Put the UV orientation tests beside the projection tests

They were appended at the end of test_texture_displacement.cpp, where every other open texture-displacement branch also appends, so the four of them cannot be merged in any order without a conflict in a file none of them really disagree about. Same tests, moved next to the patch-frame test they belong with.
Fix texture projection UV orientation
2026-10-12 18:31:18 +00:00 · 2026-10-12 13:58:28 +02:00 · 2026-10-12 07:57:50 +02:00
35 changed files with 629 additions and 749 deletions
@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
-<svg width="28" height="27" viewBox="0 0 28 27" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
-<path transform="matrix(0.9 0 0 0.9 1.4 1.35)" d="M11.9888 2.01601C12.8984 0.494662 15.1024 0.494662 16.012 2.01601L18.8677 6.79237C19.1958 7.34113 19.7339 7.73201 20.3572 7.87447L25.7821 9.11446C27.5101 9.50943 28.1913 11.6056 27.0254 12.9408L23.3652 17.1327C22.9449 17.6143 22.7394 18.2469 22.7964 18.8836L23.2936 24.4263C23.4519 26.1918 21.6687 27.4873 20.0386 26.7911L14.9209 24.6056C14.3329 24.3545 13.6679 24.3545 13.0799 24.6056L7.96209 26.7911C6.33196 27.4873 4.54887 26.1918 4.70722 24.4263L5.20434 18.8836C5.26145 18.2469 5.05595 17.6143 4.63544 17.1327L0.97533 12.9408C-0.19048 11.6056 0.490599 9.50943 2.21859 9.11446L7.64364 7.87447C8.2669 7.73201 8.80494 7.34113 9.13302 6.79237L11.9888 2.01601Z" stroke="#949494" stroke-width="2.4" stroke-linejoin="round"/>
-</svg>
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
 	"name": "Qidi",
-	"version": "02.04.00.17",
+	"version": "02.04.00.16",
 	"force_update": "0",
 	"description": "Qidi configurations",
 	"machine_model_list": [
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@
 	"extruder_clearance_height_to_lid": "120",
 	"layer_change_gcode": ";BEFORE_LAYER_CHANGE\n;[layer_z]\nLOG_Z\nG92 E0\n",
 	"machine_end_gcode": "M141 S0\nM104 S0\nM140 S0\nG1 E-3 F1800\nG0 Z{min(max_print_height, max_layer_z + 3)} F600\nG0 X0 Y0 F12000\n{if max_layer_z < max_print_height / 2}G1 Z{max_print_height / 2 + 10} F600{else}G1 Z{min(max_print_height, max_layer_z + 3)}{endif}",
-	"machine_start_gcode": "PRINT_START BED=[bed_temperature_initial_layer_single] HOTEND=[nozzle_temperature_initial_layer] CHAMBER=[chamber_temperature]\nM83\nM140 S[bed_temperature_initial_layer_single]\nM104 S[nozzle_temperature_initial_layer]\nG4 P3000\nG0 X{max((min(print_bed_max[0], first_layer_print_min[0] + 80) - 85),0)} Y{max((min(print_bed_max[1] - 5, first_layer_print_min[1] + 80) - 85), 0)} Z5 F6000\nG0 Z[initial_layer_print_height] F600\nG1 E3 F1800\nG1 X{(min(print_bed_max[0], first_layer_print_min[0] + 80))} E{85 * 0.5 * initial_layer_print_height * nozzle_diameter[0]} F3000\nG1 Y{max((min(print_bed_max[1] - 5, first_layer_print_min[1] + 80) - 85), 0) + 2} E{2 * 0.5 * initial_layer_print_height * nozzle_diameter[0]} F3000\nG1 X{max((min(print_bed_max[0], first_layer_print_min[0] + 80) - 85), 0)} E{85 * 0.5 * initial_layer_print_height * nozzle_diameter[0]} F3000\nG1 Y{max((min(print_bed_max[1] - 5, first_layer_print_min[1] + 80) - 85), 0) + 85} E{83 * 0.5 * initial_layer_print_height * nozzle_diameter[0]} F3000\nG1 X{max((min(print_bed_max[0], first_layer_print_min[0] + 80) - 85), 0) + 2} E{2 * 0.5 * initial_layer_print_height * nozzle_diameter[0]} F3000\nG1 Y{max((min(print_bed_max[1] - 5, first_layer_print_min[1] + 80) - 85), 0) + 3} E{82 * 0.5 * initial_layer_print_height * nozzle_diameter[0]} F3000\nG1 X{max((min(print_bed_max[0], first_layer_print_min[0] + 80) - 85), 0) + 3} Z0\nG1 X{max((min(print_bed_max[0], first_layer_print_min[0] + 80) - 85), 0) + 6}\nG1 Z1 F600\n",
+	"machine_start_gcode": "PRINT_START BED=[hot_plate_temp_initial_layer] HOTEND=[nozzle_temperature_initial_layer] CHAMBER=[chamber_temperature]\nM83\nM140 S[hot_plate_temp_initial_layer]\nM104 S[nozzle_temperature_initial_layer]\nG4 P3000\nG0 X{max((min(print_bed_max[0], first_layer_print_min[0] + 80) - 85),0)} Y{max((min(print_bed_max[1] - 5, first_layer_print_min[1] + 80) - 85), 0)} Z5 F6000\nG0 Z[initial_layer_print_height] F600\nG1 E3 F1800\nG1 X{(min(print_bed_max[0], first_layer_print_min[0] + 80))} E{85 * 0.5 * initial_layer_print_height * nozzle_diameter[0]} F3000\nG1 Y{max((min(print_bed_max[1] - 5, first_layer_print_min[1] + 80) - 85), 0) + 2} E{2 * 0.5 * initial_layer_print_height * nozzle_diameter[0]} F3000\nG1 X{max((min(print_bed_max[0], first_layer_print_min[0] + 80) - 85), 0)} E{85 * 0.5 * initial_layer_print_height * nozzle_diameter[0]} F3000\nG1 Y{max((min(print_bed_max[1] - 5, first_layer_print_min[1] + 80) - 85), 0) + 85} E{83 * 0.5 * initial_layer_print_height * nozzle_diameter[0]} F3000\nG1 X{max((min(print_bed_max[0], first_layer_print_min[0] + 80) - 85), 0) + 2} E{2 * 0.5 * initial_layer_print_height * nozzle_diameter[0]} F3000\nG1 Y{max((min(print_bed_max[1] - 5, first_layer_print_min[1] + 80) - 85), 0) + 3} E{82 * 0.5 * initial_layer_print_height * nozzle_diameter[0]} F3000\nG1 X{max((min(print_bed_max[0], first_layer_print_min[0] + 80) - 85), 0) + 3} Z0\nG1 X{max((min(print_bed_max[0], first_layer_print_min[0] + 80) - 85), 0) + 6}\nG1 Z1 F600\n",
 	"thumbnails_format": "PNG",
 	"default_filament_profile": [
 		"Generic PLA @Qidi Q1 Pro 0.4 nozzle"
@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@
 	"default_filament_profile": [
 		"Generic PLA @Qidi"
 	],
-	"machine_start_gcode": "G28\nM140 S[bed_temperature_initial_layer_single]\nM190 S[bed_temperature_initial_layer_single]\nM109 S[nozzle_temperature_initial_layer]\nG92 E-19\nG0 Y5 Z0.3 F3600\nG1 X5 E0 F2400\n",
+	"machine_start_gcode": "G28\nM140 S[hot_plate_temp_initial_layer]\nM190 S[hot_plate_temp_initial_layer]\nM109 S[nozzle_temperature_initial_layer]\nG92 E-19\nG0 Y5 Z0.3 F3600\nG1 X5 E0 F2400\n",
 	"machine_end_gcode": "M104 S0\nM140 S0\n;Retract the filament\nG92 E0\nG1 E-3 F300\nG28\nM84\n",
 	"scan_first_layer": "0"
 }
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@
 		"210x210/COLPIC",
 		"110x110/PNG"
 	],
-	"machine_start_gcode": "PRINT_START\nG28\nM141 S0\nG0 Z50 F600\nM190 S[bed_temperature_initial_layer_single]\nG28 Z\nG29; mesh bed leveling ,comment this code to close it\nG0 X0 Y0 Z50 F6000\nM141 S{overall_chamber_temperature}\nM109 S[nozzle_temperature_initial_layer]\nM106 P3 S255\nM83\nG4 P3000\nG0 X{max((min(print_bed_max[0], first_layer_print_min[0] + 80) - 85),0)} Y{max((min(print_bed_max[1], first_layer_print_min[1] + 80) - 85),0)} Z5 F6000\nG0 Z[initial_layer_print_height] F600\nG1 E3 F1800\nG1 X{(min(print_bed_max[0], first_layer_print_min[0] + 80))} E{85 * 0.5 * initial_layer_print_height * nozzle_diameter[0]} F3000\nG1 Y{max((min(print_bed_max[1], first_layer_print_min[1] + 80) - 85),0) + 2} E{2 * 0.5 * initial_layer_print_height * nozzle_diameter[0]} F3000\nG1 X{max((min(print_bed_max[0], first_layer_print_min[0] + 80) - 85),0)} E{85 * 0.5 * initial_layer_print_height * nozzle_diameter[0]} F3000\nG1 Y{max((min(print_bed_max[1], first_layer_print_min[1] + 80) - 85),0) + 85} E{83 * 0.5 * initial_layer_print_height * nozzle_diameter[0]} F3000\nG1 X{max((min(print_bed_max[0], first_layer_print_min[0] + 80) - 85),0) + 2} E{2 * 0.5 * initial_layer_print_height * nozzle_diameter[0]} F3000\nG1 Y{max((min(print_bed_max[1], first_layer_print_min[1] + 80) - 85),0) + 3} E{82 * 0.5 * initial_layer_print_height * nozzle_diameter[0]} F3000\nG1 X{max((min(print_bed_max[0], first_layer_print_min[0] + 80) - 85),0) + 12} E{-10 * 0.5 * initial_layer_print_height * nozzle_diameter[0]} F3000\nG1 E{10 * 0.5 * initial_layer_print_height * nozzle_diameter[0]} F3000\n",
+	"machine_start_gcode": "PRINT_START\nG28\nM141 S0\nG0 Z50 F600\nM190 S[hot_plate_temp_initial_layer]\nG28 Z\nG29; mesh bed leveling ,comment this code to close it\nG0 X0 Y0 Z50 F6000\nM141 S{overall_chamber_temperature}\nM109 S[nozzle_temperature_initial_layer]\nM106 P3 S255\nM83\nG4 P3000\nG0 X{max((min(print_bed_max[0], first_layer_print_min[0] + 80) - 85),0)} Y{max((min(print_bed_max[1], first_layer_print_min[1] + 80) - 85),0)} Z5 F6000\nG0 Z[initial_layer_print_height] F600\nG1 E3 F1800\nG1 X{(min(print_bed_max[0], first_layer_print_min[0] + 80))} E{85 * 0.5 * initial_layer_print_height * nozzle_diameter[0]} F3000\nG1 Y{max((min(print_bed_max[1], first_layer_print_min[1] + 80) - 85),0) + 2} E{2 * 0.5 * initial_layer_print_height * nozzle_diameter[0]} F3000\nG1 X{max((min(print_bed_max[0], first_layer_print_min[0] + 80) - 85),0)} E{85 * 0.5 * initial_layer_print_height * nozzle_diameter[0]} F3000\nG1 Y{max((min(print_bed_max[1], first_layer_print_min[1] + 80) - 85),0) + 85} E{83 * 0.5 * initial_layer_print_height * nozzle_diameter[0]} F3000\nG1 X{max((min(print_bed_max[0], first_layer_print_min[0] + 80) - 85),0) + 2} E{2 * 0.5 * initial_layer_print_height * nozzle_diameter[0]} F3000\nG1 Y{max((min(print_bed_max[1], first_layer_print_min[1] + 80) - 85),0) + 3} E{82 * 0.5 * initial_layer_print_height * nozzle_diameter[0]} F3000\nG1 X{max((min(print_bed_max[0], first_layer_print_min[0] + 80) - 85),0) + 12} E{-10 * 0.5 * initial_layer_print_height * nozzle_diameter[0]} F3000\nG1 E{10 * 0.5 * initial_layer_print_height * nozzle_diameter[0]} F3000\n",
 	"machine_end_gcode": "M141 S0\nM104 S0\nM140 S0\nG1 E-3 F1800\nG0 Z{min(max_print_height, max_layer_z + 3)} F600\nG0 X0 Y0 F12000\n{if max_layer_z < max_print_height / 2}G1 Z{max_print_height / 2 + 10} F600{else}G1 Z{min(max_print_height, max_layer_z + 3)}{endif}",
 	"scan_first_layer": "0"
 }
@@ -72,17 +72,21 @@ varying float weight;
 varying float island_active;
 varying vec2  vertex_uv;

-// The cylinder's own frame, built exactly as libslic3r's project_cylindrical() builds it - including
-// the handedness, which comes out left-handed for an axis of +Z. Copied rather than "corrected", so
-// the preview wraps the texture the same way round as the bake.
+// The cylinder's own frame, built exactly as libslic3r's project_cylindrical() builds it - right
+// handed, so the angle taken from it grows anticlockwise about the axis, which seen from outside the
+// cylinder is to the viewer's right rather than mirrored.
 void cylinder_frame(out vec3 up, out vec3 right, out vec3 fwd)
 {
    up = (length(patch_axis) > 1e-8) ? normalize(patch_axis) : vec3(0.0, 0.0, 1.0);
    vec3 arbitrary = (abs(up.z) < 0.9) ? vec3(0.0, 0.0, 1.0) : vec3(1.0, 0.0, 0.0);
    right = normalize(cross(up, arbitrary));
-    fwd   = normalize(cross(right, up));
+    fwd   = normalize(cross(up, right));
 }

+// Which side of a world plane a face is on, with zero counting as the positive side. Not GLSL's own
+// sign(), which returns 0 there and would collapse the coordinate onto a line.
+float box_face_sign(float n) { return n >= 0.0 ? 1.0 : -1.0; }
+
 // The raw, millimetre-valued projection of `p` (a position in the texture frame), before the layer's
 // tiling/rotation/aspect/offset - a term-for-term transcription of libslic3r's project_planar(),
 // project_cylindrical() and project_spherical(). `n` is read by the planar mode only.
@@ -94,7 +98,7 @@ vec2 projection_raw(vec3 p, vec3 n)
        vec3  rel = p - patch_center;
        float x   = dot(rel, right);
        float y   = dot(rel, fwd);
-        return vec2(atan(y, x) * sqrt(x * x + y * y), dot(rel, up));
+        return vec2(atan(y, x) * sqrt(x * x + y * y), -dot(rel, up));
    }
    if (projection_mode == 2) {                 // Spherical: (longitude, latitude) * radius
        vec3  rel    = p - patch_center;
@@ -102,10 +106,18 @@ vec2 projection_raw(vec3 p, vec3 n)
        if (radius < 1e-8)
            return vec2(0.0);
        vec3 dir = rel / radius;
-        return vec2(atan(dir.y, dir.x), asin(clamp(dir.z, -1.0, 1.0))) * radius;
+        return vec2(atan(dir.y, dir.x), -asin(clamp(dir.z, -1.0, 1.0))) * radius;
    }
-    vec3 an = abs(n);                           // Triplanar: drop the dominant normal axis
-    return (an.x >= an.y && an.x >= an.z) ? p.yz : ((an.y >= an.x && an.y >= an.z) ? p.xz : p.xy);
+    // Triplanar: drop the dominant normal axis. v is negated so the image's first pixel row (v = 0)
+    // sits at the top of the model instead of upside down, and u is flipped on the far side of each
+    // plane so the two faces sharing it are not mirror images. libslic3r's box_plane_yz() and its two
+    // siblings, term for term.
+    vec3 an = abs(n);
+    if (an.x >= an.y && an.x >= an.z)
+        return vec2(box_face_sign(n.x) * p.y, -p.z);
+    if (an.y >= an.x && an.y >= an.z)
+        return vec2(-box_face_sign(n.y) * p.x, -p.z);
+    return vec2(box_face_sign(n.z) * p.x, -p.y);
 }

 // The two surface directions projection_raw()'s u and v run along at `p`, plus how many raw units one
@@ -124,7 +136,7 @@ void projection_axes(vec3 p, vec3 n, out vec3 t, out vec3 b, out vec2 units_per_
        vec2  xy  = vec2(dot(rel, right), dot(rel, fwd));
        float r   = length(xy);
        t = (r > 1e-6) ? (fwd * xy.x - right * xy.y) / r : right; // circumferential: u runs along it
-        b = up;                                                   // v is the distance along the axis
+        b = -up;                                                  // v is the distance *against* the axis
        return;
    }
    if (projection_mode == 2) {
@@ -133,20 +145,20 @@ void projection_axes(vec3 p, vec3 n, out vec3 t, out vec3 b, out vec2 units_per_
        vec3  dir = (r > 1e-8) ? rel / r : vec3(0.0, 0.0, 1.0);
        float c   = length(dir.xy);                               // cos(latitude)
        t = (c > 1e-6) ? vec3(-dir.y, dir.x, 0.0) / c : vec3(1.0, 0.0, 0.0);
-        b = cross(dir, t);                                        // increasing latitude, unit length
+        b = -cross(dir, t);                                       // v grows away from the pole, unit length
        units_per_mm = vec2(1.0 / max(c, 1e-3), 1.0);
        return;
    }
-    vec3 an = abs(n);
-    if (an.x >= an.y && an.x >= an.z) {        // planar = p.yz
-        t = vec3(0.0, 1.0, 0.0);
-        b = vec3(0.0, 0.0, 1.0);
-    } else if (an.y >= an.x && an.y >= an.z) { // planar = p.xz
-        t = vec3(1.0, 0.0, 0.0);
-        b = vec3(0.0, 0.0, 1.0);
-    } else {                                   // planar = p.xy
-        t = vec3(1.0, 0.0, 0.0);
-        b = vec3(0.0, 1.0, 0.0);
+    vec3 an = abs(n);                          // the same signed basis projection_raw() uses
+    if (an.x >= an.y && an.x >= an.z) {        // planar = (+-y, -z)
+        t = vec3(0.0, box_face_sign(n.x), 0.0);
+        b = vec3(0.0, 0.0, -1.0);
+    } else if (an.y >= an.x && an.y >= an.z) { // planar = (+-x, -z)
+        t = vec3(-box_face_sign(n.y), 0.0, 0.0);
+        b = vec3(0.0, 0.0, -1.0);
+    } else {                                   // planar = (+-x, -y)
+        t = vec3(box_face_sign(n.z), 0.0, 0.0);
+        b = vec3(0.0, -1.0, 0.0);
    }
 }

@@ -36,14 +36,20 @@ varying vec4  world_pos;
 varying float distortion;
 varying vec2  vertex_uv;

+// Right handed (up x right), like libslic3r's project_cylindrical(), so the angle taken from it grows
+// anticlockwise about the axis - to the viewer's right when seen from outside the cylinder.
 void cylinder_frame(out vec3 up, out vec3 right, out vec3 fwd)
 {
    up = (length(patch_axis) > 1e-8) ? normalize(patch_axis) : vec3(0.0, 0.0, 1.0);
    vec3 arbitrary = (abs(up.z) < 0.9) ? vec3(0.0, 0.0, 1.0) : vec3(1.0, 0.0, 0.0);
    right = normalize(cross(up, arbitrary));
-    fwd   = normalize(cross(right, up));
+    fwd   = normalize(cross(up, right));
 }

+// Which side of a world plane a face is on, with zero counting as the positive side. Not GLSL's own
+// sign(), which returns 0 there and would collapse the coordinate onto a line.
+float box_face_sign(float n) { return n >= 0.0 ? 1.0 : -1.0; }
+
 // Term for term libslic3r's project_planar() / project_cylindrical() / project_spherical(), in mm.
 vec2 projection_raw(vec3 p, vec3 n)
 {
@@ -53,7 +59,7 @@ vec2 projection_raw(vec3 p, vec3 n)
        vec3  rel = p - patch_center;
        float x   = dot(rel, right);
        float y   = dot(rel, fwd);
-        return vec2(atan(y, x) * sqrt(x * x + y * y), dot(rel, up));
+        return vec2(atan(y, x) * sqrt(x * x + y * y), -dot(rel, up));
    }
    if (projection_mode == 2) {
        vec3  rel    = p - patch_center;
@@ -61,10 +67,16 @@ vec2 projection_raw(vec3 p, vec3 n)
        if (radius < 1e-8)
            return vec2(0.0);
        vec3 dir = rel / radius;
-        return vec2(atan(dir.y, dir.x), asin(clamp(dir.z, -1.0, 1.0))) * radius;
+        return vec2(atan(dir.y, dir.x), -asin(clamp(dir.z, -1.0, 1.0))) * radius;
    }
+    // v negated so the image's first pixel row sits at the top of the model, u flipped on the far side
+    // of each plane so the two faces sharing it are not mirror images - see libslic3r's box_plane_yz().
    vec3 an = abs(n);
-    return (an.x >= an.y && an.x >= an.z) ? p.yz : ((an.y >= an.x && an.y >= an.z) ? p.xz : p.xy);
+    if (an.x >= an.y && an.x >= an.z)
+        return vec2(box_face_sign(n.x) * p.y, -p.z);
+    if (an.y >= an.x && an.y >= an.z)
+        return vec2(-box_face_sign(n.y) * p.x, -p.z);
+    return vec2(box_face_sign(n.z) * p.x, -p.y);
 }

 vec2 project_uv(vec3 p, vec3 n)
@@ -138,17 +138,21 @@ in vec2  vertex_uv;

 out vec4 out_color;

-// The cylinder's own frame, built exactly as libslic3r's project_cylindrical() builds it - including
-// the handedness, which comes out left-handed for an axis of +Z. Copied rather than "corrected", so
-// the preview wraps the texture the same way round as the bake.
+// The cylinder's own frame, built exactly as libslic3r's project_cylindrical() builds it - right
+// handed, so the angle taken from it grows anticlockwise about the axis, which seen from outside the
+// cylinder is to the viewer's right rather than mirrored.
 void cylinder_frame(out vec3 up, out vec3 right, out vec3 fwd)
 {
    up = (length(patch_axis) > 1e-8) ? normalize(patch_axis) : vec3(0.0, 0.0, 1.0);
    vec3 arbitrary = (abs(up.z) < 0.9) ? vec3(0.0, 0.0, 1.0) : vec3(1.0, 0.0, 0.0);
    right = normalize(cross(up, arbitrary));
-    fwd   = normalize(cross(right, up));
+    fwd   = normalize(cross(up, right));
 }

+// Which side of a world plane a face is on, with zero counting as the positive side. Not GLSL's own
+// sign(), which returns 0 there and would collapse the coordinate onto a line.
+float box_face_sign(float n) { return n >= 0.0 ? 1.0 : -1.0; }
+
 // The raw, millimetre-valued projection of `p` (a position in the texture frame), before the layer's
 // tiling/rotation/aspect/offset - a term-for-term transcription of libslic3r's project_planar(),
 // project_cylindrical() and project_spherical(). `n` is read by the planar mode only.
@@ -160,7 +164,7 @@ vec2 projection_raw(vec3 p, vec3 n)
        vec3  rel = p - patch_center;
        float x   = dot(rel, right);
        float y   = dot(rel, fwd);
-        return vec2(atan(y, x) * sqrt(x * x + y * y), dot(rel, up));
+        return vec2(atan(y, x) * sqrt(x * x + y * y), -dot(rel, up));
    }
    if (projection_mode == 2) {                 // Spherical: (longitude, latitude) * radius
        vec3  rel    = p - patch_center;
@@ -168,10 +172,18 @@ vec2 projection_raw(vec3 p, vec3 n)
        if (radius < 1e-8)
            return vec2(0.0);
        vec3 dir = rel / radius;
-        return vec2(atan(dir.y, dir.x), asin(clamp(dir.z, -1.0, 1.0))) * radius;
+        return vec2(atan(dir.y, dir.x), -asin(clamp(dir.z, -1.0, 1.0))) * radius;
    }
-    vec3 an = abs(n);                           // Triplanar: drop the dominant normal axis
-    return (an.x >= an.y && an.x >= an.z) ? p.yz : ((an.y >= an.x && an.y >= an.z) ? p.xz : p.xy);
+    // Triplanar: drop the dominant normal axis. v is negated so the image's first pixel row (v = 0)
+    // sits at the top of the model instead of upside down, and u is flipped on the far side of each
+    // plane so the two faces sharing it are not mirror images. libslic3r's box_plane_yz() and its two
+    // siblings, term for term.
+    vec3 an = abs(n);
+    if (an.x >= an.y && an.x >= an.z)
+        return vec2(box_face_sign(n.x) * p.y, -p.z);
+    if (an.y >= an.x && an.y >= an.z)
+        return vec2(-box_face_sign(n.y) * p.x, -p.z);
+    return vec2(box_face_sign(n.z) * p.x, -p.y);
 }

 // The two surface directions projection_raw()'s u and v run along at `p`, plus how many raw units one
@@ -190,7 +202,7 @@ void projection_axes(vec3 p, vec3 n, out vec3 t, out vec3 b, out vec2 units_per_
        vec2  xy  = vec2(dot(rel, right), dot(rel, fwd));
        float r   = length(xy);
        t = (r > 1e-6) ? (fwd * xy.x - right * xy.y) / r : right; // circumferential: u runs along it
-        b = up;                                                   // v is the distance along the axis
+        b = -up;                                                  // v is the distance *against* the axis
        return;
    }
    if (projection_mode == 2) {
@@ -199,20 +211,20 @@ void projection_axes(vec3 p, vec3 n, out vec3 t, out vec3 b, out vec2 units_per_
        vec3  dir = (r > 1e-8) ? rel / r : vec3(0.0, 0.0, 1.0);
        float c   = length(dir.xy);                               // cos(latitude)
        t = (c > 1e-6) ? vec3(-dir.y, dir.x, 0.0) / c : vec3(1.0, 0.0, 0.0);
-        b = cross(dir, t);                                        // increasing latitude, unit length
+        b = -cross(dir, t);                                       // v grows away from the pole, unit length
        units_per_mm = vec2(1.0 / max(c, 1e-3), 1.0);
        return;
    }
-    vec3 an = abs(n);
-    if (an.x >= an.y && an.x >= an.z) {        // planar = p.yz
-        t = vec3(0.0, 1.0, 0.0);
-        b = vec3(0.0, 0.0, 1.0);
-    } else if (an.y >= an.x && an.y >= an.z) { // planar = p.xz
-        t = vec3(1.0, 0.0, 0.0);
-        b = vec3(0.0, 0.0, 1.0);
-    } else {                                   // planar = p.xy
-        t = vec3(1.0, 0.0, 0.0);
-        b = vec3(0.0, 1.0, 0.0);
+    vec3 an = abs(n);                          // the same signed basis projection_raw() uses
+    if (an.x >= an.y && an.x >= an.z) {        // planar = (+-y, -z)
+        t = vec3(0.0, box_face_sign(n.x), 0.0);
+        b = vec3(0.0, 0.0, -1.0);
+    } else if (an.y >= an.x && an.y >= an.z) { // planar = (+-x, -z)
+        t = vec3(-box_face_sign(n.y), 0.0, 0.0);
+        b = vec3(0.0, 0.0, -1.0);
+    } else {                                   // planar = (+-x, -y)
+        t = vec3(box_face_sign(n.z), 0.0, 0.0);
+        b = vec3(0.0, -1.0, 0.0);
    }
 }

@@ -47,14 +47,20 @@ in vec2  vertex_uv;

 out vec4 out_color;

+// Right handed (up x right), like libslic3r's project_cylindrical(), so the angle taken from it grows
+// anticlockwise about the axis - to the viewer's right when seen from outside the cylinder.
 void cylinder_frame(out vec3 up, out vec3 right, out vec3 fwd)
 {
    up = (length(patch_axis) > 1e-8) ? normalize(patch_axis) : vec3(0.0, 0.0, 1.0);
    vec3 arbitrary = (abs(up.z) < 0.9) ? vec3(0.0, 0.0, 1.0) : vec3(1.0, 0.0, 0.0);
    right = normalize(cross(up, arbitrary));
-    fwd   = normalize(cross(right, up));
+    fwd   = normalize(cross(up, right));
 }

+// Which side of a world plane a face is on, with zero counting as the positive side. Not GLSL's own
+// sign(), which returns 0 there and would collapse the coordinate onto a line.
+float box_face_sign(float n) { return n >= 0.0 ? 1.0 : -1.0; }
+
 // Term for term libslic3r's project_planar() / project_cylindrical() / project_spherical(), in mm.
 vec2 projection_raw(vec3 p, vec3 n)
 {
@@ -64,7 +70,7 @@ vec2 projection_raw(vec3 p, vec3 n)
        vec3  rel = p - patch_center;
        float x   = dot(rel, right);
        float y   = dot(rel, fwd);
-        return vec2(atan(y, x) * sqrt(x * x + y * y), dot(rel, up));
+        return vec2(atan(y, x) * sqrt(x * x + y * y), -dot(rel, up));
    }
    if (projection_mode == 2) {
        vec3  rel    = p - patch_center;
@@ -72,10 +78,16 @@ vec2 projection_raw(vec3 p, vec3 n)
        if (radius < 1e-8)
            return vec2(0.0);
        vec3 dir = rel / radius;
-        return vec2(atan(dir.y, dir.x), asin(clamp(dir.z, -1.0, 1.0))) * radius;
+        return vec2(atan(dir.y, dir.x), -asin(clamp(dir.z, -1.0, 1.0))) * radius;
    }
+    // v negated so the image's first pixel row sits at the top of the model, u flipped on the far side
+    // of each plane so the two faces sharing it are not mirror images - see libslic3r's box_plane_yz().
    vec3 an = abs(n);
-    return (an.x >= an.y && an.x >= an.z) ? p.yz : ((an.y >= an.x && an.y >= an.z) ? p.xz : p.xy);
+    if (an.x >= an.y && an.x >= an.z)
+        return vec2(box_face_sign(n.x) * p.y, -p.z);
+    if (an.y >= an.x && an.y >= an.z)
+        return vec2(-box_face_sign(n.y) * p.x, -p.z);
+    return vec2(box_face_sign(n.z) * p.x, -p.y);
 }

 vec2 project_uv(vec3 p, vec3 n)
@@ -548,20 +548,6 @@ body
 	overflow-y:auto;
 }

-/*---- Cloud mode: OrcaCloud is a native pane to the right of the app panel, so this page
-      is reduced to its left nav column (the class is toggled by SetCloudMode in js/home.js). ----*/
-body.cloud-mode #RightBoard
-{
-	display: none;
-}
-
-body.cloud-mode #LeftBoard
-{
-	/*---- 262px of column plus its 1px separator is the width the app gives the nav. ----*/
-	height: 100%;
-	overflow-y: auto;
-}
-
 #ContentBoard
 {
 	overflow-y:auto;
@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@
 			<div class="BtnIcon "><img class="LeftIcon" src="img/i2.png" /></div>
 			<div data-i18n="recent">Recent</div> 
 		</div>
-	    <div class="BtnItem BtnShortcut" onClick="GotoCloud()">
+	    <div class="BtnItem BtnShortcut" onClick="OpenUrlInLocalBrowser('https://cloud.orcaslicer.com')">
 			<div class="BtnIcon "><img class="ShortcutBrandIcon" src="../image/logo.png" /></div>
 			<div class="ShortcutTextRow">
 				<div>OrcaCloud</div>
@@ -145,36 +145,8 @@ function HandleStudio( pVal )
  }
 }

-/*---- OrcaCloud opens as a native pane beside this page, so the shell only switches its
-      own cloud-mode state and asks the app to show or hide that pane (WebViewPanel::set_cloud_mode). ----*/
-var m_CloudMode=false;
-
-function SetCloudMode( bOn )
-{
-	if( m_CloudMode==bOn )
-		return;
-
-	m_CloudMode=bOn;
-	$("body").toggleClass("cloud-mode", bOn);
-}
-
-function GotoCloud()
-{
-	$(".BtnItem").removeClass("BtnItemSelected");
-	$(".BtnShortcut").addClass("BtnItemSelected");
-	SetCloudMode(true);
-	SendSimpleCommand("homepage_open_cloud");
-}
-
 function GotoMenu( strMenu )
 {
-	/*---- Any board in the right region means leaving the cloud pane. ----*/
-	if( m_CloudMode )
-	{
-		SetCloudMode(false);
-		SendSimpleCommand("homepage_close_cloud");
-	}
-
 	let MenuList=$(".BtnItem");
 	let nAll=MenuList.length;
 	
@@ -1729,8 +1729,8 @@ void PlateData::parse_filament_info(GCodeProcessorResult *result)
            //plate->pattern_file = it->second->pattern_file;
            plate->no_light_thumbnail_file = it->second->no_light_thumbnail_file;
            plate->top_file = it->second->top_file;
-            plate->pick_file = it->second->pick_file;
-            plate->pattern_bbox_file = it->second->pattern_bbox_file;
+            plate->pick_file = it->second->pick_file.empty();
+            plate->pattern_bbox_file = it->second->pattern_bbox_file.empty();
            plate->config = it->second->config;

            if (!plate->thumbnail_file.empty())
@@ -3295,7 +3295,7 @@ void GCode::_do_export(Print& print, GCodeOutputStream &file, ThumbnailsGenerato
    m_is_role_based_fan_on.fill(false);
    m_role_based_fan_marker_layer.fill(-1);

-    m_fan_mover.reset();
+    m_fan_mover.release();
    m_ordering_cache.clear();

    // Belt printer: initialize belt-specific writer via virtual hook.
@@ -491,6 +491,57 @@ V2Resolution recommend_v2_resolution(const indexed_triangle_set
    return out;
 }

+namespace {
+// Which side of a world plane a face is on, with an exactly zero component counted as the positive
+// side. The tie never shows: a normal component of zero carries zero tri-planar blend weight (see
+// triplanar_weights()), so the plane it orients contributes nothing at that point.
+inline float box_face_sign(float n) { return n >= 0.f ? 1.f : -1.f; }
+
+// The box projection's 2D basis for one of the three world planes, oriented the way a viewer
+// standing outside the model sees that face.
+//
+// v runs *down* the image, because that is what v means to the sampler: v = 0 is the texture's first
+// pixel row, i.e. its top (DecodedHeightTexture::sample(); the UV editor negates Y on screen for the
+// same reason, see UVEditorCanvas::render()). So v = -z on the four upright planes and v = -y on the
+// horizontal one, which is what puts the top of an image at the top of the model rather than
+// upside down.
+//
+// u then has to depend on which *side* of the plane the face is on, or one of the two faces sharing
+// a plane comes out left-right mirrored: with a single u per plane, a portrait image reads upright on
+// +X and 180 degrees round on -X. Fixing that is the sign below, chosen so that u x v == -normal,
+// i.e. (right, down, into the surface) is right-handed for a viewer outside:
+//
+//   face  u     v       face  u     v       face  u     v
+//   +X    +y    -z      +Y    -x    -z      +Z    +x    -y
+//   -X    -y    -z      -Y    +x    -z      -Z    -x    -y
+//
+// The sign flips where its own normal component crosses zero, and the blend weight of the plane it
+// belongs to is exactly zero there, so the blended tri-planar sum stays continuous across the flip -
+// it is not a return of the hard axis switch described on TextureProjectionMethod::Triplanar.
+inline Vec2f box_plane_yz(const Vec3f &p, float nx) { return Vec2f(box_face_sign(nx) * p.y(), -p.z()); }
+inline Vec2f box_plane_xz(const Vec3f &p, float ny) { return Vec2f(-box_face_sign(ny) * p.x(), -p.z()); }
+inline Vec2f box_plane_xy(const Vec3f &p, float nz) { return Vec2f(box_face_sign(nz) * p.x(), -p.y()); }
+} // namespace
+
+void box_projection_axes(const Vec3f &normal, Vec3f &u_axis, Vec3f &v_axis)
+{
+    // The same table as box_plane_yz()/box_plane_xz()/box_plane_xy(), handed out as a pair of world
+    // directions for the plane the normal is closest to. Two shapes of one table, because the bake's
+    // hot path wants the closed form and the GUI wants the axes; the test suite checks them against
+    // each other so they cannot drift apart.
+    const Vec3f n = normal.cwiseAbs();
+    if (n.x() >= n.y() && n.x() >= n.z()) {
+        u_axis = box_face_sign(normal.x()) * Vec3f::UnitY();
+        v_axis = -Vec3f::UnitZ();
+    } else if (n.y() >= n.x() && n.y() >= n.z()) {
+        u_axis = -box_face_sign(normal.y()) * Vec3f::UnitX();
+        v_axis = -Vec3f::UnitZ();
+    } else {
+        u_axis = box_face_sign(normal.z()) * Vec3f::UnitX();
+        v_axis = -Vec3f::UnitY();
+    }
+}
+
 Vec2f project_planar(const Vec3f &position, const Vec3f &normal)
 {
    // Planar-project onto the two axes orthogonal to the dominant component of `normal`. Called
@@ -501,23 +552,26 @@ Vec2f project_planar(const Vec3f &position, const Vec3f &normal)
    // other face in the same patch - exactly the bug an earlier version of this feature had).
    const Vec3f n = normal.cwiseAbs();
    if (n.x() >= n.y() && n.x() >= n.z())
-        return Vec2f(position.y(), position.z());
+        return box_plane_yz(position, normal.x());
    if (n.y() >= n.x() && n.y() >= n.z())
-        return Vec2f(position.x(), position.z());
-    return Vec2f(position.x(), position.y());
+        return box_plane_xz(position, normal.y());
+    return box_plane_xy(position, normal.z());
 }

 namespace {
 // Wrapped around patch_axis, centered at patch_center. u is the arc length (mm) around the axis at
-// this point's own radius, v is the signed distance along the axis - a reasonable approximation
-// for roughly cylindrical selections, not an exact fit for arbitrary geometry.
+// this point's own radius, v is the distance along the axis, measured *against* it - a reasonable
+// approximation for roughly cylindrical selections, not an exact fit for arbitrary geometry.
 Vec2f project_cylindrical(const Vec3f &position, const Vec3f &patch_center, const Vec3f &patch_axis)
 {
    Vec3f up = patch_axis;
    up       = (up.norm() > 1e-8f) ? Vec3f(up.normalized()) : Vec3f::UnitZ();
    const Vec3f arbitrary = (std::abs(up.dot(Vec3f::UnitZ())) < 0.9f) ? Vec3f::UnitZ() : Vec3f::UnitX();
    const Vec3f right     = Vec3f(up.cross(arbitrary).normalized());
-    const Vec3f fwd       = Vec3f(right.cross(up).normalized());
+    // up x right, not right x up: that makes (right, fwd, up) right-handed, so the angle below grows
+    // anticlockwise about the axis - which, seen from outside the cylinder, is to the viewer's right.
+    // The other way round the texture wraps on mirrored, as if seen through the model from behind.
+    const Vec3f fwd       = Vec3f(up.cross(right).normalized());

    const Vec3f rel        = position - patch_center;
    const float along_axis = rel.dot(up);
@@ -526,7 +580,9 @@ Vec2f project_cylindrical(const Vec3f &position, const Vec3f &patch_center, cons
    const float radius     = std::sqrt(x * x + y * y);
    const float angle      = std::atan2(y, x);

-    return Vec2f(angle * radius, along_axis);
+    // Negated, like every other projection's v: v = 0 is the texture's top row, so v has to grow
+    // *down* the axis for the top of the image to sit at the top of the model.
+    return Vec2f(angle * radius, -along_axis);
 }

 // Longitude/latitude around patch_center. u/v are scaled by this point's own distance from the
@@ -542,7 +598,9 @@ Vec2f project_spherical(const Vec3f &position, const Vec3f &patch_center)
    const Vec3f dir       = rel / radius;
    const float longitude = std::atan2(dir.y(), dir.x());
    const float latitude  = std::asin(std::clamp(dir.z(), -1.f, 1.f));
-    return Vec2f(longitude, latitude) * radius;
+    // Longitude already grows to the right as seen from outside; latitude grows toward the north
+    // pole, so it is negated to put the image's top row (v = 0) at the top of the model.
+    return Vec2f(longitude, -latitude) * radius;
 }

 // CGAL's LSCM parameterizer expects a clean mesh with no isolated (unreferenced) vertices - but
@@ -837,9 +895,26 @@ std::vector<int> segment_into_charts(const indexed_triangle_set &mesh, const std
 // solve at all, and why this also serves as the fallback for a chart LSCM cannot handle.
 std::vector<Vec2f> project_to_tangent_plane(const indexed_triangle_set &chart, const Vec3f &normal)
 {
-    const Vec3f seed = (std::abs(normal.z()) < 0.9f) ? Vec3f::UnitZ() : Vec3f::UnitX();
-    const Vec3f u    = Vec3f(seed.cross(normal).normalized());
-    const Vec3f v    = Vec3f(normal.cross(u).normalized());
+    // Oriented like the box projection (see box_projection_axes()), so a chart reads the right way up
+    // and unmirrored instead of being flattened to whichever basis a cross product happened to give.
+    // For a chart whose normal *is* a world axis - a cube face, which is the common case once the
+    // seam angle has cut the patch along its sharp edges - this is exactly the box basis, so such a
+    // face unwraps to the same orientation Triplanar would have given it.
+    Vec3f u, v;
+    box_projection_axes(normal, u, v);
+    // The box axes lie in the tangent plane already when the normal is a world axis; for any other
+    // normal, u is squared up against it and v follows. u x v == -normal keeps the chart the way
+    // round a viewer outside the model sees it (a plain normal x u would mirror it).
+    u = u - normal * normal.dot(u);
+    if (u.norm() <= 1e-6f) {
+        // Out of reach for a unit normal - the box basis puts u perpendicular to the normal's own
+        // dominant axis, so the two can never be within 45 degrees of each other - but a caller
+        // handing over an unnormalized normal should still get a usable basis rather than a NaN.
+        const Vec3f seed = (std::abs(normal.z()) < 0.9f) ? Vec3f::UnitZ() : Vec3f::UnitX();
+        u = seed.cross(normal);
+    }
+    u = Vec3f(u.normalized());
+    v = Vec3f(u.cross(normal).normalized());

    std::vector<Vec2f> uvs(chart.vertices.size());
    for (size_t i = 0; i < chart.vertices.size(); ++i)
@@ -1814,8 +1889,10 @@ float sample_layer_height(const DecodedHeightTexture &texture, const TextureDisp
            return texture.sample(uv, layer.tile_enabled, layer.tile_method);
        }
        // Flat projection onto the captured projector plane. Single-valued per point, so unlike
-        // blended triplanar it is one sample, and it is what "project from view" places.
-        return sample_at(Vec2f(position.dot(layer.view_project_right), position.dot(layer.view_project_up)));
+        // blended triplanar it is one sample, and it is what "project from view" places. The
+        // projector's up axis is negated because v runs *down* the image (v = 0 is its first pixel
+        // row), the same reason the projective branch above measures window y downward.
+        return sample_at(Vec2f(position.dot(layer.view_project_right), -position.dot(layer.view_project_up)));
    case TextureProjectionMethod::LSCM: // no usable unwrap for this patch - fall back to Triplanar
    case TextureProjectionMethod::Triplanar:
    default: break;
@@ -1830,14 +1907,15 @@ float sample_layer_height(const DecodedHeightTexture &texture, const TextureDisp
    const float w_sum = w.x() + w.y() + w.z();
    if (w_sum < 1e-8f)
        // Degenerate normal: no axis is meaningfully dominant, so no blend is meaningful either.
-        return sample_at(Vec2f(position.x(), position.y()));
+        return sample_at(box_plane_xy(position, normal.z()));
    w /= w_sum;

-    // Each plane drops the axis it is named for, matching project_planar()'s own convention (which
-    // the GUI's on-canvas placement gizmo also relies on).
-    return w.x() * sample_at(Vec2f(position.y(), position.z())) +
-           w.y() * sample_at(Vec2f(position.x(), position.z())) +
-           w.z() * sample_at(Vec2f(position.x(), position.y()));
+    // Each plane drops the axis it is named for and is oriented for the side of that plane the normal
+    // points to, matching project_planar()'s own convention (which the GUI's on-canvas placement
+    // gizmo also relies on). See box_plane_yz() for why the orientation is not simply (y, z).
+    return w.x() * sample_at(box_plane_yz(position, normal.x())) +
+           w.y() * sample_at(box_plane_xz(position, normal.y())) +
+           w.z() * sample_at(box_plane_xy(position, normal.z()));
 }

 bool sample_layer_color(const DecodedHeightTexture &texture, const TextureDisplacementLayer &layer,
@@ -1899,7 +1977,8 @@ bool sample_layer_color(const DecodedHeightTexture &texture, const TextureDispla
            out = texture.sample_color(uv, layer.tile_enabled, layer.tile_method);
            return true;
        } else {
-            const Vec2f p(position.dot(layer.view_project_right), position.dot(layer.view_project_up));
+            // Negated up, exactly as sample_layer_height() does it.
+            const Vec2f p(position.dot(layer.view_project_right), -position.dot(layer.view_project_up));
            if (!covered(p))
                return false;
            out = sample_at(p);
@@ -1915,7 +1994,7 @@ bool sample_layer_color(const DecodedHeightTexture &texture, const TextureDispla
    Vec3f w = triplanar_weights(normal);
    const float w_sum = w.x() + w.y() + w.z();
    if (w_sum < 1e-8f) {
-        const Vec2f p(position.x(), position.y());
+        const Vec2f p = box_plane_xy(position, normal.z());
        if (!covered(p))
            return false;
        out = sample_at(p);
@@ -1926,8 +2005,8 @@ bool sample_layer_color(const DecodedHeightTexture &texture, const TextureDispla
    // A blend of three planes is only "not covered" where *every* contributing plane is outside the
    // placement; where some are, the covered ones are renormalised so the colour does not fade toward
    // black at the edge of an untiled tri-planar layer.
-    const std::array<Vec2f, 3> planes = { Vec2f(position.y(), position.z()), Vec2f(position.x(), position.z()),
-                                          Vec2f(position.x(), position.y()) };
+    const std::array<Vec2f, 3> planes = { box_plane_yz(position, normal.x()), box_plane_xz(position, normal.y()),
+                                          box_plane_xy(position, normal.z()) };
    Vec3f acc     = Vec3f::Zero();
    float acc_w   = 0.f;
    for (int i = 0; i < 3; ++i)
@@ -524,11 +524,24 @@ struct TextureColorSettings
    bool empty() const { return palette.empty(); }
 };

+// The two world directions the box projection takes its u and v along on a face whose outward
+// normal is `normal`: the plane is the one that normal is closest to, and the pair is oriented as a
+// viewer standing outside the model sees it - u to their right, v *down* the image, which is the
+// direction v runs in the texture (v = 0 is the image's first pixel row, see
+// DecodedHeightTexture::sample()). So an image comes out the way it looks in a file manager rather
+// than upside down, and it is not mirrored on the three faces facing the other way.
+//
+// Exposed because the GUI needs the same basis for the on-canvas "adjust texture placement" gizmo
+// (its ring's zero angle and its offset handle's plane), and it must not be a second, drifting copy
+// of the table.
+void box_projection_axes(const Vec3f &normal, Vec3f &u_axis, Vec3f &v_axis);
+
 // Raw dominant-axis planar projection of `position` (in mm, not yet scaled/rotated/offset by any
-// layer), dropping the axis position that best aligns with `normal`. Exposed on its own (rather
-// than only inline inside project_texture_displacement_uv()) so GUI code - the on-canvas
-// "adjust texture placement" gizmo - can map a dragged 3D point into the exact same 2D space
-// tiling_scale/rotation_deg/offset operate in, without duplicating the axis-selection logic.
+// layer), dropping the axis position that best aligns with `normal`. Equivalent to projecting onto
+// box_projection_axes()' pair. Exposed on its own (rather than only inline inside
+// project_texture_displacement_uv()) so GUI code - the on-canvas "adjust texture placement" gizmo -
+// can map a dragged 3D point into the exact same 2D space tiling_scale/rotation_deg/offset operate
+// in, without duplicating the axis-selection logic.
 Vec2f project_planar(const Vec3f &position, const Vec3f &normal);

 // Applies a layer's tiling_scale/rotation_deg/offset to an already-projected planar coordinate
@@ -16,7 +16,6 @@
 #include <wx/checklst.h>
 #include "slic3r/GUI/GUI_Utils.hpp"
 #include "slic3r/GUI/Widgets/Button.hpp"
-#include "slic3r/GUI/Widgets/DropDown.hpp"
 #include "slic3r/GUI/Widgets/Label.hpp"
 #include <utility>
 #include "slic3r/GUI/wxExtensions.hpp"
@@ -173,26 +172,7 @@ void AMSMaterialsSetting::create()

    Bind(wxEVT_PAINT, &AMSMaterialsSetting::paintEvent, this);
    Bind(EVT_SELECTED_COLOR, &AMSMaterialsSetting::on_picker_color, this);
-    m_comboBox_filament->Connect(wxEVT_COMMAND_COMBOBOX_SELECTED, wxCommandEventHandler(AMSMaterialsSetting::on_select_filament), NULL, this);
-    m_comboBox_filament->Bind(EVT_DROPDOWN_ITEM_ACTION, &AMSMaterialsSetting::on_toggle_favorite_filament, this);
-
-    // Favorites toggled in the open list are regrouped just before it opens again, so rows never move
-    // under the cursor. These handlers run ahead of ComboBox's own, which then measure and show the
-    // rebuilt rows; wxEVT_COMBOBOX_DROPDOWN would be too late, as ComboBox sends it after showing the list.
-    auto regroup_favorites = [this]() {
-        if (!m_favorites_regroup || m_comboBox_filament->is_drop_down())
-            return;
-        const FilamentInfos* info        = selected_filament_info();
-        const std::string    filament_id = info ? info->filament_id : std::string();
-        rebuild_filament_dropdown_items(filament_id);
-    };
-    m_comboBox_filament->Bind(wxEVT_LEFT_DOWN, [regroup_favorites](wxMouseEvent& e) { regroup_favorites(); e.Skip(); });
-    m_comboBox_filament->Bind(wxEVT_LEFT_DCLICK, [regroup_favorites](wxMouseEvent& e) { regroup_favorites(); e.Skip(); });
-    m_comboBox_filament->Bind(wxEVT_KEY_DOWN, [regroup_favorites](wxKeyEvent& e) {
-        if (e.GetKeyCode() == WXK_RETURN || e.GetKeyCode() == WXK_SPACE) // the keys that open the list
-            regroup_favorites();
-        e.Skip();
-    });
+     m_comboBox_filament->Connect(wxEVT_COMMAND_COMBOBOX_SELECTED, wxCommandEventHandler(AMSMaterialsSetting::on_select_filament), NULL, this);

    m_comboBox_cali_result->Connect(wxEVT_COMMAND_COMBOBOX_SELECTED, wxCommandEventHandler(AMSMaterialsSetting::on_select_cali_result), NULL, this);
 }
@@ -211,9 +191,11 @@ void AMSMaterialsSetting::create_panel_normal(wxWindow* parent)

    m_sizer_filament->Add(0, 0, 0, wxEXPAND, 0);

+#ifdef __APPLE__
+    m_comboBox_filament = new wxComboBox(parent, wxID_ANY, wxEmptyString, wxDefaultPosition, AMS_MATERIALS_SETTING_COMBOX_WIDTH, 0, nullptr, wxCB_READONLY);
+#else
    m_comboBox_filament = new ::ComboBox(parent, wxID_ANY, wxEmptyString, wxDefaultPosition, AMS_MATERIALS_SETTING_COMBOX_WIDTH, 0, nullptr, wxCB_READONLY);
-    m_star_filled = ScalableBitmap(this, "score_star_light", 16);
-    m_star_empty  = ScalableBitmap(this, "score_star_outline", 16);
+#endif

    m_sizer_filament->Add(m_comboBox_filament, 1, wxALIGN_CENTER, 0);

@@ -438,7 +420,6 @@ void AMSMaterialsSetting::paintEvent(wxPaintEvent &evt)
 AMSMaterialsSetting::~AMSMaterialsSetting()
 {
    m_comboBox_filament->Disconnect(wxEVT_COMMAND_COMBOBOX_SELECTED, wxCommandEventHandler(AMSMaterialsSetting::on_select_filament), NULL, this);
-    m_comboBox_filament->Unbind(EVT_DROPDOWN_ITEM_ACTION, &AMSMaterialsSetting::on_toggle_favorite_filament, this);
    m_comboBox_cali_result->Disconnect(wxEVT_COMMAND_COMBOBOX_SELECTED, wxCommandEventHandler(AMSMaterialsSetting::on_select_cali_result), NULL, this);
 }

@@ -550,9 +531,10 @@ void AMSMaterialsSetting::on_select_reset(wxCommandEvent& event) {
    std::string   selected_ams_id;
    PresetBundle *preset_bundle = wxGetApp().preset_bundle;
    if (preset_bundle) {
-        const FilamentInfos* selected_info = selected_filament_info();
        for (auto it = preset_bundle->filaments.begin(); it != preset_bundle->filaments.end(); it++) {
-            if (selected_info && it->filament_id.compare(selected_info->filament_id) == 0) {
+            auto        filament_item = map_filament_items[m_comboBox_filament->GetValue().ToStdString()];
+            std::string filament_id   = filament_item.filament_id;
+            if (it->filament_id.compare(filament_id) == 0) {
                selected_ams_id = it->filament_id;
                break;
            }
@@ -700,13 +682,12 @@ void AMSMaterialsSetting::on_select_ok(wxCommandEvent &event)
    ams_setting_id = "";

    // the combobox item
-    const FilamentInfos* selected_info = selected_filament_info();
-    const std::string    filament_id   = selected_info ? selected_info->filament_id : std::string();
+    auto filament_item = map_filament_items[m_comboBox_filament->GetValue().ToStdString()];

    // check filament info (rack-gated per-nozzle blacklist evaluation)
    PresetBundle* preset_bundle = wxGetApp().preset_bundle;
    const auto& fila_check_res = sCheckFilamentInfo(preset_bundle, obj, ams_id, slot_id,
-                                                    filament_id, ams_filament_id, ams_setting_id);
+                                                    filament_item.filament_id, ams_filament_id, ams_setting_id);

    if (const auto& prohibit_items = fila_check_res.get_items_by_action("prohibition"); !prohibit_items.empty()) {
        wxString info_msg;
@@ -1005,133 +986,6 @@ static void _collect_filament_info(const wxString& shown_name,
    query_filament_types[shown_name] = filament.config.get_filament_type();
 }

-static const char* AMS_FAVORITE_FILAMENT_IDS_KEY = "ams_favorite_filament_ids";
-
-const AMSMaterialsSetting::FilamentInfos* AMSMaterialsSetting::selected_filament_info() const
-{
-    const int selection = m_comboBox_filament->GetSelection();
-    if (selection < 0 || selection >= int(m_filament_list_items.size()) || !m_filament_list_items[selection].is_filament)
-        return nullptr;
-    return &m_filament_list_items[selection].filament;
-}
-
-std::set<std::string> AMSMaterialsSetting::load_favorite_filament_ids() const
-{
-    std::set<std::string> favorite_ids;
-    std::vector<std::string> values;
-    const std::string serialized = wxGetApp().app_config->get(AMS_FAVORITE_FILAMENT_IDS_KEY);
-    if (!serialized.empty() && Slic3r::unescape_strings_cstyle(serialized, values)) {
-        favorite_ids.insert(values.begin(), values.end());
-    }
-    return favorite_ids;
-}
-
-void AMSMaterialsSetting::save_favorite_filament_ids(const std::set<std::string>& favorite_ids)
-{
-    std::vector<std::string> values(favorite_ids.begin(), favorite_ids.end());
-    wxGetApp().app_config->set(AMS_FAVORITE_FILAMENT_IDS_KEY, Slic3r::escape_strings_cstyle(values));
-    wxGetApp().app_config->save();
-}
-
-void AMSMaterialsSetting::rebuild_filament_dropdown_items(const std::string& selected_filament_id)
-{
-    std::vector<DropDown::Item> items;
-    m_filament_list_items.clear();
-
-    auto append_header = [&items, this](const wxString& label) {
-        DropDown::Item item;
-        item.text = label;
-        item.style = DD_ITEM_STYLE_SPLIT_ITEM | DD_ITEM_STYLE_DISABLED;
-        items.push_back(item);
-        m_filament_list_items.push_back(FilamentListItem{});
-    };
-
-    auto append_filament = [&items, this](const wxString& name) {
-        auto info_it = map_filament_items.find(name);
-        if (info_it == map_filament_items.end())
-            return;
-
-        DropDown::Item item;
-        item.text = name;
-        items.push_back(item);
-        m_filament_list_items.push_back(FilamentListItem{info_it->second, true});
-    };
-
-    // Favorites are listed again at the top under their own header. Without any, the list is the
-    // plain filament list.
-    const std::set<std::string> favorite_ids = load_favorite_filament_ids();
-    std::vector<wxString>       favorites;
-    for (const wxString& name : m_sorted_filament_items) {
-        auto info_it = map_filament_items.find(name);
-        if (info_it != map_filament_items.end() && favorite_ids.count(info_it->second.filament_id) > 0)
-            favorites.push_back(name);
-    }
-    if (!favorites.empty()) {
-        append_header(_L("Favorite filaments"));
-        for (const wxString& name : favorites)
-            append_filament(name);
-        append_header(_L("All filaments"));
-    }
-    for (const wxString& name : m_sorted_filament_items)
-        append_filament(name);
-
-    int selection_idx = -1;
-    if (!selected_filament_id.empty()) {
-        for (int i = 0; i < int(m_filament_list_items.size()); ++i) {
-            if (m_filament_list_items[i].is_filament && m_filament_list_items[i].filament.filament_id == selected_filament_id) {
-                selection_idx = i;
-                break;
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    // Clear() first: SetItems() keeps the old selection, and SetSelection() ignores an index equal to it,
-    // which would leave the previous filament's name on the combo.
-    m_comboBox_filament->Clear();
-    m_comboBox_filament->SetItems(items);
-    update_favorite_stars();
-    m_comboBox_filament->SetSelection(selection_idx);
-    m_favorites_regroup = false;
-}
-
-void AMSMaterialsSetting::update_favorite_stars()
-{
-    const std::set<std::string> favorite_ids = load_favorite_filament_ids();
-    for (size_t i = 0; i < m_filament_list_items.size(); ++i) {
-        const FilamentListItem& row = m_filament_list_items[i];
-        if (row.is_filament) {
-            const bool favorite = favorite_ids.count(row.filament.filament_id) > 0;
-            m_comboBox_filament->SetItemActionBitmap(i, favorite ? m_star_filled.bmp() : m_star_empty.bmp());
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-void AMSMaterialsSetting::toggle_favorite_filament(const std::string& filament_id)
-{
-    if (filament_id.empty())
-        return;
-
-    std::set<std::string> favorite_ids = load_favorite_filament_ids();
-    auto iter = favorite_ids.find(filament_id);
-    if (iter == favorite_ids.end())
-        favorite_ids.insert(filament_id);
-    else
-        favorite_ids.erase(iter);
-
-    save_favorite_filament_ids(favorite_ids);
-}
-
-void AMSMaterialsSetting::on_toggle_favorite_filament(wxCommandEvent& evt)
-{
-    const int index = evt.GetInt();
-    if (index < 0 || index >= int(m_filament_list_items.size()) || !m_filament_list_items[index].is_filament)
-        return;
-
-    toggle_favorite_filament(m_filament_list_items[index].filament.filament_id);
-    update_favorite_stars();
-    m_favorites_regroup = true;
-}
-
 void AMSMaterialsSetting::Popup(wxString filament, wxString sn, wxString temp_min, wxString temp_max, wxString k, wxString n)
 {
    if (!obj) return;
@@ -1145,12 +999,13 @@ void AMSMaterialsSetting::Popup(wxString filament, wxString sn, wxString temp_mi
    m_input_k_val->GetTextCtrl()->SetValue(k);
    m_input_n_val->GetTextCtrl()->SetValue(n);

+    wxArrayString filament_items;
    wxString bambu_filament_name;
+    wxString hint_filament_name; // the hint type to be selected
    std::unordered_map<wxString, wxString> query_filament_vendors;// some information for sort
    std::unordered_map<wxString, wxString> query_filament_types;  //

    std::set<std::string> filament_id_set;
-    m_sorted_filament_items.clear();
    // The alias keyed map has to start empty: it is a member, so a stale alias left by an earlier
    // popup (a different printer, a different nozzle) would resolve to that printer's filament_id.
    map_filament_items.clear();
@@ -1180,7 +1035,7 @@ void AMSMaterialsSetting::Popup(wxString filament, wxString sn, wxString temp_mi
            if (alias.empty())
                continue;

-            m_sorted_filament_items.push_back(alias);
+            filament_items.push_back(alias);
            _collect_filament_info(alias, *filament_it, query_filament_vendors, query_filament_types);

            FilamentInfos filament_infos;
@@ -1189,6 +1044,7 @@ void AMSMaterialsSetting::Popup(wxString filament, wxString sn, wxString temp_mi
            map_filament_items[alias]  = filament_infos;

            if (filament_it->filament_id == ams_filament_id) {
+                hint_filament_name = from_u8(alias);
                bambu_filament_name = from_u8(alias);


@@ -1359,11 +1215,24 @@ void AMSMaterialsSetting::Popup(wxString filament, wxString sn, wxString temp_mi
            return name_compare != 0 ? name_compare < 0 : left < right;
        };

-        std::sort(m_sorted_filament_items.begin(), m_sorted_filament_items.end(), _filament_sorter);
+        std::sort(filament_items.begin(), filament_items.end(), _filament_sorter);
    }

-    rebuild_filament_dropdown_items(ams_filament_id);
-    int selection_idx = m_comboBox_filament->GetSelection();
+    // traverse the hint selection idx
+    int selection_idx = -1;
+    {
+        for(int i = 0; i < filament_items.size(); i++)
+        {
+            if (hint_filament_name == filament_items[i])
+            {
+                selection_idx = i;
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    m_comboBox_filament->Set(filament_items);
+    m_comboBox_filament->SetSelection(selection_idx);
    post_select_event(selection_idx);

    if (selection_idx < 0) {
@@ -1420,7 +1289,6 @@ void AMSMaterialsSetting::on_select_filament(wxCommandEvent &evt)
    int* from_printer = static_cast<int*>(m_comboBox_filament->GetClientData());

    m_filament_type = "";
-    const FilamentInfos* selected_info = selected_filament_info();
    PresetBundle* preset_bundle = wxGetApp().preset_bundle;
    if (preset_bundle) {
        std::ostringstream stream;
@@ -1441,8 +1309,9 @@ void AMSMaterialsSetting::on_select_filament(wxCommandEvent &evt)
        std::string nozzle_diameter_str = stream.str();
        // Resolve the selection against the same list Popup() built the dropdown from, so the two
        // halves of the dialog cannot disagree about which filaments this machine can use.
-        if (selected_info) {
-            const std::string& filament_id = selected_info->filament_id;
+        const std::string selected = m_comboBox_filament->GetValue().ToStdString();
+        if (!selected.empty()) {
+            const std::string filament_id = map_filament_items[selected].filament_id;
            for (Preset *it : preset_bundle->get_filament_presets_for_machine(
                     DevPrinterConfigUtil::get_printer_display_name(obj->printer_type), nozzle_diameter_str, obj->is_support_user_preset)) {
                if (it->filament_id != filament_id)
@@ -1495,7 +1364,7 @@ void AMSMaterialsSetting::on_select_filament(wxCommandEvent &evt)
    //reset cali
    int cali_select_idx = -1;

-    if ( !this->obj || m_filament_selection < 0 || !selected_info) {
+    if ( !this->obj || m_filament_selection < 0) {
        m_input_k_val->Enable(false);
        m_input_n_val->Enable(false);
        m_button_confirm->Disable(); // ORCA No need to change style
@@ -1514,9 +1383,21 @@ void AMSMaterialsSetting::on_select_filament(wxCommandEvent &evt)
    ams_filament_id = "";
    ams_setting_id = "";

-    if (selected_info) {
-        ams_filament_id = selected_info->filament_id;
-        ams_setting_id  = selected_info->setting_id;
+    if (preset_bundle) {
+        for (auto it = preset_bundle->filaments.begin(); it != preset_bundle->filaments.end(); it++) {
+            auto itor = map_filament_items.find(m_comboBox_filament->GetValue().ToStdString());
+            if ( itor != map_filament_items.end()) {
+                ams_filament_id = itor->second.filament_id;
+                ams_setting_id  = itor->second.setting_id;
+                break;
+            }
+
+            if (it->alias.compare(m_comboBox_filament->GetValue().ToStdString()) == 0) {
+                ams_filament_id = it->filament_id;
+                ams_setting_id = it->setting_id;
+                break;
+            }
+        }
    }

    wxArrayString items;
@@ -1648,11 +1529,6 @@ void AMSMaterialsSetting::on_dpi_changed(const wxRect &suggested_rect)
    m_button_reset->Rescale(); // ORCA
    m_button_confirm->Rescale(); // ORCA
    m_button_close->Rescale(); // ORCA
-    // An open list would keep the measurements of the old stars, so close it before replacing them.
-    m_comboBox_filament->CloseDropdown();
-    m_star_filled.msw_rescale();
-    m_star_empty.msw_rescale();
-    update_favorite_stars();
    this->Refresh();
 }

@@ -31,7 +31,6 @@
 #include "slic3r/GUI/Widgets/StateColor.hpp"
 #include <wx/panel.h>
 #include <map>
-#include <set>

 #define AMS_MATERIALS_SETTING_DEF_COLOUR wxColour(255, 255, 255)
 #define AMS_MATERIALS_SETTING_GREY900 wxColour(38, 46, 48)
@@ -157,7 +156,6 @@ protected:
    void create_panel_kn(wxWindow* parent);
    void on_dpi_changed(const wxRect &suggested_rect) override;
    void on_select_filament(wxCommandEvent& evt);
-    void on_toggle_favorite_filament(wxCommandEvent& evt);
    void on_select_cali_result(wxCommandEvent &evt);
    void on_select_ok(wxCommandEvent &event);
    void on_select_reset(wxCommandEvent &event);
@@ -165,11 +163,6 @@ protected:
    void on_clr_picker(wxMouseEvent &event);
    bool is_virtual_tray();
    void update_widgets();
-    void rebuild_filament_dropdown_items(const std::string& selected_filament_id);
-    void update_favorite_stars();
-    std::set<std::string> load_favorite_filament_ids() const;
-    void save_favorite_filament_ids(const std::set<std::string>& favorite_ids);
-    void toggle_favorite_filament(const std::string& filament_id);

    void update_filament_editing(bool is_printing);
    // Orca: the variant index of the filament's per-variant options on the nozzle this tray feeds
@@ -209,7 +202,12 @@ protected:

    int m_pa_cali_select_id = 0;

+// Orca: native wxComboBox on macOS (the custom ComboBox mis-renders the filament dropdown there)
+#ifdef __APPLE__
+    wxComboBox *m_comboBox_filament;
+#else
    ComboBox *m_comboBox_filament;
+#endif
    ComboBox * m_comboBox_cali_result;
    TextInput*       m_readonly_filament;

@@ -217,20 +215,7 @@ protected:
        std::string filament_id;
        std::string setting_id;
    };
-    struct FilamentListItem {
-        FilamentInfos filament;
-        bool          is_filament{false};
-    };
-    const FilamentInfos* selected_filament_info() const;
-
-    // Keyed by the same wxString the dropdown shows, so a row's name never has to be converted back.
-    std::map<wxString, FilamentInfos>    map_filament_items;
-    std::vector<wxString>                m_sorted_filament_items;
-    std::vector<FilamentListItem>        m_filament_list_items;
-    ScalableBitmap                       m_star_filled;
-    ScalableBitmap                       m_star_empty;
-    // Favorites changed while the list was open; their rows are regrouped before it opens again.
-    bool                                 m_favorites_regroup{false};
+    std::map<std::string, FilamentInfos> map_filament_items;
 };

 wxDECLARE_EVENT(EVT_SELECTED_COLOR, wxCommandEvent);
@@ -3232,16 +3232,9 @@ bool GUI_App::on_init_inner()
 #ifdef _MSW_DARK_MODE

 #ifndef __WINDOWS__
-    // The label colours and the dark mode flag were set above from the saved mode. When the system theme
-    // differs from it, refresh them, or dialogs that map their colours stay in the old mode for this session.
-    const bool saved_dark_mode = dark_mode();
    wxSystemAppearance app = wxSystemSettings::GetAppearance();
    GUI::wxGetApp().app_config->set("dark_color_mode", app.IsDark() ? "1" : "0");
    GUI::wxGetApp().app_config->save();
-    if (dark_mode() != saved_dark_mode) {
-        init_label_colours();
-        Update_dark_mode_flag();
-    }
 #endif // __APPLE__


@@ -5419,20 +5412,6 @@ std::string GUI_App::handle_web_request(std::string cmd)
            else if (command_str.compare("homepage_openproject") == 0) {
                this->request_open_project({});
            }
-            else if (command_str.compare("homepage_open_cloud") == 0) {
-                // Deferred: set_cloud_mode() may create a second native webview, which must
-                // not run inside this webview's script-message callback.
-                CallAfter([this]() {
-                    if (WebViewPanel* home = WebViewPanel::if_built())
-                        home->set_cloud_mode(true, cloud_webview_handoff());
-                });
-            }
-            else if (command_str.compare("homepage_close_cloud") == 0) {
-                CallAfter([]() {
-                    if (WebViewPanel* home = WebViewPanel::if_built())
-                        home->set_cloud_mode(false);
-                });
-            }
            else if (command_str.compare("get_recent_projects") == 0) {
                if (mainframe) {
                    if (WebViewPanel* home = WebViewPanel::if_built()) {
@@ -5849,22 +5828,6 @@ void GUI_App::on_update_machine_list(wxCommandEvent &evt)
     }*/
 }

-wxString GUI_App::cloud_webview_handoff()
-{
-    auto orca = m_agent ? std::dynamic_pointer_cast<OrcaCloudServiceAgent>(m_agent->get_cloud_agent()) : nullptr;
-    if (!orca || !orca->is_user_login())
-        return {};
-    // Never block the UI thread on a token refresh: that can take a cross-process lock plus a
-    // synchronous POST and retry. If the access token is missing or within a minute of expiry,
-    // skip the handoff for this open — set_cloud_mode then loads the plain cloud page and the next
-    // open retries. The pane is the app's guest: the app owns the session and re-injects a
-    // freshly-refreshed copy on each open (Supabase rotates refresh tokens, so a concurrent
-    // refresh by the SPA can invalidate the app's copy — a known, accepted trade-off).
-    if (orca->access_token_needs_refresh(std::chrono::seconds(60)))
-        return {};
-    return from_u8(orca->build_webview_handoff_url());
-}
-
 void GUI_App::on_user_login_handle(wxCommandEvent &evt)
 {
    if (!m_agent) { return; }
@@ -5920,12 +5883,6 @@ void GUI_App::on_user_login_handle(wxCommandEvent &evt)
    if (app_config->get("sync_user_preset") == "true") {
        start_sync_user_preset();
    }
-
-    // Re-seed the embedded OrcaCloud pane if it is already open, so it picks up the new session
-    // without waiting for the next open. A closed pane is seeded when it is next opened.
-    if (WebViewPanel* home = WebViewPanel::if_built())
-        if (home->cloud_mode_active())
-            home->set_cloud_mode(true, cloud_webview_handoff());
 }


@@ -557,9 +557,6 @@ public:
    void            on_update_machine_list(wxCommandEvent& evt);
    void            on_user_login(wxCommandEvent &evt);
    void            on_user_login_handle(wxCommandEvent& evt);
-    // Returns the fragment handoff URL for the signed-in Orca Cloud session, refreshing the
-    // token first if needed. Empty when not signed in.
-    wxString        cloud_webview_handoff();
    void            enable_user_preset_folder(bool enable);

    // BBS
@@ -1617,7 +1617,7 @@ void ObjectList::list_manipulation(const wxPoint& mouse_pos, bool evt_context_me
            int obj_idx, vol_idx;
            get_selected_item_indexes(obj_idx, vol_idx, item);
            if (obj_idx != -1) {
-                Plater::TakeSnapshot snapshot(plater, _u8L("Shift objects to bed"));
+                Plater::TakeSnapshot(plater, _u8L("Shift objects to bed"));
                (*m_objects)[obj_idx]->ensure_on_bed();
                cnv->reload_scene(true, true);
                update_info_items(obj_idx);
@@ -2779,13 +2779,12 @@ void ObjectList::del_info_item(const int obj_idx, InfoItemType type)
    GLCanvas3D* cnv = plater->canvas3D();

    switch (type) {
-    case InfoItemType::CustomSupports: {
+    case InfoItemType::CustomSupports:
        cnv->get_gizmos_manager().reset_all_states();
-        Plater::TakeSnapshot snapshot(plater, "Remove support painting");
+        Plater::TakeSnapshot(plater, "Remove support painting");
        for (ModelVolume* mv : (*m_objects)[obj_idx]->volumes)
            mv->supported_facets.reset();
        break;
-    }

    // BBS: remove CustomSeam

@@ -2796,21 +2795,19 @@ void ObjectList::del_info_item(const int obj_idx, InfoItemType type)
        }
        break;

-    case InfoItemType::MmSegmentation: {
+    case InfoItemType::MmSegmentation:
        cnv->get_gizmos_manager().reset_all_states();
-        Plater::TakeSnapshot snapshot(plater, "Remove color painting");
+        Plater::TakeSnapshot(plater, "Remove color painting");
        for (ModelVolume* mv : (*m_objects)[obj_idx]->volumes)
            mv->mmu_segmentation_facets.reset();
        break;
-    }

-    case InfoItemType::FuzzySkin: {
+    case InfoItemType::FuzzySkin:
        cnv->get_gizmos_manager().reset_all_states();
-        Plater::TakeSnapshot snapshot(plater, _u8L("Remove paint-on fuzzy skin"));
+        Plater::TakeSnapshot(plater, _u8L("Remove paint-on fuzzy skin"));
        for (ModelVolume* mv : (*m_objects)[obj_idx]->volumes)
            mv->fuzzy_skin_facets.reset();
        break;
-    }

    // BBS: remove Sinking
    case InfoItemType::Undef : assert(false); break;
@@ -6721,7 +6718,7 @@ void ObjectList::OnEditingStarted(wxDataViewEvent &event)
    else if (col == colSinking) {
        Plater *    plater = wxGetApp().plater();
        GLCanvas3D *cnv    = plater->canvas3D();
-        Plater::TakeSnapshot snapshot(plater, _u8L("Shift objects to bed"));
+        Plater::TakeSnapshot(plater, _u8L("Shift objects to bed"));
        int obj_idx, vol_idx;
        get_selected_item_indexes(obj_idx, vol_idx, item);
        (*m_objects)[obj_idx]->ensure_on_bed();
@@ -1252,8 +1252,9 @@ std::vector<Vec2f> GLGizmoTextureDisplacement::compute_layer_vertex_uvs(const in
                    uv[vi] = Vec2f(-1e6f, -1e6f);
                continue;
            }
+            // Negated up, as sample_layer_height()'s affine branch has it: v runs down the image.
            const Vec2f planar(patch.vertices[vi].dot(layer.view_project_right),
-                               patch.vertices[vi].dot(layer.view_project_up));
+                               -patch.vertices[vi].dot(layer.view_project_up));
            uv[vi] = apply_uv_transform(planar, layer, aspect);
        }
        return uv;
@@ -3292,19 +3293,10 @@ Vec3f GLGizmoTextureDisplacement::adjust_handle_center(const TextureDisplacement

 void GLGizmoTextureDisplacement::adjust_tangent_basis(Vec3f &u_axis, Vec3f &v_axis) const
 {
-    // Mirrors project_planar()'s own dominant-axis choice exactly, so the ring's "0 degrees" and
-    // the offset handle's plane always agree with what project_texture_displacement_uv() does.
-    const Vec3f n = m_adjust_anchor_normal.cwiseAbs();
-    if (n.x() >= n.y() && n.x() >= n.z()) {
-        u_axis = Vec3f::UnitY();
-        v_axis = Vec3f::UnitZ();
-    } else if (n.y() >= n.x() && n.y() >= n.z()) {
-        u_axis = Vec3f::UnitX();
-        v_axis = Vec3f::UnitZ();
-    } else {
-        u_axis = Vec3f::UnitX();
-        v_axis = Vec3f::UnitY();
-    }
+    // libslic3r's own basis, asked for rather than restated here, so the ring's "0 degrees" and the
+    // offset handle's plane always agree with what project_texture_displacement_uv() does - including
+    // v pointing *down* the texture and u flipping on the far side of each plane.
+    box_projection_axes(m_adjust_anchor_normal, u_axis, v_axis);
 }

 void GLGizmoTextureDisplacement::render_adjust_texture_gizmo()
@@ -423,8 +423,8 @@ private:
    // obvious whether the next stroke adds paint (default) or erases it (Shift). Uses ImGui's
    // foreground draw list, so it must be called from inside the gizmo's ImGui frame.
    void render_paint_cursor_hint();
-    // Mesh-local tangent-plane basis at m_adjust_anchor_normal, matching project_planar()'s
-    // dominant-axis convention so dragging on-canvas maps consistently onto offset.
+    // Mesh-local tangent-plane basis at m_adjust_anchor_normal: box_projection_axes(), so dragging
+    // on-canvas maps consistently onto offset whichever face the anchor is on.
    void adjust_tangent_basis(Vec3f &u_axis, Vec3f &v_axis) const;

    // The plane a drag is measured against: the paint patch's anchor, lifted clear of the surface.
@@ -55,13 +55,6 @@ namespace GUI {

    #define LOGIN_INFO_UPDATE_TIMER_ID 10002

-// OrcaCloud is a native pane of its own: the site refuses to be framed
-// (x-frame-options: DENY / CSP frame-ancestors 'none').
-static const char *const kCloudUrl = "https://cloud.orcaslicer.com";
-// #LeftBoard in resources/web/homepage/css/home.css is a 262px column plus a 1px right
-// border; the homepage keeps that width as the nav column while the cloud pane is open.
-static const int kLeftNavWidth = 263;
-
 // The home page's strings (resources/web/homepage), keyed by their data-i18n and T() ids.
 static json home_page_strings()
 {
@@ -141,11 +134,7 @@ WebViewPanel::WebViewPanel(wxWindow *parent)
    m_reset_on_show = WebView::NeedsRecreateOnShow();
    SetSizer(topsizer);

-    // The homepage shell is the left nav column; when OrcaCloud opens, its page lives in a
-    // second native pane beside it (the site refuses to be framed).
-    m_content_sizer = new wxBoxSizer(wxHORIZONTAL);
-    m_content_sizer->Add(m_browser, wxSizerFlags().Expand().Proportion(1));
-    topsizer->Add(m_content_sizer, wxSizerFlags().Expand().Proportion(1));
+    topsizer->Add(m_browser, wxSizerFlags().Expand().Proportion(1));

    // Log backend information
    /* m_browser->GetUserAgent() may lead crash
@@ -301,98 +290,12 @@ void WebViewPanel::create_browser()
    m_browser->Hide();
 }

-// The cloud page gets its own native view, created on first use and kept alive afterwards
-// so its session and scroll position survive hiding.
-void WebViewPanel::create_cloud_browser()
-{
-    m_cloud_browser = WebView::CreateWebView(this, wxEmptyString);
-
-    // Webview events are command events, so they would otherwise propagate up to the
-    // panel's handlers, which drive the homepage view. Keep the cloud pane's events here.
-    m_cloud_browser->Bind(wxEVT_WEBVIEW_NAVIGATING, &WebViewPanel::OnCloudWebViewEvent, this);
-    m_cloud_browser->Bind(wxEVT_WEBVIEW_NAVIGATED, &WebViewPanel::OnCloudWebViewEvent, this);
-    m_cloud_browser->Bind(wxEVT_WEBVIEW_LOADED, &WebViewPanel::OnCloudWebViewEvent, this);
-    m_cloud_browser->Bind(wxEVT_WEBVIEW_TITLE_CHANGED, &WebViewPanel::OnCloudWebViewEvent, this);
-    m_cloud_browser->Bind(wxEVT_WEBVIEW_ERROR, &WebViewPanel::OnCloudWebViewEvent, this);
-    m_cloud_browser->Bind(wxEVT_WEBVIEW_NEWWINDOW, &WebViewPanel::OnCloudWebViewEvent, this);
-    m_cloud_browser->Bind(wxEVT_WEBVIEW_SCRIPT_MESSAGE_RECEIVED, &WebViewPanel::OnCloudWebViewEvent, this);
-
-    m_cloud_browser->Hide();
-    if (m_content_sizer)
-        m_content_sizer->Add(m_cloud_browser, wxSizerFlags().Expand().Proportion(1));
-}
-
-// Consumed on the cloud view so it never reaches the homepage handlers; new windows open in
-// the system browser, the same way PrinterWebView treats them.
-void WebViewPanel::OnCloudWebViewEvent(wxWebViewEvent& evt)
-{
-    if (evt.GetEventType() == wxEVT_WEBVIEW_NEWWINDOW) {
-        const wxString url = evt.GetURL();
-        if (!url.empty())
-            wxLaunchDefaultBrowser(url);
-        evt.Veto();
-    }
-}
-
-void WebViewPanel::apply_cloud_layout(bool cloud_on)
-{
-    if (!m_content_sizer)
-        return;
-
-    // Cloud mode pins the homepage to the nav column width; otherwise it fills the panel.
-    if (m_browser) {
-        if (wxSizerItem* item = m_content_sizer->GetItem(m_browser))
-            item->SetProportion(cloud_on ? 0 : 1);
-        // kLeftNavWidth is in DIP: the web view's CSS px are DIP, so scale to physical pixels.
-        m_browser->SetMinSize(cloud_on ? m_browser->FromDIP(wxSize(kLeftNavWidth, -1)) : wxDefaultSize);
-    }
-    Layout();
-}
-
-void WebViewPanel::set_cloud_mode(bool on, const wxString& url)
-{
-    if (on) {
-        if (!m_cloud_browser) {
-            create_cloud_browser();
-            if (url.empty()) {
-                WebView::LoadUrl(m_cloud_browser, wxString(kCloudUrl));
-            } else {
-                // Load the handoff directly: WebView::LoadUrl re-serializes through wxURI, which
-                // could alter the fragment that carries the session.
-                m_cloud_browser->LoadURL(url);
-            }
-        } else if (!url.empty()) {
-            // Re-inject a freshly-refreshed session whenever the pane is (re)opened.
-            m_cloud_browser->LoadURL(url);
-        }
-        m_cloud_browser->Show();
-    } else if (m_cloud_browser) {
-        m_cloud_browser->Hide();
-        // Supabase scrubs with window.location.hash='', so the token fragment can remain in
-        // history; drop it when the pane is closed.
-        m_cloud_browser->ClearHistory();
-    }
-    apply_cloud_layout(on && m_cloud_browser != nullptr);
-}
-
 void WebViewPanel::reset_browser()
 {
-    // Rebuild both views the same way, keeping the cloud pane's open/closed state.
-    const bool cloud_on = m_cloud_browser && m_cloud_browser->IsShown();
-
    m_browser->Destroy(); // also removes it from the sizer
    create_browser();
-    m_content_sizer->Insert(size_t(0), m_browser, wxSizerFlags().Expand().Proportion(1));
-
-    if (m_cloud_browser) {
-        m_cloud_browser->Destroy();
-        m_cloud_browser = nullptr;
-        create_cloud_browser();
-        WebView::LoadUrl(m_cloud_browser, kCloudUrl);
-        m_cloud_browser->Show(cloud_on);
-    }
-
-    apply_cloud_layout(cloud_on);
+    GetSizer()->Add(m_browser, wxSizerFlags().Expand().Proportion(1));
+    Layout();
 }

 bool WebViewPanel::Show(bool show)
@@ -742,7 +645,7 @@ void WebViewPanel::update_mode()
    */
 void WebViewPanel::OnNavigationRequest(wxWebViewEvent& evt)
 {
-    BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(trace) << __FUNCTION__ << ": " << WebView::RedactUrl(evt.GetURL()).ToUTF8().data();
+    BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(trace) << __FUNCTION__ << ": " << evt.GetURL().ToUTF8().data();
    const wxString &url = evt.GetURL();
    if (url.StartsWith("File://") || url.StartsWith("file://")) {
        if (!url.Contains("/web/homepage/index.html")) {
@@ -788,7 +691,7 @@ void WebViewPanel::OnNavigationComplete(wxWebViewEvent& evt)
 {
    m_browser->Show();
    Layout();
-    BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(trace) << __FUNCTION__ << ": " << WebView::RedactUrl(evt.GetURL()).ToUTF8().data();
+    BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(trace) << __FUNCTION__ << ": " << evt.GetURL().ToUTF8().data();
    if (wxGetApp().get_mode() == comDevelop)
        wxLogMessage("%s", "Navigation complete; url='" + evt.GetURL() + "'");
    UpdateState();
@@ -807,9 +710,6 @@ void WebViewPanel::OnDocumentLoaded(wxWebViewEvent& evt)
        if (wxGetApp().get_mode() == comDevelop)
            wxLogMessage("%s", "Document loaded; url='" + evt.GetURL() + "'");
    }
-    // A reloaded homepage loses its cloud-mode class; restore it if the pane is open.
-    if (m_cloud_browser && m_cloud_browser->IsShown())
-        RunScript("SetCloudMode(true)");
    UpdateState();
    SendCloudProvidersInfo();
 }
@@ -825,7 +725,7 @@ void WebViewPanel::OnTitleChanged(wxWebViewEvent &evt)
    */
 void WebViewPanel::OnNewWindow(wxWebViewEvent& evt)
 {
-    BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(trace) << __FUNCTION__ << ": " << WebView::RedactUrl(evt.GetURL()).ToUTF8().data();
+    BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(trace) << __FUNCTION__ << ": " << evt.GetURL().ToUTF8().data();
    wxString flag = " (other)";

    if (evt.GetNavigationAction() == wxWEBVIEW_NAV_ACTION_USER)
@@ -28,7 +28,6 @@
 #include "wx/fs_mem.h"
 #include "wx/stdpaths.h"
 #include <wx/panel.h>
-#include <wx/sizer.h>
 #include <wx/tbarbase.h>
 #include "wx/textctrl.h"
 #include <wx/timer.h>
@@ -115,27 +114,12 @@ public:

    void update_mode();

-    // Shows/hides the native OrcaCloud pane beside this homepage nav column. When the pane is
-    // created, or when `on` is true with a non-empty `url`, that URL is loaded (the fragment
-    // carries a Supabase session handoff); `url` empty falls back to the cloud home page.
-    void set_cloud_mode(bool on, const wxString& url = wxString());
-
-    // True while the OrcaCloud pane exists and is visible.
-    bool cloud_mode_active() const { return m_cloud_browser && m_cloud_browser->IsShown(); }
-
    bool Show(bool show = true) override;
 private:
    void create_browser();
-    void create_cloud_browser();
    void reset_browser();
-    // Consumes the cloud pane's webview events so they stay off the homepage handlers.
-    void OnCloudWebViewEvent(wxWebViewEvent& evt);
-    // Re-applies the content sizer's proportions and min sizes for the cloud state.
-    void apply_cloud_layout(bool cloud_on);

    wxWebView* m_browser;
-    wxWebView* m_cloud_browser{nullptr};
-    wxBoxSizer* m_content_sizer{nullptr};
    wxString m_home_url;
    bool m_reset_on_show{false};
    wxButton *  m_button_stop;
@@ -82,11 +82,6 @@ ComboBox::ComboBox(wxWindow *parent,
        e.SetId(GetId());
        GetEventHandler()->ProcessEvent(e);
    });
-    drop.Bind(EVT_DROPDOWN_ITEM_ACTION, [this](wxCommandEvent &e) {
-        e.SetEventObject(this);
-        e.SetId(GetId());
-        GetEventHandler()->ProcessEvent(e);
-    });
    drop.Bind(EVT_DISMISS, [this](auto &) {
        drop_down = false;
        wxCommandEvent e(wxEVT_COMBOBOX_CLOSEUP);
@@ -256,7 +251,7 @@ int ComboBox::Append(const wxString &text,
                     int style)
 {
    auto valid_bit_map = bitmap.IsOk() ? bitmap : wxNullBitmap;
-    Item item{text, wxEmptyString, valid_bit_map, valid_bit_map, wxNullBitmap, clientData, group_key, group_label};
+    Item item{text, wxEmptyString, valid_bit_map, valid_bit_map, clientData, group_key, group_label};
    item.style = style;
    items.push_back(item);
    SetClientDataType(wxClientData_Void);
@@ -302,12 +297,6 @@ void ComboBox::ForceDropdownOpen()
    }
 }

-void ComboBox::CloseDropdown()
-{
-    if (drop.IsShown())
-        drop.DismissAndNotify();
-}
-
 unsigned int ComboBox::GetCount() const { return items.size(); }

 void ComboBox::set_replace_text(wxString text, wxString image_name)
@@ -361,13 +350,6 @@ void ComboBox::SetItemBitmap(unsigned int n, wxBitmap const &bitmap)
    drop.Invalidate();
 }

-void ComboBox::SetItemActionBitmap(unsigned int n, wxBitmap const &bitmap)
-{
-    if (n >= items.size()) return;
-    items[n].action_icon = bitmap.IsOk() ? bitmap : wxNullBitmap;
-    drop.Invalidate();
-}
-
 int ComboBox::DoInsertItems(const wxArrayStringsAdapter &items,
                            unsigned int                 pos,
                            void **                      clientData,
@@ -375,7 +357,7 @@ int ComboBox::DoInsertItems(const wxArrayStringsAdapter &items,
 {
    if (pos > this->items.size()) return -1;
    for (int i = 0; i < items.GetCount(); ++i) {
-        Item item { items[i], wxEmptyString, wxNullBitmap, wxNullBitmap, wxNullBitmap, clientData ? clientData[i] : NULL };
+        Item item { items[i], wxEmptyString, wxNullBitmap, wxNullBitmap, clientData ? clientData[i] : NULL };
        this->items.insert(this->items.begin() + pos, item);
        ++pos;
    }
@@ -437,18 +419,16 @@ void ComboBox::keyDown(wxKeyEvent& event)
        case WXK_UP:
        case WXK_DOWN:
        case WXK_LEFT:
-        case WXK_RIGHT: {
-            // Step over disabled rows: the mouse cannot select them either.
-            const int step = (event.GetKeyCode() == WXK_UP || event.GetKeyCode() == WXK_LEFT) ? -1 : 1;
-            int       n    = GetSelection() + step;
-            while (n >= 0 && n < int(items.size()) && (items[n].style & DD_ITEM_STYLE_DISABLED))
-                n += step;
-            if (n < 0 || n >= int(items.size()))
+        case WXK_RIGHT:
+            if ((event.GetKeyCode() == WXK_UP || event.GetKeyCode() == WXK_LEFT) && GetSelection() > 0) {
+                SetSelection(GetSelection() - 1);
+            } else if ((event.GetKeyCode() == WXK_DOWN || event.GetKeyCode() == WXK_RIGHT) && GetSelection() + 1 < items.size()) {
+                SetSelection(GetSelection() + 1);
+            } else {
                break;
-            SetSelection(n);
+            }
            sendComboBoxEvent();
            break;
-        }
        case WXK_TAB:
            HandleAsNavigationKey(event);
            break;
@@ -96,12 +96,10 @@ public:

    wxBitmap GetItemBitmap(unsigned int n);
    void     SetItemBitmap(unsigned int n, wxBitmap const &bitmap);
-    void     SetItemActionBitmap(unsigned int n, wxBitmap const &bitmap);
    bool     is_drop_down(){return drop_down;}
    void     DeleteOneItem(unsigned int pos) { DoDeleteOneItem(pos); }

    void ForceDropdownOpen();
-    void CloseDropdown();

 protected:
    virtual int  DoInsertItems(const wxArrayStringsAdapter &items,
@@ -30,7 +30,6 @@
 #include "slic3r/GUI/wxExtensions.hpp"

 wxDEFINE_EVENT(EVT_DISMISS, wxCommandEvent);
-wxDEFINE_EVENT(EVT_DROPDOWN_ITEM_ACTION, wxCommandEvent);

 BEGIN_EVENT_TABLE(DropDown, PopupWindow)

@@ -243,19 +242,6 @@ static wxSize GetBmpSize(wxBitmap & bmp)
 #endif
 }

-// The x-range [first, second) of the column at the right of the rows that holds the items' action
-// icons, empty when no item has one. render() draws the icons in it and mouseReleased() hit-tests
-// clicks against it, so the drawn icon and its clickable area always match.
-std::pair<int, int> DropDown::actionColumn() const
-{
-    if (actionIconWidth <= 0)
-        return {0, 0};
-    int right = rowSize.x;
-    if (rowSize.y * count > GetSize().y) // position bar
-        right -= 6;
-    return {right - actionIconWidth - FromDIP(16), right};
-}
-
 static void _DrawSplitItem(const wxWindow* w, wxDC& dc, wxString split_text, wxPoint start_pt, int item_width, int item_height)
 {
    // save dc
@@ -385,10 +371,6 @@ void DropDown::render(wxDC &dc)
        rcContent.width -= szBmp.x + 5;
    }

-    const auto action_column = actionColumn();
-    if (action_column.second > action_column.first)
-        rcContent.width = action_column.first - rcContent.x;
-
    std::set<wxString> groups;
    // draw texts & icons
    int index = 0;
@@ -452,24 +434,13 @@ void DropDown::render(wxDC &dc)
        auto text = group.IsEmpty()
                        ? (item.group_key.IsEmpty() ? item.text : item.group_label)
                        : item.text;
-        if (item.action_icon.IsOk()) {
-            auto action_size = GetBmpSize(item.action_icon);
-            wxPoint action_pt(action_column.second - action_size.x - FromDIP(8),
-                              rcContent.y + (rcContent.height - action_size.y) / 2);
-            dc.DrawBitmap(item.action_icon, action_pt);
-        }
-
        if (!text_off && !text.IsEmpty()) {
            wxSize tSize = dc.GetMultiLineTextExtent(text);
            if (pt.x + tSize.x > rcContent.GetRight()) {
-                int max_text_width = rcContent.GetRight() - pt.x;
-                if (max_text_width <= 0) {
-                    text.clear();
-                } else {
-                    if (is_hover && item.tip.IsEmpty())
-                        SetToolTip(text);
-                    text = wxControl::Ellipsize(text, dc, wxELLIPSIZE_END, max_text_width);
-                }
+                if (is_hover && item.tip.IsEmpty())
+                    SetToolTip(text);
+                text = wxControl::Ellipsize(text, dc, wxELLIPSIZE_END,
+                                            rcContent.GetRight() - pt.x);
            }
            pt.y += (rcContent.height - textSize.y) / 2;
            dc.SetFont(GetFont());
@@ -558,7 +529,6 @@ void DropDown::messureSize()
    if (!need_sync) return;
    textSize = wxSize();
    iconSize = wxSize();
-    actionIconWidth = 0;
    count = 0;
    wxClientDC dc(GetParent() ? GetParent() : this);
    dc.SetFont(GetFont());
@@ -595,13 +565,8 @@ void DropDown::messureSize()
                size1.x += size2.x + (text_off ? 0 : 5);
            }
        }
-        if (item.action_icon.IsOk())
-            actionIconWidth = std::max(actionIconWidth, GetBmpSize(item.action_icon).x);
        if (size1.x > textSize.x) textSize = size1;
    }
-    // Every row leaves room for the action column, as render() and actionColumn() lay it out.
-    if (actionIconWidth > 0)
-        textSize.x += actionIconWidth + FromDIP(16);
    if (!align_icon) iconSize.x = 0;
    wxSize szContent = textSize;
    if (szContent.x < FromDIP(120) && !use_content_width)
@@ -671,11 +636,6 @@ void DropDown::messureSize()
            e.SetId(GetId());
            GetEventHandler()->ProcessEvent(e);
        });
-        subDropDown->Bind(EVT_DROPDOWN_ITEM_ACTION, [this](wxCommandEvent &e) {
-            e.SetEventObject(this);
-            e.SetId(GetId());
-            GetEventHandler()->ProcessEvent(e);
-        });
    }
    need_sync = false;
 }
@@ -754,15 +714,6 @@ void DropDown::mouseReleased(wxMouseEvent& event)
        if (hover_item < 0)
            return;
        if (hover_item >= 0 && (subDropDown == nullptr || subDropDown->group.empty())) { // not moved
-            int index = hoverIndex();
-            if (index >= 0 && items[index].action_icon.IsOk()) {
-                const auto action_column = actionColumn();
-                if (event.GetX() >= action_column.first && event.GetX() < action_column.second) {
-                    sendDropDownActionEvent(index);
-                    paintNow();
-                    return;
-                }
-            }
            sendDropDownEvent();
            if (mainDropDown)
                mainDropDown->hover_item = -1; // To Dismiss mainDropDown
@@ -879,17 +830,6 @@ void DropDown::sendDropDownEvent()
    GetEventHandler()->ProcessEvent(event);
 }

-void DropDown::sendDropDownActionEvent(int index)
-{
-    if (index < 0 || index >= int(items.size()) || (items[index].style & DD_ITEM_STYLE_DISABLED))
-        return;
-    wxCommandEvent event(EVT_DROPDOWN_ITEM_ACTION, GetId());
-    event.SetEventObject(this);
-    event.SetInt(index);
-    event.SetString(items[index].text);
-    GetEventHandler()->ProcessEvent(event);
-}
-
 void DropDown::Dismiss()
 {
    if (subDropDown && subDropDown->IsShown())
@@ -5,7 +5,6 @@
 #include <wx/event.h>
 #include <vector>
 #include <cstddef>
-#include <utility>
 #include <wx/gdicmn.h>
 #include "slic3r/GUI/Widgets/StateColor.hpp"
 #include <boost/date_time/posix_time/ptime.hpp>
@@ -28,7 +27,6 @@ class wxWindow;
 #define DD_ITEM_STYLE_DIMMED      0x0004 // gray text, but still selectable

 wxDECLARE_EVENT(EVT_DISMISS, wxCommandEvent);
-wxDECLARE_EVENT(EVT_DROPDOWN_ITEM_ACTION, wxCommandEvent);

 class DropDown : public PopupWindow
 {
@@ -39,7 +37,6 @@ public:
        wxString text_static_tips;// display static tips for TextInput.eg.PrinterInfoBox
        wxBitmap icon;
        wxBitmap icon_textctrl;// display icon for TextInput.eg.PrinterInfoBox
-        wxBitmap action_icon;
        void *   data{nullptr};
        wxString group_key{};
        wxString group_label{};
@@ -68,7 +65,6 @@ private:

    wxSize textSize;
    wxSize iconSize;
-    int    actionIconWidth = 0;
    wxSize rowSize;

    StateHandler state_handler;
@@ -139,7 +135,6 @@ private:
    int hoverIndex();

    int selectedItem();
-    std::pair<int, int> actionColumn() const;

    friend class ComboBox;
    void messureSize();
@@ -153,7 +148,6 @@ private:
    void mouseWheelMoved(wxMouseEvent &event);

    void sendDropDownEvent();
-    void sendDropDownActionEvent(int index);


    DECLARE_EVENT_TABLE()
@@ -418,12 +418,6 @@ bool WebView::DownloadAndInstallWebViewRuntime()
    return DownloadAndInstallWV2RT() == 0;
 }
 #endif
-wxString WebView::RedactUrl(const wxString& url)
-{
-    const size_t cut = url.find_first_of(wxString("?#"));
-    return cut == wxString::npos ? url : url.Left(cut);
-}
-
 void WebView::LoadUrl(wxWebView * webView, wxString const &url)
 {
    auto url2  = url;
@@ -431,7 +425,7 @@ void WebView::LoadUrl(wxWebView * webView, wxString const &url)
    url2.Replace("\\", "/");
 #endif
    if (!url2.empty()) { url2 = wxURI(url2).BuildURI(); }
-    BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(trace) << __FUNCTION__ << RedactUrl(url2).ToUTF8();
+    BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(trace) << __FUNCTION__ << url2.ToUTF8();
    webView->LoadURL(url2);
 }

@@ -21,10 +21,6 @@ public:
 #endif
    static void LoadUrl(wxWebView * webView, wxString const &url);

-    // Returns the URL truncated at the first '?' or '#', so a query/fragment carrying secrets
-    // (e.g. a session-handoff token) is never written to a log.
-    static wxString RedactUrl(const wxString& url);
-
    static bool RunScript(wxWebView * webView, wxString const & msg);

    // Marks "wx" as registered so CreateWebView's deferred add skips the duplicate.
@@ -85,8 +85,6 @@ namespace {
 constexpr const char* ORCA_DEFAULT_API_URL   = "https://api.orcaslicer.com";
 constexpr const char* ORCA_DEFAULT_AUTH_URL  = "https://auth.orcaslicer.com";
 constexpr const char* ORCA_DEFAULT_CLOUD_URL = "https://cloud.orcaslicer.com";
-// Host component of ORCA_DEFAULT_CLOUD_URL. The handoff pins to it (build_webview_handoff_url).
-constexpr const char* ORCA_DEFAULT_CLOUD_HOST = "cloud.orcaslicer.com";
 // Orca: This is a public key with no secret, used to identify the client application to the backend.
 constexpr const char* ORCA_DEFAULT_PUB_KEY = "sb_publishable_lvVe_whOi80SU9BPSxM1kA_tbt9AbR_";

@@ -3020,82 +3018,6 @@ std::string OrcaCloudServiceAgent::get_cloud_login_url(const std::string& langua
    return url;
 }

-// True when the two strings are equal ignoring ASCII case.
-static bool ascii_iequals(const std::string& a, const std::string& b)
-{
-    return a.size() == b.size() &&
-           std::equal(a.begin(), a.end(), b.begin(),
-                      [](char x, char y) { return std::tolower(static_cast<unsigned char>(x)) ==
-                                                  std::tolower(static_cast<unsigned char>(y)); });
-}
-
-// Percent-encodes every byte outside the RFC 3986 unreserved set (A-Za-z0-9-._~), so token values
-// survive fragment parsing intact. Deliberately tiny: no URL-encoder dependency.
-static std::string percent_encode_unreserved(const std::string& s)
-{
-    static const char* const hex = "0123456789ABCDEF";
-    std::string out;
-    out.reserve(s.size());
-    for (unsigned char c : s) {
-        if ((c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z') || (c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') || (c >= '0' && c <= '9') ||
-            c == '-' || c == '.' || c == '_' || c == '~') {
-            out.push_back(static_cast<char>(c));
-        } else {
-            out.push_back('%');
-            out.push_back(hex[c >> 4]);
-            out.push_back(hex[c & 0x0F]);
-        }
-    }
-    return out;
-}
-
-std::string OrcaCloudServiceAgent::build_webview_handoff_url() const
-{
-    if (cloud_base_url.empty())
-        return "";
-
-    // Pin the handoff to the known cloud origin: https, no userinfo, no port (or :443), and the
-    // exact host. The OrcaCloud pane hardcodes the same host as kCloudUrl in WebViewDialog.cpp, so
-    // the handoff must target that host; if the pane ever becomes configurable, both must move
-    // together. Rejecting anything else avoids handing the refresh token to a plaintext or
-    // attacker-controlled base URL.
-    const std::string https_prefix = "https://";
-    const bool https_scheme = cloud_base_url.size() >= https_prefix.size() &&
-                              ascii_iequals(https_prefix, cloud_base_url.substr(0, https_prefix.size()));
-    const std::string authority = https_scheme ? cloud_base_url.substr(https_prefix.size()) : std::string();
-    // host_port = [userinfo@]host[:port], up to the first '/', '?' or '#'.
-    const std::string host_port  = authority.substr(0, authority.find_first_of("/?#"));
-    const bool        has_userinfo = host_port.find('@') != std::string::npos;
-    const size_t      port_sep     = host_port.find(':');
-    const std::string host         = host_port.substr(0, port_sep);
-    const std::string port         = port_sep == std::string::npos ? "" : host_port.substr(port_sep + 1);
-    const bool        host_ok      = ascii_iequals(host, ORCA_DEFAULT_CLOUD_HOST);
-    const bool        port_ok      = port.empty() || port == "443";
-    if (!https_scheme || has_userinfo || !host_ok || !port_ok) {
-        BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(warning) << "refusing OrcaCloud webview handoff: cloud URL is not the pinned https origin";
-        return "";
-    }
-
-    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(session_mutex);
-    if (!session.logged_in || session.access_token.empty())
-        return "";
-
-    // Supabase's implicit flow (detectSessionInUrl) requires all four fragment parameters.
-    const auto expires_in = std::max<long long>(0,
-        std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::seconds>(session.expires_at - std::chrono::system_clock::now()).count());
-
-    return cloud_base_url + "/#access_token=" + percent_encode_unreserved(session.access_token) +
-           "&refresh_token=" + percent_encode_unreserved(session.refresh_token) +
-           "&expires_in=" + std::to_string(expires_in) +
-           "&token_type=bearer";
-}
-
-bool OrcaCloudServiceAgent::access_token_needs_refresh(std::chrono::seconds skew) const
-{
-    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(session_mutex);
-    return should_refresh_locked(skew);
-}
-
 int OrcaCloudServiceAgent::get_mw_user_preference(std::function<void(std::string)> callback)
 {
    BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(debug) << "OrcaCloudServiceAgent: get_mw_user_preference (stub)";
@@ -203,11 +203,6 @@ public:
    // ========================================================================
    std::string get_cloud_service_host() override;
    std::string get_cloud_login_url(const std::string& language = "") override;
-    // URL that hands the current session to the OrcaCloud SPA via the URL fragment
-    // (Supabase implicit flow / detectSessionInUrl). Empty when not signed in or no cloud URL.
-    std::string build_webview_handoff_url() const;
-    // True when the access token is missing or will expire within `skew` (no network).
-    bool access_token_needs_refresh(std::chrono::seconds skew) const;
    int connect_server() override;
    bool is_server_connected() override;
    int refresh_connection() override;
@@ -2043,40 +2043,3 @@ TEST_CASE("3MF XML entries declaring more than an int can hold fail to load", "[
        CHECK_FALSE(parser.check_3mf_from_prusa(path));
    }
 }
-
-TEST_CASE("Loading a gcode.3mf from a stream keeps the plate's pick and pattern file paths", "[3mf][Regression]")
-{
-    Model model;
-    REQUIRE(load_stl((std::string(TEST_DATA_DIR) + "/test_3mf/Prusa.stl").c_str(), &model));
-    model.add_default_instances();
-    ScopedTemporaryDir backup_dir("orca_pick");
-    model.set_backup_path(backup_dir.string());
-    DynamicPrintConfig config = DynamicPrintConfig::full_print_config();
-
-    auto plate = std::make_unique<PlateData>();
-    plate->plate_index       = 0;
-    plate->pick_file         = (backup_dir.path() / "pick.png").string();
-    plate->pattern_bbox_file = (backup_dir.path() / "plate.json").string();
-
-    ScopedTemporaryFile temp(".3mf");
-    const std::string   test_file = temp.string();
-    StoreParams store_params;
-    store_params.path   = test_file.c_str();
-    store_params.model  = &model;
-    store_params.config = &config;
-    store_params.plate_data_list.push_back(plate.get());
-    store_params.strategy = SaveStrategy::Zip64 | SaveStrategy::Silence;
-    REQUIRE(store_bbs_3mf(store_params));
-
-    boost::nowide::ifstream in(test_file, std::ios::binary);
-    Model              dst_model;
-    DynamicPrintConfig dst_config;
-    PlateDataPtrs      dst_plates;
-    Semver             file_version;
-    dst_model.set_backup_path(backup_dir.string());
-    REQUIRE(load_gcode_3mf_from_stream(in, &dst_config, &dst_model, &dst_plates, &file_version));
-    REQUIRE(dst_plates.size() == 1);
-    CHECK(dst_plates.front()->pick_file == "Metadata/pick_1.png");
-    CHECK(dst_plates.front()->pattern_bbox_file == "Metadata/plate_1.json");
-    release_PlateData_list(dst_plates);
-}
@@ -1652,6 +1652,321 @@ TEST_CASE("Per-corner LSCM UVs give each triangle its own island's placement", "
    CHECK(differs);
 }

+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// UV orientation: which way up a texture lands on the model.
+//
+// v = 0 is the height map's *first* pixel row, i.e. its top (DecodedHeightTexture::sample(), and
+// the UV editor negates Y on screen for the same reason). So "the image is the right way up" is the
+// statement that the row a point samples gets *lower* as the point moves up the face, and "it is
+// not left-right mirrored" is that the column gets higher as the point moves to the right of a
+// viewer standing outside the model. Both are measured below by sampling a ramp whose value says
+// which row (or column) it came from, which settles the question without having to reason about the
+// uv transform at all.
+
+static constexpr int   RAMP_N      = 64;   // the ramp texture's size, in texels
+static constexpr float RAMP_TILING = 40.f; // mm per tile
+static constexpr float CUBE_HALF   = 5.f;  // half extent of the cube the probes walk over
+// How far a probe steps off a face centre. Short on purpose: the cylindrical and spherical u is an
+// arc length (angle * radius), so a long step also changes the radius, and that term swamps the
+// angular one. It is symmetric about the face centre, so at a short step it cancels between the two
+// readings a check compares.
+static constexpr float RAMP_STEP   = 1.f;
+// What one step's worth of travel is in ramp rows: 2 * RAMP_STEP mm of separation, RAMP_N texels per
+// RAMP_TILING mm. Halved as the margin a check demands, so "flat" cannot pass as either direction.
+static constexpr double RAMP_MARGIN = RAMP_N * RAMP_STEP / RAMP_TILING;
+
+// A height map whose rows (or columns) carry a linear ramp: row r holds 3 + 4r, so the sampled
+// height identifies the row. Built directly rather than through a PNG because these tests are about
+// the projection, not the decoder - decode_height_texture() has its own tests.
+static DecodedHeightTexture ramp_texture(bool by_row)
+{
+    DecodedHeightTexture t;
+    t.width = t.height = RAMP_N;
+    t.pixels.resize(size_t(RAMP_N) * size_t(RAMP_N));
+    for (int y = 0; y < RAMP_N; ++y)
+        for (int x = 0; x < RAMP_N; ++x)
+            t.pixels[size_t(y) * size_t(RAMP_N) + size_t(x)] = uint8_t(3 + 4 * (by_row ? y : x));
+    return t;
+}
+
+// uv 0.5 at the cube's centre, and a tile wide enough that every point the probes visit stays well
+// inside the one tile - so no reading is a wrapped-around neighbour of the one it is compared with.
+static TextureDisplacementLayer ramp_layer(TextureProjectionMethod method)
+{
+    TextureDisplacementLayer layer;
+    layer.projection_method = method;
+    layer.tiling_scale      = RAMP_TILING;
+    layer.offset            = Vec2f(0.5f, 0.5f);
+    layer.depth_mm          = 1.f;
+    return layer;
+}
+
+// Which row (or column) of `ramp` the layer reads at `p`. Fractional, because a point between two
+// texels reads the ramp between them; only the direction it moves in matters here.
+static double ramp_index(const DecodedHeightTexture &ramp, const TextureDisplacementLayer &layer, const Vec3f &p,
+                         const Vec3f &n, const Vec3f &center = Vec3f(Vec3f::Zero()),
+                         const Vec3f &axis = Vec3f(Vec3f::UnitZ()))
+{
+    return (double(sample_layer_height(ramp, layer, p, n, center, axis, nullptr)) * 255.0 - 3.0) / 4.0;
+}
+
+// How a viewer standing outside the model sees a face: their right, and their up. Up is world +Z on
+// the four upright faces; on the top and bottom, where +Z is edge on, it is world +Y.
+static void outside_viewer_frame(const Vec3f &n, Vec3f &right, Vec3f &up)
+{
+    up    = (std::abs(n.z()) < 0.9f) ? Vec3f(0.f, 0.f, 1.f) : Vec3f(0.f, 1.f, 0.f);
+    right = Vec3f((-n).cross(up).normalized());
+}
+
+static const std::array<std::pair<const char *, Vec3f>, 6> CUBE_FACES = { {
+    { "+X", Vec3f(1.f, 0.f, 0.f) },
+    { "-X", Vec3f(-1.f, 0.f, 0.f) },
+    { "+Y", Vec3f(0.f, 1.f, 0.f) },
+    { "-Y", Vec3f(0.f, -1.f, 0.f) },
+    { "+Z", Vec3f(0.f, 0.f, 1.f) },
+    { "-Z", Vec3f(0.f, 0.f, -1.f) },
+} };
+
+TEST_CASE("the box projection lands a texture upright and unmirrored on all six faces of a cube",
+          "[TextureDisplacement]")
+{
+    const DecodedHeightTexture     rows  = ramp_texture(true);
+    const DecodedHeightTexture     cols  = ramp_texture(false);
+    const TextureDisplacementLayer layer = ramp_layer(TextureProjectionMethod::Triplanar);
+
+    for (const auto &[name, n] : CUBE_FACES) {
+        DYNAMIC_SECTION("face " << name)
+        {
+            Vec3f right, up;
+            outside_viewer_frame(n, right, up);
+            const Vec3f centre = n * CUBE_HALF;
+
+            // Upright: the row read near the top of the face is nearer the image's first row.
+            const double row_up   = ramp_index(rows, layer, centre + up * RAMP_STEP, n);
+            const double row_down = ramp_index(rows, layer, centre - up * RAMP_STEP, n);
+            INFO("row at the top of the face " << row_up << ", at the bottom " << row_down);
+            CHECK(row_down - row_up > RAMP_MARGIN);
+
+            // Unmirrored: the column read to the viewer's right is further into the image. Without a
+            // per-side sign this fails on exactly the three faces facing away - -X, +Y and -Z - which
+            // is the mirroring a bare v flip leaves behind.
+            const double col_left  = ramp_index(cols, layer, centre - right * RAMP_STEP, n);
+            const double col_right = ramp_index(cols, layer, centre + right * RAMP_STEP, n);
+            INFO("column at the left of the face " << col_left << ", at the right " << col_right);
+            CHECK(col_right - col_left > RAMP_MARGIN);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+TEST_CASE("every projection method lands a texture upright on an upright face", "[TextureDisplacement]")
+{
+    const DecodedHeightTexture rows = ramp_texture(true);
+    // ViewProjected is one flat projection from the captured camera rather than a per-face map, so its
+    // "up" is the projector's own (view_project_up), which the default capture puts at +Y.
+    const auto method = GENERATE(TextureProjectionMethod::Triplanar, TextureProjectionMethod::Cylindrical,
+                                 TextureProjectionMethod::Spherical, TextureProjectionMethod::ViewProjected);
+    const TextureDisplacementLayer layer = ramp_layer(method);
+
+    for (const auto &[name, n] : CUBE_FACES) {
+        // Only the four upright faces: on the top and bottom a cylinder's v is constant (they are its
+        // caps) and a sphere's is at an extremum (they are its poles), so neither says anything about
+        // which way up the image is.
+        if (std::abs(n.z()) > 0.9f)
+            continue;
+        DYNAMIC_SECTION("method " << int(method) << ", face " << name)
+        {
+            const Vec3f up = (method == TextureProjectionMethod::ViewProjected) ? layer.view_project_up :
+                                                                                 Vec3f(0.f, 0.f, 1.f);
+            const Vec3f centre = n * CUBE_HALF;
+            const double row_up   = ramp_index(rows, layer, centre + up * RAMP_STEP, n);
+            const double row_down = ramp_index(rows, layer, centre - up * RAMP_STEP, n);
+            INFO("row at the top " << row_up << ", at the bottom " << row_down);
+            CHECK(row_down - row_up > RAMP_MARGIN);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+TEST_CASE("the cylindrical and spherical wraps run left to right as seen from outside", "[TextureDisplacement]")
+{
+    const DecodedHeightTexture cols = ramp_texture(false);
+    const auto method = GENERATE(TextureProjectionMethod::Cylindrical, TextureProjectionMethod::Spherical);
+    const TextureDisplacementLayer layer = ramp_layer(method);
+
+    for (const auto &[name, n] : CUBE_FACES) {
+        // The caps and poles are out, as above - u is undefined on the axis. So is whichever face the
+        // atan2 branch cut runs through, where u jumps from +pi to -pi: that is a real seam in both
+        // projections, and a reading taken across it compares two opposite sides of the model.
+        if (std::abs(n.z()) > 0.9f)
+            continue;
+        const bool on_the_cut = (method == TextureProjectionMethod::Cylindrical) ? (n.y() < -0.9f) : (n.x() < -0.9f);
+        if (on_the_cut)
+            continue;
+        DYNAMIC_SECTION("method " << int(method) << ", face " << name)
+        {
+            Vec3f right, up;
+            outside_viewer_frame(n, right, up);
+            const Vec3f  centre    = n * CUBE_HALF;
+            const double col_left  = ramp_index(cols, layer, centre - right * RAMP_STEP, n);
+            const double col_right = ramp_index(cols, layer, centre + right * RAMP_STEP, n);
+            INFO("column at the left " << col_left << ", at the right " << col_right);
+            CHECK(col_right - col_left > RAMP_MARGIN);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+TEST_CASE("an unwrapped cube's flat charts are laid out the right way up", "[TextureDisplacement]")
+{
+    indexed_triangle_set cube = its_make_cube(2. * CUBE_HALF, 2. * CUBE_HALF, 2. * CUBE_HALF);
+    for (Vec3f &v : cube.vertices)
+        v -= Vec3f(CUBE_HALF, CUBE_HALF, CUBE_HALF);
+
+    const PatchUnwrap unwrap = compute_patch_unwrap(cube, LSCM_DEFAULT_SEAM_ANGLE_DEG);
+    REQUIRE_FALSE(unwrap.empty());
+    REQUIRE(unwrap.chart_count == 6); // one flat chart per face, cut at the 90-degree edges
+
+    // Each chart carries one face. The four upright ones span world Z, and their v has to grow
+    // downwards like every other projection's - whatever the packing then did with the island.
+    int upright_charts = 0;
+    for (int c = 0; c < unwrap.chart_count; ++c) {
+        int top = -1, bottom = -1;
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < unwrap.uvs.size(); ++i) {
+            if (unwrap.vertex_chart[i] != c)
+                continue;
+            const float z = cube.vertices[size_t(unwrap.source_vertex[i])].z();
+            if (top < 0 || z > cube.vertices[size_t(unwrap.source_vertex[size_t(top)])].z())
+                top = int(i);
+            if (bottom < 0 || z < cube.vertices[size_t(unwrap.source_vertex[size_t(bottom)])].z())
+                bottom = int(i);
+        }
+        REQUIRE(top >= 0);
+        REQUIRE(bottom >= 0);
+        const float v_top = unwrap.uvs[size_t(top)].y(), v_bottom = unwrap.uvs[size_t(bottom)].y();
+        if (std::abs(v_top - v_bottom) < 1e-3f)
+            continue; // a cap: the whole chart is at one height, so it has no up
+        ++upright_charts;
+        DYNAMIC_SECTION("chart " << c)
+        {
+            INFO("v at the chart's topmost vertex " << v_top << ", at its bottommost " << v_bottom);
+            CHECK(v_bottom - v_top > 1.f);
+        }
+    }
+    CHECK(upright_charts == 4); // the four sides; the top and bottom faces are the caps skipped above
+}
+
+TEST_CASE("project_planar agrees with the box projection's own axes", "[TextureDisplacement]")
+{
+    // The two express the same table in different shapes - one a pair of world axes for the GUI, the
+    // other the closed form the bake's hot path uses - so they are checked against each other here
+    // rather than left to drift apart.
+    const Vec3f p(2.f, -3.f, 7.f);
+    for (const auto &[name, n] : CUBE_FACES) {
+        DYNAMIC_SECTION("face " << name)
+        {
+            Vec3f u_axis, v_axis;
+            box_projection_axes(n, u_axis, v_axis);
+            const Vec2f planar = project_planar(p, n);
+            CHECK_THAT(planar.x(), WithinAbs(p.dot(u_axis), 1e-5f));
+            CHECK_THAT(planar.y(), WithinAbs(p.dot(v_axis), 1e-5f));
+            // Right-handed for a viewer outside the model: u to their right, v down, so u x v points
+            // into the surface. Getting this wrong is exactly what mirrors a face.
+            CHECK_THAT(u_axis.cross(v_axis).dot(n), WithinAbs(-1.f, 1e-5f));
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+// An image with a different value in each quadrant, so one bake says both which way up it landed
+// and whether it came out mirrored. Distinct enough that a wrong quadrant cannot be mistaken for the
+// right one: top-left 255, top-right 170, bottom-left 85, bottom-right 0.
+static std::shared_ptr<std::vector<unsigned char>> make_quadrant_marker_png(size_t w = 32, size_t h = 32)
+{
+    std::vector<uint8_t> pixels(w * h);
+    for (size_t y = 0; y < h; ++y)
+        for (size_t x = 0; x < w; ++x)
+            pixels[y * w + x] = (y < h / 2) ? ((x < w / 2) ? 255 : 170) : ((x < w / 2) ? 85 : 0);
+    const boost::filesystem::path tmp_path = boost::filesystem::temp_directory_path()
+        / boost::filesystem::unique_path("texdisp_test_%%%%%%%%.png");
+    REQUIRE(Slic3r::png::write_gray_to_file(tmp_path.string(), w, h, pixels));
+
+    std::vector<unsigned char> bytes;
+    {
+        std::ifstream ifs(tmp_path.string(), std::ios::binary);
+        bytes.assign(std::istreambuf_iterator<char>(ifs), std::istreambuf_iterator<char>());
+    }
+    boost::system::error_code ec;
+    boost::filesystem::remove(tmp_path, ec);
+
+    REQUIRE_FALSE(bytes.empty());
+    return std::make_shared<std::vector<unsigned char>>(std::move(bytes));
+}
+
+TEST_CASE("baking an asymmetric image puts the top of the image at the top of the model", "[TextureDisplacement]")
+{
+    // An upright wall in the plane y = 0, facing -Y, tessellated so that each of the image's four
+    // quadrants gets a vertex at its centre. A flat sheet rather than a cube because every vertex
+    // normal is then exactly the face normal, which is what makes the expected depth below an exact
+    // number instead of a tri-planar blend of three of them.
+    constexpr int   STEPS = 4;    // cells per side, so 5x5 vertices
+    constexpr float SPAN  = 20.f; // mm, the wall's width and height
+    indexed_triangle_set wall;
+    for (int j = 0; j <= STEPS; ++j)
+        for (int i = 0; i <= STEPS; ++i)
+            wall.vertices.emplace_back(-SPAN / 2.f + SPAN * float(i) / float(STEPS), 0.f,
+                                       SPAN * float(j) / float(STEPS));
+    const auto at = [](int i, int j) { return j * (STEPS + 1) + i; };
+    for (int j = 0; j < STEPS; ++j)
+        for (int i = 0; i < STEPS; ++i) {
+            // Wound so that (+x) x (+z) = -y: the wall faces -Y, away from the origin.
+            wall.indices.emplace_back(at(i, j), at(i + 1, j), at(i + 1, j + 1));
+            wall.indices.emplace_back(at(i, j), at(i + 1, j + 1), at(i, j + 1));
+        }
+
+    TextureDisplacementFacetsData facets{};
+    facets[0] = paint_whole_mesh(wall);
+
+    TextureDisplacementLayer layer;
+    layer.slot              = 0;
+    layer.projection_method = TextureProjectionMethod::Triplanar;
+    layer.image_data        = make_quadrant_marker_png();
+    layer.depth_mm          = 2.f;
+    // The wall is 20 mm across and one tile is 40 mm, so it covers the middle half of the image in
+    // both axes: the quadrant boundaries land on x = 0 and z = 10, and the probed vertices sit a
+    // whole number of texels away from both.
+    layer.tiling_scale      = 40.f;
+    layer.offset            = Vec2f(0.5f, 0.75f);
+    // A single decal rather than a repeat, so that getting the orientation wrong cannot be masked by
+    // the wrap bringing the flipped coordinate back into the image at a plausible-looking row. With
+    // tiling off, uv stays inside [0.25, 0.75] in both axes only while v runs the right way.
+    layer.tile_enabled      = false;
+
+    const indexed_triangle_set result = build_texture_displacement(wall, { layer }, facets, classic_options());
+    REQUIRE(result.vertices.size() == wall.vertices.size());
+
+    // Seen from outside this face the viewer's right is +X and their up is +Z, so the image's
+    // top-left quadrant has to land at low x and high z. Each entry: the vertex, and the image value
+    // whose quadrant it must have read.
+    const std::array<std::tuple<const char *, int, int, int>, 4> expected = { {
+        { "top-left (255)", 1, 3, 255 },
+        { "top-right (170)", 3, 3, 170 },
+        { "bottom-left (85)", 1, 1, 85 },
+        { "bottom-right (0)", 3, 1, 0 },
+    } };
+
+    for (const auto &[name, i, j, value] : expected) {
+        DYNAMIC_SECTION("quadrant " << name)
+        {
+            const size_t vi = size_t(at(i, j));
+            // The whole displacement is along -Y, so this is the relief's height at that vertex.
+            const float raised = wall.vertices[vi].y() - result.vertices[vi].y();
+            INFO("vertex at " << wall.vertices[vi].x() << ", " << wall.vertices[vi].z());
+            CHECK_THAT(raised, WithinAbs(layer.depth_mm * float(value) / 255.f, 1e-3f));
+            // Nothing moved sideways or vertically: a mirrored or rotated basis would still have
+            // displaced along the normal, so this is here to catch the relief leaning instead.
+            CHECK_THAT(result.vertices[vi].x(), WithinAbs(wall.vertices[vi].x(), 1e-4f));
+            CHECK_THAT(result.vertices[vi].z(), WithinAbs(wall.vertices[vi].z(), 1e-4f));
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 TEST_CASE("The Cylindrical/Spherical patch frame is the bake's own, so a preview can share it", "[TextureDisplacement]")
 {
    // The fast preview reconstructs these two projections in the fragment shader and needs the very