Precise Seam: remove known limitations and rework perimeter intersection (#16072)

Co-authored-by: Ian Bassi <ian.bassi@outlook.com>

.clang-tidy

@@ -14,7 +14,9 @@ CheckOptions:
   # admesh's stl.h, which the include path also exposes without its directory.
   # Clipper's own clipper.hpp is only included through libslic3r/clipper.hpp or
   # clipper_z.hpp, which configure it first, and Boost.Polygon's headers only
-  # work through boost/polygon/polygon.hpp or voronoi.hpp. minilzo's config
+  # work through boost/polygon/polygon.hpp or voronoi.hpp. Clipper2's headers
+  # are included through clipper2/clipper.h, or clipper2_z.hpp, which defines
+  # USINGZ first. minilzo's config
   # headers are internal to minilzo.h.
   # FFmpeg's C headers are left alone because they are only included inside
   # extern "C", which an inserted include would miss. OS-specific headers (GLib,
@@ -59,4 +61,5 @@ CheckOptions:
     png(lib)?conf\.h;
     mcut[/\\]platform\.h;
     boost[/\\]polygon[/\\].*;
+    clipper2[/\\]clipper\.(core|engine|offset|minkowski|rectclip|export|triangulation|version)\.h;
     lzo(conf|defs)\.h

.claude/skills/orca-wxwidgets/SKILL.md

@@ -30,8 +30,9 @@ how you read the wx docs:
 Look things up in the source the app is built from — it beats memory, and 3.3 changed real behaviour:
 
 ```bash
-WX=$(find deps -maxdepth 5 -type d -path '*dep_wxWidgets-prefix/src/dep_wxWidgets' | head -1)
-# macOS: deps/build/<arch>/dep_wxWidgets-prefix/src/dep_wxWidgets   Linux: deps/build/dep_wxWidgets-prefix/...
+WX=$(find -L deps -maxdepth 5 -type d -path '*dep_wxWidgets-prefix/src/dep_wxWidgets' 2>/dev/null | head -1)
+# macOS: deps/build/<arch>/dep_wxWidgets-prefix/src/dep_wxWidgets   Linux, Windows: deps/<tree>/dep_wxWidgets-prefix/...
+# -L follows a worktree's deps/<tree> symlinked to the main checkout. Not a glob: zsh aborts on one that matches nothing.
 # If deps are not built: git clone --depth 1 -b v3.3.2 https://github.com/SoftFever/Orca-deps-wxWidgets
 grep -n "CaptureMouse" -A 30 $WX/interface/wx/window.h      # documented contract (doxygen source)
 grep -rn "@onlyfor\|not implemented" $WX/interface/wx/popupwin.h   # documented platform limits
@@ -40,6 +41,13 @@ grep -n "IsDark" $WX/docs/changes.txt                         # what changed in
 grep -n "NotifyCaptureLost" -r $WX/src/osx $WX/src/gtk $WX/src/msw   # what each port actually does
 ```
 
+On Windows these lookups are bash: run them from Git Bash. PowerShell has no `grep`, and its `find` is
+Windows' text-search `find.exe`. To locate the wx tree from PowerShell:
+
+```powershell
+$WX = Resolve-Path deps\*\dep_wxWidgets-prefix\src\dep_wxWidgets, deps\*\*\dep_wxWidgets-prefix\src\dep_wxWidgets -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue | Select-Object -First 1 -ExpandProperty Path
+```
+
 `interface/wx/<class>.h` is the documentation; `src/common` holds shared behaviour and
 `src/{msw,osx,gtk,unix,generic}` the per-port implementation. When the docs and the source disagree,
 the source is what runs — the references mark such facts **[source]**. Orca-side design docs live in

.claude/skills/orca-wxwidgets/references/controls-dataview.md

@@ -331,6 +331,10 @@ OrcaSlicer: integer spinners are `::SpinInput` ([below](#spininput)); progress b
 Contract:
 - A page must be created with the book as its parent and added once; the book owns and deletes it
   (`interface/wx/bookctrl.h:253-254, 273`). `RemovePage` detaches without deleting, and you then own it (`:324-330`).
+- Removing the selected page selects the page before it (the new first page if it was first) through `SetSelection`,
+  so that page is shown and PAGE_CHANGING/CHANGED are sent; removing a page before the selection only shifts the
+  index. This is `wxBookCtrlBase::DoSetSelectionAfterRemoval` (`src/common/bookctrl.cpp:477-495` **[source]**),
+  called from `DoRemovePage` by `wxSimplebook`, `wxChoicebook`, `wxListbook`, `wxToolbook` and Orca's `Notebook`.
 - `GetSelection()` inside a `PAGE_CHANGED` handler may return the old or the new page depending on the platform; use
   `event.GetSelection()` (`interface/wx/bookctrl.h:160-166`).
 - `wxSimplebook` has no UI; switch with `ChangeSelection()`. `SetSelection()` sends PAGE_CHANGING/CHANGED

.claude/skills/orca-wxwidgets/references/mouse-keyboard-focus.md

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ wx asserts are compiled out in Orca (`wxDEBUG_LEVEL=0`), so every misuse below t
 an assert fails silently. "GTK" means wxGTK3, Orca's Linux default (X11 and Wayland); GTK2 is only
 an opt-out build (`-DDEP_WX_GTK3=OFF`), noted where it differs. Paths starting `interface/`,
 `include/`, `src/`, `docs/` are in the wx tree
-(`find deps -maxdepth 5 -type d -path '*dep_wxWidgets-prefix/src/dep_wxWidgets'`); Orca paths are
+(located as in `SKILL.md` §Ground truth); Orca paths are
 relative to `src/slic3r/GUI/`.
 
 Contents: [Rules](#rules) · [Mouse capture](#mouse-capture) · [Mouse events](#mouse-events) ·

.claude/skills/orca-wxwidgets/references/orca-architecture.md

@@ -332,7 +332,9 @@ indices: pages come and go per printer and per feature flag.
   pages depending on the printer and on `use_printer_agents`; a removed page stays registered but is
   not prebuilt (its `LazyPage::in_book()` is false).
 - Plugin pages are appended by `PluginPages::initialize` (`plugin/host/PluginPages.hpp`) with
-  namespaced ids (`plugin.<plugin_key>.<name>`) that cannot collide with `TAB_ID_*`.
+  namespaced ids (`plugin.<plugin_key>.<name>`) that cannot collide with `TAB_ID_*`. Each is a
+  `LazyPage<PluginPage>` with order −1, destroyed when its capability goes away.
+  → [Deferred construction](#deferred-construction-lazy-lazypage-stagedbuild-idlescheduler)
 
 ### Preset tabs
 
@@ -529,6 +531,32 @@ the main frame does nothing to a panel after creating it.
   m_idle.add(m_diff_dialog);
   ```
   Cite: `IdleScheduler::tick`, `docs/HLSD/deferred-page-construction.md`.
+- **Rule:** A lazy page that can be destroyed while the main frame lives takes a negative order and
+  stays out of `m_lazy_pages`.
+  **Why:** `m_lazy_pages` and `PrebuildQueue` hold raw `LazyBase*` and nothing removes one
+  (`PrebuildQueue` has only `add` and `clear`). The queue calls `pending()` on every task each slice,
+  and `prebuild_pages_when_idle` reads every entry of `m_lazy_pages`, so a page destroyed while still
+  listed can be read after it is freed. A page only taken out of the book is fine: it stays registered
+  and its `pending()` is false (`MainFrame::show_device`).
+  ```cpp
+  // Right (PluginPages::create_page): order -1, and no m_lazy_pages.push_back
+  auto* page = new GUI::LazyPage<PluginPage>(m_parent, name, -1, [capability](wxWindow* parent) {
+      return new PluginPage(parent, capability);
+  });
+  ```
+  Cite: `PluginPages::create_page`, `PluginPages::remove_page`.
+- **Rule:** Remove several lazy pages from a book left to right.
+  **Why:** removing the selected page selects and shows the page before it
+  (`references/controls-dataview.md` §Book controls), and showing an unbuilt `LazyPage` while the frame
+  is shown builds it. In any other order the page before the selected one can be one removed next,
+  built only to be destroyed; left to right it is one that stays (unless the selected page is the
+  book's first).
+  ```cpp
+  // Right (PluginPages::shutdown): m_order is the tabs' left-to-right order
+  for (const PluginCapabilityId& id : std::vector<PluginCapabilityId>(m_order))
+      remove_page(id);
+  ```
+  Cite: `PluginPages::shutdown`, `PluginPages::relayout`, `PluginPages::on_plugin_deregister`.
 
 ## Plater and Sidebar
 

.claude/skills/orca-wxwidgets/references/painting-custom-widgets.md

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ to write a custom control on the wx side and how to author an Orca widget on the
 `StaticBox`/`StateHandler` foundation. Read it before writing or reviewing any `wxEVT_PAINT`
 handler, `render`/`doRender` method, `messureSize`, or a new class under `src/slic3r/GUI/Widgets/`.
 
-wx cites are relative to the pinned wx 3.3.2 tree (`deps/build/<arch>/dep_wxWidgets-prefix/src/dep_wxWidgets`).
+wx cites are relative to the pinned wx 3.3.2 tree (located as in `SKILL.md` §Ground truth).
 Orca builds wx with `wxBUILD_DEBUG_LEVEL=0` and `libslic3r_gui` with `wxDEBUG_LEVEL=0`: every
 wx assert below is compiled out and `wxCHECK*` returns silently, so paint misuse shows up only as
 wrong, missing or stale pixels, never as an assert dialog.

.claude/skills/orca-wxwidgets/references/platforms.md

@@ -78,8 +78,9 @@ Contents: [Rules](#rules) · [The wx build Orca uses](#the-wx-build-orca-uses)
   `references/colours-dark-mode.md`.
 - The checked-out source is the tree that every wx citation in this skill refers to:
   `deps/build/<arch>/dep_wxWidgets-prefix/src/dep_wxWidgets` on macOS and
-  `deps/build/dep_wxWidgets-prefix/src/dep_wxWidgets` on Linux. Find it with
-  `find deps -maxdepth 5 -type d -path '*dep_wxWidgets-prefix/src/dep_wxWidgets'`. On macOS its
+  `deps/<tree>/dep_wxWidgets-prefix/src/dep_wxWidgets` on Linux and Windows (`deps/build` for a
+  release build; `build_win.bat` names the others). Locate it with the bash or PowerShell lookup in
+  `SKILL.md` §Ground truth. On macOS its
   `src/osx/cocoa/colour.mm` already has the patch applied.
 - **Flatpak builds wx separately.** `deps/CMakeLists.txt` leaves `dep_wxWidgets` out of the deps
   target when `FLATPAK` is set. Instead, `scripts/flatpak/com.orcaslicer.OrcaSlicer.yml` has its own

.claude/skills/orca-wxwidgets/references/popups-menus.md

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ How wx 3.3.2 popups and menus behave on each port, and the Orca wrappers built o
 `append_menu_item`, `Plater::PopupMenu` and the macOS menubar versus `BBLTopbar`. Read it before you add
 or change anything that opens over other UI and must close by itself, or any context menu or menubar item.
 
-wx cites are relative to the wx tree root (`deps/build/<arch>/dep_wxWidgets-prefix/src/dep_wxWidgets`).
+wx cites are relative to the wx tree root (located as in `SKILL.md` §Ground truth).
 **[source]** marks behaviour derived from the implementation that the wx docs do not state or contradict.
 Orca builds wx with `wxBUILD_DEBUG_LEVEL=0`, so every "asserts" below means "fails silently in Orca".
 "GTK" means wxGTK3 (X11 and Wayland), the default Linux build; GTK2 is only an opt-out (`-DDEP_WX_GTK3=OFF`).

.claude/skills/orca-wxwidgets/references/threads-timers-app.md

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ yields and nested event loops, progress dialogs, startup, shutdown and exception
 screen, and the access rules for `wxGetApp()` and `app_config`. Read it whenever code runs off the
 main thread, defers work, starts a timer, yields, shows progress, or runs during startup or shutdown.
 
-wx cites are relative to the pinned wx 3.3.2 tree (`deps/build/<arch>/dep_wxWidgets-prefix/src/dep_wxWidgets`).
+wx cites are relative to the pinned wx 3.3.2 tree (located as in `SKILL.md` §Ground truth).
 Orca builds wx with `wxBUILD_DEBUG_LEVEL=0` and `libslic3r_gui` with `wxDEBUG_LEVEL=0`, so `wxASSERT`
 is compiled out and `wxCHECK*` returns silently: a timer started off the main thread never fires on macOS,
 `Exit()` on a loop that is not the active one is ignored, `Start(0)` on macOS fails — all without

.claude/skills/orca-wxwidgets/references/windows-dialogs.md

@@ -6,10 +6,9 @@ port; what Orca's `DPIDialog`/`DPIFrame` add; the Orca dialog recipe; and the `M
 Read it before writing or reviewing any dialog, frame, close handler, `Destroy()`/`delete`, or code
 that keeps a pointer to a window across an event, a `CallAfter` or a modal loop.
 
-wx cites are relative to the pinned wx 3.3.2 tree (`find deps -maxdepth 5 -type d -path
-'*dep_wxWidgets-prefix/src/dep_wxWidgets'`). wx is built with `wxBUILD_DEBUG_LEVEL=0` and
-`libslic3r_gui` with `wxDEBUG_LEVEL=0`: every wx assert quoted below is compiled out, so misuse
-fails silently (dropped call, stuck loop, freed memory), never with an assert dialog. "GTK" below
+wx cites are relative to the pinned wx 3.3.2 tree (located as in `SKILL.md` §Ground truth). wx is
+built with `wxBUILD_DEBUG_LEVEL=0` and `libslic3r_gui` with `wxDEBUG_LEVEL=0`: every wx assert
+quoted below is compiled out, so misuse fails silently (dropped call, stuck loop, freed memory), never with an assert dialog. "GTK" below
 means wxGTK as Orca builds it on Linux: GTK3 by default (X11 or Wayland); GTK2 is only an opt-out.
 
 Contents: [Rules](#rules) · [1 Creating and parenting](#1-creating-and-parenting-windows) ·

.claude/skills/orca-wxwidgets/references/wx-33-changes.md

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ Contents: [Rules](#rules) · [1 Reading the change logs](#1-reading-the-change-l
 [8 Migration done in Orca](#8-migration-already-done-in-orca)
 
 All `docs/`, `interface/`, `include/`, `src/`, `build/` cites are relative to the pinned wx tree
-(`find deps -maxdepth 5 -type d -path '*dep_wxWidgets-prefix/src/dep_wxWidgets'`), except paths
+(located as in `SKILL.md` §Ground truth), except paths
 explicitly called Orca's (`deps/…`, Orca's `src/CMakeLists.txt`) and bare Orca file + symbol cites.
 
 ## Rules

.gitattributes

@@ -10,3 +10,6 @@
 # resume after `call :label`. With LF endings that offset can land wrong and the
 # label lookup fails, so keep these CRLF whatever the platform.
 *.bat text eol=crlf
+
+# OCCT BRep fixtures, kept byte for byte as OCCT wrote them.
+*.brep -text

CMakeLists.txt

@@ -1131,7 +1131,8 @@ function(orcaslicer_copy_dlls target config postfix output_dlls)
     if (NOT OCCT_LIBS)
         message(FATAL_ERROR "OCCT_LIBS is not set; libslic3r must be configured first.")
     endif ()
-    set(_occt_bin "${CMAKE_PREFIX_PATH}/bin/occt")
+    string(TOUPPER "${config}" _config_upper)
+    set(_occt_bin "${OCCT_BIN_DIR_${_config_upper}}")
     set(_occt_dlls "")
     set(_occt_staged "")
     set(_missing_occt "")

deps/OCCT/0001-OCCT-fix.patch

@@ -1,264 +0,0 @@
-diff --git a/adm/cmake/occt_defs_flags.cmake b/adm/cmake/occt_defs_flags.cmake
-index 00000000..00000001 100644
---- a/adm/cmake/occt_defs_flags.cmake
-+++ b/adm/cmake/occt_defs_flags.cmake
-@@ -134,7 +134,11 @@
-     set (CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS "-std=c++0x ${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS}")
-   endif()
-   # Optimize size of binaries
--  set (CMAKE_SHARED_LINKER_FLAGS "-Wl,-s ${CMAKE_SHARED_LINKER_FLAGS}")
-+  # clang-cl reports the Clang compiler ID, and OCCT builds shared on Windows,
-+  # where the MSVC-style linker gets this flag as an argument it does not know.
-+  if (NOT WIN32)
-+    set (CMAKE_SHARED_LINKER_FLAGS "-Wl,-s ${CMAKE_SHARED_LINKER_FLAGS}")
-+  endif()
- elseif(MINGW)
-   add_definitions(-D_WIN32_WINNT=0x0601)
-   # _WIN32_WINNT=0x0601 (use Windows 7 SDK)
-diff --git a/CMakeLists.txt b/CMakeLists.txt
-index d98acc0f..28eb8eb4 100644
---- a/CMakeLists.txt
-+++ b/CMakeLists.txt
-@@ -225,7 +225,7 @@ if (NOT DEFINED INSTALL_DIR_BIN)
-   if ("${INSTALL_DIR_LAYOUT}" STREQUAL "Unix")
-     set (INSTALL_DIR_BIN "bin" CACHE PATH "${INSTALL_DIR_BIN_DESCR}")
-   else()
--    set (INSTALL_DIR_BIN "${OS_WITH_BIT}/${COMPILER}/bin" CACHE PATH "${INSTALL_DIR_BIN_DESCR}")
-+    set (INSTALL_DIR_BIN "bin/occt" CACHE PATH "${INSTALL_DIR_BIN_DESCR}")
-   endif()
- endif()
- 
-@@ -243,11 +243,11 @@ if (NOT DEFINED INSTALL_DIR_LIB)
-   if ("${INSTALL_DIR_LAYOUT}" STREQUAL "Unix")
-     set (INSTALL_DIR_LIB "lib" CACHE PATH "${INSTALL_DIR_LIB_DESCR}")
-   else()
--    set (INSTALL_DIR_LIB "${OS_WITH_BIT}/${COMPILER}/lib" CACHE PATH "${INSTALL_DIR_LIB_DESCR}")
-+    set (INSTALL_DIR_LIB "lib/occt" CACHE PATH "${INSTALL_DIR_LIB_DESCR}")
-   endif()
- endif()
- 
--# OCCT headers: <prefix>/inc for windows,
-+# OCCT headers: <prefix>/include for windows,
- #               <prefix>/include/opencascade-7.0.0 for unix
- if (NOT DEFINED INSTALL_DIR_INCLUDE)
-   if ("${INSTALL_DIR_LAYOUT}" STREQUAL "Unix")
-@@ -256,7 +256,7 @@ if (NOT DEFINED INSTALL_DIR_INCLUDE)
-       set (INSTALL_DIR_INCLUDE "include/opencascade-${OCC_VERSION_STRING_EXT}" CACHE PATH "${INSTALL_DIR_INCLUDE_DESCR}" FORCE)
-     endif()
-   else()
--    set (INSTALL_DIR_INCLUDE "inc" CACHE PATH "${INSTALL_DIR_INCLUDE_DESCR}")
-+    set (INSTALL_DIR_INCLUDE "include/occt" CACHE PATH "${INSTALL_DIR_INCLUDE_DESCR}")
-   endif()
- endif()
- 
-@@ -330,7 +330,7 @@ if (NOT DEFINED INSTALL_DIR_CMAKE)
-       set (INSTALL_DIR_CMAKE "lib/cmake/opencascade" CACHE PATH "${INSTALL_DIR_CMAKE_DESCR}")
-     endif()
-   else()
--    set (INSTALL_DIR_CMAKE "cmake" CACHE PATH "${INSTALL_DIR_CMAKE_DESCR}")
-+    set (INSTALL_DIR_CMAKE "lib/cmake/occt" CACHE PATH "${INSTALL_DIR_CMAKE_DESCR}")
-   endif()
- endif()
- 
-@@ -338,13 +338,13 @@ endif()
- OCCT_INCLUDE_CMAKE_FILE ("adm/cmake/occt_resources")
- 
- # install LICENSE_LGPL_21.txt and OCCT_LGPL_EXCEPTION.txt files
--if ("${INSTALL_DIR_LAYOUT}" STREQUAL "Unix")
--  OCCT_INSTALL_FILE_OR_DIR ("LICENSE_LGPL_21.txt" "${INSTALL_DIR_DOC}")
--  OCCT_INSTALL_FILE_OR_DIR ("OCCT_LGPL_EXCEPTION.txt" "${INSTALL_DIR_DOC}")
--else()
--  OCCT_INSTALL_FILE_OR_DIR ("LICENSE_LGPL_21.txt" ".")
--  OCCT_INSTALL_FILE_OR_DIR ("OCCT_LGPL_EXCEPTION.txt" ".")
--endif()
-+#if ("${INSTALL_DIR_LAYOUT}" STREQUAL "Unix")
-+#  OCCT_INSTALL_FILE_OR_DIR ("LICENSE_LGPL_21.txt" "${INSTALL_DIR_DOC}")
-+#  OCCT_INSTALL_FILE_OR_DIR ("OCCT_LGPL_EXCEPTION.txt" "${INSTALL_DIR_DOC}")
-+#else()
-+#  OCCT_INSTALL_FILE_OR_DIR ("LICENSE_LGPL_21.txt" ".")
-+#  OCCT_INSTALL_FILE_OR_DIR ("OCCT_LGPL_EXCEPTION.txt" ".")
-+#endif()
- 
- if(APPLE)
-   set (INSTALL_NAME_DIR "" CACHE STRING "install_name library suffix on OS X (e.g. @executable_path/../Frameworks)")
-@@ -850,34 +850,34 @@ endif()
- 
- # build directories
- if (SINGLE_GENERATOR)
--  set (CMAKE_ARCHIVE_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY "${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/${OS_WITH_BIT}/${COMPILER}/lib${BIN_LETTER}")
--  set (CMAKE_RUNTIME_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY "${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/${OS_WITH_BIT}/${COMPILER}/bin${BIN_LETTER}")
--  set (CMAKE_LIBRARY_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY "${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/${OS_WITH_BIT}/${COMPILER}/lib${BIN_LETTER}")
-+  set (CMAKE_ARCHIVE_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY "${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/lib/occt")
-+  set (CMAKE_RUNTIME_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY "${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/bin/occt")
-+  set (CMAKE_LIBRARY_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY "${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/lib/occt")
-   if (WIN32)
--    set (CMAKE_LIBRARY_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY "${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/${OS_WITH_BIT}/${COMPILER}/bin${BIN_LETTER}")
-+    set (CMAKE_LIBRARY_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY "${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/bin/occt")
-   endif()
- endif()
- 
--set (CMAKE_ARCHIVE_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY_RELEASE "${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/${OS_WITH_BIT}/${COMPILER}/lib")
--set (CMAKE_RUNTIME_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY_RELEASE "${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/${OS_WITH_BIT}/${COMPILER}/bin")
--set (CMAKE_LIBRARY_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY_RELEASE "${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/${OS_WITH_BIT}/${COMPILER}/lib")
-+set (CMAKE_ARCHIVE_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY_RELEASE "${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/lib/occt")
-+set (CMAKE_RUNTIME_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY_RELEASE "${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/bin/occt")
-+set (CMAKE_LIBRARY_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY_RELEASE "${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/lib/occt")
- 
--set (CMAKE_ARCHIVE_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY_RELWITHDEBINFO "${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/${OS_WITH_BIT}/${COMPILER}/libi")
--set (CMAKE_RUNTIME_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY_RELWITHDEBINFO "${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/${OS_WITH_BIT}/${COMPILER}/bini")
--set (CMAKE_LIBRARY_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY_RELWITHDEBINFO "${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/${OS_WITH_BIT}/${COMPILER}/libi")
-+set (CMAKE_ARCHIVE_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY_RELWITHDEBINFO "${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/lib/occt/RelWithDebInfo")
-+set (CMAKE_RUNTIME_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY_RELWITHDEBINFO "${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/bin/occt/RelWithDebInfo")
-+set (CMAKE_LIBRARY_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY_RELWITHDEBINFO "${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/lib/occt/RelWithDebInfo")
- 
--set (CMAKE_ARCHIVE_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY_DEBUG "${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/${OS_WITH_BIT}/${COMPILER}/libd")
--set (CMAKE_RUNTIME_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY_DEBUG "${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/${OS_WITH_BIT}/${COMPILER}/bind")
--set (CMAKE_LIBRARY_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY_DEBUG "${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/${OS_WITH_BIT}/${COMPILER}/libd")
-+set (CMAKE_ARCHIVE_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY_DEBUG "${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/lib/occt/Debug")
-+set (CMAKE_RUNTIME_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY_DEBUG "${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/bin/occt/Debug")
-+set (CMAKE_LIBRARY_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY_DEBUG "${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/lib/occt/Debug")
- 
- if (WIN32)
--  set (CMAKE_LIBRARY_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY_RELEASE        "${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/${OS_WITH_BIT}/${COMPILER}/bin")
--  set (CMAKE_LIBRARY_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY_RELWITHDEBINFO "${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/${OS_WITH_BIT}/${COMPILER}/bini")
--  set (CMAKE_LIBRARY_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY_DEBUG          "${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/${OS_WITH_BIT}/${COMPILER}/bind")
-+  set (CMAKE_LIBRARY_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY_RELEASE        "${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/bin/occt")
-+  set (CMAKE_LIBRARY_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY_RELWITHDEBINFO "${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/bin/occt/RelWithDebInfo")
-+  set (CMAKE_LIBRARY_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY_DEBUG          "${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/bin/occt/Debug")
- endif()
- 
- string(TIMESTAMP CURRENT_TIME "%H:%M:%S")
--message (STATUS "\nInfo: \(${CURRENT_TIME}\) Start collecting all OCCT header files into ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/inc ...")
-+message (STATUS "\nInfo: \(${CURRENT_TIME}\) Start collecting all OCCT header files into ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/include/occt ...")
- 
- # collect all the headers to <binary dir>/inc folder
- COLLECT_AND_INSTALL_OCCT_HEADER_FILES ("${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}" "${BUILD_TOOLKITS}" "${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/src" "${INSTALL_DIR_INCLUDE}")
-@@ -984,9 +984,9 @@ if (EXISTS "${INSTALL_DIR}/${INSTALL_DIR_SCRIPT}/custom.${SCRIPT_EXT}")
- 
-   set (CUSTOM_CONTENT "${CUSTOM_CONTENT} ${ADDITIONAL_CUSTOM_CONTENT}")
- 
--  file (WRITE "${INSTALL_DIR}/${INSTALL_DIR_SCRIPT}/custom.${SCRIPT_EXT}" "${CUSTOM_CONTENT}")
-+  #file (WRITE "${INSTALL_DIR}/${INSTALL_DIR_SCRIPT}/custom.${SCRIPT_EXT}" "${CUSTOM_CONTENT}")
- else()
--  OCCT_CONFIGURE_AND_INSTALL ("adm/templates/custom.${SCRIPT_EXT}.main" "custom.${SCRIPT_EXT}" "custom.${SCRIPT_EXT}" "${INSTALL_DIR_SCRIPT}")
-+  #OCCT_CONFIGURE_AND_INSTALL ("adm/templates/custom.${SCRIPT_EXT}.main" "custom.${SCRIPT_EXT}" "custom.${SCRIPT_EXT}" "${INSTALL_DIR_SCRIPT}")
- endif()
- 
- if (WIN32)
-@@ -1007,7 +1007,7 @@ endforeach()
- 
- # write current custom.bat/sh (for install directory)
- set (SUB_CUSTOM_BUILD_NAME "custom_${COMPILER}_${COMPILER_BITNESS}.install.${SCRIPT_EXT}")
--OCCT_CONFIGURE_AND_INSTALL ("adm/templates/custom.install.${SCRIPT_EXT}.in" "${SUB_CUSTOM_BUILD_NAME}" "${SUB_CUSTOM_NAME}" "${INSTALL_DIR_SCRIPT}")
-+#OCCT_CONFIGURE_AND_INSTALL ("adm/templates/custom.install.${SCRIPT_EXT}.in" "${SUB_CUSTOM_BUILD_NAME}" "${SUB_CUSTOM_NAME}" "${INSTALL_DIR_SCRIPT}")
- 
- # write current custom.bat/sh (for build directory)
- OCCT_CONFIGURE ("adm/templates/custom.build.${SCRIPT_EXT}.in" "${SUB_CUSTOM_NAME}")
-@@ -1019,9 +1019,9 @@ endif()
- 
- if (WIN32)
-   # env script for draw in building environment
--  OCCT_CONFIGURE ("adm/templates/env.${SCRIPT_EXT}.in" "env.${SCRIPT_EXT}")
-+  #OCCT_CONFIGURE ("adm/templates/env.${SCRIPT_EXT}.in" "env.${SCRIPT_EXT}")
-   # install env script
--  install (FILES "${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/env.${SCRIPT_EXT}" DESTINATION "${INSTALL_DIR_SCRIPT}")
-+  #install (FILES "${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/env.${SCRIPT_EXT}" DESTINATION "${INSTALL_DIR_SCRIPT}")
-   # copy build.bat and install.bat scripts to CMake binary folder
-   OCCT_COPY_FILE_OR_DIR ("adm/templates/build.bat" "${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}")
-   OCCT_COPY_FILE_OR_DIR ("adm/templates/install.bat" "${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}")
-@@ -1043,12 +1043,12 @@ endif()
- FILE_TO_LIST ("adm/RESOURCES" RESOURCES)
- foreach(RESOURCE ${RESOURCES})
-   get_filename_component(RESOURCE_FOLDER ${RESOURCE} DIRECTORY)
--  if(NOT "${RESOURCE_FOLDER}" STREQUAL "")
--    get_filename_component(RESOURCE_FOLDER ${RESOURCE_FOLDER} NAME)
--    OCCT_INSTALL_FILE_OR_DIR ("src/${RESOURCE}" "${INSTALL_DIR_RESOURCE}/${RESOURCE_FOLDER}")
--  else()
--    OCCT_INSTALL_FILE_OR_DIR ("src/${RESOURCE}" "${INSTALL_DIR_RESOURCE}")
--  endif()
-+  #if(NOT "${RESOURCE_FOLDER}" STREQUAL "")
-+  #  get_filename_component(RESOURCE_FOLDER ${RESOURCE_FOLDER} NAME)
-+  #  OCCT_INSTALL_FILE_OR_DIR ("src/${RESOURCE}" "${INSTALL_DIR_RESOURCE}/${RESOURCE_FOLDER}")
-+  #else()
-+  #  OCCT_INSTALL_FILE_OR_DIR ("src/${RESOURCE}" "${INSTALL_DIR_RESOURCE}")
-+  #endif()
- endforeach()
- 
- if (BUILD_SAMPLES_QT)
-diff --git a/adm/cmake/occt_macros.cmake b/adm/cmake/occt_macros.cmake
-index 224c96b1..8c94a1c5 100644
---- a/adm/cmake/occt_macros.cmake
-+++ b/adm/cmake/occt_macros.cmake
-@@ -608,7 +608,7 @@ macro (OCCT_INSERT_CODE_FOR_TARGET)
-   install(CODE "if (\"\${CMAKE_INSTALL_CONFIG_NAME}\" MATCHES \"^([Rr][Ee][Ll][Ee][Aa][Ss][Ee])$\")
-     set (OCCT_INSTALL_BIN_LETTER \"\")
-   elseif (\"\${CMAKE_INSTALL_CONFIG_NAME}\" MATCHES \"^([Rr][Ee][Ll][Ww][Ii][Tt][Hh][Dd][Ee][Bb][Ii][Nn][Ff][Oo])$\")
--    set (OCCT_INSTALL_BIN_LETTER \"i\")
-+    set (OCCT_INSTALL_BIN_LETTER \"\")
-   elseif (\"\${CMAKE_INSTALL_CONFIG_NAME}\" MATCHES \"^([Dd][Ee][Bb][Uu][Gg])$\")
-     set (OCCT_INSTALL_BIN_LETTER \"d\")
-   endif()")
-diff --git a/adm/cmake/occt_toolkit.cmake b/adm/cmake/occt_toolkit.cmake
-index 550e0e2f..7ac1a3b8 100644
---- a/adm/cmake/occt_toolkit.cmake
-+++ b/adm/cmake/occt_toolkit.cmake
-@@ -241,7 +241,7 @@
-     else()
-       set (aReleasePdbConf)
-     endif()
--    install (FILES  ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/${OS_WITH_BIT}/${COMPILER}/bin\${OCCT_INSTALL_BIN_LETTER}/${PROJECT_NAME}.pdb
-+    install (FILES  $<TARGET_PDB_FILE:${PROJECT_NAME}>
-              CONFIGURATIONS Debug ${aReleasePdbConf} RelWithDebInfo
-              DESTINATION "${INSTALL_DIR_BIN}\${OCCT_INSTALL_BIN_LETTER}")
-   endif()
-diff --git a/src/Font/Font_FTFont.cxx b/src/Font/Font_FTFont.cxx
-index 5ae9899f..0a17372b 100644
---- a/src/Font/Font_FTFont.cxx
-+++ b/src/Font/Font_FTFont.cxx
-@@ -103,9 +103,11 @@ bool Font_FTFont::Init (const Handle(NCollection_Buffer)& theData,
-   {
-     throw Standard_ProgramError ("Font_FTFont, Light and Normal hinting styles are mutually exclusive");
-   }
-+#ifdef HAVE_FREETYPE
-   setLoadFlag (FT_LOAD_TARGET_LIGHT,   (theParams.FontHinting & Font_Hinting_Light) != 0);
-   setLoadFlag (FT_LOAD_NO_HINTING,     (theParams.FontHinting & Font_Hinting_Normal) == 0
-                                     && (theParams.FontHinting & Font_Hinting_Light)  == 0);
-+#endif
- 
-   // manage native / autohinting
-   if ((theParams.FontHinting & Font_Hinting_ForceAutohint) != 0
-@@ -113,8 +115,10 @@ bool Font_FTFont::Init (const Handle(NCollection_Buffer)& theData,
-   {
-     throw Standard_ProgramError ("Font_FTFont, ForceAutohint and NoAutohint are mutually exclusive");
-   }
-+#ifdef HAVE_FREETYPE
-   setLoadFlag (FT_LOAD_FORCE_AUTOHINT, (theParams.FontHinting & Font_Hinting_ForceAutohint) != 0);
-   setLoadFlag (FT_LOAD_NO_AUTOHINT,    (theParams.FontHinting & Font_Hinting_NoAutohint) != 0);
-+#endif
- 
-   if (!myFTLib->IsValid())
-   {
-From 7236e83dcc1e7284e66dc61e612154617ef715d6 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
-From: dpasukhi <dpasukhi@opencascade.com>
-Date: Tue, 27 Aug 2024 11:33:29 +0100
-Subject: [PATCH] 0033808: Coding - FreeType Use unsigned point and contour
- indexing in `FT_Outline`
-
-Changes to auto instead of specific type
----
- src/StdPrs/StdPrs_BRepFont.cxx | 2 +-
- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)
-
-diff --git a/src/StdPrs/StdPrs_BRepFont.cxx b/src/StdPrs/StdPrs_BRepFont.cxx
-index ab2d9b3c9f..cd701879b1 100644
---- a/src/StdPrs/StdPrs_BRepFont.cxx
-+++ b/src/StdPrs/StdPrs_BRepFont.cxx
-@@ -457,7 +457,7 @@ Standard_Boolean StdPrs_BRepFont::renderGlyph (const Standard_Utf32Char theChar,
-   for (short aContour = 0, aStartIndex = 0; aContour < anOutline->n_contours; ++aContour)
-   {
-     const FT_Vector* aPntList = &anOutline->points[aStartIndex];
--    const char* aTags      = &anOutline->tags[aStartIndex];
-+    const auto* aTags      = &anOutline->tags[aStartIndex];
-     const short anEndIndex = anOutline->contours[aContour];
-     const short aPntsNb    = (anEndIndex - aStartIndex) + 1;
-     aStartIndex = anEndIndex + 1;

deps/OCCT/OCCT.cmake

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-# clang-cl cannot emit IGESAppli_GeneralModule.cxx on ARM64
-# (llvm/llvm-project#62081). cl and clang-cl share an ABI.
+# clang-cl cannot emit some OCCT sources for ARM64 (llvm/llvm-project#62081).
+# cl and clang-cl share an ABI.
 set(_occt_compiler_args "")
 if ("${DEPS_ARCH}" STREQUAL "arm64" AND CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_ID STREQUAL Clang)
     set(_occt_compiler_args -DCMAKE_C_COMPILER:STRING=cl -DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER:STRING=cl)
@@ -15,31 +15,31 @@ endif()
 # (fillet/offset/loft), whose only consumer is the parametric Design/CAD tab. With it OFF
 # the deps prefix matches upstream exactly.
 #
-# With it ON the delta is THREE toolkits, not two: TKFillet (7.40 MiB archive, used via
-# BRepFilletAPI), TKOffset (5.38 MiB, used via BRepOffsetAPI) and TKFeat (4.42 MiB), which
-# nothing here references but which the module flag builds anyway -- it is all-or-nothing
-# per module. The module's other nine toolkits are built either way, because DataExchange
-# (the STEP path upstream already ships) depends on them.
+# With it ON OCCT also builds TKFillet (used via BRepFilletAPI), TKOffset (used via
+# BRepOffsetAPI), and TKFeat, TKHelix, TKXMesh and TKExpress, which nothing here references
+# but which the module flag builds anyway, since module flags are all-or-nothing. The
+# module's other toolkits are built either way, because DataExchange (the STEP path)
+# depends on them.
 #
 # On macOS/Linux OCCT links statically, so an unreferenced toolkit costs build time and no
-# shipped bytes. The Windows figure is a real DLL cost and has NOT been measured -- an
-# earlier "3.77 MiB, Windows only" note here covered only two of the three toolkits and is
-# not a number to quote. See docs/HLSD/design-tab.md.
-
-if (IN_GIT_REPO)
-    set(OCCT_DIRECTORY_FLAG --directory ${BINARY_DIR_REL}/dep_OCCT-prefix/src/dep_OCCT)
-endif ()
+# shipped bytes. Windows ships only the DLLs libslic3r links, so the tab adds the TKFillet,
+# TKOffset and TKBool DLLs. See docs/HLSD/design-tab.md.
 
 orcaslicer_add_cmake_project(OCCT
-    URL https://github.com/Open-Cascade-SAS/OCCT/archive/refs/tags/V7_6_0.zip
-    URL_HASH SHA256=28334f0e98f1b1629799783e9b4d21e05349d89e695809d7e6dfa45ea43e1dbc
-    #PATCH_COMMAND ${PATCH_CMD} ${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR}/0001-OCCT-fix.patch
-    PATCH_COMMAND git apply ${OCCT_DIRECTORY_FLAG} --verbose --ignore-space-change --whitespace=fix ${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR}/0001-OCCT-fix.patch
+    URL https://github.com/Open-Cascade-SAS/OCCT/archive/refs/tags/V8_0_1.zip
+    URL_HASH SHA256=7c033d917ee8f040c0512d289dcc5f02c148889d5bac17c3e25639accb44f0da
     #DEPENDS dep_Boost
     DEPENDS ${FREETYPE_PKG}
     CMAKE_ARGS
         -DCMAKE_CXX_STANDARD=17
         -DBUILD_LIBRARY_TYPE=${library_build_type}
+        # With the Unix layout, OCCT's resources and licenses go under share/ and its scripts
+        # into bin/occt on Windows too. libslic3r finds the CMake package in lib/cmake/occt.
+        -DINSTALL_DIR_LAYOUT=Unix
+        -DINSTALL_DIR_BIN=bin/occt
+        -DINSTALL_DIR_LIB=lib/occt
+        -DINSTALL_DIR_INCLUDE=include/occt
+        -DINSTALL_DIR_CMAKE=lib/cmake/occt
         -DUSE_TK=OFF
         -DUSE_TBB=OFF
 	#-DUSE_FREETYPE=OFF

docs/HLSD/design-tab.md

@@ -51,14 +51,13 @@ widens the existing OCCT build by one module flag in `deps/OCCT/OCCT.cmake`:
 -DBUILD_MODULE_ModelingAlgorithms=${SLIC3R_CAD}
 ```
 
-Most of that module's twelve toolkits were already being built, because `DataExchange` — the
-STEP path upstream ships — depends on them. The delta is `TKFillet` (used through
-`BRepFilletAPI`), `TKOffset` (`BRepOffsetAPI`) and `TKFeat`, which nothing here references but
-which the module flag builds anyway, because OCCT's module flags are all-or-nothing. On macOS
-and Linux OCCT links statically, so an unreferenced toolkit costs build time and no shipped
-bytes; on Windows OCCT builds shared, so the cost there is real DLL bytes. That Windows figure
-has not been measured, and `OCCT.cmake` says so rather than carrying a number that was derived
-from an incomplete toolkit list.
+Most of that module's toolkits are built either way, because `DataExchange`, which the STEP
+importer uses, depends on them. With the flag on, OCCT also builds `TKFillet` (used through
+`BRepFilletAPI`), `TKOffset` (`BRepOffsetAPI`), and `TKFeat`, `TKHelix`, `TKXMesh` and
+`TKExpress`, which nothing here references but which the module flag builds anyway, because
+OCCT's module flags are all-or-nothing. On macOS and Linux OCCT links statically, so an
+unreferenced toolkit costs build time and no shipped bytes. On Windows OCCT builds shared and
+only the linked toolkits ship, so the tab adds the `TKFillet`, `TKOffset` and `TKBool` DLLs.
 
 On Windows the packaging step asserts that every linked OCCT toolkit has a shipped DLL and
 fails the configure with the name of any that is missing, because the alternative failure — a
@@ -117,6 +116,8 @@ that keep it survivable are:
 `Import` features embed the imported solid as an OCCT BRep string inside the recipe rather than
 referencing the source file, so a project opens without the STEP or mesh it was built from.
 The cost is that saved projects are coupled to an OCCT BRep revision.
+`tests/data/cad_brep_occt76.brep` holds a solid written by OCCT 7.6, and its test fails if the
+bundled OCCT can no longer read it.
 
 ## The interaction contract
 

docs/HLSD/precise-seam.md

@@ -2,238 +2,584 @@
 
 ## Purpose and scope
 
-Precise Seam places the seam where a helper volume intersects the external
-wall. The user attaches a mesh to an object as a Precise Seam modifier, and on
-every layer the seam placer reads the modifier's slice to decide where the seam
-of each external perimeter may, must or must not go. The same mesh keeps
-working after the model changes, so the seam does not have to be repainted
-after every design revision, and a swept helper body can guide the seam along
-any path.
+Precise Seam lets a helper volume decide where the seam of an object goes. The
+user attaches a mesh to an object as a Precise Seam modifier. On every layer,
+the part of the external perimeter that lies inside the modifier's slice
+determines where the seam must, may or must not be placed. The helper is a
+persistent model object rather than paint on the surface, so it keeps working
+when the design changes. A body swept along a path on the surface can guide the
+seam along any trajectory.
 
-The modifier is non-printing geometry. It does not take part in slicing, region
-assignment, filament selection or brim adhesion. It affects only seam
-placement, which runs during G-code export.
+The modifier is non-printing geometry. It takes no part in object slicing,
+region assignment, filament selection or brim adhesion, and it affects only seam
+placement during G-code export. Objects without Precise Seam volumes follow the
+regular seam placement unchanged.
 
-## Volume types and priority
+Precise Seam does not replace the seam placer. It feeds it: a modifier inserts
+the points it needs into the perimeter and changes the enforced/blocked type of
+seam candidates, the same typing mechanism as seam painting, and the configured
+seam position then chooses among them.
 
-Precise Seam adds six `ModelVolumeType` values after `SUPPORT_ENFORCER`. The
-strong types come first and the weak types follow. `is_precise_seam()`,
+## Modifier types
+
+Precise Seam adds six `ModelVolumeType` values after `SUPPORT_ENFORCER`, strong
+types first and weak types after them. `is_precise_seam()`,
 `is_precise_seam_strong()` and `is_precise_seam_weak()` are range checks that
 depend on this order.
 
-| Type | Group | Effect on the perimeter |
+| Type | Group | Effect on an intersected perimeter |
 | --- | --- | --- |
-| `PRECISE_SEAM_CENTER` | strong | seam at the arc-length midpoint of the intersection |
+| `PRECISE_SEAM_CENTER` | strong | seam at the midpoint, by arc length, of the intersection |
 | `PRECISE_SEAM_LEFT` | strong | seam at the first point of the intersection |
 | `PRECISE_SEAM_RIGHT` | strong | seam at the last point of the intersection |
 | `PRECISE_SEAM_ENFORCED` | weak | intersection marked as enforced |
 | `PRECISE_SEAM_BLOCKED` | weak | intersection marked as blocked |
 | `PRECISE_SEAM_NEUTRAL` | weak | intersection reset to neutral |
 
-A strong modifier fixes one point. A weak modifier only changes the
-enforced/blocked type of seam candidates, and the configured seam position then
-chooses among them. First and last are taken along the perimeter made
-counter-clockwise seen from above. On an outer wall seen from outside, Left is
-the left end of the intersection. On the wall of a hole seen from inside the
-hole, the two ends are swapped.
+A strong modifier fixes a single point. The perimeter gets exactly one enforced
+seam candidate there, and every other candidate is blocked. A weak modifier
+retypes, and where needed adds, the candidates inside its intersection, like
+painting does.
+
+An **intersection** is a continuous part of the external perimeter's centerline
+that lies inside the modifier's slice on that layer. It is a portion of the
+perimeter, never a chord through the object. The centerline lies half an
+extrusion width inside the model surface and depends on print settings, so a
+modifier must reach clearly past the surface to cross it unambiguously.
+
+### Terms
+
+- **Segment:** an intersection as the code represents it (`PerimeterSegment`).
+  User-facing texts call it an intersection.
+- **Fragment:** a piece of the perimeter returned by clipping, before it is tied
+  to the source contour.
+- **Interval:** the bound part of one source edge, given by the edge index and a
+  parameter range on that edge.
+- **Zone:** a weak segment with its type (Enforced, Blocked or Neutral).
+- **Boundary:** an end of a zone, inserted into the perimeter polygon.
+- **Candidate:** a seam candidate of the seam placer, built from the points of
+  the processed perimeter polygon (painted enforcers may add more).
+
+First and last are taken along the perimeter oriented counter-clockwise as seen
+from above. On an outer wall seen from outside, Left is therefore the left end
+of the intersection. On the wall of a hole seen from inside the hole, the two
+ends are swapped. Mirroring an object does not mirror the mode: perimeters stay
+counter-clockwise, so Left remains the left end seen from outside, and the seam
+moves to the other end of the modifier instead of following the mirrored model.
+
+## Priority
 
 The order of volumes in the object is the priority order, highest first.
 `ModelObject::sort_volumes()` keeps every strong modifier before every weak one
 and preserves the user's order within each group. The object list lets the user
-drag a modifier only within its own group. A type change that crosses a group
-boundary moves the volume to the end of its new group, where it has the lowest
-priority. Strong modifiers are tried in this order, and the first one that
-yields a seam on a perimeter wins. Weak modifiers are applied from the lowest
-priority to the highest, so the highest one overwrites any overlapping zone.
+drag a modifier only within its own group. A type change that crosses the group
+boundary moves the volume to the end of its new group, with the lowest priority
+there.
 
-## Model storage and 3MF compatibility
+- **Strong:** modifiers are tried in priority order on each perimeter. The first
+  one that yields a usable segment decides the seam. Within that modifier the
+  longest segment wins; lengths are never compared across modifiers. Once a
+  strong point is placed, no later strong modifier and no weak modifier is
+  processed for that perimeter.
+- **Weak:** every weak modifier applies. They are applied from the lowest
+  priority to the highest, so the highest one overwrites overlapping zones. A
+  Blocked modifier that fully contains a perimeter is the exception: it is
+  skipped there (see [Full containment](#full-containment)).
 
-Projects must stay readable by earlier releases, and the modifier must not
-change a print there. Both 3MF writers therefore store a Precise Seam volume as
-an ordinary parameter modifier: `modifier_part` in the Bambu-format part
-subtype, and `ParameterModifier` together with the legacy `modifier` flag in
-the Prusa-format volume metadata. The seam mode is written separately under
+A strong modifier without a usable segment, even one whose fragments were all
+discarded, passes the turn to the next one.
+
+## Data flow
+
+1. **Invalidation.** `Print::apply()` treats a change of Precise Seam volumes as
+   a change of seam placement and invalidates G-code export; the object is not
+   resliced (see [Print invalidation](#print-invalidation)).
+2. **Modifier slices.** `SeamPlacer::init()` collects each object's Precise Seam
+   volumes once, slices every volume separately and caches its regions with
+   their bounding boxes.
+3. **Perimeters.** Seam candidates are gathered in parallel over the layers.
+   For objects with Precise Seam volumes, each external perimeter polygon is
+   normalized and prepared once for all modifiers.
+4. **Extraction.** For each modifier, the perimeter is clipped against the
+   modifier's regions on that layer. The clipped fragments are bound back to the
+   source edges of the perimeter and assembled into segments.
+5. **Strong, then weak.** Strong modifiers try to insert one seam point into the
+   perimeter polygon. If none succeeds, weak modifiers insert their zone
+   boundaries and subdivide enforced edges.
+6. **Candidates.** The seam placer builds candidates from the modified polygon.
+   Painting assigns types first, weak zones overwrite them, and a strong point
+   makes its candidate the only enforced one.
+7. **Selection and restoration.** The configured seam position chooses the
+   seams and aligns them. Afterwards the exact strong points are restored.
+8. **Warnings.** After all objects are processed, `SeamPlacer::init()` prepares
+   one combined warning text if any problem was found; G-code export issues it.
+
+## Modifier slices
+
+`init_precise_seam_data()` collects the Precise Seam volumes of each object:
+strong ones in priority order and weak ones in reverse, so that weak zones can
+be applied with last-write-wins. Each volume is sliced separately with
+`PrintObject::slice_single_volume_regions()`, at the object's layer heights and
+with the same centered transformation as the object. The slices keep every
+region's outer contour together with its holes as an `ExPolygon`. Volumes are
+not merged, so each keeps its own priority, and a modifier may have several
+regions on one layer.
+
+`prepare_modifier_slices()` moves the slices into `ModifierRegionsCache`,
+pairing each region with the bounding box of its exterior. Empty layers keep
+their slots, so the cache is indexed by object layer; `Layer::id()` includes raft
+layers, which are subtracted. The cache is filled before candidates are gathered
+and is only read afterwards, shared by both modifier kinds and all worker
+threads without locking.
+
+## Perimeter preparation
+
+The seam placer works on external perimeter loops, including the walls of
+holes. For objects with Precise Seam volumes, consecutive duplicate points and
+the repeated closing point of each extrusion loop are removed: adjacent
+extrusion paths share endpoints, and the resulting zero-length edges would
+prevent point insertion at their junctions. Distinct visits to one point of a
+self-touching contour are kept. Objects without Precise Seam volumes keep their
+original points, so ordinary seam candidates are unaffected.
+
+Each polygon is made counter-clockwise. A single `PreparedPerimeter` is then
+built for all modifiers of that perimeter. It holds a validity check (at least
+three points, no consecutive or closing duplicates), the bounding box, and the
+clipping line: the polygon as an open polyline with its first point repeated at
+the end. The preparation borrows the polygon and is used only while the polygon
+is unchanged: strong processing returns immediately after inserting its point,
+and weak processing collects all segments before it inserts anything. An
+invalid perimeter receives no Precise Seam processing.
+
+## Segment extraction
+
+`extract_perimeter_segments()` turns one modifier's regions on one layer into
+segments of the perimeter, each with its geometry and its position on the
+source contour. Both modifier kinds consume these segments; the extractor is
+told the modifier type so that it prepares only the data that type needs.
+
+### Clipping
+
+Regions whose bounding box does not overlap the perimeter's are skipped. The
+clipping line is intersected with each remaining region by `intersection_pl()`,
+which clips an open path against an `ExPolygon` with its holes attached, using
+the nonzero rule. Clipping an open line yields only pieces of the perimeter, so
+a modifier crossing the whole object produces two separate pieces rather than a
+chord through the body. Holes in a modifier and several regions of one modifier
+simply produce more pieces. The line is cut at vertex zero, so a piece crossing
+that vertex arrives as two fragments. A border that only touches the line can
+come back as a single point; such fragments carry no coverage and are dropped
+before binding.
+
+### Binding fragments to source edges
+
+Clipper returns coordinates only. Insertion needs the source edge of every
+point, and coordinates alone are ambiguous where a contour visits the same
+point twice. Each fragment is therefore bound to the source edges it covers,
+producing intervals: an edge index with a parameter range on that edge.
+
+- **Exact path.** For fragments with interior points, the second point is used
+  as an anchor that must equal a source vertex exactly. Clipping keeps the
+  vertices of an open path unchanged, including collinear ones. The following
+  points must match successive source vertices in either direction; later
+  occurrences of the anchor are tried if a sequence does not match. Only the two
+  end cuts are projected onto their edges.
+- **Projection path.** Two-point fragments, and fragments the exact path cannot
+  match, are bound by projection. The first source edge that holds both points
+  of the first pair, with distinct parameters, establishes the edge and
+  direction. Every following pair must continue on the same edge or cross to the
+  neighboring edge at their actual shared vertex, in the same direction. A pair
+  continuing on the same edge reuses the previous pair's parameter for their
+  shared point, so the two projections of one point cannot differ.
+- **Failure.** A fragment that cannot be bound continuously is rolled back and
+  discarded. Earlier fragments and other fragments are unaffected. The failure
+  is counted, logged and reported to the user (see
+  [Diagnostics](#diagnostics-and-warnings)).
+
+Two rare rounding cases are handled only after both paths have failed, so the
+normal path never pays for them:
+
+- **Cut beside a vertex.** When a modifier boundary crosses within about one
+  coordinate unit of a source vertex, Clipper can place the cut at the vertex's
+  height but a few units beside it. The end pair then collapses to the vertex's
+  parameter or misses both neighboring edges. An end cut closer than the
+  snapping radius to a vertex of the fragment's own chain is snapped to that
+  vertex: either its neighbor in the fragment (the cut is a rounded copy of it
+  and is dropped) or a vertex that shares a source edge with that neighbor. The
+  neighbor wins whenever it is within the radius. Ends that are themselves source
+  vertices and ambiguous choices are left unchanged. Binding is then retried
+  once with the same strict rules, so a wrong candidate can only fail again.
+- **Contact.** A fragment that still fails but is shorter than the snapping
+  radius is accepted as a contact and binds nothing. Insertion would collapse it
+  onto one point anyway.
+
+Both outcomes are recoveries, not failures: they show no user warning but leave
+a log marker.
+
+### Assembling segments
+
+The intervals are sorted by edge and parameter. Intervals on the same occurrence
+of an edge are united when they overlap or meet, by parameter or at the same
+integer point; equal coordinates on different edges are never united. A
+parameter of 1 is stored as parameter 0 of the next edge, so intervals on
+adjacent edges meet exactly at their shared vertex. Consecutive intervals that
+meet form one `PerimeterSegment`, and the last segment is joined with the first
+when they meet at vertex zero, undoing the artificial cut of the clipping line.
+
+Each segment keeps its polyline, the source edge of every polyline edge, and its
+begin and end positions on the source contour.
+
+### Full containment
+
+A modifier that covers the whole perimeter has no boundaries on it. The policy
+follows seam painting, where painting a whole perimeter green is a meaningful
+choice and forbidding the seam all round is not:
+
+- **Seam Enforced** types the whole perimeter, like a perimeter painted green all
+  round, with subdivision applied as described under [Weak modifiers](#weak-modifiers).
+- **Seam Neutral** types the whole perimeter Neutral, like an unmarked perimeter,
+  clearing painting and lower zones.
+- **Seam Blocked** is skipped for the perimeter, with the full-containment
+  warning. The seam cannot avoid the whole perimeter, so the modifier does not
+  override anything below it: lower zones and painting stay in effect.
+- **Seam Center, Left and Right** are skipped with the same warning: there is no
+  intersection to place the point on.
+
+Enforced and Neutral take part in the usual priority order (see
+[Weak modifiers](#weak-modifiers)).
+
+The perimeter is fully contained when the united intervals cover every source
+edge from parameter 0 to 1. A modifier boundary that merely touches the
+perimeter counts as well:
+
+- At a vertex or on an axis-aligned edge, clipping splits the line exactly at the
+  touch, the pieces meet at one point, and the coverage is complete.
+- On an inclined edge the touching point is usually not representable on the
+  integer grid. The boundary pokes a few units across and leaves a real gap, so
+  a single segment covers everything except that gap.
+
+Weak insertion would collapse such a segment's boundaries onto one vertex and
+turn the intended zone into a single candidate, and strong would put the seam at
+the touch. A single segment is therefore also full containment in the cases
+where insertion collapses it, exactly up to edges shorter than 2 µm:
+
+- the uncovered length from its end to its begin is below 1 µm, or
+- the gap spans one vertex, or starts at a vertex and ends on the next edge, and
+  both ends lie within 1 µm of the vertex that ends the first gap edge, since
+  each end then snaps onto it from its own edge.
+
+A cheap filter runs first: both cases bring the segment's ends within 2 µm of
+each other.
+
+## Strong modifiers
+
+For a strong modifier, the extractor prepares each segment's target point
+before anything is inserted, together with the source edge it lies on:
+
+- **Left:** the segment's first point.
+- **Right:** the segment's last point.
+- **Center:** the point at half the segment's arc length.
+
+Arc length is the sum of Euclidean edge lengths, not the chord or a vertex count.
+
+`insert_strong_seam_point()` selects the longest segment of the first modifier
+that has one. Exactly equal lengths are resolved by the prepared target points:
+greater bed Y first, then smaller X; a complete tie keeps the first segment.
+Slice coordinates already include instance rotation and have the bed axes;
+centering and XY translation do not change this order. Nearly equal lengths are
+not treated as equal, so exact ties occur mainly on axis-aligned geometry.
+Geometrically equal segments, such as a symmetric modifier crossing both faces
+of a thin wall, differ only by rounding noise that varies between layers, so
+the chosen face may alternate. This is accepted deliberately: such a modifier is
+ambiguous by itself: more than one segment raises the "multiple intersections"
+warning. The user should make the modifier cross the perimeter once.
+
+The selected point is inserted on its source edge. A point within 1 µm of an
+existing vertex is snapped to that vertex. Helper points are added 1 µm on both
+sides of it, except on an adjacent edge shorter than 2 µm, which already bounds
+the distance.
+
+When the candidates are built, the candidate at the inserted point is the only
+enforced one and becomes the central enforcer; every other candidate is blocked.
+Every seam position mode therefore selects it. Alignment and random placement
+can still move the final position, so after alignment
+`restore_precise_seam_positions()` writes the exact point and its index back
+into every perimeter that has a strong seam.
+
+## Weak modifiers
+
+`collect_weak_modifier_segments()` extracts the segments of every weak modifier
+before the polygon is modified, so all positions refer to the same contour. Each
+segment becomes a zone with a type and two boundaries, kept in application
+order, lowest priority first. Full containment of an Enforced or Neutral
+modifier becomes a whole-perimeter zone at its place in that order: it has no
+boundaries and takes part in no insertion or helper step below. The boundaries
+carry their positions on the source contour; these remain as provenance after
+insertion and are not indices into the modified polygon.
+
+`prepare_weak_modifier_segments()` then changes the polygon:
+
+1. **Boundary insertion.** Insertion events are sorted by decreasing source edge
+   and parameter, and the polygon is modified from its end towards its start. A
+   pending boundary's source index therefore stays valid. Vertex zero has the
+   canonical position `(0, 0)` and is
+   processed last, and a point on the closing edge is appended rather than
+   inserted at index zero. A boundary within 1 µm of either endpoint of its
+   current edge, an original vertex or a boundary inserted earlier, is snapped to
+   that point, so coincident boundaries share a vertex. A zone narrower than
+   1 µm collapses into a single vertex.
+2. **Helper points.** A helper point is added 1 µm outside every boundary,
+   unless the edge there is shorter than 2 µm, which already bounds it. The
+   helpers keep the edges at a boundary short, so a seam placed along such an
+   edge stays close to the boundary. Coincident boundaries share their helpers.
+3. **Enforced subdivision.** Zone types are resolved for the polygon's edges in
+   priority order. The edges of a zone are those from its left boundary up to,
+   but not including, its right boundary; a whole-perimeter zone types every
+   edge. Enforced edges longer than `SeamPlacer::enforcer_oversampling_distance`
+   (0.2 mm) are subdivided into steps of at most that length; shorter edges and
+   existing vertices are kept.
+   The regular seam placer then chooses the seam as for painted seams.
+
+When candidates are built, painting assigns their types first.
+`apply_weak_modifiers_to_perimeter()` then overwrites the types of the
+candidates between the boundaries of each zone, both boundaries included,
+lowest priority first; a whole-perimeter zone types every candidate. Blocked
+and Enforced zones therefore take precedence over painting, and Neutral clears
+painting inside its zone.
+
+## Numeric tolerances
+
+Coordinates are integers in scaled units: 1 nm by default, and 10 nm when a bed
+larger than 2147 mm switches `SCALING_FACTOR`. Both Precise Seam tolerances are
+deliberately defined in units rather than physical distances. Clipper truncates
+cuts to whole units at any scale, so the on-edge tolerance must follow the unit; the
+snapping radius scales with it to keep its margin over single-precision
+candidate coordinates, which are coarser on large beds. Distances quoted in
+this document in nanometers and
+micrometers assume the default unit; on large printers they are ten times
+larger. The enforced subdivision step is a physical distance and stays 0.2 mm.
+
+| Value | Role |
+| --- | --- |
+| `MACHINE_PRECISION_SQUARED` (2.5 units², about 1.6 nm) | A point lies on an edge if it is this close. It absorbs Clipper's truncation of cuts to whole units (under √2 units from the edge) and never bridges a real gap: a one-unit uncovered gap stays a gap. |
+| `TOLERANCE_LINEAR` (1000 units, 1 µm) | Insertion snaps points this close to an existing vertex, and helper points are placed this far from boundaries. The same radius bounds the rounding fallback, contacts and the sub-micron full-containment rule, so those decisions match what insertion would produce anyway. |
+| `enforcer_oversampling_distance` (0.2 mm) | Maximum step of enforced subdivision. |
+
+Raising the on-edge tolerance would not help with cuts beside a vertex: more
+points past a vertex would be clamped to its parameter and collapse. Lowering it
+would reject ordinary rounded cuts. The snapping radius is kept far above
+clipping precision for robustness: seam candidates hold single-precision
+coordinates, whose step is about 8 to 15 nm at typical object coordinates
+(about 0.25 µm 3 m from the object's centre, on large beds only), and
+weak boundaries and the strong point are located among the candidates by those
+coordinates, so distinct points must stay clearly distinct. 1 µm is also far
+below printing precision.
+
+## Diagnostics and warnings
+
+One `PreciseSeamWarnings` instance is shared by all objects and layers of a
+`SeamPlacer::init()` call. After all objects are processed, `SeamPlacer::init()`
+prepares at most one warning text, available through `precise_seam_warning()`.
+G-code export issues it as one non-critical warning with the ID
+`SlicingPreciseSeamWarning`. It is a single line, "Precise Seam: <causes>. Seam
+placement may differ from expected.", because the export warnings dialog shows
+only the first line of each warning. Repeated warning events replace the
+notification instead of appending to it. Except for the "had no effect" cause,
+the causes name the modifier types involved, as the menu names them, in menu
+order and each type once, for example "(Seam Left, Seam Enforced)".
+The causes are:
+
+- **failed to process some intersections (types):** at least one fragment was
+  discarded by binding. Other segments remain usable.
+- **multiple intersections with a perimeter, only one was used (types):**
+  a Seam Center, Left or Right modifier had more than one segment on a
+  perimeter (see [Strong modifiers](#strong-modifiers)).
+- **a perimeter is fully inside a modifier, the modifier was not applied to it
+  (types):** a Seam Center, Left, Right or Blocked modifier was skipped for a
+  perimeter (see [Full containment](#full-containment)).
+- **modifier "<name>" of "<object>" had no effect on the seam (it might not reach
+  the centerline of the printed perimeter):** a modifier was evaluated on at
+  least one perimeter and never gave a segment, full containment or a discarded
+  fragment. Only the first such modifier in print and volume order is named,
+  followed by "(N in total)" when there are several.
+
+  Only the effect is certain, so the cause is given as a hint. A modifier is
+  evaluated only when its turn comes: on a perimeter where a higher strong
+  modifier placed the seam, lower strong and all weak modifiers are not
+  evaluated. A modifier that was never evaluated is not reported, since nothing
+  is known about it. A point contact gives no segment and does not count as
+  reaching the perimeter.
+
+The log records the following diagnostic markers:
+
+- `[PreciseSeamIntersectionFailed]` for a discarded fragment, with object,
+  modifier, layer, height, fragment and failing pair, the failure reason and
+  point counts.
+- `[PreciseSeamFragmentRecovered]` for a recovery, with `outcome=bound` or
+  `outcome=contact`, the same location fields and the original failure reason.
+- `[PreciseSeamNoEffect]` for every modifier of the "had no effect" cause, with
+  the object and modifier names. Unlike the user warning, the log lists all of
+  them.
+
+Failures and recoveries are counted separately. The first 10 of each per
+`init()` call are logged in detail, in parallel processing order; if a limit is
+exceeded, one summary marker reports the total and the number omitted.
+
+## Known limitations
+
+- **The modifier must reach the perimeter centerline.** Contacts are taken as
+  clipping returns them, without offsets or tangency rules, so boundaries that
+  only graze the centerline are the user's responsibility. Several near-touches
+  on inclined edges can leave several segments separated by gaps of a few units;
+  their zones then cover nearly the whole perimeter instead of being treated as
+  full containment.
+- **Self-touching perimeters.** Extraction keeps distinct visits of one
+  coordinate apart through its source-edge bindings, but the consumers locate
+  inserted points by coordinates. A weak zone is typed and subdivided from the
+  first vertex with its boundary coordinate, while boundary helpers are added at
+  every such vertex. A strong point marks every candidate at its coordinate as
+  enforced, and the last one is restored after alignment. If a boundary or a
+  strong point falls exactly on a repeated coordinate, a zone may therefore start
+  from another visit, or the seam may start at another visit of the same point.
+  Carrying visit identity through insertion, refinement, candidates and
+  restoration would touch the whole pipeline, so it is not done for this rare
+  geometry. Overlapping source visits are likewise outside the binding contract.
+
+## Integration with the application
+
+### Other seam settings
+
+- Precise Seam takes part only in outer and hole perimeter seam placement. In
+  spiral vase mode the seam placer is not used for perimeters, so the modifiers
+  have no effect.
+- Scarf seams, the seam gap and wiping start from the chosen point exactly as
+  they would from an ordinary seam.
+- Seam painting acts only from model parts, the volumes the seam gizmo shows and
+  edits, and from negative volumes. Painting retained on a volume after a change
+  from part to a Precise Seam, ordinary or support modifier is ignored. A type
+  change back to a model part reactivates any retained painting.
+  Negative volumes keep it on purpose: painting a
+  part and turning it into a negative volume is the only way to paint the wall
+  of the hole it cuts. That painting still affects the seam but is invisible in
+  the gizmo and cannot be edited there; this is known technical debt.
+  If painting them is ever made editable, G-code invalidation must track it too:
+  `model_custom_seam_data_changed()` checks model parts only.
+
+### Model storage and 3MF compatibility
+
+Projects must stay readable by earlier releases, and a Precise Seam volume must
+not change a print there. Both 3MF writers therefore store it as an ordinary
+parameter modifier: `modifier_part` in the Bambu-format part subtype, and
+`ParameterModifier` together with the legacy `modifier` flag in the
+Prusa-format volume metadata. The seam mode is written separately under
 `precise_seam_type`, using the names from `ModelVolume::type_to_string()`
 (`precise_seam_center` and so on).
 
-On load, the mode applies after all other volume metadata, regardless of XML
-key order, and only when the base type is a modifier. Missing or unknown modes
-leave an ordinary modifier. Seam metadata on any other base type is ignored.
-Files that stored the seam mode directly as the volume type still load.
+On load, the mode is applied after all other volume metadata, regardless of XML
+key order, and only when the base type is a modifier. A missing or unknown mode
+leaves an ordinary modifier, and seam metadata on any other base type is
+ignored. Files that stored the seam mode directly as the volume type still load.
+A project saved again by an earlier release loses the seam mode for good: the
+volumes stay ordinary modifiers without settings.
 
 A Precise Seam volume keeps any per-volume settings it had as a part or
 modifier, but they are inactive and the object list shows no settings item for
 it. The writers prefix these keys with `precise_seam_config:`, so an earlier
-reader drops them as unknown options. The volume therefore loads there as a
-modifier without settings and has no effect on the print. The current reader
-restores the keys only when the volume ends up as a Precise Seam type, so the
-settings return when the user changes the type back. Configuration values are
-XML-escaped in both writers, for every volume type.
+reader drops them as unknown options and loads a modifier without settings,
+which has no effect on the print. The current reader restores the keys only when
+the volume ends up as a Precise Seam type, so the settings return when the user
+changes the type back.
 
-## Print invalidation
+### Print invalidation
 
 `Print::apply()` compares the Precise Seam volumes of each object by type, ID
-and transformation. Adding, removing, moving, reordering or retyping one
-cancels background processing and invalidates only `psGCodeExport`; the sliced
-layers are kept. `model_volume_list_update_supports_and_seams()` then brings
-the support and Precise Seam volumes of the print's model copy in line with the
-new model in one pass. A volume may switch between the two families, since
-neither affects slicing. A conversion to or from a part or ordinary modifier
-changes the solid and modifier volume lists and reslices as before.
+and transformation. Adding, removing, moving, reordering or retyping one cancels
+background processing and invalidates only `psGCodeExport`; the sliced layers
+are kept. `model_volume_list_update_supports_and_seams()` then brings the
+support and Precise Seam volumes of the print's model copy in line with the new
+model in one pass. A volume may switch between these two families, since neither
+affects object slicing; such a switch also changes the support volumes, so the
+support step is invalidated as well.
 
-## Modifier slices
+A conversion to or from a part or an ordinary modifier changes the solid and
+modifier volume lists and reslices the object as before. The volume keeps its
+ID across the type change, so the region cache treats a former support or
+Precise Seam volume that became a part or modifier as new, since it was never
+cached.
 
-`SeamPlacer::init()` collects the Precise Seam volumes of each object once:
-strong ones in priority order and weak ones reversed. It slices each volume
-separately with `PrintObject::slice_single_volume()`, which shares
-`slice_modifier_volumes()` with support blockers and enforcers but does not
-merge volumes, so each keeps its own priority. The result is cached per volume
-and indexed by object layer; `Layer::id()` includes raft layers, which are
-subtracted. Seam candidates are then gathered in parallel over the layers and
-read the cache without locking.
+Removing the last helper of a single-part object reslices it, as removing any
+last modifier would.
 
-Objects without Precise Seam volumes follow the unchanged seam placement path.
-For objects that have them, perimeter extraction also removes consecutive
-duplicate points and the repeated closing point of each extrusion loop.
-Zero-length edges at path junctions would otherwise prevent point insertion
-there. Distinct visits to one point of a self-touching contour are kept.
-
-## Finding the wall segment
-
-The seam placer works on the external perimeter loops of each layer, both
-outer contours and holes, each made counter-clockwise. For every modifier
-polygon on the layer that overlaps the perimeter's bounding box, the region
-enclosed by the perimeter is clipped against the modifier polygon. The boundary
-of each intersection polygon alternates between runs that follow the perimeter
-and runs that follow the modifier outline. The wall segment is the longest
-continuous run of intersection vertices that lie on the perimeter, measured in
-vertices.
-
-The fast path first finds an intersection vertex that exactly matches a
-perimeter vertex. It then walks forward and backward, expecting the adjacent
-perimeter vertex and falling back to projection when Clipper has merged or
-split collinear edges. A vertex counts as on the perimeter when its projection
-is within about 1.6 nm, which covers Clipper's rounding. If no vertex matches
-exactly, or every vertex lies on the perimeter, the general path projects all
-vertices. When every vertex is on the perimeter, the edge midpoints are checked
-instead: a modifier chord can join two perimeter vertices directly, and the
-chords split the vertex ring into runs. If no edge leaves the perimeter, the
-perimeter lies entirely inside the modifier.
-
-`Polygon::point_projection()` optionally reports the edge that holds the
-projection, and every point of the segment keeps the index of its perimeter
-edge. New points are inserted on that edge. A point within 1 µm of an existing
-vertex snaps to that vertex instead.
-
-## Strong modifiers
-
-For a strong modifier, the target is the first point, the last point or the
-arc-length midpoint of the segment. The midpoint is projected back onto the
-original perimeter, because Clipper may have merged several perimeter edges
-into one segment edge. The target is inserted into the perimeter, and a helper
-point is inserted 1 µm before and after it. Strong modifiers are tried in
-priority order, the first valid intersection decides the seam, and weak
-modifiers are not processed for that perimeter.
-
-When candidates are built, the inserted point is the only enforced candidate
-and becomes the central enforcer; every other candidate is blocked. The seam
-position modes then pick that point: Aligned and Aligned Back prefer the central
-enforcer, while Back, Random and Nearest rank enforced candidates above blocked
-ones. Alignment and random placement can still move the final position along an
-edge. After alignment, `restore_precise_seam_positions()` writes the exact point
-and its index back into every perimeter that has a strong seam. Inner walls take
-their seam from the external seam as usual, including staggering.
-
-## Weak modifiers
-
-Weak modifiers produce one segment per intersection polygon, so one modifier can
-mark several zones on one perimeter. All segment boundaries are inserted into
-the perimeter in order of decreasing arc length. Each insertion then leaves the
-indices of the pending, shorter ones unchanged; a point on the closing edge is
-appended rather than inserted at index zero. A helper point is added 1 µm
-outside each boundary. Random placement picks a position along the edge that
-follows a candidate. These helpers keep that edge 1 µm long at each boundary, so
-a zone cannot extend or intrude further than that. Boundaries that coincide
-share their helper points.
-
-The zone types are then resolved in priority order, and the edges of enforced
-zones are subdivided into steps of at most
-`SeamPlacer::enforcer_oversampling_distance` (0.2 mm). The middle candidate of
-the longest enforced patch is therefore close to the geometric middle of the
-zone. That patch is measured in candidates, across the closing edge, regardless
-of where the contour starts; the same rule applies to painted seams.
-
-Candidates first receive their type from seam painting. The weak zones then
-overwrite it, lowest priority first. Blocked and Enforced zones therefore take
-precedence over painting, and Neutral clears painting inside its zone.
-
-## Unsupported geometry and warnings
-
-Some modifier shapes cannot be resolved to one seam or one zone per crossing.
-They are detected cheaply and reported rather than guessed:
-
-- A strong modifier that crosses a perimeter in more than one place uses only
-  its first valid segment. The other crossings are ignored.
-- A modifier that crosses the whole region enclosed by the perimeter is
-  detected when the modifier outline minus that region leaves more than one
-  piece, none of them a hole. Its intersection holds two wall runs, and only
-  one of them is used.
-- A modifier whose slice has a hole on a layer, found as a clockwise polygon in
-  the flattened slice, is skipped on that layer. The flattened slice no longer
-  records which hole belongs to which contour.
-- A perimeter that lies entirely inside a modifier is ignored by that modifier.
-
-The conditions are atomic flags shared by all layers and objects. After all
-objects are processed, `SeamPlacer::init()` issues at most one non-critical
-warning with the ID `SlicingPreciseSeamWarning`. The warning is a single line
-that lists every cause found, because the export warnings dialog shows only the
-first line of each warning. Repeated warning events replace this notification
-instead of appending text to it.
-
-## User interface
+### User interface
 
 - *Add Precise Seam* in the object menu creates a Center modifier from a
   primitive or a loaded mesh. Text and SVG volumes cannot become Precise Seam
-  modifiers: the menu does not offer them, and `ObjectList::set_volume_type()`
+  modifiers: the menu does not offer it, and `ObjectList::set_volume_type()`
   refuses the change.
 - *Change Type* has a single *Precise Seam* entry. It converts other volumes to
   Center and keeps the mode of volumes that are already Precise Seam. The
-  *Precise Seam Type* submenu appears only when every selected item is a
-  Precise Seam volume, including settings rows that resolve to one. It sets the
-  chosen mode on all selected volumes.
+  *Precise Seam Type* submenu appears only when every selected item is a Precise
+  Seam volume, including settings rows that resolve to one, and sets the chosen
+  mode on all of them.
 - Each mode has its own icon in the object list and its own color in the 3D
-  view, at 60% opacity: warm oranges for the strong modes, and green, red and
-  gray for Enforced, Blocked and Neutral.
-- Object list drops map visible rows to volume indices while skipping hidden
-  cut connectors, and they refresh the row-to-volume map of the object.
-- Precise Seam volumes have no filament, block pasting into SLA, and are exposed
-  to Python plugins as `ModelVolumeType` values plus the `is_precise_seam*()`
-  methods.
+  view, at 60% opacity: warm orange, gold and dark orange for Center, Left and
+  Right; green, red and gray for Enforced, Blocked and Neutral. The three strong
+  colors are close shades of one orange because all three mark strong
+  modifiers; the object list icons tell the modes apart.
+- Precise Seam volumes have no filament and cannot be pasted into SLA objects.
+  Python plugins see them as `ModelVolumeType` values and through the
+  `is_precise_seam*()` methods.
 
 ## Implementation and verification
 
-- [PreciseSeam.cpp](../../src/libslic3r/GCode/PreciseSeam.cpp) implements segment
-  detection, point insertion, weak-zone resolution and position restoration.
-  [SeamPlacer.cpp](../../src/libslic3r/GCode/SeamPlacer.cpp) integrates it into
-  candidate gathering and issues the warning.
+- [PreciseSeam.cpp](../../src/libslic3r/GCode/PreciseSeam.cpp) implements the
+  modifier cache, perimeter preparation, segment extraction and binding, strong
+  selection and insertion, weak-zone preparation and application, and position
+  restoration. [PreciseSeam.hpp](../../src/libslic3r/GCode/PreciseSeam.hpp)
+  declares the contracts; [PreciseSeamInternal.hpp](../../src/libslic3r/GCode/PreciseSeamInternal.hpp)
+  exposes the binding internals to tests.
+- [SeamPlacer.cpp](../../src/libslic3r/GCode/SeamPlacer.cpp) fills the cache,
+  normalizes perimeters, calls both consumers while gathering candidates,
+  restores strong positions after alignment and prepares the warning text, which
+  [GCode.cpp](../../src/libslic3r/GCode.cpp) issues during G-code export.
 - [Model.hpp](../../src/libslic3r/Model.hpp) defines the types and their order,
   [PrintApply.cpp](../../src/libslic3r/PrintApply.cpp) handles invalidation, and
-  [PrintObjectSlice.cpp](../../src/libslic3r/PrintObjectSlice.cpp) slices the
-  modifiers. [bbs_3mf.cpp](../../src/libslic3r/Format/bbs_3mf.cpp) and
-  [3mf.cpp](../../src/libslic3r/Format/3mf.cpp) store them.
+  [PrintObjectSlice.cpp](../../src/libslic3r/PrintObjectSlice.cpp) slices single
+  volumes into structured regions. [bbs_3mf.cpp](../../src/libslic3r/Format/bbs_3mf.cpp)
+  and [3mf.cpp](../../src/libslic3r/Format/3mf.cpp) store them.
 - [GUI_Factories.cpp](../../src/slic3r/GUI/GUI_Factories.cpp) and
   [GUI_ObjectList.cpp](../../src/slic3r/GUI/GUI_ObjectList.cpp) provide the menus,
-  type changes and ordering.
+  type changes and ordering; [3DScene.cpp](../../src/slic3r/GUI/3DScene.cpp)
+  defines the colors.
+- [Segment extraction tests](../../tests/libslic3r/test_precise_seam.cpp) cover
+  clipping and binding: holes and components, contour origin and reversal,
+  repeated coordinates, collinear vertices and rounding, rollback and the
+  diagnostic limits, the rounding fallback on synthetic and real Clipper
+  fragments, contacts, and full containment including touches and sub-micron
+  gaps on inclined edges and around vertices.
 - [Precise Seam tests](../../tests/fff_print/test_precise_seam.cpp) cover the
-  strong positions, including a midpoint on an existing vertex or the closing
-  edge. They also cover shared and coincident weak boundaries, every warning,
-  and the priority order.
+  consumers: strong targets in every mode, including a midpoint on an existing
+  vertex or the closing edge, longest-arc selection and tie order in bed axes,
+  priorities, weak boundaries that coincide or share an edge, enforced
+  subdivision, whole-perimeter weak zones with painting and priorities, weak
+  zones over painting's oversampled candidates, the warning type masks, usage
+  tracking for the "had no effect" warning, volume sorting of strong and weak
+  groups, restoration of strong points after alignment, raft layer indexing and
+  structured slices. End-to-end tests slice a real object with Precise Seam
+  volumes and check the outer wall starts in the exported G-code: every strong
+  mode under several seam positions and with a raft, Enforced and Blocked zones,
+  a modifier with a hole, and the user warning.
 - [Seam placer tests](../../tests/fff_print/test_seam_placer.cpp) cover
   enforced-patch selection independent of the contour start, fully painted
-  contours, duplicate removal, and `Print::apply()` synchronization through
-  type changes and restored model snapshots.
+  contours, duplicate removal, and `Print::apply()` synchronization through type
+  changes and restored model snapshots. The duplicate-removal test also checks
+  the "had no effect" warning text prepared by `init()` for a helper that never
+  reaches the loop. Further tests check that adding, moving, retyping or
+  removing a Precise Seam volume invalidates only G-code export, and that seam
+  painting acts only from model parts and negative volumes, including after a
+  type change back to part.
 - [3MF tests](../../tests/libslic3r/test_precise_seam_3mf.cpp) cover the round
-  trip of every mode and of inactive settings, attribute escaping, and which
-  metadata combinations restore a seam mode.
+  trip of every mode and of inactive settings, attribute escaping, and the
+  metadata combinations that restore a seam mode.
   [Plugin tests](../../tests/slic3rutils/test_precise_seam_plugin.cpp) cover the
   Python bindings.

docs/HLSD/prusa-indx-profiles.md

@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+# Prusa CORE One INDX profiles
+
+The Prusa bundle provides separate four-tool and eight-tool CORE One INDX models
+with 0.4 mm high-flow nozzles and a 248 x 205 x 270 mm printable volume. These are
+independent-tool printers, not single-extruder MMU3 machines. Both inherit
+`fdm_machine_common_coreone_indx`, which inherits the ordinary CORE One HF
+printer; the concrete printer presets supply their tool-count-dependent arrays. The bed and wizard resources come from Prusa.
+
+The source configuration is PrusaResearch 2.5.10 from
+[Prusa's profile repository](https://github.com/prusa3d/PrusaSlicer-settings-prusa-fff/blob/65c5c8f1e1c3836f306119c49d717759cbc368db/PrusaResearch/2.5.10.ini).
+Its printer, process and filament settings are translated to Orca option names.
+The supplied process presets cover 0.10, 0.15, 0.20 and 0.25 mm layers. Their
+shared `fdm_process_coreone_indx` base inherits the ordinary CORE One HF SPEED
+process, with explicit INDX differences and layer-specific child settings.
+Material presets are shared with the ordinary CORE One family.
+
+## Tool changes and extrusion state
+
+The start script initializes a persistent `tool_init` vector, counts the tools
+used by the job, homes and probes using a loaded tool, calibrates the used tools,
+and primes the initial tool at the cleaning station. The change script preserves
+Prusa's `G27`, `P0`, `T`, `G12`, `G750` and `M906` sequences. It updates
+`e_retracted` so Orca's subsequent unretraction agrees with the script's extrusion.
+Per-tool temperature commands are guarded by `is_extruder_used`.
+
+The off-bed purge station is the default. With a prime tower enabled, a newly
+used tool still receives its initial station purge, while an initialized tool
+uses the source's wipe-tower preparation path. `tool_init` persists across these
+changes; treating every tool selection as first use would change the purge and
+deretraction sequence.
+
+Purge volume uses the filament's minimal purge setting. Orca's optional flush
+volumetric speed is divided by filament cross-sectional area before it is used
+as a linear extrusion-speed override. Prusa's separate `filament_flush_volume`
+override is not available in these profiles. The source's `EXCLUDE_E_START` and
+`EXCLUDE_E_END` internal markers become comments rather than printer commands.
+
+Pressure-advance restoration and automatic pressure-advance emission use the
+selected filament preset's settings. These profiles do not impose machine-owned
+filament overrides. Dock-fan control retains the source's material and layer
+conditions; shutdown parks the tool and turns off the used heaters and dock fan.
+
+## Configuration boundaries
+
+The scripts use Orca's temperature, retraction, fan and speed option names. The
+nozzle-check high-flow flag is fixed because these presets describe HF nozzles;
+the abrasive-material flag is derived from the filament's required nozzle HRC.
+An unset idle temperature uses Orca's zero sentinel. ABS's source XY shrinkage
+compensation is represented using Orca's retained-size percentage.
+
+Prusa's consistent-surface cooling strategy and filament-specific infill crossing
+speed limits have no direct Orca profile equivalent. These presets use Orca's
+native layer-time cooling and material volumetric limits. They do not add slicer
+features or change existing Prusa printer profiles.

localization/i18n/OrcaSlicer.pot

@@ -22855,3 +22855,28 @@ msgstr ""
 #: resources/data/hints.ini: [hint:Avoid warping]
 msgid "Avoid warping\nDid you know that when printing materials that are prone to warping such as ABS, appropriately increasing the heatbed temperature can reduce the probability of warping?"
 msgstr ""
+
+#: src/libslic3r/GCode/SeamPlacer.cpp
+#, possible-boost-format
+msgid "failed to process some intersections (%1%)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: src/libslic3r/GCode/SeamPlacer.cpp
+#, possible-boost-format
+msgid "multiple intersections with a perimeter, only one was used (%1%)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: src/libslic3r/GCode/SeamPlacer.cpp
+#, possible-boost-format
+msgid "a perimeter is fully inside a modifier, the modifier was not applied to it (%1%)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: src/libslic3r/GCode/SeamPlacer.cpp
+#, possible-boost-format
+msgid "modifier \"%1%\" of \"%2%\" had no effect on the seam (it might not reach the centerline of the printed perimeter)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: src/libslic3r/GCode/SeamPlacer.cpp
+#, possible-boost-format
+msgid "modifier \"%1%\" of \"%2%\" (%3% in total) had no effect on the seam (it might not reach the centerline of the printed perimeter)"
+msgstr ""

localization/i18n/ru/OrcaSlicer_ru.po

@@ -27362,17 +27362,30 @@ msgstr ""
 msgid "Precise Seam"
 msgstr "Точный шов"
 
-msgid "multiple intersections with a perimeter detected"
-msgstr "обнаружены множественные пересечения с периметром"
+#: src/libslic3r/GCode/SeamPlacer.cpp
+#, possible-boost-format
+msgid "failed to process some intersections (%1%)"
+msgstr "не удалось обработать некоторые пересечения (%1%)"
 
-msgid "modifier fully crosses the printable perimeter"
-msgstr "модификатор пересекает печатаемый периметр насквозь"
+#: src/libslic3r/GCode/SeamPlacer.cpp
+#, possible-boost-format
+msgid "multiple intersections with a perimeter, only one was used (%1%)"
+msgstr "несколько пересечений с периметром, использовано только одно (%1%)"
 
-msgid "modifier shape is not solid (has holes inside) and was ignored"
-msgstr "форма модификатора не сплошная (имеет отверстия) и была проигнорирована"
+#: src/libslic3r/GCode/SeamPlacer.cpp
+#, possible-boost-format
+msgid "a perimeter is fully inside a modifier, the modifier was not applied to it (%1%)"
+msgstr "периметр целиком внутри модификатора, модификатор для него не применён (%1%)"
 
-msgid "perimeter is fully contained inside modifier and was ignored"
-msgstr "периметр полностью содержится внутри модификатора и был проигнорирован"
+#: src/libslic3r/GCode/SeamPlacer.cpp
+#, possible-boost-format
+msgid "modifier \"%1%\" of \"%2%\" had no effect on the seam (it might not reach the centerline of the printed perimeter)"
+msgstr "модификатор «%1%» модели «%2%» не повлиял на шов (возможно, он не достигает осевой линии печатаемого периметра)"
+
+#: src/libslic3r/GCode/SeamPlacer.cpp
+#, possible-boost-format
+msgid "modifier \"%1%\" of \"%2%\" (%3% in total) had no effect on the seam (it might not reach the centerline of the printed perimeter)"
+msgstr "модификатор «%1%» модели «%2%» (всего: %3%) не повлиял на шов (возможно, он не достигает осевой линии печатаемого периметра)"
 
 msgid "Seam placement may differ from expected."
 msgstr "Размещение шва может отличаться от ожидаемого."

resources/hms/hms_action_26A.json

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