_ASAN              "Enable ASan on Clang and GCC" 0)
+
+# Python stubgen module
+option(ORCA_BUILD_PYTHON_STUBGEN_MODULE "Build importable Python module for pybind11-stubgen" ON)
+set(ORCA_BUNDLED_UV_EXECUTABLE "" CACHE FILEPATH "Path to a uv executable to bundle for Python package installation. Leave empty to auto-download.")
+
+# Auto-download uv if not provided by the user.
+# uv is pinned: the executable ships inside the signed app, so the build must
+# be reproducible and the download verified. To upgrade, bump ORCA_UV_VERSION
+# and refresh every hash below from the release's .sha256 assets, e.g.:
+#   curl -sL https://github.com/astral-sh/uv/releases/download/<ver>/uv-<triple>.tar.gz.sha256
+set(ORCA_UV_VERSION "0.11.21")
+set(ORCA_UV_SHA256_aarch64-apple-darwin      "1f921d491ba5ffeea774eb04d6681ecee379101341cbb1500394993b541bf3f4")
+set(ORCA_UV_SHA256_x86_64-apple-darwin       "f3c8e5708a84b920c18b691214d54d2b0da6b984789caae95d47c95120cb7765")
+set(ORCA_UV_SHA256_aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu "88e800834007cc5efd4675f166eb2a51e7e3ad19876d85fa8805a6fb5c922397")
+set(ORCA_UV_SHA256_x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu  "8c88519b0ef0af9801fcdee419bbb12116bd9e6b18e162ae093c932d8b264050")
+set(ORCA_UV_SHA256_x86_64-pc-windows-msvc    "ace861f360c6de2babedc1607d0f454b6b09a820dbc8182dc15af927e4df9589")
+
+# Version-scoped cache dir so a version bump invalidates the cached binary.
+set(ORCA_UV_DOWNLOAD_DIR "${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/.uv/${ORCA_UV_VERSION}")
+set(ORCA_UV_BINARY "${ORCA_UV_DOWNLOAD_DIR}/uv")
+if(WIN32)
+    set(ORCA_UV_BINARY "${ORCA_UV_DOWNLOAD_DIR}/uv.exe")
+endif()
+
+# Older configures FORCE-cached the auto-downloaded path; any cache entry
+# under .uv/ is that legacy value -- clear it so auto-download re-resolves
+# (user-provided paths never live under .uv/).
+if(ORCA_BUNDLED_UV_EXECUTABLE MATCHES "/\\.uv/")
+    set(ORCA_BUNDLED_UV_EXECUTABLE "" CACHE FILEPATH "Path to the auto-downloaded uv executable" FORCE)
+endif()
+
+if(NOT ORCA_BUNDLED_UV_EXECUTABLE)
+    if(NOT EXISTS "${ORCA_UV_BINARY}")
+        # Select uv by TARGET arch. On macOS universal builds each leg sets a single
+        # CMAKE_OSX_ARCHITECTURES (and the x86_64 leg cross-builds on an arm64 runner),
+        # so prefer it over the host CMAKE_SYSTEM_PROCESSOR -- otherwise both legs fetch
+        # the same arch and the later universal lipo merge of tools/uv/uv fails.
+        set(_orca_uv_proc "${CMAKE_SYSTEM_PROCESSOR}")
+        if(APPLE AND CMAKE_OSX_ARCHITECTURES)
+            set(_orca_uv_proc "${CMAKE_OSX_ARCHITECTURES}")
+        endif()
+        # All release archives are tar.gz except the Windows zip.
+        set(ORCA_UV_EXT "tar.gz")
+        if(_orca_uv_proc MATCHES "x86_64|AMD64|amd64")
+            if(WIN32)
+                set(ORCA_UV_ARCH "x86_64-pc-windows-msvc")
+                set(ORCA_UV_EXT "zip")
+            elseif(APPLE)
+                set(ORCA_UV_ARCH "x86_64-apple-darwin")
+            else()
+                set(ORCA_UV_ARCH "x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu")
+            endif()
+        elseif(_orca_uv_proc MATCHES "aarch64|arm64|ARM64")
+            if(APPLE)
+                set(ORCA_UV_ARCH "aarch64-apple-darwin")
+            else()
+                set(ORCA_UV_ARCH "aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu")
+            endif()
+        else()
+            message(WARNING "Unsupported architecture for auto-downloading uv: ${_orca_uv_proc}")
+        endif()
+
+        if(ORCA_UV_ARCH)
+            set(ORCA_UV_URL "https://github.com/astral-sh/uv/releases/download/${ORCA_UV_VERSION}/uv-${ORCA_UV_ARCH}.${ORCA_UV_EXT}")
+            set(ORCA_UV_ARCHIVE "${ORCA_UV_DOWNLOAD_DIR}/uv-archive.${ORCA_UV_EXT}")
+            file(MAKE_DIRECTORY "${ORCA_UV_DOWNLOAD_DIR}")
+            message(STATUS "Downloading uv ${ORCA_UV_VERSION} from ${ORCA_UV_URL} ...")
+            file(DOWNLOAD "${ORCA_UV_URL}" "${ORCA_UV_ARCHIVE}" STATUS ORCA_UV_DL_STATUS TLS_VERIFY ON)
+            list(GET ORCA_UV_DL_STATUS 0 ORCA_UV_DL_CODE)
+            list(GET ORCA_UV_DL_STATUS 1 ORCA_UV_DL_MSG)
+            if(NOT ORCA_UV_DL_CODE EQUAL 0)
+                # Network failure keeps the historical graceful degradation (uv is
+                # optional at build time) -- but a hash mismatch below is fatal.
+                message(WARNING "Failed to download uv: ${ORCA_UV_DL_MSG}")
+                file(REMOVE "${ORCA_UV_ARCHIVE}")
+            else()
+                file(SHA256 "${ORCA_UV_ARCHIVE}" _orca_uv_actual_sha256)
+                if(NOT _orca_uv_actual_sha256 STREQUAL "${ORCA_UV_SHA256_${ORCA_UV_ARCH}}")
+                    file(REMOVE "${ORCA_UV_ARCHIVE}")
+                    message(FATAL_ERROR
+                        "uv archive checksum mismatch for ${ORCA_UV_ARCH} ${ORCA_UV_VERSION}:\n"
+                        "  expected ${ORCA_UV_SHA256_${ORCA_UV_ARCH}}\n"
+                        "  actual   ${_orca_uv_actual_sha256}\n"
+                        "Possible tampering or a stale pin; refusing to bundle.")
+                endif()
+                message(STATUS "Extracting uv ...")
+                file(ARCHIVE_EXTRACT INPUT "${ORCA_UV_ARCHIVE}" DESTINATION "${ORCA_UV_DOWNLOAD_DIR}")
+                file(REMOVE "${ORCA_UV_ARCHIVE}")
+                # Pinned archives have a fixed layout: the tarballs hold
+                # uv-<triple>/uv, the Windows zip holds uv.exe at the root
+                # (already at ORCA_UV_BINARY). A layout change implies a new
+                # archive, hence a hash bump -- and RENAME fails loudly.
+                if(NOT WIN32)
+                    file(RENAME "${ORCA_UV_DOWNLOAD_DIR}/uv-${ORCA_UV_ARCH}/uv" "${ORCA_UV_BINARY}")
+                    file(REMOVE_RECURSE "${ORCA_UV_DOWNLOAD_DIR}/uv-${ORCA_UV_ARCH}")
+                endif()
+            endif()
+        endif()
+    endif()
+
+    if(EXISTS "${ORCA_UV_BINARY}")
+        # Plain set (shadows the empty cache entry for this configure run):
+        # the version-scoped path re-derives every configure, so a version
+        # bump takes effect in warm build dirs without cache surgery.
+        set(ORCA_BUNDLED_UV_EXECUTABLE "${ORCA_UV_BINARY}")
+    endif()
+endif()
+
+# Resolve ORCA_BUNDLED_UV_EXECUTABLE -> ORCA_BUNDLED_UV_EXECUTABLE_CONFIG / ORCA_BUNDLED_UV_FILENAME
+# Must run before add_subdirectory(src) so target_compile_definitions sees it.
+if(ORCA_BUNDLED_UV_EXECUTABLE)
+    if(EXISTS "${ORCA_BUNDLED_UV_EXECUTABLE}")
+        file(TO_CMAKE_PATH "${ORCA_BUNDLED_UV_EXECUTABLE}" ORCA_BUNDLED_UV_EXECUTABLE_CONFIG)
+        get_filename_component(ORCA_BUNDLED_UV_FILENAME "${ORCA_BUNDLED_UV_EXECUTABLE}" NAME)
+    else()
+        message(WARNING "ORCA_BUNDLED_UV_EXECUTABLE does not exist: ${ORCA_BUNDLED_UV_EXECUTABLE}")
+        set(ORCA_BUNDLED_UV_EXECUTABLE "")
+        set(ORCA_BUNDLED_UV_EXECUTABLE_CONFIG "")
+        set(ORCA_BUNDLED_UV_FILENAME "")
+    endif()
+else()
+    set(ORCA_BUNDLED_UV_EXECUTABLE_CONFIG "")
+    set(ORCA_BUNDLED_UV_FILENAME "")
+endif()
+
 # If SLIC3R_FHS is 1 -> SLIC3R_DESKTOP_INTEGRATION is always 0, othrewise variable.
 CMAKE_DEPENDENT_OPTION(SLIC3R_DESKTOP_INTEGRATION "Allow performing desktop integration during runtime" 1 "NOT SLIC3R_FHS" 0)
 
@@ -750,6 +875,86 @@ endforeach()
 
 find_package(NLopt 1.4 REQUIRED)
 
+# Use bundled Python from deps instead of system Python
+set(_bundled_python_version "3.12.13")
+set(_bundled_python_abi "312")
+string(REGEX REPLACE "^([0-9]+\\.[0-9]+)\\..*$" "\\1" _bundled_python_version_short "${_bundled_python_version}")
+set(_bundled_python_root "${CMAKE_PREFIX_PATH}/libpython")
+set(Python3_ROOT_DIR "${_bundled_python_root}" CACHE PATH "Root directory for bundled Python" FORCE)
+set(Python3_USE_STATIC_LIBS OFF)
+set(Python3_FIND_STRATEGY LOCATION)
+set(Python3_FIND_IMPLEMENTATIONS CPython)
+
+if(WIN32)
+    set(_bundled_python_executable "${_bundled_python_root}/python.exe")
+    set(_bundled_python_library "${_bundled_python_root}/libs/python${_bundled_python_abi}.lib")
+    if(EXISTS "${_bundled_python_root}/python_d.exe")
+        set(_bundled_python_executable "${_bundled_python_root}/python_d.exe")
+    endif()
+    if(EXISTS "${_bundled_python_root}/libs/python${_bundled_python_abi}_d.lib")
+        set(_bundled_python_library "${_bundled_python_root}/libs/python${_bundled_python_abi}_d.lib")
+    endif()
+
+    set(Python3_FIND_REGISTRY NEVER)
+    set(Python3_EXECUTABLE "${_bundled_python_executable}" CACHE FILEPATH "Bundled Python executable" FORCE)
+    set(Python3_INCLUDE_DIR "${_bundled_python_root}/include" CACHE PATH "Bundled Python include directory" FORCE)
+    set(Python3_LIBRARY "${_bundled_python_library}" CACHE FILEPATH "Bundled Python embed import library" FORCE)
+elseif(APPLE)
+    set(Python3_FIND_FRAMEWORK NEVER)
+
+    find_program(_bundled_python_executable
+        NAMES python${_bundled_python_version_short} python3
+        PATHS "${_bundled_python_root}/bin"
+        NO_DEFAULT_PATH
+    )
+    find_path(_bundled_python_include_dir
+        NAMES Python.h
+        PATHS
+            "${_bundled_python_root}/include/python${_bundled_python_version_short}"
+            "${_bundled_python_root}/include"
+        NO_DEFAULT_PATH
+    )
+    find_library(_bundled_python_library
+        NAMES python${_bundled_python_version_short} libpython${_bundled_python_version_short}
+        PATHS "${_bundled_python_root}/lib"
+        NO_DEFAULT_PATH
+    )
+
+    if(NOT _bundled_python_executable)
+        message(FATAL_ERROR "Bundled Python executable not found under ${_bundled_python_root}/bin")
+    endif()
+    if(NOT _bundled_python_include_dir)
+        message(FATAL_ERROR "Bundled Python headers not found under ${_bundled_python_root}/include")
+    endif()
+    if(NOT _bundled_python_library)
+        message(FATAL_ERROR "Bundled Python library not found under ${_bundled_python_root}/lib")
+    endif()
+
+    set(Python3_EXECUTABLE "${_bundled_python_executable}" CACHE FILEPATH "Bundled Python executable" FORCE)
+    set(Python3_INCLUDE_DIR "${_bundled_python_include_dir}" CACHE PATH "Bundled Python include directory" FORCE)
+    set(Python3_LIBRARY "${_bundled_python_library}" CACHE FILEPATH "Bundled Python embed library" FORCE)
+endif()
+
+find_package(Python3 ${_bundled_python_version} EXACT REQUIRED
+    COMPONENTS Interpreter Development.Embed
+)
+
+# Provide a minimal pybind11::embed target sourced from deps_src/pybind11 headers.
+set(PYBIND11_SOURCE_DIR "${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/deps_src/pybind11")
+if(NOT EXISTS "${PYBIND11_SOURCE_DIR}/include/pybind11/pybind11.h")
+    message(FATAL_ERROR "pybind11 headers not found in ${PYBIND11_SOURCE_DIR}. Did you initialize submodules?")
+endif()
+
+add_library(pybind11_headers INTERFACE)
+target_include_directories(pybind11_headers INTERFACE "${PYBIND11_SOURCE_DIR}/include")
+add_library(pybind11::headers ALIAS pybind11_headers)
+add_library(pybind11::pybind11 ALIAS pybind11_headers)
+
+add_library(pybind11_embed INTERFACE)
+target_link_libraries(pybind11_embed INTERFACE pybind11_headers Python3::Python)
+target_compile_definitions(pybind11_embed INTERFACE PYBIND11_SIMPLE_GIL_MANAGEMENT)
+add_library(pybind11::embed ALIAS pybind11_embed)
+
 
 if(SLIC3R_STATIC)
     set(OPENVDB_USE_STATIC_LIBS ON)
@@ -899,10 +1104,12 @@ if (NOT WIN32 AND NOT APPLE)
     configure_file(${LIBDIR}/dev-utils/platform/unix/build_appimage.sh.in ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/build_appimage.sh USE_SOURCE_PERMISSIONS @ONLY)
 endif()
 
-
 # Resources install target, configure fhs.hpp on UNIX
 if (WIN32)
     install(DIRECTORY "${SLIC3R_RESOURCES_DIR}/" DESTINATION "./resources")
+    if(ORCA_BUNDLED_UV_EXECUTABLE)
+        install(PROGRAMS "${ORCA_BUNDLED_UV_EXECUTABLE}" DESTINATION "./resources/tools/uv" RENAME "${ORCA_BUNDLED_UV_FILENAME}")
+    endif()
     set(CMAKE_INSTALL_SYSTEM_RUNTIME_LIBS_SKIP TRUE)
     include(InstallRequiredSystemLibraries)
     install (PROGRAMS ${CMAKE_INSTALL_SYSTEM_RUNTIME_LIBS} DESTINATION ".")
@@ -912,6 +1119,9 @@ elseif (SLIC3R_FHS)
     install(DIRECTORY ${SLIC3R_RESOURCES_DIR}/ DESTINATION ${SLIC3R_FHS_RESOURCES}
         PATTERN "*/udev" EXCLUDE
     )
+    if(ORCA_BUNDLED_UV_EXECUTABLE)
+        install(PROGRAMS "${ORCA_BUNDLED_UV_EXECUTABLE}" DESTINATION "${SLIC3R_FHS_RESOURCES}/tools/uv" RENAME "${ORCA_BUNDLED_UV_FILENAME}")
+    endif()
     install(FILES src/dev-utils/platform/unix/com.orcaslicer.OrcaSlicer.desktop DESTINATION ${CMAKE_INSTALL_DATAROOTDIR}/applications)
     foreach(SIZE 32 128 192)
         install(FILES ${SLIC3R_RESOURCES_DIR}/images/OrcaSlicer_${SIZE}px.png
@@ -920,9 +1130,15 @@ elseif (SLIC3R_FHS)
     endforeach()
 elseif (CMAKE_MACOSX_BUNDLE)
     # install(DIRECTORY "${SLIC3R_RESOURCES_DIR}/" DESTINATION "${CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX}/OrcaSlicer.app/Contents/resources")
+    if(ORCA_BUNDLED_UV_EXECUTABLE)
+        install(PROGRAMS "${ORCA_BUNDLED_UV_EXECUTABLE}" DESTINATION "${CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX}/OrcaSlicer.app/Contents/Resources/tools/uv" RENAME "${ORCA_BUNDLED_UV_FILENAME}")
+    endif()
 else ()
     install(FILES src/dev-utils/platform/unix/com.orcaslicer.OrcaSlicer.desktop DESTINATION ${CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX}/resources/applications)
     install(DIRECTORY "${SLIC3R_RESOURCES_DIR}/" DESTINATION "${CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX}/resources")
+    if(ORCA_BUNDLED_UV_EXECUTABLE)
+        install(PROGRAMS "${ORCA_BUNDLED_UV_EXECUTABLE}" DESTINATION "${CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX}/resources/tools/uv" RENAME "${ORCA_BUNDLED_UV_FILENAME}")
+    endif()
 endif ()
 
 install(FILES ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/LICENSE.txt DESTINATION ".")

build_release_macos.sh

@@ -179,6 +179,45 @@ function pack_deps() {
     )
 }
 
+# --- Bundled Python runtime verification --------------------------------------
+# Relocation is handled at the source: deps/python3/python3.cmake stamps
+# libpython with an @rpath id and src/CMakeLists.txt gives the app a matching
+# rpath. This gate catches regressions that would otherwise only surface as
+# launch failures on end users' machines (the absolute deps path still exists
+# on the build host, so a plain run can pass while relocation is broken --
+# hence the otool checks). The x86_64 leg runs under Rosetta on arm64 hosts.
+function verify_python_runtime() {
+    local app="$1"
+    local pydir="$app/Contents/MacOS/python"
+    [ -d "$pydir" ] || return 0  # app doesn't bundle Python (e.g. profile validator)
+    # Version-agnostic interpreter name so a CPython version bump cannot
+    # silently skip the gate; if the dir exists the interpreter must too.
+    local pybin="$pydir/bin/python3"
+    if [ ! -x "$pybin" ]; then
+        echo "ERROR: bundled python/ present but no interpreter at $pybin" >&2
+        exit 1
+    fi
+    echo "  Verifying bundled Python runtime in $(basename "$app")..."
+    local bad
+    bad=$(otool -arch all -L "$pybin" "$app/Contents/MacOS/OrcaSlicer" | grep "libpython" | grep -v "@rpath/" || true)
+    if [ -n "$bad" ]; then
+        echo "ERROR: a bundled binary references libpython by absolute path (relocation regression):" >&2
+        echo "$bad" >&2
+        exit 1
+    fi
+    # otool -L shows load commands only; assert the consumer rpath separately.
+    # Its loss is masked on the build host by CMake's absolute build-tree rpath.
+    if ! otool -arch all -l "$app/Contents/MacOS/OrcaSlicer" | grep -q "path @executable_path/python/lib "; then
+        echo "ERROR: OrcaSlicer lacks the @executable_path/python/lib rpath (relocation regression)" >&2
+        exit 1
+    fi
+    if ! "$pybin" -c "import ssl"; then
+        echo "ERROR: bundled Python failed to start (libpython relocation broken," >&2
+        echo "       or missing Rosetta 2 for the x86_64 leg?)" >&2
+        exit 1
+    fi
+}
+
 function build_slicer() {
     # iterate over two architectures: x86_64 and arm64
     for _ARCH in x86_64 arm64; do
@@ -236,6 +275,8 @@ function build_slicer() {
             cp -R "$resources_path" ./OrcaSlicer.app/Contents/Resources
             # delete .DS_Store file
             find ./OrcaSlicer.app/ -name '.DS_Store' -delete
+
+            verify_python_runtime ./OrcaSlicer.app
             
             # Copy OrcaSlicer_profile_validator.app if it exists
             if [ -f "../src$BUILD_DIR_CONFIG_SUBDIR/OrcaSlicer_profile_validator.app/Contents/MacOS/OrcaSlicer_profile_validator" ]; then
@@ -244,6 +285,7 @@ function build_slicer() {
                 cp -pR "../src$BUILD_DIR_CONFIG_SUBDIR/OrcaSlicer_profile_validator.app" ./OrcaSlicer_profile_validator.app
                 # delete .DS_Store file
                 find ./OrcaSlicer_profile_validator.app/ -name '.DS_Store' -delete
+                verify_python_runtime ./OrcaSlicer_profile_validator.app
             fi
         )
 
@@ -299,6 +341,7 @@ function build_universal() {
     echo "Creating universal binaries for OrcaSlicer.app..."
     lipo_dir "$UNIVERSAL_APP" "$X86_64_APP"
     echo "Universal OrcaSlicer.app created at $UNIVERSAL_APP"
+    verify_python_runtime "$UNIVERSAL_APP"
 
     # Create universal binary for profile validator if it exists
     ARM64_VALIDATOR="$PROJECT_DIR/build/arm64/OrcaSlicer/OrcaSlicer_profile_validator.app"

deps/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -422,6 +422,7 @@ endif ()
 
 include(OCCT/OCCT.cmake)
 include(OpenCV/OpenCV.cmake)
+include(python3/python3.cmake)
 
 set(_dep_list
     dep_Boost
@@ -444,6 +445,7 @@ set(_dep_list
     ${ZLIB_PKG}
     ${EXPAT_PKG}
     dep_libnoise
+    dep_python3
     )
 
 if (MSVC)

deps/python3/python3.cmake

@@ -0,0 +1,269 @@
+
+include(ProcessorCount)
+ProcessorCount(NPROC)
+
+set(_python_version "3.12.13")
+string(REGEX REPLACE "^([0-9]+\\.[0-9]+)\\..*" "\\1" _python_version_short "${_python_version}")
+set(_python_url "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/${_python_version}/Python-${_python_version}.tar.xz")
+set(_python_sha256 "c08bc65a81971c1dd5783182826503369466c7e67374d1646519adf05207b684")
+
+if(WIN32)
+    if(MSVC_VERSION EQUAL 1800)
+        set(_python_platform_toolset v120)
+    elseif(MSVC_VERSION EQUAL 1900)
+        set(_python_platform_toolset v140)
+    elseif(MSVC_VERSION LESS 1920)
+        set(_python_platform_toolset v141)
+    elseif(MSVC_VERSION LESS 1930)
+        set(_python_platform_toolset v142)
+    elseif(MSVC_VERSION LESS 1950)
+        set(_python_platform_toolset v143)
+    elseif(MSVC_VERSION LESS 1960)
+        set(_python_platform_toolset v145)
+    else()
+        message(FATAL_ERROR "Unsupported MSVC version for CPython build: ${MSVC_VERSION}")
+    endif()
+
+    # 64-bit-hosted MSBuild selection (see the build-step comment below). Default
+    # to the amd64 host + x64 tools; only the native ARM64 build differs.
+    set(_python_msbuild_host amd64)
+    set(_python_tool_arch x64)
+    if(CMAKE_SYSTEM_PROCESSOR MATCHES "ARM64|aarch64")
+        set(_python_pcbuild_platform ARM64)
+        set(_python_layout_arch arm64)
+        set(_python_pcbuild_output_dir arm64)
+        set(_python_msbuild_host arm64)   # native ARM64 MSBuild already hosts arm64 tools
+        set(_python_tool_arch "")
+    elseif(CMAKE_SIZEOF_VOID_P EQUAL 8)
+        set(_python_pcbuild_platform x64)
+        set(_python_layout_arch amd64)
+        set(_python_pcbuild_output_dir amd64)
+    else()
+        set(_python_pcbuild_platform Win32)
+        set(_python_layout_arch win32)
+        set(_python_pcbuild_output_dir win32)
+    endif()
+
+    set(_python_pcbuild_config Release)
+    set(_python_layout_debug OFF)
+    if(DEFINED DEP_DEBUG AND DEP_DEBUG)
+        set(_python_pcbuild_config Debug)
+        set(_python_layout_debug ON)
+    endif()
+
+    # CPython's PCbuild needs a 64-bit-hosted toolchain: find_msbuild.bat picks the
+    # 32-bit Bin\MSBuild.exe, whose x86 cl.exe/link.exe run out of address space
+    # (fatal C1002 "out of heap space") building the LTCG-optimized pythoncore.
+    # That 32-bit MSBuild ignores PreferredToolArchitecture, so build.bat must be
+    # pointed at a 64-bit MSBuild via the MSBUILD env var. The native arm64 MSBuild
+    # then hosts arm64 tools on its own; the amd64 MSBuild still defaults to x86, so
+    # PreferredToolArchitecture pins it to x64. Scoped to this build step, so
+    # CPython's own sources stay untouched.
+    set(_python_env_args "GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES=<SOURCE_DIR>/..")
+    if(CMAKE_GENERATOR_INSTANCE)   # empty for non-VS generators (e.g. Ninja)
+        set(_python_msbuild "${CMAKE_GENERATOR_INSTANCE}/MSBuild/Current/Bin/${_python_msbuild_host}/MSBuild.exe")
+        if(EXISTS "${_python_msbuild}")
+            file(TO_NATIVE_PATH "${_python_msbuild}" _python_msbuild_native)
+            list(APPEND _python_env_args "MSBUILD=${_python_msbuild_native}")
+        else()
+            # Loud signal: a silent fall-through to the 32-bit MSBuild reintroduces C1002.
+            message(WARNING "Bundled Python: 64-bit MSBuild not found at '${_python_msbuild}'. "
+                "CPython will fall back to find_msbuild.bat's default (32-bit) MSBuild, which may "
+                "fail with C1002 (out of heap space) building the optimized pythoncore.")
+        endif()
+    endif()
+    if(_python_tool_arch)
+        list(APPEND _python_env_args "PreferredToolArchitecture=${_python_tool_arch}")
+    endif()
+
+    set(_conf_cmd
+        cmd /c "echo /p:PlatformToolset=${_python_platform_toolset}>PCbuild\\msbuild.rsp"
+    )
+    set(_build_cmd
+        ${CMAKE_COMMAND} -E env ${_python_env_args}
+        cmd /c PCbuild\\build.bat
+            -p ${_python_pcbuild_platform}
+            -c ${_python_pcbuild_config}
+            --no-tkinter
+    )
+    set(_install_cmd
+        ${CMAKE_COMMAND}
+            -DPYTHON_SOURCE_DIR=<SOURCE_DIR>
+            -DPYTHON_BUILD_DIR=<SOURCE_DIR>/PCbuild/${_python_pcbuild_output_dir}
+            -DPYTHON_DEST_DIR=${DESTDIR}/libpython
+            -DPYTHON_LAYOUT_ARCH=${_python_layout_arch}
+            -DPYTHON_DEBUG=${_python_layout_debug}
+            -P ${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR}/stage_windows.cmake
+    )
+elseif(APPLE)
+    # macOS configuration
+    if(CMAKE_OSX_ARCHITECTURES)
+        set(_python_target_arch "${CMAKE_OSX_ARCHITECTURES}")
+    else()
+        set(_python_target_arch "${CMAKE_SYSTEM_PROCESSOR}")
+    endif()
+
+    if(CMAKE_SYSTEM_PROCESSOR MATCHES "ARM64|arm64|aarch64")
+        set(_python_build_arch aarch64)
+        set(_python_build_arch_flag "arm64")
+    elseif(CMAKE_SYSTEM_PROCESSOR MATCHES "x86_64|AMD64|amd64")
+        set(_python_build_arch x86_64)
+        set(_python_build_arch_flag "x86_64")
+    else()
+        set(_python_build_arch "${CMAKE_SYSTEM_PROCESSOR}")
+        set(_python_build_arch_flag "${CMAKE_SYSTEM_PROCESSOR}")
+    endif()
+
+    if(_python_target_arch MATCHES "ARM64|arm64|aarch64")
+        set(_python_host_arch aarch64)
+        set(_python_arch_flag "arm64")
+    elseif(_python_target_arch MATCHES "x86_64|AMD64|amd64")
+        set(_python_host_arch x86_64)
+        set(_python_arch_flag "x86_64")
+    else()
+        message(FATAL_ERROR "Unsupported macOS Python target architecture: ${_python_target_arch}")
+    endif()
+
+    set(_python_arch_flags "-arch ${_python_arch_flag} -mmacosx-version-min=${CMAKE_OSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET}")
+    # No -rpath: all other deps are static, so libpython has no shared
+    # dependencies to find there. headerpad reserves load-command space for
+    # the post-install -add_rpath below.
+    set(_python_ldflags "${_python_arch_flags} -Wl,-headerpad_max_install_names")
+
+    if(IS_CROSS_COMPILE)
+        set(_python_build_tgt --build=${_python_build_arch}-apple-darwin --host=${_python_host_arch}-apple-darwin)
+        set(_python_build_arch_flags "-arch ${_python_build_arch_flag} -mmacosx-version-min=${CMAKE_OSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET}")
+        set(_python_build_ldflags "${_python_build_arch_flags} -Wl,-rpath,${DESTDIR}/lib")
+        set(_python_build_python_dir "<SOURCE_DIR>/build-python-host")
+        set(_python_build_python "${_python_build_python_dir}/python")
+        set(_conf_cmd
+            /bin/sh -c
+            "rm -rf '${_python_build_python_dir}' && \
+             mkdir -p '${_python_build_python_dir}' && \
+             cd '${_python_build_python_dir}' && \
+             env \
+               CC='${CMAKE_C_COMPILER}' \
+               CXX='${CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER}' \
+               CFLAGS='${_python_build_arch_flags}' \
+               CXXFLAGS='${_python_build_arch_flags}' \
+               LDFLAGS='${_python_build_ldflags}' \
+               MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET='${CMAKE_OSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET}' \
+               ../configure \
+                 --prefix='${_python_build_python_dir}/install' \
+                 --enable-shared \
+                 --without-static-libpython \
+                 --disable-test-modules \
+                 --build=${_python_build_arch}-apple-darwin && \
+             make -j${NPROC} python && \
+             cd '<SOURCE_DIR>' && \
+             env \
+               CC='${CMAKE_C_COMPILER}' \
+               CXX='${CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER}' \
+               CFLAGS='${_python_arch_flags}' \
+               CXXFLAGS='${_python_arch_flags}' \
+               LDFLAGS='${_python_ldflags}' \
+               MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET='${CMAKE_OSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET}' \
+               ./configure \
+                 --prefix='${DESTDIR}/libpython' \
+                 --enable-shared \
+                 --enable-optimizations \
+                 --without-static-libpython \
+                 --with-openssl='${DESTDIR}' \
+                 --disable-test-modules \
+                 ${_python_build_tgt} \
+                 --with-build-python='${_python_build_python}' \
+                 py_cv_module__tkinter=n/a"
+        )
+    else()
+        set(_python_build_tgt --build=${_python_host_arch}-apple-darwin)
+        set(_conf_cmd
+            env
+            "CC=${CMAKE_C_COMPILER}"
+            "CXX=${CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER}"
+            "CFLAGS=${_python_arch_flags}"
+            "CXXFLAGS=${_python_arch_flags}"
+            "LDFLAGS=${_python_ldflags}"
+            "MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET=${CMAKE_OSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET}"
+            ./configure
+            --prefix=${DESTDIR}/libpython
+            --enable-shared
+            --enable-optimizations
+            --without-static-libpython
+            --with-openssl=${DESTDIR}
+            --disable-test-modules
+            ${_python_build_tgt}
+            # Tcl/Tk 9.0 (e.g. from Homebrew) is incompatible with CPython 3.12's
+            # _tkinter; OrcaSlicer's embedded Python does not need tkinter anyway.
+            py_cv_module__tkinter=n/a
+        )
+    endif()
+    set(_build_cmd make -j${NPROC})
+
+    # CPython stamps libpython with an absolute install name ($prefix/lib/...),
+    # which every consumer inherits at link time and which only exists on the
+    # build host. Normalize once here, before anything links against the dep:
+    # give the dylib an @rpath id and teach the interpreter to find it relative
+    # to itself. Consumers then just need an rpath entry (src/CMakeLists.txt).
+    # install_name_tool invalidates code signatures, so re-sign ad-hoc; CI
+    # re-signs the whole bundle with the real identity later.
+    # ld collapses '//' in -install_name (but not in -rpath) strings, while
+    # ${DESTDIR} ends with a slash -- collapse slashes so -change matches the
+    # recorded install name.
+    string(REGEX REPLACE "/+" "/" _python_prefix "${DESTDIR}/libpython")
+    set(_python_dylib "${_python_prefix}/lib/libpython${_python_version_short}.dylib")
+    set(_python_bin "${_python_prefix}/bin/python${_python_version_short}")
+    set(_install_cmd make install
+        COMMAND install_name_tool -id "@rpath/libpython${_python_version_short}.dylib" "${_python_dylib}"
+        COMMAND install_name_tool -change "${_python_dylib}" "@rpath/libpython${_python_version_short}.dylib" "${_python_bin}"
+        COMMAND install_name_tool -add_rpath "@loader_path/../lib" "${_python_bin}"
+        COMMAND codesign --force --sign - "${_python_dylib}"
+        COMMAND codesign --force --sign - "${_python_bin}"
+    )
+else()
+    # Linux/Unix
+    # Kept verbatim, no slash normalization (unlike the macOS branch's
+    # collapsed copy): the LDFLAGS rpath below is recorded byte-for-byte in
+    # the ELF, and the OLD_RPATH handed to relocate_linux.cmake must match it
+    # exactly -- both derive from this one variable to make that structural.
+    set(_python_prefix "${DESTDIR}/libpython")
+    # The rpath points at libpython's real install dir, so the interpreter runs
+    # in-tree pre-relocation -- and, critically, it reserves enough RUNPATH
+    # bytes for the in-place $ORIGIN rewrite at install time (Flatpak's
+    # DESTDIR is the short /app) -- see relocate_linux.cmake.
+    set(_conf_cmd ./configure
+        --prefix=${_python_prefix}
+        --enable-shared
+        --enable-optimizations
+        --with-openssl=${DESTDIR}
+        --without-static-libpython
+        --disable-test-modules
+        # Tcl/Tk 9.0 is incompatible with CPython 3.12's _tkinter; not needed here.
+        py_cv_module__tkinter=n/a
+        LDFLAGS=-Wl,-rpath,${_python_prefix}/lib
+    )
+    set(_build_cmd make -j${NPROC})
+    set(_install_cmd make install
+        COMMAND ${CMAKE_COMMAND}
+            "-DPYTHON_BIN=${_python_prefix}/bin/python${_python_version_short}"
+            "-DOLD_RPATH=${_python_prefix}/lib"
+            -P "${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR}/relocate_linux.cmake"
+    )
+endif()
+
+ExternalProject_Add(dep_python3
+    URL "${_python_url}"
+    URL_HASH SHA256=${_python_sha256}
+    DOWNLOAD_DIR ${DEP_DOWNLOAD_DIR}/python3
+    BUILD_IN_SOURCE ON
+    CONFIGURE_COMMAND ${_conf_cmd}
+    BUILD_COMMAND ${_build_cmd}
+    INSTALL_COMMAND ${_install_cmd}
+)
+
+# Python depends on OpenSSL and ZLIB
+if(TARGET dep_OpenSSL)
+    add_dependencies(dep_python3 dep_OpenSSL)
+endif()
+if(TARGET dep_ZLIB)
+    add_dependencies(dep_python3 dep_ZLIB)
+endif()

deps/python3/relocate_linux.cmake

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+# Repoint the installed interpreter's RUNPATH from the absolute deps dir to a
+# self-relative entry so the bundled runtime is relocatable (the deps tree,
+# Flatpak /app/libpython, and AppImage $APPDIR/lib/python all keep bin/ and
+# lib/ as siblings). $ORIGIN is expanded by the dynamic loader; CMake leaves
+# it alone (only ${...} is expanded here). RPATH_CHANGE edits the ELF in
+# place, so the new entry must not be longer than the old one: the reserved
+# ${DESTDIR}/libpython/lib is at least 18 bytes even for the shortest
+# supported DESTDIR (Flatpak's /app), longer than the 14-byte $ORIGIN/../lib.
+# Invoked from python3.cmake with -DPYTHON_BIN=... -DOLD_RPATH=...
+file(RPATH_CHANGE FILE "${PYTHON_BIN}" OLD_RPATH "${OLD_RPATH}" NEW_RPATH "$ORIGIN/../lib")

deps/python3/stage_windows.cmake

@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.13)
+
+set(_python_abi "312")
+
+foreach(_var PYTHON_SOURCE_DIR PYTHON_BUILD_DIR PYTHON_DEST_DIR PYTHON_LAYOUT_ARCH)
+    if(NOT DEFINED ${_var} OR "${${_var}}" STREQUAL "")
+        message(FATAL_ERROR "${_var} is required")
+    endif()
+endforeach()
+
+set(_python_exe "${PYTHON_BUILD_DIR}/python.exe")
+if(PYTHON_DEBUG)
+    set(_python_exe "${PYTHON_BUILD_DIR}/python_d.exe")
+endif()
+
+if(NOT EXISTS "${_python_exe}")
+    message(FATAL_ERROR "Built Python executable not found: ${_python_exe}")
+endif()
+
+file(REMOVE_RECURSE "${PYTHON_DEST_DIR}")
+file(MAKE_DIRECTORY "${PYTHON_DEST_DIR}")
+
+# CPython's Windows layout helper reads LICENSE.txt from the build output.
+# Source archives ship this file as LICENSE, so provide the expected name.
+if(EXISTS "${PYTHON_SOURCE_DIR}/LICENSE" AND NOT EXISTS "${PYTHON_BUILD_DIR}/LICENSE.txt")
+    configure_file("${PYTHON_SOURCE_DIR}/LICENSE" "${PYTHON_BUILD_DIR}/LICENSE.txt" COPYONLY)
+endif()
+
+execute_process(
+    COMMAND
+        "${CMAKE_COMMAND}" -E env
+            "PYTHONHOME="
+            "PYTHONPATH=${PYTHON_SOURCE_DIR}/Lib"
+            "${_python_exe}"
+            "${PYTHON_SOURCE_DIR}/PC/layout"
+            --source "${PYTHON_SOURCE_DIR}"
+            --build "${PYTHON_BUILD_DIR}"
+            --arch "${PYTHON_LAYOUT_ARCH}"
+            --copy "${PYTHON_DEST_DIR}"
+            --include-dev
+    WORKING_DIRECTORY "${PYTHON_SOURCE_DIR}"
+    RESULT_VARIABLE _layout_result
+)
+
+if(NOT _layout_result EQUAL 0)
+    message(FATAL_ERROR "CPython Windows layout staging failed with exit code ${_layout_result}")
+endif()
+
+set(_required_files
+    "${PYTHON_DEST_DIR}/Lib/encodings/__init__.py"
+    "${PYTHON_DEST_DIR}/include/Python.h"
+)
+
+if(PYTHON_DEBUG)
+    list(APPEND _required_files
+        "${PYTHON_DEST_DIR}/python_d.exe"
+        "${PYTHON_DEST_DIR}/python${_python_abi}_d.dll"
+        "${PYTHON_DEST_DIR}/libs/python${_python_abi}_d.lib"
+    )
+else()
+    list(APPEND _required_files
+        "${PYTHON_DEST_DIR}/python.exe"
+        "${PYTHON_DEST_DIR}/python${_python_abi}.dll"
+        "${PYTHON_DEST_DIR}/libs/python${_python_abi}.lib"
+    )
+endif()
+
+foreach(_required_file IN LISTS _required_files)
+    if(NOT EXISTS "${_required_file}")
+        message(FATAL_ERROR "Staged Python file missing: ${_required_file}")
+    endif()
+endforeach()

deps_src/pybind11/LICENSE

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+Copyright (c) 2016 Wenzel Jakob <wenzel.jakob@epfl.ch>, All rights reserved.
+
+Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+
+1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this
+   list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+
+2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
+   this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
+   and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+
+3. Neither the name of the copyright holder nor the names of its contributors
+   may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
+   without specific prior written permission.
+
+THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND
+ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
+WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
+DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR
+SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER
+CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY,
+OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+Please also refer to the file .github/CONTRIBUTING.md, which clarifies licensing of
+external contributions to this project including patches, pull requests, etc.

deps_src/pybind11/README.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,216 @@
+.. figure:: https://github.com/pybind/pybind11/raw/master/docs/pybind11-logo.png
+   :alt: pybind11 logo
+
+**pybind11 (v3)  — Seamless interoperability between C++ and Python**
+
+|Latest Documentation Status| |Stable Documentation Status| |Gitter chat| |GitHub Discussions|
+
+|CI| |Build status| |SPEC 4 — Using and Creating Nightly Wheels|
+
+|Repology| |PyPI package| |Conda-forge| |Python Versions|
+
+`Setuptools example <https://github.com/pybind/python_example>`_
+• `Scikit-build example <https://github.com/pybind/scikit_build_example>`_
+• `CMake example <https://github.com/pybind/cmake_example>`_
+
+.. start
+
+
+**pybind11** is a lightweight header-only library that exposes C++ types
+in Python and vice versa, mainly to create Python bindings of existing
+C++ code. Its goals and syntax are similar to the excellent
+`Boost.Python <http://www.boost.org/doc/libs/1_58_0/libs/python/doc/>`_
+library by David Abrahams: to minimize boilerplate code in traditional
+extension modules by inferring type information using compile-time
+introspection.
+
+The main issue with Boost.Python—and the reason for creating such a
+similar project—is Boost. Boost is an enormously large and complex suite
+of utility libraries that works with almost every C++ compiler in
+existence. This compatibility has its cost: arcane template tricks and
+workarounds are necessary to support the oldest and buggiest of compiler
+specimens. Now that C++11-compatible compilers are widely available,
+this heavy machinery has become an excessively large and unnecessary
+dependency.
+
+Think of this library as a tiny self-contained version of Boost.Python
+with everything stripped away that isn't relevant for binding
+generation. Without comments, the core header files only require ~4K
+lines of code and depend on Python (CPython 3.8+, PyPy, or GraalPy) and the C++
+standard library. This compact implementation was possible thanks to some C++11
+language features (specifically: tuples, lambda functions and variadic
+templates). Since its creation, this library has grown beyond Boost.Python in
+many ways, leading to dramatically simpler binding code in many common
+situations.
+
+Tutorial and reference documentation is provided at
+`pybind11.readthedocs.io <https://pybind11.readthedocs.io/en/latest>`_.
+A PDF version of the manual is available
+`here <https://pybind11.readthedocs.io/_/downloads/en/latest/pdf/>`_.
+And the source code is always available at
+`github.com/pybind/pybind11 <https://github.com/pybind/pybind11>`_.
+
+
+Core features
+-------------
+
+
+pybind11 can map the following core C++ features to Python:
+
+- Functions accepting and returning custom data structures per value,
+  reference, or pointer
+- Instance methods and static methods
+- Overloaded functions
+- Instance attributes and static attributes
+- Arbitrary exception types
+- Enumerations
+- Callbacks
+- Iterators and ranges
+- Custom operators
+- Single and multiple inheritance
+- STL data structures
+- Smart pointers with reference counting like ``std::shared_ptr``
+- Internal references with correct reference counting
+- C++ classes with virtual (and pure virtual) methods can be extended
+  in Python
+- Integrated NumPy support (NumPy 2 requires pybind11 2.12+)
+
+Goodies
+-------
+
+In addition to the core functionality, pybind11 provides some extra
+goodies:
+
+- CPython 3.8+, PyPy3 7.3.17+, and GraalPy 24.1+ are supported with an
+  implementation-agnostic interface (see older versions for older CPython
+  and PyPy versions).
+
+- It is possible to bind C++11 lambda functions with captured
+  variables. The lambda capture data is stored inside the resulting
+  Python function object.
+
+- pybind11 uses C++11 move constructors and move assignment operators
+  whenever possible to efficiently transfer custom data types.
+
+- It's easy to expose the internal storage of custom data types through
+  Pythons' buffer protocols. This is handy e.g. for fast conversion
+  between C++ matrix classes like Eigen and NumPy without expensive
+  copy operations.
+
+- pybind11 can automatically vectorize functions so that they are
+  transparently applied to all entries of one or more NumPy array
+  arguments.
+
+- Python's slice-based access and assignment operations can be
+  supported with just a few lines of code.
+
+- Everything is contained in just a few header files; there is no need
+  to link against any additional libraries.
+
+- Binaries are generally smaller by a factor of at least 2 compared to
+  equivalent bindings generated by Boost.Python. A recent pybind11
+  conversion of PyRosetta, an enormous Boost.Python binding project,
+  `reported <https://graylab.jhu.edu/Sergey/2016.RosettaCon/PyRosetta-4.pdf>`_
+  a binary size reduction of **5.4x** and compile time reduction by
+  **5.8x**.
+
+- Function signatures are precomputed at compile time (using
+  ``constexpr``), leading to smaller binaries.
+
+- With little extra effort, C++ types can be pickled and unpickled
+  similar to regular Python objects.
+
+Supported compilers
+-------------------
+
+1. Clang/LLVM 3.3 or newer (for Apple Xcode's clang, this is 5.0.0 or
+   newer)
+2. GCC 4.8 or newer
+3. Microsoft Visual Studio 2022 or newer (2019 probably works, but was dropped in CI)
+4. Intel classic C++ compiler 18 or newer (ICC 20.2 tested in CI)
+5. Cygwin/GCC (previously tested on 2.5.1)
+6. NVCC (CUDA 11.0 tested in CI)
+7. NVIDIA PGI (20.9 tested in CI)
+
+Supported Platforms
+-------------------
+
+* Windows, Linux, macOS, and iOS
+* CPython 3.8+, Pyodide, PyPy, and GraalPy
+* C++11, C++14, C++17, C++20, and C++23
+
+About
+-----
+
+This project was created by `Wenzel
+Jakob <http://rgl.epfl.ch/people/wjakob>`_. Significant features and/or
+improvements to the code were contributed by
+Jonas Adler,
+Lori A. Burns,
+Sylvain Corlay,
+Eric Cousineau,
+Aaron Gokaslan,
+Ralf Grosse-Kunstleve,
+Trent Houliston,
+Axel Huebl,
+@hulucc,
+Yannick Jadoul,
+Sergey Lyskov,
+Johan Mabille,
+Tomasz Miąsko,
+Dean Moldovan,
+Ben Pritchard,
+Jason Rhinelander,
+Boris Schäling,
+Pim Schellart,
+Henry Schreiner,
+Ivan Smirnov,
+Dustin Spicuzza,
+Boris Staletic,
+Ethan Steinberg,
+Patrick Stewart,
+Ivor Wanders,
+and
+Xiaofei Wang.
+
+We thank Google for a generous financial contribution to the continuous
+integration infrastructure used by this project.
+
+
+Contributing
+~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+See the `contributing
+guide <https://github.com/pybind/pybind11/blob/master/.github/CONTRIBUTING.md>`_
+for information on building and contributing to pybind11.
+
+License
+~~~~~~~
+
+pybind11 is provided under a BSD-style license that can be found in the
+`LICENSE <https://github.com/pybind/pybind11/blob/master/LICENSE>`_
+file. By using, distributing, or contributing to this project, you agree
+to the terms and conditions of this license.
+
+.. |Latest Documentation Status| image:: https://readthedocs.org/projects/pybind11/badge?version=latest
+   :target: http://pybind11.readthedocs.org/en/latest
+.. |Stable Documentation Status| image:: https://img.shields.io/badge/docs-stable-blue.svg
+   :target: http://pybind11.readthedocs.org/en/stable
+.. |Gitter chat| image:: https://img.shields.io/gitter/room/gitterHQ/gitter.svg
+   :target: https://gitter.im/pybind/Lobby
+.. |CI| image:: https://github.com/pybind/pybind11/workflows/CI/badge.svg
+   :target: https://github.com/pybind/pybind11/actions
+.. |Build status| image:: https://ci.appveyor.com/api/projects/status/riaj54pn4h08xy40?svg=true
+   :target: https://ci.appveyor.com/project/wjakob/pybind11
+.. |PyPI package| image:: https://img.shields.io/pypi/v/pybind11.svg
+   :target: https://pypi.org/project/pybind11/
+.. |Conda-forge| image:: https://img.shields.io/conda/vn/conda-forge/pybind11.svg
+   :target: https://github.com/conda-forge/pybind11-feedstock
+.. |Repology| image:: https://repology.org/badge/latest-versions/python:pybind11.svg
+   :target: https://repology.org/project/python:pybind11/versions
+.. |Python Versions| image:: https://img.shields.io/pypi/pyversions/pybind11.svg
+   :target: https://pypi.org/project/pybind11/
+.. |GitHub Discussions| image:: https://img.shields.io/static/v1?label=Discussions&message=Ask&color=blue&logo=github
+   :target: https://github.com/pybind/pybind11/discussions
+.. |SPEC 4 — Using and Creating Nightly Wheels| image:: https://img.shields.io/badge/SPEC-4-green?labelColor=%23004811&color=%235CA038
+   :target: https://scientific-python.org/specs/spec-0004/

deps_src/pybind11/include/pybind11/attr.h

@@ -0,0 +1,722 @@
+/*
+    pybind11/attr.h: Infrastructure for processing custom
+    type and function attributes
+
+    Copyright (c) 2016 Wenzel Jakob <wenzel.jakob@epfl.ch>
+
+    All rights reserved. Use of this source code is governed by a
+    BSD-style license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+*/
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "detail/common.h"
+#include "cast.h"
+#include "trampoline_self_life_support.h"
+
+#include <functional>
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_BEGIN(PYBIND11_NAMESPACE)
+
+/// \addtogroup annotations
+/// @{
+
+/// Annotation for methods
+struct is_method {
+    handle class_;
+    explicit is_method(const handle &c) : class_(c) {}
+};
+
+/// Annotation for setters
+struct is_setter {};
+
+/// Annotation for operators
+struct is_operator {};
+
+/// Annotation for classes that cannot be subclassed
+struct is_final {};
+
+/// Annotation for parent scope
+struct scope {
+    handle value;
+    explicit scope(const handle &s) : value(s) {}
+};
+
+/// Annotation for documentation
+struct doc {
+    const char *value;
+    explicit doc(const char *value) : value(value) {}
+};
+
+/// Annotation for function names
+struct name {
+    const char *value;
+    explicit name(const char *value) : value(value) {}
+};
+
+/// Annotation indicating that a function is an overload associated with a given "sibling"
+struct sibling {
+    handle value;
+    explicit sibling(const handle &value) : value(value.ptr()) {}
+};
+
+/// Annotation indicating that a class derives from another given type
+template <typename T>
+struct base {
+
+    PYBIND11_DEPRECATED(
+        "base<T>() was deprecated in favor of specifying 'T' as a template argument to class_")
+    base() = default;
+};
+
+/// Keep patient alive while nurse lives
+template <size_t Nurse, size_t Patient>
+struct keep_alive {};
+
+/// Annotation indicating that a class is involved in a multiple inheritance relationship
+struct multiple_inheritance {};
+
+/// Annotation which enables dynamic attributes, i.e. adds `__dict__` to a class
+struct dynamic_attr {};
+
+/// Annotation which enables the buffer protocol for a type
+struct buffer_protocol {};
+
+/// Annotation which enables releasing the GIL before calling the C++ destructor of wrapped
+/// instances (pybind/pybind11#1446).
+struct release_gil_before_calling_cpp_dtor {};
+
+/// Annotation which requests that a special metaclass is created for a type
+struct metaclass {
+    handle value;
+
+    PYBIND11_DEPRECATED("py::metaclass() is no longer required. It's turned on by default now.")
+    metaclass() = default;
+
+    /// Override pybind11's default metaclass
+    explicit metaclass(handle value) : value(value) {}
+};
+
+/// Specifies a custom callback with signature `void (PyHeapTypeObject*)` that
+/// may be used to customize the Python type.
+///
+/// The callback is invoked immediately before `PyType_Ready`.
+///
+/// Note: This is an advanced interface, and uses of it may require changes to
+/// work with later versions of pybind11.  You may wish to consult the
+/// implementation of `make_new_python_type` in `detail/classes.h` to understand
+/// the context in which the callback will be run.
+struct custom_type_setup {
+    using callback = std::function<void(PyHeapTypeObject *heap_type)>;
+
+    explicit custom_type_setup(callback value) : value(std::move(value)) {}
+
+    callback value;
+};
+
+/// Annotation that marks a class as local to the module:
+struct module_local {
+    const bool value;
+    constexpr explicit module_local(bool v = true) : value(v) {}
+};
+
+/// Annotation to mark enums as an arithmetic type
+struct arithmetic {};
+
+/// Mark a function for addition at the beginning of the existing overload chain instead of the end
+struct prepend {};
+
+/** \rst
+    A call policy which places one or more guard variables (``Ts...``) around the function call.
+
+    For example, this definition:
+
+    .. code-block:: cpp
+
+        m.def("foo", foo, py::call_guard<T>());
+
+    is equivalent to the following pseudocode:
+
+    .. code-block:: cpp
+
+        m.def("foo", [](args...) {
+            T scope_guard;
+            return foo(args...); // forwarded arguments
+        });
+ \endrst */
+template <typename... Ts>
+struct call_guard;
+
+template <>
+struct call_guard<> {
+    using type = detail::void_type;
+};
+
+template <typename T>
+struct call_guard<T> {
+    static_assert(std::is_default_constructible<T>::value,
+                  "The guard type must be default constructible");
+
+    using type = T;
+};
+
+template <typename T, typename... Ts>
+struct call_guard<T, Ts...> {
+    struct type {
+        T guard{}; // Compose multiple guard types with left-to-right default-constructor order
+        typename call_guard<Ts...>::type next{};
+    };
+};
+
+/// @} annotations
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_BEGIN(detail)
+/* Forward declarations */
+enum op_id : int;
+enum op_type : int;
+struct undefined_t;
+template <op_id id, op_type ot, typename L = undefined_t, typename R = undefined_t>
+struct op_;
+void keep_alive_impl(size_t Nurse, size_t Patient, function_call &call, handle ret);
+
+/// Internal data structure which holds metadata about a keyword argument
+struct argument_record {
+    const char *name;  ///< Argument name
+    const char *descr; ///< Human-readable version of the argument value
+    handle value;      ///< Associated Python object
+    bool convert : 1;  ///< True if the argument is allowed to convert when loading
+    bool none : 1;     ///< True if None is allowed when loading
+
+    argument_record(const char *name, const char *descr, handle value, bool convert, bool none)
+        : name(name), descr(descr), value(value), convert(convert), none(none) {}
+};
+
+/// Internal data structure which holds metadata about a bound function (signature, overloads,
+/// etc.)
+#define PYBIND11_DETAIL_FUNCTION_RECORD_ABI_ID "v1" // PLEASE UPDATE if the struct is changed.
+struct function_record {
+    function_record()
+        : is_constructor(false), is_new_style_constructor(false), is_stateless(false),
+          is_operator(false), is_method(false), is_setter(false), has_args(false),
+          has_kwargs(false), prepend(false) {}
+
+    /// Function name
+    char *name = nullptr; /* why no C++ strings? They generate heavier code.. */
+
+    // User-specified documentation string
+    char *doc = nullptr;
+
+    /// Human-readable version of the function signature
+    char *signature = nullptr;
+
+    /// List of registered keyword arguments
+    std::vector<argument_record> args;
+
+    /// Pointer to lambda function which converts arguments and performs the actual call
+    handle (*impl)(function_call &) = nullptr;
+
+    /// Storage for the wrapped function pointer and captured data, if any
+    void *data[3] = {};
+
+    /// Pointer to custom destructor for 'data' (if needed)
+    void (*free_data)(function_record *ptr) = nullptr;
+
+    /// Return value policy associated with this function
+    return_value_policy policy = return_value_policy::automatic;
+
+    /// True if name == '__init__'
+    bool is_constructor : 1;
+
+    /// True if this is a new-style `__init__` defined in `detail/init.h`
+    bool is_new_style_constructor : 1;
+
+    /// True if this is a stateless function pointer
+    bool is_stateless : 1;
+
+    /// True if this is an operator (__add__), etc.
+    bool is_operator : 1;
+
+    /// True if this is a method
+    bool is_method : 1;
+
+    /// True if this is a setter
+    bool is_setter : 1;
+
+    /// True if the function has a '*args' argument
+    bool has_args : 1;
+
+    /// True if the function has a '**kwargs' argument
+    bool has_kwargs : 1;
+
+    /// True if this function is to be inserted at the beginning of the overload resolution chain
+    bool prepend : 1;
+
+    /// Number of arguments (including py::args and/or py::kwargs, if present)
+    std::uint16_t nargs;
+
+    /// Number of leading positional arguments, which are terminated by a py::args or py::kwargs
+    /// argument or by a py::kw_only annotation.
+    std::uint16_t nargs_pos = 0;
+
+    /// Number of leading arguments (counted in `nargs`) that are positional-only
+    std::uint16_t nargs_pos_only = 0;
+
+    /// Python method object
+    PyMethodDef *def = nullptr;
+
+    /// Python handle to the parent scope (a class or a module)
+    handle scope;
+
+    /// Python handle to the sibling function representing an overload chain
+    handle sibling;
+
+    /// Pointer to next overload
+    function_record *next = nullptr;
+};
+// The main purpose of this macro is to make it easy to pin-point the critically related code
+// sections.
+#define PYBIND11_ENSURE_PRECONDITION_FOR_FUNCTIONAL_H_PERFORMANCE_OPTIMIZATIONS(...)              \
+    static_assert(                                                                                \
+        __VA_ARGS__,                                                                              \
+        "Violation of precondition for pybind11/functional.h performance optimizations!")
+
+/// Special data structure which (temporarily) holds metadata about a bound class
+struct type_record {
+    PYBIND11_NOINLINE type_record()
+        : multiple_inheritance(false), dynamic_attr(false), buffer_protocol(false),
+          module_local(false), is_final(false), release_gil_before_calling_cpp_dtor(false) {}
+
+    /// Handle to the parent scope
+    handle scope;
+
+    /// Name of the class
+    const char *name = nullptr;
+
+    // Pointer to RTTI type_info data structure
+    const std::type_info *type = nullptr;
+
+    /// How large is the underlying C++ type?
+    size_t type_size = 0;
+
+    /// What is the alignment of the underlying C++ type?
+    size_t type_align = 0;
+
+    /// How large is the type's holder?
+    size_t holder_size = 0;
+
+    /// The global operator new can be overridden with a class-specific variant
+    void *(*operator_new)(size_t) = nullptr;
+
+    /// Function pointer to class_<..>::init_instance
+    void (*init_instance)(instance *, const void *) = nullptr;
+
+    /// Function pointer to class_<..>::dealloc
+    void (*dealloc)(detail::value_and_holder &) = nullptr;
+
+    /// Function pointer for casting alias class (aka trampoline) pointer to
+    /// trampoline_self_life_support pointer. Sidesteps cross-DSO RTTI issues
+    /// on platforms like macOS (see PR #5728 for details).
+    get_trampoline_self_life_support_fn get_trampoline_self_life_support
+        = [](void *) -> trampoline_self_life_support * { return nullptr; };
+
+    /// List of base classes of the newly created type
+    list bases;
+
+    /// Optional docstring
+    const char *doc = nullptr;
+
+    /// Custom metaclass (optional)
+    handle metaclass;
+
+    /// Custom type setup.
+    custom_type_setup::callback custom_type_setup_callback;
+
+    /// Multiple inheritance marker
+    bool multiple_inheritance : 1;
+
+    /// Does the class manage a __dict__?
+    bool dynamic_attr : 1;
+
+    /// Does the class implement the buffer protocol?
+    bool buffer_protocol : 1;
+
+    /// Is the class definition local to the module shared object?
+    bool module_local : 1;
+
+    /// Is the class inheritable from python classes?
+    bool is_final : 1;
+
+    /// Solves pybind/pybind11#1446
+    bool release_gil_before_calling_cpp_dtor : 1;
+
+    holder_enum_t holder_enum_v = holder_enum_t::undefined;
+
+    PYBIND11_NOINLINE void add_base(const std::type_info &base, void *(*caster)(void *) ) {
+        auto *base_info = detail::get_type_info(base, false);
+        if (!base_info) {
+            std::string tname(base.name());
+            detail::clean_type_id(tname);
+            pybind11_fail("generic_type: type \"" + std::string(name)
+                          + "\" referenced unknown base type \"" + tname + "\"");
+        }
+
+        // SMART_HOLDER_BAKEIN_FOLLOW_ON: Refine holder compatibility checks.
+        bool this_has_unique_ptr_holder = (holder_enum_v == holder_enum_t::std_unique_ptr);
+        bool base_has_unique_ptr_holder
+            = (base_info->holder_enum_v == holder_enum_t::std_unique_ptr);
+        if (this_has_unique_ptr_holder != base_has_unique_ptr_holder) {
+            std::string tname(base.name());
+            detail::clean_type_id(tname);
+            pybind11_fail("generic_type: type \"" + std::string(name) + "\" "
+                          + (this_has_unique_ptr_holder ? "does not have" : "has")
+                          + " a non-default holder type while its base \"" + tname + "\" "
+                          + (base_has_unique_ptr_holder ? "does not" : "does"));
+        }
+
+        bases.append((PyObject *) base_info->type);
+
+#ifdef PYBIND11_BACKWARD_COMPATIBILITY_TP_DICTOFFSET
+        dynamic_attr |= base_info->type->tp_dictoffset != 0;
+#else
+        dynamic_attr |= (base_info->type->tp_flags & Py_TPFLAGS_MANAGED_DICT) != 0;
+#endif
+
+        if (caster) {
+            base_info->implicit_casts.emplace_back(type, caster);
+        }
+    }
+};
+
+inline function_call::function_call(const function_record &f, handle p) : func(f), parent(p) {
+    args.reserve(f.nargs);
+    args_convert.reserve(f.nargs);
+}
+
+/// Tag for a new-style `__init__` defined in `detail/init.h`
+struct is_new_style_constructor {};
+
+/**
+ * Partial template specializations to process custom attributes provided to
+ * cpp_function_ and class_. These are either used to initialize the respective
+ * fields in the type_record and function_record data structures or executed at
+ * runtime to deal with custom call policies (e.g. keep_alive).
+ */
+template <typename T, typename SFINAE = void>
+struct process_attribute;
+
+template <typename T>
+struct process_attribute_default {
+    /// Default implementation: do nothing
+    static void init(const T &, function_record *) {}
+    static void init(const T &, type_record *) {}
+    static void precall(function_call &) {}
+    static void postcall(function_call &, handle) {}
+};
+
+/// Process an attribute specifying the function's name
+template <>
+struct process_attribute<name> : process_attribute_default<name> {
+    static void init(const name &n, function_record *r) { r->name = const_cast<char *>(n.value); }
+};
+
+/// Process an attribute specifying the function's docstring
+template <>
+struct process_attribute<doc> : process_attribute_default<doc> {
+    static void init(const doc &n, function_record *r) { r->doc = const_cast<char *>(n.value); }
+};
+
+/// Process an attribute specifying the function's docstring (provided as a C-style string)
+template <>
+struct process_attribute<const char *> : process_attribute_default<const char *> {
+    static void init(const char *d, function_record *r) { r->doc = const_cast<char *>(d); }
+    static void init(const char *d, type_record *r) { r->doc = d; }
+};
+template <>
+struct process_attribute<char *> : process_attribute<const char *> {};
+
+/// Process an attribute indicating the function's return value policy
+template <>
+struct process_attribute<return_value_policy> : process_attribute_default<return_value_policy> {
+    static void init(const return_value_policy &p, function_record *r) { r->policy = p; }
+};
+
+/// Process an attribute which indicates that this is an overloaded function associated with a
+/// given sibling
+template <>
+struct process_attribute<sibling> : process_attribute_default<sibling> {
+    static void init(const sibling &s, function_record *r) { r->sibling = s.value; }
+};
+
+/// Process an attribute which indicates that this function is a method
+template <>
+struct process_attribute<is_method> : process_attribute_default<is_method> {
+    static void init(const is_method &s, function_record *r) {
+        r->is_method = true;
+        r->scope = s.class_;
+    }
+};
+
+/// Process an attribute which indicates that this function is a setter
+template <>
+struct process_attribute<is_setter> : process_attribute_default<is_setter> {
+    static void init(const is_setter &, function_record *r) { r->is_setter = true; }
+};
+
+/// Process an attribute which indicates the parent scope of a method
+template <>
+struct process_attribute<scope> : process_attribute_default<scope> {
+    static void init(const scope &s, function_record *r) { r->scope = s.value; }
+};
+
+/// Process an attribute which indicates that this function is an operator
+template <>
+struct process_attribute<is_operator> : process_attribute_default<is_operator> {
+    static void init(const is_operator &, function_record *r) { r->is_operator = true; }
+};
+
+template <>
+struct process_attribute<is_new_style_constructor>
+    : process_attribute_default<is_new_style_constructor> {
+    static void init(const is_new_style_constructor &, function_record *r) {
+        r->is_new_style_constructor = true;
+    }
+};
+
+inline void check_kw_only_arg(const arg &a, function_record *r) {
+    if (r->args.size() > r->nargs_pos && (!a.name || a.name[0] == '\0')) {
+        pybind11_fail("arg(): cannot specify an unnamed argument after a kw_only() annotation or "
+                      "args() argument");
+    }
+}
+
+inline void append_self_arg_if_needed(function_record *r) {
+    if (r->is_method && r->args.empty()) {
+        r->args.emplace_back("self", nullptr, handle(), /*convert=*/true, /*none=*/false);
+    }
+}
+
+/// Process a keyword argument attribute (*without* a default value)
+template <>
+struct process_attribute<arg> : process_attribute_default<arg> {
+    static void init(const arg &a, function_record *r) {
+        append_self_arg_if_needed(r);
+        r->args.emplace_back(a.name, nullptr, handle(), !a.flag_noconvert, a.flag_none);
+
+        check_kw_only_arg(a, r);
+    }
+};
+
+/// Process a keyword argument attribute (*with* a default value)
+template <>
+struct process_attribute<arg_v> : process_attribute_default<arg_v> {
+    static void init(const arg_v &a, function_record *r) {
+        if (r->is_method && r->args.empty()) {
+            r->args.emplace_back(
+                "self", /*descr=*/nullptr, /*parent=*/handle(), /*convert=*/true, /*none=*/false);
+        }
+
+        if (!a.value) {
+#if defined(PYBIND11_DETAILED_ERROR_MESSAGES)
+            std::string descr("'");
+            if (a.name) {
+                descr += std::string(a.name) + ": ";
+            }
+            descr += a.type + "'";
+            if (r->is_method) {
+                if (r->name) {
+                    descr += " in method '" + (std::string) str(r->scope) + "."
+                             + (std::string) r->name + "'";
+                } else {
+                    descr += " in method of '" + (std::string) str(r->scope) + "'";
+                }
+            } else if (r->name) {
+                descr += " in function '" + (std::string) r->name + "'";
+            }
+            pybind11_fail("arg(): could not convert default argument " + descr
+                          + " into a Python object (type not registered yet?)");
+#else
+            pybind11_fail("arg(): could not convert default argument "
+                          "into a Python object (type not registered yet?). "
+                          "#define PYBIND11_DETAILED_ERROR_MESSAGES or compile in debug mode for "
+                          "more information.");
+#endif
+        }
+        r->args.emplace_back(a.name, a.descr, a.value.inc_ref(), !a.flag_noconvert, a.flag_none);
+
+        check_kw_only_arg(a, r);
+    }
+};
+
+/// Process a keyword-only-arguments-follow pseudo argument
+template <>
+struct process_attribute<kw_only> : process_attribute_default<kw_only> {
+    static void init(const kw_only &, function_record *r) {
+        append_self_arg_if_needed(r);
+        if (r->has_args && r->nargs_pos != static_cast<std::uint16_t>(r->args.size())) {
+            pybind11_fail("Mismatched args() and kw_only(): they must occur at the same relative "
+                          "argument location (or omit kw_only() entirely)");
+        }
+        r->nargs_pos = static_cast<std::uint16_t>(r->args.size());
+    }
+};
+
+/// Process a positional-only-argument maker
+template <>
+struct process_attribute<pos_only> : process_attribute_default<pos_only> {
+    static void init(const pos_only &, function_record *r) {
+        append_self_arg_if_needed(r);
+        r->nargs_pos_only = static_cast<std::uint16_t>(r->args.size());
+        if (r->nargs_pos_only > r->nargs_pos) {
+            pybind11_fail("pos_only(): cannot follow a py::args() argument");
+        }
+        // It also can't follow a kw_only, but a static_assert in pybind11.h checks that
+    }
+};
+
+/// Process a parent class attribute.  Single inheritance only (class_ itself already guarantees
+/// that)
+template <typename T>
+struct process_attribute<T, enable_if_t<is_pyobject<T>::value>>
+    : process_attribute_default<handle> {
+    static void init(const handle &h, type_record *r) { r->bases.append(h); }
+};
+
+/// Process a parent class attribute (deprecated, does not support multiple inheritance)
+template <typename T>
+struct process_attribute<base<T>> : process_attribute_default<base<T>> {
+    static void init(const base<T> &, type_record *r) { r->add_base(typeid(T), nullptr); }
+};
+
+/// Process a multiple inheritance attribute
+template <>
+struct process_attribute<multiple_inheritance> : process_attribute_default<multiple_inheritance> {
+    static void init(const multiple_inheritance &, type_record *r) {
+        r->multiple_inheritance = true;
+    }
+};
+
+template <>
+struct process_attribute<dynamic_attr> : process_attribute_default<dynamic_attr> {
+    static void init(const dynamic_attr &, type_record *r) { r->dynamic_attr = true; }
+};
+
+template <>
+struct process_attribute<custom_type_setup> {
+    static void init(const custom_type_setup &value, type_record *r) {
+        r->custom_type_setup_callback = value.value;
+    }
+};
+
+template <>
+struct process_attribute<is_final> : process_attribute_default<is_final> {
+    static void init(const is_final &, type_record *r) { r->is_final = true; }
+};
+
+template <>
+struct process_attribute<buffer_protocol> : process_attribute_default<buffer_protocol> {
+    static void init(const buffer_protocol &, type_record *r) { r->buffer_protocol = true; }
+};
+
+template <>
+struct process_attribute<metaclass> : process_attribute_default<metaclass> {
+    static void init(const metaclass &m, type_record *r) { r->metaclass = m.value; }
+};
+
+template <>
+struct process_attribute<module_local> : process_attribute_default<module_local> {
+    static void init(const module_local &l, type_record *r) { r->module_local = l.value; }
+};
+
+template <>
+struct process_attribute<release_gil_before_calling_cpp_dtor>
+    : process_attribute_default<release_gil_before_calling_cpp_dtor> {
+    static void init(const release_gil_before_calling_cpp_dtor &, type_record *r) {
+        r->release_gil_before_calling_cpp_dtor = true;
+    }
+};
+
+/// Process a 'prepend' attribute, putting this at the beginning of the overload chain
+template <>
+struct process_attribute<prepend> : process_attribute_default<prepend> {
+    static void init(const prepend &, function_record *r) { r->prepend = true; }
+};
+
+/// Process an 'arithmetic' attribute for enums (does nothing here)
+template <>
+struct process_attribute<arithmetic> : process_attribute_default<arithmetic> {};
+
+template <typename... Ts>
+struct process_attribute<call_guard<Ts...>> : process_attribute_default<call_guard<Ts...>> {};
+
+/**
+ * Process a keep_alive call policy -- invokes keep_alive_impl during the
+ * pre-call handler if both Nurse, Patient != 0 and use the post-call handler
+ * otherwise
+ */
+template <size_t Nurse, size_t Patient>
+struct process_attribute<keep_alive<Nurse, Patient>>
+    : public process_attribute_default<keep_alive<Nurse, Patient>> {
+    template <size_t N = Nurse, size_t P = Patient, enable_if_t<N != 0 && P != 0, int> = 0>
+    static void precall(function_call &call) {
+        keep_alive_impl(Nurse, Patient, call, handle());
+    }
+    template <size_t N = Nurse, size_t P = Patient, enable_if_t<N != 0 && P != 0, int> = 0>
+    static void postcall(function_call &, handle) {}
+    template <size_t N = Nurse, size_t P = Patient, enable_if_t<N == 0 || P == 0, int> = 0>
+    static void precall(function_call &) {}
+    template <size_t N = Nurse, size_t P = Patient, enable_if_t<N == 0 || P == 0, int> = 0>
+    static void postcall(function_call &call, handle ret) {
+        keep_alive_impl(Nurse, Patient, call, ret);
+    }
+};
+
+/// Recursively iterate over variadic template arguments
+template <typename... Args>
+struct process_attributes {
+    static void init(const Args &...args, function_record *r) {
+        PYBIND11_WORKAROUND_INCORRECT_MSVC_C4100(r);
+        PYBIND11_WORKAROUND_INCORRECT_GCC_UNUSED_BUT_SET_PARAMETER(r);
+        using expander = int[];
+        (void) expander{
+            0, ((void) process_attribute<typename std::decay<Args>::type>::init(args, r), 0)...};
+    }
+    static void init(const Args &...args, type_record *r) {
+        PYBIND11_WORKAROUND_INCORRECT_MSVC_C4100(r);
+        PYBIND11_WORKAROUND_INCORRECT_GCC_UNUSED_BUT_SET_PARAMETER(r);
+        using expander = int[];
+        (void) expander{0,
+                        (process_attribute<typename std::decay<Args>::type>::init(args, r), 0)...};
+    }
+    static void precall(function_call &call) {
+        PYBIND11_WORKAROUND_INCORRECT_MSVC_C4100(call);
+        using expander = int[];
+        (void) expander{0,
+                        (process_attribute<typename std::decay<Args>::type>::precall(call), 0)...};
+    }
+    static void postcall(function_call &call, handle fn_ret) {
+        PYBIND11_WORKAROUND_INCORRECT_MSVC_C4100(call, fn_ret);
+        PYBIND11_WORKAROUND_INCORRECT_GCC_UNUSED_BUT_SET_PARAMETER(fn_ret);
+        using expander = int[];
+        (void) expander{
+            0, (process_attribute<typename std::decay<Args>::type>::postcall(call, fn_ret), 0)...};
+    }
+};
+
+template <typename T>
+using is_call_guard = is_instantiation<call_guard, T>;
+
+/// Extract the ``type`` from the first `call_guard` in `Extras...` (or `void_type` if none found)
+template <typename... Extra>
+using extract_guard_t = typename exactly_one_t<is_call_guard, call_guard<>, Extra...>::type;
+
+/// Check the number of named arguments at compile time
+template <typename... Extra,
+          size_t named = constexpr_sum(std::is_base_of<arg, Extra>::value...),
+          size_t self = constexpr_sum(std::is_same<is_method, Extra>::value...)>
+constexpr bool expected_num_args(size_t nargs, bool has_args, bool has_kwargs) {
+    PYBIND11_WORKAROUND_INCORRECT_MSVC_C4100(nargs, has_args, has_kwargs);
+    return named == 0 || (self + named + size_t(has_args) + size_t(has_kwargs)) == nargs;
+}
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_END(detail)
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_END(PYBIND11_NAMESPACE)

deps_src/pybind11/include/pybind11/buffer_info.h

@@ -0,0 +1,208 @@
+/*
+    pybind11/buffer_info.h: Python buffer object interface
+
+    Copyright (c) 2016 Wenzel Jakob <wenzel.jakob@epfl.ch>
+
+    All rights reserved. Use of this source code is governed by a
+    BSD-style license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+*/
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "detail/common.h"
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_BEGIN(PYBIND11_NAMESPACE)
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_BEGIN(detail)
+
+// Default, C-style strides
+inline std::vector<ssize_t> c_strides(const std::vector<ssize_t> &shape, ssize_t itemsize) {
+    auto ndim = shape.size();
+    std::vector<ssize_t> strides(ndim, itemsize);
+    if (ndim > 0) {
+        for (size_t i = ndim - 1; i > 0; --i) {
+            strides[i - 1] = strides[i] * shape[i];
+        }
+    }
+    return strides;
+}
+
+// F-style strides; default when constructing an array_t with `ExtraFlags & f_style`
+inline std::vector<ssize_t> f_strides(const std::vector<ssize_t> &shape, ssize_t itemsize) {
+    auto ndim = shape.size();
+    std::vector<ssize_t> strides(ndim, itemsize);
+    for (size_t i = 1; i < ndim; ++i) {
+        strides[i] = strides[i - 1] * shape[i - 1];
+    }
+    return strides;
+}
+
+template <typename T, typename SFINAE = void>
+struct compare_buffer_info;
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_END(detail)
+
+/// Information record describing a Python buffer object
+struct buffer_info {
+    void *ptr = nullptr;          // Pointer to the underlying storage
+    ssize_t itemsize = 0;         // Size of individual items in bytes
+    ssize_t size = 0;             // Total number of entries
+    std::string format;           // For homogeneous buffers, this should be set to
+                                  // format_descriptor<T>::format()
+    ssize_t ndim = 0;             // Number of dimensions
+    std::vector<ssize_t> shape;   // Shape of the tensor (1 entry per dimension)
+    std::vector<ssize_t> strides; // Number of bytes between adjacent entries
+                                  // (for each per dimension)
+    bool readonly = false;        // flag to indicate if the underlying storage may be written to
+
+    buffer_info() = default;
+
+    buffer_info(void *ptr,
+                ssize_t itemsize,
+                const std::string &format,
+                ssize_t ndim,
+                detail::any_container<ssize_t> shape_in,
+                detail::any_container<ssize_t> strides_in,
+                bool readonly = false)
+        : ptr(ptr), itemsize(itemsize), size(1), format(format), ndim(ndim),
+          shape(std::move(shape_in)), strides(std::move(strides_in)), readonly(readonly) {
+        if (ndim != (ssize_t) shape.size() || ndim != (ssize_t) strides.size()) {
+            pybind11_fail("buffer_info: ndim doesn't match shape and/or strides length");
+        }
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < (size_t) ndim; ++i) {
+            size *= shape[i];
+        }
+    }
+
+    template <typename T>
+    buffer_info(T *ptr,
+                detail::any_container<ssize_t> shape_in,
+                detail::any_container<ssize_t> strides_in,
+                bool readonly = false)
+        : buffer_info(private_ctr_tag(),
+                      ptr,
+                      sizeof(T),
+                      format_descriptor<T>::format(),
+                      static_cast<ssize_t>(shape_in->size()),
+                      std::move(shape_in),
+                      std::move(strides_in),
+                      readonly) {}
+
+    buffer_info(void *ptr,
+                ssize_t itemsize,
+                const std::string &format,
+                ssize_t size,
+                bool readonly = false)
+        : buffer_info(ptr, itemsize, format, 1, {size}, {itemsize}, readonly) {}
+
+    template <typename T>
+    buffer_info(T *ptr, ssize_t size, bool readonly = false)
+        : buffer_info(ptr, sizeof(T), format_descriptor<T>::format(), size, readonly) {}
+
+    template <typename T>
+    buffer_info(const T *ptr, ssize_t size, bool readonly = true)
+        : buffer_info(
+              const_cast<T *>(ptr), sizeof(T), format_descriptor<T>::format(), size, readonly) {}
+
+    explicit buffer_info(Py_buffer *view, bool ownview = true)
+        : buffer_info(
+              view->buf,
+              view->itemsize,
+              view->format,
+              view->ndim,
+              {view->shape, view->shape + view->ndim},
+              /* Though buffer::request() requests PyBUF_STRIDES, ctypes objects
+               * ignore this flag and return a view with NULL strides.
+               * When strides are NULL, build them manually.  */
+              view->strides
+                  ? std::vector<ssize_t>(view->strides, view->strides + view->ndim)
+                  : detail::c_strides({view->shape, view->shape + view->ndim}, view->itemsize),
+              (view->readonly != 0)) {
+        // NOLINTNEXTLINE(cppcoreguidelines-prefer-member-initializer)
+        this->m_view = view;
+        // NOLINTNEXTLINE(cppcoreguidelines-prefer-member-initializer)
+        this->ownview = ownview;
+    }
+
+    buffer_info(const buffer_info &) = delete;
+    buffer_info &operator=(const buffer_info &) = delete;
+
+    buffer_info(buffer_info &&other) noexcept { (*this) = std::move(other); }
+
+    buffer_info &operator=(buffer_info &&rhs) noexcept {
+        ptr = rhs.ptr;
+        itemsize = rhs.itemsize;
+        size = rhs.size;
+        format = std::move(rhs.format);
+        ndim = rhs.ndim;
+        shape = std::move(rhs.shape);
+        strides = std::move(rhs.strides);
+        std::swap(m_view, rhs.m_view);
+        std::swap(ownview, rhs.ownview);
+        readonly = rhs.readonly;
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    ~buffer_info() {
+        if (m_view && ownview) {
+            PyBuffer_Release(m_view);
+            delete m_view;
+        }
+    }
+
+    Py_buffer *view() const { return m_view; }
+    Py_buffer *&view() { return m_view; }
+
+    /* True if the buffer item type is equivalent to `T`. */
+    // To define "equivalent" by example:
+    // `buffer_info::item_type_is_equivalent_to<int>(b)` and
+    // `buffer_info::item_type_is_equivalent_to<long>(b)` may both be true
+    // on some platforms, but `int` and `unsigned` will never be equivalent.
+    // For the ground truth, please inspect `detail::compare_buffer_info<>`.
+    template <typename T>
+    bool item_type_is_equivalent_to() const {
+        return detail::compare_buffer_info<T>::compare(*this);
+    }
+
+private:
+    struct private_ctr_tag {};
+
+    buffer_info(private_ctr_tag,
+                void *ptr,
+                ssize_t itemsize,
+                const std::string &format,
+                ssize_t ndim,
+                detail::any_container<ssize_t> &&shape_in,
+                detail::any_container<ssize_t> &&strides_in,
+                bool readonly)
+        : buffer_info(
+              ptr, itemsize, format, ndim, std::move(shape_in), std::move(strides_in), readonly) {}
+
+    Py_buffer *m_view = nullptr;
+    bool ownview = false;
+};
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_BEGIN(detail)
+
+template <typename T, typename SFINAE>
+struct compare_buffer_info {
+    static bool compare(const buffer_info &b) {
+        // NOLINTNEXTLINE(bugprone-sizeof-expression) Needed for `PyObject *`
+        return b.format == format_descriptor<T>::format() && b.itemsize == (ssize_t) sizeof(T);
+    }
+};
+
+template <typename T>
+struct compare_buffer_info<T, detail::enable_if_t<std::is_integral<T>::value>> {
+    static bool compare(const buffer_info &b) {
+        return (size_t) b.itemsize == sizeof(T)
+               && (b.format == format_descriptor<T>::value
+                   || ((sizeof(T) == sizeof(long))
+                       && b.format == (std::is_unsigned<T>::value ? "L" : "l"))
+                   || ((sizeof(T) == sizeof(size_t))
+                       && b.format == (std::is_unsigned<T>::value ? "N" : "n")));
+    }
+};
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_END(detail)
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_END(PYBIND11_NAMESPACE)

deps_src/pybind11/include/pybind11/chrono.h

@@ -0,0 +1,228 @@
+/*
+    pybind11/chrono.h: Transparent conversion between std::chrono and python's datetime
+
+    Copyright (c) 2016 Trent Houliston <trent@houliston.me> and
+                       Wenzel Jakob <wenzel.jakob@epfl.ch>
+
+    All rights reserved. Use of this source code is governed by a
+    BSD-style license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+*/
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "pybind11.h"
+
+#include <chrono>
+#include <cmath>
+#include <ctime>
+#include <datetime.h>
+#include <mutex>
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_BEGIN(PYBIND11_NAMESPACE)
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_BEGIN(detail)
+
+template <typename type>
+class duration_caster {
+public:
+    using rep = typename type::rep;
+    using period = typename type::period;
+
+    // signed 25 bits required by the standard.
+    using days = std::chrono::duration<int_least32_t, std::ratio<86400>>;
+
+    bool load(handle src, bool) {
+        using namespace std::chrono;
+
+        // Lazy initialise the PyDateTime import
+        if (!PyDateTimeAPI) {
+            PyDateTime_IMPORT;
+        }
+
+        if (!src) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        // If invoked with datetime.delta object
+        if (PyDelta_Check(src.ptr())) {
+            value = type(duration_cast<duration<rep, period>>(
+                days(PyDateTime_DELTA_GET_DAYS(src.ptr()))
+                + seconds(PyDateTime_DELTA_GET_SECONDS(src.ptr()))
+                + microseconds(PyDateTime_DELTA_GET_MICROSECONDS(src.ptr()))));
+            return true;
+        }
+        // If invoked with a float we assume it is seconds and convert
+        if (PyFloat_Check(src.ptr())) {
+            value = type(duration_cast<duration<rep, period>>(
+                duration<double>(PyFloat_AsDouble(src.ptr()))));
+            return true;
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    // If this is a duration just return it back
+    static const std::chrono::duration<rep, period> &
+    get_duration(const std::chrono::duration<rep, period> &src) {
+        return src;
+    }
+    static const std::chrono::duration<rep, period> &
+    get_duration(const std::chrono::duration<rep, period> &&)
+        = delete;
+
+    // If this is a time_point get the time_since_epoch
+    template <typename Clock>
+    static std::chrono::duration<rep, period>
+    get_duration(const std::chrono::time_point<Clock, std::chrono::duration<rep, period>> &src) {
+        return src.time_since_epoch();
+    }
+
+    static handle cast(const type &src, return_value_policy /* policy */, handle /* parent */) {
+        using namespace std::chrono;
+
+        // Use overloaded function to get our duration from our source
+        // Works out if it is a duration or time_point and get the duration
+        auto d = get_duration(src);
+
+        // Lazy initialise the PyDateTime import
+        if (!PyDateTimeAPI) {
+            PyDateTime_IMPORT;
+        }
+
+        // Declare these special duration types so the conversions happen with the correct
+        // primitive types (int)
+        using dd_t = duration<int, std::ratio<86400>>;
+        using ss_t = duration<int, std::ratio<1>>;
+        using us_t = duration<int, std::micro>;
+
+        auto dd = duration_cast<dd_t>(d);
+        auto subd = d - dd;
+        auto ss = duration_cast<ss_t>(subd);
+        auto us = duration_cast<us_t>(subd - ss);
+        return PyDelta_FromDSU(dd.count(), ss.count(), us.count());
+    }
+
+    PYBIND11_TYPE_CASTER(type, const_name("datetime.timedelta"));
+};
+
+inline std::tm *localtime_thread_safe(const std::time_t *time, std::tm *buf) {
+#if (defined(__STDC_LIB_EXT1__) && defined(__STDC_WANT_LIB_EXT1__)) || defined(_MSC_VER)
+    if (localtime_s(buf, time))
+        return nullptr;
+    return buf;
+#else
+    static std::mutex mtx;
+    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mtx);
+    std::tm *tm_ptr = std::localtime(time);
+    if (tm_ptr != nullptr) {
+        *buf = *tm_ptr;
+    }
+    return tm_ptr;
+#endif
+}
+
+// This is for casting times on the system clock into datetime.datetime instances
+template <typename Duration>
+class type_caster<std::chrono::time_point<std::chrono::system_clock, Duration>> {
+public:
+    using type = std::chrono::time_point<std::chrono::system_clock, Duration>;
+    bool load(handle src, bool) {
+        using namespace std::chrono;
+
+        // Lazy initialise the PyDateTime import
+        if (!PyDateTimeAPI) {
+            PyDateTime_IMPORT;
+        }
+
+        if (!src) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        std::tm cal;
+        microseconds msecs;
+
+        if (PyDateTime_Check(src.ptr())) {
+            cal.tm_sec = PyDateTime_DATE_GET_SECOND(src.ptr());
+            cal.tm_min = PyDateTime_DATE_GET_MINUTE(src.ptr());
+            cal.tm_hour = PyDateTime_DATE_GET_HOUR(src.ptr());
+            cal.tm_mday = PyDateTime_GET_DAY(src.ptr());
+            cal.tm_mon = PyDateTime_GET_MONTH(src.ptr()) - 1;
+            cal.tm_year = PyDateTime_GET_YEAR(src.ptr()) - 1900;
+            cal.tm_isdst = -1;
+            msecs = microseconds(PyDateTime_DATE_GET_MICROSECOND(src.ptr()));
+        } else if (PyDate_Check(src.ptr())) {
+            cal.tm_sec = 0;
+            cal.tm_min = 0;
+            cal.tm_hour = 0;
+            cal.tm_mday = PyDateTime_GET_DAY(src.ptr());
+            cal.tm_mon = PyDateTime_GET_MONTH(src.ptr()) - 1;
+            cal.tm_year = PyDateTime_GET_YEAR(src.ptr()) - 1900;
+            cal.tm_isdst = -1;
+            msecs = microseconds(0);
+        } else if (PyTime_Check(src.ptr())) {
+            cal.tm_sec = PyDateTime_TIME_GET_SECOND(src.ptr());
+            cal.tm_min = PyDateTime_TIME_GET_MINUTE(src.ptr());
+            cal.tm_hour = PyDateTime_TIME_GET_HOUR(src.ptr());
+            cal.tm_mday = 1;  // This date (day, month, year) = (1, 0, 70)
+            cal.tm_mon = 0;   // represents 1-Jan-1970, which is the first
+            cal.tm_year = 70; // earliest available date for Python's datetime
+            cal.tm_isdst = -1;
+            msecs = microseconds(PyDateTime_TIME_GET_MICROSECOND(src.ptr()));
+        } else {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        value = time_point_cast<Duration>(system_clock::from_time_t(std::mktime(&cal)) + msecs);
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    static handle cast(const std::chrono::time_point<std::chrono::system_clock, Duration> &src,
+                       return_value_policy /* policy */,
+                       handle /* parent */) {
+        using namespace std::chrono;
+
+        // Lazy initialise the PyDateTime import
+        if (!PyDateTimeAPI) {
+            PyDateTime_IMPORT;
+        }
+
+        // Get out microseconds, and make sure they are positive, to avoid bug in eastern
+        // hemisphere time zones (cfr. https://github.com/pybind/pybind11/issues/2417)
+        using us_t = duration<int, std::micro>;
+        auto us = duration_cast<us_t>(src.time_since_epoch() % seconds(1));
+        if (us.count() < 0) {
+            us += duration_cast<us_t>(seconds(1));
+        }
+
+        // Subtract microseconds BEFORE `system_clock::to_time_t`, because:
+        // > If std::time_t has lower precision, it is implementation-defined whether the value is
+        // rounded or truncated. (https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/chrono/system_clock/to_time_t)
+        std::time_t tt
+            = system_clock::to_time_t(time_point_cast<system_clock::duration>(src - us));
+
+        std::tm localtime;
+        std::tm *localtime_ptr = localtime_thread_safe(&tt, &localtime);
+        if (!localtime_ptr) {
+            throw cast_error("Unable to represent system_clock in local time");
+        }
+        return PyDateTime_FromDateAndTime(localtime.tm_year + 1900,
+                                          localtime.tm_mon + 1,
+                                          localtime.tm_mday,
+                                          localtime.tm_hour,
+                                          localtime.tm_min,
+                                          localtime.tm_sec,
+                                          us.count());
+    }
+    PYBIND11_TYPE_CASTER(type, const_name("datetime.datetime"));
+};
+
+// Other clocks that are not the system clock are not measured as datetime.datetime objects
+// since they are not measured on calendar time. So instead we just make them timedeltas
+// Or if they have passed us a time as a float we convert that
+template <typename Clock, typename Duration>
+class type_caster<std::chrono::time_point<Clock, Duration>>
+    : public duration_caster<std::chrono::time_point<Clock, Duration>> {};
+
+template <typename Rep, typename Period>
+class type_caster<std::chrono::duration<Rep, Period>>
+    : public duration_caster<std::chrono::duration<Rep, Period>> {};
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_END(detail)
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_END(PYBIND11_NAMESPACE)

deps_src/pybind11/include/pybind11/common.h

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+#include "detail/common.h"
+#warning "Including 'common.h' is deprecated. It will be removed in v3.0. Use 'pybind11.h'."

deps_src/pybind11/include/pybind11/complex.h

@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+/*
+    pybind11/complex.h: Complex number support
+
+    Copyright (c) 2016 Wenzel Jakob <wenzel.jakob@epfl.ch>
+
+    All rights reserved. Use of this source code is governed by a
+    BSD-style license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+*/
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "pybind11.h"
+
+#include <complex>
+
+/// glibc defines I as a macro which breaks things, e.g., boost template names
+#ifdef I
+#    undef I
+#endif
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_BEGIN(PYBIND11_NAMESPACE)
+
+template <typename T>
+struct format_descriptor<std::complex<T>, detail::enable_if_t<std::is_floating_point<T>::value>> {
+    static constexpr const char c = format_descriptor<T>::c;
+    static constexpr const char value[3] = {'Z', c, '\0'};
+    static std::string format() { return std::string(value); }
+};
+
+#ifndef PYBIND11_CPP17
+
+template <typename T>
+constexpr const char
+    format_descriptor<std::complex<T>,
+                      detail::enable_if_t<std::is_floating_point<T>::value>>::value[3];
+
+#endif
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_BEGIN(detail)
+
+template <typename T>
+struct is_fmt_numeric<std::complex<T>, detail::enable_if_t<std::is_floating_point<T>::value>> {
+    static constexpr bool value = true;
+    static constexpr int index = is_fmt_numeric<T>::index + 3;
+};
+
+template <typename T>
+class type_caster<std::complex<T>> {
+public:
+    bool load(handle src, bool convert) {
+        if (!src) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        if (!convert && !PyComplex_Check(src.ptr())) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        Py_complex result = PyComplex_AsCComplex(src.ptr());
+        if (result.real == -1.0 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
+            PyErr_Clear();
+            return false;
+        }
+        value = std::complex<T>((T) result.real, (T) result.imag);
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    static handle
+    cast(const std::complex<T> &src, return_value_policy /* policy */, handle /* parent */) {
+        return PyComplex_FromDoubles((double) src.real(), (double) src.imag());
+    }
+
+    PYBIND11_TYPE_CASTER(std::complex<T>, const_name("complex"));
+};
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_END(detail)
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_END(PYBIND11_NAMESPACE)

deps_src/pybind11/include/pybind11/conduit/README.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+NOTE
+----
+
+The C++ code here
+
+** only depends on <Python.h> **
+
+and nothing else.
+
+DO NOT ADD CODE WITH OTHER EXTERNAL DEPENDENCIES TO THIS DIRECTORY.
+
+Read on:
+
+pybind11_conduit_v1.h — Type-safe interoperability between different
+                        independent Python/C++ bindings systems.

deps_src/pybind11/include/pybind11/conduit/pybind11_conduit_v1.h

@@ -0,0 +1,116 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2024 The pybind Community.
+
+/* The pybind11_conduit_v1 feature enables type-safe interoperability between
+
+* different independent Python/C++ bindings systems,
+
+* including pybind11 versions with different PYBIND11_INTERNALS_VERSION's.
+
+    * NOTE: The conduit feature
+            only covers    from-Python-to-C++ conversions, it
+            does not cover from-C++-to-Python conversions.
+            (For the latter, a different feature would have to be added.)
+
+The naming of the feature is a bit misleading:
+
+* The feature is in no way tied to pybind11 internals.
+
+* It just happens to originate from pybind11 and currently still lives there.
+
+* The only external dependency is <Python.h>.
+
+The implementation is a VERY light-weight dependency. It is designed to be
+compatible with any ISO C++11 (or higher) compiler, and does NOT require
+C++ Exception Handling to be enabled.
+
+Please see https://github.com/pybind/pybind11/pull/5296 for more background.
+
+The implementation involves a
+
+def _pybind11_conduit_v1_(
+    self,
+    pybind11_platform_abi_id: bytes,
+    cpp_type_info_capsule: capsule,
+    pointer_kind: bytes) -> capsule
+
+method that is meant to be added to Python objects wrapping C++ objects
+(e.g. pybind11::class_-wrapped types).
+
+The design of the _pybind11_conduit_v1_ feature provides two layers of
+protection against C++ ABI mismatches:
+
+* The first and most important layer is that the pybind11_platform_abi_id's
+  must match between extensions. — This will never be perfect, but is the same
+  pragmatic approach used in pybind11 since 2017
+  (https://github.com/pybind/pybind11/commit/96997a4b9d4ec3d389a570604394af5d5eee2557,
+  PYBIND11_INTERNALS_ID).
+
+* The second layer is that the typeid(std::type_info).name()'s must match
+  between extensions.
+
+The implementation below (which is shorter than this comment!), serves as a
+battle-tested specification. The main API is this one function:
+
+auto *cpp_pointer = pybind11_conduit_v1::get_type_pointer_ephemeral<YourType>(py_obj);
+
+It is meant to be a minimalistic reference implementation, intentionally
+without comprehensive error reporting. It is expected that major bindings
+systems will roll their own, compatible implementations, potentially with
+system-specific error reporting. The essential specifications all bindings
+systems need to agree on are merely:
+
+* PYBIND11_PLATFORM_ABI_ID (const char* literal).
+
+* The cpp_type_info capsule (see below: a void *ptr and a const char *name).
+
+* The cpp_conduit capsule (see below: a void *ptr and a const char *name).
+
+* "raw_pointer_ephemeral" means: the lifetime of the pointer is the lifetime
+  of the py_obj.
+
+*/
+
+// THIS MUST STAY AT THE TOP!
+#include "pybind11_platform_abi_id.h"
+
+#include <Python.h>
+#include <typeinfo>
+
+namespace pybind11_conduit_v1 {
+
+inline void *get_raw_pointer_ephemeral(PyObject *py_obj, const std::type_info *cpp_type_info) {
+    PyObject *cpp_type_info_capsule
+        = PyCapsule_New(const_cast<void *>(static_cast<const void *>(cpp_type_info)),
+                        typeid(std::type_info).name(),
+                        nullptr);
+    if (cpp_type_info_capsule == nullptr) {
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+    PyObject *cpp_conduit = PyObject_CallMethod(py_obj,
+                                                "_pybind11_conduit_v1_",
+                                                "yOy",
+                                                PYBIND11_PLATFORM_ABI_ID,
+                                                cpp_type_info_capsule,
+                                                "raw_pointer_ephemeral");
+    Py_DECREF(cpp_type_info_capsule);
+    if (cpp_conduit == nullptr) {
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+    void *raw_ptr = PyCapsule_GetPointer(cpp_conduit, cpp_type_info->name());
+    Py_DECREF(cpp_conduit);
+    if (PyErr_Occurred()) {
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+    return raw_ptr;
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+T *get_type_pointer_ephemeral(PyObject *py_obj) {
+    void *raw_ptr = get_raw_pointer_ephemeral(py_obj, &typeid(T));
+    if (raw_ptr == nullptr) {
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+    return static_cast<T *>(raw_ptr);
+}
+
+} // namespace pybind11_conduit_v1

deps_src/pybind11/include/pybind11/conduit/pybind11_platform_abi_id.h

@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+#pragma once
+
+// Copyright (c) 2024 The pybind Community.
+
+// To maximize reusability:
+// DO NOT ADD CODE THAT REQUIRES C++ EXCEPTION HANDLING.
+
+#include "wrap_include_python_h.h"
+
+// Implementation details. DO NOT USE ELSEWHERE. (Unfortunately we cannot #undef them.)
+// This is duplicated here to maximize portability.
+#define PYBIND11_PLATFORM_ABI_ID_STRINGIFY(x) #x
+#define PYBIND11_PLATFORM_ABI_ID_TOSTRING(x) PYBIND11_PLATFORM_ABI_ID_STRINGIFY(x)
+
+#ifdef PYBIND11_COMPILER_TYPE
+//   // To maintain backward compatibility (see PR #5439).
+#    define PYBIND11_COMPILER_TYPE_LEADING_UNDERSCORE ""
+#else
+#    define PYBIND11_COMPILER_TYPE_LEADING_UNDERSCORE "_"
+#    if defined(__MINGW32__)
+#        define PYBIND11_COMPILER_TYPE "mingw"
+#    elif defined(__CYGWIN__)
+#        define PYBIND11_COMPILER_TYPE "gcc_cygwin"
+#    elif defined(_MSC_VER)
+#        define PYBIND11_COMPILER_TYPE "msvc"
+#    elif defined(__clang__) || defined(__GNUC__)
+#        define PYBIND11_COMPILER_TYPE "system" // Assumed compatible with system compiler.
+#    else
+#        error "Unknown PYBIND11_COMPILER_TYPE: PLEASE REVISE THIS CODE."
+#    endif
+#endif
+
+// PR #5439 made this macro obsolete. However, there are many manipulations of this macro in the
+// wild. Therefore, to maintain backward compatibility, it is kept around.
+#ifndef PYBIND11_STDLIB
+#    define PYBIND11_STDLIB ""
+#endif
+
+#ifndef PYBIND11_BUILD_ABI
+#    if defined(_MSC_VER)                 // See PR #4953.
+#        if defined(_MT) && defined(_DLL) // Corresponding to CL command line options /MD or /MDd.
+#            if (_MSC_VER) / 100 == 19
+#                define PYBIND11_BUILD_ABI "_md_mscver19"
+#            else
+#                error "Unknown major version for MSC_VER: PLEASE REVISE THIS CODE."
+#            endif
+#        elif defined(_MT) // Corresponding to CL command line options /MT or /MTd.
+#            define PYBIND11_BUILD_ABI "_mt_mscver" PYBIND11_PLATFORM_ABI_ID_TOSTRING(_MSC_VER)
+#        else
+#            if (_MSC_VER) / 100 == 19
+#                define PYBIND11_BUILD_ABI "_none_mscver19"
+#            else
+#                error "Unknown major version for MSC_VER: PLEASE REVISE THIS CODE."
+#            endif
+#        endif
+#    elif defined(_LIBCPP_ABI_VERSION) // https://libcxx.llvm.org/DesignDocs/ABIVersioning.html
+#        define PYBIND11_BUILD_ABI                                                                \
+            "_libcpp_abi" PYBIND11_PLATFORM_ABI_ID_TOSTRING(_LIBCPP_ABI_VERSION)
+#    elif defined(_GLIBCXX_USE_CXX11_ABI) // See PR #5439.
+#        if defined(__NVCOMPILER)
+//           // Assume that NVHPC is in the 1xxx ABI family.
+//           // THIS ASSUMPTION IS NOT FUTURE PROOF but apparently the best we can do.
+//           // Please let us know if there is a way to validate the assumption here.
+#        elif !defined(__GXX_ABI_VERSION)
+#            error                                                                                \
+                "Unknown platform or compiler (_GLIBCXX_USE_CXX11_ABI): PLEASE REVISE THIS CODE."
+#        endif
+#        if defined(__GXX_ABI_VERSION) && __GXX_ABI_VERSION < 1002 || __GXX_ABI_VERSION >= 2000
+#            error "Unknown platform or compiler (__GXX_ABI_VERSION): PLEASE REVISE THIS CODE."
+#        endif
+#        define PYBIND11_BUILD_ABI                                                                \
+            "_libstdcpp_gxx_abi_1xxx_use_cxx11_abi_" PYBIND11_PLATFORM_ABI_ID_TOSTRING(           \
+                _GLIBCXX_USE_CXX11_ABI)
+#    else
+#        error "Unknown platform or compiler: PLEASE REVISE THIS CODE."
+#    endif
+#endif
+
+// On MSVC, debug and release builds are not ABI-compatible!
+#if defined(_MSC_VER) && defined(_DEBUG)
+#    define PYBIND11_BUILD_TYPE "_debug"
+#else
+#    define PYBIND11_BUILD_TYPE ""
+#endif
+
+#define PYBIND11_PLATFORM_ABI_ID                                                                  \
+    PYBIND11_COMPILER_TYPE PYBIND11_STDLIB PYBIND11_BUILD_ABI PYBIND11_BUILD_TYPE

deps_src/pybind11/include/pybind11/conduit/wrap_include_python_h.h

@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+#pragma once
+
+// Copyright (c) 2024 The pybind Community.
+
+// STRONG REQUIREMENT:
+//   This header is a wrapper around `#include <Python.h>`, therefore it
+//   MUST BE INCLUDED BEFORE ANY STANDARD HEADERS are included.
+// See also:
+//   https://docs.python.org/3/c-api/intro.html#include-files
+// Quoting from there:
+//   Note: Since Python may define some pre-processor definitions which affect
+//   the standard headers on some systems, you must include Python.h before
+//   any standard headers are included.
+
+// To maximize reusability:
+// DO NOT ADD CODE THAT REQUIRES C++ EXCEPTION HANDLING.
+
+// Disable linking to pythonX_d.lib on Windows in debug mode.
+#if defined(_MSC_VER) && defined(_DEBUG) && !defined(Py_DEBUG)
+// Workaround for a VS 2022 issue.
+// See https://github.com/pybind/pybind11/pull/3497 for full context.
+// NOTE: This workaround knowingly violates the Python.h include order
+//       requirement (see above).
+#    include <yvals.h>
+#    if _MSVC_STL_VERSION >= 143
+#        include <crtdefs.h>
+#    endif
+#    define PYBIND11_DEBUG_MARKER
+#    undef _DEBUG
+#endif
+
+// Don't let Python.h #define (v)snprintf as macro because they are implemented
+// properly in Visual Studio since 2015.
+#if defined(_MSC_VER)
+#    define HAVE_SNPRINTF 1
+#endif
+
+#if defined(_MSC_VER)
+#    pragma warning(push)
+#    pragma warning(disable : 4505)
+// C4505: 'PySlice_GetIndicesEx': unreferenced local function has been removed
+#endif
+
+#include <Python.h>
+#include <frameobject.h>
+#include <pythread.h>
+
+#if defined(_MSC_VER)
+#    pragma warning(pop)
+#endif
+
+#if defined(PYBIND11_DEBUG_MARKER)
+#    define _DEBUG 1
+#    undef PYBIND11_DEBUG_MARKER
+#endif
+
+// Python #defines overrides on all sorts of core functions, which
+// tends to wreak havok in C++ codebases that expect these to work
+// like regular functions (potentially with several overloads).
+#if defined(isalnum)
+#    undef isalnum
+#    undef isalpha
+#    undef islower
+#    undef isspace
+#    undef isupper
+#    undef tolower
+#    undef toupper
+#endif
+
+#if defined(copysign)
+#    undef copysign
+#endif

deps_src/pybind11/include/pybind11/critical_section.h

@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2016-2025 The Pybind Development Team.
+// All rights reserved. Use of this source code is governed by a
+// BSD-style license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "pytypes.h"
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_BEGIN(PYBIND11_NAMESPACE)
+
+/// This does not do anything if there's a GIL. On free-threaded Python,
+/// it locks an object. This uses the CPython API, which has limits
+class scoped_critical_section {
+public:
+#ifdef Py_GIL_DISABLED
+    explicit scoped_critical_section(handle obj1, handle obj2 = handle{}) {
+        if (obj1) {
+            if (obj2) {
+                PyCriticalSection2_Begin(&section2, obj1.ptr(), obj2.ptr());
+                rank = 2;
+            } else {
+                PyCriticalSection_Begin(&section, obj1.ptr());
+                rank = 1;
+            }
+        } else if (obj2) {
+            PyCriticalSection_Begin(&section, obj2.ptr());
+            rank = 1;
+        }
+    }
+
+    ~scoped_critical_section() {
+        if (rank == 1) {
+            PyCriticalSection_End(&section);
+        } else if (rank == 2) {
+            PyCriticalSection2_End(&section2);
+        }
+    }
+#else
+    explicit scoped_critical_section(handle, handle = handle{}) {};
+    ~scoped_critical_section() = default;
+#endif
+
+    scoped_critical_section(const scoped_critical_section &) = delete;
+    scoped_critical_section &operator=(const scoped_critical_section &) = delete;
+
+private:
+#ifdef Py_GIL_DISABLED
+    int rank{0};
+    union {
+        PyCriticalSection section;
+        PyCriticalSection2 section2;
+    };
+#endif
+};
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_END(PYBIND11_NAMESPACE)

deps_src/pybind11/include/pybind11/detail/class.h

@@ -0,0 +1,823 @@
+/*
+    pybind11/detail/class.h: Python C API implementation details for py::class_
+
+    Copyright (c) 2017 Wenzel Jakob <wenzel.jakob@epfl.ch>
+
+    All rights reserved. Use of this source code is governed by a
+    BSD-style license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+*/
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <pybind11/attr.h>
+#include <pybind11/options.h>
+
+#include "exception_translation.h"
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_BEGIN(PYBIND11_NAMESPACE)
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_BEGIN(detail)
+
+#if !defined(PYPY_VERSION)
+#    define PYBIND11_BUILTIN_QUALNAME
+#    define PYBIND11_SET_OLDPY_QUALNAME(obj, nameobj)
+#else
+// In PyPy, we still set __qualname__ so that we can produce reliable function type
+// signatures; in CPython this macro expands to nothing:
+#    define PYBIND11_SET_OLDPY_QUALNAME(obj, nameobj)                                             \
+        setattr((PyObject *) obj, "__qualname__", nameobj)
+#endif
+
+inline std::string get_fully_qualified_tp_name(PyTypeObject *type) {
+#if !defined(PYPY_VERSION)
+    return type->tp_name;
+#else
+    auto module_name = handle((PyObject *) type).attr("__module__").cast<std::string>();
+    if (module_name == PYBIND11_BUILTINS_MODULE)
+        return type->tp_name;
+    else
+        return std::move(module_name) + "." + type->tp_name;
+#endif
+}
+
+inline PyTypeObject *type_incref(PyTypeObject *type) {
+    Py_INCREF(type);
+    return type;
+}
+
+#if !defined(PYPY_VERSION)
+
+/// `pybind11_static_property.__get__()`: Always pass the class instead of the instance.
+extern "C" inline PyObject *pybind11_static_get(PyObject *self, PyObject * /*ob*/, PyObject *cls) {
+    return PyProperty_Type.tp_descr_get(self, cls, cls);
+}
+
+/// `pybind11_static_property.__set__()`: Just like the above `__get__()`.
+extern "C" inline int pybind11_static_set(PyObject *self, PyObject *obj, PyObject *value) {
+    PyObject *cls = PyType_Check(obj) ? obj : (PyObject *) Py_TYPE(obj);
+    return PyProperty_Type.tp_descr_set(self, cls, value);
+}
+
+// Forward declaration to use in `make_static_property_type()`
+inline void enable_dynamic_attributes(PyHeapTypeObject *heap_type);
+
+/** A `static_property` is the same as a `property` but the `__get__()` and `__set__()`
+    methods are modified to always use the object type instead of a concrete instance.
+    Return value: New reference. */
+inline PyTypeObject *make_static_property_type() {
+    constexpr auto *name = "pybind11_static_property";
+    auto name_obj = reinterpret_steal<object>(PYBIND11_FROM_STRING(name));
+
+    /* Danger zone: from now (and until PyType_Ready), make sure to
+       issue no Python C API calls which could potentially invoke the
+       garbage collector (the GC will call type_traverse(), which will in
+       turn find the newly constructed type in an invalid state) */
+    auto *heap_type = (PyHeapTypeObject *) PyType_Type.tp_alloc(&PyType_Type, 0);
+    if (!heap_type) {
+        pybind11_fail("make_static_property_type(): error allocating type!");
+    }
+
+    heap_type->ht_name = name_obj.inc_ref().ptr();
+#    ifdef PYBIND11_BUILTIN_QUALNAME
+    heap_type->ht_qualname = name_obj.inc_ref().ptr();
+#    endif
+
+    auto *type = &heap_type->ht_type;
+    type->tp_name = name;
+    type->tp_base = type_incref(&PyProperty_Type);
+    type->tp_flags = Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT | Py_TPFLAGS_BASETYPE | Py_TPFLAGS_HEAPTYPE;
+    type->tp_descr_get = pybind11_static_get;
+    type->tp_descr_set = pybind11_static_set;
+
+#    if PY_VERSION_HEX >= 0x030C0000
+    // Since Python-3.12 property-derived types are required to
+    // have dynamic attributes (to set `__doc__`)
+    enable_dynamic_attributes(heap_type);
+#    endif
+
+    if (PyType_Ready(type) < 0) {
+        pybind11_fail("make_static_property_type(): failure in PyType_Ready()!");
+    }
+
+    setattr((PyObject *) type, "__module__", str(PYBIND11_DUMMY_MODULE_NAME));
+    PYBIND11_SET_OLDPY_QUALNAME(type, name_obj);
+
+    return type;
+}
+
+#else // PYPY
+
+/** PyPy has some issues with the above C API, so we evaluate Python code instead.
+    This function will only be called once so performance isn't really a concern.
+    Return value: New reference. */
+inline PyTypeObject *make_static_property_type() {
+    auto d = dict();
+    PyObject *result = PyRun_String(R"(\
+class pybind11_static_property(property):
+    def __get__(self, obj, cls):
+        return property.__get__(self, cls, cls)
+
+    def __set__(self, obj, value):
+        cls = obj if isinstance(obj, type) else type(obj)
+        property.__set__(self, cls, value)
+)",
+                                    Py_file_input,
+                                    d.ptr(),
+                                    d.ptr());
+    if (result == nullptr)
+        throw error_already_set();
+    Py_DECREF(result);
+    return (PyTypeObject *) d["pybind11_static_property"].cast<object>().release().ptr();
+}
+
+#endif // PYPY
+
+/** Types with static properties need to handle `Type.static_prop = x` in a specific way.
+    By default, Python replaces the `static_property` itself, but for wrapped C++ types
+    we need to call `static_property.__set__()` in order to propagate the new value to
+    the underlying C++ data structure. */
+extern "C" inline int pybind11_meta_setattro(PyObject *obj, PyObject *name, PyObject *value) {
+    // Use `_PyType_Lookup()` instead of `PyObject_GetAttr()` in order to get the raw
+    // descriptor (`property`) instead of calling `tp_descr_get` (`property.__get__()`).
+    PyObject *descr = _PyType_Lookup((PyTypeObject *) obj, name);
+
+    // The following assignment combinations are possible:
+    //   1. `Type.static_prop = value`             --> descr_set: `Type.static_prop.__set__(value)`
+    //   2. `Type.static_prop = other_static_prop` --> setattro:  replace existing `static_prop`
+    //   3. `Type.regular_attribute = value`       --> setattro:  regular attribute assignment
+    auto *const static_prop = (PyObject *) get_internals().static_property_type;
+    const auto call_descr_set = (descr != nullptr) && (value != nullptr)
+                                && (PyObject_IsInstance(descr, static_prop) != 0)
+                                && (PyObject_IsInstance(value, static_prop) == 0);
+    if (call_descr_set) {
+        // Call `static_property.__set__()` instead of replacing the `static_property`.
+#if !defined(PYPY_VERSION)
+        return Py_TYPE(descr)->tp_descr_set(descr, obj, value);
+#else
+        if (PyObject *result = PyObject_CallMethod(descr, "__set__", "OO", obj, value)) {
+            Py_DECREF(result);
+            return 0;
+        } else {
+            return -1;
+        }
+#endif
+    } else {
+        // Replace existing attribute.
+        return PyType_Type.tp_setattro(obj, name, value);
+    }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Python 3's PyInstanceMethod_Type hides itself via its tp_descr_get, which prevents aliasing
+ * methods via cls.attr("m2") = cls.attr("m1"): instead the tp_descr_get returns a plain function,
+ * when called on a class, or a PyMethod, when called on an instance.  Override that behaviour here
+ * to do a special case bypass for PyInstanceMethod_Types.
+ */
+extern "C" inline PyObject *pybind11_meta_getattro(PyObject *obj, PyObject *name) {
+    PyObject *descr = _PyType_Lookup((PyTypeObject *) obj, name);
+    if (descr && PyInstanceMethod_Check(descr)) {
+        Py_INCREF(descr);
+        return descr;
+    }
+    return PyType_Type.tp_getattro(obj, name);
+}
+
+/// metaclass `__call__` function that is used to create all pybind11 objects.
+extern "C" inline PyObject *pybind11_meta_call(PyObject *type, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwargs) {
+
+    // use the default metaclass call to create/initialize the object
+    PyObject *self = PyType_Type.tp_call(type, args, kwargs);
+    if (self == nullptr) {
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+
+    // Ensure that the base __init__ function(s) were called
+    values_and_holders vhs(self);
+    for (const auto &vh : vhs) {
+        if (!vh.holder_constructed() && !vhs.is_redundant_value_and_holder(vh)) {
+            PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError,
+                         "%.200s.__init__() must be called when overriding __init__",
+                         get_fully_qualified_tp_name(vh.type->type).c_str());
+            Py_DECREF(self);
+            return nullptr;
+        }
+    }
+
+    return self;
+}
+
+/// Cleanup the type-info for a pybind11-registered type.
+extern "C" inline void pybind11_meta_dealloc(PyObject *obj) {
+    with_internals([obj](internals &internals) {
+        auto *type = (PyTypeObject *) obj;
+
+        // A pybind11-registered type will:
+        // 1) be found in internals.registered_types_py
+        // 2) have exactly one associated `detail::type_info`
+        auto found_type = internals.registered_types_py.find(type);
+        if (found_type != internals.registered_types_py.end() && found_type->second.size() == 1
+            && found_type->second[0]->type == type) {
+
+            auto *tinfo = found_type->second[0];
+            auto tindex = std::type_index(*tinfo->cpptype);
+            internals.direct_conversions.erase(tindex);
+
+            if (tinfo->module_local) {
+                get_local_internals().registered_types_cpp.erase(tindex);
+            } else {
+                internals.registered_types_cpp.erase(tindex);
+            }
+            internals.registered_types_py.erase(tinfo->type);
+
+            // Actually just `std::erase_if`, but that's only available in C++20
+            auto &cache = internals.inactive_override_cache;
+            for (auto it = cache.begin(), last = cache.end(); it != last;) {
+                if (it->first == (PyObject *) tinfo->type) {
+                    it = cache.erase(it);
+                } else {
+                    ++it;
+                }
+            }
+
+            delete tinfo;
+        }
+    });
+
+    PyType_Type.tp_dealloc(obj);
+}
+
+/** This metaclass is assigned by default to all pybind11 types and is required in order
+    for static properties to function correctly. Users may override this using `py::metaclass`.
+    Return value: New reference. */
+inline PyTypeObject *make_default_metaclass() {
+    constexpr auto *name = "pybind11_type";
+    auto name_obj = reinterpret_steal<object>(PYBIND11_FROM_STRING(name));
+
+    /* Danger zone: from now (and until PyType_Ready), make sure to
+       issue no Python C API calls which could potentially invoke the
+       garbage collector (the GC will call type_traverse(), which will in
+       turn find the newly constructed type in an invalid state) */
+    auto *heap_type = (PyHeapTypeObject *) PyType_Type.tp_alloc(&PyType_Type, 0);
+    if (!heap_type) {
+        pybind11_fail("make_default_metaclass(): error allocating metaclass!");
+    }
+
+    heap_type->ht_name = name_obj.inc_ref().ptr();
+#ifdef PYBIND11_BUILTIN_QUALNAME
+    heap_type->ht_qualname = name_obj.inc_ref().ptr();
+#endif
+
+    auto *type = &heap_type->ht_type;
+    type->tp_name = name;
+    type->tp_base = type_incref(&PyType_Type);
+    type->tp_flags = Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT | Py_TPFLAGS_BASETYPE | Py_TPFLAGS_HEAPTYPE;
+
+    type->tp_call = pybind11_meta_call;
+
+    type->tp_setattro = pybind11_meta_setattro;
+    type->tp_getattro = pybind11_meta_getattro;
+
+    type->tp_dealloc = pybind11_meta_dealloc;
+
+    if (PyType_Ready(type) < 0) {
+        pybind11_fail("make_default_metaclass(): failure in PyType_Ready()!");
+    }
+
+    setattr((PyObject *) type, "__module__", str(PYBIND11_DUMMY_MODULE_NAME));
+    PYBIND11_SET_OLDPY_QUALNAME(type, name_obj);
+
+    return type;
+}
+
+/// For multiple inheritance types we need to recursively register/deregister base pointers for any
+/// base classes with pointers that are difference from the instance value pointer so that we can
+/// correctly recognize an offset base class pointer. This calls a function with any offset base
+/// ptrs.
+inline void traverse_offset_bases(void *valueptr,
+                                  const detail::type_info *tinfo,
+                                  instance *self,
+                                  bool (*f)(void * /*parentptr*/, instance * /*self*/)) {
+    for (handle h : reinterpret_borrow<tuple>(tinfo->type->tp_bases)) {
+        if (auto *parent_tinfo = get_type_info((PyTypeObject *) h.ptr())) {
+            for (auto &c : parent_tinfo->implicit_casts) {
+                if (c.first == tinfo->cpptype) {
+                    auto *parentptr = c.second(valueptr);
+                    if (parentptr != valueptr) {
+                        f(parentptr, self);
+                    }
+                    traverse_offset_bases(parentptr, parent_tinfo, self, f);
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#ifdef Py_GIL_DISABLED
+inline void enable_try_inc_ref(PyObject *obj) {
+    // TODO: Replace with PyUnstable_Object_EnableTryIncRef when available.
+    // See https://github.com/python/cpython/issues/128844
+    if (_Py_IsImmortal(obj)) {
+        return;
+    }
+    for (;;) {
+        Py_ssize_t shared = _Py_atomic_load_ssize_relaxed(&obj->ob_ref_shared);
+        if ((shared & _Py_REF_SHARED_FLAG_MASK) != 0) {
+            // Nothing to do if it's in WEAKREFS, QUEUED, or MERGED states.
+            return;
+        }
+        if (_Py_atomic_compare_exchange_ssize(
+                &obj->ob_ref_shared, &shared, shared | _Py_REF_MAYBE_WEAKREF)) {
+            return;
+        }
+    }
+}
+#endif
+
+inline bool register_instance_impl(void *ptr, instance *self) {
+#ifdef Py_GIL_DISABLED
+    enable_try_inc_ref(reinterpret_cast<PyObject *>(self));
+#endif
+    with_instance_map(ptr, [&](instance_map &instances) { instances.emplace(ptr, self); });
+    return true; // unused, but gives the same signature as the deregister func
+}
+inline bool deregister_instance_impl(void *ptr, instance *self) {
+    return with_instance_map(ptr, [&](instance_map &instances) {
+        auto range = instances.equal_range(ptr);
+        for (auto it = range.first; it != range.second; ++it) {
+            if (self == it->second) {
+                instances.erase(it);
+                return true;
+            }
+        }
+        return false;
+    });
+}
+
+inline void register_instance(instance *self, void *valptr, const type_info *tinfo) {
+    register_instance_impl(valptr, self);
+    if (!tinfo->simple_ancestors) {
+        traverse_offset_bases(valptr, tinfo, self, register_instance_impl);
+    }
+}
+
+inline bool deregister_instance(instance *self, void *valptr, const type_info *tinfo) {
+    bool ret = deregister_instance_impl(valptr, self);
+    if (!tinfo->simple_ancestors) {
+        traverse_offset_bases(valptr, tinfo, self, deregister_instance_impl);
+    }
+    return ret;
+}
+
+/// Instance creation function for all pybind11 types. It allocates the internal instance layout
+/// for holding C++ objects and holders.  Allocation is done lazily (the first time the instance is
+/// cast to a reference or pointer), and initialization is done by an `__init__` function.
+inline PyObject *make_new_instance(PyTypeObject *type) {
+#if defined(PYPY_VERSION)
+    // PyPy gets tp_basicsize wrong (issue 2482) under multiple inheritance when the first
+    // inherited object is a plain Python type (i.e. not derived from an extension type).  Fix it.
+    ssize_t instance_size = static_cast<ssize_t>(sizeof(instance));
+    if (type->tp_basicsize < instance_size) {
+        type->tp_basicsize = instance_size;
+    }
+#endif
+    PyObject *self = type->tp_alloc(type, 0);
+    auto *inst = reinterpret_cast<instance *>(self);
+    // Allocate the value/holder internals:
+    inst->allocate_layout();
+
+    return self;
+}
+
+/// Instance creation function for all pybind11 types. It only allocates space for the
+/// C++ object, but doesn't call the constructor -- an `__init__` function must do that.
+extern "C" inline PyObject *pybind11_object_new(PyTypeObject *type, PyObject *, PyObject *) {
+    return make_new_instance(type);
+}
+
+/// An `__init__` function constructs the C++ object. Users should provide at least one
+/// of these using `py::init` or directly with `.def(__init__, ...)`. Otherwise, the
+/// following default function will be used which simply throws an exception.
+extern "C" inline int pybind11_object_init(PyObject *self, PyObject *, PyObject *) {
+    PyTypeObject *type = Py_TYPE(self);
+    std::string msg = get_fully_qualified_tp_name(type) + ": No constructor defined!";
+    set_error(PyExc_TypeError, msg.c_str());
+    return -1;
+}
+
+inline void add_patient(PyObject *nurse, PyObject *patient) {
+    auto *instance = reinterpret_cast<detail::instance *>(nurse);
+    instance->has_patients = true;
+    Py_INCREF(patient);
+
+    with_internals([&](internals &internals) { internals.patients[nurse].push_back(patient); });
+}
+
+inline void clear_patients(PyObject *self) {
+    auto *instance = reinterpret_cast<detail::instance *>(self);
+    std::vector<PyObject *> patients;
+
+    with_internals([&](internals &internals) {
+        auto pos = internals.patients.find(self);
+
+        if (pos == internals.patients.end()) {
+            pybind11_fail(
+                "FATAL: Internal consistency check failed: Invalid clear_patients() call.");
+        }
+
+        // Clearing the patients can cause more Python code to run, which
+        // can invalidate the iterator. Extract the vector of patients
+        // from the unordered_map first.
+        patients = std::move(pos->second);
+        internals.patients.erase(pos);
+    });
+
+    instance->has_patients = false;
+    for (PyObject *&patient : patients) {
+        Py_CLEAR(patient);
+    }
+}
+
+/// Clears all internal data from the instance and removes it from registered instances in
+/// preparation for deallocation.
+inline void clear_instance(PyObject *self) {
+    auto *instance = reinterpret_cast<detail::instance *>(self);
+
+    // Deallocate any values/holders, if present:
+    for (auto &v_h : values_and_holders(instance)) {
+        if (v_h) {
+
+            // We have to deregister before we call dealloc because, for virtual MI types, we still
+            // need to be able to get the parent pointers.
+            if (v_h.instance_registered()
+                && !deregister_instance(instance, v_h.value_ptr(), v_h.type)) {
+                pybind11_fail(
+                    "pybind11_object_dealloc(): Tried to deallocate unregistered instance!");
+            }
+
+            if (instance->owned || v_h.holder_constructed()) {
+                v_h.type->dealloc(v_h);
+            }
+        } else if (v_h.holder_constructed()) {
+            v_h.type->dealloc(v_h); // Disowned instance.
+        }
+    }
+    // Deallocate the value/holder layout internals:
+    instance->deallocate_layout();
+
+    if (instance->weakrefs) {
+        PyObject_ClearWeakRefs(self);
+    }
+
+    PyObject **dict_ptr = _PyObject_GetDictPtr(self);
+    if (dict_ptr) {
+        Py_CLEAR(*dict_ptr);
+    }
+
+    if (instance->has_patients) {
+        clear_patients(self);
+    }
+}
+
+/// Instance destructor function for all pybind11 types. It calls `type_info.dealloc`
+/// to destroy the C++ object itself, while the rest is Python bookkeeping.
+extern "C" inline void pybind11_object_dealloc(PyObject *self) {
+    auto *type = Py_TYPE(self);
+
+    // If this is a GC tracked object, untrack it first
+    // Note that the track call is implicitly done by the
+    // default tp_alloc, which we never override.
+    if (PyType_HasFeature(type, Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_GC) != 0) {
+        PyObject_GC_UnTrack(self);
+    }
+
+    clear_instance(self);
+
+    type->tp_free(self);
+
+    // This was not needed before Python 3.8 (Python issue 35810)
+    // https://github.com/pybind/pybind11/issues/1946
+    Py_DECREF(type);
+}
+
+PYBIND11_WARNING_PUSH
+PYBIND11_WARNING_DISABLE_GCC("-Wredundant-decls")
+
+std::string error_string();
+
+PYBIND11_WARNING_POP
+
+/** Create the type which can be used as a common base for all classes.  This is
+    needed in order to satisfy Python's requirements for multiple inheritance.
+    Return value: New reference. */
+inline PyObject *make_object_base_type(PyTypeObject *metaclass) {
+    constexpr auto *name = "pybind11_object";
+    auto name_obj = reinterpret_steal<object>(PYBIND11_FROM_STRING(name));
+
+    /* Danger zone: from now (and until PyType_Ready), make sure to
+       issue no Python C API calls which could potentially invoke the
+       garbage collector (the GC will call type_traverse(), which will in
+       turn find the newly constructed type in an invalid state) */
+    auto *heap_type = (PyHeapTypeObject *) metaclass->tp_alloc(metaclass, 0);
+    if (!heap_type) {
+        pybind11_fail("make_object_base_type(): error allocating type!");
+    }
+
+    heap_type->ht_name = name_obj.inc_ref().ptr();
+#ifdef PYBIND11_BUILTIN_QUALNAME
+    heap_type->ht_qualname = name_obj.inc_ref().ptr();
+#endif
+
+    auto *type = &heap_type->ht_type;
+    type->tp_name = name;
+    type->tp_base = type_incref(&PyBaseObject_Type);
+    type->tp_basicsize = static_cast<ssize_t>(sizeof(instance));
+    type->tp_flags = Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT | Py_TPFLAGS_BASETYPE | Py_TPFLAGS_HEAPTYPE;
+
+    type->tp_new = pybind11_object_new;
+    type->tp_init = pybind11_object_init;
+    type->tp_dealloc = pybind11_object_dealloc;
+
+    /* Support weak references (needed for the keep_alive feature) */
+    type->tp_weaklistoffset = offsetof(instance, weakrefs);
+
+    if (PyType_Ready(type) < 0) {
+        pybind11_fail("PyType_Ready failed in make_object_base_type(): " + error_string());
+    }
+
+    setattr((PyObject *) type, "__module__", str(PYBIND11_DUMMY_MODULE_NAME));
+    PYBIND11_SET_OLDPY_QUALNAME(type, name_obj);
+
+    assert(!PyType_HasFeature(type, Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_GC));
+    return (PyObject *) heap_type;
+}
+
+/// dynamic_attr: Allow the garbage collector to traverse the internal instance `__dict__`.
+extern "C" inline int pybind11_traverse(PyObject *self, visitproc visit, void *arg) {
+#if PY_VERSION_HEX >= 0x030D0000
+    PyObject_VisitManagedDict(self, visit, arg);
+#else
+    PyObject *&dict = *_PyObject_GetDictPtr(self);
+    Py_VISIT(dict);
+#endif
+// https://docs.python.org/3/c-api/typeobj.html#c.PyTypeObject.tp_traverse
+#if PY_VERSION_HEX >= 0x03090000
+    Py_VISIT(Py_TYPE(self));
+#endif
+    return 0;
+}
+
+/// dynamic_attr: Allow the GC to clear the dictionary.
+extern "C" inline int pybind11_clear(PyObject *self) {
+#if PY_VERSION_HEX >= 0x030D0000
+    PyObject_ClearManagedDict(self);
+#else
+    PyObject *&dict = *_PyObject_GetDictPtr(self);
+    Py_CLEAR(dict);
+#endif
+    return 0;
+}
+
+/// Give instances of this type a `__dict__` and opt into garbage collection.
+inline void enable_dynamic_attributes(PyHeapTypeObject *heap_type) {
+    auto *type = &heap_type->ht_type;
+    type->tp_flags |= Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_GC;
+#ifdef PYBIND11_BACKWARD_COMPATIBILITY_TP_DICTOFFSET
+    type->tp_dictoffset = type->tp_basicsize;           // place dict at the end
+    type->tp_basicsize += (ssize_t) sizeof(PyObject *); // and allocate enough space for it
+#else
+    type->tp_flags |= Py_TPFLAGS_MANAGED_DICT;
+#endif
+    type->tp_traverse = pybind11_traverse;
+    type->tp_clear = pybind11_clear;
+
+    static PyGetSetDef getset[]
+        = {{"__dict__", PyObject_GenericGetDict, PyObject_GenericSetDict, nullptr, nullptr},
+           {nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr}};
+    type->tp_getset = getset;
+}
+
+/// buffer_protocol: Fill in the view as specified by flags.
+extern "C" inline int pybind11_getbuffer(PyObject *obj, Py_buffer *view, int flags) {
+    // Look for a `get_buffer` implementation in this type's info or any bases (following MRO).
+    type_info *tinfo = nullptr;
+    for (auto type : reinterpret_borrow<tuple>(Py_TYPE(obj)->tp_mro)) {
+        tinfo = get_type_info((PyTypeObject *) type.ptr());
+        if (tinfo && tinfo->get_buffer) {
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+    if (view == nullptr || !tinfo || !tinfo->get_buffer) {
+        if (view) {
+            view->obj = nullptr;
+        }
+        set_error(PyExc_BufferError, "pybind11_getbuffer(): Internal error");
+        return -1;
+    }
+    std::memset(view, 0, sizeof(Py_buffer));
+    std::unique_ptr<buffer_info> info = nullptr;
+    try {
+        info.reset(tinfo->get_buffer(obj, tinfo->get_buffer_data));
+    } catch (...) {
+        try_translate_exceptions();
+        raise_from(PyExc_BufferError, "Error getting buffer");
+        return -1;
+    }
+    if (info == nullptr) {
+        pybind11_fail("FATAL UNEXPECTED SITUATION: tinfo->get_buffer() returned nullptr.");
+    }
+
+    if ((flags & PyBUF_WRITABLE) == PyBUF_WRITABLE && info->readonly) {
+        // view->obj = nullptr;  // Was just memset to 0, so not necessary
+        set_error(PyExc_BufferError, "Writable buffer requested for readonly storage");
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    // Fill in all the information, and then downgrade as requested by the caller, or raise an
+    // error if that's not possible.
+    view->itemsize = info->itemsize;
+    view->len = view->itemsize;
+    for (auto s : info->shape) {
+        view->len *= s;
+    }
+    view->ndim = static_cast<int>(info->ndim);
+    view->shape = info->shape.data();
+    view->strides = info->strides.data();
+    view->readonly = static_cast<int>(info->readonly);
+    if ((flags & PyBUF_FORMAT) == PyBUF_FORMAT) {
+        view->format = const_cast<char *>(info->format.c_str());
+    }
+
+    // Note, all contiguity flags imply PyBUF_STRIDES and lower.
+    if ((flags & PyBUF_C_CONTIGUOUS) == PyBUF_C_CONTIGUOUS) {
+        if (PyBuffer_IsContiguous(view, 'C') == 0) {
+            std::memset(view, 0, sizeof(Py_buffer));
+            set_error(PyExc_BufferError,
+                      "C-contiguous buffer requested for discontiguous storage");
+            return -1;
+        }
+    } else if ((flags & PyBUF_F_CONTIGUOUS) == PyBUF_F_CONTIGUOUS) {
+        if (PyBuffer_IsContiguous(view, 'F') == 0) {
+            std::memset(view, 0, sizeof(Py_buffer));
+            set_error(PyExc_BufferError,
+                      "Fortran-contiguous buffer requested for discontiguous storage");
+            return -1;
+        }
+    } else if ((flags & PyBUF_ANY_CONTIGUOUS) == PyBUF_ANY_CONTIGUOUS) {
+        if (PyBuffer_IsContiguous(view, 'A') == 0) {
+            std::memset(view, 0, sizeof(Py_buffer));
+            set_error(PyExc_BufferError, "Contiguous buffer requested for discontiguous storage");
+            return -1;
+        }
+
+    } else if ((flags & PyBUF_STRIDES) != PyBUF_STRIDES) {
+        // If no strides are requested, the buffer must be C-contiguous.
+        // https://docs.python.org/3/c-api/buffer.html#contiguity-requests
+        if (PyBuffer_IsContiguous(view, 'C') == 0) {
+            std::memset(view, 0, sizeof(Py_buffer));
+            set_error(PyExc_BufferError,
+                      "C-contiguous buffer requested for discontiguous storage");
+            return -1;
+        }
+
+        view->strides = nullptr;
+
+        // Since this is a contiguous buffer, it can also pretend to be 1D.
+        if ((flags & PyBUF_ND) != PyBUF_ND) {
+            view->shape = nullptr;
+            view->ndim = 0;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Set these after all checks so they don't leak out into the caller, and can be automatically
+    // cleaned up on error.
+    view->buf = info->ptr;
+    view->internal = info.release();
+    view->obj = obj;
+    Py_INCREF(view->obj);
+    return 0;
+}
+
+/// buffer_protocol: Release the resources of the buffer.
+extern "C" inline void pybind11_releasebuffer(PyObject *, Py_buffer *view) {
+    delete (buffer_info *) view->internal;
+}
+
+/// Give this type a buffer interface.
+inline void enable_buffer_protocol(PyHeapTypeObject *heap_type) {
+    heap_type->ht_type.tp_as_buffer = &heap_type->as_buffer;
+
+    heap_type->as_buffer.bf_getbuffer = pybind11_getbuffer;
+    heap_type->as_buffer.bf_releasebuffer = pybind11_releasebuffer;
+}
+
+/** Create a brand new Python type according to the `type_record` specification.
+    Return value: New reference. */
+inline PyObject *make_new_python_type(const type_record &rec) {
+    auto name = reinterpret_steal<object>(PYBIND11_FROM_STRING(rec.name));
+
+    auto qualname = name;
+    if (rec.scope && !PyModule_Check(rec.scope.ptr()) && hasattr(rec.scope, "__qualname__")) {
+        qualname = reinterpret_steal<object>(
+            PyUnicode_FromFormat("%U.%U", rec.scope.attr("__qualname__").ptr(), name.ptr()));
+    }
+
+    object module_ = get_module_name_if_available(rec.scope);
+    const auto *full_name = c_str(
+#if !defined(PYPY_VERSION)
+        module_ ? str(module_).cast<std::string>() + "." + rec.name :
+#endif
+                rec.name);
+
+    char *tp_doc = nullptr;
+    if (rec.doc && options::show_user_defined_docstrings()) {
+        /* Allocate memory for docstring (Python will free this later on) */
+        size_t size = std::strlen(rec.doc) + 1;
+#if PY_VERSION_HEX >= 0x030D0000
+        tp_doc = (char *) PyMem_MALLOC(size);
+#else
+        tp_doc = (char *) PyObject_MALLOC(size);
+#endif
+        std::memcpy((void *) tp_doc, rec.doc, size);
+    }
+
+    auto &internals = get_internals();
+    auto bases = tuple(rec.bases);
+    auto *base = (bases.empty()) ? internals.instance_base : bases[0].ptr();
+
+    /* Danger zone: from now (and until PyType_Ready), make sure to
+       issue no Python C API calls which could potentially invoke the
+       garbage collector (the GC will call type_traverse(), which will in
+       turn find the newly constructed type in an invalid state) */
+    auto *metaclass
+        = rec.metaclass.ptr() ? (PyTypeObject *) rec.metaclass.ptr() : internals.default_metaclass;
+
+    auto *heap_type = (PyHeapTypeObject *) metaclass->tp_alloc(metaclass, 0);
+    if (!heap_type) {
+        pybind11_fail(std::string(rec.name) + ": Unable to create type object!");
+    }
+
+    heap_type->ht_name = name.release().ptr();
+#ifdef PYBIND11_BUILTIN_QUALNAME
+    heap_type->ht_qualname = qualname.inc_ref().ptr();
+#endif
+
+    auto *type = &heap_type->ht_type;
+    type->tp_name = full_name;
+    type->tp_doc = tp_doc;
+    type->tp_base = type_incref((PyTypeObject *) base);
+    type->tp_basicsize = static_cast<ssize_t>(sizeof(instance));
+    if (!bases.empty()) {
+        type->tp_bases = bases.release().ptr();
+    }
+
+    /* Don't inherit base __init__ */
+    type->tp_init = pybind11_object_init;
+
+    /* Supported protocols */
+    type->tp_as_number = &heap_type->as_number;
+    type->tp_as_sequence = &heap_type->as_sequence;
+    type->tp_as_mapping = &heap_type->as_mapping;
+    type->tp_as_async = &heap_type->as_async;
+
+    /* Flags */
+    type->tp_flags |= Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT | Py_TPFLAGS_HEAPTYPE;
+    if (!rec.is_final) {
+        type->tp_flags |= Py_TPFLAGS_BASETYPE;
+    }
+
+    if (rec.dynamic_attr) {
+        enable_dynamic_attributes(heap_type);
+    }
+
+    if (rec.buffer_protocol) {
+        enable_buffer_protocol(heap_type);
+    }
+
+    if (rec.custom_type_setup_callback) {
+        rec.custom_type_setup_callback(heap_type);
+    }
+
+    if (PyType_Ready(type) < 0) {
+        pybind11_fail(std::string(rec.name) + ": PyType_Ready failed: " + error_string());
+    }
+
+    assert(!rec.dynamic_attr || PyType_HasFeature(type, Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_GC));
+
+    /* Register type with the parent scope */
+    if (rec.scope) {
+        setattr(rec.scope, rec.name, (PyObject *) type);
+    } else {
+        Py_INCREF(type); // Keep it alive forever (reference leak)
+    }
+
+    if (module_) { // Needed by pydoc
+        setattr((PyObject *) type, "__module__", module_);
+    }
+
+    PYBIND11_SET_OLDPY_QUALNAME(type, qualname);
+
+    return (PyObject *) type;
+}
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_END(detail)
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_END(PYBIND11_NAMESPACE)

deps_src/pybind11/include/pybind11/detail/cpp_conduit.h

@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2024 The pybind Community.
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <pybind11/pytypes.h>
+
+#include "common.h"
+#include "internals.h"
+
+#include <typeinfo>
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_BEGIN(PYBIND11_NAMESPACE)
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_BEGIN(detail)
+
+// Forward declaration needed here: Refactoring opportunity.
+extern "C" inline PyObject *pybind11_object_new(PyTypeObject *type, PyObject *, PyObject *);
+
+inline bool type_is_managed_by_our_internals(PyTypeObject *type_obj) {
+#if defined(PYPY_VERSION)
+    auto &internals = get_internals();
+    return bool(internals.registered_types_py.find(type_obj)
+                != internals.registered_types_py.end());
+#else
+    return bool(type_obj->tp_new == pybind11_object_new);
+#endif
+}
+
+inline bool is_instance_method_of_type(PyTypeObject *type_obj, PyObject *attr_name) {
+    PyObject *descr = _PyType_Lookup(type_obj, attr_name);
+    return bool((descr != nullptr) && PyInstanceMethod_Check(descr));
+}
+
+inline object try_get_cpp_conduit_method(PyObject *obj) {
+    if (PyType_Check(obj)) {
+        return object();
+    }
+    PyTypeObject *type_obj = Py_TYPE(obj);
+    str attr_name("_pybind11_conduit_v1_");
+    bool assumed_to_be_callable = false;
+    if (type_is_managed_by_our_internals(type_obj)) {
+        if (!is_instance_method_of_type(type_obj, attr_name.ptr())) {
+            return object();
+        }
+        assumed_to_be_callable = true;
+    }
+    PyObject *method = PyObject_GetAttr(obj, attr_name.ptr());
+    if (method == nullptr) {
+        PyErr_Clear();
+        return object();
+    }
+    if (!assumed_to_be_callable && PyCallable_Check(method) == 0) {
+        Py_DECREF(method);
+        return object();
+    }
+    return reinterpret_steal<object>(method);
+}
+
+inline void *try_raw_pointer_ephemeral_from_cpp_conduit(handle src,
+                                                        const std::type_info *cpp_type_info) {
+    object method = try_get_cpp_conduit_method(src.ptr());
+    if (method) {
+        capsule cpp_type_info_capsule(const_cast<void *>(static_cast<const void *>(cpp_type_info)),
+                                      typeid(std::type_info).name());
+        object cpp_conduit = method(bytes(PYBIND11_PLATFORM_ABI_ID),
+                                    cpp_type_info_capsule,
+                                    bytes("raw_pointer_ephemeral"));
+        if (isinstance<capsule>(cpp_conduit)) {
+            return reinterpret_borrow<capsule>(cpp_conduit).get_pointer();
+        }
+    }
+    return nullptr;
+}
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_END(detail)
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_END(PYBIND11_NAMESPACE)

deps_src/pybind11/include/pybind11/detail/descr.h

@@ -0,0 +1,226 @@
+/*
+    pybind11/detail/descr.h: Helper type for concatenating type signatures at compile time
+
+    Copyright (c) 2016 Wenzel Jakob <wenzel.jakob@epfl.ch>
+
+    All rights reserved. Use of this source code is governed by a
+    BSD-style license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+*/
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "common.h"
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_BEGIN(PYBIND11_NAMESPACE)
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_BEGIN(detail)
+
+#if !defined(_MSC_VER)
+#    define PYBIND11_DESCR_CONSTEXPR static constexpr
+#else
+#    define PYBIND11_DESCR_CONSTEXPR const
+#endif
+
+/* Concatenate type signatures at compile time */
+template <size_t N, typename... Ts>
+struct descr {
+    char text[N + 1]{'\0'};
+
+    constexpr descr() = default;
+    // NOLINTNEXTLINE(google-explicit-constructor)
+    constexpr descr(char const (&s)[N + 1]) : descr(s, make_index_sequence<N>()) {}
+
+    template <size_t... Is>
+    constexpr descr(char const (&s)[N + 1], index_sequence<Is...>) : text{s[Is]..., '\0'} {}
+
+    template <typename... Chars>
+    // NOLINTNEXTLINE(google-explicit-constructor)
+    constexpr descr(char c, Chars... cs) : text{c, static_cast<char>(cs)..., '\0'} {}
+
+    static constexpr std::array<const std::type_info *, sizeof...(Ts) + 1> types() {
+        return {{&typeid(Ts)..., nullptr}};
+    }
+};
+
+template <size_t N1, size_t N2, typename... Ts1, typename... Ts2, size_t... Is1, size_t... Is2>
+constexpr descr<N1 + N2, Ts1..., Ts2...> plus_impl(const descr<N1, Ts1...> &a,
+                                                   const descr<N2, Ts2...> &b,
+                                                   index_sequence<Is1...>,
+                                                   index_sequence<Is2...>) {
+    PYBIND11_WORKAROUND_INCORRECT_MSVC_C4100(b);
+    return {a.text[Is1]..., b.text[Is2]...};
+}
+
+template <size_t N1, size_t N2, typename... Ts1, typename... Ts2>
+constexpr descr<N1 + N2, Ts1..., Ts2...> operator+(const descr<N1, Ts1...> &a,
+                                                   const descr<N2, Ts2...> &b) {
+    return plus_impl(a, b, make_index_sequence<N1>(), make_index_sequence<N2>());
+}
+
+template <size_t N>
+constexpr descr<N - 1> const_name(char const (&text)[N]) {
+    return descr<N - 1>(text);
+}
+constexpr descr<0> const_name(char const (&)[1]) { return {}; }
+
+template <size_t Rem, size_t... Digits>
+struct int_to_str : int_to_str<Rem / 10, Rem % 10, Digits...> {};
+template <size_t... Digits>
+struct int_to_str<0, Digits...> {
+    // WARNING: This only works with C++17 or higher.
+    static constexpr auto digits = descr<sizeof...(Digits)>(('0' + Digits)...);
+};
+
+// Ternary description (like std::conditional)
+template <bool B, size_t N1, size_t N2>
+constexpr enable_if_t<B, descr<N1 - 1>> const_name(char const (&text1)[N1], char const (&)[N2]) {
+    return const_name(text1);
+}
+template <bool B, size_t N1, size_t N2>
+constexpr enable_if_t<!B, descr<N2 - 1>> const_name(char const (&)[N1], char const (&text2)[N2]) {
+    return const_name(text2);
+}
+
+template <bool B, typename T1, typename T2>
+constexpr enable_if_t<B, T1> const_name(const T1 &d, const T2 &) {
+    return d;
+}
+template <bool B, typename T1, typename T2>
+constexpr enable_if_t<!B, T2> const_name(const T1 &, const T2 &d) {
+    return d;
+}
+
+template <size_t Size>
+auto constexpr const_name() -> remove_cv_t<decltype(int_to_str<Size / 10, Size % 10>::digits)> {
+    return int_to_str<Size / 10, Size % 10>::digits;
+}
+
+template <typename Type>
+constexpr descr<1, Type> const_name() {
+    return {'%'};
+}
+
+// Use a different name based on whether the parameter is used as input or output
+template <size_t N1, size_t N2>
+constexpr descr<N1 + N2 + 1> io_name(char const (&text1)[N1], char const (&text2)[N2]) {
+    return const_name("@") + const_name(text1) + const_name("@") + const_name(text2)
+           + const_name("@");
+}
+
+// Ternary description for io_name (like the numeric type_caster)
+template <bool B, size_t N1, size_t N2, size_t N3, size_t N4>
+constexpr enable_if_t<B, descr<N1 + N2 + 1>>
+io_name(char const (&text1)[N1], char const (&text2)[N2], char const (&)[N3], char const (&)[N4]) {
+    return io_name(text1, text2);
+}
+
+template <bool B, size_t N1, size_t N2, size_t N3, size_t N4>
+constexpr enable_if_t<!B, descr<N3 + N4 + 1>>
+io_name(char const (&)[N1], char const (&)[N2], char const (&text3)[N3], char const (&text4)[N4]) {
+    return io_name(text3, text4);
+}
+
+// If "_" is defined as a macro, py::detail::_ cannot be provided.
+// It is therefore best to use py::detail::const_name universally.
+// This block is for backward compatibility only.
+// (The const_name code is repeated to avoid introducing a "_" #define ourselves.)
+#ifndef _
+#    define PYBIND11_DETAIL_UNDERSCORE_BACKWARD_COMPATIBILITY
+template <size_t N>
+constexpr descr<N - 1> _(char const (&text)[N]) {
+    return const_name<N>(text);
+}
+template <bool B, size_t N1, size_t N2>
+constexpr enable_if_t<B, descr<N1 - 1>> _(char const (&text1)[N1], char const (&text2)[N2]) {
+    return const_name<B, N1, N2>(text1, text2);
+}
+template <bool B, size_t N1, size_t N2>
+constexpr enable_if_t<!B, descr<N2 - 1>> _(char const (&text1)[N1], char const (&text2)[N2]) {
+    return const_name<B, N1, N2>(text1, text2);
+}
+template <bool B, typename T1, typename T2>
+constexpr enable_if_t<B, T1> _(const T1 &d1, const T2 &d2) {
+    return const_name<B, T1, T2>(d1, d2);
+}
+template <bool B, typename T1, typename T2>
+constexpr enable_if_t<!B, T2> _(const T1 &d1, const T2 &d2) {
+    return const_name<B, T1, T2>(d1, d2);
+}
+
+template <size_t Size>
+auto constexpr _() -> remove_cv_t<decltype(int_to_str<Size / 10, Size % 10>::digits)> {
+    return const_name<Size>();
+}
+template <typename Type>
+constexpr descr<1, Type> _() {
+    return const_name<Type>();
+}
+#endif // #ifndef _
+
+constexpr descr<0> concat() { return {}; }
+constexpr descr<0> union_concat() { return {}; }
+
+template <size_t N, typename... Ts>
+constexpr descr<N, Ts...> concat(const descr<N, Ts...> &descr) {
+    return descr;
+}
+
+template <size_t N, typename... Ts>
+constexpr descr<N, Ts...> union_concat(const descr<N, Ts...> &descr) {
+    return descr;
+}
+
+template <size_t N1, size_t N2, typename... Ts1, typename... Ts2>
+constexpr descr<N1 + N2 + 3, Ts1..., Ts2...> operator|(const descr<N1, Ts1...> &a,
+                                                       const descr<N2, Ts2...> &b) {
+    return a + const_name(" | ") + b;
+}
+
+#ifdef __cpp_fold_expressions
+template <size_t N1, size_t N2, typename... Ts1, typename... Ts2>
+constexpr descr<N1 + N2 + 2, Ts1..., Ts2...> operator,(const descr<N1, Ts1...> &a,
+                                                       const descr<N2, Ts2...> &b) {
+    return a + const_name(", ") + b;
+}
+
+template <size_t N, typename... Ts, typename... Args>
+constexpr auto concat(const descr<N, Ts...> &d, const Args &...args) {
+    return (d, ..., args);
+}
+
+template <size_t N, typename... Ts, typename... Args>
+constexpr auto union_concat(const descr<N, Ts...> &d, const Args &...args) {
+    return (d | ... | args);
+}
+
+#else
+template <size_t N, typename... Ts, typename... Args>
+constexpr auto concat(const descr<N, Ts...> &d, const Args &...args)
+    -> decltype(std::declval<descr<N + 2, Ts...>>() + concat(args...)) {
+    return d + const_name(", ") + concat(args...);
+}
+
+template <size_t N, typename... Ts, typename... Args>
+constexpr auto union_concat(const descr<N, Ts...> &d, const Args &...args)
+    -> decltype(std::declval<descr<N + 3, Ts...>>() + union_concat(args...)) {
+    return d + const_name(" | ") + union_concat(args...);
+}
+
+#endif
+
+template <size_t N, typename... Ts>
+constexpr descr<N + 2, Ts...> type_descr(const descr<N, Ts...> &descr) {
+    return const_name("{") + descr + const_name("}");
+}
+
+template <size_t N, typename... Ts>
+constexpr descr<N + 4, Ts...> arg_descr(const descr<N, Ts...> &descr) {
+    return const_name("@^") + descr + const_name("@!");
+}
+
+template <size_t N, typename... Ts>
+constexpr descr<N + 4, Ts...> return_descr(const descr<N, Ts...> &descr) {
+    return const_name("@$") + descr + const_name("@!");
+}
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_END(detail)
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_END(PYBIND11_NAMESPACE)

deps_src/pybind11/include/pybind11/detail/dynamic_raw_ptr_cast_if_possible.h

@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2021 The Pybind Development Team.
+// All rights reserved. Use of this source code is governed by a
+// BSD-style license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "common.h"
+
+#include <type_traits>
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_BEGIN(PYBIND11_NAMESPACE)
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_BEGIN(detail)
+
+template <typename To, typename From, typename SFINAE = void>
+struct dynamic_raw_ptr_cast_is_possible : std::false_type {};
+
+template <typename To, typename From>
+struct dynamic_raw_ptr_cast_is_possible<
+    To,
+    From,
+    detail::enable_if_t<!std::is_same<To, void>::value && std::is_polymorphic<From>::value>>
+    : std::true_type {};
+
+template <typename To,
+          typename From,
+          detail::enable_if_t<!dynamic_raw_ptr_cast_is_possible<To, From>::value, int> = 0>
+To *dynamic_raw_ptr_cast_if_possible(From * /*ptr*/) {
+    return nullptr;
+}
+
+template <typename To,
+          typename From,
+          detail::enable_if_t<dynamic_raw_ptr_cast_is_possible<To, From>::value, int> = 0>
+To *dynamic_raw_ptr_cast_if_possible(From *ptr) {
+    return dynamic_cast<To *>(ptr);
+}
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_END(detail)
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_END(PYBIND11_NAMESPACE)

deps_src/pybind11/include/pybind11/detail/exception_translation.h

@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+/*
+    pybind11/detail/exception_translation.h: means to translate C++ exceptions to Python exceptions
+
+    Copyright (c) 2024 The Pybind Development Team.
+
+    All rights reserved. Use of this source code is governed by a
+    BSD-style license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+*/
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "common.h"
+#include "internals.h"
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_BEGIN(PYBIND11_NAMESPACE)
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_BEGIN(detail)
+
+// Apply all the extensions translators from a list
+// Return true if one of the translators completed without raising an exception
+// itself. Return of false indicates that if there are other translators
+// available, they should be tried.
+inline bool apply_exception_translators(std::forward_list<ExceptionTranslator> &translators) {
+    auto last_exception = std::current_exception();
+
+    for (auto &translator : translators) {
+        try {
+            translator(last_exception);
+            return true;
+        } catch (...) {
+            last_exception = std::current_exception();
+        }
+    }
+    return false;
+}
+
+inline void try_translate_exceptions() {
+    /* When an exception is caught, give each registered exception
+        translator a chance to translate it to a Python exception. First
+        all module-local translators will be tried in reverse order of
+        registration. If none of the module-locale translators handle
+        the exception (or there are no module-locale translators) then
+        the global translators will be tried, also in reverse order of
+        registration.
+
+        A translator may choose to do one of the following:
+
+        - catch the exception and call py::set_error()
+            to set a standard (or custom) Python exception, or
+        - do nothing and let the exception fall through to the next translator, or
+        - delegate translation to the next translator by throwing a new type of exception.
+        */
+
+    bool handled = with_exception_translators(
+        [&](std::forward_list<ExceptionTranslator> &exception_translators,
+            std::forward_list<ExceptionTranslator> &local_exception_translators) {
+            if (detail::apply_exception_translators(local_exception_translators)) {
+                return true;
+            }
+            if (detail::apply_exception_translators(exception_translators)) {
+                return true;
+            }
+            return false;
+        });
+
+    if (!handled) {
+        set_error(PyExc_SystemError, "Exception escaped from default exception translator!");
+    }
+}
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_END(detail)
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_END(PYBIND11_NAMESPACE)

deps_src/pybind11/include/pybind11/detail/function_record_pyobject.h

@@ -0,0 +1,191 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2024-2025 The Pybind Development Team.
+// All rights reserved. Use of this source code is governed by a
+// BSD-style license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+
+// For background see the description of PR google/pybind11clif#30099.
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <pybind11/attr.h>
+#include <pybind11/conduit/pybind11_platform_abi_id.h>
+#include <pybind11/pytypes.h>
+
+#include "common.h"
+
+#include <cstring>
+#include <utility>
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_BEGIN(PYBIND11_NAMESPACE)
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_BEGIN(detail)
+
+struct function_record_PyObject {
+    PyObject_HEAD
+    function_record *cpp_func_rec;
+};
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_BEGIN(function_record_PyTypeObject_methods)
+
+PyObject *tp_new_impl(PyTypeObject *type, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwds);
+PyObject *tp_alloc_impl(PyTypeObject *type, Py_ssize_t nitems);
+int tp_init_impl(PyObject *self, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwds);
+void tp_dealloc_impl(PyObject *self);
+void tp_free_impl(void *self);
+
+static PyObject *reduce_ex_impl(PyObject *self, PyObject *, PyObject *);
+
+static PyMethodDef tp_methods_impl[]
+    = {{"__reduce_ex__",
+        // reduce_ex_impl is a PyCFunctionWithKeywords, but PyMethodDef
+        // requires a PyCFunction. The cast through void* is safe and
+        // idiomatic with METH_KEYWORDS, and it successfully sidesteps
+        // unhelpful compiler warnings.
+        // NOLINTNEXTLINE(bugprone-casting-through-void)
+        reinterpret_cast<PyCFunction>(reinterpret_cast<void *>(reduce_ex_impl)),
+        METH_VARARGS | METH_KEYWORDS,
+        nullptr},
+       {nullptr, nullptr, 0, nullptr}};
+
+// Python 3.12+ emits a DeprecationWarning for heap types whose tp_name does
+// not contain a dot ('.') and that lack a __module__ attribute. For pybind11's
+// internal function_record type, we do not have an actual module object to
+// attach, so we cannot use PyType_FromModuleAndSpec (introduced in Python 3.9)
+// to set __module__ automatically.
+//
+// As a workaround, we define a "qualified" type name that includes a dummy
+// module name (PYBIND11_DUMMY_MODULE_NAME). This is non‑idiomatic but avoids
+// the deprecation warning, and results in reprs like
+//
+//     <class 'pybind11_builtins.pybind11_detail_function_record_...'>
+//
+// even though no real pybind11_builtins module exists. If pybind11 gains an
+// actual module object in the future, this code should switch to
+// PyType_FromModuleAndSpec for Python 3.9+ and drop the dummy module
+// workaround.
+//
+// Note that this name is versioned.
+#define PYBIND11_DETAIL_FUNCTION_RECORD_TP_PLAINNAME                                              \
+    "pybind11_detail_function_record_" PYBIND11_DETAIL_FUNCTION_RECORD_ABI_ID                     \
+    "_" PYBIND11_PLATFORM_ABI_ID
+constexpr char tp_plainname_impl[] = PYBIND11_DETAIL_FUNCTION_RECORD_TP_PLAINNAME;
+constexpr char tp_qualname_impl[]
+    = PYBIND11_DUMMY_MODULE_NAME "." PYBIND11_DETAIL_FUNCTION_RECORD_TP_PLAINNAME;
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_END(function_record_PyTypeObject_methods)
+
+static PyType_Slot function_record_PyType_Slots[] = {
+    {Py_tp_dealloc,
+     reinterpret_cast<void *>(function_record_PyTypeObject_methods::tp_dealloc_impl)},
+    {Py_tp_methods,
+     reinterpret_cast<void *>(function_record_PyTypeObject_methods::tp_methods_impl)},
+    {Py_tp_init, reinterpret_cast<void *>(function_record_PyTypeObject_methods::tp_init_impl)},
+    {Py_tp_alloc, reinterpret_cast<void *>(function_record_PyTypeObject_methods::tp_alloc_impl)},
+    {Py_tp_new, reinterpret_cast<void *>(function_record_PyTypeObject_methods::tp_new_impl)},
+    {Py_tp_free, reinterpret_cast<void *>(function_record_PyTypeObject_methods::tp_free_impl)},
+    {0, nullptr}};
+
+static PyType_Spec function_record_PyType_Spec
+    = {function_record_PyTypeObject_methods::tp_qualname_impl,
+       sizeof(function_record_PyObject),
+       0,
+       Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT | Py_TPFLAGS_HEAPTYPE,
+       function_record_PyType_Slots};
+
+inline PyTypeObject *get_function_record_PyTypeObject() {
+    PyTypeObject *&py_type_obj = detail::get_local_internals().function_record_py_type;
+    if (!py_type_obj) {
+        PyObject *py_obj = PyType_FromSpec(&function_record_PyType_Spec);
+        if (py_obj == nullptr) {
+            throw error_already_set();
+        }
+        py_type_obj = reinterpret_cast<PyTypeObject *>(py_obj);
+    }
+    return py_type_obj;
+}
+
+inline bool is_function_record_PyObject(PyObject *obj) {
+    if (PyType_Check(obj) != 0) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    PyTypeObject *obj_type = Py_TYPE(obj);
+
+    PyTypeObject *frtype = get_function_record_PyTypeObject();
+
+    // Fast path (pointer comparison).
+    if (obj_type == frtype) {
+        return true;
+    }
+    // This works across extension modules. Note that tp_name is versioned.
+    if (strcmp(obj_type->tp_name, function_record_PyTypeObject_methods::tp_qualname_impl) == 0
+        || strcmp(obj_type->tp_name, function_record_PyTypeObject_methods::tp_plainname_impl)
+               == 0) {
+        return true;
+    }
+    return false;
+}
+
+inline function_record *function_record_ptr_from_PyObject(PyObject *obj) {
+    if (is_function_record_PyObject(obj)) {
+        return ((detail::function_record_PyObject *) obj)->cpp_func_rec;
+    }
+    return nullptr;
+}
+
+inline object function_record_PyObject_New() {
+    auto *py_func_rec = PyObject_New(function_record_PyObject, get_function_record_PyTypeObject());
+    if (py_func_rec == nullptr) {
+        throw error_already_set();
+    }
+    py_func_rec->cpp_func_rec = nullptr; // For clarity/purity. Redundant in practice.
+    return reinterpret_steal<object>((PyObject *) py_func_rec);
+}
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_BEGIN(function_record_PyTypeObject_methods)
+
+// Guard against accidents & oversights, in particular when porting to future Python versions.
+inline PyObject *tp_new_impl(PyTypeObject *, PyObject *, PyObject *) {
+    pybind11_fail("UNEXPECTED CALL OF function_record_PyTypeObject_methods::tp_new_impl");
+    // return nullptr; // Unreachable.
+}
+
+inline PyObject *tp_alloc_impl(PyTypeObject *, Py_ssize_t) {
+    pybind11_fail("UNEXPECTED CALL OF function_record_PyTypeObject_methods::tp_alloc_impl");
+    // return nullptr; // Unreachable.
+}
+
+inline int tp_init_impl(PyObject *, PyObject *, PyObject *) {
+    pybind11_fail("UNEXPECTED CALL OF function_record_PyTypeObject_methods::tp_init_impl");
+    // return -1; // Unreachable.
+}
+
+inline void tp_free_impl(void *) {
+    pybind11_fail("UNEXPECTED CALL OF function_record_PyTypeObject_methods::tp_free_impl");
+}
+
+inline PyObject *reduce_ex_impl(PyObject *self, PyObject *, PyObject *) {
+    // Deliberately ignoring the arguments for simplicity (expected is `protocol: int`).
+    const function_record *rec = function_record_ptr_from_PyObject(self);
+    if (rec == nullptr) {
+        pybind11_fail(
+            "FATAL: function_record_PyTypeObject reduce_ex_impl(): cannot obtain cpp_func_rec.");
+    }
+    if (rec->name != nullptr && rec->name[0] != '\0' && rec->scope
+        && PyModule_Check(rec->scope.ptr()) != 0) {
+        object scope_module = get_scope_module(rec->scope);
+        if (scope_module) {
+            auto builtins = reinterpret_borrow<dict>(PyEval_GetBuiltins());
+            auto builtins_eval = builtins["eval"];
+            auto reconstruct_args = make_tuple(str("__import__('importlib').import_module('")
+                                               + scope_module + str("')"));
+            return make_tuple(std::move(builtins_eval), std::move(reconstruct_args))
+                .release()
+                .ptr();
+        }
+    }
+    set_error(PyExc_RuntimeError, repr(self) + str(" is not pickleable."));
+    return nullptr;
+}
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_END(function_record_PyTypeObject_methods)
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_END(detail)
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_END(PYBIND11_NAMESPACE)

deps_src/pybind11/include/pybind11/detail/init.h

@@ -0,0 +1,538 @@
+/*
+    pybind11/detail/init.h: init factory function implementation and support code.
+
+    Copyright (c) 2017 Jason Rhinelander <jason@imaginary.ca>
+
+    All rights reserved. Use of this source code is governed by a
+    BSD-style license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+*/
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "class.h"
+#include "using_smart_holder.h"
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_BEGIN(PYBIND11_NAMESPACE)
+
+PYBIND11_WARNING_DISABLE_MSVC(4127)
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_BEGIN(detail)
+
+template <>
+class type_caster<value_and_holder> {
+public:
+    bool load(handle h, bool) {
+        value = reinterpret_cast<value_and_holder *>(h.ptr());
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    template <typename>
+    using cast_op_type = value_and_holder &;
+    explicit operator value_and_holder &() { return *value; }
+    static constexpr auto name = const_name<value_and_holder>();
+
+private:
+    value_and_holder *value = nullptr;
+};
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_BEGIN(initimpl)
+
+inline void no_nullptr(const void *ptr) {
+    if (!ptr) {
+        throw type_error("pybind11::init(): factory function returned nullptr");
+    }
+}
+
+// Implementing functions for all forms of py::init<...> and py::init(...)
+template <typename Class>
+using Cpp = typename Class::type;
+template <typename Class>
+using Alias = typename Class::type_alias;
+template <typename Class>
+using Holder = typename Class::holder_type;
+
+template <typename Class>
+using is_alias_constructible = std::is_constructible<Alias<Class>, Cpp<Class> &&>;
+
+// Takes a Cpp pointer and returns true if it actually is a polymorphic Alias instance.
+template <typename Class, enable_if_t<Class::has_alias, int> = 0>
+bool is_alias(Cpp<Class> *ptr) {
+    return dynamic_cast<Alias<Class> *>(ptr) != nullptr;
+}
+// Failing fallback version of the above for a no-alias class (always returns false)
+template <typename /*Class*/>
+constexpr bool is_alias(const void *) {
+    return false;
+}
+
+// Constructs and returns a new object; if the given arguments don't map to a constructor, we fall
+// back to brace aggregate initialization so that for aggregate initialization can be used with
+// py::init, e.g.  `py::init<int, int>` to initialize a `struct T { int a; int b; }`.  For
+// non-aggregate types, we need to use an ordinary T(...) constructor (invoking as `T{...}` usually
+// works, but will not do the expected thing when `T` has an `initializer_list<T>` constructor).
+template <typename Class,
+          typename... Args,
+          detail::enable_if_t<std::is_constructible<Class, Args...>::value, int> = 0>
+inline Class *construct_or_initialize(Args &&...args) {
+    return new Class(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+}
+template <typename Class,
+          typename... Args,
+          detail::enable_if_t<!std::is_constructible<Class, Args...>::value, int> = 0>
+inline Class *construct_or_initialize(Args &&...args) {
+    return new Class{std::forward<Args>(args)...};
+}
+
+// Attempts to constructs an alias using a `Alias(Cpp &&)` constructor.  This allows types with
+// an alias to provide only a single Cpp factory function as long as the Alias can be
+// constructed from an rvalue reference of the base Cpp type.  This means that Alias classes
+// can, when appropriate, simply define a `Alias(Cpp &&)` constructor rather than needing to
+// inherit all the base class constructors.
+template <typename Class>
+void construct_alias_from_cpp(std::true_type /*is_alias_constructible*/,
+                              value_and_holder &v_h,
+                              Cpp<Class> &&base) {
+    v_h.value_ptr() = new Alias<Class>(std::move(base));
+}
+template <typename Class>
+[[noreturn]] void construct_alias_from_cpp(std::false_type /*!is_alias_constructible*/,
+                                           value_and_holder &,
+                                           Cpp<Class> &&) {
+    throw type_error("pybind11::init(): unable to convert returned instance to required "
+                     "alias class: no `Alias<Class>(Class &&)` constructor available");
+}
+
+// Error-generating fallback for factories that don't match one of the below construction
+// mechanisms.
+template <typename Class>
+void construct(...) {
+    static_assert(!std::is_same<Class, Class>::value /* always false */,
+                  "pybind11::init(): init function must return a compatible pointer, "
+                  "holder, or value");
+}
+
+// Pointer return v1: the factory function returns a class pointer for a registered class.
+// If we don't need an alias (because this class doesn't have one, or because the final type is
+// inherited on the Python side) we can simply take over ownership.  Otherwise we need to try to
+// construct an Alias from the returned base instance.
+template <typename Class>
+void construct(value_and_holder &v_h, Cpp<Class> *ptr, bool need_alias) {
+    PYBIND11_WORKAROUND_INCORRECT_MSVC_C4100(need_alias);
+    no_nullptr(ptr);
+    if (Class::has_alias && need_alias && !is_alias<Class>(ptr)) {
+        // We're going to try to construct an alias by moving the cpp type.  Whether or not
+        // that succeeds, we still need to destroy the original cpp pointer (either the
+        // moved away leftover, if the alias construction works, or the value itself if we
+        // throw an error), but we can't just call `delete ptr`: it might have a special
+        // deleter, or might be shared_from_this.  So we construct a holder around it as if
+        // it was a normal instance, then steal the holder away into a local variable; thus
+        // the holder and destruction happens when we leave the C++ scope, and the holder
+        // class gets to handle the destruction however it likes.
+        v_h.value_ptr() = ptr;
+        v_h.set_instance_registered(true); // Trick to prevent init_instance from registering it
+        // DANGER ZONE BEGIN: exceptions will leave v_h in an invalid state.
+        v_h.type->init_instance(v_h.inst, nullptr);                        // Set up the holder
+        Holder<Class> temp_holder(std::move(v_h.holder<Holder<Class>>())); // Steal the holder
+        v_h.type->dealloc(v_h); // Destroys the moved-out holder remains, resets value ptr to null
+        v_h.set_instance_registered(false);
+        // DANGER ZONE END.
+
+        construct_alias_from_cpp<Class>(is_alias_constructible<Class>{}, v_h, std::move(*ptr));
+    } else {
+        // Otherwise the type isn't inherited, so we don't need an Alias
+        v_h.value_ptr() = ptr;
+    }
+}
+
+// Pointer return v2: a factory that always returns an alias instance ptr.  We simply take over
+// ownership of the pointer.
+template <typename Class, enable_if_t<Class::has_alias, int> = 0>
+void construct(value_and_holder &v_h, Alias<Class> *alias_ptr, bool) {
+    no_nullptr(alias_ptr);
+    v_h.value_ptr() = static_cast<Cpp<Class> *>(alias_ptr);
+}
+
+// Holder return: copy its pointer, and move or copy the returned holder into the new instance's
+// holder.  This also handles types like std::shared_ptr<T> and std::unique_ptr<T> where T is a
+// derived type (through those holder's implicit conversion from derived class holder
+// constructors).
+template <typename Class, detail::enable_if_t<!is_smart_holder<Holder<Class>>::value, int> = 0>
+void construct(value_and_holder &v_h, Holder<Class> holder, bool need_alias) {
+    PYBIND11_WORKAROUND_INCORRECT_MSVC_C4100(need_alias);
+    auto *ptr = holder_helper<Holder<Class>>::get(holder);
+    no_nullptr(ptr);
+    // If we need an alias, check that the held pointer is actually an alias instance
+    if (Class::has_alias && need_alias && !is_alias<Class>(ptr)) {
+        throw type_error("pybind11::init(): construction failed: returned holder-wrapped instance "
+                         "is not an alias instance");
+    }
+
+    // Cast away constness to store in void* storage.
+    // The value_and_holder storage is fundamentally untyped (void**), so we lose
+    // const-correctness here by design. The const qualifier will be restored
+    // when the pointer is later retrieved and cast back to the original type.
+    // This explicit const_cast makes the const-removal clearly visible.
+    v_h.value_ptr() = const_cast<void *>(static_cast<const void *>(ptr));
+    v_h.type->init_instance(v_h.inst, &holder);
+}
+
+// return-by-value version 1: returning a cpp class by value.  If the class has an alias and an
+// alias is required the alias must have an `Alias(Cpp &&)` constructor so that we can construct
+// the alias from the base when needed (i.e. because of Python-side inheritance).  When we don't
+// need it, we simply move-construct the cpp value into a new instance.
+template <typename Class>
+void construct(value_and_holder &v_h, Cpp<Class> &&result, bool need_alias) {
+    PYBIND11_WORKAROUND_INCORRECT_MSVC_C4100(need_alias);
+    static_assert(is_move_constructible<Cpp<Class>>::value,
+                  "pybind11::init() return-by-value factory function requires a movable class");
+    if (Class::has_alias && need_alias) {
+        construct_alias_from_cpp<Class>(is_alias_constructible<Class>{}, v_h, std::move(result));
+    } else {
+        v_h.value_ptr() = new Cpp<Class>(std::move(result));
+    }
+}
+
+// return-by-value version 2: returning a value of the alias type itself.  We move-construct an
+// Alias instance (even if no the python-side inheritance is involved).  The is intended for
+// cases where Alias initialization is always desired.
+template <typename Class>
+void construct(value_and_holder &v_h, Alias<Class> &&result, bool) {
+    static_assert(
+        is_move_constructible<Alias<Class>>::value,
+        "pybind11::init() return-by-alias-value factory function requires a movable alias class");
+    v_h.value_ptr() = new Alias<Class>(std::move(result));
+}
+
+template <typename T, typename D>
+smart_holder init_smart_holder_from_unique_ptr(std::unique_ptr<T, D> &&unq_ptr,
+                                               bool void_cast_raw_ptr) {
+    void *void_ptr = void_cast_raw_ptr ? static_cast<void *>(unq_ptr.get()) : nullptr;
+    return smart_holder::from_unique_ptr(std::move(unq_ptr), void_ptr);
+}
+
+template <typename Class,
+          typename D = std::default_delete<Cpp<Class>>,
+          detail::enable_if_t<is_smart_holder<Holder<Class>>::value, int> = 0>
+void construct(value_and_holder &v_h, std::unique_ptr<Cpp<Class>, D> &&unq_ptr, bool need_alias) {
+    PYBIND11_WORKAROUND_INCORRECT_MSVC_C4100(need_alias);
+    auto *ptr = unq_ptr.get();
+    no_nullptr(ptr);
+    if (Class::has_alias && need_alias && !is_alias<Class>(ptr)) {
+        throw type_error("pybind11::init(): construction failed: returned std::unique_ptr pointee "
+                         "is not an alias instance");
+    }
+    // Here and below: if the new object is a trampoline, the shared_from_this mechanism needs
+    // to be prevented from accessing the smart_holder vptr, because it does not keep the
+    // trampoline Python object alive. For types that don't inherit from enable_shared_from_this
+    // it does not matter if void_cast_raw_ptr is true or false, therefore it's not necessary
+    // to also inspect the type.
+    auto smhldr = init_smart_holder_from_unique_ptr(
+        std::move(unq_ptr), /*void_cast_raw_ptr*/ Class::has_alias && is_alias<Class>(ptr));
+    v_h.value_ptr() = ptr;
+    v_h.type->init_instance(v_h.inst, &smhldr);
+}
+
+template <typename Class,
+          typename D = std::default_delete<Alias<Class>>,
+          detail::enable_if_t<is_smart_holder<Holder<Class>>::value, int> = 0>
+void construct(value_and_holder &v_h,
+               std::unique_ptr<Alias<Class>, D> &&unq_ptr,
+               bool /*need_alias*/) {
+    auto *ptr = unq_ptr.get();
+    no_nullptr(ptr);
+    auto smhldr
+        = init_smart_holder_from_unique_ptr(std::move(unq_ptr), /*void_cast_raw_ptr*/ true);
+    v_h.value_ptr() = ptr;
+    v_h.type->init_instance(v_h.inst, &smhldr);
+}
+
+template <typename PtrType, typename Class>
+void construct_from_shared_ptr(value_and_holder &v_h,
+                               std::shared_ptr<PtrType> &&shd_ptr,
+                               bool need_alias) {
+    static_assert(std::is_same<PtrType, Cpp<Class>>::value
+                      || std::is_same<PtrType, const Cpp<Class>>::value,
+                  "Expected (const) Cpp<Class> as shared_ptr pointee");
+    auto *ptr = shd_ptr.get();
+    no_nullptr(ptr);
+    if (Class::has_alias && need_alias && !is_alias<Class>(ptr)) {
+        throw type_error("pybind11::init(): construction failed: returned std::shared_ptr pointee "
+                         "is not an alias instance");
+    }
+    // Cast to non-const if needed, consistent with internal design
+    auto smhldr
+        = smart_holder::from_shared_ptr(std::const_pointer_cast<Cpp<Class>>(std::move(shd_ptr)));
+    v_h.value_ptr() = const_cast<Cpp<Class> *>(ptr);
+    v_h.type->init_instance(v_h.inst, &smhldr);
+}
+
+template <typename Class, detail::enable_if_t<is_smart_holder<Holder<Class>>::value, int> = 0>
+void construct(value_and_holder &v_h, std::shared_ptr<Cpp<Class>> &&shd_ptr, bool need_alias) {
+    construct_from_shared_ptr<Cpp<Class>, Class>(v_h, std::move(shd_ptr), need_alias);
+}
+
+template <typename Class, detail::enable_if_t<is_smart_holder<Holder<Class>>::value, int> = 0>
+void construct(value_and_holder &v_h,
+               std::shared_ptr<const Cpp<Class>> &&shd_ptr,
+               bool need_alias) {
+    construct_from_shared_ptr<const Cpp<Class>, Class>(v_h, std::move(shd_ptr), need_alias);
+}
+
+template <typename Class, detail::enable_if_t<is_smart_holder<Holder<Class>>::value, int> = 0>
+void construct(value_and_holder &v_h,
+               std::shared_ptr<Alias<Class>> &&shd_ptr,
+               bool /*need_alias*/) {
+    auto *ptr = shd_ptr.get();
+    no_nullptr(ptr);
+    auto smhldr = smart_holder::from_shared_ptr(shd_ptr);
+    v_h.value_ptr() = ptr;
+    v_h.type->init_instance(v_h.inst, &smhldr);
+}
+
+// Implementing class for py::init<...>()
+template <typename... Args>
+struct constructor {
+    template <typename Class, typename... Extra, enable_if_t<!Class::has_alias, int> = 0>
+    static void execute(Class &cl, const Extra &...extra) {
+        cl.def(
+            "__init__",
+            [](value_and_holder &v_h,
+               Args... args) { // NOLINT(performance-unnecessary-value-param)
+                v_h.value_ptr() = construct_or_initialize<Cpp<Class>>(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+            },
+            is_new_style_constructor(),
+            extra...);
+    }
+
+    template <
+        typename Class,
+        typename... Extra,
+        enable_if_t<Class::has_alias && std::is_constructible<Cpp<Class>, Args...>::value, int>
+        = 0>
+    static void execute(Class &cl, const Extra &...extra) {
+        cl.def(
+            "__init__",
+            [](value_and_holder &v_h, Args... args) {
+                if (Py_TYPE(v_h.inst) == v_h.type->type) {
+                    v_h.value_ptr()
+                        = construct_or_initialize<Cpp<Class>>(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+                } else {
+                    v_h.value_ptr()
+                        = construct_or_initialize<Alias<Class>>(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+                }
+            },
+            is_new_style_constructor(),
+            extra...);
+    }
+
+    template <
+        typename Class,
+        typename... Extra,
+        enable_if_t<Class::has_alias && !std::is_constructible<Cpp<Class>, Args...>::value, int>
+        = 0>
+    static void execute(Class &cl, const Extra &...extra) {
+        cl.def(
+            "__init__",
+            [](value_and_holder &v_h, Args... args) {
+                v_h.value_ptr()
+                    = construct_or_initialize<Alias<Class>>(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+            },
+            is_new_style_constructor(),
+            extra...);
+    }
+};
+
+// Implementing class for py::init_alias<...>()
+template <typename... Args>
+struct alias_constructor {
+    template <
+        typename Class,
+        typename... Extra,
+        enable_if_t<Class::has_alias && std::is_constructible<Alias<Class>, Args...>::value, int>
+        = 0>
+    static void execute(Class &cl, const Extra &...extra) {
+        cl.def(
+            "__init__",
+            [](value_and_holder &v_h, Args... args) {
+                v_h.value_ptr()
+                    = construct_or_initialize<Alias<Class>>(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+            },
+            is_new_style_constructor(),
+            extra...);
+    }
+};
+
+// Implementation class for py::init(Func) and py::init(Func, AliasFunc)
+template <typename CFunc,
+          typename AFunc = void_type (*)(),
+          typename = function_signature_t<CFunc>,
+          typename = function_signature_t<AFunc>>
+struct factory;
+
+// Specialization for py::init(Func)
+template <typename Func, typename Return, typename... Args>
+struct factory<Func, void_type (*)(), Return(Args...)> {
+    remove_reference_t<Func> class_factory;
+
+    // NOLINTNEXTLINE(google-explicit-constructor)
+    factory(Func &&f) : class_factory(std::forward<Func>(f)) {}
+
+    // The given class either has no alias or has no separate alias factory;
+    // this always constructs the class itself.  If the class is registered with an alias
+    // type and an alias instance is needed (i.e. because the final type is a Python class
+    // inheriting from the C++ type) the returned value needs to either already be an alias
+    // instance, or the alias needs to be constructible from a `Class &&` argument.
+    template <typename Class, typename... Extra>
+    void execute(Class &cl, const Extra &...extra) && {
+#if defined(PYBIND11_CPP14)
+        cl.def(
+            "__init__",
+            [func = std::move(class_factory)]
+#else
+        auto &func = class_factory;
+        cl.def(
+            "__init__",
+            [func]
+#endif
+            (value_and_holder &v_h, Args... args) {
+                construct<Class>(
+                    v_h, func(std::forward<Args>(args)...), Py_TYPE(v_h.inst) != v_h.type->type);
+            },
+            is_new_style_constructor(),
+            extra...);
+    }
+};
+
+// Specialization for py::init(Func, AliasFunc)
+template <typename CFunc,
+          typename AFunc,
+          typename CReturn,
+          typename... CArgs,
+          typename AReturn,
+          typename... AArgs>
+struct factory<CFunc, AFunc, CReturn(CArgs...), AReturn(AArgs...)> {
+    static_assert(sizeof...(CArgs) == sizeof...(AArgs),
+                  "pybind11::init(class_factory, alias_factory): class and alias factories "
+                  "must have identical argument signatures");
+    static_assert(all_of<std::is_same<CArgs, AArgs>...>::value,
+                  "pybind11::init(class_factory, alias_factory): class and alias factories "
+                  "must have identical argument signatures");
+
+    remove_reference_t<CFunc> class_factory;
+    remove_reference_t<AFunc> alias_factory;
+
+    factory(CFunc &&c, AFunc &&a)
+        : class_factory(std::forward<CFunc>(c)), alias_factory(std::forward<AFunc>(a)) {}
+
+    // The class factory is called when the `self` type passed to `__init__` is the direct
+    // class (i.e. not inherited), the alias factory when `self` is a Python-side subtype.
+    template <typename Class, typename... Extra>
+    void execute(Class &cl, const Extra &...extra) && {
+        static_assert(Class::has_alias,
+                      "The two-argument version of `py::init()` can "
+                      "only be used if the class has an alias");
+#if defined(PYBIND11_CPP14)
+        cl.def(
+            "__init__",
+            [class_func = std::move(class_factory), alias_func = std::move(alias_factory)]
+#else
+        auto &class_func = class_factory;
+        auto &alias_func = alias_factory;
+        cl.def(
+            "__init__",
+            [class_func, alias_func]
+#endif
+            (value_and_holder &v_h, CArgs... args) {
+                if (Py_TYPE(v_h.inst) == v_h.type->type) {
+                    // If the instance type equals the registered type we don't have inheritance,
+                    // so don't need the alias and can construct using the class function:
+                    construct<Class>(v_h, class_func(std::forward<CArgs>(args)...), false);
+                } else {
+                    construct<Class>(v_h, alias_func(std::forward<CArgs>(args)...), true);
+                }
+            },
+            is_new_style_constructor(),
+            extra...);
+    }
+};
+
+/// Set just the C++ state. Same as `__init__`.
+template <typename Class, typename T>
+void setstate(value_and_holder &v_h, T &&result, bool need_alias) {
+    construct<Class>(v_h, std::forward<T>(result), need_alias);
+}
+
+/// Set both the C++ and Python states
+template <typename Class,
+          typename T,
+          typename O,
+          enable_if_t<std::is_convertible<O, handle>::value, int> = 0>
+void setstate(value_and_holder &v_h, std::pair<T, O> &&result, bool need_alias) {
+    construct<Class>(v_h, std::move(result.first), need_alias);
+    auto d = handle(result.second);
+    if (PyDict_Check(d.ptr()) && PyDict_Size(d.ptr()) == 0) {
+        // Skipping setattr below, to not force use of py::dynamic_attr() for Class unnecessarily.
+        // See PR #2972 for details.
+        return;
+    }
+    // Our tests never run into an unset dict, but being careful here for now (see #5658)
+    auto dict = getattr((PyObject *) v_h.inst, "__dict__", none());
+    if (dict.is_none()) {
+        setattr((PyObject *) v_h.inst, "__dict__", d);
+    } else {
+        // Keep the original object dict and just update it
+        if (PyDict_Update(dict.ptr(), d.ptr()) < 0) {
+            throw error_already_set();
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Implementation for py::pickle(GetState, SetState)
+template <typename Get,
+          typename Set,
+          typename = function_signature_t<Get>,
+          typename = function_signature_t<Set>>
+struct pickle_factory;
+
+template <typename Get,
+          typename Set,
+          typename RetState,
+          typename Self,
+          typename NewInstance,
+          typename ArgState>
+struct pickle_factory<Get, Set, RetState(Self), NewInstance(ArgState)> {
+    static_assert(std::is_same<intrinsic_t<RetState>, intrinsic_t<ArgState>>::value,
+                  "The type returned by `__getstate__` must be the same "
+                  "as the argument accepted by `__setstate__`");
+
+    remove_reference_t<Get> get;
+    remove_reference_t<Set> set;
+
+    pickle_factory(Get get, Set set) : get(std::forward<Get>(get)), set(std::forward<Set>(set)) {}
+
+    template <typename Class, typename... Extra>
+    void execute(Class &cl, const Extra &...extra) && {
+        cl.def("__getstate__", std::move(get), pos_only());
+
+#if defined(PYBIND11_CPP14)
+        cl.def(
+            "__setstate__",
+            [func = std::move(set)]
+#else
+        auto &func = set;
+        cl.def(
+            "__setstate__",
+            [func]
+#endif
+            (value_and_holder &v_h, ArgState state) {
+                setstate<Class>(
+                    v_h, func(std::forward<ArgState>(state)), Py_TYPE(v_h.inst) != v_h.type->type);
+            },
+            is_new_style_constructor(),
+            extra...);
+    }
+};
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_END(initimpl)
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_END(detail)
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_END(PYBIND11_NAMESPACE)

deps_src/pybind11/include/pybind11/detail/internals.h

@@ -0,0 +1,799 @@
+/*
+    pybind11/detail/internals.h: Internal data structure and related functions
+
+    Copyright (c) 2017 Wenzel Jakob <wenzel.jakob@epfl.ch>
+
+    All rights reserved. Use of this source code is governed by a
+    BSD-style license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+*/
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <pybind11/conduit/pybind11_platform_abi_id.h>
+#include <pybind11/gil_simple.h>
+#include <pybind11/pytypes.h>
+#include <pybind11/trampoline_self_life_support.h>
+
+#include "common.h"
+#include "struct_smart_holder.h"
+
+#include <atomic>
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <exception>
+#include <limits>
+#include <mutex>
+#include <thread>
+
+/// Tracks the `internals` and `type_info` ABI version independent of the main library version.
+///
+/// Some portions of the code use an ABI that is conditional depending on this
+/// version number.  That allows ABI-breaking changes to be "pre-implemented".
+/// Once the default version number is incremented, the conditional logic that
+/// no longer applies can be removed.  Additionally, users that need not
+/// maintain ABI compatibility can increase the version number in order to take
+/// advantage of any functionality/efficiency improvements that depend on the
+/// newer ABI.
+///
+/// WARNING: If you choose to manually increase the ABI version, note that
+/// pybind11 may not be tested as thoroughly with a non-default ABI version, and
+/// further ABI-incompatible changes may be made before the ABI is officially
+/// changed to the new version.
+#ifndef PYBIND11_INTERNALS_VERSION
+#    define PYBIND11_INTERNALS_VERSION 11
+#endif
+
+#if PYBIND11_INTERNALS_VERSION < 11
+#    error "PYBIND11_INTERNALS_VERSION 11 is the minimum for all platforms for pybind11v3."
+#endif
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_BEGIN(PYBIND11_NAMESPACE)
+
+using ExceptionTranslator = void (*)(std::exception_ptr);
+
+// The old Python Thread Local Storage (TLS) API is deprecated in Python 3.7 in favor of the new
+// Thread Specific Storage (TSS) API.
+// Avoid unnecessary allocation of `Py_tss_t`, since we cannot use
+// `Py_LIMITED_API` anyway.
+#define PYBIND11_TLS_KEY_REF Py_tss_t &
+#if defined(__clang__)
+#    define PYBIND11_TLS_KEY_INIT(var)                                                            \
+        _Pragma("clang diagnostic push")                                         /**/             \
+            _Pragma("clang diagnostic ignored \"-Wmissing-field-initializers\"") /**/             \
+            Py_tss_t var                                                                          \
+            = Py_tss_NEEDS_INIT;                                                                  \
+        _Pragma("clang diagnostic pop")
+#elif defined(__GNUC__) && !defined(__INTEL_COMPILER)
+#    define PYBIND11_TLS_KEY_INIT(var)                                                            \
+        _Pragma("GCC diagnostic push")                                         /**/               \
+            _Pragma("GCC diagnostic ignored \"-Wmissing-field-initializers\"") /**/               \
+            Py_tss_t var                                                                          \
+            = Py_tss_NEEDS_INIT;                                                                  \
+        _Pragma("GCC diagnostic pop")
+#else
+#    define PYBIND11_TLS_KEY_INIT(var) Py_tss_t var = Py_tss_NEEDS_INIT;
+#endif
+#define PYBIND11_TLS_KEY_CREATE(var) (PyThread_tss_create(&(var)) == 0)
+#define PYBIND11_TLS_GET_VALUE(key) PyThread_tss_get(&(key))
+#define PYBIND11_TLS_REPLACE_VALUE(key, value) PyThread_tss_set(&(key), (value))
+#define PYBIND11_TLS_DELETE_VALUE(key) PyThread_tss_set(&(key), nullptr)
+#define PYBIND11_TLS_FREE(key) PyThread_tss_delete(&(key))
+
+/// A smart-pointer-like wrapper around a thread-specific value. get/set of the pointer applies to
+/// the current thread only.
+template <typename T>
+class thread_specific_storage {
+public:
+    thread_specific_storage() {
+        // NOLINTNEXTLINE(bugprone-assignment-in-if-condition)
+        if (!PYBIND11_TLS_KEY_CREATE(key_)) {
+            pybind11_fail(
+                "thread_specific_storage constructor: could not initialize the TSS key!");
+        }
+    }
+
+    ~thread_specific_storage() {
+        // This destructor is often called *after* Py_Finalize(). That *SHOULD BE* fine on most
+        // platforms. The following details what happens when PyThread_tss_free is called in
+        // CPython. PYBIND11_TLS_FREE is PyThread_tss_free on python 3.7+. On older python, it does
+        // nothing. PyThread_tss_free calls PyThread_tss_delete and PyMem_RawFree.
+        // PyThread_tss_delete just calls TlsFree (on Windows) or pthread_key_delete (on *NIX).
+        // Neither of those have anything to do with CPython internals. PyMem_RawFree *requires*
+        // that the `key` be allocated with the CPython allocator (as it is by
+        // PyThread_tss_create).
+        // However, in GraalPy (as of v24.2 or older), TSS is implemented by Java and this call
+        // requires a living Python interpreter.
+#ifdef GRAALVM_PYTHON
+        if (!Py_IsInitialized() || _Py_IsFinalizing()) {
+            return;
+        }
+#endif
+        PYBIND11_TLS_FREE(key_);
+    }
+
+    thread_specific_storage(thread_specific_storage const &) = delete;
+    thread_specific_storage(thread_specific_storage &&) = delete;
+    thread_specific_storage &operator=(thread_specific_storage const &) = delete;
+    thread_specific_storage &operator=(thread_specific_storage &&) = delete;
+
+    T *get() const { return reinterpret_cast<T *>(PYBIND11_TLS_GET_VALUE(key_)); }
+
+    T &operator*() const { return *get(); }
+    explicit operator T *() const { return get(); }
+    explicit operator bool() const { return get() != nullptr; }
+
+    void set(T *val) { PYBIND11_TLS_REPLACE_VALUE(key_, reinterpret_cast<void *>(val)); }
+    void reset(T *p = nullptr) { set(p); }
+    thread_specific_storage &operator=(T *pval) {
+        set(pval);
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+private:
+    PYBIND11_TLS_KEY_INIT(mutable key_)
+};
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_BEGIN(detail)
+
+// This does NOT actually exist as a module.
+#define PYBIND11_DUMMY_MODULE_NAME "pybind11_builtins"
+
+// Forward declarations
+inline PyTypeObject *make_static_property_type();
+inline PyTypeObject *make_default_metaclass();
+inline PyObject *make_object_base_type(PyTypeObject *metaclass);
+inline void translate_exception(std::exception_ptr p);
+
+// Python loads modules by default with dlopen with the RTLD_LOCAL flag; under libc++ and possibly
+// other STLs, this means `typeid(A)` from one module won't equal `typeid(A)` from another module
+// even when `A` is the same, non-hidden-visibility type (e.g. from a common include).  Under
+// libstdc++, this doesn't happen: equality and the type_index hash are based on the type name,
+// which works.  If not under a known-good stl, provide our own name-based hash and equality
+// functions that use the type name.
+#if !defined(_LIBCPP_VERSION)
+inline bool same_type(const std::type_info &lhs, const std::type_info &rhs) { return lhs == rhs; }
+using type_hash = std::hash<std::type_index>;
+using type_equal_to = std::equal_to<std::type_index>;
+#else
+inline bool same_type(const std::type_info &lhs, const std::type_info &rhs) {
+    return lhs.name() == rhs.name() || std::strcmp(lhs.name(), rhs.name()) == 0;
+}
+
+struct type_hash {
+    size_t operator()(const std::type_index &t) const {
+        size_t hash = 5381;
+        const char *ptr = t.name();
+        while (auto c = static_cast<unsigned char>(*ptr++)) {
+            hash = (hash * 33) ^ c;
+        }
+        return hash;
+    }
+};
+
+struct type_equal_to {
+    bool operator()(const std::type_index &lhs, const std::type_index &rhs) const {
+        return lhs.name() == rhs.name() || std::strcmp(lhs.name(), rhs.name()) == 0;
+    }
+};
+#endif
+
+template <typename value_type>
+using type_map = std::unordered_map<std::type_index, value_type, type_hash, type_equal_to>;
+
+struct override_hash {
+    inline size_t operator()(const std::pair<const PyObject *, const char *> &v) const {
+        size_t value = std::hash<const void *>()(v.first);
+        value ^= std::hash<const void *>()(v.second) + 0x9e3779b9 + (value << 6) + (value >> 2);
+        return value;
+    }
+};
+
+using instance_map = std::unordered_multimap<const void *, instance *>;
+
+#ifdef Py_GIL_DISABLED
+// Wrapper around PyMutex to provide BasicLockable semantics
+class pymutex {
+    PyMutex mutex;
+
+public:
+    pymutex() : mutex({}) {}
+    void lock() { PyMutex_Lock(&mutex); }
+    void unlock() { PyMutex_Unlock(&mutex); }
+};
+
+// Instance map shards are used to reduce mutex contention in free-threaded Python.
+struct instance_map_shard {
+    instance_map registered_instances;
+    pymutex mutex;
+    // alignas(64) would be better, but causes compile errors in macOS before 10.14 (see #5200)
+    char padding[64 - (sizeof(instance_map) + sizeof(pymutex)) % 64];
+};
+
+static_assert(sizeof(instance_map_shard) % 64 == 0,
+              "instance_map_shard size is not a multiple of 64 bytes");
+
+inline uint64_t round_up_to_next_pow2(uint64_t x) {
+    // Round-up to the next power of two.
+    // See https://graphics.stanford.edu/~seander/bithacks.html#RoundUpPowerOf2
+    x--;
+    x |= (x >> 1);
+    x |= (x >> 2);
+    x |= (x >> 4);
+    x |= (x >> 8);
+    x |= (x >> 16);
+    x |= (x >> 32);
+    x++;
+    return x;
+}
+#endif
+
+class loader_life_support;
+
+/// Internal data structure used to track registered instances and types.
+/// Whenever binary incompatible changes are made to this structure,
+/// `PYBIND11_INTERNALS_VERSION` must be incremented.
+struct internals {
+#ifdef Py_GIL_DISABLED
+    pymutex mutex;
+    pymutex exception_translator_mutex;
+#endif
+    // std::type_index -> pybind11's type information
+    type_map<type_info *> registered_types_cpp;
+    // PyTypeObject* -> base type_info(s)
+    std::unordered_map<PyTypeObject *, std::vector<type_info *>> registered_types_py;
+#ifdef Py_GIL_DISABLED
+    std::unique_ptr<instance_map_shard[]> instance_shards; // void * -> instance*
+    size_t instance_shards_mask = 0;
+#else
+    instance_map registered_instances; // void * -> instance*
+#endif
+    std::unordered_set<std::pair<const PyObject *, const char *>, override_hash>
+        inactive_override_cache;
+    type_map<std::vector<bool (*)(PyObject *, void *&)>> direct_conversions;
+    std::unordered_map<const PyObject *, std::vector<PyObject *>> patients;
+    std::forward_list<ExceptionTranslator> registered_exception_translators;
+    std::unordered_map<std::string, void *> shared_data; // Custom data to be shared across
+                                                         // extensions
+    std::forward_list<std::string> static_strings;       // Stores the std::strings backing
+                                                         // detail::c_str()
+    PyTypeObject *static_property_type = nullptr;
+    PyTypeObject *default_metaclass = nullptr;
+    PyObject *instance_base = nullptr;
+    // Unused if PYBIND11_SIMPLE_GIL_MANAGEMENT is defined:
+    thread_specific_storage<PyThreadState> tstate;
+    thread_specific_storage<loader_life_support> loader_life_support_tls;
+    // Unused if PYBIND11_SIMPLE_GIL_MANAGEMENT is defined:
+    PyInterpreterState *istate = nullptr;
+
+    type_map<PyObject *> native_enum_type_map;
+
+    internals()
+        : static_property_type(make_static_property_type()),
+          default_metaclass(make_default_metaclass()) {
+        PyThreadState *cur_tstate = PyThreadState_Get();
+        tstate = cur_tstate;
+
+        istate = cur_tstate->interp;
+        registered_exception_translators.push_front(&translate_exception);
+#ifdef Py_GIL_DISABLED
+        // Scale proportional to the number of cores. 2x is a heuristic to reduce contention.
+        // Make sure the number isn't unreasonable by limiting it to 16 bits (65K)
+        auto num_shards = static_cast<std::uint16_t>(
+            std::min<std::size_t>(round_up_to_next_pow2(2 * std::thread::hardware_concurrency()),
+                                  std::numeric_limits<std::uint16_t>::max()));
+        if (num_shards == 0) {
+            num_shards = 1;
+        }
+        instance_shards.reset(new instance_map_shard[num_shards]);
+        instance_shards_mask = num_shards - 1;
+#endif
+    }
+    internals(const internals &other) = delete;
+    internals(internals &&other) = delete;
+    internals &operator=(const internals &other) = delete;
+    internals &operator=(internals &&other) = delete;
+    ~internals() = default;
+};
+
+// the internals struct (above) is shared between all the modules. local_internals are only
+// for a single module. Any changes made to internals may require an update to
+// PYBIND11_INTERNALS_VERSION, breaking backwards compatibility. local_internals is, by design,
+// restricted to a single module. Whether a module has local internals or not should not
+// impact any other modules, because the only things accessing the local internals is the
+// module that contains them.
+struct local_internals {
+    type_map<type_info *> registered_types_cpp;
+    std::forward_list<ExceptionTranslator> registered_exception_translators;
+    PyTypeObject *function_record_py_type = nullptr;
+};
+
+enum class holder_enum_t : uint8_t {
+    undefined,
+    std_unique_ptr, // Default, lacking interop with std::shared_ptr.
+    std_shared_ptr, // Lacking interop with std::unique_ptr.
+    smart_holder,   // Full std::unique_ptr / std::shared_ptr interop.
+    custom_holder,
+};
+
+/// Additional type information which does not fit into the PyTypeObject.
+/// Changes to this struct also require bumping `PYBIND11_INTERNALS_VERSION`.
+struct type_info {
+    PyTypeObject *type;
+    const std::type_info *cpptype;
+    size_t type_size, type_align, holder_size_in_ptrs;
+    void *(*operator_new)(size_t);
+    void (*init_instance)(instance *, const void *);
+    void (*dealloc)(value_and_holder &v_h);
+
+    // Cross-DSO-safe function pointers, to sidestep cross-DSO RTTI issues
+    // on platforms like macOS (see PR #5728 for details):
+    memory::get_guarded_delete_fn get_memory_guarded_delete = memory::get_guarded_delete;
+    get_trampoline_self_life_support_fn get_trampoline_self_life_support = nullptr;
+
+    std::vector<PyObject *(*) (PyObject *, PyTypeObject *)> implicit_conversions;
+    std::vector<std::pair<const std::type_info *, void *(*) (void *)>> implicit_casts;
+    std::vector<bool (*)(PyObject *, void *&)> *direct_conversions;
+    buffer_info *(*get_buffer)(PyObject *, void *) = nullptr;
+    void *get_buffer_data = nullptr;
+    void *(*module_local_load)(PyObject *, const type_info *) = nullptr;
+    holder_enum_t holder_enum_v = holder_enum_t::undefined;
+    /* A simple type never occurs as a (direct or indirect) parent
+     * of a class that makes use of multiple inheritance.
+     * A type can be simple even if it has non-simple ancestors as long as it has no descendants.
+     */
+    bool simple_type : 1;
+    /* True if there is no multiple inheritance in this type's inheritance tree */
+    bool simple_ancestors : 1;
+    /* true if this is a type registered with py::module_local */
+    bool module_local : 1;
+};
+
+#define PYBIND11_INTERNALS_ID                                                                     \
+    "__pybind11_internals_v" PYBIND11_TOSTRING(PYBIND11_INTERNALS_VERSION)                        \
+        PYBIND11_COMPILER_TYPE_LEADING_UNDERSCORE PYBIND11_PLATFORM_ABI_ID "__"
+
+#define PYBIND11_MODULE_LOCAL_ID                                                                  \
+    "__pybind11_module_local_v" PYBIND11_TOSTRING(PYBIND11_INTERNALS_VERSION)                     \
+        PYBIND11_COMPILER_TYPE_LEADING_UNDERSCORE PYBIND11_PLATFORM_ABI_ID "__"
+
+inline PyThreadState *get_thread_state_unchecked() {
+#if defined(PYPY_VERSION) || defined(GRAALVM_PYTHON)
+    return PyThreadState_GET();
+#elif PY_VERSION_HEX < 0x030D0000
+    return _PyThreadState_UncheckedGet();
+#else
+    return PyThreadState_GetUnchecked();
+#endif
+}
+
+/// We use this counter to figure out if there are or have been multiple subinterpreters active at
+/// any point. This must never decrease while any interpreter may be running in any thread!
+inline std::atomic<int> &get_num_interpreters_seen() {
+    static std::atomic<int> counter(0);
+    return counter;
+}
+
+template <class T,
+          enable_if_t<std::is_same<std::nested_exception, remove_cvref_t<T>>::value, int> = 0>
+bool handle_nested_exception(const T &exc, const std::exception_ptr &p) {
+    std::exception_ptr nested = exc.nested_ptr();
+    if (nested != nullptr && nested != p) {
+        translate_exception(nested);
+        return true;
+    }
+    return false;
+}
+
+template <class T,
+          enable_if_t<!std::is_same<std::nested_exception, remove_cvref_t<T>>::value, int> = 0>
+bool handle_nested_exception(const T &exc, const std::exception_ptr &p) {
+    if (const auto *nep = dynamic_cast<const std::nested_exception *>(std::addressof(exc))) {
+        return handle_nested_exception(*nep, p);
+    }
+    return false;
+}
+
+inline bool raise_err(PyObject *exc_type, const char *msg) {
+    if (PyErr_Occurred()) {
+        raise_from(exc_type, msg);
+        return true;
+    }
+    set_error(exc_type, msg);
+    return false;
+}
+
+inline void translate_exception(std::exception_ptr p) {
+    if (!p) {
+        return;
+    }
+    try {
+        std::rethrow_exception(p);
+    } catch (error_already_set &e) {
+        handle_nested_exception(e, p);
+        e.restore();
+        return;
+    } catch (const builtin_exception &e) {
+        // Could not use template since it's an abstract class.
+        if (const auto *nep = dynamic_cast<const std::nested_exception *>(std::addressof(e))) {
+            handle_nested_exception(*nep, p);
+        }
+        e.set_error();
+        return;
+    } catch (const std::bad_alloc &e) {
+        handle_nested_exception(e, p);
+        raise_err(PyExc_MemoryError, e.what());
+        return;
+    } catch (const std::domain_error &e) {
+        handle_nested_exception(e, p);
+        raise_err(PyExc_ValueError, e.what());
+        return;
+    } catch (const std::invalid_argument &e) {
+        handle_nested_exception(e, p);
+        raise_err(PyExc_ValueError, e.what());
+        return;
+    } catch (const std::length_error &e) {
+        handle_nested_exception(e, p);
+        raise_err(PyExc_ValueError, e.what());
+        return;
+    } catch (const std::out_of_range &e) {
+        handle_nested_exception(e, p);
+        raise_err(PyExc_IndexError, e.what());
+        return;
+    } catch (const std::range_error &e) {
+        handle_nested_exception(e, p);
+        raise_err(PyExc_ValueError, e.what());
+        return;
+    } catch (const std::overflow_error &e) {
+        handle_nested_exception(e, p);
+        raise_err(PyExc_OverflowError, e.what());
+        return;
+    } catch (const std::exception &e) {
+        handle_nested_exception(e, p);
+        raise_err(PyExc_RuntimeError, e.what());
+        return;
+    } catch (const std::nested_exception &e) {
+        handle_nested_exception(e, p);
+        raise_err(PyExc_RuntimeError, "Caught an unknown nested exception!");
+        return;
+    } catch (...) {
+        raise_err(PyExc_RuntimeError, "Caught an unknown exception!");
+        return;
+    }
+}
+
+#if !defined(__GLIBCXX__)
+inline void translate_local_exception(std::exception_ptr p) {
+    try {
+        if (p) {
+            std::rethrow_exception(p);
+        }
+    } catch (error_already_set &e) {
+        e.restore();
+        return;
+    } catch (const builtin_exception &e) {
+        e.set_error();
+        return;
+    }
+}
+#endif
+
+inline object get_python_state_dict() {
+    object state_dict;
+#if defined(PYPY_VERSION) || defined(GRAALVM_PYTHON)
+    state_dict = reinterpret_borrow<object>(PyEval_GetBuiltins());
+#else
+#    if PY_VERSION_HEX < 0x03090000
+    PyInterpreterState *istate = _PyInterpreterState_Get();
+#    else
+    PyInterpreterState *istate = PyInterpreterState_Get();
+#    endif
+    if (istate) {
+        state_dict = reinterpret_borrow<object>(PyInterpreterState_GetDict(istate));
+    }
+#endif
+    if (!state_dict) {
+        raise_from(PyExc_SystemError, "pybind11::detail::get_python_state_dict() FAILED");
+        throw error_already_set();
+    }
+    return state_dict;
+}
+
+template <typename InternalsType>
+class internals_pp_manager {
+public:
+    using on_fetch_function = void(InternalsType *);
+    internals_pp_manager(char const *id, on_fetch_function *on_fetch)
+        : holder_id_(id), on_fetch_(on_fetch) {}
+
+    /// Get the current pointer-to-pointer, allocating it if it does not already exist.  May
+    /// acquire the GIL. Will never return nullptr.
+    std::unique_ptr<InternalsType> *get_pp() {
+#ifdef PYBIND11_HAS_SUBINTERPRETER_SUPPORT
+        if (get_num_interpreters_seen() > 1) {
+            // Whenever the interpreter changes on the current thread we need to invalidate the
+            // internals_pp so that it can be pulled from the interpreter's state dict.  That is
+            // slow, so we use the current PyThreadState to check if it is necessary.
+            auto *tstate = get_thread_state_unchecked();
+            if (!tstate || tstate->interp != last_istate_.get()) {
+                gil_scoped_acquire_simple gil;
+                if (!tstate) {
+                    tstate = get_thread_state_unchecked();
+                }
+                last_istate_ = tstate->interp;
+                internals_tls_p_ = get_or_create_pp_in_state_dict();
+            }
+            return internals_tls_p_.get();
+        }
+#endif
+        if (!internals_singleton_pp_) {
+            gil_scoped_acquire_simple gil;
+            internals_singleton_pp_ = get_or_create_pp_in_state_dict();
+        }
+        return internals_singleton_pp_;
+    }
+
+    /// Drop all the references we're currently holding.
+    void unref() {
+#ifdef PYBIND11_HAS_SUBINTERPRETER_SUPPORT
+        if (get_num_interpreters_seen() > 1) {
+            last_istate_.reset();
+            internals_tls_p_.reset();
+            return;
+        }
+#endif
+        internals_singleton_pp_ = nullptr;
+    }
+
+    void destroy() {
+#ifdef PYBIND11_HAS_SUBINTERPRETER_SUPPORT
+        if (get_num_interpreters_seen() > 1) {
+            auto *tstate = get_thread_state_unchecked();
+            // this could be called without an active interpreter, just use what was cached
+            if (!tstate || tstate->interp == last_istate_.get()) {
+                auto tpp = internals_tls_p_.get();
+                if (tpp) {
+                    delete tpp;
+                }
+            }
+            unref();
+            return;
+        }
+#endif
+        delete internals_singleton_pp_;
+        unref();
+    }
+
+private:
+    std::unique_ptr<InternalsType> *get_or_create_pp_in_state_dict() {
+        error_scope err_scope;
+        dict state_dict = get_python_state_dict();
+        auto internals_obj
+            = reinterpret_steal<object>(dict_getitemstringref(state_dict.ptr(), holder_id_));
+        std::unique_ptr<InternalsType> *pp = nullptr;
+        if (internals_obj) {
+            void *raw_ptr = PyCapsule_GetPointer(internals_obj.ptr(), /*name=*/nullptr);
+            if (!raw_ptr) {
+                raise_from(PyExc_SystemError,
+                           "pybind11::detail::internals_pp_manager::get_pp_from_dict() FAILED");
+                throw error_already_set();
+            }
+            pp = reinterpret_cast<std::unique_ptr<InternalsType> *>(raw_ptr);
+            if (on_fetch_ && pp) {
+                on_fetch_(pp->get());
+            }
+        } else {
+            pp = new std::unique_ptr<InternalsType>;
+            // NOLINTNEXTLINE(bugprone-casting-through-void)
+            state_dict[holder_id_] = capsule(reinterpret_cast<void *>(pp));
+        }
+        return pp;
+    }
+
+    char const *holder_id_ = nullptr;
+    on_fetch_function *on_fetch_ = nullptr;
+#ifdef PYBIND11_HAS_SUBINTERPRETER_SUPPORT
+    thread_specific_storage<PyInterpreterState> last_istate_;
+    thread_specific_storage<std::unique_ptr<InternalsType>> internals_tls_p_;
+#endif
+    std::unique_ptr<InternalsType> *internals_singleton_pp_;
+};
+
+// If We loaded the internals through `state_dict`, our `error_already_set`
+// and `builtin_exception` may be different local classes than the ones set up in the
+// initial exception translator, below, so add another for our local exception classes.
+//
+// libstdc++ doesn't require this (types there are identified only by name)
+// libc++ with CPython doesn't require this (types are explicitly exported)
+// libc++ with PyPy still need it, awaiting further investigation
+#if !defined(__GLIBCXX__)
+inline void check_internals_local_exception_translator(internals *internals_ptr) {
+    if (internals_ptr) {
+        for (auto et : internals_ptr->registered_exception_translators) {
+            if (et == &translate_local_exception) {
+                return;
+            }
+        }
+        internals_ptr->registered_exception_translators.push_front(&translate_local_exception);
+    }
+}
+#endif
+
+inline internals_pp_manager<internals> &get_internals_pp_manager() {
+#if defined(__GLIBCXX__)
+#    define ON_FETCH_FN nullptr
+#else
+#    define ON_FETCH_FN &check_internals_local_exception_translator
+#endif
+    static internals_pp_manager<internals> internals_pp_manager(PYBIND11_INTERNALS_ID,
+                                                                ON_FETCH_FN);
+#undef ON_FETCH_FN
+    return internals_pp_manager;
+}
+
+/// Return a reference to the current `internals` data
+PYBIND11_NOINLINE internals &get_internals() {
+    auto &ppmgr = get_internals_pp_manager();
+    auto &internals_ptr = *ppmgr.get_pp();
+    if (!internals_ptr) {
+        // Slow path, something needs fetched from the state dict or created
+        gil_scoped_acquire_simple gil;
+        error_scope err_scope;
+        internals_ptr.reset(new internals());
+
+        if (!internals_ptr->instance_base) {
+            // This calls get_internals, so cannot be called from within the internals constructor
+            // called above because internals_ptr must be set before get_internals is called again
+            internals_ptr->instance_base = make_object_base_type(internals_ptr->default_metaclass);
+        }
+    }
+    return *internals_ptr;
+}
+
+inline internals_pp_manager<local_internals> &get_local_internals_pp_manager() {
+    // Use the address of this static itself as part of the key, so that the value is uniquely tied
+    // to where the module is loaded in memory
+    static const std::string this_module_idstr
+        = PYBIND11_MODULE_LOCAL_ID
+          + std::to_string(reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(&this_module_idstr));
+    static internals_pp_manager<local_internals> local_internals_pp_manager(
+        this_module_idstr.c_str(), nullptr);
+    return local_internals_pp_manager;
+}
+
+/// Works like `get_internals`, but for things which are locally registered.
+inline local_internals &get_local_internals() {
+    auto &ppmgr = get_local_internals_pp_manager();
+    auto &internals_ptr = *ppmgr.get_pp();
+    if (!internals_ptr) {
+        internals_ptr.reset(new local_internals());
+    }
+    return *internals_ptr;
+}
+
+#ifdef Py_GIL_DISABLED
+#    define PYBIND11_LOCK_INTERNALS(internals) std::unique_lock<pymutex> lock((internals).mutex)
+#else
+#    define PYBIND11_LOCK_INTERNALS(internals)
+#endif
+
+template <typename F>
+inline auto with_internals(const F &cb) -> decltype(cb(get_internals())) {
+    auto &internals = get_internals();
+    PYBIND11_LOCK_INTERNALS(internals);
+    return cb(internals);
+}
+
+template <typename F>
+inline auto with_exception_translators(const F &cb)
+    -> decltype(cb(get_internals().registered_exception_translators,
+                   get_local_internals().registered_exception_translators)) {
+    auto &internals = get_internals();
+#ifdef Py_GIL_DISABLED
+    std::unique_lock<pymutex> lock((internals).exception_translator_mutex);
+#endif
+    auto &local_internals = get_local_internals();
+    return cb(internals.registered_exception_translators,
+              local_internals.registered_exception_translators);
+}
+
+inline std::uint64_t mix64(std::uint64_t z) {
+    // David Stafford's variant 13 of the MurmurHash3 finalizer popularized
+    // by the SplitMix PRNG.
+    // https://zimbry.blogspot.com/2011/09/better-bit-mixing-improving-on.html
+    z = (z ^ (z >> 30)) * 0xbf58476d1ce4e5b9;
+    z = (z ^ (z >> 27)) * 0x94d049bb133111eb;
+    return z ^ (z >> 31);
+}
+
+template <typename F>
+inline auto with_instance_map(const void *ptr, const F &cb)
+    -> decltype(cb(std::declval<instance_map &>())) {
+    auto &internals = get_internals();
+
+#ifdef Py_GIL_DISABLED
+    // Hash address to compute shard, but ignore low bits. We'd like allocations
+    // from the same thread/core to map to the same shard and allocations from
+    // other threads/cores to map to other shards. Using the high bits is a good
+    // heuristic because memory allocators often have a per-thread
+    // arena/superblock/segment from which smaller allocations are served.
+    auto addr = reinterpret_cast<std::uintptr_t>(ptr);
+    auto hash = mix64(static_cast<std::uint64_t>(addr >> 20));
+    auto idx = static_cast<size_t>(hash & internals.instance_shards_mask);
+
+    auto &shard = internals.instance_shards[idx];
+    std::unique_lock<pymutex> lock(shard.mutex);
+    return cb(shard.registered_instances);
+#else
+    (void) ptr;
+    return cb(internals.registered_instances);
+#endif
+}
+
+// Returns the number of registered instances for testing purposes.  The result may not be
+// consistent if other threads are registering or unregistering instances concurrently.
+inline size_t num_registered_instances() {
+    auto &internals = get_internals();
+#ifdef Py_GIL_DISABLED
+    size_t count = 0;
+    for (size_t i = 0; i <= internals.instance_shards_mask; ++i) {
+        auto &shard = internals.instance_shards[i];
+        std::unique_lock<pymutex> lock(shard.mutex);
+        count += shard.registered_instances.size();
+    }
+    return count;
+#else
+    return internals.registered_instances.size();
+#endif
+}
+
+/// Constructs a std::string with the given arguments, stores it in `internals`, and returns its
+/// `c_str()`.  Such strings objects have a long storage duration -- the internal strings are only
+/// cleared when the program exits or after interpreter shutdown (when embedding), and so are
+/// suitable for c-style strings needed by Python internals (such as PyTypeObject's tp_name).
+template <typename... Args>
+const char *c_str(Args &&...args) {
+    // GCC 4.8 doesn't like parameter unpack within lambda capture, so use
+    // PYBIND11_LOCK_INTERNALS.
+    auto &internals = get_internals();
+    PYBIND11_LOCK_INTERNALS(internals);
+    auto &strings = internals.static_strings;
+    strings.emplace_front(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+    return strings.front().c_str();
+}
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_END(detail)
+
+/// Returns a named pointer that is shared among all extension modules (using the same
+/// pybind11 version) running in the current interpreter. Names starting with underscores
+/// are reserved for internal usage. Returns `nullptr` if no matching entry was found.
+PYBIND11_NOINLINE void *get_shared_data(const std::string &name) {
+    return detail::with_internals([&](detail::internals &internals) {
+        auto it = internals.shared_data.find(name);
+        return it != internals.shared_data.end() ? it->second : nullptr;
+    });
+}
+
+/// Set the shared data that can be later recovered by `get_shared_data()`.
+PYBIND11_NOINLINE void *set_shared_data(const std::string &name, void *data) {
+    return detail::with_internals([&](detail::internals &internals) {
+        internals.shared_data[name] = data;
+        return data;
+    });
+}
+
+/// Returns a typed reference to a shared data entry (by using `get_shared_data()`) if
+/// such entry exists. Otherwise, a new object of default-constructible type `T` is
+/// added to the shared data under the given name and a reference to it is returned.
+template <typename T>
+T &get_or_create_shared_data(const std::string &name) {
+    return *detail::with_internals([&](detail::internals &internals) {
+        auto it = internals.shared_data.find(name);
+        T *ptr = (T *) (it != internals.shared_data.end() ? it->second : nullptr);
+        if (!ptr) {
+            ptr = new T();
+            internals.shared_data[name] = ptr;
+        }
+        return ptr;
+    });
+}
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_END(PYBIND11_NAMESPACE)

deps_src/pybind11/include/pybind11/detail/native_enum_data.h

@@ -0,0 +1,209 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2022-2025 The pybind Community.
+// All rights reserved. Use of this source code is governed by a
+// BSD-style license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "../pytypes.h"
+#include "common.h"
+#include "internals.h"
+
+#include <cassert>
+#include <sstream>
+#include <string>
+#include <typeindex>
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_BEGIN(PYBIND11_NAMESPACE)
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_BEGIN(detail)
+
+// This is a separate function only to enable easy unit testing.
+inline std::string
+native_enum_missing_finalize_error_message(const std::string &enum_name_encoded) {
+    return "pybind11::native_enum<...>(\"" + enum_name_encoded + "\", ...): MISSING .finalize()";
+}
+
+class native_enum_data {
+public:
+    native_enum_data(const object &parent_scope,
+                     const char *enum_name,
+                     const char *native_type_name,
+                     const char *class_doc,
+                     const std::type_index &enum_type_index)
+        : enum_name_encoded{enum_name}, native_type_name_encoded{native_type_name},
+          enum_type_index{enum_type_index}, parent_scope(parent_scope), enum_name{enum_name},
+          native_type_name{native_type_name}, class_doc(class_doc), export_values_flag{false},
+          finalize_needed{false} {}
+
+    void finalize();
+
+    native_enum_data(const native_enum_data &) = delete;
+    native_enum_data &operator=(const native_enum_data &) = delete;
+
+#if !defined(NDEBUG)
+    // This dtor cannot easily be unit tested because it terminates the process.
+    ~native_enum_data() {
+        if (finalize_needed) {
+            pybind11_fail(native_enum_missing_finalize_error_message(enum_name_encoded));
+        }
+    }
+#endif
+
+protected:
+    void disarm_finalize_check(const char *error_context) {
+        if (!finalize_needed) {
+            pybind11_fail("pybind11::native_enum<...>(\"" + enum_name_encoded
+                          + "\"): " + error_context);
+        }
+        finalize_needed = false;
+    }
+
+    void arm_finalize_check() {
+        assert(!finalize_needed); // Catch redundant calls.
+        finalize_needed = true;
+    }
+
+    std::string enum_name_encoded;
+    std::string native_type_name_encoded;
+    std::type_index enum_type_index;
+
+private:
+    object parent_scope;
+    str enum_name;
+    str native_type_name;
+    std::string class_doc;
+
+protected:
+    list members;
+    list member_docs;
+    bool export_values_flag : 1; // Attention: It is best to keep the bools together.
+
+private:
+    bool finalize_needed : 1;
+};
+
+inline void global_internals_native_enum_type_map_set_item(const std::type_index &enum_type_index,
+                                                           PyObject *py_enum) {
+    with_internals(
+        [&](internals &internals) { internals.native_enum_type_map[enum_type_index] = py_enum; });
+}
+
+inline handle
+global_internals_native_enum_type_map_get_item(const std::type_index &enum_type_index) {
+    return with_internals([&](internals &internals) {
+        auto found = internals.native_enum_type_map.find(enum_type_index);
+        if (found != internals.native_enum_type_map.end()) {
+            return handle(found->second);
+        }
+        return handle();
+    });
+}
+
+inline bool
+global_internals_native_enum_type_map_contains(const std::type_index &enum_type_index) {
+    return with_internals([&](internals &internals) {
+        return internals.native_enum_type_map.count(enum_type_index) != 0;
+    });
+}
+
+inline object import_or_getattr(const std::string &fully_qualified_name,
+                                const std::string &append_to_exception_message) {
+    std::istringstream stream(fully_qualified_name);
+    std::string part;
+
+    if (!std::getline(stream, part, '.') || part.empty()) {
+        std::string msg = "Invalid fully-qualified name `";
+        msg += fully_qualified_name;
+        msg += "`";
+        msg += append_to_exception_message;
+        throw value_error(msg);
+    }
+
+    auto curr_scope = reinterpret_steal<object>(PyImport_ImportModule(part.c_str()));
+    if (!curr_scope) {
+        std::string msg = "Failed to import top-level module `";
+        msg += part;
+        msg += "`";
+        msg += append_to_exception_message;
+        raise_from(PyExc_ImportError, msg.c_str());
+        throw error_already_set();
+    }
+
+    // Now recursively getattr or import remaining parts
+    std::string curr_path = part;
+    while (std::getline(stream, part, '.')) {
+        if (part.empty()) {
+            std::string msg = "Invalid fully-qualified name `";
+            msg += fully_qualified_name;
+            msg += "`";
+            msg += append_to_exception_message;
+            throw value_error(msg);
+        }
+        std::string next_path = curr_path;
+        next_path += ".";
+        next_path += part;
+        auto next_scope
+            = reinterpret_steal<object>(PyObject_GetAttrString(curr_scope.ptr(), part.c_str()));
+        if (!next_scope) {
+            error_fetch_and_normalize stored_getattr_error("getattr");
+            // Try importing the next level
+            next_scope = reinterpret_steal<object>(PyImport_ImportModule(next_path.c_str()));
+            if (!next_scope) {
+                error_fetch_and_normalize stored_import_error("import");
+                std::string msg = "Failed to import or getattr `";
+                msg += part;
+                msg += "` from `";
+                msg += curr_path;
+                msg += "`";
+                msg += append_to_exception_message;
+                msg += "\n-------- getattr exception --------\n";
+                msg += stored_getattr_error.error_string();
+                msg += "\n-------- import exception --------\n";
+                msg += stored_import_error.error_string();
+                throw import_error(msg.c_str());
+            }
+        }
+        curr_scope = next_scope;
+        curr_path = next_path;
+    }
+    return curr_scope;
+}
+
+inline void native_enum_data::finalize() {
+    disarm_finalize_check("DOUBLE finalize");
+    if (hasattr(parent_scope, enum_name)) {
+        pybind11_fail("pybind11::native_enum<...>(\"" + enum_name_encoded
+                      + "\"): an object with that name is already defined");
+    }
+    auto py_enum_type = import_or_getattr(native_type_name, " (native_type_name)");
+    auto py_enum = py_enum_type(enum_name, members);
+    object module_name = get_module_name_if_available(parent_scope);
+    if (module_name) {
+        py_enum.attr("__module__") = module_name;
+    }
+    if (hasattr(parent_scope, "__qualname__")) {
+        const auto parent_qualname = parent_scope.attr("__qualname__").cast<std::string>();
+        py_enum.attr("__qualname__") = str(parent_qualname + "." + enum_name.cast<std::string>());
+    }
+    parent_scope.attr(enum_name) = py_enum;
+    if (export_values_flag) {
+        for (auto member : members) {
+            auto member_name = member[int_(0)];
+            if (hasattr(parent_scope, member_name)) {
+                pybind11_fail("pybind11::native_enum<...>(\"" + enum_name_encoded + "\").value(\""
+                              + member_name.cast<std::string>()
+                              + "\"): an object with that name is already defined");
+            }
+            parent_scope.attr(member_name) = py_enum[member_name];
+        }
+    }
+    if (!class_doc.empty()) {
+        py_enum.attr("__doc__") = class_doc.c_str();
+    }
+    for (auto doc : member_docs) {
+        py_enum[doc[int_(0)]].attr("__doc__") = doc[int_(1)];
+    }
+    global_internals_native_enum_type_map_set_item(enum_type_index, py_enum.release().ptr());
+}
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_END(detail)
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_END(PYBIND11_NAMESPACE)

deps_src/pybind11/include/pybind11/detail/pybind11_namespace_macros.h

@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2016-2025 The Pybind Development Team.
+// All rights reserved. Use of this source code is governed by a
+// BSD-style license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+
+#pragma once
+
+// PLEASE DO NOT ADD ANY INCLUDES HERE
+
+// Define some generic pybind11 helper macros for warning management.
+//
+// Note that compiler-specific push/pop pairs are baked into the
+// PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_BEGIN/PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_END pair of macros. Therefore manual
+// PYBIND11_WARNING_PUSH/PYBIND11_WARNING_POP are usually only needed in `#include` sections.
+//
+// If you find you need to suppress a warning, please try to make the suppression as local as
+// possible using these macros. Please also be sure to push/pop with the pybind11 macros. Please
+// only use compiler specifics if you need to check specific versions, e.g. Apple Clang vs. vanilla
+// Clang.
+#if defined(_MSC_VER)
+#    define PYBIND11_COMPILER_MSVC
+#    define PYBIND11_PRAGMA(...) __pragma(__VA_ARGS__)
+#    define PYBIND11_WARNING_PUSH PYBIND11_PRAGMA(warning(push))
+#    define PYBIND11_WARNING_POP PYBIND11_PRAGMA(warning(pop))
+#elif defined(__INTEL_COMPILER)
+#    define PYBIND11_COMPILER_INTEL
+#    define PYBIND11_PRAGMA(...) _Pragma(#__VA_ARGS__)
+#    define PYBIND11_WARNING_PUSH PYBIND11_PRAGMA(warning push)
+#    define PYBIND11_WARNING_POP PYBIND11_PRAGMA(warning pop)
+#elif defined(__clang__)
+#    define PYBIND11_COMPILER_CLANG
+#    define PYBIND11_PRAGMA(...) _Pragma(#__VA_ARGS__)
+#    define PYBIND11_WARNING_PUSH PYBIND11_PRAGMA(clang diagnostic push)
+#    define PYBIND11_WARNING_POP PYBIND11_PRAGMA(clang diagnostic pop)
+#elif defined(__GNUC__)
+#    define PYBIND11_COMPILER_GCC
+#    define PYBIND11_PRAGMA(...) _Pragma(#__VA_ARGS__)
+#    define PYBIND11_WARNING_PUSH PYBIND11_PRAGMA(GCC diagnostic push)
+#    define PYBIND11_WARNING_POP PYBIND11_PRAGMA(GCC diagnostic pop)
+#endif
+
+#ifdef PYBIND11_COMPILER_MSVC
+#    define PYBIND11_WARNING_DISABLE_MSVC(name) PYBIND11_PRAGMA(warning(disable : name))
+#else
+#    define PYBIND11_WARNING_DISABLE_MSVC(name)
+#endif
+
+#ifdef PYBIND11_COMPILER_CLANG
+#    define PYBIND11_WARNING_DISABLE_CLANG(name) PYBIND11_PRAGMA(clang diagnostic ignored name)
+#else
+#    define PYBIND11_WARNING_DISABLE_CLANG(name)
+#endif
+
+#ifdef PYBIND11_COMPILER_GCC
+#    define PYBIND11_WARNING_DISABLE_GCC(name) PYBIND11_PRAGMA(GCC diagnostic ignored name)
+#else
+#    define PYBIND11_WARNING_DISABLE_GCC(name)
+#endif
+
+#ifdef PYBIND11_COMPILER_INTEL
+#    define PYBIND11_WARNING_DISABLE_INTEL(name) PYBIND11_PRAGMA(warning disable name)
+#else
+#    define PYBIND11_WARNING_DISABLE_INTEL(name)
+#endif
+
+#define PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_BEGIN(name)                                                            \
+    namespace name {                                                                              \
+    PYBIND11_WARNING_PUSH
+
+#define PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_END(name)                                                              \
+    PYBIND11_WARNING_POP                                                                          \
+    }
+
+// Robust support for some features and loading modules compiled against different pybind versions
+// requires forcing hidden visibility on pybind code, so we enforce this by setting the attribute
+// on the main `pybind11` namespace.
+#if !defined(PYBIND11_NAMESPACE)
+#    if defined(__GNUG__) && !defined(_WIN32)
+#        define PYBIND11_NAMESPACE pybind11 __attribute__((visibility("hidden")))
+#    else
+#        define PYBIND11_NAMESPACE pybind11
+#    endif
+#endif

deps_src/pybind11/include/pybind11/detail/struct_smart_holder.h

@@ -0,0 +1,378 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2020-2024 The Pybind Development Team.
+// All rights reserved. Use of this source code is governed by a
+// BSD-style license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+
+/* Proof-of-Concept for smart pointer interoperability.
+
+High-level aspects:
+
+* Support all `unique_ptr`, `shared_ptr` interops that are feasible.
+
+* Cleanly and clearly report all interops that are infeasible.
+
+* Meant to fit into a `PyObject`, as a holder for C++ objects.
+
+* Support a system design that makes it impossible to trigger
+  C++ Undefined Behavior, especially from Python.
+
+* Support a system design with clean runtime inheritance casting. From this
+  it follows that the `smart_holder` needs to be type-erased (`void*`).
+
+* Handling of RTTI for the type-erased held pointer is NOT implemented here.
+  It is the responsibility of the caller to ensure that `static_cast<T *>`
+  is well-formed when calling `as_*` member functions. Inheritance casting
+  needs to be handled in a different layer (similar to the code organization
+  in boost/python/object/inheritance.hpp).
+
+Details:
+
+* The "root holder" chosen here is a `shared_ptr<void>` (named `vptr` in this
+  implementation). This choice is practically inevitable because `shared_ptr`
+  has only very limited support for inspecting and accessing its deleter.
+
+* If created from a raw pointer, or a `unique_ptr` without a custom deleter,
+  `vptr` always uses a custom deleter, to support `unique_ptr`-like disowning.
+  The custom deleters could be extended to included life-time management for
+  external objects (e.g. `PyObject`).
+
+* If created from an external `shared_ptr`, or a `unique_ptr` with a custom
+  deleter, including life-time management for external objects is infeasible.
+
+* By choice, the smart_holder is movable but not copyable, to keep the design
+  simple, and to guard against accidental copying overhead.
+
+* The `void_cast_raw_ptr` option is needed to make the `smart_holder` `vptr`
+  member invisible to the `shared_from_this` mechanism, in case the lifetime
+  of a `PyObject` is tied to the pointee.
+*/
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "pybind11_namespace_macros.h"
+
+#include <cstring>
+#include <functional>
+#include <memory>
+#include <stdexcept>
+#include <string>
+#include <type_traits>
+#include <typeinfo>
+#include <utility>
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_BEGIN(PYBIND11_NAMESPACE)
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_BEGIN(memory)
+
+// Default fallback.
+static constexpr bool type_has_shared_from_this(...) { return false; }
+
+// This overload uses SFINAE to skip enable_shared_from_this checks when the
+// base is inaccessible (e.g. private inheritance).
+template <typename T>
+static auto type_has_shared_from_this(const T *ptr)
+    -> decltype(static_cast<const std::enable_shared_from_this<T> *>(ptr), true) {
+    return true;
+}
+
+// Inaccessible base → substitution failure → fallback overload selected
+template <typename T>
+static constexpr bool type_has_shared_from_this(const void *) {
+    return false;
+}
+
+struct guarded_delete {
+    // NOTE: PYBIND11_INTERNALS_VERSION needs to be bumped if changes are made to this struct.
+    std::weak_ptr<void> released_ptr;    // Trick to keep the smart_holder memory footprint small.
+    std::function<void(void *)> del_fun; // Rare case.
+    void (*del_ptr)(void *);             // Common case.
+    bool use_del_fun;
+    bool armed_flag;
+    guarded_delete(std::function<void(void *)> &&del_fun, bool armed_flag)
+        : del_fun{std::move(del_fun)}, del_ptr{nullptr}, use_del_fun{true},
+          armed_flag{armed_flag} {}
+    guarded_delete(void (*del_ptr)(void *), bool armed_flag)
+        : del_ptr{del_ptr}, use_del_fun{false}, armed_flag{armed_flag} {}
+    void operator()(void *raw_ptr) const {
+        if (armed_flag) {
+            if (use_del_fun) {
+                del_fun(raw_ptr);
+            } else {
+                del_ptr(raw_ptr);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+};
+
+inline guarded_delete *get_guarded_delete(const std::shared_ptr<void> &ptr) {
+    return std::get_deleter<guarded_delete>(ptr);
+}
+
+using get_guarded_delete_fn = guarded_delete *(*) (const std::shared_ptr<void> &);
+
+template <typename T, typename std::enable_if<std::is_destructible<T>::value, int>::type = 0>
+inline void std_default_delete_if_destructible(void *raw_ptr) {
+    std::default_delete<T>{}(static_cast<T *>(raw_ptr));
+}
+
+template <typename T, typename std::enable_if<!std::is_destructible<T>::value, int>::type = 0>
+inline void std_default_delete_if_destructible(void *) {
+    // This noop operator is needed to avoid a compilation error (for `delete raw_ptr;`), but
+    // throwing an exception from a destructor will std::terminate the process. Therefore the
+    // runtime check for lifetime-management correctness is implemented elsewhere (in
+    // ensure_pointee_is_destructible()).
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+guarded_delete make_guarded_std_default_delete(bool armed_flag) {
+    return guarded_delete(std_default_delete_if_destructible<T>, armed_flag);
+}
+
+template <typename T, typename D>
+struct custom_deleter {
+    // NOTE: PYBIND11_INTERNALS_VERSION needs to be bumped if changes are made to this struct.
+    D deleter;
+    explicit custom_deleter(D &&deleter) : deleter{std::forward<D>(deleter)} {}
+    void operator()(void *raw_ptr) { deleter(static_cast<T *>(raw_ptr)); }
+};
+
+template <typename T, typename D>
+guarded_delete make_guarded_custom_deleter(D &&uqp_del, bool armed_flag) {
+    return guarded_delete(
+        std::function<void(void *)>(custom_deleter<T, D>(std::forward<D>(uqp_del))), armed_flag);
+}
+
+template <typename T, typename D>
+constexpr bool uqp_del_is_std_default_delete() {
+    return std::is_same<D, std::default_delete<T>>::value
+           || std::is_same<D, std::default_delete<T const>>::value;
+}
+
+inline bool type_info_equal_across_dso_boundaries(const std::type_info &a,
+                                                  const std::type_info &b) {
+    // RTTI pointer comparison may fail across DSOs (e.g., macOS libc++).
+    // Fallback to name comparison, which is generally safe and ABI-stable enough for our use.
+    return a == b || std::strcmp(a.name(), b.name()) == 0;
+}
+
+struct smart_holder {
+    // NOTE: PYBIND11_INTERNALS_VERSION needs to be bumped if changes are made to this struct.
+    const std::type_info *rtti_uqp_del = nullptr;
+    std::shared_ptr<void> vptr;
+    bool vptr_is_using_noop_deleter : 1;
+    bool vptr_is_using_std_default_delete : 1;
+    bool vptr_is_external_shared_ptr : 1;
+    bool is_populated : 1;
+    bool is_disowned : 1;
+
+    // Design choice: smart_holder is movable but not copyable.
+    smart_holder(smart_holder &&) = default;
+    smart_holder(const smart_holder &) = delete;
+    smart_holder &operator=(smart_holder &&) = delete;
+    smart_holder &operator=(const smart_holder &) = delete;
+
+    smart_holder()
+        : vptr_is_using_noop_deleter{false}, vptr_is_using_std_default_delete{false},
+          vptr_is_external_shared_ptr{false}, is_populated{false}, is_disowned{false} {}
+
+    bool has_pointee() const { return vptr != nullptr; }
+
+    template <typename T>
+    static void ensure_pointee_is_destructible(const char *context) {
+        if (!std::is_destructible<T>::value) {
+            throw std::invalid_argument(std::string("Pointee is not destructible (") + context
+                                        + ").");
+        }
+    }
+
+    void ensure_is_populated(const char *context) const {
+        if (!is_populated) {
+            throw std::runtime_error(std::string("Unpopulated holder (") + context + ").");
+        }
+    }
+    void ensure_is_not_disowned(const char *context) const {
+        if (is_disowned) {
+            throw std::runtime_error(std::string("Holder was disowned already (") + context
+                                     + ").");
+        }
+    }
+
+    void ensure_vptr_is_using_std_default_delete(const char *context) const {
+        if (vptr_is_external_shared_ptr) {
+            throw std::invalid_argument(std::string("Cannot disown external shared_ptr (")
+                                        + context + ").");
+        }
+        if (vptr_is_using_noop_deleter) {
+            throw std::invalid_argument(std::string("Cannot disown non-owning holder (") + context
+                                        + ").");
+        }
+        if (!vptr_is_using_std_default_delete) {
+            throw std::invalid_argument(std::string("Cannot disown custom deleter (") + context
+                                        + ").");
+        }
+    }
+
+    template <typename T, typename D>
+    void ensure_compatible_uqp_del(const char *context) const {
+        if (!rtti_uqp_del) {
+            if (!uqp_del_is_std_default_delete<T, D>()) {
+                throw std::invalid_argument(std::string("Missing unique_ptr deleter (") + context
+                                            + ").");
+            }
+            ensure_vptr_is_using_std_default_delete(context);
+            return;
+        }
+        if (uqp_del_is_std_default_delete<T, D>() && vptr_is_using_std_default_delete) {
+            return;
+        }
+        if (!type_info_equal_across_dso_boundaries(typeid(D), *rtti_uqp_del)) {
+            throw std::invalid_argument(std::string("Incompatible unique_ptr deleter (") + context
+                                        + ").");
+        }
+    }
+
+    void ensure_has_pointee(const char *context) const {
+        if (!has_pointee()) {
+            throw std::invalid_argument(std::string("Disowned holder (") + context + ").");
+        }
+    }
+
+    void ensure_use_count_1(const char *context) const {
+        if (vptr == nullptr) {
+            throw std::invalid_argument(std::string("Cannot disown nullptr (") + context + ").");
+        }
+        // In multithreaded environments accessing use_count can lead to
+        // race conditions, but in the context of Python it is a bug (elsewhere)
+        // if the Global Interpreter Lock (GIL) is not being held when this code
+        // is reached.
+        // PYBIND11:REMINDER: This may need to be protected by a mutex in free-threaded Python.
+        if (vptr.use_count() != 1) {
+            throw std::invalid_argument(std::string("Cannot disown use_count != 1 (") + context
+                                        + ").");
+        }
+    }
+
+    void reset_vptr_deleter_armed_flag(const get_guarded_delete_fn ggd_fn, bool armed_flag) const {
+        auto *gd = ggd_fn(vptr);
+        if (gd == nullptr) {
+            throw std::runtime_error(
+                "smart_holder::reset_vptr_deleter_armed_flag() called in an invalid context.");
+        }
+        gd->armed_flag = armed_flag;
+    }
+
+    // Caller is responsible for precondition: ensure_compatible_uqp_del<T, D>() must succeed.
+    template <typename T, typename D>
+    std::unique_ptr<D> extract_deleter(const char *context,
+                                       const get_guarded_delete_fn ggd_fn) const {
+        auto *gd = ggd_fn(vptr);
+        if (gd && gd->use_del_fun) {
+            const auto &custom_deleter_ptr = gd->del_fun.template target<custom_deleter<T, D>>();
+            if (custom_deleter_ptr == nullptr) {
+                throw std::runtime_error(
+                    std::string("smart_holder::extract_deleter() precondition failure (") + context
+                    + ").");
+            }
+            static_assert(std::is_copy_constructible<D>::value,
+                          "Required for compatibility with smart_holder functionality.");
+            return std::unique_ptr<D>(new D(custom_deleter_ptr->deleter));
+        }
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+
+    static smart_holder from_raw_ptr_unowned(void *raw_ptr) {
+        smart_holder hld;
+        hld.vptr.reset(raw_ptr, [](void *) {});
+        hld.vptr_is_using_noop_deleter = true;
+        hld.is_populated = true;
+        return hld;
+    }
+
+    template <typename T>
+    T *as_raw_ptr_unowned() const {
+        return static_cast<T *>(vptr.get());
+    }
+
+    template <typename T>
+    static smart_holder from_raw_ptr_take_ownership(T *raw_ptr, bool void_cast_raw_ptr = false) {
+        ensure_pointee_is_destructible<T>("from_raw_ptr_take_ownership");
+        smart_holder hld;
+        auto gd = make_guarded_std_default_delete<T>(true);
+        if (void_cast_raw_ptr) {
+            hld.vptr.reset(static_cast<void *>(raw_ptr), std::move(gd));
+        } else {
+            hld.vptr.reset(raw_ptr, std::move(gd));
+        }
+        hld.vptr_is_using_std_default_delete = true;
+        hld.is_populated = true;
+        return hld;
+    }
+
+    // Caller is responsible for ensuring the complex preconditions
+    // (see `smart_holder_type_caster_support::load_helper`).
+    void disown(const get_guarded_delete_fn ggd_fn) {
+        reset_vptr_deleter_armed_flag(ggd_fn, false);
+        is_disowned = true;
+    }
+
+    // Caller is responsible for ensuring the complex preconditions
+    // (see `smart_holder_type_caster_support::load_helper`).
+    void reclaim_disowned(const get_guarded_delete_fn ggd_fn) {
+        reset_vptr_deleter_armed_flag(ggd_fn, true);
+        is_disowned = false;
+    }
+
+    // Caller is responsible for ensuring the complex preconditions
+    // (see `smart_holder_type_caster_support::load_helper`).
+    void release_disowned() { vptr.reset(); }
+
+    void ensure_can_release_ownership(const char *context = "ensure_can_release_ownership") const {
+        ensure_is_not_disowned(context);
+        ensure_vptr_is_using_std_default_delete(context);
+        ensure_use_count_1(context);
+    }
+
+    // Caller is responsible for ensuring the complex preconditions
+    // (see `smart_holder_type_caster_support::load_helper`).
+    void release_ownership(const get_guarded_delete_fn ggd_fn) {
+        reset_vptr_deleter_armed_flag(ggd_fn, false);
+        release_disowned();
+    }
+
+    template <typename T, typename D>
+    static smart_holder from_unique_ptr(std::unique_ptr<T, D> &&unq_ptr,
+                                        void *void_ptr = nullptr) {
+        smart_holder hld;
+        hld.rtti_uqp_del = &typeid(D);
+        hld.vptr_is_using_std_default_delete = uqp_del_is_std_default_delete<T, D>();
+        guarded_delete gd{nullptr, false};
+        if (hld.vptr_is_using_std_default_delete) {
+            gd = make_guarded_std_default_delete<T>(true);
+        } else {
+            gd = make_guarded_custom_deleter<T, D>(std::move(unq_ptr.get_deleter()), true);
+        }
+        if (void_ptr != nullptr) {
+            hld.vptr.reset(void_ptr, std::move(gd));
+        } else {
+            hld.vptr.reset(unq_ptr.get(), std::move(gd));
+        }
+        (void) unq_ptr.release();
+        hld.is_populated = true;
+        return hld;
+    }
+
+    template <typename T>
+    static smart_holder from_shared_ptr(const std::shared_ptr<T> &shd_ptr) {
+        smart_holder hld;
+        hld.vptr = std::static_pointer_cast<void>(shd_ptr);
+        hld.vptr_is_external_shared_ptr = true;
+        hld.is_populated = true;
+        return hld;
+    }
+
+    template <typename T>
+    std::shared_ptr<T> as_shared_ptr() const {
+        return std::static_pointer_cast<T>(vptr);
+    }
+};
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_END(memory)
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_END(PYBIND11_NAMESPACE)

deps_src/pybind11/include/pybind11/detail/typeid.h

@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+/*
+    pybind11/detail/typeid.h: Compiler-independent access to type identifiers
+
+    Copyright (c) 2016 Wenzel Jakob <wenzel.jakob@epfl.ch>
+
+    All rights reserved. Use of this source code is governed by a
+    BSD-style license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+*/
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <cstdlib>
+
+#if defined(__GNUG__)
+#    include <cxxabi.h>
+#endif
+
+#include "common.h"
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_BEGIN(PYBIND11_NAMESPACE)
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_BEGIN(detail)
+
+/// Erase all occurrences of a substring
+inline void erase_all(std::string &string, const std::string &search) {
+    for (size_t pos = 0;;) {
+        pos = string.find(search, pos);
+        if (pos == std::string::npos) {
+            break;
+        }
+        string.erase(pos, search.length());
+    }
+}
+
+PYBIND11_NOINLINE void clean_type_id(std::string &name) {
+#if defined(__GNUG__)
+    int status = 0;
+    std::unique_ptr<char, void (*)(void *)> res{
+        abi::__cxa_demangle(name.c_str(), nullptr, nullptr, &status), std::free};
+    if (status == 0) {
+        name = res.get();
+    }
+#else
+    detail::erase_all(name, "class ");
+    detail::erase_all(name, "struct ");
+    detail::erase_all(name, "enum ");
+#endif
+    detail::erase_all(name, "pybind11::");
+}
+
+inline std::string clean_type_id(const char *typeid_name) {
+    std::string name(typeid_name);
+    detail::clean_type_id(name);
+    return name;
+}
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_END(detail)
+
+/// Return a string representation of a C++ type
+template <typename T>
+static std::string type_id() {
+    return detail::clean_type_id(typeid(T).name());
+}
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_END(PYBIND11_NAMESPACE)

deps_src/pybind11/include/pybind11/detail/using_smart_holder.h

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2024 The Pybind Development Team.
+// All rights reserved. Use of this source code is governed by a
+// BSD-style license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "common.h"
+#include "struct_smart_holder.h"
+
+#include <type_traits>
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_BEGIN(PYBIND11_NAMESPACE)
+
+using pybind11::memory::smart_holder;
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_BEGIN(detail)
+
+template <typename H>
+using is_smart_holder = std::is_same<H, smart_holder>;
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_END(detail)
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_END(PYBIND11_NAMESPACE)

deps_src/pybind11/include/pybind11/detail/value_and_holder.h

@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2016-2024 The Pybind Development Team.
+// All rights reserved. Use of this source code is governed by a
+// BSD-style license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "common.h"
+
+#include <cstddef>
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <typeinfo>
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_BEGIN(PYBIND11_NAMESPACE)
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_BEGIN(detail)
+
+struct value_and_holder {
+    instance *inst = nullptr;
+    size_t index = 0u;
+    const detail::type_info *type = nullptr;
+    void **vh = nullptr;
+
+    // Main constructor for a found value/holder:
+    value_and_holder(instance *i, const detail::type_info *type, size_t vpos, size_t index)
+        : inst{i}, index{index}, type{type},
+          vh{inst->simple_layout ? inst->simple_value_holder
+                                 : &inst->nonsimple.values_and_holders[vpos]} {}
+
+    // Default constructor (used to signal a value-and-holder not found by get_value_and_holder())
+    value_and_holder() = default;
+
+    // Used for past-the-end iterator
+    explicit value_and_holder(size_t index) : index{index} {}
+
+    template <typename V = void>
+    V *&value_ptr() const {
+        return reinterpret_cast<V *&>(vh[0]);
+    }
+    // True if this `value_and_holder` has a non-null value pointer
+    explicit operator bool() const { return value_ptr() != nullptr; }
+
+    template <typename H>
+    H &holder() const {
+        return reinterpret_cast<H &>(vh[1]);
+    }
+    bool holder_constructed() const {
+        return inst->simple_layout
+                   ? inst->simple_holder_constructed
+                   : (inst->nonsimple.status[index] & instance::status_holder_constructed) != 0u;
+    }
+    // NOLINTNEXTLINE(readability-make-member-function-const)
+    void set_holder_constructed(bool v = true) {
+        if (inst->simple_layout) {
+            inst->simple_holder_constructed = v;
+        } else if (v) {
+            inst->nonsimple.status[index] |= instance::status_holder_constructed;
+        } else {
+            inst->nonsimple.status[index] &= (std::uint8_t) ~instance::status_holder_constructed;
+        }
+    }
+    bool instance_registered() const {
+        return inst->simple_layout
+                   ? inst->simple_instance_registered
+                   : ((inst->nonsimple.status[index] & instance::status_instance_registered) != 0);
+    }
+    // NOLINTNEXTLINE(readability-make-member-function-const)
+    void set_instance_registered(bool v = true) {
+        if (inst->simple_layout) {
+            inst->simple_instance_registered = v;
+        } else if (v) {
+            inst->nonsimple.status[index] |= instance::status_instance_registered;
+        } else {
+            inst->nonsimple.status[index] &= (std::uint8_t) ~instance::status_instance_registered;
+        }
+    }
+};
+
+// This is a semi-public API to check if the corresponding instance has been constructed with a
+// holder. That is, if the instance has been constructed with a holder, the `__init__` method is
+// called and the C++ object is valid. Otherwise, the C++ object might only be allocated, but not
+// initialized. This will lead to **SEGMENTATION FAULTS** if the C++ object is used in any way.
+// Example usage: https://pybind11.readthedocs.io/en/stable/advanced/classes.html#custom-type-setup
+//                for `tp_traverse` and `tp_clear` implementations.
+// WARNING: The caller is responsible for ensuring that the `reinterpret_cast` is valid.
+inline bool is_holder_constructed(PyObject *obj) {
+    auto *const instance = reinterpret_cast<pybind11::detail::instance *>(obj);
+    return instance->get_value_and_holder().holder_constructed();
+}
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_END(detail)
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_END(PYBIND11_NAMESPACE)

deps_src/pybind11/include/pybind11/eigen.h

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+/*
+    pybind11/eigen.h: Transparent conversion for dense and sparse Eigen matrices
+
+    Copyright (c) 2016 Wenzel Jakob <wenzel.jakob@epfl.ch>
+
+    All rights reserved. Use of this source code is governed by a
+    BSD-style license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+*/
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "eigen/matrix.h"

deps_src/pybind11/include/pybind11/eigen/common.h

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2023 The pybind Community.
+
+#pragma once
+
+// Common message for `static_assert()`s, which are useful to easily
+// preempt much less obvious errors.
+#define PYBIND11_EIGEN_MESSAGE_POINTER_TYPES_ARE_NOT_SUPPORTED                                    \
+    "Pointer types (in particular `PyObject *`) are not supported as scalar types for Eigen "     \
+    "types."

deps_src/pybind11/include/pybind11/eigen/matrix.h

@@ -0,0 +1,723 @@
+/*
+    pybind11/eigen/matrix.h: Transparent conversion for dense and sparse Eigen matrices
+
+    Copyright (c) 2016 Wenzel Jakob <wenzel.jakob@epfl.ch>
+
+    All rights reserved. Use of this source code is governed by a
+    BSD-style license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+*/
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <pybind11/numpy.h>
+
+#include "common.h"
+
+/* HINT: To suppress warnings originating from the Eigen headers, use -isystem.
+   See also:
+       https://stackoverflow.com/questions/2579576/i-dir-vs-isystem-dir
+       https://stackoverflow.com/questions/1741816/isystem-for-ms-visual-studio-c-compiler
+*/
+PYBIND11_WARNING_PUSH
+PYBIND11_WARNING_DISABLE_MSVC(5054) // https://github.com/pybind/pybind11/pull/3741
+//       C5054: operator '&': deprecated between enumerations of different types
+#if defined(__MINGW32__)
+PYBIND11_WARNING_DISABLE_GCC("-Wmaybe-uninitialized")
+#endif
+
+#include <Eigen/Core>
+#include <Eigen/SparseCore>
+
+PYBIND11_WARNING_POP
+
+// Eigen prior to 3.2.7 doesn't have proper move constructors--but worse, some classes get implicit
+// move constructors that break things.  We could detect this an explicitly copy, but an extra copy
+// of matrices seems highly undesirable.
+static_assert(EIGEN_VERSION_AT_LEAST(3, 2, 7),
+              "Eigen matrix support in pybind11 requires Eigen >= 3.2.7");
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_BEGIN(PYBIND11_NAMESPACE)
+
+PYBIND11_WARNING_DISABLE_MSVC(4127)
+
+// Provide a convenience alias for easier pass-by-ref usage with fully dynamic strides:
+using EigenDStride = Eigen::Stride<Eigen::Dynamic, Eigen::Dynamic>;
+template <typename MatrixType>
+using EigenDRef = Eigen::Ref<MatrixType, 0, EigenDStride>;
+template <typename MatrixType>
+using EigenDMap = Eigen::Map<MatrixType, 0, EigenDStride>;
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_BEGIN(detail)
+
+#if EIGEN_VERSION_AT_LEAST(3, 3, 0)
+using EigenIndex = Eigen::Index;
+template <typename Scalar, int Flags, typename StorageIndex>
+using EigenMapSparseMatrix = Eigen::Map<Eigen::SparseMatrix<Scalar, Flags, StorageIndex>>;
+#else
+using EigenIndex = EIGEN_DEFAULT_DENSE_INDEX_TYPE;
+template <typename Scalar, int Flags, typename StorageIndex>
+using EigenMapSparseMatrix = Eigen::MappedSparseMatrix<Scalar, Flags, StorageIndex>;
+#endif
+
+// Matches Eigen::Map, Eigen::Ref, blocks, etc:
+template <typename T>
+using is_eigen_dense_map = all_of<is_template_base_of<Eigen::DenseBase, T>,
+                                  std::is_base_of<Eigen::MapBase<T, Eigen::ReadOnlyAccessors>, T>>;
+template <typename T>
+using is_eigen_mutable_map = std::is_base_of<Eigen::MapBase<T, Eigen::WriteAccessors>, T>;
+template <typename T>
+using is_eigen_dense_plain
+    = all_of<negation<is_eigen_dense_map<T>>, is_template_base_of<Eigen::PlainObjectBase, T>>;
+template <typename T>
+using is_eigen_sparse = is_template_base_of<Eigen::SparseMatrixBase, T>;
+// Test for objects inheriting from EigenBase<Derived> that aren't captured by the above.  This
+// basically covers anything that can be assigned to a dense matrix but that don't have a typical
+// matrix data layout that can be copied from their .data().  For example, DiagonalMatrix and
+// SelfAdjointView fall into this category.
+template <typename T>
+using is_eigen_other
+    = all_of<is_template_base_of<Eigen::EigenBase, T>,
+             negation<any_of<is_eigen_dense_map<T>, is_eigen_dense_plain<T>, is_eigen_sparse<T>>>>;
+
+// Captures numpy/eigen conformability status (returned by EigenProps::conformable()):
+template <bool EigenRowMajor>
+struct EigenConformable {
+    bool conformable = false;
+    EigenIndex rows = 0, cols = 0;
+    EigenDStride stride{0, 0};    // Only valid if negativestrides is false!
+    bool negativestrides = false; // If true, do not use stride!
+
+    // NOLINTNEXTLINE(google-explicit-constructor)
+    EigenConformable(bool fits = false) : conformable{fits} {}
+    // Matrix type:
+    EigenConformable(EigenIndex r, EigenIndex c, EigenIndex rstride, EigenIndex cstride)
+        : conformable{true}, rows{r}, cols{c},
+          // TODO: when Eigen bug #747 is fixed, remove the tests for non-negativity.
+          // http://eigen.tuxfamily.org/bz/show_bug.cgi?id=747
+          stride{EigenRowMajor ? (rstride > 0 ? rstride : 0)
+                               : (cstride > 0 ? cstride : 0) /* outer stride */,
+                 EigenRowMajor ? (cstride > 0 ? cstride : 0)
+                               : (rstride > 0 ? rstride : 0) /* inner stride */},
+          negativestrides{rstride < 0 || cstride < 0} {}
+    // Vector type:
+    EigenConformable(EigenIndex r, EigenIndex c, EigenIndex stride)
+        : EigenConformable(r, c, r == 1 ? c * stride : stride, c == 1 ? r : r * stride) {}
+
+    template <typename props>
+    bool stride_compatible() const {
+        // To have compatible strides, we need (on both dimensions) one of fully dynamic strides,
+        // matching strides, or a dimension size of 1 (in which case the stride value is
+        // irrelevant). Alternatively, if any dimension size is 0, the strides are not relevant
+        // (and numpy ≥ 1.23 sets the strides to 0 in that case, so we need to check explicitly).
+        if (negativestrides) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        if (rows == 0 || cols == 0) {
+            return true;
+        }
+        return (props::inner_stride == Eigen::Dynamic || props::inner_stride == stride.inner()
+                || (EigenRowMajor ? cols : rows) == 1)
+               && (props::outer_stride == Eigen::Dynamic || props::outer_stride == stride.outer()
+                   || (EigenRowMajor ? rows : cols) == 1);
+    }
+    // NOLINTNEXTLINE(google-explicit-constructor)
+    operator bool() const { return conformable; }
+};
+
+template <typename Type>
+struct eigen_extract_stride {
+    using type = Type;
+};
+template <typename PlainObjectType, int MapOptions, typename StrideType>
+struct eigen_extract_stride<Eigen::Map<PlainObjectType, MapOptions, StrideType>> {
+    using type = StrideType;
+};
+template <typename PlainObjectType, int Options, typename StrideType>
+struct eigen_extract_stride<Eigen::Ref<PlainObjectType, Options, StrideType>> {
+    using type = StrideType;
+};
+
+// Helper struct for extracting information from an Eigen type
+template <typename Type_>
+struct EigenProps {
+    using Type = Type_;
+    using Scalar = typename Type::Scalar;
+    using StrideType = typename eigen_extract_stride<Type>::type;
+    static constexpr EigenIndex rows = Type::RowsAtCompileTime, cols = Type::ColsAtCompileTime,
+                                size = Type::SizeAtCompileTime;
+    static constexpr bool row_major = Type::IsRowMajor,
+                          vector
+                          = Type::IsVectorAtCompileTime, // At least one dimension has fixed size 1
+        fixed_rows = rows != Eigen::Dynamic, fixed_cols = cols != Eigen::Dynamic,
+                          fixed = size != Eigen::Dynamic, // Fully-fixed size
+        dynamic = !fixed_rows && !fixed_cols;             // Fully-dynamic size
+
+    template <EigenIndex i, EigenIndex ifzero>
+    using if_zero = std::integral_constant<EigenIndex, i == 0 ? ifzero : i>;
+    static constexpr EigenIndex inner_stride
+        = if_zero<StrideType::InnerStrideAtCompileTime, 1>::value,
+        outer_stride = if_zero < StrideType::OuterStrideAtCompileTime,
+        vector      ? size
+        : row_major ? cols
+                    : rows > ::value;
+    static constexpr bool dynamic_stride
+        = inner_stride == Eigen::Dynamic && outer_stride == Eigen::Dynamic;
+    static constexpr bool requires_row_major
+        = !dynamic_stride && !vector && (row_major ? inner_stride : outer_stride) == 1;
+    static constexpr bool requires_col_major
+        = !dynamic_stride && !vector && (row_major ? outer_stride : inner_stride) == 1;
+
+    // Takes an input array and determines whether we can make it fit into the Eigen type.  If
+    // the array is a vector, we attempt to fit it into either an Eigen 1xN or Nx1 vector
+    // (preferring the latter if it will fit in either, i.e. for a fully dynamic matrix type).
+    static EigenConformable<row_major> conformable(const array &a) {
+        const auto dims = a.ndim();
+        if (dims < 1 || dims > 2) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        if (dims == 2) { // Matrix type: require exact match (or dynamic)
+
+            EigenIndex np_rows = a.shape(0), np_cols = a.shape(1),
+                       np_rstride = a.strides(0) / static_cast<ssize_t>(sizeof(Scalar)),
+                       np_cstride = a.strides(1) / static_cast<ssize_t>(sizeof(Scalar));
+            if ((fixed_rows && np_rows != rows) || (fixed_cols && np_cols != cols)) {
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            return {np_rows, np_cols, np_rstride, np_cstride};
+        }
+
+        // Otherwise we're storing an n-vector.  Only one of the strides will be used, but
+        // whichever is used, we want the (single) numpy stride value.
+        const EigenIndex n = a.shape(0),
+                         stride = a.strides(0) / static_cast<ssize_t>(sizeof(Scalar));
+
+        if (vector) { // Eigen type is a compile-time vector
+            if (fixed && size != n) {
+                return false; // Vector size mismatch
+            }
+            return {rows == 1 ? 1 : n, cols == 1 ? 1 : n, stride};
+        }
+        if (fixed) {
+            // The type has a fixed size, but is not a vector: abort
+            return false;
+        }
+        if (fixed_cols) {
+            // Since this isn't a vector, cols must be != 1.  We allow this only if it exactly
+            // equals the number of elements (rows is Dynamic, and so 1 row is allowed).
+            if (cols != n) {
+                return false;
+            }
+            return {1, n, stride};
+        } // Otherwise it's either fully dynamic, or column dynamic; both become a column vector
+        if (fixed_rows && rows != n) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        return {n, 1, stride};
+    }
+
+    static constexpr bool show_writeable
+        = is_eigen_dense_map<Type>::value && is_eigen_mutable_map<Type>::value;
+    static constexpr bool show_order = is_eigen_dense_map<Type>::value;
+    static constexpr bool show_c_contiguous = show_order && requires_row_major;
+    static constexpr bool show_f_contiguous
+        = !show_c_contiguous && show_order && requires_col_major;
+
+    static constexpr auto descriptor
+        = const_name("typing.Annotated[")
+          + io_name("numpy.typing.ArrayLike, ", "numpy.typing.NDArray[")
+          + npy_format_descriptor<Scalar>::name + io_name("", "]") + const_name(", \"[")
+          + const_name<fixed_rows>(const_name<(size_t) rows>(), const_name("m")) + const_name(", ")
+          + const_name<fixed_cols>(const_name<(size_t) cols>(), const_name("n"))
+          + const_name("]\"")
+          // For a reference type (e.g. Ref<MatrixXd>) we have other constraints that might need to
+          // be satisfied: writeable=True (for a mutable reference), and, depending on the map's
+          // stride options, possibly f_contiguous or c_contiguous.  We include them in the
+          // descriptor output to provide some hint as to why a TypeError is occurring (otherwise
+          // it can be confusing to see that a function accepts a
+          // 'typing.Annotated[numpy.typing.NDArray[numpy.float64], "[3,2]"]' and an error message
+          // that you *gave* a numpy.ndarray of the right type and dimensions.
+          + const_name<show_writeable>(", \"flags.writeable\"", "")
+          + const_name<show_c_contiguous>(", \"flags.c_contiguous\"", "")
+          + const_name<show_f_contiguous>(", \"flags.f_contiguous\"", "") + const_name("]");
+};
+
+// Casts an Eigen type to numpy array.  If given a base, the numpy array references the src data,
+// otherwise it'll make a copy.  writeable lets you turn off the writeable flag for the array.
+template <typename props>
+handle
+eigen_array_cast(typename props::Type const &src, handle base = handle(), bool writeable = true) {
+    constexpr ssize_t elem_size = sizeof(typename props::Scalar);
+    array a;
+    if (props::vector) {
+        a = array({src.size()}, {elem_size * src.innerStride()}, src.data(), base);
+    } else {
+        a = array({src.rows(), src.cols()},
+                  {elem_size * src.rowStride(), elem_size * src.colStride()},
+                  src.data(),
+                  base);
+    }
+
+    if (!writeable) {
+        array_proxy(a.ptr())->flags &= ~detail::npy_api::NPY_ARRAY_WRITEABLE_;
+    }
+
+    return a.release();
+}
+
+// Takes an lvalue ref to some Eigen type and a (python) base object, creating a numpy array that
+// reference the Eigen object's data with `base` as the python-registered base class (if omitted,
+// the base will be set to None, and lifetime management is up to the caller).  The numpy array is
+// non-writeable if the given type is const.
+template <typename props, typename Type>
+handle eigen_ref_array(Type &src, handle parent = none()) {
+    // none here is to get past array's should-we-copy detection, which currently always
+    // copies when there is no base.  Setting the base to None should be harmless.
+    return eigen_array_cast<props>(src, parent, !std::is_const<Type>::value);
+}
+
+// Takes a pointer to some dense, plain Eigen type, builds a capsule around it, then returns a
+// numpy array that references the encapsulated data with a python-side reference to the capsule to
+// tie its destruction to that of any dependent python objects.  Const-ness is determined by
+// whether or not the Type of the pointer given is const.
+template <typename props, typename Type, typename = enable_if_t<is_eigen_dense_plain<Type>::value>>
+handle eigen_encapsulate(Type *src) {
+    capsule base(src, [](void *o) { delete static_cast<Type *>(o); });
+    return eigen_ref_array<props>(*src, base);
+}
+
+// Type caster for regular, dense matrix types (e.g. MatrixXd), but not maps/refs/etc. of dense
+// types.
+template <typename Type>
+struct type_caster<Type, enable_if_t<is_eigen_dense_plain<Type>::value>> {
+    using Scalar = typename Type::Scalar;
+    static_assert(!std::is_pointer<Scalar>::value,
+                  PYBIND11_EIGEN_MESSAGE_POINTER_TYPES_ARE_NOT_SUPPORTED);
+    using props = EigenProps<Type>;
+
+    bool load(handle src, bool convert) {
+        // If we're in no-convert mode, only load if given an array of the correct type
+        if (!convert && !isinstance<array_t<Scalar>>(src)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        // Coerce into an array, but don't do type conversion yet; the copy below handles it.
+        auto buf = array::ensure(src);
+
+        if (!buf) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        auto dims = buf.ndim();
+        if (dims < 1 || dims > 2) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        auto fits = props::conformable(buf);
+        if (!fits) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        PYBIND11_WARNING_PUSH
+        PYBIND11_WARNING_DISABLE_GCC("-Wmaybe-uninitialized") // See PR #5516
+        // Allocate the new type, then build a numpy reference into it
+        value = Type(fits.rows, fits.cols);
+        PYBIND11_WARNING_POP
+        auto ref = reinterpret_steal<array>(eigen_ref_array<props>(value));
+        if (dims == 1) {
+            ref = ref.squeeze();
+        } else if (ref.ndim() == 1) {
+            buf = buf.squeeze();
+        }
+
+        int result = detail::npy_api::get().PyArray_CopyInto_(ref.ptr(), buf.ptr());
+
+        if (result < 0) { // Copy failed!
+            PyErr_Clear();
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+private:
+    // Cast implementation
+    template <typename CType>
+    static handle cast_impl(CType *src, return_value_policy policy, handle parent) {
+        switch (policy) {
+            case return_value_policy::take_ownership:
+            case return_value_policy::automatic:
+                return eigen_encapsulate<props>(src);
+            case return_value_policy::move:
+                return eigen_encapsulate<props>(new CType(std::move(*src)));
+            case return_value_policy::copy:
+                return eigen_array_cast<props>(*src);
+            case return_value_policy::reference:
+            case return_value_policy::automatic_reference:
+                return eigen_ref_array<props>(*src);
+            case return_value_policy::reference_internal:
+                return eigen_ref_array<props>(*src, parent);
+            default:
+                throw cast_error("unhandled return_value_policy: should not happen!");
+        };
+    }
+
+public:
+    // Normal returned non-reference, non-const value:
+    static handle cast(Type &&src, return_value_policy /* policy */, handle parent) {
+        return cast_impl(&src, return_value_policy::move, parent);
+    }
+    // If you return a non-reference const, we mark the numpy array readonly:
+    static handle cast(const Type &&src, return_value_policy /* policy */, handle parent) {
+        return cast_impl(&src, return_value_policy::move, parent);
+    }
+    // lvalue reference return; default (automatic) becomes copy
+    static handle cast(Type &src, return_value_policy policy, handle parent) {
+        if (policy == return_value_policy::automatic
+            || policy == return_value_policy::automatic_reference) {
+            policy = return_value_policy::copy;
+        }
+        return cast_impl(&src, policy, parent);
+    }
+    // const lvalue reference return; default (automatic) becomes copy
+    static handle cast(const Type &src, return_value_policy policy, handle parent) {
+        if (policy == return_value_policy::automatic
+            || policy == return_value_policy::automatic_reference) {
+            policy = return_value_policy::copy;
+        }
+        return cast(&src, policy, parent);
+    }
+    // non-const pointer return
+    static handle cast(Type *src, return_value_policy policy, handle parent) {
+        return cast_impl(src, policy, parent);
+    }
+    // const pointer return
+    static handle cast(const Type *src, return_value_policy policy, handle parent) {
+        return cast_impl(src, policy, parent);
+    }
+
+    static constexpr auto name = props::descriptor;
+
+    // NOLINTNEXTLINE(google-explicit-constructor)
+    operator Type *() { return &value; }
+    // NOLINTNEXTLINE(google-explicit-constructor)
+    operator Type &() { return value; }
+    // NOLINTNEXTLINE(google-explicit-constructor)
+    operator Type &&() && { return std::move(value); }
+    template <typename T>
+    using cast_op_type = movable_cast_op_type<T>;
+
+private:
+    Type value;
+};
+
+// Base class for casting reference/map/block/etc. objects back to python.
+template <typename MapType>
+struct eigen_map_caster {
+    static_assert(!std::is_pointer<typename MapType::Scalar>::value,
+                  PYBIND11_EIGEN_MESSAGE_POINTER_TYPES_ARE_NOT_SUPPORTED);
+
+private:
+    using props = EigenProps<MapType>;
+
+public:
+    // Directly referencing a ref/map's data is a bit dangerous (whatever the map/ref points to has
+    // to stay around), but we'll allow it under the assumption that you know what you're doing
+    // (and have an appropriate keep_alive in place).  We return a numpy array pointing directly at
+    // the ref's data (The numpy array ends up read-only if the ref was to a const matrix type.)
+    // Note that this means you need to ensure you don't destroy the object in some other way (e.g.
+    // with an appropriate keep_alive, or with a reference to a statically allocated matrix).
+    static handle cast(const MapType &src, return_value_policy policy, handle parent) {
+        switch (policy) {
+            case return_value_policy::copy:
+                return eigen_array_cast<props>(src);
+            case return_value_policy::reference_internal:
+                return eigen_array_cast<props>(src, parent, is_eigen_mutable_map<MapType>::value);
+            case return_value_policy::reference:
+            case return_value_policy::automatic:
+            case return_value_policy::automatic_reference:
+                return eigen_array_cast<props>(src, none(), is_eigen_mutable_map<MapType>::value);
+            default:
+                // move, take_ownership don't make any sense for a ref/map:
+                pybind11_fail("Invalid return_value_policy for Eigen Map/Ref/Block type");
+        }
+    }
+
+    // return_descr forces the use of NDArray instead of ArrayLike in args
+    // since Ref<...> args can only accept arrays.
+    static constexpr auto name = return_descr(props::descriptor);
+
+    // Explicitly delete these: support python -> C++ conversion on these (i.e. these can be return
+    // types but not bound arguments).  We still provide them (with an explicitly delete) so that
+    // you end up here if you try anyway.
+    bool load(handle, bool) = delete;
+    operator MapType() = delete;
+    template <typename>
+    using cast_op_type = MapType;
+};
+
+// We can return any map-like object (but can only load Refs, specialized next):
+template <typename Type>
+struct type_caster<Type, enable_if_t<is_eigen_dense_map<Type>::value>> : eigen_map_caster<Type> {};
+
+// Loader for Ref<...> arguments.  See the documentation for info on how to make this work without
+// copying (it requires some extra effort in many cases).
+template <typename PlainObjectType, typename StrideType>
+struct type_caster<
+    Eigen::Ref<PlainObjectType, 0, StrideType>,
+    enable_if_t<is_eigen_dense_map<Eigen::Ref<PlainObjectType, 0, StrideType>>::value>>
+    : public eigen_map_caster<Eigen::Ref<PlainObjectType, 0, StrideType>> {
+private:
+    using Type = Eigen::Ref<PlainObjectType, 0, StrideType>;
+    using props = EigenProps<Type>;
+    using Scalar = typename props::Scalar;
+    static_assert(!std::is_pointer<Scalar>::value,
+                  PYBIND11_EIGEN_MESSAGE_POINTER_TYPES_ARE_NOT_SUPPORTED);
+    using MapType = Eigen::Map<PlainObjectType, 0, StrideType>;
+    using Array
+        = array_t<Scalar,
+                  array::forcecast
+                      | ((props::row_major ? props::inner_stride : props::outer_stride) == 1
+                             ? array::c_style
+                         : (props::row_major ? props::outer_stride : props::inner_stride) == 1
+                             ? array::f_style
+                             : 0)>;
+    static constexpr bool need_writeable = is_eigen_mutable_map<Type>::value;
+    // Delay construction (these have no default constructor)
+    std::unique_ptr<MapType> map;
+    std::unique_ptr<Type> ref;
+    // Our array.  When possible, this is just a numpy array pointing to the source data, but
+    // sometimes we can't avoid copying (e.g. input is not a numpy array at all, has an
+    // incompatible layout, or is an array of a type that needs to be converted).  Using a numpy
+    // temporary (rather than an Eigen temporary) saves an extra copy when we need both type
+    // conversion and storage order conversion.  (Note that we refuse to use this temporary copy
+    // when loading an argument for a Ref<M> with M non-const, i.e. a read-write reference).
+    Array copy_or_ref;
+
+public:
+    bool load(handle src, bool convert) {
+        // First check whether what we have is already an array of the right type.  If not, we
+        // can't avoid a copy (because the copy is also going to do type conversion).
+        bool need_copy = !isinstance<Array>(src);
+
+        EigenConformable<props::row_major> fits;
+        if (!need_copy) {
+            // We don't need a converting copy, but we also need to check whether the strides are
+            // compatible with the Ref's stride requirements
+            auto aref = reinterpret_borrow<Array>(src);
+
+            if (aref && (!need_writeable || aref.writeable())) {
+                fits = props::conformable(aref);
+                if (!fits) {
+                    return false; // Incompatible dimensions
+                }
+                if (!fits.template stride_compatible<props>()) {
+                    need_copy = true;
+                } else {
+                    copy_or_ref = std::move(aref);
+                }
+            } else {
+                need_copy = true;
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (need_copy) {
+            // We need to copy: If we need a mutable reference, or we're not supposed to convert
+            // (either because we're in the no-convert overload pass, or because we're explicitly
+            // instructed not to copy (via `py::arg().noconvert()`) we have to fail loading.
+            if (!convert || need_writeable) {
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            Array copy = Array::ensure(src);
+            if (!copy) {
+                return false;
+            }
+            fits = props::conformable(copy);
+            if (!fits || !fits.template stride_compatible<props>()) {
+                return false;
+            }
+            copy_or_ref = std::move(copy);
+            loader_life_support::add_patient(copy_or_ref);
+        }
+
+        ref.reset();
+        map.reset(new MapType(data(copy_or_ref),
+                              fits.rows,
+                              fits.cols,
+                              make_stride(fits.stride.outer(), fits.stride.inner())));
+        ref.reset(new Type(*map));
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    // NOLINTNEXTLINE(google-explicit-constructor)
+    operator Type *() { return ref.get(); }
+    // NOLINTNEXTLINE(google-explicit-constructor)
+    operator Type &() { return *ref; }
+    template <typename _T>
+    using cast_op_type = pybind11::detail::cast_op_type<_T>;
+
+private:
+    template <typename T = Type, enable_if_t<is_eigen_mutable_map<T>::value, int> = 0>
+    Scalar *data(Array &a) {
+        return a.mutable_data();
+    }
+
+    template <typename T = Type, enable_if_t<!is_eigen_mutable_map<T>::value, int> = 0>
+    const Scalar *data(Array &a) {
+        return a.data();
+    }
+
+    // Attempt to figure out a constructor of `Stride` that will work.
+    // If both strides are fixed, use a default constructor:
+    template <typename S>
+    using stride_ctor_default = bool_constant<S::InnerStrideAtCompileTime != Eigen::Dynamic
+                                              && S::OuterStrideAtCompileTime != Eigen::Dynamic
+                                              && std::is_default_constructible<S>::value>;
+    // Otherwise, if there is a two-index constructor, assume it is (outer,inner) like
+    // Eigen::Stride, and use it:
+    template <typename S>
+    using stride_ctor_dual
+        = bool_constant<!stride_ctor_default<S>::value
+                        && std::is_constructible<S, EigenIndex, EigenIndex>::value>;
+    // Otherwise, if there is a one-index constructor, and just one of the strides is dynamic, use
+    // it (passing whichever stride is dynamic).
+    template <typename S>
+    using stride_ctor_outer
+        = bool_constant<!any_of<stride_ctor_default<S>, stride_ctor_dual<S>>::value
+                        && S::OuterStrideAtCompileTime == Eigen::Dynamic
+                        && S::InnerStrideAtCompileTime != Eigen::Dynamic
+                        && std::is_constructible<S, EigenIndex>::value>;
+    template <typename S>
+    using stride_ctor_inner
+        = bool_constant<!any_of<stride_ctor_default<S>, stride_ctor_dual<S>>::value
+                        && S::InnerStrideAtCompileTime == Eigen::Dynamic
+                        && S::OuterStrideAtCompileTime != Eigen::Dynamic
+                        && std::is_constructible<S, EigenIndex>::value>;
+
+    template <typename S = StrideType, enable_if_t<stride_ctor_default<S>::value, int> = 0>
+    static S make_stride(EigenIndex, EigenIndex) {
+        return S();
+    }
+    template <typename S = StrideType, enable_if_t<stride_ctor_dual<S>::value, int> = 0>
+    static S make_stride(EigenIndex outer, EigenIndex inner) {
+        return S(outer, inner);
+    }
+    template <typename S = StrideType, enable_if_t<stride_ctor_outer<S>::value, int> = 0>
+    static S make_stride(EigenIndex outer, EigenIndex) {
+        return S(outer);
+    }
+    template <typename S = StrideType, enable_if_t<stride_ctor_inner<S>::value, int> = 0>
+    static S make_stride(EigenIndex, EigenIndex inner) {
+        return S(inner);
+    }
+};
+
+// type_caster for special matrix types (e.g. DiagonalMatrix), which are EigenBase, but not
+// EigenDense (i.e. they don't have a data(), at least not with the usual matrix layout).
+// load() is not supported, but we can cast them into the python domain by first copying to a
+// regular Eigen::Matrix, then casting that.
+template <typename Type>
+struct type_caster<Type, enable_if_t<is_eigen_other<Type>::value>> {
+    static_assert(!std::is_pointer<typename Type::Scalar>::value,
+                  PYBIND11_EIGEN_MESSAGE_POINTER_TYPES_ARE_NOT_SUPPORTED);
+
+protected:
+    using Matrix
+        = Eigen::Matrix<typename Type::Scalar, Type::RowsAtCompileTime, Type::ColsAtCompileTime>;
+    using props = EigenProps<Matrix>;
+
+public:
+    static handle cast(const Type &src, return_value_policy /* policy */, handle /* parent */) {
+        handle h = eigen_encapsulate<props>(new Matrix(src));
+        return h;
+    }
+    static handle cast(const Type *src, return_value_policy policy, handle parent) {
+        return cast(*src, policy, parent);
+    }
+
+    static constexpr auto name = props::descriptor;
+
+    // Explicitly delete these: support python -> C++ conversion on these (i.e. these can be return
+    // types but not bound arguments).  We still provide them (with an explicitly delete) so that
+    // you end up here if you try anyway.
+    bool load(handle, bool) = delete;
+    operator Type() = delete;
+    template <typename>
+    using cast_op_type = Type;
+};
+
+template <typename Type>
+struct type_caster<Type, enable_if_t<is_eigen_sparse<Type>::value>> {
+    using Scalar = typename Type::Scalar;
+    static_assert(!std::is_pointer<Scalar>::value,
+                  PYBIND11_EIGEN_MESSAGE_POINTER_TYPES_ARE_NOT_SUPPORTED);
+    using StorageIndex = remove_reference_t<decltype(*std::declval<Type>().outerIndexPtr())>;
+    using Index = typename Type::Index;
+    static constexpr bool rowMajor = Type::IsRowMajor;
+
+    bool load(handle src, bool) {
+        if (!src) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        auto obj = reinterpret_borrow<object>(src);
+        object sparse_module = module_::import("scipy.sparse");
+        object matrix_type = sparse_module.attr(rowMajor ? "csr_matrix" : "csc_matrix");
+
+        if (!type::handle_of(obj).is(matrix_type)) {
+            try {
+                obj = matrix_type(obj);
+            } catch (const error_already_set &) {
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+
+        auto values = array_t<Scalar>((object) obj.attr("data"));
+        auto innerIndices = array_t<StorageIndex>((object) obj.attr("indices"));
+        auto outerIndices = array_t<StorageIndex>((object) obj.attr("indptr"));
+        auto shape = pybind11::tuple((pybind11::object) obj.attr("shape"));
+        auto nnz = obj.attr("nnz").cast<Index>();
+
+        if (!values || !innerIndices || !outerIndices) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        value = EigenMapSparseMatrix<Scalar,
+                                     Type::Flags &(Eigen::RowMajor | Eigen::ColMajor),
+                                     StorageIndex>(shape[0].cast<Index>(),
+                                                   shape[1].cast<Index>(),
+                                                   std::move(nnz),
+                                                   outerIndices.mutable_data(),
+                                                   innerIndices.mutable_data(),
+                                                   values.mutable_data());
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    static handle cast(const Type &src, return_value_policy /* policy */, handle /* parent */) {
+        const_cast<Type &>(src).makeCompressed();
+
+        object matrix_type
+            = module_::import("scipy.sparse").attr(rowMajor ? "csr_matrix" : "csc_matrix");
+
+        array data(src.nonZeros(), src.valuePtr());
+        array outerIndices((rowMajor ? src.rows() : src.cols()) + 1, src.outerIndexPtr());
+        array innerIndices(src.nonZeros(), src.innerIndexPtr());
+
+        return matrix_type(pybind11::make_tuple(
+                               std::move(data), std::move(innerIndices), std::move(outerIndices)),
+                           pybind11::make_tuple(src.rows(), src.cols()))
+            .release();
+    }
+
+    PYBIND11_TYPE_CASTER(Type,
+                         const_name<(Type::IsRowMajor) != 0>("scipy.sparse.csr_matrix[",
+                                                             "scipy.sparse.csc_matrix[")
+                             + npy_format_descriptor<Scalar>::name + const_name("]"));
+};
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_END(detail)
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_END(PYBIND11_NAMESPACE)

deps_src/pybind11/include/pybind11/eigen/tensor.h

@@ -0,0 +1,521 @@
+/*
+    pybind11/eigen/tensor.h: Transparent conversion for Eigen tensors
+
+    All rights reserved. Use of this source code is governed by a
+    BSD-style license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+*/
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <pybind11/numpy.h>
+
+#include "common.h"
+
+#if defined(__GNUC__) && !defined(__clang__) && !defined(__INTEL_COMPILER)
+static_assert(__GNUC__ > 5, "Eigen Tensor support in pybind11 requires GCC > 5.0");
+#endif
+
+// Disable warnings for Eigen
+PYBIND11_WARNING_PUSH
+PYBIND11_WARNING_DISABLE_MSVC(4554)
+PYBIND11_WARNING_DISABLE_MSVC(4127)
+#if defined(__MINGW32__)
+PYBIND11_WARNING_DISABLE_GCC("-Wmaybe-uninitialized")
+#endif
+
+#include <unsupported/Eigen/CXX11/Tensor>
+
+PYBIND11_WARNING_POP
+
+static_assert(EIGEN_VERSION_AT_LEAST(3, 3, 0),
+              "Eigen Tensor support in pybind11 requires Eigen >= 3.3.0");
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_BEGIN(PYBIND11_NAMESPACE)
+
+PYBIND11_WARNING_DISABLE_MSVC(4127)
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_BEGIN(detail)
+
+inline bool is_tensor_aligned(const void *data) {
+    return (reinterpret_cast<std::size_t>(data) % EIGEN_DEFAULT_ALIGN_BYTES) == 0;
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+constexpr int compute_array_flag_from_tensor() {
+    static_assert((static_cast<int>(T::Layout) == static_cast<int>(Eigen::RowMajor))
+                      || (static_cast<int>(T::Layout) == static_cast<int>(Eigen::ColMajor)),
+                  "Layout must be row or column major");
+    return (static_cast<int>(T::Layout) == static_cast<int>(Eigen::RowMajor)) ? array::c_style
+                                                                              : array::f_style;
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+struct eigen_tensor_helper {};
+
+template <typename Scalar_, int NumIndices_, int Options_, typename IndexType>
+struct eigen_tensor_helper<Eigen::Tensor<Scalar_, NumIndices_, Options_, IndexType>> {
+    using Type = Eigen::Tensor<Scalar_, NumIndices_, Options_, IndexType>;
+    using ValidType = void;
+
+    static Eigen::DSizes<typename Type::Index, Type::NumIndices> get_shape(const Type &f) {
+        return f.dimensions();
+    }
+
+    static constexpr bool
+    is_correct_shape(const Eigen::DSizes<typename Type::Index, Type::NumIndices> & /*shape*/) {
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    template <typename T>
+    struct helper {};
+
+    template <size_t... Is>
+    struct helper<index_sequence<Is...>> {
+        static constexpr auto value = ::pybind11::detail::concat(const_name(((void) Is, "?"))...);
+    };
+
+    static constexpr auto dimensions_descriptor
+        = helper<decltype(make_index_sequence<Type::NumIndices>())>::value;
+
+    template <typename... Args>
+    static Type *alloc(Args &&...args) {
+        return new Type(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+    }
+
+    static void free(Type *tensor) { delete tensor; }
+};
+
+template <typename Scalar_, typename std::ptrdiff_t... Indices, int Options_, typename IndexType>
+struct eigen_tensor_helper<
+    Eigen::TensorFixedSize<Scalar_, Eigen::Sizes<Indices...>, Options_, IndexType>> {
+    using Type = Eigen::TensorFixedSize<Scalar_, Eigen::Sizes<Indices...>, Options_, IndexType>;
+    using ValidType = void;
+
+    static constexpr Eigen::DSizes<typename Type::Index, Type::NumIndices>
+    get_shape(const Type & /*f*/) {
+        return get_shape();
+    }
+
+    static constexpr Eigen::DSizes<typename Type::Index, Type::NumIndices> get_shape() {
+        return Eigen::DSizes<typename Type::Index, Type::NumIndices>(Indices...);
+    }
+
+    static bool
+    is_correct_shape(const Eigen::DSizes<typename Type::Index, Type::NumIndices> &shape) {
+        return get_shape() == shape;
+    }
+
+    static constexpr auto dimensions_descriptor
+        = ::pybind11::detail::concat(const_name<Indices>()...);
+
+    template <typename... Args>
+    static Type *alloc(Args &&...args) {
+        Eigen::aligned_allocator<Type> allocator;
+        return ::new (allocator.allocate(1)) Type(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+    }
+
+    static void free(Type *tensor) {
+        Eigen::aligned_allocator<Type> allocator;
+        tensor->~Type();
+        allocator.deallocate(tensor, 1);
+    }
+};
+
+template <typename Type, bool ShowDetails, bool NeedsWriteable = false>
+struct get_tensor_descriptor {
+    static constexpr auto details
+        = const_name<NeedsWriteable>(", \"flags.writeable\"", "") + const_name
+              < static_cast<int>(Type::Layout)
+          == static_cast<int>(Eigen::RowMajor)
+                 > (", \"flags.c_contiguous\"", ", \"flags.f_contiguous\"");
+    static constexpr auto value
+        = const_name("typing.Annotated[")
+          + io_name("numpy.typing.ArrayLike, ", "numpy.typing.NDArray[")
+          + npy_format_descriptor<typename Type::Scalar>::name + io_name("", "]")
+          + const_name(", \"[") + eigen_tensor_helper<remove_cv_t<Type>>::dimensions_descriptor
+          + const_name("]\"") + const_name<ShowDetails>(details, const_name("")) + const_name("]");
+};
+
+// When EIGEN_AVOID_STL_ARRAY is defined, Eigen::DSizes<T, 0> does not have the begin() member
+// function. Falling back to a simple loop works around this issue.
+//
+// We need to disable the type-limits warning for the inner loop when size = 0.
+
+PYBIND11_WARNING_PUSH
+PYBIND11_WARNING_DISABLE_GCC("-Wtype-limits")
+
+template <typename T, int size>
+std::vector<T> convert_dsizes_to_vector(const Eigen::DSizes<T, size> &arr) {
+    std::vector<T> result(size);
+
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < size; i++) {
+        result[i] = arr[i];
+    }
+
+    return result;
+}
+
+template <typename T, int size>
+Eigen::DSizes<T, size> get_shape_for_array(const array &arr) {
+    Eigen::DSizes<T, size> result;
+    const T *shape = arr.shape();
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < size; i++) {
+        result[i] = shape[i];
+    }
+
+    return result;
+}
+
+PYBIND11_WARNING_POP
+
+template <typename Type>
+struct type_caster<Type, typename eigen_tensor_helper<Type>::ValidType> {
+    static_assert(!std::is_pointer<typename Type::Scalar>::value,
+                  PYBIND11_EIGEN_MESSAGE_POINTER_TYPES_ARE_NOT_SUPPORTED);
+    using Helper = eigen_tensor_helper<Type>;
+    static constexpr auto temp_name = get_tensor_descriptor<Type, false>::value;
+    PYBIND11_TYPE_CASTER(Type, temp_name);
+
+    bool load(handle src, bool convert) {
+        if (!convert) {
+            if (!isinstance<array>(src)) {
+                return false;
+            }
+            array temp = array::ensure(src);
+            if (!temp) {
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            if (!temp.dtype().is(dtype::of<typename Type::Scalar>())) {
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+
+        array_t<typename Type::Scalar, compute_array_flag_from_tensor<Type>()> arr(
+            reinterpret_borrow<object>(src));
+
+        if (arr.ndim() != Type::NumIndices) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        auto shape = get_shape_for_array<typename Type::Index, Type::NumIndices>(arr);
+
+        if (!Helper::is_correct_shape(shape)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+#if EIGEN_VERSION_AT_LEAST(3, 4, 0)
+        auto data_pointer = arr.data();
+#else
+        // Handle Eigen bug
+        auto data_pointer = const_cast<typename Type::Scalar *>(arr.data());
+#endif
+
+        if (is_tensor_aligned(arr.data())) {
+            value = Eigen::TensorMap<const Type, Eigen::Aligned>(data_pointer, shape);
+        } else {
+            value = Eigen::TensorMap<const Type>(data_pointer, shape);
+        }
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    static handle cast(Type &&src, return_value_policy policy, handle parent) {
+        if (policy == return_value_policy::reference
+            || policy == return_value_policy::reference_internal) {
+            pybind11_fail("Cannot use a reference return value policy for an rvalue");
+        }
+        return cast_impl(&src, return_value_policy::move, parent);
+    }
+
+    static handle cast(const Type &&src, return_value_policy policy, handle parent) {
+        if (policy == return_value_policy::reference
+            || policy == return_value_policy::reference_internal) {
+            pybind11_fail("Cannot use a reference return value policy for an rvalue");
+        }
+        return cast_impl(&src, return_value_policy::move, parent);
+    }
+
+    static handle cast(Type &src, return_value_policy policy, handle parent) {
+        if (policy == return_value_policy::automatic
+            || policy == return_value_policy::automatic_reference) {
+            policy = return_value_policy::copy;
+        }
+        return cast_impl(&src, policy, parent);
+    }
+
+    static handle cast(const Type &src, return_value_policy policy, handle parent) {
+        if (policy == return_value_policy::automatic
+            || policy == return_value_policy::automatic_reference) {
+            policy = return_value_policy::copy;
+        }
+        return cast(&src, policy, parent);
+    }
+
+    static handle cast(Type *src, return_value_policy policy, handle parent) {
+        if (policy == return_value_policy::automatic) {
+            policy = return_value_policy::take_ownership;
+        } else if (policy == return_value_policy::automatic_reference) {
+            policy = return_value_policy::reference;
+        }
+        return cast_impl(src, policy, parent);
+    }
+
+    static handle cast(const Type *src, return_value_policy policy, handle parent) {
+        if (policy == return_value_policy::automatic) {
+            policy = return_value_policy::take_ownership;
+        } else if (policy == return_value_policy::automatic_reference) {
+            policy = return_value_policy::reference;
+        }
+        return cast_impl(src, policy, parent);
+    }
+
+    template <typename C>
+    static handle cast_impl(C *src, return_value_policy policy, handle parent) {
+        object parent_object;
+        bool writeable = false;
+        switch (policy) {
+            case return_value_policy::move:
+                if (std::is_const<C>::value) {
+                    pybind11_fail("Cannot move from a constant reference");
+                }
+
+                src = Helper::alloc(std::move(*src));
+
+                parent_object
+                    = capsule(src, [](void *ptr) { Helper::free(reinterpret_cast<Type *>(ptr)); });
+                writeable = true;
+                break;
+
+            case return_value_policy::take_ownership:
+                if (std::is_const<C>::value) {
+                    // This cast is ugly, and might be UB in some cases, but we don't have an
+                    // alternative here as we must free that memory
+                    Helper::free(const_cast<Type *>(src));
+                    pybind11_fail("Cannot take ownership of a const reference");
+                }
+
+                parent_object
+                    = capsule(src, [](void *ptr) { Helper::free(reinterpret_cast<Type *>(ptr)); });
+                writeable = true;
+                break;
+
+            case return_value_policy::copy:
+                writeable = true;
+                break;
+
+            case return_value_policy::reference:
+                parent_object = none();
+                writeable = !std::is_const<C>::value;
+                break;
+
+            case return_value_policy::reference_internal:
+                // Default should do the right thing
+                if (!parent) {
+                    pybind11_fail("Cannot use reference internal when there is no parent");
+                }
+                parent_object = reinterpret_borrow<object>(parent);
+                writeable = !std::is_const<C>::value;
+                break;
+
+            default:
+                pybind11_fail("pybind11 bug in eigen.h, please file a bug report");
+        }
+
+        auto result = array_t<typename Type::Scalar, compute_array_flag_from_tensor<Type>()>(
+            convert_dsizes_to_vector(Helper::get_shape(*src)), src->data(), parent_object);
+
+        if (!writeable) {
+            array_proxy(result.ptr())->flags &= ~detail::npy_api::NPY_ARRAY_WRITEABLE_;
+        }
+
+        return result.release();
+    }
+};
+
+template <typename StoragePointerType,
+          bool needs_writeable,
+          enable_if_t<!needs_writeable, bool> = true>
+StoragePointerType get_array_data_for_type(array &arr) {
+#if EIGEN_VERSION_AT_LEAST(3, 4, 0)
+    return reinterpret_cast<StoragePointerType>(arr.data());
+#else
+    // Handle Eigen bug
+    return reinterpret_cast<StoragePointerType>(const_cast<void *>(arr.data()));
+#endif
+}
+
+template <typename StoragePointerType,
+          bool needs_writeable,
+          enable_if_t<needs_writeable, bool> = true>
+StoragePointerType get_array_data_for_type(array &arr) {
+    return reinterpret_cast<StoragePointerType>(arr.mutable_data());
+}
+
+template <typename T, typename = void>
+struct get_storage_pointer_type;
+
+template <typename MapType>
+struct get_storage_pointer_type<MapType, void_t<typename MapType::StoragePointerType>> {
+    using SPT = typename MapType::StoragePointerType;
+};
+
+template <typename MapType>
+struct get_storage_pointer_type<MapType, void_t<typename MapType::PointerArgType>> {
+    using SPT = typename MapType::PointerArgType;
+};
+
+template <typename Type, int Options>
+struct type_caster<Eigen::TensorMap<Type, Options>,
+                   typename eigen_tensor_helper<remove_cv_t<Type>>::ValidType> {
+    static_assert(!std::is_pointer<typename Type::Scalar>::value,
+                  PYBIND11_EIGEN_MESSAGE_POINTER_TYPES_ARE_NOT_SUPPORTED);
+    using MapType = Eigen::TensorMap<Type, Options>;
+    using Helper = eigen_tensor_helper<remove_cv_t<Type>>;
+
+    bool load(handle src, bool /*convert*/) {
+        // Note that we have a lot more checks here as we want to make sure to avoid copies
+        if (!isinstance<array>(src)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        auto arr = reinterpret_borrow<array>(src);
+        if ((arr.flags() & compute_array_flag_from_tensor<Type>()) == 0) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        if (!arr.dtype().is(dtype::of<typename Type::Scalar>())) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        if (arr.ndim() != Type::NumIndices) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        constexpr bool is_aligned = (Options & Eigen::Aligned) != 0;
+
+        if (is_aligned && !is_tensor_aligned(arr.data())) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        auto shape = get_shape_for_array<typename Type::Index, Type::NumIndices>(arr);
+
+        if (!Helper::is_correct_shape(shape)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        if (needs_writeable && !arr.writeable()) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        auto result = get_array_data_for_type<typename get_storage_pointer_type<MapType>::SPT,
+                                              needs_writeable>(arr);
+
+        value.reset(new MapType(std::move(result), std::move(shape)));
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    static handle cast(MapType &&src, return_value_policy policy, handle parent) {
+        return cast_impl(&src, policy, parent);
+    }
+
+    static handle cast(const MapType &&src, return_value_policy policy, handle parent) {
+        return cast_impl(&src, policy, parent);
+    }
+
+    static handle cast(MapType &src, return_value_policy policy, handle parent) {
+        if (policy == return_value_policy::automatic
+            || policy == return_value_policy::automatic_reference) {
+            policy = return_value_policy::copy;
+        }
+        return cast_impl(&src, policy, parent);
+    }
+
+    static handle cast(const MapType &src, return_value_policy policy, handle parent) {
+        if (policy == return_value_policy::automatic
+            || policy == return_value_policy::automatic_reference) {
+            policy = return_value_policy::copy;
+        }
+        return cast(&src, policy, parent);
+    }
+
+    static handle cast(MapType *src, return_value_policy policy, handle parent) {
+        if (policy == return_value_policy::automatic) {
+            policy = return_value_policy::take_ownership;
+        } else if (policy == return_value_policy::automatic_reference) {
+            policy = return_value_policy::reference;
+        }
+        return cast_impl(src, policy, parent);
+    }
+
+    static handle cast(const MapType *src, return_value_policy policy, handle parent) {
+        if (policy == return_value_policy::automatic) {
+            policy = return_value_policy::take_ownership;
+        } else if (policy == return_value_policy::automatic_reference) {
+            policy = return_value_policy::reference;
+        }
+        return cast_impl(src, policy, parent);
+    }
+
+    template <typename C>
+    static handle cast_impl(C *src, return_value_policy policy, handle parent) {
+        object parent_object;
+        constexpr bool writeable = !std::is_const<C>::value;
+        switch (policy) {
+            case return_value_policy::reference:
+                parent_object = none();
+                break;
+
+            case return_value_policy::reference_internal:
+                // Default should do the right thing
+                if (!parent) {
+                    pybind11_fail("Cannot use reference internal when there is no parent");
+                }
+                parent_object = reinterpret_borrow<object>(parent);
+                break;
+
+            default:
+                // move, take_ownership don't make any sense for a ref/map:
+                pybind11_fail("Invalid return_value_policy for Eigen Map type, must be either "
+                              "reference or reference_internal");
+        }
+
+        auto result = array_t<typename Type::Scalar, compute_array_flag_from_tensor<Type>()>(
+            convert_dsizes_to_vector(Helper::get_shape(*src)),
+            src->data(),
+            std::move(parent_object));
+
+        if (!writeable) {
+            array_proxy(result.ptr())->flags &= ~detail::npy_api::NPY_ARRAY_WRITEABLE_;
+        }
+
+        return result.release();
+    }
+
+#if EIGEN_VERSION_AT_LEAST(3, 4, 0)
+
+    static constexpr bool needs_writeable = !std::is_const<typename std::remove_pointer<
+        typename get_storage_pointer_type<MapType>::SPT>::type>::value;
+#else
+    // Handle Eigen bug
+    static constexpr bool needs_writeable = !std::is_const<Type>::value;
+#endif
+
+protected:
+    // TODO: Move to std::optional once std::optional has more support
+    std::unique_ptr<MapType> value;
+
+public:
+    // return_descr forces the use of NDArray instead of ArrayLike since refs can only reference
+    // arrays
+    static constexpr auto name
+        = return_descr(get_tensor_descriptor<Type, true, needs_writeable>::value);
+    explicit operator MapType *() { return value.get(); }
+    explicit operator MapType &() { return *value; }
+    explicit operator MapType &&() && { return std::move(*value); }
+
+    template <typename T_>
+    using cast_op_type = ::pybind11::detail::movable_cast_op_type<T_>;
+};
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_END(detail)
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_END(PYBIND11_NAMESPACE)

deps_src/pybind11/include/pybind11/embed.h

@@ -0,0 +1,320 @@
+/*
+    pybind11/embed.h: Support for embedding the interpreter
+
+    Copyright (c) 2017 Wenzel Jakob <wenzel.jakob@epfl.ch>
+
+    All rights reserved. Use of this source code is governed by a
+    BSD-style license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+*/
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "pybind11.h"
+#include "eval.h"
+
+#include <memory>
+#include <vector>
+
+#if defined(PYPY_VERSION)
+#    error Embedding the interpreter is not supported with PyPy
+#endif
+
+#define PYBIND11_EMBEDDED_MODULE_IMPL(name)                                                       \
+    extern "C" PyObject *pybind11_init_impl_##name();                                             \
+    extern "C" PyObject *pybind11_init_impl_##name() { return pybind11_init_wrapper_##name(); }
+
+/** \rst
+    Add a new module to the table of builtins for the interpreter. Must be
+    defined in global scope. The first macro parameter is the name of the
+    module (without quotes). The second parameter is the variable which will
+    be used as the interface to add functions and classes to the module.
+
+    .. code-block:: cpp
+
+        PYBIND11_EMBEDDED_MODULE(example, m) {
+            // ... initialize functions and classes here
+            m.def("foo", []() {
+                return "Hello, World!";
+            });
+        }
+
+    The third and subsequent macro arguments are optional, and can be used to
+    mark the module as supporting various Python features.
+
+    - ``mod_gil_not_used()``
+    - ``multiple_interpreters::per_interpreter_gil()``
+    - ``multiple_interpreters::shared_gil()``
+    - ``multiple_interpreters::not_supported()``
+
+    .. code-block:: cpp
+
+        PYBIND11_EMBEDDED_MODULE(example, m, py::mod_gil_not_used()) {
+            m.def("foo", []() {
+                return "Hello, Free-threaded World!";
+            });
+        }
+
+ \endrst */
+PYBIND11_WARNING_PUSH
+PYBIND11_WARNING_DISABLE_CLANG("-Wgnu-zero-variadic-macro-arguments")
+#define PYBIND11_EMBEDDED_MODULE(name, variable, ...)                                             \
+    PYBIND11_MODULE_PYINIT(name, {}, ##__VA_ARGS__)                                               \
+    ::pybind11::detail::embedded_module PYBIND11_CONCAT(pybind11_module_, name)(                  \
+        PYBIND11_TOSTRING(name), PYBIND11_CONCAT(PyInit_, name));                                 \
+    PYBIND11_MODULE_EXEC(name, variable)
+PYBIND11_WARNING_POP
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_BEGIN(PYBIND11_NAMESPACE)
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_BEGIN(detail)
+
+/// Python 2.7/3.x compatible version of `PyImport_AppendInittab` and error checks.
+struct embedded_module {
+    using init_t = PyObject *(*) ();
+    embedded_module(const char *name, init_t init) {
+        if (Py_IsInitialized() != 0) {
+            pybind11_fail("Can't add new modules after the interpreter has been initialized");
+        }
+
+        auto result = PyImport_AppendInittab(name, init);
+        if (result == -1) {
+            pybind11_fail("Insufficient memory to add a new module");
+        }
+    }
+};
+
+struct wide_char_arg_deleter {
+    void operator()(wchar_t *ptr) const {
+        // API docs: https://docs.python.org/3/c-api/sys.html#c.Py_DecodeLocale
+        PyMem_RawFree(ptr);
+    }
+};
+
+inline wchar_t *widen_chars(const char *safe_arg) {
+    wchar_t *widened_arg = Py_DecodeLocale(safe_arg, nullptr);
+    return widened_arg;
+}
+
+inline void precheck_interpreter() {
+    if (Py_IsInitialized() != 0) {
+        pybind11_fail("The interpreter is already running");
+    }
+}
+
+#if !defined(PYBIND11_PYCONFIG_SUPPORT_PY_VERSION_HEX)
+#    define PYBIND11_PYCONFIG_SUPPORT_PY_VERSION_HEX (0x03080000)
+#endif
+
+#if PY_VERSION_HEX < PYBIND11_PYCONFIG_SUPPORT_PY_VERSION_HEX
+inline void initialize_interpreter_pre_pyconfig(bool init_signal_handlers,
+                                                int argc,
+                                                const char *const *argv,
+                                                bool add_program_dir_to_path) {
+    detail::precheck_interpreter();
+    Py_InitializeEx(init_signal_handlers ? 1 : 0);
+
+    auto argv_size = static_cast<size_t>(argc);
+    // SetArgv* on python 3 takes wchar_t, so we have to convert.
+    std::unique_ptr<wchar_t *[]> widened_argv(new wchar_t *[argv_size]);
+    std::vector<std::unique_ptr<wchar_t[], detail::wide_char_arg_deleter>> widened_argv_entries;
+    widened_argv_entries.reserve(argv_size);
+    for (size_t ii = 0; ii < argv_size; ++ii) {
+        widened_argv_entries.emplace_back(detail::widen_chars(argv[ii]));
+        if (!widened_argv_entries.back()) {
+            // A null here indicates a character-encoding failure or the python
+            // interpreter out of memory. Give up.
+            return;
+        }
+        widened_argv[ii] = widened_argv_entries.back().get();
+    }
+
+    auto *pysys_argv = widened_argv.get();
+
+    PySys_SetArgvEx(argc, pysys_argv, static_cast<int>(add_program_dir_to_path));
+}
+#endif
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_END(detail)
+
+#if PY_VERSION_HEX >= PYBIND11_PYCONFIG_SUPPORT_PY_VERSION_HEX
+inline void initialize_interpreter(PyConfig *config,
+                                   int argc = 0,
+                                   const char *const *argv = nullptr,
+                                   bool add_program_dir_to_path = true) {
+    detail::precheck_interpreter();
+    PyStatus status = PyConfig_SetBytesArgv(config, argc, const_cast<char *const *>(argv));
+    if (PyStatus_Exception(status) != 0) {
+        // A failure here indicates a character-encoding failure or the python
+        // interpreter out of memory. Give up.
+        PyConfig_Clear(config);
+        throw std::runtime_error(PyStatus_IsError(status) != 0 ? status.err_msg
+                                                               : "Failed to prepare CPython");
+    }
+    status = Py_InitializeFromConfig(config);
+    if (PyStatus_Exception(status) != 0) {
+        PyConfig_Clear(config);
+        throw std::runtime_error(PyStatus_IsError(status) != 0 ? status.err_msg
+                                                               : "Failed to init CPython");
+    }
+    if (add_program_dir_to_path) {
+        PyRun_SimpleString("import sys, os.path; "
+                           "sys.path.insert(0, "
+                           "os.path.abspath(os.path.dirname(sys.argv[0])) "
+                           "if sys.argv and os.path.exists(sys.argv[0]) else '')");
+    }
+    PyConfig_Clear(config);
+}
+#endif
+
+/** \rst
+    Initialize the Python interpreter. No other pybind11 or CPython API functions can be
+    called before this is done; with the exception of `PYBIND11_EMBEDDED_MODULE`. The
+    optional `init_signal_handlers` parameter can be used to skip the registration of
+    signal handlers (see the `Python documentation`_ for details). Calling this function
+    again after the interpreter has already been initialized is a fatal error.
+
+    If initializing the Python interpreter fails, then the program is terminated.  (This
+    is controlled by the CPython runtime and is an exception to pybind11's normal behavior
+    of throwing exceptions on errors.)
+
+    The remaining optional parameters, `argc`, `argv`, and `add_program_dir_to_path` are
+    used to populate ``sys.argv`` and ``sys.path``.
+    See the |PySys_SetArgvEx documentation|_ for details.
+
+    .. _Python documentation: https://docs.python.org/3/c-api/init.html#c.Py_InitializeEx
+    .. |PySys_SetArgvEx documentation| replace:: ``PySys_SetArgvEx`` documentation
+    .. _PySys_SetArgvEx documentation: https://docs.python.org/3/c-api/init.html#c.PySys_SetArgvEx
+ \endrst */
+inline void initialize_interpreter(bool init_signal_handlers = true,
+                                   int argc = 0,
+                                   const char *const *argv = nullptr,
+                                   bool add_program_dir_to_path = true) {
+#if PY_VERSION_HEX < PYBIND11_PYCONFIG_SUPPORT_PY_VERSION_HEX
+    detail::initialize_interpreter_pre_pyconfig(
+        init_signal_handlers, argc, argv, add_program_dir_to_path);
+#else
+    PyConfig config;
+    PyConfig_InitPythonConfig(&config);
+    // See PR #4473 for background
+    config.parse_argv = 0;
+
+    config.install_signal_handlers = init_signal_handlers ? 1 : 0;
+    initialize_interpreter(&config, argc, argv, add_program_dir_to_path);
+#endif
+
+    // There is exactly one interpreter alive currently.
+    detail::get_num_interpreters_seen() = 1;
+}
+
+/** \rst
+    Shut down the Python interpreter. No pybind11 or CPython API functions can be called
+    after this. In addition, pybind11 objects must not outlive the interpreter:
+
+    .. code-block:: cpp
+
+        { // BAD
+            py::initialize_interpreter();
+            auto hello = py::str("Hello, World!");
+            py::finalize_interpreter();
+        } // <-- BOOM, hello's destructor is called after interpreter shutdown
+
+        { // GOOD
+            py::initialize_interpreter();
+            { // scoped
+                auto hello = py::str("Hello, World!");
+            } // <-- OK, hello is cleaned up properly
+            py::finalize_interpreter();
+        }
+
+        { // BETTER
+            py::scoped_interpreter guard{};
+            auto hello = py::str("Hello, World!");
+        }
+
+    .. warning::
+
+        The interpreter can be restarted by calling `initialize_interpreter` again.
+        Modules created using pybind11 can be safely re-initialized. However, Python
+        itself cannot completely unload binary extension modules and there are several
+        caveats with regard to interpreter restarting. All the details can be found
+        in the CPython documentation. In short, not all interpreter memory may be
+        freed, either due to reference cycles or user-created global data.
+
+ \endrst */
+inline void finalize_interpreter() {
+    // get rid of any thread-local interpreter cache that currently exists
+    if (detail::get_num_interpreters_seen() > 1) {
+        detail::get_internals_pp_manager().unref();
+        detail::get_local_internals_pp_manager().unref();
+
+        // We know there can be no other interpreter alive now, so we can lower the count
+        detail::get_num_interpreters_seen() = 1;
+    }
+
+    // Re-fetch the internals pointer-to-pointer (but not the internals itself, which might not
+    // exist). It's possible for the  internals to be created during Py_Finalize() (e.g. if a
+    // py::capsule calls `get_internals()` during destruction), so we get the pointer-pointer here
+    // and check it after Py_Finalize().
+    detail::get_internals_pp_manager().get_pp();
+    detail::get_local_internals_pp_manager().get_pp();
+
+    Py_Finalize();
+
+    detail::get_internals_pp_manager().destroy();
+
+    // Local internals contains data managed by the current interpreter, so we must clear them to
+    // avoid undefined behaviors when initializing another interpreter
+    detail::get_local_internals_pp_manager().destroy();
+
+    // We know there is no interpreter alive now, so we can reset the count
+    detail::get_num_interpreters_seen() = 0;
+}
+
+/** \rst
+    Scope guard version of `initialize_interpreter` and `finalize_interpreter`.
+    This a move-only guard and only a single instance can exist.
+
+    See `initialize_interpreter` for a discussion of its constructor arguments.
+
+    .. code-block:: cpp
+
+        #include <pybind11/embed.h>
+
+        int main() {
+            py::scoped_interpreter guard{};
+            py::print(Hello, World!);
+        } // <-- interpreter shutdown
+ \endrst */
+class scoped_interpreter {
+public:
+    explicit scoped_interpreter(bool init_signal_handlers = true,
+                                int argc = 0,
+                                const char *const *argv = nullptr,
+                                bool add_program_dir_to_path = true) {
+        initialize_interpreter(init_signal_handlers, argc, argv, add_program_dir_to_path);
+    }
+
+#if PY_VERSION_HEX >= PYBIND11_PYCONFIG_SUPPORT_PY_VERSION_HEX
+    explicit scoped_interpreter(PyConfig *config,
+                                int argc = 0,
+                                const char *const *argv = nullptr,
+                                bool add_program_dir_to_path = true) {
+        initialize_interpreter(config, argc, argv, add_program_dir_to_path);
+    }
+#endif
+
+    scoped_interpreter(const scoped_interpreter &) = delete;
+    scoped_interpreter(scoped_interpreter &&other) noexcept { other.is_valid = false; }
+    scoped_interpreter &operator=(const scoped_interpreter &) = delete;
+    scoped_interpreter &operator=(scoped_interpreter &&) = delete;
+
+    ~scoped_interpreter() {
+        if (is_valid) {
+            finalize_interpreter();
+        }
+    }
+
+private:
+    bool is_valid = true;
+};
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_END(PYBIND11_NAMESPACE)

deps_src/pybind11/include/pybind11/eval.h

@@ -0,0 +1,161 @@
+/*
+    pybind11/eval.h: Support for evaluating Python expressions and statements
+    from strings and files
+
+    Copyright (c) 2016 Klemens Morgenstern <klemens.morgenstern@ed-chemnitz.de> and
+                       Wenzel Jakob <wenzel.jakob@epfl.ch>
+
+    All rights reserved. Use of this source code is governed by a
+    BSD-style license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+*/
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "pybind11.h"
+
+#include <utility>
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_BEGIN(PYBIND11_NAMESPACE)
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_BEGIN(detail)
+
+inline void ensure_builtins_in_globals(object &global) {
+#if defined(PYPY_VERSION)
+    // Running exec and eval adds `builtins` module under `__builtins__` key to
+    // globals if not yet present.  Python 3.8 made PyRun_String behave
+    // similarly. Let's also do that for older versions, for consistency. This
+    // was missing from PyPy3.8 7.3.7.
+    if (!global.contains("__builtins__"))
+        global["__builtins__"] = module_::import(PYBIND11_BUILTINS_MODULE);
+#else
+    (void) global;
+#endif
+}
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_END(detail)
+
+enum eval_mode {
+    /// Evaluate a string containing an isolated expression
+    eval_expr,
+
+    /// Evaluate a string containing a single statement. Returns \c none
+    eval_single_statement,
+
+    /// Evaluate a string containing a sequence of statement. Returns \c none
+    eval_statements
+};
+
+template <eval_mode mode = eval_expr>
+object eval(const str &expr, object global = globals(), object local = object()) {
+    if (!local) {
+        local = global;
+    }
+
+    detail::ensure_builtins_in_globals(global);
+
+    /* PyRun_String does not accept a PyObject / encoding specifier,
+       this seems to be the only alternative */
+    std::string buffer = "# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-\n" + (std::string) expr;
+
+    int start = 0;
+    switch (mode) {
+        case eval_expr:
+            start = Py_eval_input;
+            break;
+        case eval_single_statement:
+            start = Py_single_input;
+            break;
+        case eval_statements:
+            start = Py_file_input;
+            break;
+        default:
+            pybind11_fail("invalid evaluation mode");
+    }
+
+    PyObject *result = PyRun_String(buffer.c_str(), start, global.ptr(), local.ptr());
+    if (!result) {
+        throw error_already_set();
+    }
+    return reinterpret_steal<object>(result);
+}
+
+template <eval_mode mode = eval_expr, size_t N>
+object eval(const char (&s)[N], object global = globals(), object local = object()) {
+    /* Support raw string literals by removing common leading whitespace */
+    auto expr = (s[0] == '\n') ? str(module_::import("textwrap").attr("dedent")(s)) : str(s);
+    return eval<mode>(expr, std::move(global), std::move(local));
+}
+
+inline void exec(const str &expr, object global = globals(), object local = object()) {
+    eval<eval_statements>(expr, std::move(global), std::move(local));
+}
+
+template <size_t N>
+void exec(const char (&s)[N], object global = globals(), object local = object()) {
+    eval<eval_statements>(s, std::move(global), std::move(local));
+}
+
+#if defined(PYPY_VERSION) || defined(GRAALVM_PYTHON)
+template <eval_mode mode = eval_statements>
+object eval_file(str, object, object) {
+    pybind11_fail("eval_file not supported in this interpreter. Use eval");
+}
+template <eval_mode mode = eval_statements>
+object eval_file(str, object) {
+    pybind11_fail("eval_file not supported in this interpreter. Use eval");
+}
+template <eval_mode mode = eval_statements>
+object eval_file(str) {
+    pybind11_fail("eval_file not supported in this interpreter. Use eval");
+}
+#else
+template <eval_mode mode = eval_statements>
+object eval_file(str fname, object global = globals(), object local = object()) {
+    if (!local) {
+        local = global;
+    }
+
+    detail::ensure_builtins_in_globals(global);
+
+    int start = 0;
+    switch (mode) {
+        case eval_expr:
+            start = Py_eval_input;
+            break;
+        case eval_single_statement:
+            start = Py_single_input;
+            break;
+        case eval_statements:
+            start = Py_file_input;
+            break;
+        default:
+            pybind11_fail("invalid evaluation mode");
+    }
+
+    int closeFile = 1;
+    std::string fname_str = (std::string) fname;
+    FILE *f =
+#    if PY_VERSION_HEX >= 0x030E0000
+        Py_fopen(fname.ptr(), "r");
+#    else
+        _Py_fopen_obj(fname.ptr(), "r");
+#    endif
+    if (!f) {
+        PyErr_Clear();
+        pybind11_fail("File \"" + fname_str + "\" could not be opened!");
+    }
+
+    if (!global.contains("__file__")) {
+        global["__file__"] = std::move(fname);
+    }
+
+    PyObject *result
+        = PyRun_FileEx(f, fname_str.c_str(), start, global.ptr(), local.ptr(), closeFile);
+
+    if (!result) {
+        throw error_already_set();
+    }
+    return reinterpret_steal<object>(result);
+}
+#endif
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_END(PYBIND11_NAMESPACE)

deps_src/pybind11/include/pybind11/functional.h

@@ -0,0 +1,147 @@
+/*
+    pybind11/functional.h: std::function<> support
+
+    Copyright (c) 2016 Wenzel Jakob <wenzel.jakob@epfl.ch>
+
+    All rights reserved. Use of this source code is governed by a
+    BSD-style license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+*/
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "pybind11.h"
+
+#include <functional>
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_BEGIN(PYBIND11_NAMESPACE)
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_BEGIN(detail)
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_BEGIN(type_caster_std_function_specializations)
+
+// ensure GIL is held during functor destruction
+struct func_handle {
+    function f;
+#if !(defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER == 1916 && defined(PYBIND11_CPP17))
+    // This triggers a syntax error under very special conditions (very weird indeed).
+    explicit
+#endif
+        func_handle(function &&f_) noexcept
+        : f(std::move(f_)) {
+    }
+    func_handle(const func_handle &f_) { operator=(f_); }
+    func_handle &operator=(const func_handle &f_) {
+        gil_scoped_acquire acq;
+        f = f_.f;
+        return *this;
+    }
+    ~func_handle() {
+        gil_scoped_acquire acq;
+        function kill_f(std::move(f));
+    }
+};
+
+// to emulate 'move initialization capture' in C++11
+struct func_wrapper_base {
+    func_handle hfunc;
+    explicit func_wrapper_base(func_handle &&hf) noexcept : hfunc(hf) {}
+};
+
+template <typename Return, typename... Args>
+struct func_wrapper : func_wrapper_base {
+    using func_wrapper_base::func_wrapper_base;
+    Return operator()(Args... args) const { // NOLINT(performance-unnecessary-value-param)
+        gil_scoped_acquire acq;
+        // casts the returned object as a rvalue to the return type
+        return hfunc.f(std::forward<Args>(args)...).template cast<Return>();
+    }
+};
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_END(type_caster_std_function_specializations)
+
+template <typename Return, typename... Args>
+struct type_caster<std::function<Return(Args...)>> {
+    using type = std::function<Return(Args...)>;
+    using retval_type = conditional_t<std::is_same<Return, void>::value, void_type, Return>;
+    using function_type = Return (*)(Args...);
+
+public:
+    bool load(handle src, bool convert) {
+        if (src.is_none()) {
+            // Defer accepting None to other overloads (if we aren't in convert mode):
+            if (!convert) {
+                return false;
+            }
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        if (!isinstance<function>(src)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        auto func = reinterpret_borrow<function>(src);
+
+        /*
+           When passing a C++ function as an argument to another C++
+           function via Python, every function call would normally involve
+           a full C++ -> Python -> C++ roundtrip, which can be prohibitive.
+           Here, we try to at least detect the case where the function is
+           stateless (i.e. function pointer or lambda function without
+           captured variables), in which case the roundtrip can be avoided.
+         */
+        if (auto cfunc = func.cpp_function()) {
+            auto *cfunc_self = PyCFunction_GET_SELF(cfunc.ptr());
+            if (cfunc_self == nullptr) {
+                PyErr_Clear();
+            } else {
+                function_record *rec = function_record_ptr_from_PyObject(cfunc_self);
+                while (rec != nullptr) {
+                    if (rec->is_stateless
+                        && same_type(typeid(function_type),
+                                     *reinterpret_cast<const std::type_info *>(rec->data[1]))) {
+                        struct capture {
+                            function_type f;
+
+                            static capture *from_data(void **data) {
+                                return PYBIND11_STD_LAUNDER(reinterpret_cast<capture *>(data));
+                            }
+                        };
+                        PYBIND11_ENSURE_PRECONDITION_FOR_FUNCTIONAL_H_PERFORMANCE_OPTIMIZATIONS(
+                            std::is_standard_layout<capture>::value);
+                        value = capture::from_data(rec->data)->f;
+                        return true;
+                    }
+                    rec = rec->next;
+                }
+            }
+            // PYPY segfaults here when passing builtin function like sum.
+            // Raising an fail exception here works to prevent the segfault, but only on gcc.
+            // See PR #1413 for full details
+        }
+
+        value = type_caster_std_function_specializations::func_wrapper<Return, Args...>(
+            type_caster_std_function_specializations::func_handle(std::move(func)));
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    template <typename Func>
+    static handle cast(Func &&f_, return_value_policy policy, handle /* parent */) {
+        if (!f_) {
+            return none().release();
+        }
+
+        auto result = f_.template target<function_type>();
+        if (result) {
+            return cpp_function(*result, policy).release();
+        }
+        return cpp_function(std::forward<Func>(f_), policy).release();
+    }
+
+    PYBIND11_TYPE_CASTER(
+        type,
+        const_name("collections.abc.Callable[[")
+            + ::pybind11::detail::concat(::pybind11::detail::arg_descr(make_caster<Args>::name)...)
+            + const_name("], ") + ::pybind11::detail::return_descr(make_caster<retval_type>::name)
+            + const_name("]"));
+};
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_END(detail)
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_END(PYBIND11_NAMESPACE)

deps_src/pybind11/include/pybind11/gil.h

@@ -0,0 +1,199 @@
+/*
+    pybind11/gil.h: RAII helpers for managing the GIL
+
+    Copyright (c) 2016 Wenzel Jakob <wenzel.jakob@epfl.ch>
+
+    All rights reserved. Use of this source code is governed by a
+    BSD-style license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+*/
+
+#pragma once
+
+#if defined(PYBIND11_SIMPLE_GIL_MANAGEMENT)
+
+#    include "detail/common.h"
+#    include "gil_simple.h"
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_BEGIN(PYBIND11_NAMESPACE)
+
+using gil_scoped_acquire = gil_scoped_acquire_simple;
+using gil_scoped_release = gil_scoped_release_simple;
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_END(PYBIND11_NAMESPACE)
+
+#else
+
+#    include "detail/common.h"
+#    include "detail/internals.h"
+
+#    include <cassert>
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_BEGIN(PYBIND11_NAMESPACE)
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_BEGIN(detail)
+
+PYBIND11_WARNING_PUSH
+PYBIND11_WARNING_DISABLE_GCC("-Wredundant-decls")
+
+// forward declarations
+PyThreadState *get_thread_state_unchecked();
+
+PYBIND11_WARNING_POP
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_END(detail)
+
+/* The functions below essentially reproduce the PyGILState_* API using a RAII
+ * pattern, but there are a few important differences:
+ *
+ * 1. When acquiring the GIL from an non-main thread during the finalization
+ *    phase, the GILState API blindly terminates the calling thread, which
+ *    is often not what is wanted. This API does not do this.
+ *
+ * 2. The gil_scoped_release function can optionally cut the relationship
+ *    of a PyThreadState and its associated thread, which allows moving it to
+ *    another thread (this is a fairly rare/advanced use case).
+ *
+ * 3. The reference count of an acquired thread state can be controlled. This
+ *    can be handy to prevent cases where callbacks issued from an external
+ *    thread would otherwise constantly construct and destroy thread state data
+ *    structures.
+ *
+ * See the Python bindings of NanoGUI (http://github.com/wjakob/nanogui) for an
+ * example which uses features 2 and 3 to migrate the Python thread of
+ * execution to another thread (to run the event loop on the original thread,
+ * in this case).
+ */
+
+class gil_scoped_acquire {
+public:
+    PYBIND11_NOINLINE gil_scoped_acquire() {
+        auto &internals = detail::get_internals();
+        tstate = internals.tstate.get();
+
+        if (!tstate) {
+            /* Check if the GIL was acquired using the PyGILState_* API instead (e.g. if
+               calling from a Python thread). Since we use a different key, this ensures
+               we don't create a new thread state and deadlock in PyEval_AcquireThread
+               below. Note we don't save this state with internals.tstate, since we don't
+               create it we would fail to clear it (its reference count should be > 0). */
+            tstate = PyGILState_GetThisThreadState();
+        }
+
+        if (!tstate) {
+            tstate = PyThreadState_New(internals.istate);
+#    if defined(PYBIND11_DETAILED_ERROR_MESSAGES)
+            if (!tstate) {
+                pybind11_fail("scoped_acquire: could not create thread state!");
+            }
+#    endif
+            tstate->gilstate_counter = 0;
+            internals.tstate = tstate;
+        } else {
+            release = detail::get_thread_state_unchecked() != tstate;
+        }
+
+        if (release) {
+            PyEval_AcquireThread(tstate);
+        }
+
+        inc_ref();
+    }
+
+    gil_scoped_acquire(const gil_scoped_acquire &) = delete;
+    gil_scoped_acquire &operator=(const gil_scoped_acquire &) = delete;
+
+    void inc_ref() { ++tstate->gilstate_counter; }
+
+    PYBIND11_NOINLINE void dec_ref() {
+        --tstate->gilstate_counter;
+#    if defined(PYBIND11_DETAILED_ERROR_MESSAGES)
+        if (detail::get_thread_state_unchecked() != tstate) {
+            pybind11_fail("scoped_acquire::dec_ref(): thread state must be current!");
+        }
+        if (tstate->gilstate_counter < 0) {
+            pybind11_fail("scoped_acquire::dec_ref(): reference count underflow!");
+        }
+#    endif
+        if (tstate->gilstate_counter == 0) {
+#    if defined(PYBIND11_DETAILED_ERROR_MESSAGES)
+            if (!release) {
+                pybind11_fail("scoped_acquire::dec_ref(): internal error!");
+            }
+#    endif
+            PyThreadState_Clear(tstate);
+            if (active) {
+                PyThreadState_DeleteCurrent();
+            }
+            detail::get_internals().tstate.reset();
+            release = false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// This method will disable the PyThreadState_DeleteCurrent call and the
+    /// GIL won't be released. This method should be used if the interpreter
+    /// could be shutting down when this is called, as thread deletion is not
+    /// allowed during shutdown. Check _Py_IsFinalizing() on Python 3.7+, and
+    /// protect subsequent code.
+    PYBIND11_NOINLINE void disarm() { active = false; }
+
+    PYBIND11_NOINLINE ~gil_scoped_acquire() {
+        dec_ref();
+        if (release) {
+            PyEval_SaveThread();
+        }
+    }
+
+private:
+    PyThreadState *tstate = nullptr;
+    bool release = true;
+    bool active = true;
+};
+
+class gil_scoped_release {
+public:
+    // PRECONDITION: The GIL must be held when this constructor is called.
+    explicit gil_scoped_release(bool disassoc = false) : disassoc(disassoc) {
+        assert(PyGILState_Check());
+        // `get_internals()` must be called here unconditionally in order to initialize
+        // `internals.tstate` for subsequent `gil_scoped_acquire` calls. Otherwise, an
+        // initialization race could occur as multiple threads try `gil_scoped_acquire`.
+        auto &internals = detail::get_internals();
+        // NOLINTNEXTLINE(cppcoreguidelines-prefer-member-initializer)
+        tstate = PyEval_SaveThread();
+        if (disassoc) {
+            internals.tstate.reset();
+        }
+    }
+
+    gil_scoped_release(const gil_scoped_release &) = delete;
+    gil_scoped_release &operator=(const gil_scoped_release &) = delete;
+
+    /// This method will disable the PyThreadState_DeleteCurrent call and the
+    /// GIL won't be acquired. This method should be used if the interpreter
+    /// could be shutting down when this is called, as thread deletion is not
+    /// allowed during shutdown. Check _Py_IsFinalizing() on Python 3.7+, and
+    /// protect subsequent code.
+    PYBIND11_NOINLINE void disarm() { active = false; }
+
+    ~gil_scoped_release() {
+        if (!tstate) {
+            return;
+        }
+        // `PyEval_RestoreThread()` should not be called if runtime is finalizing
+        if (active) {
+            PyEval_RestoreThread(tstate);
+        }
+        if (disassoc) {
+            detail::get_internals().tstate = tstate;
+        }
+    }
+
+private:
+    PyThreadState *tstate;
+    bool disassoc;
+    bool active = true;
+};
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_END(PYBIND11_NAMESPACE)
+
+#endif // !PYBIND11_SIMPLE_GIL_MANAGEMENT

deps_src/pybind11/include/pybind11/gil_safe_call_once.h

@@ -0,0 +1,102 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2023 The pybind Community.
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "detail/common.h"
+#include "gil.h"
+
+#include <cassert>
+#include <mutex>
+
+#ifdef Py_GIL_DISABLED
+#    include <atomic>
+#endif
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_BEGIN(PYBIND11_NAMESPACE)
+
+// Use the `gil_safe_call_once_and_store` class below instead of the naive
+//
+//   static auto imported_obj = py::module_::import("module_name"); // BAD, DO NOT USE!
+//
+// which has two serious issues:
+//
+//     1. Py_DECREF() calls potentially after the Python interpreter was finalized already, and
+//     2. deadlocks in multi-threaded processes (because of missing lock ordering).
+//
+// The following alternative avoids both problems:
+//
+//   PYBIND11_CONSTINIT static py::gil_safe_call_once_and_store<py::object> storage;
+//   auto &imported_obj = storage // Do NOT make this `static`!
+//       .call_once_and_store_result([]() {
+//           return py::module_::import("module_name");
+//       })
+//       .get_stored();
+//
+// The parameter of `call_once_and_store_result()` must be callable. It can make
+// CPython API calls, and in particular, it can temporarily release the GIL.
+//
+// `T` can be any C++ type, it does not have to involve CPython API types.
+//
+// The behavior with regard to signals, e.g. `SIGINT` (`KeyboardInterrupt`),
+// is not ideal. If the main thread is the one to actually run the `Callable`,
+// then a `KeyboardInterrupt` will interrupt it if it is running normal Python
+// code. The situation is different if a non-main thread runs the
+// `Callable`, and then the main thread starts waiting for it to complete:
+// a `KeyboardInterrupt` will not interrupt the non-main thread, but it will
+// get processed only when it is the main thread's turn again and it is running
+// normal Python code. However, this will be unnoticeable for quick call-once
+// functions, which is usually the case.
+//
+// For in-depth background, see docs/advanced/deadlock.md
+template <typename T>
+class gil_safe_call_once_and_store {
+public:
+    // PRECONDITION: The GIL must be held when `call_once_and_store_result()` is called.
+    template <typename Callable>
+    gil_safe_call_once_and_store &call_once_and_store_result(Callable &&fn) {
+        if (!is_initialized_) { // This read is guarded by the GIL.
+            // Multiple threads may enter here, because the GIL is released in the next line and
+            // CPython API calls in the `fn()` call below may release and reacquire the GIL.
+            gil_scoped_release gil_rel; // Needed to establish lock ordering.
+            std::call_once(once_flag_, [&] {
+                // Only one thread will ever enter here.
+                gil_scoped_acquire gil_acq;
+                ::new (storage_) T(fn()); // fn may release, but will reacquire, the GIL.
+                is_initialized_ = true;   // This write is guarded by the GIL.
+            });
+            // All threads will observe `is_initialized_` as true here.
+        }
+        // Intentionally not returning `T &` to ensure the calling code is self-documenting.
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    // This must only be called after `call_once_and_store_result()` was called.
+    T &get_stored() {
+        assert(is_initialized_);
+        PYBIND11_WARNING_PUSH
+#if !defined(__clang__) && defined(__GNUC__) && __GNUC__ < 5
+        // Needed for gcc 4.8.5
+        PYBIND11_WARNING_DISABLE_GCC("-Wstrict-aliasing")
+#endif
+        return *reinterpret_cast<T *>(storage_);
+        PYBIND11_WARNING_POP
+    }
+
+    constexpr gil_safe_call_once_and_store() = default;
+    PYBIND11_DTOR_CONSTEXPR ~gil_safe_call_once_and_store() = default;
+
+private:
+    alignas(T) char storage_[sizeof(T)] = {};
+    std::once_flag once_flag_ = {};
+#ifdef Py_GIL_DISABLED
+    std::atomic_bool
+#else
+    bool
+#endif
+        is_initialized_{false};
+    // The `is_initialized_`-`storage_` pair is very similar to `std::optional`,
+    // but the latter does not have the triviality properties of former,
+    // therefore `std::optional` is not a viable alternative here.
+};
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_END(PYBIND11_NAMESPACE)

deps_src/pybind11/include/pybind11/gil_simple.h

@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2016-2025 The Pybind Development Team.
+// All rights reserved. Use of this source code is governed by a
+// BSD-style license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "detail/common.h"
+
+#include <cassert>
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_BEGIN(PYBIND11_NAMESPACE)
+
+class gil_scoped_acquire_simple {
+    PyGILState_STATE state;
+
+public:
+    gil_scoped_acquire_simple() : state{PyGILState_Ensure()} {}
+    gil_scoped_acquire_simple(const gil_scoped_acquire_simple &) = delete;
+    gil_scoped_acquire_simple &operator=(const gil_scoped_acquire_simple &) = delete;
+    ~gil_scoped_acquire_simple() { PyGILState_Release(state); }
+};
+
+class gil_scoped_release_simple {
+    PyThreadState *state;
+
+public:
+    // PRECONDITION: The GIL must be held when this constructor is called.
+    gil_scoped_release_simple() {
+        assert(PyGILState_Check());
+        state = PyEval_SaveThread();
+    }
+    gil_scoped_release_simple(const gil_scoped_release_simple &) = delete;
+    gil_scoped_release_simple &operator=(const gil_scoped_release_simple &) = delete;
+    ~gil_scoped_release_simple() { PyEval_RestoreThread(state); }
+};
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_END(PYBIND11_NAMESPACE)

deps_src/pybind11/include/pybind11/iostream.h

@@ -0,0 +1,265 @@
+/*
+    pybind11/iostream.h -- Tools to assist with redirecting cout and cerr to Python
+
+    Copyright (c) 2017 Henry F. Schreiner
+
+    All rights reserved. Use of this source code is governed by a
+    BSD-style license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+
+    WARNING: The implementation in this file is NOT thread safe. Multiple
+    threads writing to a redirected ostream concurrently cause data races
+    and potentially buffer overflows. Therefore it is currently a requirement
+    that all (possibly) concurrent redirected ostream writes are protected by
+    a mutex.
+    #HelpAppreciated: Work on iostream.h thread safety.
+    For more background see the discussions under
+    https://github.com/pybind/pybind11/pull/2982 and
+    https://github.com/pybind/pybind11/pull/2995.
+*/
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "pybind11.h"
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <cstring>
+#include <iostream>
+#include <iterator>
+#include <memory>
+#include <ostream>
+#include <streambuf>
+#include <string>
+#include <utility>
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_BEGIN(PYBIND11_NAMESPACE)
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_BEGIN(detail)
+
+// Buffer that writes to Python instead of C++
+class pythonbuf : public std::streambuf {
+private:
+    using traits_type = std::streambuf::traits_type;
+
+    const size_t buf_size;
+    std::unique_ptr<char[]> d_buffer;
+    object pywrite;
+    object pyflush;
+
+    int overflow(int c) override {
+        if (!traits_type::eq_int_type(c, traits_type::eof())) {
+            *pptr() = traits_type::to_char_type(c);
+            pbump(1);
+        }
+        return sync() == 0 ? traits_type::not_eof(c) : traits_type::eof();
+    }
+
+    // Computes how many bytes at the end of the buffer are part of an
+    // incomplete sequence of UTF-8 bytes.
+    // Precondition: pbase() < pptr()
+    size_t utf8_remainder() const {
+        const auto rbase = std::reverse_iterator<char *>(pbase());
+        const auto rpptr = std::reverse_iterator<char *>(pptr());
+        auto is_ascii = [](char c) { return (static_cast<unsigned char>(c) & 0x80) == 0x00; };
+        auto is_leading = [](char c) { return (static_cast<unsigned char>(c) & 0xC0) == 0xC0; };
+        auto is_leading_2b = [](char c) { return static_cast<unsigned char>(c) <= 0xDF; };
+        auto is_leading_3b = [](char c) { return static_cast<unsigned char>(c) <= 0xEF; };
+        // If the last character is ASCII, there are no incomplete code points
+        if (is_ascii(*rpptr)) {
+            return 0;
+        }
+        // Otherwise, work back from the end of the buffer and find the first
+        // UTF-8 leading byte
+        const auto rpend = rbase - rpptr >= 3 ? rpptr + 3 : rbase;
+        const auto leading = std::find_if(rpptr, rpend, is_leading);
+        if (leading == rbase) {
+            return 0;
+        }
+        const auto dist = static_cast<size_t>(leading - rpptr);
+        size_t remainder = 0;
+
+        if (dist == 0) {
+            remainder = 1; // 1-byte code point is impossible
+        } else if (dist == 1) {
+            remainder = is_leading_2b(*leading) ? 0 : dist + 1;
+        } else if (dist == 2) {
+            remainder = is_leading_3b(*leading) ? 0 : dist + 1;
+        }
+        // else if (dist >= 3), at least 4 bytes before encountering an UTF-8
+        // leading byte, either no remainder or invalid UTF-8.
+        // Invalid UTF-8 will cause an exception later when converting
+        // to a Python string, so that's not handled here.
+        return remainder;
+    }
+
+    // This function must be non-virtual to be called in a destructor.
+    int _sync() {
+        if (pbase() != pptr()) { // If buffer is not empty
+            gil_scoped_acquire tmp;
+            // This subtraction cannot be negative, so dropping the sign.
+            auto size = static_cast<size_t>(pptr() - pbase());
+            size_t remainder = utf8_remainder();
+
+            if (size > remainder) {
+                str line(pbase(), size - remainder);
+                pywrite(std::move(line));
+                pyflush();
+            }
+
+            // Copy the remainder at the end of the buffer to the beginning:
+            if (remainder > 0) {
+                std::memmove(pbase(), pptr() - remainder, remainder);
+            }
+            setp(pbase(), epptr());
+            pbump(static_cast<int>(remainder));
+        }
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    int sync() override { return _sync(); }
+
+public:
+    explicit pythonbuf(const object &pyostream, size_t buffer_size = 1024)
+        : buf_size(buffer_size), d_buffer(new char[buf_size]), pywrite(pyostream.attr("write")),
+          pyflush(pyostream.attr("flush")) {
+        setp(d_buffer.get(), d_buffer.get() + buf_size - 1);
+    }
+
+    pythonbuf(pythonbuf &&) = default;
+
+    /// Sync before destroy
+    ~pythonbuf() override { _sync(); }
+};
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_END(detail)
+
+/** \rst
+    This a move-only guard that redirects output.
+
+    .. code-block:: cpp
+
+        #include <pybind11/iostream.h>
+
+        ...
+
+        {
+            py::scoped_ostream_redirect output;
+            std::cout << "Hello, World!"; // Python stdout
+        } // <-- return std::cout to normal
+
+    You can explicitly pass the c++ stream and the python object,
+    for example to guard stderr instead.
+
+    .. code-block:: cpp
+
+        {
+            py::scoped_ostream_redirect output{
+                std::cerr, py::module::import("sys").attr("stderr")};
+            std::cout << "Hello, World!";
+        }
+ \endrst */
+class scoped_ostream_redirect {
+protected:
+    std::streambuf *old;
+    std::ostream &costream;
+    detail::pythonbuf buffer;
+
+public:
+    explicit scoped_ostream_redirect(std::ostream &costream = std::cout,
+                                     const object &pyostream
+                                     = module_::import("sys").attr("stdout"))
+        : costream(costream), buffer(pyostream) {
+        old = costream.rdbuf(&buffer);
+    }
+
+    ~scoped_ostream_redirect() { costream.rdbuf(old); }
+
+    scoped_ostream_redirect(const scoped_ostream_redirect &) = delete;
+    scoped_ostream_redirect(scoped_ostream_redirect &&other) = default;
+    scoped_ostream_redirect &operator=(const scoped_ostream_redirect &) = delete;
+    scoped_ostream_redirect &operator=(scoped_ostream_redirect &&) = delete;
+};
+
+/** \rst
+    Like `scoped_ostream_redirect`, but redirects cerr by default. This class
+    is provided primary to make ``py::call_guard`` easier to make.
+
+    .. code-block:: cpp
+
+     m.def("noisy_func", &noisy_func,
+           py::call_guard<scoped_ostream_redirect,
+                          scoped_estream_redirect>());
+
+\endrst */
+class scoped_estream_redirect : public scoped_ostream_redirect {
+public:
+    explicit scoped_estream_redirect(std::ostream &costream = std::cerr,
+                                     const object &pyostream
+                                     = module_::import("sys").attr("stderr"))
+        : scoped_ostream_redirect(costream, pyostream) {}
+};
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_BEGIN(detail)
+
+// Class to redirect output as a context manager. C++ backend.
+class OstreamRedirect {
+    bool do_stdout_;
+    bool do_stderr_;
+    std::unique_ptr<scoped_ostream_redirect> redirect_stdout;
+    std::unique_ptr<scoped_estream_redirect> redirect_stderr;
+
+public:
+    explicit OstreamRedirect(bool do_stdout = true, bool do_stderr = true)
+        : do_stdout_(do_stdout), do_stderr_(do_stderr) {}
+
+    void enter() {
+        if (do_stdout_) {
+            redirect_stdout.reset(new scoped_ostream_redirect());
+        }
+        if (do_stderr_) {
+            redirect_stderr.reset(new scoped_estream_redirect());
+        }
+    }
+
+    void exit() {
+        redirect_stdout.reset();
+        redirect_stderr.reset();
+    }
+};
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_END(detail)
+
+/** \rst
+    This is a helper function to add a C++ redirect context manager to Python
+    instead of using a C++ guard. To use it, add the following to your binding code:
+
+    .. code-block:: cpp
+
+        #include <pybind11/iostream.h>
+
+        ...
+
+        py::add_ostream_redirect(m, "ostream_redirect");
+
+    You now have a Python context manager that redirects your output:
+
+    .. code-block:: python
+
+        with m.ostream_redirect():
+            m.print_to_cout_function()
+
+    This manager can optionally be told which streams to operate on:
+
+    .. code-block:: python
+
+        with m.ostream_redirect(stdout=true, stderr=true):
+            m.noisy_function_with_error_printing()
+
+ \endrst */
+inline class_<detail::OstreamRedirect>
+add_ostream_redirect(module_ m, const std::string &name = "ostream_redirect") {
+    return class_<detail::OstreamRedirect>(std::move(m), name.c_str(), module_local())
+        .def(init<bool, bool>(), arg("stdout") = true, arg("stderr") = true)
+        .def("__enter__", &detail::OstreamRedirect::enter)
+        .def("__exit__", [](detail::OstreamRedirect &self_, const args &) { self_.exit(); });
+}
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_END(PYBIND11_NAMESPACE)

deps_src/pybind11/include/pybind11/native_enum.h

@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2022-2025 The pybind Community.
+// All rights reserved. Use of this source code is governed by a
+// BSD-style license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "detail/common.h"
+#include "detail/native_enum_data.h"
+#include "detail/type_caster_base.h"
+#include "cast.h"
+
+#include <cassert>
+#include <limits>
+#include <type_traits>
+#include <typeindex>
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_BEGIN(PYBIND11_NAMESPACE)
+
+/// Conversions between Python's native (stdlib) enum types and C++ enums.
+template <typename EnumType>
+class native_enum : public detail::native_enum_data {
+public:
+    using Underlying = typename std::underlying_type<EnumType>::type;
+
+    native_enum(const object &parent_scope,
+                const char *name,
+                const char *native_type_name,
+                const char *class_doc = "")
+        : detail::native_enum_data(
+              parent_scope, name, native_type_name, class_doc, std::type_index(typeid(EnumType))) {
+        if (detail::get_local_type_info(typeid(EnumType)) != nullptr
+            || detail::get_global_type_info(typeid(EnumType)) != nullptr) {
+            pybind11_fail(
+                "pybind11::native_enum<...>(\"" + enum_name_encoded
+                + "\") is already registered as a `pybind11::enum_` or `pybind11::class_`!");
+        }
+        if (detail::global_internals_native_enum_type_map_contains(enum_type_index)) {
+            pybind11_fail("pybind11::native_enum<...>(\"" + enum_name_encoded
+                          + "\") is already registered!");
+        }
+        arm_finalize_check();
+    }
+
+    /// Export enumeration entries into the parent scope
+    native_enum &export_values() {
+        assert(!export_values_flag); // Catch redundant calls.
+        export_values_flag = true;
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    /// Add an enumeration entry
+    native_enum &value(char const *name, EnumType value, const char *doc = nullptr) {
+        // Disarm for the case that the native_enum_data dtor runs during exception unwinding.
+        disarm_finalize_check("value after finalize");
+        members.append(make_tuple(name, static_cast<Underlying>(value)));
+        if (doc) {
+            member_docs.append(make_tuple(name, doc));
+        }
+        arm_finalize_check(); // There was no exception.
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    native_enum(const native_enum &) = delete;
+    native_enum &operator=(const native_enum &) = delete;
+};
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_END(PYBIND11_NAMESPACE)

deps_src/pybind11/include/pybind11/operators.h

@@ -0,0 +1,202 @@
+/*
+    pybind11/operator.h: Metatemplates for operator overloading
+
+    Copyright (c) 2016 Wenzel Jakob <wenzel.jakob@epfl.ch>
+
+    All rights reserved. Use of this source code is governed by a
+    BSD-style license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+*/
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "pybind11.h"
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_BEGIN(PYBIND11_NAMESPACE)
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_BEGIN(detail)
+
+/// Enumeration with all supported operator types
+enum op_id : int {
+    op_add,
+    op_sub,
+    op_mul,
+    op_div,
+    op_mod,
+    op_divmod,
+    op_pow,
+    op_lshift,
+    op_rshift,
+    op_and,
+    op_xor,
+    op_or,
+    op_neg,
+    op_pos,
+    op_abs,
+    op_invert,
+    op_int,
+    op_long,
+    op_float,
+    op_str,
+    op_cmp,
+    op_gt,
+    op_ge,
+    op_lt,
+    op_le,
+    op_eq,
+    op_ne,
+    op_iadd,
+    op_isub,
+    op_imul,
+    op_idiv,
+    op_imod,
+    op_ilshift,
+    op_irshift,
+    op_iand,
+    op_ixor,
+    op_ior,
+    op_complex,
+    op_bool,
+    op_nonzero,
+    op_repr,
+    op_truediv,
+    op_itruediv,
+    op_hash
+};
+
+enum op_type : int {
+    op_l, /* base type on left */
+    op_r, /* base type on right */
+    op_u  /* unary operator */
+};
+
+struct self_t {};
+static const self_t self = self_t();
+
+/// Type for an unused type slot
+struct undefined_t {};
+
+/// Don't warn about an unused variable
+inline self_t __self() { return self; }
+
+/// base template of operator implementations
+template <op_id, op_type, typename B, typename L, typename R>
+struct op_impl {};
+
+/// Operator implementation generator
+template <op_id id, op_type ot, typename L, typename R>
+struct op_ {
+    static constexpr bool op_enable_if_hook = true;
+    template <typename Class, typename... Extra>
+    void execute(Class &cl, const Extra &...extra) const {
+        using Base = typename Class::type;
+        using L_type = conditional_t<std::is_same<L, self_t>::value, Base, L>;
+        using R_type = conditional_t<std::is_same<R, self_t>::value, Base, R>;
+        using op = op_impl<id, ot, Base, L_type, R_type>;
+        cl.def(op::name(), &op::execute, is_operator(), extra...);
+    }
+    template <typename Class, typename... Extra>
+    void execute_cast(Class &cl, const Extra &...extra) const {
+        using Base = typename Class::type;
+        using L_type = conditional_t<std::is_same<L, self_t>::value, Base, L>;
+        using R_type = conditional_t<std::is_same<R, self_t>::value, Base, R>;
+        using op = op_impl<id, ot, Base, L_type, R_type>;
+        cl.def(op::name(), &op::execute_cast, is_operator(), extra...);
+    }
+};
+
+#define PYBIND11_BINARY_OPERATOR(id, rid, op, expr)                                               \
+    template <typename B, typename L, typename R>                                                 \
+    struct op_impl<op_##id, op_l, B, L, R> {                                                      \
+        static char const *name() { return "__" #id "__"; }                                       \
+        static auto execute(const L &l, const R &r) -> decltype(expr) { return (expr); }          \
+        static B execute_cast(const L &l, const R &r) { return B(expr); }                         \
+    };                                                                                            \
+    template <typename B, typename L, typename R>                                                 \
+    struct op_impl<op_##id, op_r, B, L, R> {                                                      \
+        static char const *name() { return "__" #rid "__"; }                                      \
+        static auto execute(const R &r, const L &l) -> decltype(expr) { return (expr); }          \
+        static B execute_cast(const R &r, const L &l) { return B(expr); }                         \
+    };                                                                                            \
+    inline op_<op_##id, op_l, self_t, self_t> op(const self_t &, const self_t &) {                \
+        return op_<op_##id, op_l, self_t, self_t>();                                              \
+    }                                                                                             \
+    template <typename T>                                                                         \
+    op_<op_##id, op_l, self_t, T> op(const self_t &, const T &) {                                 \
+        return op_<op_##id, op_l, self_t, T>();                                                   \
+    }                                                                                             \
+    template <typename T>                                                                         \
+    op_<op_##id, op_r, T, self_t> op(const T &, const self_t &) {                                 \
+        return op_<op_##id, op_r, T, self_t>();                                                   \
+    }
+
+#define PYBIND11_INPLACE_OPERATOR(id, op, expr)                                                   \
+    template <typename B, typename L, typename R>                                                 \
+    struct op_impl<op_##id, op_l, B, L, R> {                                                      \
+        static char const *name() { return "__" #id "__"; }                                       \
+        static auto execute(L &l, const R &r) -> decltype(expr) { return expr; }                  \
+        static B execute_cast(L &l, const R &r) { return B(expr); }                               \
+    };                                                                                            \
+    template <typename T>                                                                         \
+    op_<op_##id, op_l, self_t, T> op(const self_t &, const T &) {                                 \
+        return op_<op_##id, op_l, self_t, T>();                                                   \
+    }
+
+#define PYBIND11_UNARY_OPERATOR(id, op, expr)                                                     \
+    template <typename B, typename L>                                                             \
+    struct op_impl<op_##id, op_u, B, L, undefined_t> {                                            \
+        static char const *name() { return "__" #id "__"; }                                       \
+        static auto execute(const L &l) -> decltype(expr) { return expr; }                        \
+        static B execute_cast(const L &l) { return B(expr); }                                     \
+    };                                                                                            \
+    inline op_<op_##id, op_u, self_t, undefined_t> op(const self_t &) {                           \
+        return op_<op_##id, op_u, self_t, undefined_t>();                                         \
+    }
+
+PYBIND11_BINARY_OPERATOR(sub, rsub, operator-, l - r)
+PYBIND11_BINARY_OPERATOR(add, radd, operator+, l + r)
+PYBIND11_BINARY_OPERATOR(mul, rmul, operator*, l *r)
+PYBIND11_BINARY_OPERATOR(truediv, rtruediv, operator/, l / r)
+PYBIND11_BINARY_OPERATOR(mod, rmod, operator%, l % r)
+PYBIND11_BINARY_OPERATOR(lshift, rlshift, operator<<, l << r)
+PYBIND11_BINARY_OPERATOR(rshift, rrshift, operator>>, l >> r)
+PYBIND11_BINARY_OPERATOR(and, rand, operator&, l &r)
+PYBIND11_BINARY_OPERATOR(xor, rxor, operator^, l ^ r)
+PYBIND11_BINARY_OPERATOR(eq, eq, operator==, l == r)
+PYBIND11_BINARY_OPERATOR(ne, ne, operator!=, l != r)
+PYBIND11_BINARY_OPERATOR(or, ror, operator|, l | r)
+PYBIND11_BINARY_OPERATOR(gt, lt, operator>, l > r)
+PYBIND11_BINARY_OPERATOR(ge, le, operator>=, l >= r)
+PYBIND11_BINARY_OPERATOR(lt, gt, operator<, l < r)
+PYBIND11_BINARY_OPERATOR(le, ge, operator<=, l <= r)
+// PYBIND11_BINARY_OPERATOR(pow,       rpow,         pow,          std::pow(l,  r))
+PYBIND11_INPLACE_OPERATOR(iadd, operator+=, l += r)
+PYBIND11_INPLACE_OPERATOR(isub, operator-=, l -= r)
+PYBIND11_INPLACE_OPERATOR(imul, operator*=, l *= r)
+PYBIND11_INPLACE_OPERATOR(itruediv, operator/=, l /= r)
+PYBIND11_INPLACE_OPERATOR(imod, operator%=, l %= r)
+PYBIND11_INPLACE_OPERATOR(ilshift, operator<<=, l <<= r)
+PYBIND11_INPLACE_OPERATOR(irshift, operator>>=, l >>= r)
+PYBIND11_INPLACE_OPERATOR(iand, operator&=, l &= r)
+PYBIND11_INPLACE_OPERATOR(ixor, operator^=, l ^= r)
+PYBIND11_INPLACE_OPERATOR(ior, operator|=, l |= r)
+PYBIND11_UNARY_OPERATOR(neg, operator-, -l)
+PYBIND11_UNARY_OPERATOR(pos, operator+, +l)
+// WARNING: This usage of `abs` should only be done for existing STL overloads.
+// Adding overloads directly in to the `std::` namespace is advised against:
+// https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/language/extending_std
+PYBIND11_UNARY_OPERATOR(abs, abs, std::abs(l))
+PYBIND11_UNARY_OPERATOR(hash, hash, std::hash<L>()(l))
+PYBIND11_UNARY_OPERATOR(invert, operator~, (~l))
+PYBIND11_UNARY_OPERATOR(bool, operator!, !!l)
+PYBIND11_UNARY_OPERATOR(int, int_, (int) l)
+PYBIND11_UNARY_OPERATOR(float, float_, (double) l)
+
+#undef PYBIND11_BINARY_OPERATOR
+#undef PYBIND11_INPLACE_OPERATOR
+#undef PYBIND11_UNARY_OPERATOR
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_END(detail)
+
+using detail::self;
+// Add named operators so that they are accessible via `py::`.
+using detail::hash;
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_END(PYBIND11_NAMESPACE)

deps_src/pybind11/include/pybind11/options.h

@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+/*
+    pybind11/options.h: global settings that are configurable at runtime.
+
+    Copyright (c) 2016 Wenzel Jakob <wenzel.jakob@epfl.ch>
+
+    All rights reserved. Use of this source code is governed by a
+    BSD-style license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+*/
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "detail/common.h"
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_BEGIN(PYBIND11_NAMESPACE)
+
+class options {
+public:
+    // Default RAII constructor, which leaves settings as they currently are.
+    options() : previous_state(global_state()) {}
+
+    // Class is non-copyable.
+    options(const options &) = delete;
+    options &operator=(const options &) = delete;
+
+    // Destructor, which restores settings that were in effect before.
+    ~options() { global_state() = previous_state; }
+
+    // Setter methods (affect the global state):
+
+    options &disable_user_defined_docstrings() & {
+        global_state().show_user_defined_docstrings = false;
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    options &enable_user_defined_docstrings() & {
+        global_state().show_user_defined_docstrings = true;
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    options &disable_function_signatures() & {
+        global_state().show_function_signatures = false;
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    options &enable_function_signatures() & {
+        global_state().show_function_signatures = true;
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    options &disable_enum_members_docstring() & {
+        global_state().show_enum_members_docstring = false;
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    options &enable_enum_members_docstring() & {
+        global_state().show_enum_members_docstring = true;
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    // Getter methods (return the global state):
+
+    static bool show_user_defined_docstrings() {
+        return global_state().show_user_defined_docstrings;
+    }
+
+    static bool show_function_signatures() { return global_state().show_function_signatures; }
+
+    static bool show_enum_members_docstring() {
+        return global_state().show_enum_members_docstring;
+    }
+
+    // This type is not meant to be allocated on the heap.
+    void *operator new(size_t) = delete;
+
+private:
+    struct state {
+        bool show_user_defined_docstrings = true; //< Include user-supplied texts in docstrings.
+        bool show_function_signatures = true;     //< Include auto-generated function signatures
+                                                  //  in docstrings.
+        bool show_enum_members_docstring = true;  //< Include auto-generated member list in enum
+                                                  //  docstrings.
+    };
+
+    static state &global_state() {
+        static state instance;
+        return instance;
+    }
+
+    state previous_state;
+};
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_END(PYBIND11_NAMESPACE)

deps_src/pybind11/include/pybind11/stl.h

@@ -0,0 +1,666 @@
+/*
+    pybind11/stl.h: Transparent conversion for STL data types
+
+    Copyright (c) 2016 Wenzel Jakob <wenzel.jakob@epfl.ch>
+
+    All rights reserved. Use of this source code is governed by a
+    BSD-style license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+*/
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "pybind11.h"
+#include "detail/common.h"
+#include "detail/descr.h"
+#include "detail/type_caster_base.h"
+
+#include <deque>
+#include <initializer_list>
+#include <list>
+#include <map>
+#include <memory>
+#include <ostream>
+#include <set>
+#include <unordered_map>
+#include <unordered_set>
+#include <valarray>
+
+// See `detail/common.h` for implementation of these guards.
+#if defined(PYBIND11_HAS_OPTIONAL)
+#    include <optional>
+#elif defined(PYBIND11_HAS_EXP_OPTIONAL)
+#    include <experimental/optional>
+#endif
+
+#if defined(PYBIND11_HAS_VARIANT)
+#    include <variant>
+#endif
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_BEGIN(PYBIND11_NAMESPACE)
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_BEGIN(detail)
+
+//
+// Begin: Equivalent of
+//        https://github.com/google/clif/blob/ae4eee1de07cdf115c0c9bf9fec9ff28efce6f6c/clif/python/runtime.cc#L388-L438
+/*
+The three `object_is_convertible_to_*()` functions below are
+the result of converging the behaviors of pybind11 and PyCLIF
+(http://github.com/google/clif).
+
+Originally PyCLIF was extremely far on the permissive side of the spectrum,
+while pybind11 was very far on the strict side. Originally PyCLIF accepted any
+Python iterable as input for a C++ `vector`/`set`/`map` argument, as long as
+the elements were convertible. The obvious (in hindsight) problem was that
+any empty Python iterable could be passed to any of these C++ types, e.g. `{}`
+was accepted for C++ `vector`/`set` arguments, or `[]` for C++ `map` arguments.
+
+The functions below strike a practical permissive-vs-strict compromise,
+informed by tens of thousands of use cases in the wild. A main objective is
+to prevent accidents and improve readability:
+
+- Python literals must match the C++ types.
+
+- For C++ `set`: The potentially reducing conversion from a Python sequence
+  (e.g. Python `list` or `tuple`) to a C++ `set` must be explicit, by going
+  through a Python `set`.
+
+- However, a Python `set` can still be passed to a C++ `vector`. The rationale
+  is that this conversion is not reducing. Implicit conversions of this kind
+  are also fairly commonly used, therefore enforcing explicit conversions
+  would have an unfavorable cost : benefit ratio; more sloppily speaking,
+  such an enforcement would be more annoying than helpful.
+
+Additional checks have been added to allow types derived from `collections.abc.Set` and
+`collections.abc.Mapping` (`collections.abc.Sequence` is already allowed by `PySequence_Check`).
+*/
+
+inline bool object_is_instance_with_one_of_tp_names(PyObject *obj,
+                                                    std::initializer_list<const char *> tp_names) {
+    if (PyType_Check(obj)) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    const char *obj_tp_name = Py_TYPE(obj)->tp_name;
+    for (const auto *tp_name : tp_names) {
+        if (std::strcmp(obj_tp_name, tp_name) == 0) {
+            return true;
+        }
+    }
+    return false;
+}
+
+inline bool object_is_convertible_to_std_vector(const handle &src) {
+    // Allow sequence-like objects, but not (byte-)string-like objects.
+    if (PySequence_Check(src.ptr()) != 0) {
+        return !PyUnicode_Check(src.ptr()) && !PyBytes_Check(src.ptr());
+    }
+    // Allow generators, set/frozenset and several common iterable types.
+    return (PyGen_Check(src.ptr()) != 0) || (PyAnySet_Check(src.ptr()) != 0)
+           || object_is_instance_with_one_of_tp_names(
+               src.ptr(), {"dict_keys", "dict_values", "dict_items", "map", "zip"});
+}
+
+inline bool object_is_convertible_to_std_set(const handle &src, bool convert) {
+    // Allow set/frozenset and dict keys.
+    // In convert mode: also allow types derived from collections.abc.Set.
+    return ((PyAnySet_Check(src.ptr()) != 0)
+            || object_is_instance_with_one_of_tp_names(src.ptr(), {"dict_keys"}))
+           || (convert && isinstance(src, module_::import("collections.abc").attr("Set")));
+}
+
+inline bool object_is_convertible_to_std_map(const handle &src, bool convert) {
+    // Allow dict.
+    if (PyDict_Check(src.ptr())) {
+        return true;
+    }
+    // Allow types conforming to Mapping Protocol.
+    // According to https://docs.python.org/3/c-api/mapping.html, `PyMappingCheck()` checks for
+    // `__getitem__()` without checking the type of keys. In order to restrict the allowed types
+    // closer to actual Mapping-like types, we also check for the `items()` method.
+    if (PyMapping_Check(src.ptr()) != 0) {
+        PyObject *items = PyObject_GetAttrString(src.ptr(), "items");
+        if (items != nullptr) {
+            bool is_convertible = (PyCallable_Check(items) != 0);
+            Py_DECREF(items);
+            if (is_convertible) {
+                return true;
+            }
+        } else {
+            PyErr_Clear();
+        }
+    }
+    // In convert mode: Allow types derived from collections.abc.Mapping
+    return convert && isinstance(src, module_::import("collections.abc").attr("Mapping"));
+}
+
+//
+// End: Equivalent of clif/python/runtime.cc
+//
+
+/// Extracts an const lvalue reference or rvalue reference for U based on the type of T (e.g. for
+/// forwarding a container element).  Typically used indirect via forwarded_type(), below.
+template <typename T, typename U>
+using forwarded_type = conditional_t<std::is_lvalue_reference<T>::value,
+                                     remove_reference_t<U> &,
+                                     remove_reference_t<U> &&>;
+
+/// Forwards a value U as rvalue or lvalue according to whether T is rvalue or lvalue; typically
+/// used for forwarding a container's elements.
+template <typename T, typename U>
+constexpr forwarded_type<T, U> forward_like(U &&u) {
+    return std::forward<detail::forwarded_type<T, U>>(std::forward<U>(u));
+}
+
+// Checks if a container has a STL style reserve method.
+// This will only return true for a `reserve()` with a `void` return.
+template <typename C>
+using has_reserve_method = std::is_same<decltype(std::declval<C>().reserve(0)), void>;
+
+template <typename Type, typename Key>
+struct set_caster {
+    using type = Type;
+    using key_conv = make_caster<Key>;
+
+private:
+    template <typename T = Type, enable_if_t<has_reserve_method<T>::value, int> = 0>
+    void reserve_maybe(const anyset &s, Type *) {
+        value.reserve(s.size());
+    }
+    void reserve_maybe(const anyset &, void *) {}
+
+    bool convert_iterable(const iterable &itbl, bool convert) {
+        for (const auto &it : itbl) {
+            key_conv conv;
+            if (!conv.load(it, convert)) {
+                return false;
+            }
+            value.insert(cast_op<Key &&>(std::move(conv)));
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    bool convert_anyset(const anyset &s, bool convert) {
+        value.clear();
+        reserve_maybe(s, &value);
+        return convert_iterable(s, convert);
+    }
+
+public:
+    bool load(handle src, bool convert) {
+        if (!object_is_convertible_to_std_set(src, convert)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        if (isinstance<anyset>(src)) {
+            value.clear();
+            return convert_anyset(reinterpret_borrow<anyset>(src), convert);
+        }
+        if (!convert) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        assert(isinstance<iterable>(src));
+        value.clear();
+        return convert_iterable(reinterpret_borrow<iterable>(src), convert);
+    }
+
+    template <typename T>
+    static handle cast(T &&src, return_value_policy policy, handle parent) {
+        if (!std::is_lvalue_reference<T>::value) {
+            policy = return_value_policy_override<Key>::policy(policy);
+        }
+        pybind11::set s;
+        for (auto &&value : src) {
+            auto value_ = reinterpret_steal<object>(
+                key_conv::cast(detail::forward_like<T>(value), policy, parent));
+            if (!value_ || !s.add(std::move(value_))) {
+                return handle();
+            }
+        }
+        return s.release();
+    }
+
+    PYBIND11_TYPE_CASTER(type,
+                         io_name("collections.abc.Set", "set") + const_name("[") + key_conv::name
+                             + const_name("]"));
+};
+
+template <typename Type, typename Key, typename Value>
+struct map_caster {
+    using key_conv = make_caster<Key>;
+    using value_conv = make_caster<Value>;
+
+private:
+    template <typename T = Type, enable_if_t<has_reserve_method<T>::value, int> = 0>
+    void reserve_maybe(const dict &d, Type *) {
+        value.reserve(d.size());
+    }
+    void reserve_maybe(const dict &, void *) {}
+
+    bool convert_elements(const dict &d, bool convert) {
+        value.clear();
+        reserve_maybe(d, &value);
+        for (const auto &it : d) {
+            key_conv kconv;
+            value_conv vconv;
+            if (!kconv.load(it.first.ptr(), convert) || !vconv.load(it.second.ptr(), convert)) {
+                return false;
+            }
+            value.emplace(cast_op<Key &&>(std::move(kconv)), cast_op<Value &&>(std::move(vconv)));
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+
+public:
+    bool load(handle src, bool convert) {
+        if (!object_is_convertible_to_std_map(src, convert)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        if (isinstance<dict>(src)) {
+            return convert_elements(reinterpret_borrow<dict>(src), convert);
+        }
+        if (!convert) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        auto items = reinterpret_steal<object>(PyMapping_Items(src.ptr()));
+        if (!items) {
+            throw error_already_set();
+        }
+        assert(isinstance<iterable>(items));
+        return convert_elements(dict(reinterpret_borrow<iterable>(items)), convert);
+    }
+
+    template <typename T>
+    static handle cast(T &&src, return_value_policy policy, handle parent) {
+        dict d;
+        return_value_policy policy_key = policy;
+        return_value_policy policy_value = policy;
+        if (!std::is_lvalue_reference<T>::value) {
+            policy_key = return_value_policy_override<Key>::policy(policy_key);
+            policy_value = return_value_policy_override<Value>::policy(policy_value);
+        }
+        for (auto &&kv : src) {
+            auto key = reinterpret_steal<object>(
+                key_conv::cast(detail::forward_like<T>(kv.first), policy_key, parent));
+            auto value = reinterpret_steal<object>(
+                value_conv::cast(detail::forward_like<T>(kv.second), policy_value, parent));
+            if (!key || !value) {
+                return handle();
+            }
+            d[std::move(key)] = std::move(value);
+        }
+        return d.release();
+    }
+
+    PYBIND11_TYPE_CASTER(Type,
+                         io_name("collections.abc.Mapping", "dict") + const_name("[")
+                             + key_conv::name + const_name(", ") + value_conv::name
+                             + const_name("]"));
+};
+
+template <typename Type, typename Value>
+struct list_caster {
+    using value_conv = make_caster<Value>;
+
+    bool load(handle src, bool convert) {
+        if (!object_is_convertible_to_std_vector(src)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        if (isinstance<sequence>(src)) {
+            return convert_elements(src, convert);
+        }
+        if (!convert) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        // Designed to be behavior-equivalent to passing tuple(src) from Python:
+        // The conversion to a tuple will first exhaust the generator object, to ensure that
+        // the generator is not left in an unpredictable (to the caller) partially-consumed
+        // state.
+        assert(isinstance<iterable>(src));
+        return convert_elements(tuple(reinterpret_borrow<iterable>(src)), convert);
+    }
+
+private:
+    template <typename T = Type, enable_if_t<has_reserve_method<T>::value, int> = 0>
+    void reserve_maybe(const sequence &s, Type *) {
+        value.reserve(s.size());
+    }
+    void reserve_maybe(const sequence &, void *) {}
+
+    bool convert_elements(handle seq, bool convert) {
+        auto s = reinterpret_borrow<sequence>(seq);
+        value.clear();
+        reserve_maybe(s, &value);
+        for (const auto &it : seq) {
+            value_conv conv;
+            if (!conv.load(it, convert)) {
+                return false;
+            }
+            value.push_back(cast_op<Value &&>(std::move(conv)));
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+
+public:
+    template <typename T>
+    static handle cast(T &&src, return_value_policy policy, handle parent) {
+        if (!std::is_lvalue_reference<T>::value) {
+            policy = return_value_policy_override<Value>::policy(policy);
+        }
+        list l(src.size());
+        ssize_t index = 0;
+        for (auto &&value : src) {
+            auto value_ = reinterpret_steal<object>(
+                value_conv::cast(detail::forward_like<T>(value), policy, parent));
+            if (!value_) {
+                return handle();
+            }
+            PyList_SET_ITEM(l.ptr(), index++, value_.release().ptr()); // steals a reference
+        }
+        return l.release();
+    }
+
+    PYBIND11_TYPE_CASTER(Type,
+                         io_name("collections.abc.Sequence", "list") + const_name("[")
+                             + value_conv::name + const_name("]"));
+};
+
+template <typename Type, typename Alloc>
+struct type_caster<std::vector<Type, Alloc>> : list_caster<std::vector<Type, Alloc>, Type> {};
+
+template <typename Type, typename Alloc>
+struct type_caster<std::deque<Type, Alloc>> : list_caster<std::deque<Type, Alloc>, Type> {};
+
+template <typename Type, typename Alloc>
+struct type_caster<std::list<Type, Alloc>> : list_caster<std::list<Type, Alloc>, Type> {};
+
+template <typename ArrayType, typename V, size_t... I>
+ArrayType vector_to_array_impl(V &&v, index_sequence<I...>) {
+    return {{std::move(v[I])...}};
+}
+
+// Based on https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/container/array/to_array
+template <typename ArrayType, size_t N, typename V>
+ArrayType vector_to_array(V &&v) {
+    return vector_to_array_impl<ArrayType, V>(std::forward<V>(v), make_index_sequence<N>{});
+}
+
+template <typename ArrayType, typename Value, bool Resizable, size_t Size = 0>
+struct array_caster {
+    using value_conv = make_caster<Value>;
+
+private:
+    std::unique_ptr<ArrayType> value;
+
+    template <bool R = Resizable, enable_if_t<R, int> = 0>
+    bool convert_elements(handle seq, bool convert) {
+        auto l = reinterpret_borrow<sequence>(seq);
+        value.reset(new ArrayType{});
+        // Using `resize` to preserve the behavior exactly as it was before PR #5305
+        // For the `resize` to work, `Value` must be default constructible.
+        // For `std::valarray`, this is a requirement:
+        // https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/named_req/NumericType
+        value->resize(l.size());
+        size_t ctr = 0;
+        for (const auto &it : l) {
+            value_conv conv;
+            if (!conv.load(it, convert)) {
+                return false;
+            }
+            (*value)[ctr++] = cast_op<Value &&>(std::move(conv));
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    template <bool R = Resizable, enable_if_t<!R, int> = 0>
+    bool convert_elements(handle seq, bool convert) {
+        auto l = reinterpret_borrow<sequence>(seq);
+        if (l.size() != Size) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        // The `temp` storage is needed to support `Value` types that are not
+        // default-constructible.
+        // Deliberate choice: no template specializations, for simplicity, and
+        // because the compile time overhead for the specializations is deemed
+        // more significant than the runtime overhead for the `temp` storage.
+        std::vector<Value> temp;
+        temp.reserve(l.size());
+        for (auto it : l) {
+            value_conv conv;
+            if (!conv.load(it, convert)) {
+                return false;
+            }
+            temp.emplace_back(cast_op<Value &&>(std::move(conv)));
+        }
+        value.reset(new ArrayType(vector_to_array<ArrayType, Size>(std::move(temp))));
+        return true;
+    }
+
+public:
+    bool load(handle src, bool convert) {
+        if (!object_is_convertible_to_std_vector(src)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        if (isinstance<sequence>(src)) {
+            return convert_elements(src, convert);
+        }
+        if (!convert) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        // Designed to be behavior-equivalent to passing tuple(src) from Python:
+        // The conversion to a tuple will first exhaust the generator object, to ensure that
+        // the generator is not left in an unpredictable (to the caller) partially-consumed
+        // state.
+        assert(isinstance<iterable>(src));
+        return convert_elements(tuple(reinterpret_borrow<iterable>(src)), convert);
+    }
+
+    template <typename T>
+    static handle cast(T &&src, return_value_policy policy, handle parent) {
+        list l(src.size());
+        ssize_t index = 0;
+        for (auto &&value : src) {
+            auto value_ = reinterpret_steal<object>(
+                value_conv::cast(detail::forward_like<T>(value), policy, parent));
+            if (!value_) {
+                return handle();
+            }
+            PyList_SET_ITEM(l.ptr(), index++, value_.release().ptr()); // steals a reference
+        }
+        return l.release();
+    }
+
+    // Code copied from PYBIND11_TYPE_CASTER macro.
+    // Intentionally preserving the behavior exactly as it was before PR #5305
+    template <typename T_, enable_if_t<std::is_same<ArrayType, remove_cv_t<T_>>::value, int> = 0>
+    static handle cast(T_ *src, return_value_policy policy, handle parent) {
+        if (!src) {
+            return none().release();
+        }
+        if (policy == return_value_policy::take_ownership) {
+            auto h = cast(std::move(*src), policy, parent);
+            delete src; // WARNING: Assumes `src` was allocated with `new`.
+            return h;
+        }
+        return cast(*src, policy, parent);
+    }
+
+    // NOLINTNEXTLINE(google-explicit-constructor)
+    operator ArrayType *() { return &(*value); }
+    // NOLINTNEXTLINE(google-explicit-constructor)
+    operator ArrayType &() { return *value; }
+    // NOLINTNEXTLINE(google-explicit-constructor)
+    operator ArrayType &&() && { return std::move(*value); }
+
+    template <typename T_>
+    using cast_op_type = movable_cast_op_type<T_>;
+
+    static constexpr auto name
+        = const_name<Resizable>(const_name(""), const_name("typing.Annotated["))
+          + io_name("collections.abc.Sequence", "list") + const_name("[") + value_conv::name
+          + const_name("]")
+          + const_name<Resizable>(const_name(""),
+                                  const_name(", \"FixedSize(") + const_name<Size>()
+                                      + const_name(")\"]"));
+};
+
+template <typename Type, size_t Size>
+struct type_caster<std::array<Type, Size>>
+    : array_caster<std::array<Type, Size>, Type, false, Size> {};
+
+template <typename Type>
+struct type_caster<std::valarray<Type>> : array_caster<std::valarray<Type>, Type, true> {};
+
+template <typename Key, typename Compare, typename Alloc>
+struct type_caster<std::set<Key, Compare, Alloc>>
+    : set_caster<std::set<Key, Compare, Alloc>, Key> {};
+
+template <typename Key, typename Hash, typename Equal, typename Alloc>
+struct type_caster<std::unordered_set<Key, Hash, Equal, Alloc>>
+    : set_caster<std::unordered_set<Key, Hash, Equal, Alloc>, Key> {};
+
+template <typename Key, typename Value, typename Compare, typename Alloc>
+struct type_caster<std::map<Key, Value, Compare, Alloc>>
+    : map_caster<std::map<Key, Value, Compare, Alloc>, Key, Value> {};
+
+template <typename Key, typename Value, typename Hash, typename Equal, typename Alloc>
+struct type_caster<std::unordered_map<Key, Value, Hash, Equal, Alloc>>
+    : map_caster<std::unordered_map<Key, Value, Hash, Equal, Alloc>, Key, Value> {};
+
+// This type caster is intended to be used for std::optional and std::experimental::optional
+template <typename Type, typename Value = typename Type::value_type>
+struct optional_caster {
+    using value_conv = make_caster<Value>;
+
+    template <typename T>
+    static handle cast(T &&src, return_value_policy policy, handle parent) {
+        if (!src) {
+            return none().release();
+        }
+        if (!std::is_lvalue_reference<T>::value) {
+            policy = return_value_policy_override<Value>::policy(policy);
+        }
+        // NOLINTNEXTLINE(bugprone-unchecked-optional-access)
+        return value_conv::cast(*std::forward<T>(src), policy, parent);
+    }
+
+    bool load(handle src, bool convert) {
+        if (!src) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        if (src.is_none()) {
+            return true; // default-constructed value is already empty
+        }
+        value_conv inner_caster;
+        if (!inner_caster.load(src, convert)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        value.emplace(cast_op<Value &&>(std::move(inner_caster)));
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    PYBIND11_TYPE_CASTER(Type, value_conv::name | make_caster<none>::name);
+};
+
+#if defined(PYBIND11_HAS_OPTIONAL)
+template <typename T>
+struct type_caster<std::optional<T>> : public optional_caster<std::optional<T>> {};
+
+template <>
+struct type_caster<std::nullopt_t> : public void_caster<std::nullopt_t> {};
+#endif
+
+#if defined(PYBIND11_HAS_EXP_OPTIONAL)
+template <typename T>
+struct type_caster<std::experimental::optional<T>>
+    : public optional_caster<std::experimental::optional<T>> {};
+
+template <>
+struct type_caster<std::experimental::nullopt_t>
+    : public void_caster<std::experimental::nullopt_t> {};
+#endif
+
+/// Visit a variant and cast any found type to Python
+struct variant_caster_visitor {
+    return_value_policy policy;
+    handle parent;
+
+    using result_type = handle; // required by boost::variant in C++11
+
+    template <typename T>
+    result_type operator()(T &&src) const {
+        return make_caster<T>::cast(std::forward<T>(src), policy, parent);
+    }
+};
+
+/// Helper class which abstracts away variant's `visit` function. `std::variant` and similar
+/// `namespace::variant` types which provide a `namespace::visit()` function are handled here
+/// automatically using argument-dependent lookup. Users can provide specializations for other
+/// variant-like classes, e.g. `boost::variant` and `boost::apply_visitor`.
+template <template <typename...> class Variant>
+struct visit_helper {
+    template <typename... Args>
+    static auto call(Args &&...args) -> decltype(visit(std::forward<Args>(args)...)) {
+        return visit(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+    }
+};
+
+/// Generic variant caster
+template <typename Variant>
+struct variant_caster;
+
+template <template <typename...> class V, typename... Ts>
+struct variant_caster<V<Ts...>> {
+    static_assert(sizeof...(Ts) > 0, "Variant must consist of at least one alternative.");
+
+    template <typename U, typename... Us>
+    bool load_alternative(handle src, bool convert, type_list<U, Us...>) {
+        auto caster = make_caster<U>();
+        if (caster.load(src, convert)) {
+            value = cast_op<U>(std::move(caster));
+            return true;
+        }
+        return load_alternative(src, convert, type_list<Us...>{});
+    }
+
+    bool load_alternative(handle, bool, type_list<>) { return false; }
+
+    bool load(handle src, bool convert) {
+        // Do a first pass without conversions to improve constructor resolution.
+        // E.g. `py::int_(1).cast<variant<double, int>>()` needs to fill the `int`
+        // slot of the variant. Without two-pass loading `double` would be filled
+        // because it appears first and a conversion is possible.
+        if (convert && load_alternative(src, false, type_list<Ts...>{})) {
+            return true;
+        }
+        return load_alternative(src, convert, type_list<Ts...>{});
+    }
+
+    template <typename Variant>
+    static handle cast(Variant &&src, return_value_policy policy, handle parent) {
+        return visit_helper<V>::call(variant_caster_visitor{policy, parent},
+                                     std::forward<Variant>(src));
+    }
+
+    using Type = V<Ts...>;
+    PYBIND11_TYPE_CASTER(Type, ::pybind11::detail::union_concat(make_caster<Ts>::name...));
+};
+
+#if defined(PYBIND11_HAS_VARIANT)
+template <typename... Ts>
+struct type_caster<std::variant<Ts...>> : variant_caster<std::variant<Ts...>> {};
+
+template <>
+struct type_caster<std::monostate> : public void_caster<std::monostate> {};
+#endif
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_END(detail)
+
+inline std::ostream &operator<<(std::ostream &os, const handle &obj) {
+#ifdef PYBIND11_HAS_STRING_VIEW
+    os << str(obj).cast<std::string_view>();
+#else
+    os << (std::string) str(obj);
+#endif
+    return os;
+}
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_END(PYBIND11_NAMESPACE)

deps_src/pybind11/include/pybind11/stl/filesystem.h

@@ -0,0 +1,114 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2021 The Pybind Development Team.
+// All rights reserved. Use of this source code is governed by a
+// BSD-style license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <pybind11/cast.h>
+#include <pybind11/detail/common.h>
+#include <pybind11/detail/descr.h>
+#include <pybind11/pybind11.h>
+#include <pybind11/pytypes.h>
+
+#include <string>
+
+#if defined(PYBIND11_HAS_FILESYSTEM)
+#    include <filesystem>
+#elif defined(PYBIND11_HAS_EXPERIMENTAL_FILESYSTEM)
+#    include <experimental/filesystem>
+#else
+#    error "Neither #include <filesystem> nor #include <experimental/filesystem is available."
+#endif
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_BEGIN(PYBIND11_NAMESPACE)
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_BEGIN(detail)
+
+#ifdef PYPY_VERSION
+#    define PYBIND11_REINTERPRET_CAST_VOID_PTR_IF_NOT_PYPY(...) (__VA_ARGS__)
+#else
+#    define PYBIND11_REINTERPRET_CAST_VOID_PTR_IF_NOT_PYPY(...)                                   \
+        (reinterpret_cast<void *>(__VA_ARGS__))
+#endif
+
+#if defined(PYBIND11_HAS_FILESYSTEM) || defined(PYBIND11_HAS_EXPERIMENTAL_FILESYSTEM)
+template <typename T>
+struct path_caster {
+
+private:
+    static PyObject *unicode_from_fs_native(const std::string &w) {
+#    if !defined(PYPY_VERSION)
+        return PyUnicode_DecodeFSDefaultAndSize(w.c_str(), ssize_t(w.size()));
+#    else
+        // PyPy mistakenly declares the first parameter as non-const.
+        return PyUnicode_DecodeFSDefaultAndSize(const_cast<char *>(w.c_str()), ssize_t(w.size()));
+#    endif
+    }
+
+    static PyObject *unicode_from_fs_native(const std::wstring &w) {
+        return PyUnicode_FromWideChar(w.c_str(), ssize_t(w.size()));
+    }
+
+public:
+    static handle cast(const T &path, return_value_policy, handle) {
+        if (auto py_str = unicode_from_fs_native(path.native())) {
+            return module_::import("pathlib")
+                .attr("Path")(reinterpret_steal<object>(py_str))
+                .release();
+        }
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+
+    bool load(handle handle, bool) {
+        // PyUnicode_FSConverter and PyUnicode_FSDecoder normally take care of
+        // calling PyOS_FSPath themselves, but that's broken on PyPy (PyPy
+        // issue #3168) so we do it ourselves instead.
+        PyObject *buf = PyOS_FSPath(handle.ptr());
+        if (!buf) {
+            PyErr_Clear();
+            return false;
+        }
+        PyObject *native = nullptr;
+        if constexpr (std::is_same_v<typename T::value_type, char>) {
+            if (PyUnicode_FSConverter(buf, PYBIND11_REINTERPRET_CAST_VOID_PTR_IF_NOT_PYPY(&native))
+                != 0) {
+                if (auto *c_str = PyBytes_AsString(native)) {
+                    // AsString returns a pointer to the internal buffer, which
+                    // must not be free'd.
+                    value = c_str;
+                }
+            }
+        } else if constexpr (std::is_same_v<typename T::value_type, wchar_t>) {
+            if (PyUnicode_FSDecoder(buf, PYBIND11_REINTERPRET_CAST_VOID_PTR_IF_NOT_PYPY(&native))
+                != 0) {
+                if (auto *c_str = PyUnicode_AsWideCharString(native, nullptr)) {
+                    // AsWideCharString returns a new string that must be free'd.
+                    value = c_str; // Copies the string.
+                    PyMem_Free(c_str);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        Py_XDECREF(native);
+        Py_DECREF(buf);
+        if (PyErr_Occurred()) {
+            PyErr_Clear();
+            return false;
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    PYBIND11_TYPE_CASTER(T, io_name("os.PathLike | str | bytes", "pathlib.Path"));
+};
+
+#endif // PYBIND11_HAS_FILESYSTEM || defined(PYBIND11_HAS_EXPERIMENTAL_FILESYSTEM)
+
+#if defined(PYBIND11_HAS_FILESYSTEM)
+template <>
+struct type_caster<std::filesystem::path> : public path_caster<std::filesystem::path> {};
+#elif defined(PYBIND11_HAS_EXPERIMENTAL_FILESYSTEM)
+template <>
+struct type_caster<std::experimental::filesystem::path>
+    : public path_caster<std::experimental::filesystem::path> {};
+#endif
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_END(detail)
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_END(PYBIND11_NAMESPACE)

deps_src/pybind11/include/pybind11/stl_bind.h

@@ -0,0 +1,858 @@
+/*
+    pybind11/std_bind.h: Binding generators for STL data types
+
+    Copyright (c) 2016 Sergey Lyskov and Wenzel Jakob
+
+    All rights reserved. Use of this source code is governed by a
+    BSD-style license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+*/
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "detail/common.h"
+#include "detail/type_caster_base.h"
+#include "cast.h"
+#include "operators.h"
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <sstream>
+#include <type_traits>
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_BEGIN(PYBIND11_NAMESPACE)
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_BEGIN(detail)
+
+/* SFINAE helper class used by 'is_comparable */
+template <typename T>
+struct container_traits {
+    template <typename T2>
+    static std::true_type
+    test_comparable(decltype(std::declval<const T2 &>() == std::declval<const T2 &>()) *);
+    template <typename T2>
+    static std::false_type test_comparable(...);
+    template <typename T2>
+    static std::true_type test_value(typename T2::value_type *);
+    template <typename T2>
+    static std::false_type test_value(...);
+    template <typename T2>
+    static std::true_type test_pair(typename T2::first_type *, typename T2::second_type *);
+    template <typename T2>
+    static std::false_type test_pair(...);
+
+    static constexpr const bool is_comparable
+        = std::is_same<std::true_type, decltype(test_comparable<T>(nullptr))>::value;
+    static constexpr const bool is_pair
+        = std::is_same<std::true_type, decltype(test_pair<T>(nullptr, nullptr))>::value;
+    static constexpr const bool is_vector
+        = std::is_same<std::true_type, decltype(test_value<T>(nullptr))>::value;
+    static constexpr const bool is_element = !is_pair && !is_vector;
+};
+
+/* Default: is_comparable -> std::false_type */
+template <typename T, typename SFINAE = void>
+struct is_comparable : std::false_type {};
+
+/* For non-map data structures, check whether operator== can be instantiated */
+template <typename T>
+struct is_comparable<
+    T,
+    enable_if_t<container_traits<T>::is_element && container_traits<T>::is_comparable>>
+    : std::true_type {};
+
+/* For a vector/map data structure, recursively check the value type
+   (which is std::pair for maps) */
+template <typename T>
+struct is_comparable<T, enable_if_t<container_traits<T>::is_vector>>
+    : is_comparable<typename recursive_container_traits<T>::type_to_check_recursively> {};
+
+template <>
+struct is_comparable<recursive_bottom> : std::true_type {};
+
+/* For pairs, recursively check the two data types */
+template <typename T>
+struct is_comparable<T, enable_if_t<container_traits<T>::is_pair>> {
+    static constexpr const bool value = is_comparable<typename T::first_type>::value
+                                        && is_comparable<typename T::second_type>::value;
+};
+
+/* Fallback functions */
+template <typename, typename, typename... Args>
+void vector_if_copy_constructible(const Args &...) {}
+template <typename, typename, typename... Args>
+void vector_if_equal_operator(const Args &...) {}
+template <typename, typename, typename... Args>
+void vector_if_insertion_operator(const Args &...) {}
+template <typename, typename, typename... Args>
+void vector_modifiers(const Args &...) {}
+
+template <typename Vector, typename Class_>
+void vector_if_copy_constructible(enable_if_t<is_copy_constructible<Vector>::value, Class_> &cl) {
+    cl.def(init<const Vector &>(), "Copy constructor");
+}
+
+template <typename Vector, typename Class_>
+void vector_if_equal_operator(enable_if_t<is_comparable<Vector>::value, Class_> &cl) {
+    using T = typename Vector::value_type;
+
+    cl.def(self == self);
+    cl.def(self != self);
+
+    cl.def(
+        "count",
+        [](const Vector &v, const T &x) { return std::count(v.begin(), v.end(), x); },
+        arg("x"),
+        "Return the number of times ``x`` appears in the list");
+
+    cl.def(
+        "remove",
+        [](Vector &v, const T &x) {
+            auto p = std::find(v.begin(), v.end(), x);
+            if (p != v.end()) {
+                v.erase(p);
+            } else {
+                throw value_error();
+            }
+        },
+        arg("x"),
+        "Remove the first item from the list whose value is x. "
+        "It is an error if there is no such item.");
+
+    cl.def(
+        "__contains__",
+        [](const Vector &v, const T &x) { return std::find(v.begin(), v.end(), x) != v.end(); },
+        arg("x"),
+        "Return true the container contains ``x``");
+}
+
+// Vector modifiers -- requires a copyable vector_type:
+// (Technically, some of these (pop and __delitem__) don't actually require copyability, but it
+// seems silly to allow deletion but not insertion, so include them here too.)
+template <typename Vector, typename Class_>
+void vector_modifiers(
+    enable_if_t<is_copy_constructible<typename Vector::value_type>::value, Class_> &cl) {
+    using T = typename Vector::value_type;
+    using SizeType = typename Vector::size_type;
+    using DiffType = typename Vector::difference_type;
+
+    auto wrap_i = [](DiffType i, SizeType n) {
+        if (i < 0) {
+            i += n;
+        }
+        if (i < 0 || (SizeType) i >= n) {
+            throw index_error();
+        }
+        return i;
+    };
+
+    cl.def(
+        "append",
+        [](Vector &v, const T &value) { v.push_back(value); },
+        arg("x"),
+        "Add an item to the end of the list");
+
+    cl.def(init([](const iterable &it) {
+        auto v = std::unique_ptr<Vector>(new Vector());
+        v->reserve(len_hint(it));
+        for (handle h : it) {
+            v->push_back(h.cast<T>());
+        }
+        return v.release();
+    }));
+
+    cl.def("clear", [](Vector &v) { v.clear(); }, "Clear the contents");
+
+    cl.def(
+        "extend",
+        [](Vector &v, const Vector &src) { v.insert(v.end(), src.begin(), src.end()); },
+        arg("L"),
+        "Extend the list by appending all the items in the given list");
+
+    cl.def(
+        "extend",
+        [](Vector &v, const iterable &it) {
+            const size_t old_size = v.size();
+            v.reserve(old_size + len_hint(it));
+            try {
+                for (handle h : it) {
+                    v.push_back(h.cast<T>());
+                }
+            } catch (const cast_error &) {
+                v.erase(v.begin() + static_cast<typename Vector::difference_type>(old_size),
+                        v.end());
+                try {
+                    v.shrink_to_fit();
+                } catch (const std::exception &) { // NOLINT(bugprone-empty-catch)
+                    // Do nothing
+                }
+                throw;
+            }
+        },
+        arg("L"),
+        "Extend the list by appending all the items in the given list");
+
+    cl.def(
+        "insert",
+        [](Vector &v, DiffType i, const T &x) {
+            // Can't use wrap_i; i == v.size() is OK
+            if (i < 0) {
+                i += v.size();
+            }
+            if (i < 0 || (SizeType) i > v.size()) {
+                throw index_error();
+            }
+            v.insert(v.begin() + i, x);
+        },
+        arg("i"),
+        arg("x"),
+        "Insert an item at a given position.");
+
+    cl.def(
+        "pop",
+        [](Vector &v) {
+            if (v.empty()) {
+                throw index_error();
+            }
+            T t = std::move(v.back());
+            v.pop_back();
+            return t;
+        },
+        "Remove and return the last item");
+
+    cl.def(
+        "pop",
+        [wrap_i](Vector &v, DiffType i) {
+            i = wrap_i(i, v.size());
+            T t = std::move(v[(SizeType) i]);
+            v.erase(std::next(v.begin(), i));
+            return t;
+        },
+        arg("i"),
+        "Remove and return the item at index ``i``");
+
+    cl.def("__setitem__", [wrap_i](Vector &v, DiffType i, const T &t) {
+        i = wrap_i(i, v.size());
+        v[(SizeType) i] = t;
+    });
+
+    /// Slicing protocol
+    cl.def(
+        "__getitem__",
+        [](const Vector &v, const slice &slice) -> Vector * {
+            size_t start = 0, stop = 0, step = 0, slicelength = 0;
+
+            if (!slice.compute(v.size(), &start, &stop, &step, &slicelength)) {
+                throw error_already_set();
+            }
+
+            auto *seq = new Vector();
+            seq->reserve((size_t) slicelength);
+
+            for (size_t i = 0; i < slicelength; ++i) {
+                seq->push_back(v[start]);
+                start += step;
+            }
+            return seq;
+        },
+        arg("s"),
+        "Retrieve list elements using a slice object");
+
+    cl.def(
+        "__setitem__",
+        [](Vector &v, const slice &slice, const Vector &value) {
+            size_t start = 0, stop = 0, step = 0, slicelength = 0;
+            if (!slice.compute(v.size(), &start, &stop, &step, &slicelength)) {
+                throw error_already_set();
+            }
+
+            if (slicelength != value.size()) {
+                throw std::runtime_error(
+                    "Left and right hand size of slice assignment have different sizes!");
+            }
+
+            for (size_t i = 0; i < slicelength; ++i) {
+                v[start] = value[i];
+                start += step;
+            }
+        },
+        "Assign list elements using a slice object");
+
+    cl.def(
+        "__delitem__",
+        [wrap_i](Vector &v, DiffType i) {
+            i = wrap_i(i, v.size());
+            v.erase(v.begin() + i);
+        },
+        "Delete the list elements at index ``i``");
+
+    cl.def(
+        "__delitem__",
+        [](Vector &v, const slice &slice) {
+            size_t start = 0, stop = 0, step = 0, slicelength = 0;
+
+            if (!slice.compute(v.size(), &start, &stop, &step, &slicelength)) {
+                throw error_already_set();
+            }
+
+            if (step == 1 && false) {
+                v.erase(v.begin() + (DiffType) start, v.begin() + DiffType(start + slicelength));
+            } else {
+                for (size_t i = 0; i < slicelength; ++i) {
+                    v.erase(v.begin() + DiffType(start));
+                    start += step - 1;
+                }
+            }
+        },
+        "Delete list elements using a slice object");
+}
+
+// If the type has an operator[] that doesn't return a reference (most notably std::vector<bool>),
+// we have to access by copying; otherwise we return by reference.
+template <typename Vector>
+using vector_needs_copy
+    = negation<std::is_same<decltype(std::declval<Vector>()[typename Vector::size_type()]),
+                            typename Vector::value_type &>>;
+
+// The usual case: access and iterate by reference
+template <typename Vector, typename Class_>
+void vector_accessor(enable_if_t<!vector_needs_copy<Vector>::value, Class_> &cl) {
+    using T = typename Vector::value_type;
+    using SizeType = typename Vector::size_type;
+    using DiffType = typename Vector::difference_type;
+    using ItType = typename Vector::iterator;
+
+    auto wrap_i = [](DiffType i, SizeType n) {
+        if (i < 0) {
+            i += n;
+        }
+        if (i < 0 || (SizeType) i >= n) {
+            throw index_error();
+        }
+        return i;
+    };
+
+    cl.def(
+        "__getitem__",
+        [wrap_i](Vector &v, DiffType i) -> T & {
+            i = wrap_i(i, v.size());
+            return v[(SizeType) i];
+        },
+        return_value_policy::reference_internal // ref + keepalive
+    );
+
+    cl.def(
+        "__iter__",
+        [](Vector &v) {
+            return make_iterator<return_value_policy::reference_internal, ItType, ItType, T &>(
+                v.begin(), v.end());
+        },
+        keep_alive<0, 1>() /* Essential: keep list alive while iterator exists */
+    );
+}
+
+// The case for special objects, like std::vector<bool>, that have to be returned-by-copy:
+template <typename Vector, typename Class_>
+void vector_accessor(enable_if_t<vector_needs_copy<Vector>::value, Class_> &cl) {
+    using T = typename Vector::value_type;
+    using SizeType = typename Vector::size_type;
+    using DiffType = typename Vector::difference_type;
+    using ItType = typename Vector::iterator;
+    cl.def("__getitem__", [](const Vector &v, DiffType i) -> T {
+        if (i < 0) {
+            i += v.size();
+            if (i < 0) {
+                throw index_error();
+            }
+        }
+        auto i_st = static_cast<SizeType>(i);
+        if (i_st >= v.size()) {
+            throw index_error();
+        }
+        return v[i_st];
+    });
+
+    cl.def(
+        "__iter__",
+        [](Vector &v) {
+            return make_iterator<return_value_policy::copy, ItType, ItType, T>(v.begin(), v.end());
+        },
+        keep_alive<0, 1>() /* Essential: keep list alive while iterator exists */
+    );
+}
+
+template <typename Vector, typename Class_>
+auto vector_if_insertion_operator(Class_ &cl, std::string const &name)
+    -> decltype(std::declval<std::ostream &>() << std::declval<typename Vector::value_type>(),
+                void()) {
+    using size_type = typename Vector::size_type;
+
+    cl.def(
+        "__repr__",
+        [name](Vector &v) {
+            std::ostringstream s;
+            s << name << '[';
+            for (size_type i = 0; i < v.size(); ++i) {
+                s << v[i];
+                if (i != v.size() - 1) {
+                    s << ", ";
+                }
+            }
+            s << ']';
+            return s.str();
+        },
+        "Return the canonical string representation of this list.");
+}
+
+// Provide the buffer interface for vectors if we have data() and we have a format for it
+// GCC seems to have "void std::vector<bool>::data()" - doing SFINAE on the existence of data()
+// is insufficient, we need to check it returns an appropriate pointer
+template <typename Vector, typename = void>
+struct vector_has_data_and_format : std::false_type {};
+template <typename Vector>
+struct vector_has_data_and_format<
+    Vector,
+    enable_if_t<std::is_same<decltype(format_descriptor<typename Vector::value_type>::format(),
+                                      std::declval<Vector>().data()),
+                             typename Vector::value_type *>::value>> : std::true_type {};
+
+// [workaround(intel)] Separate function required here
+// Workaround as the Intel compiler does not compile the enable_if_t part below
+// (tested with icc (ICC) 2021.1 Beta 20200827)
+template <typename... Args>
+constexpr bool args_any_are_buffer() {
+    return detail::any_of<std::is_same<Args, buffer_protocol>...>::value;
+}
+
+// [workaround(intel)] Separate function required here
+// [workaround(msvc)] Can't use constexpr bool in return type
+
+// Add the buffer interface to a vector
+template <typename Vector, typename Class_, typename... Args>
+void vector_buffer_impl(Class_ &cl, std::true_type) {
+    using T = typename Vector::value_type;
+
+    static_assert(vector_has_data_and_format<Vector>::value,
+                  "There is not an appropriate format descriptor for this vector");
+
+    // numpy.h declares this for arbitrary types, but it may raise an exception and crash hard
+    // at runtime if PYBIND11_NUMPY_DTYPE hasn't been called, so check here
+    format_descriptor<T>::format();
+
+    cl.def_buffer([](Vector &v) -> buffer_info {
+        return buffer_info(v.data(),
+                           static_cast<ssize_t>(sizeof(T)),
+                           format_descriptor<T>::format(),
+                           1,
+                           {v.size()},
+                           {sizeof(T)});
+    });
+
+    cl.def(init([](const buffer &buf) {
+        auto info = buf.request();
+        if (info.ndim != 1 || info.strides[0] % static_cast<ssize_t>(sizeof(T))) {
+            throw type_error("Only valid 1D buffers can be copied to a vector");
+        }
+        if (!detail::compare_buffer_info<T>::compare(info)
+            || (ssize_t) sizeof(T) != info.itemsize) {
+            throw type_error("Format mismatch (Python: " + info.format
+                             + " C++: " + format_descriptor<T>::format() + ")");
+        }
+
+        T *p = static_cast<T *>(info.ptr);
+        ssize_t step = info.strides[0] / static_cast<ssize_t>(sizeof(T));
+        T *end = p + info.shape[0] * step;
+        if (step == 1) {
+            return Vector(p, end);
+        }
+        Vector vec;
+        vec.reserve((size_t) info.shape[0]);
+        for (; p != end; p += step) {
+            vec.push_back(*p);
+        }
+        return vec;
+    }));
+
+    return;
+}
+
+template <typename Vector, typename Class_, typename... Args>
+void vector_buffer_impl(Class_ &, std::false_type) {}
+
+template <typename Vector, typename Class_, typename... Args>
+void vector_buffer(Class_ &cl) {
+    vector_buffer_impl<Vector, Class_, Args...>(
+        cl, detail::any_of<std::is_same<Args, buffer_protocol>...>{});
+}
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_END(detail)
+
+//
+// std::vector
+//
+template <typename Vector, typename holder_type = default_holder_type<Vector>, typename... Args>
+class_<Vector, holder_type> bind_vector(handle scope, std::string const &name, Args &&...args) {
+    using Class_ = class_<Vector, holder_type>;
+
+    // If the value_type is unregistered (e.g. a converting type) or is itself registered
+    // module-local then make the vector binding module-local as well:
+    using vtype = typename Vector::value_type;
+    auto *vtype_info = detail::get_type_info(typeid(vtype));
+    bool local = !vtype_info || vtype_info->module_local;
+
+    Class_ cl(scope, name.c_str(), pybind11::module_local(local), std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+
+    // Declare the buffer interface if a buffer_protocol() is passed in
+    detail::vector_buffer<Vector, Class_, Args...>(cl);
+
+    cl.def(init<>());
+
+    // Register copy constructor (if possible)
+    detail::vector_if_copy_constructible<Vector, Class_>(cl);
+
+    // Register comparison-related operators and functions (if possible)
+    detail::vector_if_equal_operator<Vector, Class_>(cl);
+
+    // Register stream insertion operator (if possible)
+    detail::vector_if_insertion_operator<Vector, Class_>(cl, name);
+
+    // Modifiers require copyable vector value type
+    detail::vector_modifiers<Vector, Class_>(cl);
+
+    // Accessor and iterator; return by value if copyable, otherwise we return by ref + keep-alive
+    detail::vector_accessor<Vector, Class_>(cl);
+
+    cl.def(
+        "__bool__",
+        [](const Vector &v) -> bool { return !v.empty(); },
+        "Check whether the list is nonempty");
+
+    cl.def("__len__", [](const Vector &vec) { return vec.size(); });
+
+#if 0
+    // C++ style functions deprecated, leaving it here as an example
+    cl.def(init<size_type>());
+
+    cl.def("resize",
+         (void (Vector::*) (size_type count)) & Vector::resize,
+         "changes the number of elements stored");
+
+    cl.def("erase",
+        [](Vector &v, SizeType i) {
+        if (i >= v.size())
+            throw index_error();
+        v.erase(v.begin() + i);
+    }, "erases element at index ``i``");
+
+    cl.def("empty",         &Vector::empty,         "checks whether the container is empty");
+    cl.def("size",          &Vector::size,          "returns the number of elements");
+    cl.def("push_back", (void (Vector::*)(const T&)) &Vector::push_back, "adds an element to the end");
+    cl.def("pop_back",                               &Vector::pop_back, "removes the last element");
+
+    cl.def("max_size",      &Vector::max_size,      "returns the maximum possible number of elements");
+    cl.def("reserve",       &Vector::reserve,       "reserves storage");
+    cl.def("capacity",      &Vector::capacity,      "returns the number of elements that can be held in currently allocated storage");
+    cl.def("shrink_to_fit", &Vector::shrink_to_fit, "reduces memory usage by freeing unused memory");
+
+    cl.def("clear", &Vector::clear, "clears the contents");
+    cl.def("swap",   &Vector::swap, "swaps the contents");
+
+    cl.def("front", [](Vector &v) {
+        if (v.size()) return v.front();
+        else throw index_error();
+    }, "access the first element");
+
+    cl.def("back", [](Vector &v) {
+        if (v.size()) return v.back();
+        else throw index_error();
+    }, "access the last element ");
+
+#endif
+
+    return cl;
+}
+
+//
+// std::map, std::unordered_map
+//
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_BEGIN(detail)
+
+/* Fallback functions */
+template <typename, typename, typename... Args>
+void map_if_insertion_operator(const Args &...) {}
+template <typename, typename, typename... Args>
+void map_assignment(const Args &...) {}
+
+// Map assignment when copy-assignable: just copy the value
+template <typename Map, typename Class_>
+void map_assignment(
+    enable_if_t<is_copy_assignable<typename Map::mapped_type>::value, Class_> &cl) {
+    using KeyType = typename Map::key_type;
+    using MappedType = typename Map::mapped_type;
+
+    cl.def("__setitem__", [](Map &m, const KeyType &k, const MappedType &v) {
+        auto it = m.find(k);
+        if (it != m.end()) {
+            it->second = v;
+        } else {
+            m.emplace(k, v);
+        }
+    });
+}
+
+// Not copy-assignable, but still copy-constructible: we can update the value by erasing and
+// reinserting
+template <typename Map, typename Class_>
+void map_assignment(enable_if_t<!is_copy_assignable<typename Map::mapped_type>::value
+                                    && is_copy_constructible<typename Map::mapped_type>::value,
+                                Class_> &cl) {
+    using KeyType = typename Map::key_type;
+    using MappedType = typename Map::mapped_type;
+
+    cl.def("__setitem__", [](Map &m, const KeyType &k, const MappedType &v) {
+        // We can't use m[k] = v; because value type might not be default constructable
+        auto r = m.emplace(k, v);
+        if (!r.second) {
+            // value type is not copy assignable so the only way to insert it is to erase it
+            // first...
+            m.erase(r.first);
+            m.emplace(k, v);
+        }
+    });
+}
+
+template <typename Map, typename Class_>
+auto map_if_insertion_operator(Class_ &cl, std::string const &name)
+    -> decltype(std::declval<std::ostream &>() << std::declval<typename Map::key_type>()
+                                               << std::declval<typename Map::mapped_type>(),
+                void()) {
+
+    cl.def(
+        "__repr__",
+        [name](Map &m) {
+            std::ostringstream s;
+            s << name << '{';
+            bool f = false;
+            for (auto const &kv : m) {
+                if (f) {
+                    s << ", ";
+                }
+                s << kv.first << ": " << kv.second;
+                f = true;
+            }
+            s << '}';
+            return s.str();
+        },
+        "Return the canonical string representation of this map.");
+}
+
+struct keys_view {
+    virtual size_t len() = 0;
+    virtual iterator iter() = 0;
+    virtual bool contains(const handle &k) = 0;
+    virtual ~keys_view() = default;
+};
+
+struct values_view {
+    virtual size_t len() = 0;
+    virtual iterator iter() = 0;
+    virtual ~values_view() = default;
+};
+
+struct items_view {
+    virtual size_t len() = 0;
+    virtual iterator iter() = 0;
+    virtual ~items_view() = default;
+};
+
+template <typename Map>
+struct KeysViewImpl : public detail::keys_view {
+    explicit KeysViewImpl(Map &map) : map(map) {}
+    size_t len() override { return map.size(); }
+    iterator iter() override { return make_key_iterator(map.begin(), map.end()); }
+    bool contains(const handle &k) override {
+        try {
+            return map.find(k.template cast<typename Map::key_type>()) != map.end();
+        } catch (const cast_error &) {
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+    Map &map;
+};
+
+template <typename Map>
+struct ValuesViewImpl : public detail::values_view {
+    explicit ValuesViewImpl(Map &map) : map(map) {}
+    size_t len() override { return map.size(); }
+    iterator iter() override { return make_value_iterator(map.begin(), map.end()); }
+    Map &map;
+};
+
+template <typename Map>
+struct ItemsViewImpl : public detail::items_view {
+    explicit ItemsViewImpl(Map &map) : map(map) {}
+    size_t len() override { return map.size(); }
+    iterator iter() override { return make_iterator(map.begin(), map.end()); }
+    Map &map;
+};
+
+inline str format_message_key_error_key_object(handle py_key) {
+    str message = "pybind11::bind_map key";
+    if (!py_key) {
+        return message;
+    }
+    try {
+        message = str(py_key);
+    } catch (const std::exception &) {
+        try {
+            message = repr(py_key);
+        } catch (const std::exception &) {
+            return message;
+        }
+    }
+    const ssize_t cut_length = 100;
+    if (len(message) > 2 * cut_length + 3) {
+        return str(message[slice(0, cut_length, 1)]) + str("✄✄✄")
+               + str(message[slice(-cut_length, static_cast<ssize_t>(len(message)), 1)]);
+    }
+    return message;
+}
+
+template <typename KeyType>
+str format_message_key_error(const KeyType &key) {
+    object py_key;
+    try {
+        py_key = cast(key);
+    } catch (const std::exception &) {
+        do { // Trick to avoid "empty catch" warning/error.
+        } while (false);
+    }
+    return format_message_key_error_key_object(py_key);
+}
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_END(detail)
+
+template <typename Map, typename holder_type = default_holder_type<Map>, typename... Args>
+class_<Map, holder_type> bind_map(handle scope, const std::string &name, Args &&...args) {
+    using KeyType = typename Map::key_type;
+    using MappedType = typename Map::mapped_type;
+    using KeysView = detail::keys_view;
+    using ValuesView = detail::values_view;
+    using ItemsView = detail::items_view;
+    using Class_ = class_<Map, holder_type>;
+
+    // If either type is a non-module-local bound type then make the map binding non-local as well;
+    // otherwise (e.g. both types are either module-local or converting) the map will be
+    // module-local.
+    auto *tinfo = detail::get_type_info(typeid(MappedType));
+    bool local = !tinfo || tinfo->module_local;
+    if (local) {
+        tinfo = detail::get_type_info(typeid(KeyType));
+        local = !tinfo || tinfo->module_local;
+    }
+
+    Class_ cl(scope, name.c_str(), pybind11::module_local(local), std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+
+    // Wrap KeysView if it wasn't already wrapped
+    if (!detail::get_type_info(typeid(KeysView))) {
+        class_<KeysView> keys_view(scope, "KeysView", pybind11::module_local(local));
+        keys_view.def("__len__", &KeysView::len);
+        keys_view.def("__iter__",
+                      &KeysView::iter,
+                      keep_alive<0, 1>() /* Essential: keep view alive while iterator exists */
+        );
+        keys_view.def("__contains__", &KeysView::contains);
+    }
+    // Similarly for ValuesView:
+    if (!detail::get_type_info(typeid(ValuesView))) {
+        class_<ValuesView> values_view(scope, "ValuesView", pybind11::module_local(local));
+        values_view.def("__len__", &ValuesView::len);
+        values_view.def("__iter__",
+                        &ValuesView::iter,
+                        keep_alive<0, 1>() /* Essential: keep view alive while iterator exists */
+        );
+    }
+    // Similarly for ItemsView:
+    if (!detail::get_type_info(typeid(ItemsView))) {
+        class_<ItemsView> items_view(scope, "ItemsView", pybind11::module_local(local));
+        items_view.def("__len__", &ItemsView::len);
+        items_view.def("__iter__",
+                       &ItemsView::iter,
+                       keep_alive<0, 1>() /* Essential: keep view alive while iterator exists */
+        );
+    }
+
+    cl.def(init<>());
+
+    // Register stream insertion operator (if possible)
+    detail::map_if_insertion_operator<Map, Class_>(cl, name);
+
+    cl.def(
+        "__bool__",
+        [](const Map &m) -> bool { return !m.empty(); },
+        "Check whether the map is nonempty");
+
+    cl.def(
+        "__iter__",
+        [](Map &m) { return make_key_iterator(m.begin(), m.end()); },
+        keep_alive<0, 1>() /* Essential: keep map alive while iterator exists */
+    );
+
+    cl.def(
+        "keys",
+        [](Map &m) { return std::unique_ptr<KeysView>(new detail::KeysViewImpl<Map>(m)); },
+        keep_alive<0, 1>() /* Essential: keep map alive while view exists */
+    );
+
+    cl.def(
+        "values",
+        [](Map &m) { return std::unique_ptr<ValuesView>(new detail::ValuesViewImpl<Map>(m)); },
+        keep_alive<0, 1>() /* Essential: keep map alive while view exists */
+    );
+
+    cl.def(
+        "items",
+        [](Map &m) { return std::unique_ptr<ItemsView>(new detail::ItemsViewImpl<Map>(m)); },
+        keep_alive<0, 1>() /* Essential: keep map alive while view exists */
+    );
+
+    cl.def(
+        "__getitem__",
+        [](Map &m, const KeyType &k) -> MappedType & {
+            auto it = m.find(k);
+            if (it == m.end()) {
+                set_error(PyExc_KeyError, detail::format_message_key_error(k));
+                throw error_already_set();
+            }
+            return it->second;
+        },
+        return_value_policy::reference_internal // ref + keepalive
+    );
+
+    cl.def("__contains__", [](Map &m, const KeyType &k) -> bool {
+        auto it = m.find(k);
+        if (it == m.end()) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        return true;
+    });
+    // Fallback for when the object is not of the key type
+    cl.def("__contains__", [](Map &, const object &) -> bool { return false; });
+
+    // Assignment provided only if the type is copyable
+    detail::map_assignment<Map, Class_>(cl);
+
+    cl.def("__delitem__", [](Map &m, const KeyType &k) {
+        auto it = m.find(k);
+        if (it == m.end()) {
+            set_error(PyExc_KeyError, detail::format_message_key_error(k));
+            throw error_already_set();
+        }
+        m.erase(it);
+    });
+
+    // Always use a lambda in case of `using` declaration
+    cl.def("__len__", [](const Map &m) { return m.size(); });
+
+    return cl;
+}
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_END(PYBIND11_NAMESPACE)

deps_src/pybind11/include/pybind11/subinterpreter.h

@@ -0,0 +1,299 @@
+/*
+    pybind11/subinterpreter.h: Support for creating and using subinterpreters
+
+    Copyright (c) 2025 The Pybind Development Team.
+
+    All rights reserved. Use of this source code is governed by a
+    BSD-style license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+*/
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "detail/common.h"
+#include "detail/internals.h"
+#include "gil.h"
+
+#include <stdexcept>
+
+#ifndef PYBIND11_HAS_SUBINTERPRETER_SUPPORT
+#    error "This platform does not support subinterpreters, do not include this file."
+#endif
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_BEGIN(PYBIND11_NAMESPACE)
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_BEGIN(detail)
+inline PyInterpreterState *get_interpreter_state_unchecked() {
+    auto cur_tstate = get_thread_state_unchecked();
+    if (cur_tstate)
+        return cur_tstate->interp;
+    else
+        return nullptr;
+}
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_END(detail)
+
+class subinterpreter;
+
+/// Activate the subinterpreter and acquire its GIL, while also releasing any GIL and interpreter
+/// currently held. Upon exiting the scope, the previous subinterpreter (if any) and its
+/// associated GIL are restored to their state as they were before the scope was entered.
+class subinterpreter_scoped_activate {
+public:
+    explicit subinterpreter_scoped_activate(subinterpreter const &si);
+    ~subinterpreter_scoped_activate();
+
+    subinterpreter_scoped_activate(subinterpreter_scoped_activate &&) = delete;
+    subinterpreter_scoped_activate(subinterpreter_scoped_activate const &) = delete;
+    subinterpreter_scoped_activate &operator=(subinterpreter_scoped_activate &) = delete;
+    subinterpreter_scoped_activate &operator=(subinterpreter_scoped_activate const &) = delete;
+
+private:
+    PyThreadState *old_tstate_ = nullptr;
+    PyThreadState *tstate_ = nullptr;
+    PyGILState_STATE gil_state_;
+    bool simple_gil_ = false;
+};
+
+/// Holds a Python subinterpreter instance
+class subinterpreter {
+public:
+    /// empty/unusable, but move-assignable.  use create() to create a subinterpreter.
+    subinterpreter() = default;
+
+    subinterpreter(subinterpreter const &copy) = delete;
+    subinterpreter &operator=(subinterpreter const &copy) = delete;
+
+    subinterpreter(subinterpreter &&old) noexcept
+        : istate_(old.istate_), creation_tstate_(old.creation_tstate_) {
+        old.istate_ = nullptr;
+        old.creation_tstate_ = nullptr;
+    }
+
+    subinterpreter &operator=(subinterpreter &&old) noexcept {
+        std::swap(old.istate_, istate_);
+        std::swap(old.creation_tstate_, creation_tstate_);
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    /// Create a new subinterpreter with the specified configuration
+    /// @note This function acquires (and then releases) the main interpreter GIL, but the main
+    /// interpreter and its GIL are not required to be held prior to calling this function.
+    static inline subinterpreter create(PyInterpreterConfig const &cfg) {
+
+        error_scope err_scope;
+        subinterpreter result;
+        {
+            // we must hold the main GIL in order to create a subinterpreter
+            subinterpreter_scoped_activate main_guard(main());
+
+            auto prev_tstate = PyThreadState_Get();
+
+            PyStatus status;
+
+            {
+                /*
+                Several internal CPython modules are lacking proper subinterpreter support in 3.12
+                even though it is "stable" in that version.  This most commonly seems to cause
+                crashes when two interpreters concurrently initialize, which imports several things
+                (like builtins, unicode, codecs).
+                */
+#if PY_VERSION_HEX < 0x030D0000 && defined(Py_MOD_PER_INTERPRETER_GIL_SUPPORTED)
+                static std::mutex one_at_a_time;
+                std::lock_guard<std::mutex> guard(one_at_a_time);
+#endif
+                status = Py_NewInterpreterFromConfig(&result.creation_tstate_, &cfg);
+            }
+
+            // this doesn't raise a normal Python exception, it provides an exit() status code.
+            if (PyStatus_Exception(status)) {
+                pybind11_fail("failed to create new sub-interpreter");
+            }
+
+            // upon success, the new interpreter is activated in this thread
+            result.istate_ = result.creation_tstate_->interp;
+            detail::get_num_interpreters_seen() += 1; // there are now many interpreters
+            detail::get_internals(); // initialize internals.tstate, amongst other things...
+
+            // In 3.13+ this state should be deleted right away, and the memory will be reused for
+            // the next threadstate on this interpreter. However, on 3.12 we cannot do that, we
+            // must keep it around (but not use it) ... see destructor.
+#if PY_VERSION_HEX >= 0x030D0000
+            PyThreadState_Clear(result.creation_tstate_);
+            PyThreadState_DeleteCurrent();
+#endif
+
+            // we have to switch back to main, and then the scopes will handle cleanup
+            PyThreadState_Swap(prev_tstate);
+        }
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    /// Calls create() with a default configuration of an isolated interpreter that disallows fork,
+    /// exec, and Python threads.
+    static inline subinterpreter create() {
+        // same as the default config in the python docs
+        PyInterpreterConfig cfg;
+        std::memset(&cfg, 0, sizeof(cfg));
+        cfg.allow_threads = 1;
+        cfg.check_multi_interp_extensions = 1;
+        cfg.gil = PyInterpreterConfig_OWN_GIL;
+        return create(cfg);
+    }
+
+    ~subinterpreter() {
+        if (!creation_tstate_) {
+            // non-owning wrapper, do nothing.
+            return;
+        }
+
+        PyThreadState *destroy_tstate;
+        PyThreadState *old_tstate;
+
+        // Python 3.12 requires us to keep the original PyThreadState alive until we are ready to
+        // destroy the interpreter.  We prefer to use that to destroy the interpreter.
+#if PY_VERSION_HEX < 0x030D0000
+        // The tstate passed to Py_EndInterpreter MUST have been created on the current OS thread.
+        bool same_thread = false;
+#    ifdef PY_HAVE_THREAD_NATIVE_ID
+        same_thread = PyThread_get_thread_native_id() == creation_tstate_->native_thread_id;
+#    endif
+        if (same_thread) {
+            // OK it is safe to use the creation state here
+            destroy_tstate = creation_tstate_;
+            old_tstate = PyThreadState_Swap(destroy_tstate);
+        } else {
+            // We have to make a new tstate on this thread and use that.
+            destroy_tstate = PyThreadState_New(istate_);
+            old_tstate = PyThreadState_Swap(destroy_tstate);
+
+            // We can use the one we just created, so we must delete the creation state.
+            PyThreadState_Clear(creation_tstate_);
+            PyThreadState_Delete(creation_tstate_);
+        }
+#else
+        destroy_tstate = PyThreadState_New(istate_);
+        old_tstate = PyThreadState_Swap(destroy_tstate);
+#endif
+
+        bool switch_back = old_tstate && old_tstate->interp != istate_;
+
+        // Internals always exists in the subinterpreter, this class enforces it when it creates
+        // the subinterpreter. Even if it didn't, this only creates the pointer-to-pointer, not the
+        // internals themselves.
+        detail::get_internals_pp_manager().get_pp();
+        detail::get_local_internals_pp_manager().get_pp();
+
+        // End it
+        Py_EndInterpreter(destroy_tstate);
+
+        // It's possible for the  internals to be created during endinterpreter (e.g. if a
+        // py::capsule calls `get_internals()` during destruction), so we destroy afterward.
+        detail::get_internals_pp_manager().destroy();
+        detail::get_local_internals_pp_manager().destroy();
+
+        // switch back to the old tstate and old GIL (if there was one)
+        if (switch_back)
+            PyThreadState_Swap(old_tstate);
+    }
+
+    /// Get a handle to the main interpreter that can be used with subinterpreter_scoped_activate
+    /// Note that destructing the handle is a noop, the main interpreter can only be ended by
+    /// py::finalize_interpreter()
+    static subinterpreter main() {
+        subinterpreter m;
+        m.istate_ = PyInterpreterState_Main();
+        m.disarm(); // make destruct a noop
+        return m;
+    }
+
+    /// Get a non-owning wrapper of the currently active interpreter (if any)
+    static subinterpreter current() {
+        subinterpreter c;
+        c.istate_ = detail::get_interpreter_state_unchecked();
+        c.disarm(); // make destruct a noop, we don't own this...
+        return c;
+    }
+
+    /// Get the numerical identifier for the sub-interpreter
+    int64_t id() const {
+        if (istate_ != nullptr)
+            return PyInterpreterState_GetID(istate_);
+        else
+            return -1; // CPython uses one-up numbers from 0, so negative should be safe to return
+                       // here.
+    }
+
+    /// Get the interpreter's state dict.  This interpreter's GIL must be held before calling!
+    dict state_dict() { return reinterpret_borrow<dict>(PyInterpreterState_GetDict(istate_)); }
+
+    /// abandon cleanup of this subinterpreter (leak it). this might be needed during
+    /// finalization...
+    void disarm() { creation_tstate_ = nullptr; }
+
+    /// An empty wrapper cannot be activated
+    bool empty() const { return istate_ == nullptr; }
+
+    /// Is this wrapper non-empty
+    explicit operator bool() const { return !empty(); }
+
+private:
+    friend class subinterpreter_scoped_activate;
+    PyInterpreterState *istate_ = nullptr;
+    PyThreadState *creation_tstate_ = nullptr;
+};
+
+class scoped_subinterpreter {
+public:
+    scoped_subinterpreter() : si_(subinterpreter::create()), scope_(si_) {}
+
+    explicit scoped_subinterpreter(PyInterpreterConfig const &cfg)
+        : si_(subinterpreter::create(cfg)), scope_(si_) {}
+
+private:
+    subinterpreter si_;
+    subinterpreter_scoped_activate scope_;
+};
+
+inline subinterpreter_scoped_activate::subinterpreter_scoped_activate(subinterpreter const &si) {
+    if (!si.istate_) {
+        pybind11_fail("null subinterpreter");
+    }
+
+    if (detail::get_interpreter_state_unchecked() == si.istate_) {
+        // we are already on this interpreter, make sure we hold the GIL
+        simple_gil_ = true;
+        gil_state_ = PyGILState_Ensure();
+        return;
+    }
+
+    // we can't really interact with the interpreter at all until we switch to it
+    // not even to, for example, look in its state dict or touch its internals
+    tstate_ = PyThreadState_New(si.istate_);
+
+    // make the interpreter active and acquire the GIL
+    old_tstate_ = PyThreadState_Swap(tstate_);
+
+    // save this in internals for scoped_gil calls
+    detail::get_internals().tstate = tstate_;
+}
+
+inline subinterpreter_scoped_activate::~subinterpreter_scoped_activate() {
+    if (simple_gil_) {
+        // We were on this interpreter already, so just make sure the GIL goes back as it was
+        PyGILState_Release(gil_state_);
+    } else {
+        if (tstate_) {
+#if defined(PYBIND11_DETAILED_ERROR_MESSAGES)
+            if (detail::get_thread_state_unchecked() != tstate_) {
+                pybind11_fail("~subinterpreter_scoped_activate: thread state must be current!");
+            }
+#endif
+            detail::get_internals().tstate.reset();
+            PyThreadState_Clear(tstate_);
+            PyThreadState_DeleteCurrent();
+        }
+
+        // Go back the previous interpreter (if any) and acquire THAT gil
+        PyThreadState_Swap(old_tstate_);
+    }
+}
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_END(PYBIND11_NAMESPACE)

deps_src/pybind11/include/pybind11/trampoline_self_life_support.h

@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2021 The Pybind Development Team.
+// All rights reserved. Use of this source code is governed by a
+// BSD-style license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "detail/common.h"
+#include "detail/using_smart_holder.h"
+#include "detail/value_and_holder.h"
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_BEGIN(PYBIND11_NAMESPACE)
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_BEGIN(detail)
+// PYBIND11:REMINDER: Needs refactoring of existing pybind11 code.
+inline bool deregister_instance(instance *self, void *valptr, const type_info *tinfo);
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_END(detail)
+
+// The original core idea for this struct goes back to PyCLIF:
+// https://github.com/google/clif/blob/07f95d7e69dca2fcf7022978a55ef3acff506c19/clif/python/runtime.cc#L37
+// URL provided here mainly to give proper credit.
+struct trampoline_self_life_support {
+    // NOTE: PYBIND11_INTERNALS_VERSION needs to be bumped if changes are made to this struct.
+    detail::value_and_holder v_h;
+
+    trampoline_self_life_support() = default;
+
+    void activate_life_support(const detail::value_and_holder &v_h_) {
+        Py_INCREF((PyObject *) v_h_.inst);
+        v_h = v_h_;
+    }
+
+    void deactivate_life_support() {
+        Py_DECREF((PyObject *) v_h.inst);
+        v_h = detail::value_and_holder();
+    }
+
+    ~trampoline_self_life_support() {
+        if (v_h.inst != nullptr && v_h.vh != nullptr) {
+            void *value_void_ptr = v_h.value_ptr();
+            if (value_void_ptr != nullptr) {
+                PyGILState_STATE threadstate = PyGILState_Ensure();
+                v_h.value_ptr() = nullptr;
+                v_h.holder<smart_holder>().release_disowned();
+                detail::deregister_instance(v_h.inst, value_void_ptr, v_h.type);
+                Py_DECREF((PyObject *) v_h.inst); // Must be after deregister.
+                PyGILState_Release(threadstate);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    // For the next two, the default implementations generate undefined behavior (ASAN failures
+    // manually verified). The reason is that v_h needs to be kept default-initialized.
+    trampoline_self_life_support(const trampoline_self_life_support &) {}
+    trampoline_self_life_support(trampoline_self_life_support &&) noexcept {}
+
+    // These should never be needed (please provide test cases if you think they are).
+    trampoline_self_life_support &operator=(const trampoline_self_life_support &) = delete;
+    trampoline_self_life_support &operator=(trampoline_self_life_support &&) = delete;
+};
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_BEGIN(detail)
+using get_trampoline_self_life_support_fn = trampoline_self_life_support *(*) (void *);
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_END(detail)
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_END(PYBIND11_NAMESPACE)

deps_src/pybind11/include/pybind11/type_caster_pyobject_ptr.h

@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2023 The pybind Community.
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "detail/common.h"
+#include "detail/descr.h"
+#include "cast.h"
+#include "pytypes.h"
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_BEGIN(PYBIND11_NAMESPACE)
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_BEGIN(detail)
+
+template <>
+class type_caster<PyObject> {
+public:
+    static constexpr auto name = const_name("object"); // See discussion under PR #4601.
+
+    // This overload is purely to guard against accidents.
+    template <typename T,
+              detail::enable_if_t<!is_same_ignoring_cvref<T, PyObject *>::value, int> = 0>
+    static handle cast(T &&, return_value_policy, handle /*parent*/) {
+        static_assert(is_same_ignoring_cvref<T, PyObject *>::value,
+                      "Invalid C++ type T for to-Python conversion (type_caster<PyObject>).");
+        return nullptr; // Unreachable.
+    }
+
+    static handle cast(PyObject *src, return_value_policy policy, handle /*parent*/) {
+        if (src == nullptr) {
+            throw error_already_set();
+        }
+        if (PyErr_Occurred()) {
+            raise_from(PyExc_SystemError, "src != nullptr but PyErr_Occurred()");
+            throw error_already_set();
+        }
+        if (policy == return_value_policy::take_ownership) {
+            return src;
+        }
+        if (policy == return_value_policy::reference
+            || policy == return_value_policy::automatic_reference) {
+            return handle(src).inc_ref();
+        }
+        pybind11_fail("type_caster<PyObject>::cast(): unsupported return_value_policy: "
+                      + std::to_string(static_cast<int>(policy)));
+    }
+
+    bool load(handle src, bool) {
+        value = reinterpret_borrow<object>(src);
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    template <typename T>
+    using cast_op_type = PyObject *;
+
+    explicit operator PyObject *() { return value.ptr(); }
+
+private:
+    object value;
+};
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_END(detail)
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_END(PYBIND11_NAMESPACE)

deps_src/pybind11/include/pybind11/typing.h

@@ -0,0 +1,298 @@
+/*
+    pybind11/typing.h: Convenience wrapper classes for basic Python types
+    with more explicit annotations.
+
+    Copyright (c) 2023 Dustin Spicuzza <dustin@virtualroadside.com>
+
+    All rights reserved. Use of this source code is governed by a
+    BSD-style license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+*/
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "detail/common.h"
+#include "cast.h"
+#include "pytypes.h"
+
+#include <algorithm>
+
+#if defined(__cpp_nontype_template_args) && __cpp_nontype_template_args >= 201911L
+#    define PYBIND11_TYPING_H_HAS_STRING_LITERAL
+#    include <numeric>
+#    include <ranges>
+#    include <string_view>
+#endif
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_BEGIN(PYBIND11_NAMESPACE)
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_BEGIN(typing)
+
+/*
+    The following types can be used to direct pybind11-generated docstrings
+    to have have more explicit types (e.g., `list[str]` instead of `list`).
+    Just use these in place of existing types.
+
+    There is no additional enforcement of types at runtime.
+*/
+
+template <typename... Types>
+class Tuple : public tuple {
+    using tuple::tuple;
+};
+
+template <typename K, typename V>
+class Dict : public dict {
+    using dict::dict;
+};
+
+template <typename T>
+class List : public list {
+    using list::list;
+};
+
+template <typename T>
+class Set : public set {
+    using set::set;
+};
+
+template <typename T>
+class Iterable : public iterable {
+    using iterable::iterable;
+};
+
+template <typename T>
+class Iterator : public iterator {
+    using iterator::iterator;
+};
+
+template <typename Signature>
+class Callable;
+
+template <typename Return, typename... Args>
+class Callable<Return(Args...)> : public function {
+    using function::function;
+};
+
+template <typename T>
+class Type : public type {
+    using type::type;
+};
+
+template <typename... Types>
+class Union : public object {
+    PYBIND11_OBJECT_DEFAULT(Union, object, PyObject_Type)
+    using object::object;
+};
+
+template <typename T>
+class Optional : public object {
+    PYBIND11_OBJECT_DEFAULT(Optional, object, PyObject_Type)
+    using object::object;
+};
+
+template <typename T>
+class Final : public object {
+    PYBIND11_OBJECT_DEFAULT(Final, object, PyObject_Type)
+    using object::object;
+};
+
+template <typename T>
+class ClassVar : public object {
+    PYBIND11_OBJECT_DEFAULT(ClassVar, object, PyObject_Type)
+    using object::object;
+};
+
+template <typename T>
+class TypeGuard : public bool_ {
+    using bool_::bool_;
+};
+
+template <typename T>
+class TypeIs : public bool_ {
+    using bool_::bool_;
+};
+
+class NoReturn : public none {
+    using none::none;
+};
+
+class Never : public none {
+    using none::none;
+};
+
+#if defined(PYBIND11_TYPING_H_HAS_STRING_LITERAL)
+template <size_t N>
+struct StringLiteral {
+    constexpr StringLiteral(const char (&str)[N]) { std::copy_n(str, N, name); }
+    char name[N];
+};
+
+template <StringLiteral... StrLits>
+class Literal : public object {
+    PYBIND11_OBJECT_DEFAULT(Literal, object, PyObject_Type)
+};
+
+// Example syntax for creating a TypeVar.
+// typedef typing::TypeVar<"T"> TypeVarT;
+template <StringLiteral>
+class TypeVar : public object {
+    PYBIND11_OBJECT_DEFAULT(TypeVar, object, PyObject_Type)
+    using object::object;
+};
+#endif
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_END(typing)
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_BEGIN(detail)
+
+template <typename... Types>
+struct handle_type_name<typing::Tuple<Types...>> {
+    static constexpr auto name = const_name("tuple[")
+                                 + ::pybind11::detail::concat(make_caster<Types>::name...)
+                                 + const_name("]");
+};
+
+template <>
+struct handle_type_name<typing::Tuple<>> {
+    // PEP 484 specifies this syntax for an empty tuple
+    static constexpr auto name = const_name("tuple[()]");
+};
+
+template <typename T>
+struct handle_type_name<typing::Tuple<T, ellipsis>> {
+    // PEP 484 specifies this syntax for a variable-length tuple
+    static constexpr auto name
+        = const_name("tuple[") + make_caster<T>::name + const_name(", ...]");
+};
+
+template <typename K, typename V>
+struct handle_type_name<typing::Dict<K, V>> {
+    static constexpr auto name = const_name("dict[") + make_caster<K>::name + const_name(", ")
+                                 + make_caster<V>::name + const_name("]");
+};
+
+template <typename T>
+struct handle_type_name<typing::List<T>> {
+    static constexpr auto name = const_name("list[") + make_caster<T>::name + const_name("]");
+};
+
+template <typename T>
+struct handle_type_name<typing::Set<T>> {
+    static constexpr auto name = const_name("set[") + make_caster<T>::name + const_name("]");
+};
+
+template <typename T>
+struct handle_type_name<typing::Iterable<T>> {
+    static constexpr auto name
+        = const_name("collections.abc.Iterable[") + make_caster<T>::name + const_name("]");
+};
+
+template <typename T>
+struct handle_type_name<typing::Iterator<T>> {
+    static constexpr auto name
+        = const_name("collections.abc.Iterator[") + make_caster<T>::name + const_name("]");
+};
+
+template <typename Return, typename... Args>
+struct handle_type_name<typing::Callable<Return(Args...)>> {
+    using retval_type = conditional_t<std::is_same<Return, void>::value, void_type, Return>;
+    static constexpr auto name
+        = const_name("collections.abc.Callable[[")
+          + ::pybind11::detail::concat(::pybind11::detail::arg_descr(make_caster<Args>::name)...)
+          + const_name("], ") + ::pybind11::detail::return_descr(make_caster<retval_type>::name)
+          + const_name("]");
+};
+
+template <typename Return>
+struct handle_type_name<typing::Callable<Return(ellipsis)>> {
+    // PEP 484 specifies this syntax for defining only return types of callables
+    using retval_type = conditional_t<std::is_same<Return, void>::value, void_type, Return>;
+    static constexpr auto name = const_name("collections.abc.Callable[..., ")
+                                 + ::pybind11::detail::return_descr(make_caster<retval_type>::name)
+                                 + const_name("]");
+};
+
+template <typename T>
+struct handle_type_name<typing::Type<T>> {
+    static constexpr auto name = const_name("type[") + make_caster<T>::name + const_name("]");
+};
+
+template <typename... Types>
+struct handle_type_name<typing::Union<Types...>> {
+    static constexpr auto name = ::pybind11::detail::union_concat(make_caster<Types>::name...);
+};
+
+template <typename T>
+struct handle_type_name<typing::Optional<T>> {
+    static constexpr auto name = make_caster<T>::name | make_caster<none>::name;
+};
+
+template <typename T>
+struct handle_type_name<typing::Final<T>> {
+    static constexpr auto name = const_name("typing.Final[")
+                                 + ::pybind11::detail::return_descr(make_caster<T>::name)
+                                 + const_name("]");
+};
+
+template <typename T>
+struct handle_type_name<typing::ClassVar<T>> {
+    static constexpr auto name
+        = const_name("typing.ClassVar[") + make_caster<T>::name + const_name("]");
+};
+
+template <typename T>
+struct handle_type_name<typing::TypeGuard<T>> {
+    static constexpr auto name = const_name(PYBIND11_TYPE_GUARD_TYPE_HINT) + const_name("[")
+                                 + make_caster<T>::name + const_name("]");
+};
+
+template <typename T>
+struct handle_type_name<typing::TypeIs<T>> {
+    static constexpr auto name = const_name(PYBIND11_TYPE_IS_TYPE_HINT) + const_name("[")
+                                 + make_caster<T>::name + const_name("]");
+};
+
+template <>
+struct handle_type_name<typing::NoReturn> {
+    static constexpr auto name = const_name("typing.NoReturn");
+};
+
+template <>
+struct handle_type_name<typing::Never> {
+    static constexpr auto name = const_name(PYBIND11_NEVER_TYPE_HINT);
+};
+
+#if defined(PYBIND11_TYPING_H_HAS_STRING_LITERAL)
+template <typing::StringLiteral StrLit>
+consteval auto sanitize_string_literal() {
+    constexpr std::string_view v(StrLit.name);
+    constexpr std::string_view special_chars("!@%{}-");
+    constexpr auto num_special_chars = std::accumulate(
+        special_chars.begin(), special_chars.end(), (size_t) 0, [&v](auto acc, const char &c) {
+            return std::move(acc) + std::ranges::count(v, c);
+        });
+    char result[v.size() + num_special_chars + 1];
+    size_t i = 0;
+    for (auto c : StrLit.name) {
+        if (special_chars.find(c) != std::string_view::npos) {
+            result[i++] = '!';
+        }
+        result[i++] = c;
+    }
+    return typing::StringLiteral(result);
+}
+
+template <typing::StringLiteral... Literals>
+struct handle_type_name<typing::Literal<Literals...>> {
+    static constexpr auto name
+        = const_name("typing.Literal[")
+          + pybind11::detail::concat(const_name(sanitize_string_literal<Literals>().name)...)
+          + const_name("]");
+};
+template <typing::StringLiteral StrLit>
+struct handle_type_name<typing::TypeVar<StrLit>> {
+    static constexpr auto name = const_name(sanitize_string_literal<StrLit>().name);
+};
+#endif
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_END(detail)
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_END(PYBIND11_NAMESPACE)

deps_src/pybind11/include/pybind11/warnings.h

@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+/*
+    pybind11/warnings.h: Python warnings wrappers.
+
+    Copyright (c) 2024 Jan Iwaszkiewicz <jiwaszkiewicz6@gmail.com>
+
+    All rights reserved. Use of this source code is governed by a
+    BSD-style license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+*/
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "pybind11.h"
+#include "detail/common.h"
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_BEGIN(PYBIND11_NAMESPACE)
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_BEGIN(detail)
+
+inline bool PyWarning_Check(PyObject *obj) {
+    int result = PyObject_IsSubclass(obj, PyExc_Warning);
+    if (result == 1) {
+        return true;
+    }
+    if (result == -1) {
+        raise_from(PyExc_SystemError,
+                   "pybind11::detail::PyWarning_Check(): PyObject_IsSubclass() call failed.");
+        throw error_already_set();
+    }
+    return false;
+}
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_END(detail)
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_BEGIN(warnings)
+
+inline object
+new_warning_type(handle scope, const char *name, handle base = PyExc_RuntimeWarning) {
+    if (!detail::PyWarning_Check(base.ptr())) {
+        pybind11_fail("pybind11::warnings::new_warning_type(): cannot create custom warning, base "
+                      "must be a subclass of "
+                      "PyExc_Warning!");
+    }
+    if (hasattr(scope, name)) {
+        pybind11_fail("pybind11::warnings::new_warning_type(): an attribute with name \""
+                      + std::string(name) + "\" exists already.");
+    }
+    std::string full_name = scope.attr("__name__").cast<std::string>() + std::string(".") + name;
+    handle h(PyErr_NewException(full_name.c_str(), base.ptr(), nullptr));
+    if (!h) {
+        raise_from(PyExc_SystemError,
+                   "pybind11::warnings::new_warning_type(): PyErr_NewException() call failed.");
+        throw error_already_set();
+    }
+    auto obj = reinterpret_steal<object>(h);
+    scope.attr(name) = obj;
+    return obj;
+}
+
+// Similar to Python `warnings.warn()`
+inline void
+warn(const char *message, handle category = PyExc_RuntimeWarning, int stack_level = 2) {
+    if (!detail::PyWarning_Check(category.ptr())) {
+        pybind11_fail(
+            "pybind11::warnings::warn(): cannot raise warning, category must be a subclass of "
+            "PyExc_Warning!");
+    }
+
+    if (PyErr_WarnEx(category.ptr(), message, stack_level) == -1) {
+        throw error_already_set();
+    }
+}
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_END(warnings)
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_END(PYBIND11_NAMESPACE)

resources/images/dev_hms_diag_loading.svg

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+<svg width="117" height="88" viewBox="0 0 117 88" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
+<g clip-path="url(#clip0_dev_hms_diag_loading)">
+<ellipse cx="58.5" cy="48.2667" rx="32.175" ry="32.2667" fill="#F2F2F2" stroke="#DBDBDB"/>
+<rect x="35.175" y="24.8662" width="46.65" height="46.8" rx="5" fill="#F7F7F7" stroke="#EBEBEB" stroke-width="6"/>
+<path d="M43.875 57.0665L52.4779 46.7998L62.1562 57.0665H43.875Z" fill="#DBDBDB"/>
+<path d="M51.1875 57.0671L62.8875 42.4004L76.05 57.0671H51.1875Z" fill="#EBEBEB"/>
+<ellipse cx="49.3595" cy="39.0998" rx="3.29063" ry="3.3" fill="#DBDBDB"/>
+<rect x="32.175" y="21.8662" width="52.65" height="52.8" rx="8" stroke="#DBDBDB"/>
+<ellipse cx="17.55" cy="68.7995" rx="3.65625" ry="3.66667" fill="#EBEBEB"/>
+<ellipse cx="24.1313" cy="28.4666" rx="2.19375" ry="2.2" fill="#EBEBEB"/>
+<ellipse cx="100.912" cy="35.0662" rx="2.19375" ry="2.2" fill="#EBEBEB"/>
+</g>
+<defs>
+<clipPath id="clip0_dev_hms_diag_loading">
+<rect width="117" height="88" fill="white"/>
+</clipPath>
+</defs>
+</svg>

resources/images/folder-closed-active.svg

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+<svg width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
+<path d="M7.88802 4.48958C8.16145 4.76302 8.53124 4.91667 8.91927 4.91667H13C13.2292 4.91667 13.4167 5.10417 13.4167 5.33333V6.16667H2.58333V3.66667C2.58333 3.4375 2.77083 3.25 2.99999 3.25H6.47656C6.58593 3.25 6.6927 3.29427 6.77083 3.3724L7.88802 4.48958ZM2.58333 7.41667H13.4167V12C13.4167 12.2292 13.2292 12.4167 13 12.4167H2.99999C2.77083 12.4167 2.58333 12.2292 2.58333 12V7.41667ZM8.77343 3.60677L7.65364 2.48698C7.34114 2.17448 6.91666 2 6.47395 2H2.99999C2.08072 2 1.33333 2.7474 1.33333 3.66667V12C1.33333 12.9193 2.08072 13.6667 2.99999 13.6667H13C13.9193 13.6667 14.6667 12.9193 14.6667 12V5.33333C14.6667 4.41406 13.9193 3.66667 13 3.66667H8.91927C8.86458 3.66667 8.80989 3.64583 8.77083 3.60677H8.77343Z" fill="#009688"/>
+</svg>

resources/images/folder-closed-hover.svg

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+<svg width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
+<path d="M7.88802 4.48958C8.16145 4.76302 8.53124 4.91667 8.91927 4.91667H13C13.2292 4.91667 13.4167 5.10417 13.4167 5.33333V6.16667H2.58333V3.66667C2.58333 3.4375 2.77083 3.25 2.99999 3.25H6.47656C6.58593 3.25 6.6927 3.29427 6.77083 3.3724L7.88802 4.48958ZM2.58333 7.41667H13.4167V12C13.4167 12.2292 13.2292 12.4167 13 12.4167H2.99999C2.77083 12.4167 2.58333 12.2292 2.58333 12V7.41667ZM8.77343 3.60677L7.65364 2.48698C7.34114 2.17448 6.91666 2 6.47395 2H2.99999C2.08072 2 1.33333 2.7474 1.33333 3.66667V12C1.33333 12.9193 2.08072 13.6667 2.99999 13.6667H13C13.9193 13.6667 14.6667 12.9193 14.6667 12V5.33333C14.6667 4.41406 13.9193 3.66667 13 3.66667H8.91927C8.86458 3.66667 8.80989 3.64583 8.77083 3.60677H8.77343Z" fill="#6B6B6B"/>
+</svg>

resources/images/folder-closed.svg

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+<svg width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
+<path d="M7.88802 4.48958C8.16145 4.76302 8.53124 4.91667 8.91927 4.91667H13C13.2292 4.91667 13.4167 5.10417 13.4167 5.33333V6.16667H2.58333V3.66667C2.58333 3.4375 2.77083 3.25 2.99999 3.25H6.47656C6.58593 3.25 6.6927 3.29427 6.77083 3.3724L7.88802 4.48958ZM2.58333 7.41667H13.4167V12C13.4167 12.2292 13.2292 12.4167 13 12.4167H2.99999C2.77083 12.4167 2.58333 12.2292 2.58333 12V7.41667ZM8.77343 3.60677L7.65364 2.48698C7.34114 2.17448 6.91666 2 6.47395 2H2.99999C2.08072 2 1.33333 2.7474 1.33333 3.66667V12C1.33333 12.9193 2.08072 13.6667 2.99999 13.6667H13C13.9193 13.6667 14.6667 12.9193 14.6667 12V5.33333C14.6667 4.41406 13.9193 3.66667 13 3.66667H8.91927C8.86458 3.66667 8.80989 3.64583 8.77083 3.60677H8.77343Z" fill="#262E30"/>
+</svg>

resources/images/param_add.svg

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+<svg width="25" height="25" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="none">
+
+ <g>
+  <title>Layer 1</title>
+  <path id="svg_1" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-width="2" stroke="#262E30" d="m1,12.5l23,0"/>
+  <path id="svg_2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-width="2" stroke="#262E30" d="m12.5,24l0,-23"/>
+ </g>
+</svg>

resources/printers/O1D.json

@@ -75,7 +75,8 @@
 			"support_extrusion_cali": false,
 			"support_user_preset": false,
 			"support_refresh_nozzle": true,
-			"support_ams_ext_mix_print": true
+			"support_ams_ext_mix_print": true,
+			"support_print_check_firmware_for_tpu_left": true
 		},
 		"model_id": "O1D",
 		"support_wrapping_detection": true,

resources/printers/O1E.json

@@ -75,7 +75,8 @@
 			"support_extrusion_cali": false,
 			"support_user_preset": false,
 			"support_refresh_nozzle": true,
-			"support_ams_ext_mix_print": true
+			"support_ams_ext_mix_print": true,
+			"support_print_check_firmware_for_tpu_left": true
 		},
 		"model_id": "O1E",
 		"auto_pa_cali_thumbnail_image": "fd_calibration_auto_multi_extruders",

resources/web/dialog/ExportPresetDialog/index.html

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 <link rel="stylesheet" href="./styles.css" />
   <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../../include/global.css" />	<!-- ORCA One for all-->
     <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../css/common.css" />	
-    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../css/dark.css" />	
+    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../css/theme.css" />
     <script type="text/javascript" src="../js/jquery-3.6.0.min.js"></script>
     <script type="text/javascript" src="../js/json2.js"></script>	
     <script type="text/javascript" src="../../data/text.js"></script>	

resources/web/dialog/ExportPresetDialog/styles.css

@@ -1,23 +1,11 @@
 :root {
-    --cbr-border-color: #d2d2d7;
-    --cbr-header-bg: #f6f7f9;
-    --cbr-panel-bg: #ffffff;
-    --cbr-input-bg: #ffffff;
-    --cbr-input-focus-bg: #f2f8f7;
-    --cbr-label-color: #7b7b84;
-    --cbr-icon-color: #75757f;
-}
-
-@media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {
-    :root {
-        --cbr-border-color: #4a4a51;
-        --cbr-header-bg: #2f2f34;
-        --cbr-panel-bg: #2d2d31;
-        --cbr-input-bg: #2d2d31;
-        --cbr-input-focus-bg: #3b3b41;
-        --cbr-label-color: #b9b9bc;
-        --cbr-icon-color: #b9b9bc;
-    }
+    --cbr-border-color: var(--border);
+    --cbr-header-bg: var(--panel);
+    --cbr-panel-bg: var(--bg);
+    --cbr-input-bg: var(--bg);
+    --cbr-input-focus-bg: var(--row-hover);
+    --cbr-label-color: var(--muted);
+    --cbr-icon-color: var(--muted);
 }
 
 .cbr-browser-container {

resources/web/dialog/PluginWebDialog/blank.html

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<!-- Bootstrap page for PluginWebDialog. The real plugin HTML is loaded via
+     wxWebView::SetPage once this page finishes loading; this file only exists
+     to bring the webview up. -->
+<html>
+<head><meta charset="utf-8"><title></title></head>
+<body style="margin:0;background:transparent;"></body>
+</html>

resources/web/dialog/PluginsConfigDialog/index.html

@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html lang="en">
+<head>
+  <meta charset="utf-8">
+  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
+  <title>Plugin configuration</title>
+  <link rel="stylesheet" href="styles.css">
+  <!-- The shared dialog sheets, theme.css last so its host-injected variables win. -->
+  <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../../include/global.css">
+  <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../css/common.css">
+  <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../css/theme.css">
+</head>
+<body>
+  <main class="page">
+    <header class="page-header">
+      <h1 id="pagePresetName" class="page-title"></h1>
+    </header>
+
+    <div id="configEmpty" class="detail-empty">This preset does not use any plugin capabilities</div>
+
+    <div id="configLayout" class="config-layout" hidden>
+      <div id="configSidebar" class="config-sidebar thin-scroll" role="listbox"
+        aria-label="Capabilities used by this preset"></div>
+      <div class="config-view">
+        <div id="configError" class="config-error" role="status" aria-live="polite" hidden></div>
+        <div id="configEditor" class="config-editor" hidden>
+          <textarea id="configText" class="config-textarea thin-scroll" spellcheck="false"
+            autocomplete="off" autocapitalize="off" aria-label="Capability configuration (JSON)"></textarea>
+        </div>
+        <!-- Custom capability UI. Sandboxed without allow-same-origin, so the plugin's HTML runs in
+             an opaque origin and reaches the host only through the injected window.orca bridge. -->
+        <iframe id="configCustom" class="config-custom" title="Plugin configuration"
+          sandbox="allow-scripts" referrerpolicy="no-referrer" hidden></iframe>
+        <div id="configFooter" class="config-view-footer" hidden>
+          <span id="configValidation" class="config-validation" role="status" aria-live="polite"></span>
+          <div class="config-actions">
+            <button id="configRestoreBtn" class="ButtonStyleRegular ButtonTypeChoice" type="button"
+              title="Discard this preset's override and use the global configuration again">
+              Restore defaults
+            </button>
+            <button id="configSaveBtn" class="ButtonStyleConfirm ButtonTypeChoice" type="button">Save</button>
+          </div>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+    </div>
+
+    <footer id="statusBar" class="status-bar is-empty">
+      <span id="statusText" class="status-text"></span>
+    </footer>
+  </main>
+  <script src="index.js"></script>
+</body>
+</html>

resources/web/dialog/PluginsConfigDialog/index.js

@@ -0,0 +1,437 @@
+// Capability rows the active preset uses, as PluginConfig::capabilities_payload emits them:
+// {plugin_key, name, type, type_key, has_config_ui}.
+let capabilities = [];
+
+// The selected row's identity; plugin_key is part of it because this list spans plugins.
+let selectedPluginKey = "";
+let selectedCapabilityName = "";
+let selectedCapabilityType = "";
+let selectedHasPresetOverride = false;
+let selectedReadOnly = false;
+
+function SafeJsonParse(text) {
+  try {
+    return JSON.parse(text);
+  } catch (err) {
+    return null;
+  }
+}
+
+function SendWXMessage(message) {
+  if (window.wx && typeof window.wx.postMessage === "function")
+    window.wx.postMessage(message);
+}
+
+function SendMessage(command, payload = {}) {
+  const message = {
+    sequence_id: Math.round(Date.now() / 1000),
+    command: command
+  };
+  Object.keys(payload).forEach((key) => {
+    message[key] = payload[key];
+  });
+  SendWXMessage(JSON.stringify(message));
+}
+
+function HandleStudio(value) {
+  const payload = (typeof value === "string") ? SafeJsonParse(value) : value;
+  if (!payload || typeof payload !== "object")
+    return;
+
+  if (payload.command === "list_capabilities") {
+    ApplyCapabilities(payload);
+  } else if (payload.command === "status_message") {
+    ShowStatusMessage(String(payload.message || ""), String(payload.level || "info"));
+  } else if (payload.command === "capability_config") {
+    ApplyCapabilityConfig(payload);
+  } else if (payload.command === "capability_config_saved") {
+    ApplyCapabilityConfigSaved(payload);
+  }
+}
+
+function ShowStatusMessage(message, level) {
+  const bar = document.getElementById("statusBar");
+  const text = document.getElementById("statusText");
+  if (!bar || !text)
+    return;
+
+  const normalizedLevel = ["success", "warn", "error", "info"].includes(level) ? level : "info";
+  text.textContent = message;
+  text.title = message;
+  bar.classList.remove("is-empty", "level-success", "level-warn", "level-error", "level-info");
+  bar.classList.add(`level-${normalizedLevel}`);
+}
+
+function ApplyCapabilities(payload) {
+  capabilities = Array.isArray(payload.data) ? payload.data : [];
+
+  const presetName = document.getElementById("pagePresetName");
+  if (presetName)
+    presetName.textContent = String(payload.preset_name || "");
+
+  RenderCapabilities();
+}
+
+function IsSameCapability(capability) {
+  return String(capability.plugin_key || "") === selectedPluginKey
+    && String(capability.name || "") === selectedCapabilityName
+    && String(capability.type_key || "") === selectedCapabilityType;
+}
+
+function RenderCapabilities() {
+  const empty = document.getElementById("configEmpty");
+  const layout = document.getElementById("configLayout");
+  const sidebar = document.getElementById("configSidebar");
+  if (!empty || !layout || !sidebar)
+    return;
+
+  if (capabilities.length === 0) {
+    empty.hidden = false;
+    layout.hidden = true;
+    sidebar.replaceChildren();
+    ClearCapabilityConfigView();
+    selectedPluginKey = "";
+    selectedCapabilityName = "";
+    selectedCapabilityType = "";
+    return;
+  }
+
+  empty.hidden = true;
+  layout.hidden = false;
+
+  // Keep the selection across a refresh if the capability is still there, else select the first.
+  if (!capabilities.some(IsSameCapability)) {
+    selectedPluginKey = String(capabilities[0].plugin_key || "");
+    selectedCapabilityName = String(capabilities[0].name || "");
+    selectedCapabilityType = String(capabilities[0].type_key || "");
+    ClearCapabilityConfigView();
+    RequestCapabilityConfig();
+  }
+
+  sidebar.replaceChildren();
+  for (const capability of capabilities) {
+    const item = document.createElement("button");
+    item.type = "button";
+    item.className = "config-cap";
+    item.dataset.pluginKey = String(capability.plugin_key || "");
+    item.dataset.capabilityName = String(capability.name || "");
+    item.dataset.capabilityType = String(capability.type_key || "");
+    item.setAttribute("role", "option");
+
+    const isSelected = IsSameCapability(capability);
+    item.classList.toggle("selected", isSelected);
+    item.setAttribute("aria-selected", isSelected ? "true" : "false");
+
+    const label = document.createElement("span");
+    label.className = "config-cap-name";
+    label.textContent = String(capability.name || "");
+    item.appendChild(label);
+
+    const type = document.createElement("span");
+    type.className = "config-cap-type";
+    type.textContent = String(capability.type || "");
+    item.appendChild(type);
+
+    sidebar.appendChild(item);
+  }
+}
+
+function OnConfigSidebarClick(event) {
+  const item = event.target.closest(".config-cap");
+  if (!item)
+    return;
+
+  const pluginKey = String(item.dataset.pluginKey || "");
+  const name = String(item.dataset.capabilityName || "");
+  const typeKey = String(item.dataset.capabilityType || "");
+  if (!name || (pluginKey === selectedPluginKey && name === selectedCapabilityName && typeKey === selectedCapabilityType))
+    return;
+
+  selectedPluginKey = pluginKey;
+  selectedCapabilityName = name;
+  selectedCapabilityType = typeKey;
+
+  // The native reply is async: clear now so the old config cannot appear under the new selection.
+  ClearCapabilityConfigView();
+  RequestCapabilityConfig();
+  RenderCapabilities();
+}
+
+// Config editor: the host's JSON editor, or the capability's own HTML UI in a sandboxed frame.
+// Both edit the same stored config; the page renders what the native side sends.
+
+// Replies are async: apply one only if it still matches the selected row (plugin_key included,
+// since this list spans plugins), so a stale reply never lands under another capability.
+function IsCurrentCapability(payload) {
+  return String(payload?.plugin_key || "") === selectedPluginKey
+    && String(payload?.capability_name || "") === selectedCapabilityName
+    && String(payload?.capability_type || "") === selectedCapabilityType;
+}
+
+function RequestCapabilityConfig() {
+  if (!selectedPluginKey || !selectedCapabilityName)
+    return;
+
+  SendMessage("get_capability_config", {
+    plugin_key: selectedPluginKey,
+    capability_name: selectedCapabilityName,
+    capability_type: selectedCapabilityType
+  });
+}
+
+// Empties both editors and the footer, so nothing from the previous capability lingers while the
+// next one is in flight.
+function ClearCapabilityConfigView() {
+  const editor = document.getElementById("configEditor");
+  const custom = document.getElementById("configCustom");
+  const text = document.getElementById("configText");
+  const error = document.getElementById("configError");
+  const footer = document.getElementById("configFooter");
+
+  if (editor)
+    editor.hidden = true;
+  if (custom) {
+    custom.hidden = true;
+    custom.removeAttribute("srcdoc");
+  }
+  if (text)
+    text.value = "";
+  if (error) {
+    error.hidden = true;
+    error.textContent = "";
+  }
+  if (footer)
+    footer.hidden = true;
+  selectedHasPresetOverride = false;
+  selectedReadOnly = false;
+  SetConfigValidation("");
+}
+
+// A read-only capability cannot be saved, and there is nothing to restore until the preset overrides
+// the global configuration.
+function UpdateConfigActions(payload) {
+  selectedHasPresetOverride = payload?.has_preset_override === true;
+  selectedReadOnly = payload?.read_only === true;
+
+  const save = document.getElementById("configSaveBtn");
+  const restore = document.getElementById("configRestoreBtn");
+  if (save)
+    save.disabled = selectedReadOnly;
+  if (restore)
+    restore.disabled = selectedReadOnly || !selectedHasPresetOverride;
+}
+
+function ApplyCapabilityConfig(payload) {
+  if (!IsCurrentCapability(payload))
+    return;
+
+  const editor = document.getElementById("configEditor");
+  const custom = document.getElementById("configCustom");
+  const text = document.getElementById("configText");
+  const error = document.getElementById("configError");
+
+  const message = String(payload?.error || "");
+  if (error) {
+    error.textContent = message;
+    error.hidden = message === "";
+  }
+
+  const config = payload && Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(payload, "config") ? payload.config : {};
+  const html = String(payload?.custom_html || "");
+  UpdateConfigActions(payload);
+
+  // The footer belongs to the JSON editor. A custom UI owns its whole surface, including whatever
+  // save/restore controls it wants, and reaches the host through the window.orca bridge.
+  const footer = document.getElementById("configFooter");
+  if (footer)
+    footer.hidden = html !== "";
+
+  if (html) {
+    if (custom) {
+      custom.hidden = false;
+      custom.srcdoc = BuildCustomConfigDocument(html, config);
+    }
+    if (editor)
+      editor.hidden = true;
+    return;
+  }
+
+  // Default editor: any reason a custom UI is unavailable already arrived in payload.error.
+  if (custom) {
+    custom.hidden = true;
+    custom.removeAttribute("srcdoc");
+  }
+  if (editor)
+    editor.hidden = false;
+  if (text)
+    text.value = JSON.stringify(config, null, 2);
+  SetConfigValidation("");
+}
+
+function SetConfigValidation(message) {
+  const node = document.getElementById("configValidation");
+  const save = document.getElementById("configSaveBtn");
+  if (node) {
+    node.textContent = message;
+    node.classList.toggle("invalid", message !== "");
+  }
+  // Invalid JSON is never saved: Save is the only way to persist. The native side re-validates.
+  if (save)
+    save.disabled = selectedReadOnly || message !== "";
+}
+
+function ValidateConfigText() {
+  const text = document.getElementById("configText");
+  if (!text)
+    return false;
+
+  try {
+    JSON.parse(text.value);
+    SetConfigValidation("");
+    return true;
+  } catch (err) {
+    SetConfigValidation(String(err?.message || "Invalid JSON"));
+    return false;
+  }
+}
+
+function SaveCapabilityConfig() {
+  if (!selectedPluginKey || !selectedCapabilityName)
+    return;
+
+  const text = document.getElementById("configText");
+  if (!text)
+    return;
+
+  if (!ValidateConfigText())
+    return;
+
+  // Sent as text on purpose: the native side is the authority on validity and parses it itself.
+  SendMessage("save_capability_config", {
+    plugin_key: selectedPluginKey,
+    capability_name: selectedCapabilityName,
+    capability_type: selectedCapabilityType,
+    config: text.value
+  });
+}
+
+// "Restore defaults" here drops the preset's override, so the capability falls back to the global
+// configuration. The native side confirms, then re-sends the config that is now effective.
+function RestoreCapabilityConfig() {
+  if (!selectedPluginKey || !selectedCapabilityName || !selectedHasPresetOverride)
+    return;
+
+  SendMessage("remove_preset_override", {
+    plugin_key: selectedPluginKey,
+    capability_name: selectedCapabilityName,
+    capability_type: selectedCapabilityType
+  });
+}
+
+function ApplyCapabilityConfigSaved(payload) {
+  if (!IsCurrentCapability(payload))
+    return;
+
+  const error = document.getElementById("configError");
+  const message = String(payload?.error || "");
+  if (error) {
+    error.textContent = message;
+    error.hidden = message === "";
+  }
+  if (payload?.ok !== true)
+    return;
+
+  // Reload from what was persisted, not from what was typed.
+  const config = payload && Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(payload, "config") ? payload.config : {};
+  const custom = document.getElementById("configCustom");
+  const text = document.getElementById("configText");
+
+  if (custom && !custom.hidden && custom.contentWindow)
+    custom.contentWindow.postMessage({ __orca: "config", config: config }, "*");
+  else if (text)
+    text.value = JSON.stringify(config, null, 2);
+
+  SetConfigValidation("");
+}
+
+// The whole host surface a custom config UI gets: read the config, save one, drop the preset's
+// override, and be told when either lands. The frame is sandboxed into an opaque origin, so this
+// bridge is its only channel.
+function BuildCustomConfigDocument(html, config) {
+  // Inlined into a <script>: a stored "</script>" would close the tag early, so escape "<" — the
+  // literal stays valid JSON.
+  const seed = JSON.stringify(config).replace(/</g, "\\u003c");
+  const bridge = `<script>
+(function () {
+  var handlers = [];
+  var current = ${seed};
+  window.orca = {
+    getConfig: function () { return current; },
+    saveConfig: function (cfg) { parent.postMessage({ __orca: "save", config: cfg }, "*"); },
+    restoreDefaults: function () { parent.postMessage({ __orca: "restore" }, "*"); },
+    onConfig: function (cb) {
+      if (typeof cb !== "function") return;
+      handlers.push(cb);
+      try { cb(current); } catch (e) {}
+    }
+  };
+  window.addEventListener("message", function (event) {
+    if (!event.data || event.data.__orca !== "config") return;
+    current = event.data.config || {};
+    handlers.forEach(function (handler) {
+      try { handler(current); } catch (e) {}
+    });
+  });
+})();
+<\/script>`;
+  return bridge + html;
+}
+
+function OnCustomConfigMessage(event) {
+  const custom = document.getElementById("configCustom");
+  // Only the frame we created, and only while it is actually showing.
+  if (!custom || custom.hidden || !custom.contentWindow || event.source !== custom.contentWindow)
+    return;
+
+  const data = event.data;
+  if (!data || !selectedPluginKey || !selectedCapabilityName)
+    return;
+
+  if (data.__orca === "save") {
+    SendMessage("save_capability_config", {
+      plugin_key: selectedPluginKey,
+      capability_name: selectedCapabilityName,
+      capability_type: selectedCapabilityType,
+      config: data.config === undefined ? {} : data.config
+    });
+    return;
+  }
+
+  if (data.__orca === "restore")
+    RestoreCapabilityConfig();
+}
+
+document.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded", () => {
+  const sidebar = document.getElementById("configSidebar");
+  if (sidebar)
+    sidebar.addEventListener("click", OnConfigSidebarClick);
+
+  const saveBtn = document.getElementById("configSaveBtn");
+  if (saveBtn)
+    saveBtn.addEventListener("click", SaveCapabilityConfig);
+
+  const restoreBtn = document.getElementById("configRestoreBtn");
+  if (restoreBtn)
+    restoreBtn.addEventListener("click", RestoreCapabilityConfig);
+
+  const text = document.getElementById("configText");
+  if (text)
+    text.addEventListener("input", ValidateConfigText);
+
+  // The custom UI is sandboxed into an opaque origin, so postMessage is its only channel.
+  // OnCustomConfigMessage matches on the frame's contentWindow, not the origin ("null" when
+  // sandboxed), and ignores anything else.
+  window.addEventListener("message", OnCustomConfigMessage);
+
+  SendMessage("request_capabilities");
+});

resources/web/dialog/PluginsConfigDialog/styles.css

@@ -0,0 +1,251 @@
+/* Buttons (ButtonStyleRegular/ButtonStyleConfirm/ButtonTypeChoice), scrollbars (.thin-scroll) and
+   the host-injected theme contract (--bg, --text, --border, --panel, --muted, --plugin-status-*,
+   ...) all come from the shared sheets linked in index.html (global.css, common.css, theme.css —
+   the same three every resources/web/dialog/* page links). This file only carries what is unique
+   to this page: the fixed-size reset those shared sheets assume, the new page chrome, and the
+   config-related rules ported from PluginsDialog/styles.css (its Config tab uses the same classes).
+*/
+
+/* common.css hardcodes body to the PluginsDialog-era fixed 820x660 with overflow:hidden; this
+   dialog is resizable/maximizable, so neutralize that the same way PluginsDialog/styles.css does. */
+html,
+body {
+  width: 100% !important;
+  height: 100%;
+  max-width: none !important;
+  max-height: none !important;
+  margin: 0;
+  overflow: hidden;
+}
+
+body {
+  display: flex;
+  flex-direction: column;
+}
+
+.page {
+  display: flex;
+  flex-direction: column;
+  height: 100vh;
+  padding: 16px;
+  box-sizing: border-box;
+  gap: 12px;
+}
+
+.page-header { flex: 0 0 auto; }
+
+.page-title {
+  margin: 0;
+  font-size: 16px;
+  font-weight: 600;
+}
+
+/* ---- Ported from resources/web/dialog/PluginsDialog/styles.css (Config tab) ---- */
+
+.detail-empty {
+  padding: 18px 8px;
+  color: var(--muted);
+}
+
+.detail-empty[hidden] {
+  display: none;
+}
+
+.config-layout {
+  display: grid;
+  grid-template-columns: 180px 1fr;
+  gap: 10px;
+  height: 100%;
+  min-height: 0;
+  padding: 6px;
+  box-sizing: border-box;
+  flex: 1 1 auto;
+}
+
+.config-layout[hidden] {
+  display: none;
+}
+
+.config-sidebar {
+  display: flex;
+  flex-direction: column;
+  gap: 2px;
+  min-height: 0;
+  overflow-y: auto;
+  padding-right: 4px;
+  border-right: 1px solid var(--border-soft);
+}
+
+.config-cap {
+  display: flex;
+  flex-direction: column;
+  gap: 2px;
+  width: 100%;
+  padding: 6px 8px;
+  border: 1px solid transparent;
+  border-radius: 4px;
+  background: transparent;
+  color: var(--text);
+  font: inherit;
+  text-align: left;
+  cursor: pointer;
+}
+
+.config-cap:hover {
+  background: var(--row-hover);
+}
+
+.config-cap.selected {
+  background: var(--row-selected);
+  border-color: var(--row-selected-outline);
+}
+
+.config-cap-name {
+  font-size: 12px;
+  overflow: hidden;
+  text-overflow: ellipsis;
+  white-space: nowrap;
+}
+
+.config-cap-type {
+  color: var(--muted);
+  font-size: 11px;
+}
+
+.config-view {
+  display: flex;
+  flex-direction: column;
+  gap: 8px;
+  min-height: 0;
+  min-width: 0;
+}
+
+.config-error {
+  padding: 6px 8px;
+  border-radius: 4px;
+  background: var(--plugin-status-warn-bg);
+  color: var(--plugin-status-warn);
+  font-size: 12px;
+}
+
+.config-error[hidden] {
+  display: none;
+}
+
+.config-editor {
+  display: flex;
+  flex: 1;
+  flex-direction: column;
+  gap: 6px;
+  min-height: 0;
+}
+
+.config-editor[hidden] {
+  display: none;
+}
+
+.config-textarea {
+  flex: 1;
+  min-height: 0;
+  padding: 8px;
+  box-sizing: border-box;
+  /* common.css applies `user-select: none` to *, so without this the user could type into the
+     editor but not select, drag or copy what they had typed. */
+  -webkit-user-select: text;
+  user-select: text;
+  border: 1px solid var(--border);
+  border-radius: 4px;
+  background: var(--bg);
+  color: var(--text);
+  font-family: ui-monospace, SFMono-Regular, Menlo, Consolas, monospace;
+  font-size: 12px;
+  line-height: 1.5;
+  resize: none;
+  white-space: pre;
+  overflow: auto;
+}
+
+.config-textarea:focus {
+  outline: none;
+  border-color: var(--main-color);
+}
+
+.config-custom {
+  flex: 1;
+  min-height: 0;
+  width: 100%;
+  border: 1px solid var(--border);
+  border-radius: 4px;
+  background: var(--bg);
+}
+
+.config-custom[hidden] {
+  display: none;
+}
+
+.config-view-footer {
+  display: flex;
+  align-items: center;
+  justify-content: space-between;
+  gap: 8px;
+}
+
+.config-view-footer[hidden] {
+  display: none;
+}
+
+.config-actions {
+  display: flex;
+  align-items: center;
+  gap: 8px;
+}
+
+.config-actions > button[hidden] {
+  display: none;
+}
+
+.config-validation {
+  color: var(--muted);
+  font-size: 11px;
+  overflow: hidden;
+  text-overflow: ellipsis;
+  white-space: nowrap;
+}
+
+.config-validation.invalid {
+  color: var(--plugin-status-danger);
+}
+
+/* Footer status bar: single-line, fixed-height strip mirroring PluginsDialog's. */
+.status-bar {
+  flex: 0 0 auto;
+  display: flex;
+  align-items: center;
+  gap: 8px;
+  min-height: 28px;
+  padding: 6px 14px;
+  box-sizing: border-box;
+  border-top: 1px solid var(--border);
+  background: var(--panel);
+  color: var(--text);
+  font-size: 13px;
+}
+
+.status-text {
+  min-width: 0;
+  overflow: hidden;
+  white-space: nowrap;
+  text-overflow: ellipsis;
+}
+
+.status-bar.level-success .status-text {
+  color: var(--plugin-status-ok);
+}
+
+.status-bar.level-error .status-text {
+  color: var(--plugin-status-danger);
+}
+
+.status-bar.level-warn .status-text {
+  color: var(--plugin-status-warn);
+}

resources/web/dialog/PluginsDialog/index.html

@@ -0,0 +1,213 @@
+<!doctype html>
+<html lang="en">
+<head>
+  <meta charset="UTF-8" />
+  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" />
+  <title>Plugins</title>
+  <link rel="stylesheet" href="./styles.css" />
+  <link rel="stylesheet" href="./plugin-sort.css" />
+  <link rel="stylesheet" href="./plugin-search.css" />
+  <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../../include/global.css" />
+  <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../css/common.css" />
+  <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../css/theme.css" />
+  <script type="text/javascript" src="../js/jquery-3.6.0.min.js"></script>
+  <script type="text/javascript" src="../js/json2.js"></script>
+  <script type="text/javascript" src="../../data/text.js"></script>
+  <script type="text/javascript" src="../js/globalapi.js"></script>
+  <script type="text/javascript" src="../js/common.js"></script>
+  <script src="./index.js"></script>
+  <script src="./plugin-sort.js"></script>
+  <script src="../js/fuzzy-search.js"></script>
+  <script src="./plugin-search.js"></script>
+</head>
+<body onLoad="OnInit()">
+  <div class="app">
+    <div class="toolbar">
+      <div id="pluginSearch" class="plugin-search">
+        <span class="plugin-search-icon" aria-hidden="true">
+          <svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="14" height="14" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="1.4">
+            <circle cx="6.5" cy="6.5" r="4.5" />
+            <line x1="10" y1="10" x2="14" y2="14" />
+          </svg>
+        </span>
+        <input id="plugin_search_input" class="plugin-search-input" type="text"
+          placeholder="Search plugins" autocomplete="off" spellcheck="false" aria-label="Search plugins" />
+        <button id="plugin_search_clear" class="plugin-search-clear" type="button" title="Clear" aria-label="Clear search">
+          <svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="12" height="12" fill="none" stroke="currentColor"
+            stroke-width="1.6" stroke-linecap="round" aria-hidden="true">
+            <line x1="5" y1="5" x2="11" y2="11" />
+            <line x1="11" y1="5" x2="5" y2="11" />
+          </svg>
+        </button>
+        <button id="plugin_search_cc" class="plugin-search-toggle" type="button"
+          aria-pressed="false" title="Match case">Aa</button>
+        <button id="plugin_search_w" class="plugin-search-toggle" type="button"
+          aria-pressed="false" title="Match whole word"><span class="plugin-search-underline">ab</span></button>
+      </div>
+<!--        <button id="open_terminal" class="ButtonStyleRegular ButtonTypeChoice left-btn">-->
+<!--            Open Terminal-->
+<!--        </button>-->
+      <button id="refresh_btn" class="ButtonStyleRegular ButtonTypeChoice">
+        Refresh
+      </button>
+      <div id="exploreDropdown" class="explore-dropdown">
+        <button id="explore_menu_btn" class="ButtonStyleConfirm ButtonTypeChoice explore-menu-btn" type="button"
+          aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="exploreMenu" title="More plugin install options">
+          <span class="explore-menu-icon" aria-hidden="true"></span>
+        </button>
+        <button id="explore_btn" class="ButtonStyleConfirm ButtonTypeChoice explore-main-btn" type="button">
+          Install plugin
+        </button>
+        <div id="exploreMenu" class="explore-menu" role="menu" hidden>
+          <button type="button" class="explore-menu-item" role="menuitem" data-install-action="explore">Install plugin</button>
+          <button type="button" class="explore-menu-item" role="menuitem" data-install-action="install-local">Install local plugin</button>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+    </div>
+
+    <main class="content">
+      <section class="pane plugin-list-pane">
+        <div class="hdr plugin-cols">
+          <span>Activate</span>
+          <span class="sort-th" data-sort-field="name" role="button" tabindex="0"
+            title="Sort by name">Name<span class="sort-tri" aria-hidden="true"></span></span>
+          <span class="sort-th" data-sort-field="version" role="button" tabindex="0"
+            title="Sort by version">Plugin Version<span class="sort-tri" aria-hidden="true"></span></span>
+          <span class="sort-th" data-sort-field="source" role="button" tabindex="0"
+            title="Sort by source">Source<span class="sort-tri" aria-hidden="true"></span></span>
+          <span class="sort-th" data-sort-field="status" role="button" tabindex="0"
+            title="Sort by status">Status<span class="sort-tri" aria-hidden="true"></span></span>
+        </div>
+        <div id="pluginList" class="body thin-scroll"></div>
+      </section>
+
+      <!-- Drag to redistribute the dialog's height between the list and the details pane; the hit
+           area is the whole strip, the visible divider is the line drawn inside it. -->
+      <div id="paneSplitter" class="pane-splitter" role="separator" aria-orientation="horizontal"
+        aria-label="Resize the plugin list" title="Drag to resize; double-click to reset"></div>
+
+      <section class="pane details-pane">
+        <div class="detail-tabs" role="tablist" aria-label="Plugin details">
+          <button id="pluginInfoTab" class="detail-tab active" type="button" role="tab"
+            aria-selected="true" aria-controls="pluginInfoPanel" data-tab="plugin-info">Plugin Info</button>
+          <button id="descriptionTab" class="detail-tab" type="button" role="tab" tabindex="-1"
+            aria-selected="false" aria-controls="descriptionPanel" data-tab="description">Description</button>
+          <button id="configTab" class="detail-tab" type="button" role="tab" tabindex="-1"
+            aria-selected="false" aria-controls="configPanel" data-tab="config">Config</button>
+          <button id="changelogTab" class="detail-tab" type="button" role="tab" tabindex="-1"
+            aria-selected="false" aria-controls="changelogPanel" data-tab="changelog">Changelog</button>
+          <button id="diagnosticsTab" class="detail-tab" type="button" role="tab" tabindex="-1"
+            aria-selected="false" aria-controls="diagnosticsPanel" data-tab="diagnostics">Diagnostics</button>
+        </div>
+
+        <div class="detail-tab-panels">
+          <section id="pluginInfoPanel" class="detail-tab-panel" role="tabpanel"
+            aria-labelledby="pluginInfoTab" data-panel="plugin-info">
+            <div class="plugin-info-layout">
+              <div class="plugin-thumbnail">
+                <img id="detailThumbnail" alt="" hidden />
+              </div>
+              <div class="detail-fields">
+                <div class="detail-field-row">
+                  <div class="detail-label">Source</div>
+                  <div id="detailSource" class="detail-value">-</div>
+                </div>
+                <div class="detail-field-row">
+                  <div class="detail-label">Types</div>
+                  <div id="detailTypes" class="detail-value">-</div>
+                </div>
+                <div class="detail-field-row">
+                  <div class="detail-label">Author</div>
+                  <div id="detailAuthor" class="detail-value">-</div>
+                </div>
+                <div class="detail-field-row">
+                  <div class="detail-label">Installed Version</div>
+                  <div class="detail-value">
+                    <span id="detailInstalledVersion">-</span>
+                  </div>
+                </div>
+                <div class="detail-field-row">
+                  <div class="detail-label">Latest Version</div>
+                  <div class="detail-value detail-version-row">
+                    <span id="detailLatestVersion">-</span>
+                    <span id="detailUpdateBadge" class="version-update-badge" hidden
+                      aria-label="Update available" title="Update available"></span>
+                    <button id="detailUpdateBtn" type="button" class="plugin-update-btn" hidden
+                      title="Update to the latest version">Update</button>
+                  </div>
+                </div>
+              </div>
+            </div>
+          </section>
+
+          <section id="descriptionPanel" class="detail-tab-panel thin-scroll" role="tabpanel" tabindex="0"
+            aria-labelledby="descriptionTab" data-panel="description" hidden>
+            <h2 class="detail-section-title">Description</h2>
+            <div id="detailDescription" class="detail-description">No description available</div>
+          </section>
+
+          <section id="configPanel" class="detail-tab-panel" role="tabpanel" tabindex="0"
+            aria-labelledby="configTab" data-panel="config" hidden>
+            <div id="configEmpty" class="detail-empty">Select a plugin to configure its capabilities</div>
+            <div id="configLayout" class="config-layout" hidden>
+              <div id="configSidebar" class="config-sidebar thin-scroll" role="listbox"
+                aria-label="Configurable capabilities"></div>
+              <div class="config-view">
+                <div id="configError" class="config-error" role="status" aria-live="polite" hidden></div>
+                <div id="configEditor" class="config-editor" hidden>
+                  <textarea id="configText" class="config-textarea thin-scroll" spellcheck="false"
+                    autocomplete="off" autocapitalize="off" aria-label="Capability configuration (JSON)"></textarea>
+                </div>
+                <!-- Custom capability UI. Sandboxed without allow-same-origin, so the plugin's HTML
+                     runs in an opaque origin and reaches the host only through the injected
+                     window.orca bridge. -->
+                <iframe id="configCustom" class="config-custom" title="Plugin configuration"
+                  sandbox="allow-scripts" referrerpolicy="no-referrer" hidden></iframe>
+                <!-- JSON-editor chrome only: a custom UI renders its own save/restore controls and
+                     drives them through the window.orca bridge. -->
+                <div id="configFooter" class="config-view-footer" hidden>
+                  <span id="configValidation" class="config-validation" role="status" aria-live="polite"></span>
+                  <div class="config-actions">
+                    <button id="configRestoreBtn" class="ButtonStyleRegular ButtonTypeChoice" type="button"
+                      title="Discard the settings saved for this capability and restore the plugin's defaults">
+                      Restore defaults
+                    </button>
+                    <button id="configSaveBtn" class="ButtonStyleConfirm ButtonTypeChoice" type="button">Save</button>
+                  </div>
+                </div>
+              </div>
+            </div>
+          </section>
+
+          <section id="changelogPanel" class="detail-tab-panel thin-scroll" role="tabpanel" tabindex="0"
+            aria-labelledby="changelogTab" data-panel="changelog" hidden>
+            <table id="changelogTable" class="detail-table changelog-table" aria-label="Plugin changelog">
+              <thead>
+                <tr>
+                  <th scope="col">Version</th>
+                  <th scope="col">Date</th>
+                  <th scope="col">Changes</th>
+                </tr>
+              </thead>
+              <tbody id="changelogBody"></tbody>
+            </table>
+            <div id="changelogEmpty" class="detail-empty" hidden>No changelog available</div>
+          </section>
+
+          <section id="diagnosticsPanel" class="detail-tab-panel thin-scroll" role="tabpanel" tabindex="0"
+            aria-labelledby="diagnosticsTab" data-panel="diagnostics" hidden>
+            <div id="detailStatusBody" class="detail-status-body">No issues detected</div>
+          </section>
+        </div>
+      </section>
+    </main>
+  </div>
+
+  <div id="statusBar" class="status-bar is-empty" role="status" aria-live="polite">
+    <span class="status-dot" aria-hidden="true"></span>
+    <span id="statusText" class="status-text"></span>
+  </div>
+
+  <div id="ctxMenu" class="ctx" hidden></div>
+</body>
+</html>

resources/web/dialog/PluginsDialog/plugin-search.css

@@ -0,0 +1,138 @@
+.plugin-search {
+  --search-width: 300px;
+  flex: 0 0 auto;
+  width: var(--search-width);
+  /* why: the search bar takes the auto margin (pinned far left); sort + Refresh + Install cluster right. */
+  margin-right: auto;
+  display: flex;
+  align-items: center;
+  gap: 2px;
+  /* why: match the compact toolbar buttons (.toolbar .ButtonTypeChoice is 26px) so the row aligns. */
+  height: 26px;
+  padding: 0 6px;
+  box-sizing: border-box;
+  background: var(--panel);
+  border: 1px solid var(--border);
+  border-radius: 6px;
+}
+
+.plugin-search:focus-within {
+  border-color: var(--main-color);
+  box-shadow: 0 0 0 2px rgba(0, 150, 136, 0.25);
+}
+
+.plugin-search-icon {
+  display: inline-flex;
+  color: var(--muted);
+}
+
+.plugin-search-input {
+  flex: 1;
+  min-width: 0;
+  background: transparent;
+  border: 0;
+  outline: 0;
+  color: var(--text);
+  font: inherit;
+}
+
+.plugin-search-input::placeholder {
+  color: var(--muted);
+}
+
+/* why: compact squarish toggles - min-width keeps single-char W from collapsing while two-char Cc
+   grows just enough to fit; tight horizontal padding keeps them from reading as wide pills. */
+.plugin-search-toggle {
+  display: inline-flex;
+  align-items: center;
+  justify-content: center;
+  min-width: 22px;
+  height: 22px;
+  padding: 0 1px;
+  border: 1px solid transparent;
+  border-radius: 4px;
+  background: transparent;
+  color: var(--muted);
+  font-size: 12px;
+  font-weight: 600;
+  line-height: 1;
+  cursor: pointer;
+  box-sizing: border-box;
+}
+
+/* why: set the clear x apart from the Cc/W pair while keeping the pair itself tight - margins on the
+   toggles only, so the icon-to-text gap is left as-is. clear+toggle = Cc, toggle+toggle = W. */
+.plugin-search-clear + .plugin-search-toggle {
+  margin-left: 4px;
+}
+.plugin-search-toggle + .plugin-search-toggle {
+  margin-left: -1px;
+}
+
+/* why: subtle round clear affordance - a small muted disc, not a square button. The x is an inline SVG
+   (not a text glyph) so it centers pixel-perfectly regardless of the platform font. JS flips its
+   visibility (not display) so its reserved slot never reflows Cc/W. */
+.plugin-search-clear {
+  display: inline-flex;
+  align-items: center;
+  justify-content: center;
+  width: 10px;
+  height: 10px;
+  padding: 0;
+  border: 0;
+  border-radius: 50%;
+  color: var(--muted);
+  cursor: pointer;
+  visibility: hidden;
+  background: rgba(127, 127, 127, 0.20);
+}
+
+.plugin-search-clear svg {
+  display: block;
+}
+
+.plugin-search-clear:hover {
+  color: var(--text);
+  background: rgba(127, 127, 127, 0.45);
+}
+
+.plugin-search-toggle:hover {
+  color: var(--text);
+  background: var(--row-hover);
+}
+
+.plugin-search-toggle.on {
+  color: var(--button-fg-light, #fff);
+  background: var(--main-color);
+  border-color: var(--main-color-hover);
+}
+
+/* "ab" over a bracket drawn by ::after box draws it */
+.plugin-search-underline {
+  position: relative;
+  display: inline-block;
+  padding-bottom: 2px;
+}
+.plugin-search-underline::after {
+  content: "";
+  position: absolute;
+  /* why: ticks stick out past the outer edges of "a"/"b" on each side. */
+  left: -1px;
+  right: -1px;
+  bottom: 0;
+  /* why: short ticks + bottom rule, tucked near the baseline. */
+  height: 2px;
+  border: 1px solid currentColor;
+  border-top: 0;
+  /* why: soften the two joints where the ticks meet the bottom rule. */
+  border-bottom-left-radius: 2px;
+  border-bottom-right-radius: 2px;
+}
+
+/* why: reuse the themed warn tokens so matched-char marks track light and dark automatically.
+   note: no padding/margin/border - a highlight must not change text width, else rows reflow. */
+mark.plugin-search-hit {
+  border-radius: 2px;
+  background: var(--plugin-status-warn-bg);
+  color: var(--plugin-status-warn);
+}

resources/web/dialog/PluginsDialog/plugin-search.js

@@ -0,0 +1,110 @@
+const pluginSearch = { query: "", caseSensitive: false, wholeWord: false };
+
+function PluginSearchActive() {
+  return pluginSearch.query.length > 0;
+}
+
+// why: matcher (FoldChar/Norm/FuzzyRanges/WholeWordRanges) lives in shared ../js/fuzzy-search.js,
+//      loaded before this script - it is shared with the Speed Dial popup. Cc = pluginSearch.caseSensitive.
+function MatchText(text, query) {
+  if (!query)
+    return [];
+  return pluginSearch.wholeWord
+    ? WholeWordRanges(text, query, pluginSearch.caseSensitive)
+    : FuzzyRanges(text, query, pluginSearch.caseSensitive);
+}
+
+// Per-plugin evaluator consumed by RenderPlugins. The name text mirrors LabelCell's pluginLabelText so
+// highlight offsets line up with what is rendered. Capability names exist for loaded plugins only.
+function ComputePluginMatch(plugin) {
+  const name = plugin.label || plugin.name || plugin.plugin_id || "";
+  const nameRanges = MatchText(name, pluginSearch.query);
+  const capabilities = Array.isArray(plugin?.capabilities) ? plugin.capabilities : [];
+  const capRanges = new Map();
+  for (const capability of capabilities) {
+    const key = String(capability?.name || "");
+    const ranges = MatchText(key, pluginSearch.query);
+    if (ranges)
+      capRanges.set(key, ranges);
+  }
+  return {
+    matched: !!nameRanges || capRanges.size > 0,
+    nameRanges,
+    capRanges,
+    hasCapMatch: capRanges.size > 0,
+  };
+}
+
+// --- widget wiring ---
+let pluginSearchInput = null;
+let pluginSearchClear = null;
+let pluginSearchCc = null;
+let pluginSearchW = null;
+
+function InitPluginSearch() {
+  pluginSearchInput = document.getElementById("plugin_search_input");
+  pluginSearchClear = document.getElementById("plugin_search_clear");
+  pluginSearchCc = document.getElementById("plugin_search_cc");
+  pluginSearchW = document.getElementById("plugin_search_w");
+  if (!pluginSearchInput)
+    return;
+
+  // why: common.js installs a document-level onkeydown that cancels the default action of every key
+  //      (returnValue=false) to block webview shortcuts; on the way up it also swallows typing. Stop the
+  //      field's keydowns from bubbling to it so the input stays editable, leaving the global guard intact.
+  pluginSearchInput.addEventListener("keydown", (event) => event.stopPropagation());
+
+  pluginSearchInput.addEventListener("input", OnPluginSearchInput);
+  pluginSearchClear?.addEventListener("click", ClearPluginSearch);
+  pluginSearchCc?.addEventListener("click", () => TogglePluginSearchFlag(pluginSearchCc, "caseSensitive"));
+  pluginSearchW?.addEventListener("click", () => TogglePluginSearchFlag(pluginSearchW, "wholeWord"));
+  SyncPluginSearchClear();
+}
+
+function OnPluginSearchInput() {
+  pluginSearch.query = pluginSearchInput.value;
+  // why: emptying the box by editing (not just the x) also ends the search - drop the transient vetoes.
+  if (!pluginSearch.query)
+    ClearSearchExpandOverride();
+  SyncPluginSearchClear();
+  RenderPluginsIfReady();
+}
+
+function ClearPluginSearch() {
+  pluginSearch.query = "";
+  if (pluginSearchInput)
+    pluginSearchInput.value = "";
+  ClearSearchExpandOverride();
+  SyncPluginSearchClear();
+  RenderPluginsIfReady();
+  pluginSearchInput?.focus();
+}
+
+function TogglePluginSearchFlag(button, key) {
+  pluginSearch[key] = !pluginSearch[key];
+  button.classList.toggle("on", pluginSearch[key]);
+  button.setAttribute("aria-pressed", String(pluginSearch[key]));
+  RenderPluginsIfReady();
+}
+
+// why: toggle visibility (not display / the hidden attribute) so the x keeps its reserved slot and
+//      showing or hiding it never reflows the Cc / W buttons.
+function SyncPluginSearchClear() {
+  if (pluginSearchClear)
+    pluginSearchClear.style.visibility = pluginSearch.query.length ? "visible" : "hidden";
+}
+
+// why: searchExpandOverride lives in index.js; guard so this module stays loadable on its own.
+function ClearSearchExpandOverride() {
+  if (typeof searchExpandOverride !== "undefined")
+    searchExpandOverride.clear();
+}
+
+function RenderPluginsIfReady() {
+  if (typeof RenderPlugins === "function")
+    RenderPlugins();
+}
+
+// why: guarded so the module can be loaded in headless syntax checks; mirrors plugin-sort.js.
+if (typeof document !== "undefined")
+  document.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded", InitPluginSearch);

resources/web/dialog/PluginsDialog/plugin-sort.css

@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+/* why: sort affordance lives on the list column headers, not a toolbar dropdown. */
+
+.hdr .sort-th {
+  display: flex;
+  align-items: center;
+  gap: 6px;
+  cursor: pointer;
+  user-select: none;
+}
+
+.hdr .sort-th .sort-tri {
+  width: 0;
+  height: 0;
+  flex: none;
+  border-left: 4px solid transparent;
+  border-right: 4px solid transparent;
+  display: none;
+}
+
+/* faint up-triangle hint on hover, only while the column is not the active sort */
+.hdr .sort-th:hover .sort-tri {
+  display: block;
+  border-bottom: 5px solid var(--muted);
+}
+
+/* active column wins over the hover hint (same specificity, declared later) */
+.hdr .sort-th[data-sort="asc"] .sort-tri {
+  display: block;
+  border-bottom: 5px solid var(--text);
+  border-top: 0;
+}
+
+.hdr .sort-th[data-sort="desc"] .sort-tri {
+  display: block;
+  border-top: 5px solid var(--text);
+  border-bottom: 0;
+}
+
+.hdr .sort-th[data-sort="asc"],
+.hdr .sort-th[data-sort="desc"] {
+  color: var(--text);
+}

resources/web/dialog/PluginsDialog/plugin-sort.js

@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+// why: C++ owns ordering; this file only sends and reflects sort state.
+
+const DEFAULT_PLUGIN_SORT = { key: "none", order: "asc" };
+// note: SORT_FIELDS are the clickable columns. "none" is the baseline/cleared state, not a field -
+//   it is special-cased in NormalizePluginSort and produced by CyclePluginSort's third click.
+const SORT_FIELDS = new Set(["status", "name", "source", "version"]);
+let pluginSort = { ...DEFAULT_PLUGIN_SORT };
+
+// why: C++ returns canonical sort state; guard stale or malformed values before reflecting them.
+function NormalizePluginSort(sortKey, sortOrder) {
+  const key = String(sortKey || "");
+  return {
+    key: key === "none" ? "none" : (SORT_FIELDS.has(key) ? key : DEFAULT_PLUGIN_SORT.key),
+    order: sortOrder === "desc" ? "desc" : DEFAULT_PLUGIN_SORT.order,
+  };
+}
+
+function RequestPluginSort(sortKey, sortOrder) {
+  pluginSort = NormalizePluginSort(sortKey, sortOrder);
+  RenderSortHeaders();
+
+  if (typeof SendMessage === "function")
+    SendMessage("set_plugin_sort", {
+      sort_key: pluginSort.key,
+      sort_order: pluginSort.order,
+    });
+}
+
+// why: one click per column cycles asc -> desc -> clear; setting any column clears the previous
+//   one for free because C++ (and pluginSort) only ever hold a single key.
+function CyclePluginSort(field) {
+  if (!SORT_FIELDS.has(field))
+    return;
+  if (pluginSort.key !== field)
+    RequestPluginSort(field, "asc");
+  else if (pluginSort.order === "asc")
+    RequestPluginSort(field, "desc");
+  else
+    RequestPluginSort("none", "asc"); // third click: back to baseline
+}
+
+// why: paints the sort indicator for headers
+// e.g., when user clicks triangle to change sort order, or change to sort by a new different field
+function RenderSortHeaders() {
+  document.querySelectorAll(".hdr .sort-th").forEach((th) => {
+    // "" | "asc" | "desc" - renders the triangle via plugin-sort.css [data-sort=...].
+    th.dataset.sort = th.dataset.sortField === pluginSort.key ? pluginSort.order : "";
+  });
+}
+
+function InitSortHeaders() {
+  document.querySelectorAll(".hdr .sort-th").forEach((th) => {
+    th.addEventListener("click", () => CyclePluginSort(th.dataset.sortField));
+    // note: role="button" cells need Enter/Space to match the old dropdown's keyboard access.
+    th.addEventListener("keydown", (event) => {
+      if (event.key === "Enter" || event.key === " ") {
+        event.preventDefault();
+        CyclePluginSort(th.dataset.sortField);
+      }
+    });
+  });
+  RenderSortHeaders(); // paint the initial state (baseline = no triangle)
+}
+
+// why: guarded so the module can be loaded in headless syntax checks.
+if (typeof document !== "undefined")
+  document.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded", InitSortHeaders);

resources/web/dialog/PresetBundleDialog/index.html

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
   <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../../include/global.css" />	<!-- ORCA One for all-->
     <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../css/common.css" />	
     <!-- <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="23.css" /> -->
-    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../css/dark.css" />	
+    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../css/theme.css" />
     <script type="text/javascript" src="../js/jquery-3.6.0.min.js"></script>
     <script type="text/javascript" src="../js/json2.js"></script>	
     <script type="text/javascript" src="../../data/text.js"></script>	

resources/web/dialog/PresetBundleDialog/styles.css

@@ -1,26 +1,3 @@
-:root {
-  --bg: #ffffff;
-  --panel: #ffffff;
-  --border: #d8d8d8;
-  --border-strong: #e6e6e6;
-  --border-soft: #f0f0f0;
-  --col-sep: #e1e1e1;
-
-  --text: #1f2328;
-  --row-hover: #f7f9fb;
-  --row-selected: #eaf2ff;
-  --row-selected-outline: #b7d0ff;
-
-  --footer-bg: #fafafa;
-  --btn-bg: #ffffff;
-  --btn-border: #cccccc;
-  --btn-hover: #f0f0f0;
-
-  --ctx-bg: #ffffff;
-  --ctx-border: #cccccc;
-  --ctx-hover: #efefef;
-}
-
 html, body {
   height: 100%;
   margin: 0;

resources/web/dialog/SpeedDial/index.html

@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+<!doctype html>
+<html lang="en">
+<head>
+  <meta charset="UTF-8" />
+  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" />
+  <title>Speed Dial</title>
+  <link rel="stylesheet" href="./style.css" />
+  <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../css/theme.css" />
+  <script type="text/javascript" src="../../include/globalapi.js"></script>
+  <script src="../../js/fuzzy-search.js"></script>
+  <script src="./speeddial.js"></script>
+</head>
+<body onload="OnInit()">
+  <div class="launcher">
+    <div class="row-eyebrow fav-eyebrow" id="favEyebrow" hidden></div>
+    <div class="fav-bar" id="favBar"></div>
+    <div class="dial-head">
+      <div class="plugin-search">
+        <span class="plugin-search-icon" aria-hidden="true">
+          <svg width="14" height="14" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2"><circle cx="11" cy="11" r="7"/><line x1="21" y1="21" x2="16.5" y2="16.5"/></svg>
+        </span>
+        <input class="plugin-search-input" id="q" type="text" placeholder="Search actions" spellcheck="false" autocomplete="off" aria-label="Search actions" />
+        <button class="plugin-search-clear" id="clear" type="button" title="Clear" aria-label="Clear search" hidden>
+          <svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="12" height="12" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="1.6" stroke-linecap="round" aria-hidden="true"><line x1="5" y1="5" x2="11" y2="11"/><line x1="11" y1="5" x2="5" y2="11"/></svg>
+        </button>
+      </div>
+      <div class="dial-count" id="count" hidden></div>
+    </div>
+    <div class="dial-list" id="list"></div>
+  </div>
+</body>
+</html>

resources/web/dialog/SpeedDial/speeddial.js

@@ -0,0 +1,498 @@
+// Speed Dial launcher page. Static-safe module: no DOM access at load time so a
+// node vm can exercise the pure helpers (filterActions / actionLabel / nextSel).
+
+// ---- state (populated by the C++ bridge via window.HandleStudio) ----
+var ACTIONS = [];        // [{id,title,source,shortcut}], already frecency-sorted by C++
+var FAVS = [];           // [id...]
+var query = "";
+var sel = { zone: "list", i: 0 };   // zone: 'list' | 'fav'
+var lastResizeHeight = 0;
+var matchIndex = {};
+
+// why: fuzzy matcher (FoldChar/Norm/FuzzyRanges) lives in shared ../../js/fuzzy-search.js, loaded before
+//      this script - it is shared with the Plugins dialog. Speed dial search is always case-insensitive.
+
+// element handles, assigned in OnInit (kept null so load-time touches no DOM)
+var qEl = null, listEl = null, favEl = null, clearEl = null, eyeEl = null, countEl = null;
+
+// ---- pure helpers (no DOM; unit-tested) -------------------------------------
+function filterActions(actions, query) {
+  var q = (query || "").trim();
+  var list = actions || [];
+  matchIndex = {};
+  if (!q)
+    return list.slice(0);
+
+  var out = [];
+  for (var i = 0; i < list.length; i++) {
+    var a = list[i];
+    var titleMatch = FuzzyRanges(a.title, q, false);
+    var sourceMatch = FuzzyRanges(a.source, q, false);
+    if (!titleMatch && !sourceMatch)
+      continue;
+    matchIndex[a.id] = { title: titleMatch, source: sourceMatch, useTitle: !!titleMatch };
+    out.push(a);
+  }
+  return out;
+}
+
+function visibleFavourites(favourites, actions) {
+  // why: a fav whose id has no live action (plugin unloaded/disabled) renders a dead
+  //      monogram tile whose click run()s to a silent no-op; drop it from the quick-bar.
+  var seen = {};
+  (actions || []).forEach(function (a) { seen[a.id] = true; });
+  return (favourites || []).filter(function (id, i, arr) {
+    return seen[id] && arr.indexOf(id) === i;
+  });
+}
+
+function resultCountText(total, shown, query) {
+  return (query || "").trim() ? "Showing " + shown + " of " + total + " actions" : total + " actions";
+}
+
+function shouldRenderActionList(query) {
+  return !!(query || "").trim();
+}
+
+// Resolve the selection cursor {zone,i} to the action id it points at: fav zone indexes the
+// visible favourites, list zone the filtered actions. Pure so runSelected() shares one lookup.
+function selectedActionId(sel, actions, favIds, query) {
+  if (sel.zone === "fav")
+    return favIds[sel.i];
+  // why: search-first keeps the list blank until the user types; an empty query still
+  //      filters to ALL actions, so without this gate Enter fires an action never shown.
+  if (!shouldRenderActionList(query))
+    return null;
+  var a = actions[sel.i];
+  return a && a.id;
+}
+
+function foldLabel(s) { return String(s || "").toLowerCase().replace(/[^a-z0-9]+/g, ""); }
+
+// Title-case a source for display: "GCODE OPTIMIZER"/"iRoNiNg pRo" -> "Gcode Optimizer"/"Ironing Pro".
+function prettySource(source) {
+  return String(source || "").toLowerCase().replace(/\b\w/g, function (c) { return c.toUpperCase(); });
+}
+
+// Accessible label "Title from Pretty Source", disambiguated with the opaque action id when another
+// action shares the same title+source (case/separator-insensitive) - so two rows never read out identically.
+function actionLabel(action, actions) {
+  var label = action.title + " from " + prettySource(action.source);
+  if (actions && actions.length) {
+    var mine = foldLabel(action.title) + "|" + foldLabel(action.source);
+    var clash = actions.some(function (o) {
+      return o.id !== action.id && foldLabel(o.title) + "|" + foldLabel(o.source) === mine;
+    });
+    if (clash)
+      label += " (" + action.id + ")";
+  }
+  return label;
+}
+
+// Monogram code for a tile: title initial, escalated on collision by PREPENDING the source
+// initial (pi+ti, e.g. "GC"), then a 1-based ordinal - so same-titled actions stay distinct.
+// why: ordinal is assigned by id, not by ACTIONS order - ACTIONS is frecency-sorted and
+// reshuffles as usage changes, which would otherwise flip who's "1" and who's "2" across runs.
+function tileCode(action, actions) {
+  var list = actions || [];
+  var ti = (action.title || " ").charAt(0).toUpperCase();
+  var sameTitle = list.filter(function (o) { return (o.title || " ").charAt(0).toUpperCase() === ti; });
+  if (sameTitle.length <= 1)
+    return ti;
+  var pi = (action.source || " ").charAt(0).toUpperCase();
+  var sameSource = sameTitle.filter(function (o) { return (o.source || " ").charAt(0).toUpperCase() === pi; });
+  if (sameSource.length <= 1)
+    return pi + ti;
+  sameSource.sort(function (a, b) { return a.id < b.id ? -1 : a.id > b.id ? 1 : 0; });
+  for (var i = 0; i < sameSource.length; i++)
+    if (sameSource[i].id === action.id)
+      return pi + ti + (i + 1);
+  return pi + ti;
+}
+
+function syncClearButton() {
+  if (clearEl)
+    clearEl.hidden = !query;
+}
+
+function stateFromPayload(payload) {
+  return {
+    actions: payload.actions || [],
+    favourites: payload.favourites || [],
+    query: "",
+    sel: { zone: "list", i: 0 },
+    lastResizeHeight: 0
+  };
+}
+
+function resetScrollPositions(list, doc) {
+  if (list)
+    list.scrollTop = 0;
+  if (doc && doc.scrollingElement)
+    doc.scrollingElement.scrollTop = 0;
+  if (doc && doc.documentElement)
+    doc.documentElement.scrollTop = 0;
+  if (doc && doc.body)
+    doc.body.scrollTop = 0;
+}
+
+// nextSel: pure arrow-nav transition. Down fav->list0; Down list->clamp; Up list@0->fav0;
+// Up list->i-1; Left/Right clamp within fav. Returns a fresh {zone,i}.
+function nextSel(sel, key, listLen, favLen) {
+  var zone = sel.zone, i = sel.i;
+  if (key === "ArrowDown") {
+    if (zone === "fav") return { zone: "list", i: 0 };
+    return { zone: "list", i: Math.min(i + 1, Math.max(0, listLen - 1)) };
+  }
+  if (key === "ArrowUp") {
+    if (zone === "list") {
+      if (i <= 0) return favLen ? { zone: "fav", i: 0 } : { zone: "list", i: 0 };
+      return { zone: "list", i: i - 1 };
+    }
+    return { zone: zone, i: i };
+  }
+  if (key === "ArrowLeft" && zone === "fav") return { zone: "fav", i: Math.max(0, i - 1) };
+  if (key === "ArrowRight" && zone === "fav") return { zone: "fav", i: Math.min(favLen - 1, i + 1) };
+  return { zone: zone, i: i };
+}
+
+// ---- bridge ------------------------------------------------------------------
+function SendMessage(msg) {
+  if (typeof SendWXMessage !== "function")
+    return;
+  if (typeof msg === "string") msg = { command: msg };
+  if (msg.sequence_id === undefined) msg.sequence_id = Date.now();
+  SendWXMessage(JSON.stringify(msg));
+}
+
+// C++ pushes payloads here. Only list_actions is handled; it (re)seeds all state.
+window.HandleStudio = function (payload) {
+  if (!payload) return;
+  if (typeof payload === "string") { try { payload = JSON.parse(payload); } catch (e) { return; } }
+  if (payload.command === "list_actions") {
+    var next = stateFromPayload(payload);
+    ACTIONS = next.actions;
+    FAVS = next.favourites;
+    query = next.query;
+    sel = next.sel;
+    lastResizeHeight = next.lastResizeHeight;
+    if (qEl) {
+      qEl.value = "";
+      qEl.placeholder = "Search " + ACTIONS.length + " actions";
+      syncClearButton();
+    }
+    render({ resize: true, resetScroll: true });
+    focusInput();
+  }
+};
+
+// ---- DOM helpers -------------------------------------------------------------
+function $(id) { return document.getElementById(id); }
+
+function byId(id) {
+  for (var i = 0; i < ACTIONS.length; i++) if (ACTIONS[i].id === id) return ACTIONS[i];
+  return null;
+}
+
+function currentVisibleFavs() { return visibleFavourites(FAVS, ACTIONS); }
+
+function hue(id) {
+  var h = 0;
+  for (var i = 0; i < id.length; i++)
+    h = (h * 31 + id.charCodeAt(i)) >>> 0;
+  return h % 360;
+}
+
+// Build a <div class=className> with the search-match ranges wrapped in <mark>. Used for both the
+// title and the source eyebrow. Pure (only touches the document factory), so the node-vm test never
+// calls it and load-time stays DOM-free.
+function markedText(className, text, match) {
+  var node = document.createElement("div");
+  node.className = className; node.title = text;
+  if (!match || !match.length) {
+    node.textContent = text;
+    return node;
+  }
+  var last = 0;
+  for (var i = 0; i < match.length; i++) {
+    var range = match[i];
+    if (range[0] > last)
+      node.appendChild(document.createTextNode(text.slice(last, range[0])));
+    var m = document.createElement("mark");
+    m.textContent = text.slice(range[0], range[1]);
+    node.appendChild(m);
+    last = range[1];
+  }
+  if (last < text.length)
+    node.appendChild(document.createTextNode(text.slice(last)));
+  return node;
+}
+
+function starSvg(on) {
+  return '<svg width="15" height="15" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="' + (on ? "currentColor" : "none") +
+    '" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="1.7" stroke-linejoin="round">' +
+    '<path d="M12 3.5l2.6 5.3 5.9.9-4.3 4.1 1 5.8L12 17.9 6.8 20.6l1-5.8L3.5 9.7l5.9-.9z"/></svg>';
+}
+
+// ---- render ------------------------------------------------------------------
+function renderFav() {
+  favEl.innerHTML = "";
+  var favs = currentVisibleFavs();
+  favEl.hidden = favs.length === 0;
+  if (!favs.length && sel.zone === "fav")
+    sel = { zone: "list", i: 0 };
+  else if (sel.zone === "fav")
+    sel.i = Math.max(0, Math.min(sel.i, favs.length - 1));
+  updateFavEyebrow(favs);
+  favs.forEach(function (id, i) {
+    var a = byId(id);
+    var tile = document.createElement("button");
+    tile.className = "fav-tile" + (sel.zone === "fav" && sel.i === i ? " sel" : "");
+    tile.style.setProperty("--h", hue(id));
+    tile.textContent = tileCode(a, ACTIONS);
+    tile.title = a.title;
+    tile.setAttribute("aria-label", actionLabel(a, ACTIONS));
+    tile.onclick = function () { sel = { zone: "fav", i: i }; run(a); };
+    tile.oncontextmenu = function (ev) {
+      ev.preventDefault();
+      // why: selecting shows the eyebrow, which grows the launcher - resize so the popup
+      //      isn't clipped (mirrors arrow-nav). requestResize no-ops when height is unchanged.
+      sel = { zone: "fav", i: i }; render({ resize: true });
+      showFavMenu(ev.clientX, ev.clientY, id);
+    };
+    favEl.appendChild(tile);
+  });
+}
+
+// ---- favourite context menu (right-click a tile) -----------------------------
+var favMenuEl = null;
+
+function hideFavMenu() { if (favMenuEl) favMenuEl.hidden = true; }
+
+function addFavMenuItem(label, enabled, fn) {
+  var item = document.createElement("button");
+  item.className = "ctx-item";
+  item.textContent = label;
+  item.disabled = !enabled;
+  item.onclick = function () { hideFavMenu(); fn(); };
+  favMenuEl.appendChild(item);
+}
+
+// One reused menu node (Move left/right + Unpin), positioned at the cursor and clamped
+// to the viewport. Native browser context menus can't add items, so we roll our own tiny one.
+function showFavMenu(x, y, id) {
+  if (!favMenuEl) {
+    favMenuEl = document.createElement("div");
+    favMenuEl.className = "ctx-menu";
+    document.body.appendChild(favMenuEl);
+  }
+  favMenuEl.innerHTML = "";
+  var favs = currentVisibleFavs();
+  var vi = favs.indexOf(id);
+  addFavMenuItem("Move left", vi > 0, function () { moveFav(id, -1); });
+  addFavMenuItem("Move right", vi >= 0 && vi < favs.length - 1, function () { moveFav(id, 1); });
+  addFavMenuItem("Unpin", true, function () { toggleFav(id); });
+  favMenuEl.hidden = false;
+  favMenuEl.style.left = Math.max(0, Math.min(x, window.innerWidth - favMenuEl.offsetWidth - 4)) + "px";
+  favMenuEl.style.top = Math.max(0, Math.min(y, window.innerHeight - favMenuEl.offsetHeight - 4)) + "px";
+}
+
+// Swap a favourite with its visible neighbour (dir -1/+1) and persist the new order. Swapping
+// by id inside FAVS (not the visible slice) keeps any hidden pins (no live action) in place.
+function moveFav(id, dir) {
+  var favs = currentVisibleFavs();
+  var vi = favs.indexOf(id);
+  var ni = vi + dir;
+  if (vi === -1 || ni < 0 || ni >= favs.length) return;
+  var a = FAVS.indexOf(id), b = FAVS.indexOf(favs[ni]);
+  if (a === -1 || b === -1) return;
+  FAVS[a] = favs[ni]; FAVS[b] = id;
+  SendMessage({ command: "reorder_favourites", ids: FAVS.slice() });
+  sel = { zone: "fav", i: ni };
+  render({ resize: true });
+}
+
+// Name of the selected favourite, shown above the bar; hidden unless a fav is selected.
+function updateFavEyebrow(favs) {
+  if (!eyeEl) return;
+  var a = sel.zone === "fav" && favs.length ? byId(favs[sel.i]) : null;
+  eyeEl.textContent = a ? a.title : "";
+  eyeEl.hidden = !a;
+}
+
+function renderList() {
+  var q = (query || "").trim();
+  var arr = filterActions(ACTIONS, query);
+  if (sel.zone === "list")
+    sel.i = Math.max(0, Math.min(sel.i, arr.length - 1));
+  listEl.innerHTML = "";
+  // why: search-first - the list stays blank until the user types; only a
+  // non-empty query with zero hits earns the "No actions match" message.
+  if (!shouldRenderActionList(query)) {
+    listEl.className = "dial-list empty";
+    if (countEl) countEl.hidden = true;
+    return;
+  }
+  listEl.className = "dial-list" + (!arr.length ? " empty" : "");
+  if (!arr.length) {
+    if (countEl) countEl.hidden = true;
+    var empty = document.createElement("div");
+    empty.className = "dial-empty";
+    empty.textContent = "No actions match (Total: " + ACTIONS.length + ")";
+    listEl.appendChild(empty);
+    return;
+  }
+  if (countEl) {
+    countEl.hidden = false;
+    countEl.textContent = resultCountText(ACTIONS.length, arr.length, query);
+  }
+  arr.forEach(function (a, i) {
+    var on = FAVS.indexOf(a.id) !== -1;
+    var row = document.createElement("div");
+    row.className = "row" + (sel.zone === "list" && sel.i === i ? " sel" : "");
+    row.setAttribute("aria-label", actionLabel(a, ACTIONS));
+
+    var tile = document.createElement("div");
+    tile.className = "tile";
+    tile.style.setProperty("--h", hue(a.id));
+    tile.textContent = tileCode(a, ACTIONS);
+
+    var left = document.createElement("div");
+    left.className = "row-left";
+    var mi = matchIndex[a.id];
+    var sourceEl = markedText("row-eyebrow", a.source, mi ? mi.source : null);
+    var line = document.createElement("div");
+    line.className = "row-line";
+    var name = markedText("row-name", a.title, mi ? mi.title : null);
+    line.appendChild(name);
+    if (a.shortcut) {
+      var sc = document.createElement("div");
+      sc.className = "row-sc";
+      a.shortcut.split("+").forEach(function (k) {
+        var key = document.createElement("kbd");
+        key.textContent = k;
+        sc.appendChild(key);
+      });
+      line.appendChild(sc);
+    }
+    left.appendChild(sourceEl);
+    left.appendChild(line);
+    row.appendChild(tile);
+    row.appendChild(left);
+
+    var star = document.createElement("button");
+    star.className = "star" + (on ? " on" : "");
+    star.innerHTML = starSvg(on);
+    star.title = on ? "Unpin from favourites" : "Pin to favourites";
+    star.onclick = function (ev) { ev.stopPropagation(); toggleFav(a.id); };
+    // why: two quick fav/unfav clicks must not dblclick-run the row
+    star.ondblclick = function (ev) { ev.stopPropagation(); };
+    row.appendChild(star);
+
+    row.onclick = function () { sel = { zone: "list", i: i }; render(); };
+    row.ondblclick = function () { sel = { zone: "list", i: i }; run(a); };
+    listEl.appendChild(row);
+  });
+}
+
+function render(opts) {
+  renderFav();
+  renderList();
+  scrollSelectedIntoView();
+  if (opts && opts.resetScroll)
+    resetScrollPositions(listEl, document);
+  if (opts && opts.resize)
+    requestResize();
+}
+
+// Keep the selected item in view as arrows move it: the list scrolls vertically, the fav bar
+// horizontally (arrow nav "pushes" the scrollable fav row to follow the selection).
+function scrollSelectedIntoView() {
+  var el = null;
+  if (sel.zone === "list" && listEl)
+    el = listEl.querySelector(".row.sel");
+  else if (sel.zone === "fav" && favEl)
+    el = favEl.querySelector(".fav-tile.sel");
+  if (el && el.scrollIntoView)
+    el.scrollIntoView({ block: "nearest", inline: "nearest" });
+}
+
+function requestResize() {
+  if (!document.body)
+    return;
+  setTimeout(function () {
+    var launcher = document.querySelector(".launcher");
+    if (!launcher)
+      return;
+    var height = Math.ceil(launcher.getBoundingClientRect().height);
+    if (!height || height === lastResizeHeight)
+      return;
+    lastResizeHeight = height;
+    SendMessage({ command: "resize", height: height });
+  }, 0);
+}
+
+// ---- actions -----------------------------------------------------------------
+function toggleFav(id) {
+  var k = FAVS.indexOf(id);
+  var newState = k === -1;
+  if (newState) FAVS.push(id); else FAVS.splice(k, 1);
+  SendMessage({ command: "toggle_favourite", id: id, fav: newState });
+  render({ resize: true });
+}
+
+// Fire the action; C++ owns the run-confirm (native dialog) + suppression, then closes the popup + toasts.
+function run(a) {
+  if (!a) return;
+  SendMessage({ command: "run_action", id: a.id, title: a.title });
+}
+
+function runSelected() {
+  var id = selectedActionId(sel, filterActions(ACTIONS, query), currentVisibleFavs(), query);
+  if (id) run(byId(id));
+}
+
+function focusInput() { setTimeout(function () { qEl.focus(); }, 0); }
+
+// ---- init --------------------------------------------------------------------
+function OnInit() {
+  qEl = $("q"); listEl = $("list"); favEl = $("favBar"); clearEl = $("clear"); eyeEl = $("favEyebrow"); countEl = $("count");
+  syncClearButton();
+
+  $("clear").onclick = function () {
+    query = ""; qEl.value = ""; sel = { zone: "list", i: 0 }; render({ resize: true, resetScroll: true }); qEl.focus();
+    syncClearButton();
+  };
+  qEl.addEventListener("input", function () {
+    query = qEl.value; sel = { zone: "list", i: 0 }; syncClearButton(); render({ resize: true, resetScroll: true });
+  });
+
+  // why: dismiss the fav context menu on any click/scroll away from it (capture scroll to catch nested scrollers).
+  document.addEventListener("click", hideFavMenu);
+  document.addEventListener("scroll", hideFavMenu, true);
+
+  document.addEventListener("keydown", function (e) {
+    if (favMenuEl && !favMenuEl.hidden && e.key === "Escape") { e.preventDefault(); hideFavMenu(); return; }
+    var arr = filterActions(ACTIONS, query);
+    var favs = currentVisibleFavs();
+    // why: Up/Down always navigate; Left/Right only navigate the fav bar. In the list zone,
+    //      let Left/Right fall through so they move the caret in the focused search field.
+    var lr = e.key === "ArrowLeft" || e.key === "ArrowRight";
+    if (e.key === "ArrowDown" || e.key === "ArrowUp" || (lr && sel.zone === "fav")) {
+      e.preventDefault();
+      sel = nextSel(sel, e.key, arr.length, favs.length);
+      // why: entering/leaving the fav zone toggles the eyebrow line, changing launcher height;
+      // resize so the popup grows/shrinks instead of clipping. requestResize no-ops when unchanged.
+      render({ resize: true });
+    } else if (e.key === "Enter") {
+      e.preventDefault();
+      runSelected();
+    } else if (e.key === "Escape") {
+      e.preventDefault();
+      if (query) { query = ""; qEl.value = ""; sel = { zone: "list", i: 0 }; syncClearButton(); render({ resize: true, resetScroll: true }); }
+      else SendMessage({ command: "close_page" });
+    }
+  });
+
+  SendMessage({ command: "request_actions" });
+}

resources/web/dialog/SpeedDial/speeddial.test.js

@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+// Regression tests for the DOM-free Speed Dial helpers.
+// Run: node resources/web/dialog/SpeedDial/speeddial.test.js
+const assert = require("assert");
+const fs = require("fs");
+const vm = require("vm");
+
+const ctx = {};
+ctx.window = ctx;
+vm.createContext(ctx);
+vm.runInContext(fs.readFileSync(__dirname + "/../../js/fuzzy-search.js", "utf8"), ctx);
+vm.runInContext(fs.readFileSync(__dirname + "/speeddial.js", "utf8"), ctx);
+
+assert.equal(typeof ctx.parseId, "undefined", "opaque action ids must never be parsed");
+
+const duplicateActions = [
+  { id: "0123456789abcdef", title: "Repair", source: "Mesh Tools" },
+  { id: "fedcba9876543210", title: "Repair", source: "Mesh Tools" }
+];
+assert.equal(
+  ctx.actionLabel(duplicateActions[0], duplicateActions),
+  "Repair from Mesh Tools (0123456789abcdef)",
+  "duplicate labels should use the opaque id without interpreting its contents"
+);
+
+assert.equal(ctx.shouldRenderActionList(""), false, "an empty search keeps the action list hidden");
+assert.equal(ctx.shouldRenderActionList("  "), false, "whitespace-only search keeps the action list hidden");
+assert.equal(ctx.shouldRenderActionList("r"), true, "typing starts rendering matching actions");
+
+assert.equal(
+  ctx.selectedActionId({ zone: "list", i: 0 }, duplicateActions, [], ""),
+  null,
+  "Enter with an empty query must not resolve to an action the blank list never showed"
+);
+assert.equal(
+  ctx.selectedActionId({ zone: "list", i: 0 }, duplicateActions, [], "rep"),
+  "0123456789abcdef",
+  "a typed query resolves the list selection"
+);
+assert.equal(
+  ctx.selectedActionId({ zone: "fav", i: 0 }, duplicateActions, ["fedcba9876543210"], ""),
+  "fedcba9876543210",
+  "favourites stay runnable with an empty query - the fav bar is always visible"
+);
+
+console.log("ok");

resources/web/dialog/SpeedDial/style.css

@@ -0,0 +1,225 @@
+* { box-sizing: border-box; }
+html, body { margin: 0; }
+body {
+  font-family: var(--orca-font, "Segoe UI", sans-serif);
+  font-size: 13px;
+  color: var(--text, var(--orca-fg, #1b1c1e));
+  background: var(--bg, var(--orca-bg, #fff));
+  overflow: hidden;
+  user-select: none;
+}
+.launcher {
+  display: flex;
+  flex-direction: column;
+  background: var(--panel, var(--orca-bg, #fff));
+  border: 1px solid var(--border, var(--orca-border, #ddd));
+  overflow: hidden;
+  /* why: no height cap here - the launcher reports its true natural height to C++, which
+     sizes the popup to match (HTML is source of truth). The list's own max-height is what
+     bounds growth; capping the launcher would make the measurement circular. */
+}
+.fav-bar {
+  flex: 0 0 auto;
+  display: flex;
+  align-items: center;
+  gap: 8px;
+  padding: 9px 10px;
+  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border, var(--orca-border, #ddd));
+  overflow-x: auto;        /* scroll horizontally once favourites overflow the row */
+  scrollbar-width: thin;
+  /* why: keep scrollIntoView (arrow-nav) from scrolling the first/last tile flush to the edge,
+     which would clip its selected outline. Matches the 10px horizontal padding. */
+  scroll-padding-inline: 10px;
+}
+.fav-bar[hidden] { display: none; }
+/* Name of the selected favourite, above the bar; left-aligned to the tiles' 10px inset. */
+.fav-eyebrow { flex: 0 0 auto; padding: 8px 10px 0; }
+.fav-tile {
+  flex: 0 0 auto;          /* keep tiles full-size; don't shrink to fit - scroll instead */
+  width: 30px;
+  height: 30px;
+  border: 0;
+  border-radius: 8px;
+  cursor: pointer;
+  color: hsl(var(--h) var(--speed-tile-text-s, 72%) var(--speed-tile-text-l, 38%));
+  font-weight: 700;
+  /* why: mirror .tile centering - tileCode can be 2-3 chars (e.g. "EA1") on collision, and a
+     bare <button> inherits 13px + UA padding, clipping the code (e.g. "AE1"). inline-flex + 12px + pad:0 fits it. */
+  font-size: 12px;
+  padding: 0;
+  display: inline-flex;
+  align-items: center;
+  justify-content: center;
+  overflow: hidden;
+  background: var(--speed-tile-bg, #f0f0f0);
+  border: 1px solid var(--speed-tile-border, #d8d8d8);
+}
+.fav-tile.sel { outline: 2px solid var(--main-color, var(--orca-accent, #009688)); outline-offset: 2px; }
+.ctx-menu {
+  position: fixed;
+  z-index: 10;
+  min-width: 120px;
+  padding: 4px;
+  background: var(--panel, var(--orca-bg, #fff));
+  border: 1px solid var(--border, var(--orca-border, #ddd));
+  border-radius: 7px;
+  box-shadow: 0 4px 16px rgba(0,0,0,.18);
+}
+.ctx-menu[hidden] { display: none; }
+.ctx-item {
+  display: block;
+  width: 100%;
+  padding: 6px 10px;
+  border: 0;
+  border-radius: 5px;
+  background: transparent;
+  color: var(--text, var(--orca-fg, #1b1c1e));
+  font: inherit;
+  text-align: left;
+  cursor: pointer;
+}
+.ctx-item:hover { background: var(--row-hover, rgba(127,127,127,.16)); }
+.ctx-item:disabled { opacity: .4; cursor: default; }
+.ctx-item:disabled:hover { background: transparent; }
+.dial-head { flex: 0 0 auto; padding: 8px; }
+.plugin-search {
+  display: flex;
+  align-items: center;
+  gap: 4px;
+  height: 30px;
+  padding: 0 8px;
+  background: var(--panel, var(--orca-bg, #fff));
+  border: 1px solid var(--border, var(--orca-border, #ddd));
+  border-radius: 7px;
+}
+.plugin-search:focus-within {
+  border-color: var(--main-color, var(--orca-accent, #009688));
+  box-shadow: 0 0 0 2px rgba(0,150,136,.25);
+}
+.plugin-search-icon { display: inline-flex; color: var(--muted, var(--orca-muted, #6b7280)); }
+.plugin-search-input {
+  flex: 1;
+  min-width: 0;
+  background: transparent;
+  border: 0;
+  outline: 0;
+  color: var(--text, var(--orca-fg, #1b1c1e));
+  font: inherit;
+}
+.plugin-search-clear {
+  display: inline-flex;
+  align-items: center;
+  justify-content: center;
+  width: 12px;
+  height: 12px;
+  padding: 0;
+  border: 0;
+  border-radius: 50%;
+  color: var(--muted, var(--orca-muted, #6b7280));
+  cursor: pointer;
+  background: rgba(127,127,127,.20);
+}
+.plugin-search-clear[hidden] { display: none; }
+.dial-count {
+  padding: 4px 4px 0;
+  text-align: left;
+  font-size: 11px;
+  color: var(--muted, var(--orca-muted, #6b7280));
+}
+.dial-count[hidden] { display: none; }
+.dial-list {
+  flex: 0 1 auto;
+  min-height: 0;
+  /* ADJUST HEIGHT HERE. The popup auto-resizes to the content (HTML is the source of truth), so
+     this list cap drives the whole window height: --rows full rows + a ~30% peek of the next row
+     as a "scroll for more" affordance. Bump --rows to show more rows; change 0.3 for a bigger/
+     smaller peek. --row-h MUST match .row min-height (44px). */
+  --row-h: 44px;
+  --rows: 5;
+  max-height: calc(var(--rows) * var(--row-h) + 0.3 * var(--row-h) + 4px);
+  overflow-y: auto;
+  padding: 4px 4px 6px;
+  scrollbar-width: thin;
+}
+.dial-list.empty { overflow-y: hidden; }
+.row {
+  display: flex;
+  align-items: center;
+  gap: 10px;
+  min-height: 44px;
+  padding: 6px 8px;
+  border-radius: 7px;
+  cursor: pointer;
+}
+.row:hover { background: var(--row-hover, rgba(127,127,127,.16)); }
+.row.sel { background: var(--row-selected, rgba(0,150,136,.18)); }
+.tile {
+  flex: 0 0 auto;
+  width: 26px;
+  height: 26px;
+  border-radius: 6px;
+  color: hsl(var(--h) var(--speed-tile-text-s, 72%) var(--speed-tile-text-l, 38%));
+  font-weight: 700;
+  font-size: 12px;
+  display: inline-flex;
+  align-items: center;
+  justify-content: center;
+  background: var(--speed-tile-bg, #f0f0f0);
+  border: 1px solid var(--speed-tile-border, #d8d8d8);
+}
+.row-left { flex: 1 1 auto; min-width: 0; display: flex; flex-direction: column; }
+.row-eyebrow {
+  font-size: 10px;
+  line-height: 1.3;
+  color: var(--muted, var(--orca-muted, #6b7280));
+  opacity: .85;
+  overflow: hidden;
+  text-overflow: ellipsis;
+  white-space: nowrap;
+}
+.row-line { display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 7px; min-width: 0; }
+.row-name { min-width: 0; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap; }
+.row-name mark, .row-eyebrow mark { background: var(--plugin-status-warn-bg); color: var(--plugin-status-warn); border-radius: 2px; }
+.row-sc { flex: 0 0 auto; display: inline-flex; gap: 3px; }
+kbd {
+  display: inline-flex;
+  align-items: center;
+  justify-content: center;
+  min-width: 18px;
+  height: 18px;
+  padding: 0 5px;
+  font-family: ui-monospace, "Cascadia Mono", Consolas, monospace;
+  font-size: 11px;
+  color: var(--muted, var(--orca-muted, #6b7280));
+  background: rgba(127,127,127,.12);
+  border: 1px solid var(--border, var(--orca-border, #ddd));
+  border-radius: 4px;
+}
+.star {
+  flex: 0 0 auto;
+  width: 24px;
+  height: 24px;
+  border: 0;
+  border-radius: 5px;
+  background: transparent;
+  color: var(--muted, var(--orca-muted, #6b7280));
+  cursor: pointer;
+  display: inline-flex;
+  align-items: center;
+  justify-content: center;
+  opacity: 0;
+}
+.star svg { display: block; }
+.row:hover .star:not(.on),
+.row.sel .star:not(.on) { opacity: .5; }
+.star.on { opacity: 1; color: var(--main-color, var(--orca-accent, #009688)); }
+.star:hover { background: rgba(127,127,127,.18); }
+.dial-empty {
+  min-height: 64px;
+  padding: 18px 10px;
+  display: flex;
+  align-items: center;
+  justify-content: center;
+  color: var(--muted, var(--orca-muted, #6b7280));
+  text-align: center;
+}

resources/web/dialog/TerminalDialog/index.html

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+<!doctype html>
+<html lang="en">
+<head>
+  <meta charset="UTF-8" />
+  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" />
+  <title>Terminal</title>
+  <link rel="stylesheet" href="../../include/xterm/xterm.css" />
+  <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../../include/global.css" />
+  <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../css/common.css" />
+  <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../css/theme.css" />
+  <link rel="stylesheet" href="./styles.css" />
+  <script type="text/javascript" src="../js/jquery-3.6.0.min.js"></script>
+  <script type="text/javascript" src="../js/json2.js"></script>
+  <script type="text/javascript" src="../../data/text.js"></script>
+  <script type="text/javascript" src="../js/globalapi.js"></script>
+  <script type="text/javascript" src="../../include/xterm/xterm.js"></script>
+  <script type="text/javascript" src="../../include/xterm/xterm-addon-fit.js"></script>
+  <script src="./index.js"></script>
+</head>
+<body onLoad="OnInit()">
+  <div class="app">
+    <div id="terminal-container"></div>
+    <div class="input-row">
+      <input type="text" id="cmd-input" placeholder="python ... or uv ..." />
+      <button id="run-btn">Run</button>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+</body>
+</html>

resources/web/dialog/TerminalDialog/index.js

@@ -0,0 +1,141 @@
+let term = null;
+let fitAddon = null;
+
+// ANSI palettes for the xterm theme — the standard VS Code dark/light sets, picked by
+// data-orca-theme. Constant data, so defined once at module scope.
+const ANSI_DARK = {
+  black:"#000000", red:"#cd3131", green:"#0dbc79", yellow:"#e5e510", blue:"#2472c8",
+  magenta:"#bc3fbc", cyan:"#11a8cd", white:"#e5e5e5",
+  brightBlack:"#666666", brightRed:"#f14c4c", brightGreen:"#23d18b", brightYellow:"#f5f543",
+  brightBlue:"#3b8eea", brightMagenta:"#d670d6", brightCyan:"#29b8db", brightWhite:"#ffffff"
+};
+const ANSI_LIGHT = {
+  black:"#000000", red:"#cd3131", green:"#107c10", yellow:"#949800", blue:"#0451a5",
+  magenta:"#bc05bc", cyan:"#0598bc", white:"#555555",
+  brightBlack:"#8a8a8a", brightRed:"#cd3131", brightGreen:"#14ce14", brightYellow:"#b5ba00",
+  brightBlue:"#0451a5", brightMagenta:"#bc05bc", brightCyan:"#0598bc", brightWhite:"#a5a5a5"
+};
+
+// The xterm.js theme is a plain JS object (it cannot read CSS variables), so build it
+// from the host contract: background/foreground come from the injected --orca-* colors;
+// the ANSI palette is the fixed light or dark set chosen by data-orca-theme.
+function XtermTheme() {
+  var cs = getComputedStyle(document.documentElement);
+  var bg = (cs.getPropertyValue('--orca-bg') || '#1e1e1e').trim();
+  var fg = (cs.getPropertyValue('--orca-fg') || '#d4d4d4').trim();
+  var dark = document.documentElement.getAttribute('data-orca-theme') !== 'light';
+  return Object.assign({ background: bg, foreground: fg, cursor: fg }, dark ? ANSI_DARK : ANSI_LIGHT);
+}
+
+// Re-apply the xterm theme when the host flips data-orca-theme (live re-theme).
+function WatchXtermTheme() {
+  var obs = new MutationObserver(function () {
+    if (term) term.options.theme = XtermTheme();
+  });
+  obs.observe(document.documentElement, { attributes: true, attributeFilter: ['data-orca-theme'] });
+}
+
+function OnInit() {
+  if (typeof TranslatePage === "function")
+    TranslatePage();
+
+  term = new Terminal({
+    cursorBlink: true,
+    fontSize: 13,
+    fontFamily: '"Cascadia Code", "Fira Code", "JetBrains Mono", monospace',
+    theme: XtermTheme(),
+    allowProposedApi: true
+  });
+
+  WatchXtermTheme();
+
+  fitAddon = new (FitAddon.FitAddon || FitAddon)();
+  term.loadAddon(fitAddon);
+
+  term.open(document.getElementById("terminal-container"));
+  fitAddon.fit();
+
+  // Focus the terminal so it captures keyboard input
+  term.focus();
+
+  // Re-focus terminal when user clicks on it
+  term.element.addEventListener("click", () => term.focus());
+
+  window.addEventListener("resize", () => fitAddon.fit());
+
+  // Send keystrokes to C++
+  term.onData((data) => {
+    SendWXMessage(JSON.stringify({
+      command: "write_stdin",
+      data: data
+    }));
+  });
+
+  document.getElementById("run-btn").addEventListener("click", onRun);
+  document.getElementById("cmd-input").addEventListener("keydown", (e) => {
+    if (e.key === "Enter")
+      onRun();
+  });
+
+  term.writeln("Plugin terminal ready.");
+}
+
+function onRun() {
+  const input = document.getElementById("cmd-input");
+  const cmd = input.value.trim();
+  if (!cmd)
+    return;
+
+  input.value = "";
+
+  term.writeln("$ " + cmd);
+
+  setRunning(true);
+
+  SendWXMessage(JSON.stringify({
+    command: "run_command",
+    cmd: cmd
+  }));
+}
+
+function setRunning(running) {
+  document.getElementById("run-btn").disabled = running;
+  document.getElementById("cmd-input").disabled = running;
+}
+
+function HandleStudio(value) {
+  const payload = (typeof value === "string") ? SafeJsonParse(value) : value;
+  if (!payload || typeof payload !== "object")
+    return;
+
+  switch (payload.command) {
+    case "output":
+      if (payload.lines && Array.isArray(payload.lines)) {
+        payload.lines.forEach((line) => {
+          if (line.is_stderr)
+            term.writeln("\x1b[91m" + line.text + "\x1b[0m");
+          else
+            term.writeln(line.text);
+        });
+      }
+      break;
+
+    case "process_done":
+      setRunning(false);
+      term.writeln("\x1b[90mProcess exited with code: " + payload.exit_code + "\x1b[0m");
+      break;
+
+    case "process_error":
+      setRunning(false);
+      term.writeln("\x1b[91m" + payload.message + "\x1b[0m");
+      break;
+  }
+}
+
+function SafeJsonParse(value) {
+  try {
+    return JSON.parse(value);
+  } catch (e) {
+    return null;
+  }
+}

resources/web/dialog/TerminalDialog/styles.css

@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+* {
+  margin: 0;
+  padding: 0;
+  box-sizing: border-box;
+}
+
+html, body {
+  height: 100%;
+  overflow: hidden;
+  background: var(--bg);
+  color: var(--text);
+}
+
+.app {
+  display: flex;
+  flex-direction: column;
+  height: 100%;
+  padding: 8px;
+}
+
+#terminal-container {
+  flex: 1;
+  border-radius: 4px;
+  overflow: hidden;
+}
+
+#terminal-container,
+#terminal-container .xterm,
+#terminal-container .xterm * {
+  font-family: "Cascadia Code", "Fira Code", "JetBrains Mono", monospace;
+  letter-spacing: 0;
+  word-spacing: 0;
+}
+
+.input-row {
+  display: flex;
+  gap: 8px;
+  margin-top: 8px;
+}
+
+#cmd-input {
+  flex: 1;
+  padding: 6px 10px;
+  border: 1px solid var(--border);
+  border-radius: 4px;
+  background: var(--bg);
+  color: var(--text);
+  font-family: inherit;
+  font-size: 13px;
+  outline: none;
+}
+
+#cmd-input:focus {
+  border-color: var(--orca-accent);
+}
+
+#run-btn {
+  padding: 6px 20px;
+  border: none;
+  border-radius: 4px;
+  background: var(--orca-accent);
+  color: var(--orca-accent-fg);
+  font-size: 13px;
+  cursor: pointer;
+}
+
+#run-btn:hover {
+  filter: brightness(1.1);
+}
+
+#run-btn:disabled {
+  opacity: .5;
+  cursor: not-allowed;
+}

resources/web/dialog/css/dark.css

@@ -1,100 +0,0 @@
-:root {
-  --bg: #1b1f24;
-  --panel: #242a31;
-  --border: #3a424d;
-  --border-strong: #3a424d;
-  --border-soft: #313843;
-  --col-sep: #3a424d;
-
-  --text: #e6ebf0;
-  --row-hover: #2b3340;
-  --row-selected: #244945;
-  --row-selected-outline: #00bfa5;
-
-  --footer-bg: #20262d;
-  --btn-bg: #2a313a;
-  --btn-border: #4b5664;
-  --btn-hover: #333c47;
-
-  --ctx-bg: #2a313a;
-  --ctx-border: #4b5664;
-  --ctx-hover: #3a4451;
-}
-
-*
-{
-	color: #efeff0;
-	border-color: #B9B9BC;
-}
-
-body
-{
-	background-color:#2D2D31; /* ORCA match background color */
-	color: #efeff0;
-}
-
-.ZScrol::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb {/*滚动条里面小方块*/
-    background-color: #939594;
-}
-
-.ZScrol::-webkit-scrollbar-track {/*滚动条里面轨道*/
-        background: #161817;
-}
-
-#Title div
-{
-	color: #009688;
-}
-
-.search>input[type=text]{
-	background-color:#2D2D31;
-}
-
-/*---Checkboxes ORCA---*/
-input[type=checkbox]{
-	background-color:#2D2D31;
-	border-color:#4A4A51;
-}
-
-input[type=checkbox]:checked{
-	background-color:#009688;
-}
-
-/*-------Text------*/
-
-.TextS1
-{
-
-}
-
-.TextS2
-{
-	color:#B9B9BC;
-}
-
-/*---Policy---*/
-.TextArea1
-{
-	background-color: #4A4A51;
-	color: #BEBEC0;
-}
-
-/*----Region---*/
-.RegionItem:hover
-{
-	background-color:#4C4C55;
-}
-
-.RegionSelected:hover
-{
-	background-color:#009688;
-	color: #fff;	
-}
-
-/*----Menu----*/
-#Title div.TitleUnselected
-{
-	color: #BEBEC0;
-}
-
-

resources/web/dialog/css/theme.css

@@ -0,0 +1,113 @@
+/* Shared theme for resources/web/dialog/* pages.
+ *
+ * App-matched roles are pulled from the host theme "contract" (:root{--orca-*}),
+ * injected from live C++ app colors by WebViewHostDialog. Web-only semantics (row
+ * selection, status/source badges, footer/button/context surfaces) have no native
+ * equivalent, so they are curated here for light and selected for dark by the
+ * [data-orca-theme="dark"] attribute the host sets — the single authoritative theme
+ * signal on all platforms (prefers-color-scheme is intentionally not used).
+ *
+ * This file is linked AFTER common.css so its element rules re-theme the shared chrome
+ * via variables (replacing the retired dark.css). It replaces each page's own :root
+ * palette and the dark.css <link>. */
+
+:root {
+  /* --- app-matched roles (from the injected contract) --- */
+  --bg: var(--orca-bg);
+  --panel: var(--orca-bg);
+  --text: var(--orca-fg);
+  --muted: var(--orca-muted);
+  --border: var(--orca-border);
+  --border-strong: var(--orca-border);
+  --border-soft: var(--orca-border);
+  --col-sep: var(--orca-border);
+  --row-selected-outline: var(--orca-accent);
+  --main-color: var(--orca-accent);
+  --main-color-hover: var(--orca-accent);
+  --plugin-link-text: var(--orca-accent);
+
+  /* --- web-only semantics: LIGHT --- */
+  --row-hover: #f7f9fb;
+  --row-selected: #eaf2ff;
+  --plugin-status-danger: #b42318;
+  --plugin-status-ok: #137333;
+  --plugin-status-warn: #a15c00;
+  --plugin-status-inactive: var(--muted);
+  --plugin-status-danger-bg: rgba(180, 35, 24, 0.12);
+  --plugin-status-ok-bg: rgba(19, 115, 51, 0.12);
+  --plugin-status-warn-bg: rgba(199, 122, 22, 0.12);
+  --plugin-status-inactive-bg: #edf1f5;
+  --plugin-status-inactive-text: #44505c;
+  --plugin-source-mine-bg: rgba(0, 137, 123, 0.12);
+  --plugin-source-mine-text: #00897b;
+  --plugin-source-neutral-bg: #edf1f5;
+  --plugin-source-neutral-text: #44505c;
+  --plugin-source-subscribed-bg: rgba(37, 99, 170, 0.12);
+  --plugin-source-subscribed-text: #2563aa;
+  --footer-bg: #fafafa;
+  --btn-bg: #ffffff;
+  --btn-border: #cccccc;
+  --btn-hover: #f0f0f0;
+  --ctx-bg: #ffffff;
+  --ctx-border: #cccccc;
+  --ctx-hover: #efefef;
+
+  /* Speed dial icon tile treatment */
+  --speed-tile-bg: #efefef;
+  --speed-tile-border: #d8d8d8;
+  --speed-tile-text-s: 74%;
+  --speed-tile-text-l: 34%;
+}
+
+:root[data-orca-theme="dark"] {
+  /* The app-injected border (var(--orca-border) ≈ #36363B in dark) sits almost on top of
+     the dark panels; lift the border roles a touch so dividers/outlines stay visible. */
+  --border: #4a4a51;
+  --border-strong: #4a4a51;
+  --border-soft: #4a4a51;
+  --col-sep: #4a4a51;
+  --row-hover: #2b3340;
+  --row-selected: #244945;
+  --plugin-link-text: #5eead4;
+  --plugin-status-danger: #ff7b72;
+  --plugin-status-ok: #37c871;
+  --plugin-status-warn: #f0b45a;
+  --plugin-status-inactive: #b9c0c8;
+  --plugin-status-danger-bg: rgba(255, 123, 114, 0.16);
+  --plugin-status-ok-bg: rgba(55, 200, 113, 0.16);
+  --plugin-status-warn-bg: rgba(240, 180, 90, 0.18);
+  --plugin-status-inactive-bg: #36363b;
+  --plugin-status-inactive-text: #c7ccd2;
+  --plugin-source-mine-bg: rgba(0, 150, 136, 0.18);
+  --plugin-source-mine-text: #8de5d6;
+  --plugin-source-neutral-bg: #36363b;
+  --plugin-source-neutral-text: #c7ccd2;
+  --plugin-source-subscribed-bg: rgba(88, 166, 255, 0.18);
+  --plugin-source-subscribed-text: #8fc0f0;
+  --footer-bg: #20262d;
+  --btn-bg: #2a313a;
+  --btn-border: #4b5664;
+  --btn-hover: #333c47;
+  --ctx-bg: #2a313a;
+  --ctx-border: #4b5664;
+  --ctx-hover: #3a4451;
+
+  /* Speed dial icon tile treatment */
+  --speed-tile-bg: #34343b;
+  --speed-tile-border: #50505a;
+  --speed-tile-text-s: 82%;
+  --speed-tile-text-l: 84%;
+}
+
+/* Re-theme the shared common.css chrome through variables (replaces dark.css's
+ * hardcoded element overrides). Placed after common.css in every page's <head>. */
+html { background: var(--bg); }
+body { background: var(--bg); color: var(--text); }
+#Content { color: var(--text); }
+#Title div, #Title div.TitleUnselected { color: var(--orca-accent); }
+.HyperLink { color: var(--orca-accent); }
+.ZScrol::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb { background-color: var(--border); }
+.ZScrol::-webkit-scrollbar-track { background: var(--bg); }
+input[type="checkbox"] { background-color: var(--bg); border-color: var(--border); }
+input[type="checkbox"]:checked { background-color: var(--orca-accent); border-color: var(--orca-accent); }
+input[type="checkbox"]::before { box-shadow: inset 1em 1em var(--orca-accent-fg); }

resources/web/dialog/js/globalapi.js

@@ -336,4 +336,4 @@ function ExecuteDarkMode( DarkCssPath )
 	}	
 }
 
-SwitchDarkMode( "../css/dark.css" );
+// Dialog pages are themed by the injected --orca-* contract + theme.css; the legacy dark.css poll is fully retired.

resources/web/include/xterm/xterm-addon-fit.js

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+/**
+ * Skipped minification because the original files appears to be already minified.
+ * Original file: /npm/@xterm/addon-fit@0.10.0/lib/addon-fit.js
+ *
+ * Do NOT use SRI with dynamically generated files! More information: https://www.jsdelivr.com/using-sri-with-dynamic-files
+ */
+!function(e,t){"object"==typeof exports&&"object"==typeof module?module.exports=t():"function"==typeof define&&define.amd?define([],t):"object"==typeof exports?exports.FitAddon=t():e.FitAddon=t()}(self,(()=>(()=>{"use strict";var e={};return(()=>{var t=e;Object.defineProperty(t,"__esModule",{value:!0}),t.FitAddon=void 0,t.FitAddon=class{activate(e){this._terminal=e}dispose(){}fit(){const e=this.proposeDimensions();if(!e||!this._terminal||isNaN(e.cols)||isNaN(e.rows))return;const t=this._terminal._core;this._terminal.rows===e.rows&&this._terminal.cols===e.cols||(t._renderService.clear(),this._terminal.resize(e.cols,e.rows))}proposeDimensions(){if(!this._terminal)return;if(!this._terminal.element||!this._terminal.element.parentElement)return;const e=this._terminal._core,t=e._renderService.dimensions;if(0===t.css.cell.width||0===t.css.cell.height)return;const r=0===this._terminal.options.scrollback?0:e.viewport.scrollBarWidth,i=window.getComputedStyle(this._terminal.element.parentElement),o=parseInt(i.getPropertyValue("height")),s=Math.max(0,parseInt(i.getPropertyValue("width"))),n=window.getComputedStyle(this._terminal.element),l=o-(parseInt(n.getPropertyValue("padding-top"))+parseInt(n.getPropertyValue("padding-bottom"))),a=s-(parseInt(n.getPropertyValue("padding-right"))+parseInt(n.getPropertyValue("padding-left")))-r;return{cols:Math.max(2,Math.floor(a/t.css.cell.width)),rows:Math.max(1,Math.floor(l/t.css.cell.height))}}}})(),e})()));
+//# sourceMappingURL=addon-fit.js.map

resources/web/include/xterm/xterm.css

@@ -0,0 +1,218 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2014 The xterm.js authors. All rights reserved.
+ * Copyright (c) 2012-2013, Christopher Jeffrey (MIT License)
+ * https://github.com/chjj/term.js
+ * @license MIT
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+ * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+ * THE SOFTWARE.
+ *
+ * Originally forked from (with the author's permission):
+ *   Fabrice Bellard's javascript vt100 for jslinux:
+ *   http://bellard.org/jslinux/
+ *   Copyright (c) 2011 Fabrice Bellard
+ *   The original design remains. The terminal itself
+ *   has been extended to include xterm CSI codes, among
+ *   other features.
+ */
+
+/**
+ *  Default styles for xterm.js
+ */
+
+.xterm {
+    cursor: text;
+    position: relative;
+    user-select: none;
+    -ms-user-select: none;
+    -webkit-user-select: none;
+}
+
+.xterm.focus,
+.xterm:focus {
+    outline: none;
+}
+
+.xterm .xterm-helpers {
+    position: absolute;
+    top: 0;
+    /**
+     * The z-index of the helpers must be higher than the canvases in order for
+     * IMEs to appear on top.
+     */
+    z-index: 5;
+}
+
+.xterm .xterm-helper-textarea {
+    padding: 0;
+    border: 0;
+    margin: 0;
+    /* Move textarea out of the screen to the far left, so that the cursor is not visible */
+    position: absolute;
+    opacity: 0;
+    left: -9999em;
+    top: 0;
+    width: 0;
+    height: 0;
+    z-index: -5;
+    /** Prevent wrapping so the IME appears against the textarea at the correct position */
+    white-space: nowrap;
+    overflow: hidden;
+    resize: none;
+}
+
+.xterm .composition-view {
+    /* TODO: Composition position got messed up somewhere */
+    background: #000;
+    color: #FFF;
+    display: none;
+    position: absolute;
+    white-space: nowrap;
+    z-index: 1;
+}
+
+.xterm .composition-view.active {
+    display: block;
+}
+
+.xterm .xterm-viewport {
+    /* On OS X this is required in order for the scroll bar to appear fully opaque */
+    background-color: #000;
+    overflow-y: scroll;
+    cursor: default;
+    position: absolute;
+    right: 0;
+    left: 0;
+    top: 0;
+    bottom: 0;
+}
+
+.xterm .xterm-screen {
+    position: relative;
+}
+
+.xterm .xterm-screen canvas {
+    position: absolute;
+    left: 0;
+    top: 0;
+}
+
+.xterm .xterm-scroll-area {
+    visibility: hidden;
+}
+
+.xterm-char-measure-element {
+    display: inline-block;
+    visibility: hidden;
+    position: absolute;
+    top: 0;
+    left: -9999em;
+    line-height: normal;
+}
+
+.xterm.enable-mouse-events {
+    /* When mouse events are enabled (eg. tmux), revert to the standard pointer cursor */
+    cursor: default;
+}
+
+.xterm.xterm-cursor-pointer,
+.xterm .xterm-cursor-pointer {
+    cursor: pointer;
+}
+
+.xterm.column-select.focus {
+    /* Column selection mode */
+    cursor: crosshair;
+}
+
+.xterm .xterm-accessibility:not(.debug),
+.xterm .xterm-message {
+    position: absolute;
+    left: 0;
+    top: 0;
+    bottom: 0;
+    right: 0;
+    z-index: 10;
+    color: transparent;
+    pointer-events: none;
+}
+
+.xterm .xterm-accessibility-tree:not(.debug) *::selection {
+  color: transparent;
+}
+
+.xterm .xterm-accessibility-tree {
+  user-select: text;
+  white-space: pre;
+}
+
+.xterm .live-region {
+    position: absolute;
+    left: -9999px;
+    width: 1px;
+    height: 1px;
+    overflow: hidden;
+}
+
+.xterm-dim {
+    /* Dim should not apply to background, so the opacity of the foreground color is applied
+     * explicitly in the generated class and reset to 1 here */
+    opacity: 1 !important;
+}
+
+.xterm-underline-1 { text-decoration: underline; }
+.xterm-underline-2 { text-decoration: double underline; }
+.xterm-underline-3 { text-decoration: wavy underline; }
+.xterm-underline-4 { text-decoration: dotted underline; }
+.xterm-underline-5 { text-decoration: dashed underline; }
+
+.xterm-overline {
+    text-decoration: overline;
+}
+
+.xterm-overline.xterm-underline-1 { text-decoration: overline underline; }
+.xterm-overline.xterm-underline-2 { text-decoration: overline double underline; }
+.xterm-overline.xterm-underline-3 { text-decoration: overline wavy underline; }
+.xterm-overline.xterm-underline-4 { text-decoration: overline dotted underline; }
+.xterm-overline.xterm-underline-5 { text-decoration: overline dashed underline; }
+
+.xterm-strikethrough {
+    text-decoration: line-through;
+}
+
+.xterm-screen .xterm-decoration-container .xterm-decoration {
+	z-index: 6;
+	position: absolute;
+}
+
+.xterm-screen .xterm-decoration-container .xterm-decoration.xterm-decoration-top-layer {
+	z-index: 7;
+}
+
+.xterm-decoration-overview-ruler {
+    z-index: 8;
+    position: absolute;
+    top: 0;
+    right: 0;
+    pointer-events: none;
+}
+
+.xterm-decoration-top {
+    z-index: 2;
+    position: relative;
+}

resources/web/js/fuzzy-search.js

@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+// Shared fuzzy-search core for the webview dialogs (Plugins dialog, Speed Dial popup).
+// why: both pages carried their own copy of this matcher and had already drifted; one source of truth.
+// note: keep this DOM-free and plain global-scope (no export/module) - it is loaded by <script src> in
+//       each page AND by a node vm.runInContext in the speed-dial logic test. It MUST be loaded before
+//       the page script that calls it.
+
+// Fold per-character so matched offsets stay in ORIGINAL string coordinates (highlighting slices the
+// original text; a separately-folded string would desync offsets).
+function FoldChar(ch) {
+  return ch.normalize("NFD").replace(/\p{Diacritic}/gu, ""); // accents always folded
+}
+
+function Norm(ch, caseSensitive) {
+  const folded = FoldChar(ch);
+  return caseSensitive ? folded : folded.toLowerCase(); // case-sensitivity is the only toggle
+}
+
+function EscapeRegExp(value) {
+  return value.replace(/[.*+?^${}()|[\]\\]/g, "\\$&");
+}
+
+// Fuzzy: ordered subsequence. Builds ranges in original coordinates, merging adjacent runs on the fly.
+function FuzzyRanges(text, query, caseSensitive) {
+  const t = text || "";
+  const needle = Array.from(query || "").map((ch) => Norm(ch, caseSensitive)).join("");
+  if (!needle)
+    return null;
+  const ranges = [];
+  let qi = 0;
+  for (let i = 0; i < t.length && qi < needle.length; i++) {
+    if (Norm(t[i], caseSensitive) === needle[qi]) {
+      const last = ranges[ranges.length - 1];
+      if (last && last[1] === i)
+        last[1] = i + 1;
+      else
+        ranges.push([i, i + 1]);
+      qi++;
+    }
+  }
+  return qi === needle.length ? ranges : null;
+}
+
+// Whole word: literal \b-bounded match that bypasses fuzzy. The per-char fold keeps the haystack
+// length-aligned to the original text, so regex indices map straight back to original offsets.
+// note: one-to-many folds (ligatures, eszett) shift offsets by a char; rare in names, cosmetic only.
+function WholeWordRanges(text, query, caseSensitive) {
+  const haystack = Array.from(text || "").map((ch) => Norm(ch, caseSensitive)).join("");
+  const needle = Array.from(query || "").map((ch) => Norm(ch, caseSensitive)).join("");
+  if (!needle)
+    return null;
+  const re = new RegExp(`\\b${EscapeRegExp(needle)}\\b`, "g");
+  const ranges = [];
+  let match;
+  // why: needle is non-empty, so \b-bounded matches are never zero-length - no empty-match guard needed.
+  while ((match = re.exec(haystack)) !== null)
+    ranges.push([match.index, match.index + match[0].length]);
+  return ranges.length > 0 ? ranges : null;
+}

resources/web/js/fuzzy-search.test.js

@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+// Unit test for the shared fuzzy matcher. Run: node resources/web/js/fuzzy-search.test.js
+// why: fuzzy-search.js is plain global-scope (no exports, so a browser <script src> works) - load it into
+//      a vm context the same way the page and the speed-dial test do, then assert against the globals.
+const vm = require("vm"), assert = require("assert"), fs = require("fs");
+const ctx = {};
+vm.createContext(ctx);
+vm.runInContext(fs.readFileSync(__dirname + "/fuzzy-search.js", "utf8"), ctx);
+const { FoldChar, Norm, EscapeRegExp, FuzzyRanges, WholeWordRanges } = ctx;
+
+// FoldChar / Norm: accents fold, case only folds when case-insensitive.
+assert.equal(FoldChar("é"), "e");
+assert.equal(Norm("É", false), "e");
+assert.equal(Norm("É", true), "E");
+
+// FuzzyRanges: ordered subsequence, ranges in ORIGINAL coordinates, adjacent runs merged.
+assert.deepEqual(FuzzyRanges("Auto Arrange", "aa", false), [[0, 1], [5, 6]]);
+assert.deepEqual(FuzzyRanges("Measure", "eas", false), [[1, 4]]); // contiguous run merges to one range
+assert.equal(FuzzyRanges("Measure", "xyz", false), null);         // no subsequence -> null
+assert.equal(FuzzyRanges("Measure", "", false), null);            // empty query -> null
+
+// Accent-insensitive matching, offsets stay in the original (accented) string.
+assert.deepEqual(FuzzyRanges("Café", "cafe", false), [[0, 4]]);
+
+// Case sensitivity is the only toggle.
+assert.equal(FuzzyRanges("Measure", "MEAS", true), null);         // case-sensitive: no match
+assert.deepEqual(FuzzyRanges("Measure", "Meas", true), [[0, 4]]); // case-sensitive: matches exact case
+
+// WholeWordRanges: \b-bounded literal, bypasses fuzzy. Substring inside a word does NOT match.
+assert.deepEqual(WholeWordRanges("Auto Arrange", "arrange", false), [[5, 12]]);
+assert.equal(WholeWordRanges("Rearrange", "arrange", false), null); // not on a word boundary
+assert.deepEqual(WholeWordRanges("a.b", "a", false), [[0, 1]]);      // '.' is a boundary
+
+// EscapeRegExp: regex metachars in the query are treated literally by whole-word.
+assert.equal(EscapeRegExp("a.b*"), "a\\.b\\*");
+assert.deepEqual(WholeWordRanges("c++ tool", "c", false), [[0, 1]]); // '+' would be a regex error unescaped
+
+console.log("ok");