WIP fix for filament type syncing

External spool ids 254/255 keep their identity through filament changes and RFID refresh
Orca virtual trays persist across push_status snapshots and reset on reconnect
AMS writes gate on the device's declared FMS and filament-slot capabilities

docs/HLSD/printer-agent.md

@@ -152,6 +152,44 @@ The methods remain on the common interface so an agent that supports them can ov
 `sequence_id` remains part of the command contract because `DeviceManager` creates and tracks it as
 the command ID.
 
+## Filament and AMS synchronization
+
+The `OrcaPrinterAgent` bridges OrcaSonar's filament/AMS state. Its capability reply
+carries two independent signals: `protocol.features.fms` means a material system resolves,
+and `protocol.features.filament_slots` means the connector owns a filament-slot model that
+persists without any material hardware. Either one enables filament synchronization, so a
+printer with slots but no AMS still exposes the slot workflow. The agent also caches
+`protocol.ams_ops`, the canonical material write operations the resolved drivers implement,
+and uses it to gate AMS writes; `print.ams_filament_setting` is exempt because it persists
+connector state and is advertised by `filament_slots` alone. A write whose operation is not
+declared is refused with `CAP_NOT_AVAILABLE` before it reaches the wire.
+
+Printer state arrives as the pushed `ams`/`vir_slot` projection inside `push_status`; the
+Orca agent does not poll the Moonraker `lane_data` namespace, which exists for
+Moonraker-channel consumers. Slot presence is the user's declaration, not sensed material:
+`tray_exist_bits` and the presence of a `vir_slot` entry mark a slot as present even with an
+empty `tray_type`, which is the `is_exists` state the filament UI reads. A full status frame
+(`msg=0`, or a LAN frame with no `msg`) updates each virtual-tray ID it contains but does not
+remove IDs already observed during the current connection. An observed ID remains if omitted
+from a populated `vir_slot`, if `vir_slot` is empty, or if the field is absent. Before any
+virtual tray has been observed, a full frame with no virtual-tray entries clears the initial
+placeholder. `MachineObject::reset()` clears retained IDs on reconnect. Delta frames update
+named entries only. This retention rule is specific to the native Orca agent.
+
+Writes follow the same edge-translation rule as the rest of the agent. The shared
+`MachineObject` command builders emit Bambu-shaped `print.ams_*` payloads, and the agent's
+single send funnel decodes them into OrcaSonar's canonical bodies — `selector` with a flat
+lane or `ams_id`/`slot_id` coordinates for `ams_change_filament`, coordinates for
+`ams_filament_setting` — before publishing. The server resolves and rejects with its own
+`errno` backstop; the agent only withholds operations the device did not declare.
+
+A filament frame can arrive before the capability reply that decides synchronization mode,
+for example when the topology bootstraps after connect or Klipper restarts. While a device's
+capabilities are still unknown, the agent re-requests `get_capabilities` and a full status on
+a filament frame, throttled per device, and stops once an answer arrives. Dedicated
+capability state is cleared when a cloud device is deselected, while an independently active
+LAN session for the same device id keeps its declaration.
+
 ## Device ownership and stale responses
 
 Printer-agent ownership is represented by `printer_agent_id` on device records and `MachineObject`
@@ -233,6 +271,10 @@ inside the Bambu agent and the Orca agent's v1 sink adapter can be removed as a
   cloud camera contract
 - [`NetworkAgent`](../../src/slic3r/Utils/NetworkAgent.hpp) — façade and dispatch between active agents
 - [`NetworkAgentFactory`](../../src/slic3r/Utils/NetworkAgentFactory.hpp) — built-in and Python agent registry
+- [`OrcaPrinterAgent`](../../src/slic3r/Utils/OrcaPrinterAgent.hpp) — OrcaSonar transport, capability
+  discovery, and Bambu-to-canonical command translation
+- [`AmsPayload`](../../src/slic3r/Utils/AmsPayload.hpp) — shared filament payload rendering and the
+  per-device AMS capability cache
 - [`DeviceManager`](../../src/slic3r/GUI/DeviceCore/DevManager.cpp) — device ownership, filtering, and
   stale-response checks
 - [`PrinterAgentPluginCapability`](../../src/slic3r/plugin/pluginTypes/printerAgent/PrinterAgentPluginCapability.cpp)

scripts/test_moonraker_lane_data.py

@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ NAMESPACE = "lane_data"
 
 # Repo-relative paths for the offline generic-map check
 REPO_ROOT = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)))
-MOONRAKER_AGENT_CPP = os.path.join(REPO_ROOT, "src", "slic3r", "Utils", "MoonrakerPrinterAgent.cpp")
+AMS_PAYLOAD_CPP = os.path.join(REPO_ROOT, "src", "slic3r", "Utils", "AmsPayload.cpp")
 OFL_FILAMENT_DIR = os.path.join(REPO_ROOT, "resources", "profiles", "OrcaFilamentLibrary", "filament")
 LANE_KEYS = [f"lane{i}" for i in range(1, 9)]  # lane1-lane8
 MATERIALS = ["PLA", "ABS", "PETG", "ASA", "ASA Sparkle", "TPU", ""]
@@ -41,16 +41,16 @@ MATERIAL_TEMPS = {
 }
 
 def parse_cpp_type_map():
-    """Extract the normalized-type -> OFL generic family table from MoonrakerPrinterAgent.cpp.
+    """Extract the normalized-type -> OFL generic family table from AmsPayload.cpp.
 
-    Reads MoonrakerPrinterAgent::map_filament_type_to_generic_id's type_to_ofl_family
-    initializer so the check tracks the C++ normalization without a duplicated list.
+    Reads map_filament_type_to_generic_id's type_to_ofl_family initializer so the
+    check tracks the C++ normalization without a duplicated list.
     """
-    with open(MOONRAKER_AGENT_CPP, encoding="utf-8") as f:
+    with open(AMS_PAYLOAD_CPP, encoding="utf-8") as f:
         src = f.read()
     m = re.search(r"type_to_ofl_family\s*=\s*\{(.*?)\n\s*\};", src, re.DOTALL)
     if not m:
-        raise RuntimeError(f"type_to_ofl_family table not found in {MOONRAKER_AGENT_CPP}")
+        raise RuntimeError(f"type_to_ofl_family table not found in {AMS_PAYLOAD_CPP}")
     pairs = re.findall(r'\{\s*"([^"]+)"\s*,\s*"([^"]+)"\s*\}', m.group(1))
     if not pairs:
         raise RuntimeError("type_to_ofl_family table parsed empty")

src/libslic3r/Preset.cpp

@@ -3456,7 +3456,7 @@ size_t PresetCollection::first_visible_idx() const
     return first_visible;
 }
 
-size_t PresetCollection::first_visible_idx_by_type(const std::string& filament_type) const
+size_t PresetCollection::first_matching_filament_idx(const std::string& filament_type) const
 {
     size_t start = m_default_suppressed ? m_num_default_presets : 0;
 
@@ -3481,14 +3481,17 @@ size_t PresetCollection::first_visible_idx_by_type(const std::string& filament_t
     //    e.g. "PLA High Speed" -> "PLA"
     //    Dash-separated types like "PA-CF", "PET-CF" are distinct materials, not modifiers.
     auto sep = filament_type.find(' ');
-    if (sep != std::string::npos) {
-        idx = find_by_type(filament_type.substr(0, sep));
-        if (idx != size_t(-1))
-            return idx;
-    }
+    if (sep != std::string::npos)
+        return find_by_type(filament_type.substr(0, sep));
 
+    return size_t(-1);
+}
+
+size_t PresetCollection::first_visible_idx_by_type(const std::string& filament_type) const
+{
+    size_t idx = first_matching_filament_idx(filament_type);
     // 3. Any visible preset
-    return first_visible_idx();
+    return idx != size_t(-1) ? idx : first_visible_idx();
 }
 
 std::string PresetCollection::filament_id_by_type(const std::string& filament_type) const
@@ -3496,6 +3499,15 @@ std::string PresetCollection::filament_id_by_type(const std::string& filament_ty
     return preset(first_visible_idx_by_type(filament_type)).filament_id;
 }
 
+bool PresetCollection::filament_id_by_type(const std::string& filament_type, std::string& out) const
+{
+    size_t idx = first_matching_filament_idx(filament_type);
+    if (idx == size_t(-1))
+        return false;
+    out = preset(idx).filament_id;
+    return true;
+}
+
 std::vector<std::string> PresetCollection::diameters_of_selected_printer()
 {
     std::set<std::string> diameters;

src/libslic3r/Preset.hpp

@@ -756,6 +756,11 @@ public:
     size_t first_visible_idx_by_type(const std::string& filament_type) const;
     // Return the filament_id of the best-matching visible preset for the given filament type.
     std::string filament_id_by_type(const std::string& filament_type) const;
+    // As above, but returns false (and leaves `out` untouched) when no preset
+    // matches instead of falling back to first_visible_idx(). The fallback is a
+    // plain first-visible/PLA preset, which would bind an unknown material to an
+    // unrelated default.
+    bool filament_id_by_type(const std::string& filament_type, std::string& out) const;
     // Return index of the first compatible preset. Certainly at least the '- default -' preset shall be compatible.
     // If one of the prefered_alternates is compatible, select it.
     template<typename PreferedCondition> size_t first_compatible_idx(PreferedCondition prefered_condition) const
@@ -889,6 +894,10 @@ protected:
     void            set_custom_preset_alias(Preset &preset);
 
 private:
+    // Index of the first visible, compatible, system base preset matching
+    // filament_type (exact, then base type), or (size_t)-1 when none matches.
+    size_t first_matching_filament_idx(const std::string& filament_type) const;
+
     std::string canonical_preset_name(const std::string &name, const PresetOrigin &load_origin = PresetOrigin()) const;
 
     // Comparator that sorts "Generic " prefixed presets before others, then alphabetically within each group.

src/libslic3r/PresetBundle.cpp

@@ -4255,9 +4255,19 @@ std::vector<std::vector<DynamicPrintConfig>> PresetBundle::get_extruder_filament
     return filament_infos;
 }
 
-// ORCA TODO: currently, this function assumes the printer name follows the pattern of "<printer_model> <nozzle_diameter>", e.g.
-// printer_type: "Bambu Lab X2D", nozzle_diameter_str: "0.4 nozzle" => printer_name: "Bambu Lab X2D 0.4 nozzle". If the printer name does
-// not follow this pattern, the function may not work correctly.
+std::string PresetBundle::get_printer_model_display_name(const std::string &model_id) const
+{
+    for (const auto &vendor_entry : vendors) {
+        for (const auto &model : vendor_entry.second.models) {
+            if (model.model_id == model_id)
+                return model.name;
+        }
+    }
+    return {};
+}
+
+// ORCA TODO: this assumes printer names follow "<printer_model> <nozzle_diameter>", e.g.
+// "Bambu Lab X2D 0.4 nozzle". Other naming schemes may not resolve correctly.
 std::set<std::string> PresetBundle::get_printer_names_by_printer_type_and_nozzle(const std::string &printer_type, std::string nozzle_diameter_str, bool system_only)
 {
     std::set<std::string> printer_names;

src/libslic3r/PresetBundle.hpp

@@ -391,6 +391,7 @@ public:
 
     std::vector<std::vector<DynamicPrintConfig>> get_extruder_filament_info() const;
 
+    std::string get_printer_model_display_name(const std::string &model_id) const;
     std::set<std::string> get_printer_names_by_printer_type_and_nozzle(const std::string &printer_type, std::string nozzle_diameter_str, bool system_only = true);
     // Orca: the root filament presets a connected machine can use, resolved with the rule the rest
     // of the app applies (is_compatible_with_printer): an empty compatible_printers means every

src/slic3r/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -758,6 +758,8 @@ set(SLIC3R_GUI_SOURCES
     Utils/OrcaMqttConnection.hpp
     Utils/OrcaPrinterAgent.cpp
     Utils/OrcaPrinterAgent.hpp
+    Utils/AmsPayload.cpp
+    Utils/AmsPayload.hpp
     Utils/OrcaCloudSignalingChannel.cpp
     Utils/OrcaCloudSignalingChannel.hpp
     Utils/QidiPrinterAgent.cpp

src/slic3r/GUI/AMSMaterialsSetting.cpp

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 #include "GUI_App.hpp"
 #include "GUI.hpp"
 #include "slic3r/Utils/NetworkAgent.hpp"
+#include "slic3r/Utils/AmsPayload.hpp"
 #include "libslic3r/Preset.hpp"
 #include "I18N.hpp"
 #include <algorithm>
@@ -146,6 +147,7 @@ void AMSMaterialsSetting::create_panel_normal(wxWindow* parent)
 #else
     m_comboBox_filament = new ::ComboBox(parent, wxID_ANY, wxEmptyString, wxDefaultPosition, AMS_MATERIALS_SETTING_COMBOX_WIDTH, 0, nullptr, wxCB_READONLY);
 #endif
+    m_comboBox_filament->SetClientData(&m_comboBox_from_printer);
 
     m_sizer_filament->Add(m_comboBox_filament, 1, wxALIGN_CENTER, 0);
 
@@ -431,6 +433,10 @@ void AMSMaterialsSetting::update_filament_editing(bool is_printing)
         m_button_confirm->Show(true);
     }
 
+    const bool can_edit = !is_printing || obj->is_support_filament_setting_inprinting;
+    m_input_nozzle_min->Enable(m_is_third && can_edit);
+    m_input_nozzle_max->Enable(m_is_third && can_edit);
+
     if (!m_is_third) {
         m_tip_readonly->SetLabelText(wxEmptyString);
         m_tip_readonly->Hide();
@@ -453,6 +459,8 @@ void AMSMaterialsSetting::update_filament_editing(bool is_printing)
     if (m_view_only) { // Orca: view-only (2D laser/cut) — lock every edit control and hide apply/reset
         m_comboBox_filament->Enable(false);
         m_comboBox_cali_result->Enable(false);
+        m_input_nozzle_min->Enable(false);
+        m_input_nozzle_max->Enable(false);
         m_input_k_val->Enable(false);
         m_input_n_val->Enable(false);
         m_button_confirm->Hide();
@@ -477,10 +485,7 @@ void AMSMaterialsSetting::on_select_reset(wxCommandEvent& event) {
     m_filament_type = "";
     long nozzle_temp_min_int = 0;
     long nozzle_temp_max_int = 0;
-    wxColour color = *wxWHITE;
-    char col_buf[10];
-    sprintf(col_buf, "%02X%02X%02X00", (int)color.Red(), (int)color.Green(), (int)color.Blue());
-    std::string color_str;  // reset use empty string
+    std::string color_str; // empty; command_ams_filament_settings maps it to the empty-tray color
 
     std::string   selected_ams_id;
     PresetBundle *preset_bundle = wxGetApp().preset_bundle;
@@ -497,7 +502,7 @@ void AMSMaterialsSetting::on_select_reset(wxCommandEvent& event) {
 
     if (obj) {
         if(m_is_third){
-            obj->command_ams_filament_settings(ams_id, slot_id, ams_filament_id, ams_setting_id, std::string(col_buf), m_filament_type, nozzle_temp_min_int,
+            obj->command_ams_filament_settings(ams_id, slot_id, ams_filament_id, ams_setting_id, color_str, m_filament_type, nozzle_temp_min_int,
                                                nozzle_temp_max_int);
         }
 
@@ -668,7 +673,7 @@ void AMSMaterialsSetting::on_select_ok(wxCommandEvent &event)
 
     wxString nozzle_temp_max = m_input_nozzle_max->GetTextCtrl()->GetValue();
 
-    long nozzle_temp_min_int, nozzle_temp_max_int;
+    long nozzle_temp_min_int = 0, nozzle_temp_max_int = 0;
     nozzle_temp_min.ToLong(&nozzle_temp_min_int);
     nozzle_temp_max.ToLong(&nozzle_temp_max_int);
     wxColour color = m_clr_picker->m_colour;
@@ -872,12 +877,22 @@ void AMSMaterialsSetting::on_clr_picker(wxMouseEvent &event)
     }
 
     std::vector<wxColour> ams_colors;
-    obj->GetFilaSystem()->CollectAmsColors(ams_colors);
+    // A fixed-vocabulary printer can only show its own palette; anything else
+    // would offer a color its screen cannot hold.
+    const FilamentMetadataValues metadata = filament_metadata_values(obj->get_dev_id());
+    const bool constrained = metadata.constrained && !metadata.colors.empty();
+    if (constrained) {
+        for (const std::string& color : metadata.colors)
+            ams_colors.push_back(DevAmsTray::decode_color(color));
+    } else {
+        obj->GetFilaSystem()->CollectAmsColors(ams_colors);
+    }
 
     wxPoint img_pos = m_clr_picker->ClientToScreen(wxPoint(0, 0));
     wxPoint popup_pos(img_pos.x - m_color_picker_popup.GetSize().x - FromDIP(95), img_pos.y - FromDIP(65));
     m_color_picker_popup.Position(popup_pos, wxSize(0, 0));
     m_color_picker_popup.set_ams_colours(ams_colors);
+    m_color_picker_popup.set_constrained(constrained);
     m_color_picker_popup.set_def_colour(m_clr_picker->m_colour);
     m_color_picker_popup.Popup();
 }
@@ -940,6 +955,21 @@ static void _collect_filament_info(const wxString& shown_name,
     query_filament_types[shown_name] = filament.config.get_filament_type();
 }
 
+static std::string sGetFilamentPrinterModel(MachineObject *obj, PresetBundle *preset_bundle)
+{
+    if (!obj || !preset_bundle)
+        return {};
+
+    const wxString device_model = obj->get_printer_type_display_str();
+    if (!device_model.empty() && device_model != "OrcaSonar Printer" && device_model != _L("Unknown"))
+        return device_model.ToStdString();
+
+    // OrcaSonar's model ID is optional; use the selected profile when it is generic.
+    const ConfigOption *opt = preset_bundle->printers.get_selected_preset().config.option("printer_model");
+    const auto *model = dynamic_cast<const ConfigOptionString *>(opt);
+    return model ? model->value : std::string();
+}
+
 void AMSMaterialsSetting::Popup(wxString filament, wxString sn, wxString temp_min, wxString temp_max, wxString k, wxString n)
 {
     if (!obj) return;
@@ -952,6 +982,8 @@ void AMSMaterialsSetting::Popup(wxString filament, wxString sn, wxString temp_mi
 
     m_input_k_val->GetTextCtrl()->SetValue(k);
     m_input_n_val->GetTextCtrl()->SetValue(n);
+    m_input_nozzle_min->GetTextCtrl()->SetValue(wxEmptyString);
+    m_input_nozzle_max->GetTextCtrl()->SetValue(wxEmptyString);
 
     wxArrayString filament_items;
     wxString bambu_filament_name;
@@ -965,9 +997,7 @@ void AMSMaterialsSetting::Popup(wxString filament, wxString sn, wxString temp_mi
     map_filament_items.clear();
     PresetBundle *        preset_bundle = wxGetApp().preset_bundle;
     std::ostringstream    stream;
-    // Defensive: this dialog is opened only from StatusPanel (BBL-only) today, so the fallback fires
-    // only during the brief BBL startup window before firmware reports nozzle info. Without this,
-    // the "0.0" lookup string returns an empty set and the filament dropdown goes blank.
+    // Use the selected profile's nozzle diameter until the connected device reports one.
     float machine_diameter = obj->GetExtderSystem()->GetNozzleDiameter(0);
     if (machine_diameter == 0.0f && preset_bundle) {
         const ConfigOption *opt = preset_bundle->printers.get_selected_preset().config.option("nozzle_diameter");
@@ -975,19 +1005,24 @@ void AMSMaterialsSetting::Popup(wxString filament, wxString sn, wxString temp_mi
     }
     stream << std::fixed << std::setprecision(1) << machine_diameter;
     std::string nozzle_diameter_str = stream.str();
+    const std::string filament_printer_model = sGetFilamentPrinterModel(obj, preset_bundle);
 
-    if (preset_bundle) {
+    if (preset_bundle && !filament_printer_model.empty()) {
         BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(trace) << "system_preset_bundle filament number=" << preset_bundle->filaments.size();
         for (Preset *filament_it : preset_bundle->get_filament_presets_for_machine(
-                 DevPrinterConfigUtil::get_printer_display_name(obj->printer_type), nozzle_diameter_str, obj->is_support_user_preset)) {
+                 filament_printer_model, nozzle_diameter_str, obj->is_support_user_preset)) {
             if (!filament_id_set.insert(filament_it->filament_id).second)
                 continue;
             const std::string alias = preset_bundle->filaments.get_preset_alias(*filament_it, true);
             if (alias.empty())
                 continue;
 
-            filament_items.push_back(alias);
             _collect_filament_info(alias, *filament_it, query_filament_vendors, query_filament_types);
+            // A printer with a fixed vocabulary only offers the types it can
+            // hold, so an incompatible preset never reaches the list.
+            if (!filament_material_compatible(obj->get_dev_id(), query_filament_types[alias].ToStdString()))
+                continue;
+            filament_items.push_back(alias);
 
             FilamentInfos filament_infos;
             filament_infos.filament_id = filament_it->filament_id;
@@ -1045,6 +1080,10 @@ void AMSMaterialsSetting::Popup(wxString filament, wxString sn, wxString temp_mi
         else {
             m_comboBox_filament->Show();
             m_readonly_filament->Hide();
+            if (!temp_min.IsEmpty() && temp_min != "0")
+                m_input_nozzle_min->GetTextCtrl()->SetValue(temp_min);
+            if (!temp_max.IsEmpty() && temp_max != "0")
+                m_input_nozzle_max->GetTextCtrl()->SetValue(temp_max);
         }
 
         if (obj->cali_version >= 0) {
@@ -1182,6 +1221,7 @@ void AMSMaterialsSetting::Popup(wxString filament, wxString sn, wxString temp_mi
     }
 
     m_comboBox_filament->Set(filament_items);
+    m_comboBox_from_printer = 1;
     m_comboBox_filament->SetSelection(selection_idx);
     post_select_event(selection_idx);
 
@@ -1189,9 +1229,6 @@ void AMSMaterialsSetting::Popup(wxString filament, wxString sn, wxString temp_mi
         m_comboBox_filament->SetValue(wxEmptyString);
     }
 
-    // Set the flag whether to open the filament setting dialog from the device page
-    m_comboBox_filament->SetClientData(new int(1));
-
     update();
     Layout();
     Fit();
@@ -1221,16 +1258,14 @@ void AMSMaterialsSetting::on_select_cali_result(wxCommandEvent &evt)
 void AMSMaterialsSetting::on_select_filament(wxCommandEvent &evt)
 {
     // Get the flag whether to open the filament setting dialog from the device page
-    int* from_printer = static_cast<int*>(m_comboBox_filament->GetClientData());
+    const bool initial_printer_selection = m_comboBox_from_printer == 1;
 
     m_filament_type = "";
     PresetBundle* preset_bundle = wxGetApp().preset_bundle;
     if (preset_bundle) {
         std::ostringstream stream;
         if (obj) {
-            // Defensive: this dialog is opened only from StatusPanel (BBL-only) today, so the fallback fires
-            // only during the brief BBL startup window before firmware reports nozzle info. Without this,
-            // the "0.0" lookup string returns an empty set and filament lookup yields no results.
+            // Use the selected profile's nozzle diameter until the connected device reports one.
             float machine_diameter = obj->GetExtderSystem()->GetNozzleDiameter(0);
             if (machine_diameter == 0.0f) {
                 const ConfigOption *opt = preset_bundle->printers.get_selected_preset().config.option("nozzle_diameter");
@@ -1239,30 +1274,32 @@ void AMSMaterialsSetting::on_select_filament(wxCommandEvent &evt)
             stream << std::fixed << std::setprecision(1) << machine_diameter;
         }
         std::string nozzle_diameter_str = stream.str();
+        const std::string filament_printer_model = sGetFilamentPrinterModel(obj, preset_bundle);
         // Resolve the selection against the same list Popup() built the dropdown from, so the two
         // halves of the dialog cannot disagree about which filaments this machine can use.
         const std::string selected = m_comboBox_filament->GetValue().ToStdString();
-        if (!selected.empty()) {
+        if (!selected.empty() && !filament_printer_model.empty()) {
             const std::string filament_id = map_filament_items[selected].filament_id;
             for (Preset *it : preset_bundle->get_filament_presets_for_machine(
-                     DevPrinterConfigUtil::get_printer_display_name(obj->printer_type), nozzle_diameter_str, obj->is_support_user_preset)) {
+                     filament_printer_model, nozzle_diameter_str, obj->is_support_user_preset)) {
                 if (it->filament_id != filament_id)
                     continue;
-                // ) if nozzle_temperature_range is found
-                ConfigOption* opt_min = it->config.option("nozzle_temperature_range_low");
-                if (opt_min) {
-                    ConfigOptionInts* opt_min_ints = dynamic_cast<ConfigOptionInts*>(opt_min);
-                    if (opt_min_ints) {
-                        wxString text_nozzle_temp_min = wxString::Format("%d", opt_min_ints->get_at(0));
-                        m_input_nozzle_min->GetTextCtrl()->SetValue(text_nozzle_temp_min);
+                if (!initial_printer_selection) {
+                    ConfigOption* opt_min = it->config.option("nozzle_temperature_range_low");
+                    if (opt_min) {
+                        ConfigOptionInts* opt_min_ints = dynamic_cast<ConfigOptionInts*>(opt_min);
+                        if (opt_min_ints) {
+                            wxString text_nozzle_temp_min = wxString::Format("%d", opt_min_ints->get_at(0));
+                            m_input_nozzle_min->GetTextCtrl()->SetValue(text_nozzle_temp_min);
+                        }
                     }
-                }
-                ConfigOption* opt_max = it->config.option("nozzle_temperature_range_high");
-                if (opt_max) {
-                    ConfigOptionInts* opt_max_ints = dynamic_cast<ConfigOptionInts*>(opt_max);
-                    if (opt_max_ints) {
-                        wxString text_nozzle_temp_max = wxString::Format("%d", opt_max_ints->get_at(0));
-                        m_input_nozzle_max->GetTextCtrl()->SetValue(text_nozzle_temp_max);
+                    ConfigOption* opt_max = it->config.option("nozzle_temperature_range_high");
+                    if (opt_max) {
+                        ConfigOptionInts* opt_max_ints = dynamic_cast<ConfigOptionInts*>(opt_max);
+                        if (opt_max_ints) {
+                            wxString text_nozzle_temp_max = wxString::Format("%d", opt_max_ints->get_at(0));
+                            m_input_nozzle_max->GetTextCtrl()->SetValue(text_nozzle_temp_max);
+                        }
                     }
                 }
                 ConfigOption* opt_type = it->config.option("filament_type");
@@ -1301,13 +1338,16 @@ void AMSMaterialsSetting::on_select_filament(wxCommandEvent &evt)
         m_button_confirm->Disable(); // ORCA No need to change style
         m_comboBox_cali_result->Clear();
         m_comboBox_cali_result->SetValue(wxEmptyString);
-        m_input_k_val->GetTextCtrl()->SetValue(wxEmptyString);
-        m_input_n_val->GetTextCtrl()->SetValue(wxEmptyString);
-        m_comboBox_filament->SetClientData(new int(0));
+        if (!initial_printer_selection) {
+            m_input_k_val->GetTextCtrl()->SetValue(wxEmptyString);
+            m_input_n_val->GetTextCtrl()->SetValue(wxEmptyString);
+        }
+        m_comboBox_from_printer = 0;
         return;
     }
     else {
-        m_button_confirm->Enable(true);  // ORCA No need to change style
+        if (!m_view_only)
+            m_button_confirm->Enable(true);  // ORCA No need to change style
     }
 
     //filament id
@@ -1331,6 +1371,9 @@ void AMSMaterialsSetting::on_select_filament(wxCommandEvent &evt)
         }
     }
 
+    if (!ams_filament_id.empty())
+        m_clr_picker->is_empty(false);
+
     wxArrayString items;
     m_pa_profile_items.clear();
     m_comboBox_cali_result->SetValue(wxEmptyString);
@@ -1386,7 +1429,7 @@ void AMSMaterialsSetting::on_select_filament(wxCommandEvent &evt)
 
         m_comboBox_cali_result->Set(items);
         if (ams_id == VIRTUAL_TRAY_MAIN_ID || ams_id == VIRTUAL_TRAY_DEPUTY_ID) {
-            if (from_printer && (*from_printer == 1)) {
+            if (m_comboBox_from_printer == 1) {
                 for (auto slot : obj->vt_slot) {
                     if (slot.id == std::to_string(ams_id))
                         cali_select_idx = CalibUtils::get_selected_calib_idx(m_pa_profile_items, slot.cali_idx);
@@ -1403,7 +1446,7 @@ void AMSMaterialsSetting::on_select_filament(wxCommandEvent &evt)
             }
         }
         else {
-            if (from_printer && (*from_printer == 1)) {
+            if (m_comboBox_from_printer == 1) {
                 DevAmsTray* selected_tray = this->obj->GetFilaSystem()->GetAmsTray(std::to_string(ams_id), std::to_string(slot_id));
                 if (!selected_tray)
                 {
@@ -1437,7 +1480,7 @@ void AMSMaterialsSetting::on_select_filament(wxCommandEvent &evt)
     else {
         if (!ams_filament_id.empty()) {
             //m_input_k_val->GetTextCtrl()->SetValue("0.00");
-            m_input_k_val->Enable(true);
+            m_input_k_val->Enable(!m_view_only);
         }
         else {
             //m_input_k_val->GetTextCtrl()->SetValue("0.00");
@@ -1445,7 +1488,7 @@ void AMSMaterialsSetting::on_select_filament(wxCommandEvent &evt)
         }
     }
 
-    m_comboBox_filament->SetClientData(new int(0));
+    m_comboBox_from_printer = 0;
 }
 
 void AMSMaterialsSetting::on_dpi_changed(const wxRect &suggested_rect)
@@ -1707,6 +1750,7 @@ ColorPickerPopup::ColorPickerPopup(wxWindow* parent)
         cp->set_selected(false);
         cp->SetBackgroundColour(StateColor::darkModeColorFor(wxColour(238,238,238)));
         m_color_pickers.push_back(cp);
+        m_def_color_pickers.push_back(cp);
         fg_sizer->Add(cp, 0, wxALL, FromDIP(3));
         cp->Bind(wxEVT_LEFT_DOWN, [this, cp](auto& e) {
             set_def_colour(cp->m_colour);
@@ -1719,27 +1763,27 @@ ColorPickerPopup::ColorPickerPopup(wxWindow* parent)
     }
 
     wxBoxSizer* m_sizer_other = new wxBoxSizer(wxHORIZONTAL);
-    auto m_title_other = new wxStaticText(m_def_color_box, wxID_ANY, _L("Other Color"), wxDefaultPosition, wxDefaultSize, 0);
+    m_title_other = new wxStaticText(m_def_color_box, wxID_ANY, _L("Other Color"), wxDefaultPosition, wxDefaultSize, 0);
     m_title_other->SetFont(::Label::Body_14);
     m_title_other->SetBackgroundColour(wxColour(238, 238, 238));
     m_sizer_other->Add(m_title_other, 0, wxALL, 5);
-    auto other_line = new wxPanel(m_def_color_box, wxID_ANY, wxDefaultPosition, wxSize(-1, 1), wxTAB_TRAVERSAL);
-    other_line->SetMinSize(wxSize(-1, 1));
-    other_line->SetMaxSize(wxSize(-1, 1));
-    other_line->SetBackgroundColour(wxColour("#CECECE"));
-    m_sizer_other->Add(other_line, 1, wxALIGN_CENTER, 0);
+    m_other_line = new wxPanel(m_def_color_box, wxID_ANY, wxDefaultPosition, wxSize(-1, 1), wxTAB_TRAVERSAL);
+    m_other_line->SetMinSize(wxSize(-1, 1));
+    m_other_line->SetMaxSize(wxSize(-1, 1));
+    m_other_line->SetBackgroundColour(wxColour("#CECECE"));
+    m_sizer_other->Add(m_other_line, 1, wxALIGN_CENTER, 0);
 
     //custom color
     wxBoxSizer* m_sizer_custom = new wxBoxSizer(wxHORIZONTAL);
-    auto m_title_custom = new wxStaticText(m_def_color_box, wxID_ANY, _L("Custom Color"), wxDefaultPosition, wxDefaultSize, 0);
+    m_title_custom = new wxStaticText(m_def_color_box, wxID_ANY, _L("Custom Color"), wxDefaultPosition, wxDefaultSize, 0);
     m_title_custom->SetFont(::Label::Body_14);
     m_title_custom->SetBackgroundColour(wxColour(238, 238, 238));
-    auto custom_line = new wxPanel(m_def_color_box, wxID_ANY, wxDefaultPosition, wxSize(-1, 1), wxTAB_TRAVERSAL);
-    custom_line->SetBackgroundColour(wxColour("#CECECE"));
-    custom_line->SetMinSize(wxSize(-1, 1));
-    custom_line->SetMaxSize(wxSize(-1, 1));
+    m_custom_line = new wxPanel(m_def_color_box, wxID_ANY, wxDefaultPosition, wxSize(-1, 1), wxTAB_TRAVERSAL);
+    m_custom_line->SetBackgroundColour(wxColour("#CECECE"));
+    m_custom_line->SetMinSize(wxSize(-1, 1));
+    m_custom_line->SetMaxSize(wxSize(-1, 1));
     m_sizer_custom->Add(m_title_custom, 0, wxALL, 5);
-    m_sizer_custom->Add(custom_line, 1, wxALIGN_CENTER, 0);
+    m_sizer_custom->Add(m_custom_line, 1, wxALIGN_CENTER, 0);
 
     m_custom_cp =  new StaticBox(m_def_color_box);
     m_custom_cp->SetSize(FromDIP(60), FromDIP(25));
@@ -1879,6 +1923,22 @@ void ColorPickerPopup::set_ams_colours(std::vector<wxColour> ams)
     Fit();
 }
 
+// A printer with a fixed vocabulary only shows its own palette: the default
+// swatches and the custom picker would offer colors its screen cannot hold.
+void ColorPickerPopup::set_constrained(bool constrained)
+{
+    const bool show = !constrained;
+    m_title_other->Show(show);
+    m_other_line->Show(show);
+    for (ColorPicker* cp : m_def_color_pickers)
+        cp->Show(show);
+    m_title_custom->Show(show);
+    m_custom_line->Show(show);
+    m_custom_cp->Show(show);
+    Layout();
+    Fit();
+}
+
 void ColorPickerPopup::set_def_colour(wxColour col)
 {
     m_def_col = col;

src/slic3r/GUI/AMSMaterialsSetting.hpp

@@ -7,6 +7,8 @@
 #include "DeviceManager.hpp"
 #include "wx/clrpicker.h"
 #include "wx/colourdata.h"
+#include "wx/panel.h"
+#include "wx/stattext.h"
 #include "Widgets/RadioBox.hpp"
 #include "Widgets/Button.hpp"
 #include "Widgets/RoundedRectangle.hpp"
@@ -77,12 +79,20 @@ public:
     std::vector<wxColour> m_ams_colors;
     std::vector<ColorPicker*> m_color_pickers;
     std::vector<ColorPicker*> m_ams_color_pickers;
+    // Sections a fixed-vocabulary printer hides in set_constrained: its own
+    // palette is the only color its screen can show.
+    std::vector<ColorPicker*> m_def_color_pickers;
+    wxStaticText*             m_title_other{nullptr};
+    wxPanel*                  m_other_line{nullptr};
+    wxStaticText*             m_title_custom{nullptr};
+    wxPanel*                  m_custom_line{nullptr};
 
 public:
     ColorPickerPopup(wxWindow* parent);
     ~ColorPickerPopup() {};
     void on_custom_clr_picker(wxMouseEvent& event);
     void set_ams_colours(std::vector<wxColour> ams);
+    void set_constrained(bool constrained);
     void set_def_colour(wxColour col);
     void paintEvent(wxPaintEvent& evt);
     virtual void OnDismiss() wxOVERRIDE;
@@ -123,6 +133,10 @@ public:
     std::string    ams_setting_id;
 
     bool           m_is_third;
+
+    // Marks whether the filament combo was seeded from the printer's own tray.
+    // Stored as a member so the combo's client data never owns an allocation.
+    int            m_comboBox_from_printer{0};
     // Orca: view-only mode (laser/cut). When set, the dialog is inspectable but every
     // editing control is disabled and no command is sent.
     bool           m_view_only = false;

src/slic3r/GUI/DeviceCore/DevCalib.cpp

@@ -162,8 +162,10 @@ void DevCalib::ExtrusionCalibSetParse(const json & jj){
     int slot_id = tray_ams_slot_map.find(tray_id) != tray_ams_slot_map.end() ? tray_ams_slot_map[tray_id].second : -1;
 
     if(tray_id == VIRTUAL_TRAY_MAIN_ID) {
-        GetOwner()->vt_slot[MAIN_EXTRUDER_ID].k = jj.value("k_value", GetOwner()->vt_slot[MAIN_EXTRUDER_ID].k);
-        GetOwner()->vt_slot[MAIN_EXTRUDER_ID].n = jj.value("n_value", GetOwner()->vt_slot[MAIN_EXTRUDER_ID].n);
+        if (GetOwner()->vt_slot.size() > MAIN_EXTRUDER_ID) {
+            GetOwner()->vt_slot[MAIN_EXTRUDER_ID].k = jj.value("k_value", GetOwner()->vt_slot[MAIN_EXTRUDER_ID].k);
+            GetOwner()->vt_slot[MAIN_EXTRUDER_ID].n = jj.value("n_value", GetOwner()->vt_slot[MAIN_EXTRUDER_ID].n);
+        }
     }else{
         auto tray_item = GetOwner()->GetFilaSystem()->GetAmsTray(std::to_string(ams_id), std::to_string(slot_id));
         if (tray_item) {

src/slic3r/GUI/DeviceCore/DevFilaSystem.cpp

@@ -11,6 +11,8 @@
 #include "DevUtil.h"
 #include "DevUtilBackend.h"
 
+#include <algorithm>
+
 using namespace nlohmann;
 
 namespace Slic3r {
@@ -18,23 +20,31 @@ static int _hex_digit_to_int(const char c) { return (c >= '0' && c <= '9') ? c -
 
 wxColour DevAmsTray::decode_color(const std::string &color)
 {
-    std::array<int, 4> ret = {0, 0, 0, 0};
+    // 6 hex digits (RRGGBB) and 8 (RRGGBBAA) are both legal on the wire;
+    // normalize_ams_color pads the short form, so accept it here too.
+    const size_t hex_digits = (color.size() == 6 || color.size() == 8) ? color.size() : 0;
+    if (hex_digits == 0) return wxColour(255, 255, 255, 255);
+
+    std::array<int, 4> ret = {0, 0, 0, 255};
     const char *       c   = color.data();
-    if (color.size() == 8) {
-        for (size_t j = 0; j < 4; ++j) {
-            int digit1 = _hex_digit_to_int(*c++);
-            int digit2 = _hex_digit_to_int(*c++);
-            if (digit1 == -1 || digit2 == -1) break;
-            ret[j] = static_cast<float>(digit1 * 16 + digit2);
-        }
-    } else { return wxColour(255, 255, 255, 255); }
+    for (size_t j = 0; j < hex_digits / 2; ++j) {
+        int digit1 = _hex_digit_to_int(*c++);
+        int digit2 = _hex_digit_to_int(*c++);
+        if (digit1 == -1 || digit2 == -1) break;
+        ret[j] = digit1 * 16 + digit2;
+    }
 
     return wxColour(ret[0], ret[1], ret[2], ret[3]);
 }
 
 void DevAmsTray::UpdateColorFromStr(const std::string& color)
 {
-    if (color.empty()) return;
+    // An empty color clears, exactly like a payload that omits the key.
+    if (color.empty()) {
+        wx_color = wxColour();
+        this->color.clear();
+        return;
+    }
     if (this->color != color)
     {
         wx_color = "#" + wxString::FromUTF8(color);
@@ -42,6 +52,15 @@ void DevAmsTray::UpdateColorFromStr(const std::string& color)
     }
 }
 
+void DevAmsTray::UpdateEmptyState(bool material_fields_present)
+{
+    const auto is_zero_or_empty = [](const std::string& value) {
+        return value.empty() || std::all_of(value.begin(), value.end(), [](char c) { return c == '0'; });
+    };
+    is_empty = material_fields_present && setting_id.empty() && m_fila_type.empty() &&
+               is_zero_or_empty(color) && is_zero_or_empty(tag_uid);
+}
+
 void DevAmsTray::reset()
 {
     tag_uid             = "";
@@ -63,6 +82,7 @@ void DevAmsTray::reset()
     k                   = 0.0f;
     n                   = 0.0f;
     is_bbl              = false;
+    is_empty            = false;
     hold_count          = 0;
     remain              = 0;
 }
@@ -662,7 +682,7 @@ void DevFilaSystemParser::ParseV1_0(const json& jj, MachineObject* obj, DevFilaS
                                 //std::string type            = (*tray_it)["tray_type"].get<std::string>();
                                 std::string type = MachineObject::setting_id_to_type(curr_tray->setting_id, (*tray_it)["tray_type"].get<std::string>());
                                 // curr_tray->setting_id is our OF id; GFS00/GFS01 are the printer's own support-filament ids.
-                                auto* agent = GUI::wxGetApp().getAgent();
+                                auto* agent = wxTheApp != nullptr ? GUI::wxGetApp().getAgent() : nullptr;
                                 const std::string printer_filament_id = agent ? agent->from_orca_filament_id(curr_tray->setting_id) : curr_tray->setting_id;
                                 if (printer_filament_id == "GFS00")
                                 {
@@ -717,7 +737,8 @@ void DevFilaSystemParser::ParseV1_0(const json& jj, MachineObject* obj, DevFilaS
                             }
                             else
                             {
-                                curr_tray->color = "";
+                                // Absent and empty carry the same meaning.
+                                curr_tray->UpdateColorFromStr(std::string());
                             }
                             if (tray_it->contains("nozzle_temp_max"))
                             {
@@ -762,6 +783,7 @@ void DevFilaSystemParser::ParseV1_0(const json& jj, MachineObject* obj, DevFilaS
                             {
                                 curr_tray->remain = -1;
                             }
+                            curr_tray->UpdateEmptyState(tray_it->contains("tray_info_idx") && tray_it->contains("tray_type"));
                             // The tray objects are reused across status updates. Reset this
                             // state when a previously empty slot receives a filament again.
                             curr_tray->is_slot_placeholder = tray_it->contains("tray_slot_placeholder");
@@ -849,154 +871,4 @@ void DevFilaSystemParser::ParseV1_0(const json& jj, MachineObject* obj, DevFilaS
     }
 }
 
-static DevAms::AmsType ams_type_from_string(const std::string& s)
-{
-    if (s == "ams_lite" || s == "ams-lite") return DevAms::AMS_LITE;
-    if (s == "n3f")                          return DevAms::N3F;
-    if (s == "n3s")                          return DevAms::N3S;
-    return DevAms::AMS; // default
-}
-
-void DevFilaSystemParser::ParseAgentFilament(const json& data, MachineObject* obj, DevFilaSystem* system)
-{
-    if (!system || !data.is_object())
-        return;
-
-    // --- AMS units ---
-    if (data.contains("units") && data["units"].is_array())
-    {
-        std::set<std::string> seen_units;
-
-        for (const auto& u : data["units"])
-        {
-            if (!u.is_object() || !u.contains("id"))
-                continue;
-            const std::string ams_id = u.value("id", std::string());
-            if (ams_id.empty())
-                continue;
-            seen_units.insert(ams_id);
-
-            const int             ext_id = u.value("extruder", MAIN_EXTRUDER_ID);
-            const DevAms::AmsType type   = ams_type_from_string(u.value("type", std::string("ams")));
-
-            DevAms* ams = nullptr;
-            auto    it  = system->amsList.find(ams_id);
-            if (it == system->amsList.end())
-            {
-                ams = new DevAms(ams_id, ext_id, type);
-                system->amsList.insert(std::make_pair(ams_id, ams));
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                ams           = it->second;
-                ams->m_ext_id = ext_id;
-                ams->SetAmsType(type);
-            }
-
-            ams->m_exist               = true;
-            ams->m_current_temperature = u.value("temperature", (float) INVALID_AMS_TEMPERATURE);
-            ams->m_humidity_percent    = u.value("humidity_percent", -1);
-            ams->m_left_dry_time       = u.value("dry_time_min", 0);
-
-            // --- slots / trays ---
-            std::set<std::string> seen_slots;
-            if (u.contains("slots") && u["slots"].is_array())
-            {
-                for (const auto& s : u["slots"])
-                {
-                    if (!s.is_object())
-                        continue;
-                    const std::string tray_id = std::to_string(s.value("index", -1));
-                    seen_slots.insert(tray_id);
-
-                    DevAmsTray* tray = nullptr;
-                    auto        tit  = ams->m_trays.find(tray_id);
-                    if (tit == ams->m_trays.end())
-                    {
-                        tray = new DevAmsTray(tray_id);
-                        ams->m_trays.insert(std::make_pair(tray_id, tray));
-                    }
-                    else
-                    {
-                        tray = tit->second;
-                    }
-
-                    tray->is_exists       = s.value("loaded", false);
-                    tray->m_fila_type     = s.value("material", std::string());
-                    tray->setting_id      = s.value("preset_id", std::string());
-                    tray->UpdateColorFromStr(s.value("color", std::string()));
-                    tray->nozzle_temp_min = std::to_string(s.value("nozzle_temp_min", 0));
-                    tray->nozzle_temp_max = std::to_string(s.value("nozzle_temp_max", 0));
-                    tray->remain          = s.value("remain_percent", -1);
-                    tray->k               = s.value("k", 0.0f);
-                    if (s.contains("diameter_mm") && s["diameter_mm"].is_number())
-                        tray->diameter = std::to_string(s["diameter_mm"].get<double>());
-                    if (s.contains("weight_g") && s["weight_g"].is_number())
-                        tray->weight = std::to_string(s["weight_g"].get<int>());
-
-                    tray->cols.clear();
-                    if (s.contains("colors") && s["colors"].is_array())
-                    {
-                        for (const auto& c : s["colors"])
-                            if (c.is_string())
-                                tray->cols.push_back(c.get<std::string>());
-                    }
-                    tray->ctype = tray->cols.size() > 1 ? 1 : 0;
-                }
-            }
-
-            // prune trays no longer reported
-            for (auto tit = ams->m_trays.begin(); tit != ams->m_trays.end();)
-            {
-                if (seen_slots.count(tit->first) == 0)
-                {
-                    delete tit->second;
-                    tit = ams->m_trays.erase(tit);
-                }
-                else
-                {
-                    ++tit;
-                }
-            }
-        }
-
-        // prune units no longer reported
-        for (auto it = system->amsList.begin(); it != system->amsList.end();)
-        {
-            if (seen_units.count(it->first) == 0)
-            {
-                delete it->second;
-                it = system->amsList.erase(it);
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                ++it;
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    // --- external / direct spools -> obj->vt_slot ---
-    // extruder 0 -> main virtual slot, extruder >0 -> deputy.
-    if (obj && data.contains("external") && data["external"].is_array())
-    {
-        obj->vt_slot.clear();
-        for (const auto& e : data["external"])
-        {
-            if (!e.is_object())
-                continue;
-            const int  ext   = e.value("extruder", MAIN_EXTRUDER_ID);
-            const int  vt_id = (ext == MAIN_EXTRUDER_ID) ? VIRTUAL_TRAY_MAIN_ID : VIRTUAL_TRAY_DEPUTY_ID;
-            DevAmsTray tray(std::to_string(vt_id));
-            tray.is_exists       = e.value("loaded", false);
-            tray.m_fila_type     = e.value("material", std::string());
-            tray.setting_id      = e.value("preset_id", std::string());
-            tray.UpdateColorFromStr(e.value("color", std::string()));
-            tray.nozzle_temp_min = std::to_string(e.value("nozzle_temp_min", 0));
-            tray.nozzle_temp_max = std::to_string(e.value("nozzle_temp_max", 0));
-            tray.remain          = e.value("remain_percent", -1);
-            obj->vt_slot.push_back(tray);
-        }
-    }
-}
-
 }

src/slic3r/GUI/DeviceCore/DevFilaSystem.h

@@ -45,7 +45,8 @@ struct DevFilamentDryingPreset;
  * - color: Hex color string without '#' prefix (e.g., "FF0000")
  * - cols: Multi-color component list for gradient/multi-color filaments
  * - ctype: Color type indicator
- * - is_exists: Whether filament is currently loaded in the tray
+ * - is_exists: Whether the slot is present/configured (the user's layout wins);
+ *   not whether filament is loaded, so a configured empty slot stays present
  */
 class DevAmsTray
 {
@@ -82,6 +83,7 @@ public:
     wxColour        wx_color;
     bool            is_bbl;
     bool            is_exists = false;
+    bool            is_empty = false;  // Explicitly reported as having no filament.
     bool            is_slot_placeholder = false;  // Orca: True for empty tray slots from pull-mode agents
     int             hold_count = 0;
     int             remain = 0;         // filament remain: 0 ~ 100
@@ -90,13 +92,15 @@ public:
     // operators
     bool operator==(DevAmsTray const& o) const
     {
-        return id == o.id && m_fila_type == o.m_fila_type && filament_setting_id == o.filament_setting_id && color == o.color;
+        return id == o.id && m_fila_type == o.m_fila_type && filament_setting_id == o.filament_setting_id &&
+               color == o.color && is_empty == o.is_empty;
     }
     bool operator!=(DevAmsTray const& o) const { return !operator==(o); }
 
     // setters
     void reset();
     void UpdateColorFromStr(const std::string& color);
+    void UpdateEmptyState(bool material_fields_present);
     void set_hold_count() { hold_count = HOLD_COUNT_MAX; }
 
     // getter
@@ -415,8 +419,6 @@ class DevFilaSystemParser
 {
 public:
     static void ParseV1_0(const json& print_json, MachineObject* obj, DevFilaSystem* system, bool key_field_only);
-
-    static void ParseAgentFilament(const json& data, MachineObject* obj, DevFilaSystem* system);
 };
 
 struct DevFilamentDryingPreset
@@ -433,4 +435,4 @@ struct DevFilamentDryingPreset
     float filament_dev_ams_drying_heat_distortion_temperature = 0.0f;
 };
 
-}// namespace Slic3r
+}// namespace Slic3r

src/slic3r/GUI/DeviceCore/DevManager.cpp

@@ -68,7 +68,9 @@ namespace Slic3r
 
     AppConfig* DeviceManager::get_app_config() const
     {
-        return m_app_config ? m_app_config : GUI::wxGetApp().app_config;
+        if (m_app_config)
+            return m_app_config;
+        return wxTheApp ? GUI::wxGetApp().app_config : nullptr;
     }
 
     void DeviceManager::load_local_machines_from_config()
@@ -476,7 +478,7 @@ namespace Slic3r
 
     void DeviceManager::update_local_machine(const MachineObject& m)
     {
-        update_local_machine(m, GUI::wxGetApp().app_config);
+        update_local_machine(m, wxTheApp ? GUI::wxGetApp().app_config : nullptr);
     }
 
     int DeviceManager::query_bind_status(std::string& msg, const std::string& provider)

src/slic3r/GUI/DeviceManager.cpp

@@ -378,16 +378,9 @@ wxString MachineObject::get_printer_type_display_str() const
 {
     std::string display_name = DevPrinterConfigUtil::get_printer_display_name(printer_type);
 
-    // Bambu printers use m_resource_file_path + "/printers/" + type_str + ".json", which is a semantic that only works for their profiles.
-    // For any other profile, we can simply consult preset bundle if the model_id exists. 
-    if (display_name.empty()) {
-        for (const auto& [vendor_id, vendor] : GUI::wxGetApp().preset_bundle->vendors) {
-            for (const auto& model : vendor.models) {
-                if (printer_type == model.model_id)
-                    display_name = model.name;
-            }
-        }
-    }
+    // Bambu names come from Bambu configs; other vendors resolve through preset model IDs.
+    if (display_name.empty() && GUI::wxGetApp().preset_bundle)
+        display_name = GUI::wxGetApp().preset_bundle->get_printer_model_display_name(printer_type);
 
     if (!display_name.empty())
         return display_name;
@@ -479,7 +472,8 @@ void MachineObject::set_access_code(std::string code, bool only_refresh)
 {
     this->access_code = code;
     if (only_refresh) {
-        AppConfig* config = m_manager ? m_manager->get_app_config() : GUI::wxGetApp().app_config;
+        AppConfig* config = m_manager ? m_manager->get_app_config()
+                                     : (wxTheApp ? GUI::wxGetApp().app_config : nullptr);
         if (config) {
             if (is_lan_mode_printer()) {
                 // why: LAN codes are scoped via BBLocalMachine::access_code, keyed by dev_id and
@@ -539,6 +533,69 @@ PrinterSeries MachineObject::get_printer_series() const
         return PrinterSeries::SERIES_P1P;
 }
 
+bool MachineObject::is_bbl_agent() const
+{
+    // Empty id means "unattributed", treated as BBL to preserve the RFID lock.
+    return printer_agent_id == BBL_PRINTER_AGENT_ID || printer_agent_id.empty();
+}
+
+bool MachineObject::is_orca_agent() const
+{
+    return printer_agent_id == ORCA_PRINTER_AGENT_ID;
+}
+
+void MachineObject::reset_orca_virtual_trays_for_reconnect()
+{
+    if (!is_orca_agent())
+        return;
+    m_orca_seen_virtual_trays.clear();
+    vt_slot.clear();
+    vt_slot.emplace_back(std::to_string(VIRTUAL_TRAY_MAIN_ID));
+    ams_support_virtual_tray = true;
+}
+
+bool MachineObject::ams_filament_ack_failed(const nlohmann::json& jj, std::string& reason)
+{
+    reason.clear();
+    if (!jj.contains("result") || !jj["result"].is_string() ||
+        jj["result"].get<std::string>() == "success")
+        return false;
+    if (jj.contains("reason") && jj["reason"].is_string())
+        reason = jj["reason"].get<std::string>();
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool MachineObject::ams_filament_native_sync_pending(const nlohmann::json& jj)
+{
+    return jj.contains("native_sync") && jj["native_sync"].is_string() &&
+           jj["native_sync"].get<std::string>() == "pending";
+}
+
+bool MachineObject::ams_filament_connector_only(const nlohmann::json& jj)
+{
+    return jj.contains("native_sync") && jj["native_sync"].is_string() &&
+           jj["native_sync"].get<std::string>() == "connector_only";
+}
+
+void MachineObject::fill_ams_filament_ack_tray(DevAmsTray& tray, const nlohmann::json& jj)
+{
+    // Every field is optional: `jj` is a mutable copy, so a bare operator[]
+    // would insert null and the get<> below would throw type_error.
+    if (jj.contains("nozzle_temp_max") && jj["nozzle_temp_max"].is_number())
+        tray.nozzle_temp_max = std::to_string(jj["nozzle_temp_max"].get<int>());
+    if (jj.contains("nozzle_temp_min") && jj["nozzle_temp_min"].is_number())
+        tray.nozzle_temp_min = std::to_string(jj["nozzle_temp_min"].get<int>());
+    if (jj.contains("tray_color") && jj["tray_color"].is_string())
+        tray.color = jj["tray_color"].get<std::string>();
+    if (jj.contains("tray_info_idx") && jj["tray_info_idx"].is_string())
+        tray.setting_id = jj["tray_info_idx"].get<std::string>();
+    if (jj.contains("tray_type") || jj.contains("tray_info_idx")) {
+        const std::string type = (jj.contains("tray_type") && jj["tray_type"].is_string()) ? jj["tray_type"].get<std::string>() : tray.m_fila_type;
+        tray.m_fila_type = setting_id_to_type(tray.setting_id, type);
+    }
+    tray.set_hold_count();
+}
+
 PrinterArch MachineObject::get_printer_arch() const
 {
     return DevPrinterConfigUtil::get_printer_arch(printer_type);
@@ -622,8 +679,7 @@ MachineObject::MachineObject(DeviceManager* manager, NetworkAgent* agent, std::s
     has_ipcam = true; // default true
 
 
-    auto vslot = DevAmsTray(std::to_string(VIRTUAL_TRAY_MAIN_ID));
-    vt_slot.push_back(vslot);
+    // vt_slot is seeded by reset() above; do not push a second copy here.
 
     {
         m_lamp = new DevLamp(this);
@@ -750,6 +806,7 @@ DevAmsTray *MachineObject::get_curr_tray()
 {
     const std::string& cur_ams_id = m_extder_system->GetCurrentAmsId();
     if (cur_ams_id.compare(std::to_string(VIRTUAL_TRAY_MAIN_ID)) == 0) {
+        if (vt_slot.empty()) return nullptr;
         return &vt_slot[0];
     }
 
@@ -1682,8 +1739,8 @@ int MachineObject::command_ams_change_filament(bool load, std::string ams_id, st
         if (atoi(ams_id.c_str()) < 16) {
             tray_id = atoi(ams_id.c_str()) * 4 + atoi(slot_id.c_str());
         }
-        // TODO: Orca hack
-        if (ams_id == "254")
+        // Preserve the legacy alias outside Orca; OrcaSonar uses both ids for tool identity.
+        if (ams_id == "254" && !is_orca_agent())
             ams_id = "255";
 
         j["print"]["command"]     = "ams_change_filament";
@@ -1765,8 +1822,10 @@ int MachineObject::command_ams_filament_settings(int ams_id, int slot_id, std::s
     j["print"]["tray_id"]       = tag_tray_id;
     j["print"]["tray_info_idx"] = filament_id;
     j["print"]["setting_id"]    = setting_id;
-    // format "FFFFFFFF"   RGBA
-    j["print"]["tray_color"]        = tray_color;
+    // Always present: Bambu firmware echoes it into the tray handler, and a
+    // slim request would make that echo throw. An empty value becomes the
+    // protocol's own empty-tray color.
+    j["print"]["tray_color"] = tray_color.empty() ? std::string("00000000") : tray_color;
     j["print"]["nozzle_temp_min"]   = nozzle_temp_min;
     j["print"]["nozzle_temp_max"]   = nozzle_temp_max;
     j["print"]["tray_type"]         = tray_type;
@@ -2570,13 +2629,11 @@ void MachineObject::reset()
     json empty_j;
     print_json.diff2all_base_reset(empty_j);
 
-    for (auto i = 0; i < vt_slot.size(); i++) {
-        vt_slot[i].reset();
-
-        if (i == 1) {
-            vt_slot.erase(vt_slot.begin() + 1);
-        }
-    }
+    // Restore the constructor seed and clear Orca's per-connection retained IDs.
+    vt_slot.clear();
+    vt_slot.push_back(DevAmsTray(std::to_string(VIRTUAL_TRAY_MAIN_ID)));
+    m_orca_seen_virtual_trays.clear();
+    ams_support_virtual_tray = true;
     // why: reset reuses MachineObject, so release its lazy subtask
     // before dropping the pointer to prevent reconnect leaks.
     if (subtask_) {
@@ -2804,6 +2861,7 @@ int MachineObject::local_publish_json(std::string json_str, int qos, int flag)
 std::string MachineObject::setting_id_to_type(std::string setting_id, std::string tray_type)
 {
     std::string type;
+    if (wxTheApp == nullptr) return tray_type;
     PresetBundle* preset_bundle = GUI::wxGetApp().preset_bundle;
     if (preset_bundle) {
         for (auto it = preset_bundle->filaments.begin(); it != preset_bundle->filaments.end(); it++) {
@@ -2881,6 +2939,9 @@ int MachineObject::parse_json(std::string tunnel, std::string payload, bool key_
 
     try {
         bool restored_json = false;
+        // msg=0 (or a LAN frame without msg) is parsed as a full snapshot;
+        // removal behavior remains field- and agent-specific.
+        bool full_snapshot = true;
         json j;
         if (!parse_ok)
             j_pre = json::parse(payload);
@@ -2897,11 +2958,12 @@ int MachineObject::parse_json(std::string tunnel, std::string payload, bool key_
                             BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(trace) << "static: get push_all msg, dev_id=" << dev_id;
                             m_push_count++;
                             m_full_msg_count++;
-
+                            full_snapshot = true;
                             if (!printer_type.empty())
                                 print_json.load_compatible_settings(printer_type, "");
                             print_json.diff2all_base_reset(j_pre);
                         } else if (j_pre["print"]["msg"].get<int>() == 1) {    //diff message
+                            full_snapshot = false;
                             if (print_json.diff2all(j_pre, j) == 0) {
                                 restored_json = true;
                             } else {
@@ -3129,7 +3191,7 @@ int MachineObject::parse_json(std::string tunnel, std::string payload, bool key_
             }
 
             if (!key_field_only) {
-                if (!m_manager->IsMultiMachineEnabled() && !is_support_agora) {
+                if ((!m_manager || !m_manager->IsMultiMachineEnabled()) && !is_support_agora) {
                     if (jj.contains("support_tunnel_mqtt")) {
                         if (jj["support_tunnel_mqtt"].is_boolean()) {
                             is_support_tunnel_mqtt = jj["support_tunnel_mqtt"].get<bool>();
@@ -3291,23 +3353,35 @@ int MachineObject::parse_json(std::string tunnel, std::string payload, bool key_
                 m_nozzle_mapping_ptr->ParseAutoNozzleMapping(jj);
 
                 if (jj["command"].get<std::string>() == "ams_change_filament") {
-                    if (jj.contains("errno")) {
-                        if (jj["errno"].is_number()) {
-                            if (jj.contains("soft_temp")) {
-                                int soft_temp = jj["soft_temp"].get<int>();
-                                if (jj["errno"].get<int>() == -2) {
-                                    wxString text = wxString::Format(_L("The chamber temperature is too high, which may cause the filament to soften. Please wait until the chamber temperature drops below %d\u2103. You may open the front door or enable fans to cool down."), soft_temp);
-                                    GUI::wxGetApp().push_notification(this, text);
-                                } else if (jj["errno"].get<int>() == -4) {
-                                    wxString text = wxString::Format(_L("AMS temperature is too high, which may cause the filament to soften. Please wait until the AMS temperature drops below %d\u2103."), soft_temp);
-                                    GUI::wxGetApp().push_notification(this, text);
-                                }
-                            } else {
-                                if (jj["errno"].get<int>() == -2) {
-                                    wxString text = _L("The current chamber temperature or the target chamber temperature exceeds 45\u2103. In order to avoid extruder clogging, low temperature filament(PLA/PETG/TPU) is not allowed to be loaded.");
-                                    GUI::wxGetApp().push_notification(this, text);
-                                }
-                            }
+                    const int ack_errno = jj.contains("errno") && jj["errno"].is_number()
+                        ? jj["errno"].get<int>() : 0;
+                    bool temperature_failure_notified = false;
+                    if (jj.contains("soft_temp") && jj["soft_temp"].is_number()) {
+                        const int soft_temp = jj["soft_temp"].get<int>();
+                        if (ack_errno == -2) {
+                            wxString text = wxString::Format(_L("The chamber temperature is too high, which may cause the filament to soften. Please wait until the chamber temperature drops below %d\u2103. You may open the front door or enable fans to cool down."), soft_temp);
+                            GUI::wxGetApp().push_notification(this, text);
+                            temperature_failure_notified = true;
+                        } else if (ack_errno == -4) {
+                            wxString text = wxString::Format(_L("AMS temperature is too high, which may cause the filament to soften. Please wait until the AMS temperature drops below %d\u2103."), soft_temp);
+                            GUI::wxGetApp().push_notification(this, text);
+                            temperature_failure_notified = true;
+                        }
+                    } else if (ack_errno == -2) {
+                        wxString text = _L("The current chamber temperature or the target chamber temperature exceeds 45\u2103. In order to avoid extruder clogging, low temperature filament(PLA/PETG/TPU) is not allowed to be loaded.");
+                        GUI::wxGetApp().push_notification(this, text);
+                        temperature_failure_notified = true;
+                    }
+
+                    if (is_orca_agent() && !temperature_failure_notified) {
+                        std::string ack_reason;
+                        bool ack_failed = ams_filament_ack_failed(jj, ack_reason);
+                        ack_failed = ack_failed || ack_errno != 0;
+                        if (ack_failed) {
+                            wxString text = _L("Failed to change filament");
+                            if (!ack_reason.empty())
+                                text += wxString::FromUTF8(": ") + wxString::FromUTF8(ack_reason);
+                            GUI::wxGetApp().push_notification(this, text);
                         }
                     }
                 }
@@ -4037,42 +4111,120 @@ int MachineObject::parse_json(std::string tunnel, std::string payload, bool key_
                     catch (...) {
                         ;
                     }
-                    update_printer_preset_name();
-                    update_filament_list();
+                    // Both read the GUI preset bundle; skip them in a headless
+                    // process (unit tests), where wxTheApp is null.
+                    if (wxTheApp != nullptr) {
+                        update_printer_preset_name();
+                        update_filament_list();
+                    }
                     if (jj.contains("ams")) {
                         DevFilaSystemParser::ParseV1_0(jj, this, m_fila_system.get(), key_field_only);
                     }
 
-                    /* vitrual tray*/
+                    /* virtual tray */
                     if (!key_field_only) {
                         try {
-                            if (jj.contains("vir_slot") && jj["vir_slot"].is_array()) {
-
-                                for (auto it = jj["vir_slot"].begin(); it != jj["vir_slot"].end(); it++) {
-                                    auto vslot = parse_vt_tray(it.value().get<json>());
-
-                                    if (vslot.id == std::to_string(VIRTUAL_TRAY_MAIN_ID)) {
-                                        auto it = std::next(vt_slot.begin(), 0);
-                                        if (it != vt_slot.end()) {
-                                            vt_slot[0] = vslot;
-                                        }
-                                        else {
-                                            vt_slot.push_back(vslot);
-                                        }
+                            if (is_orca_agent()) {
+                                auto clear_unseen_seed = [&]() {
+                                    if (m_orca_seen_virtual_trays.empty()) {
+                                        vt_slot.clear();
+                                        ams_support_virtual_tray = false;
+                                    } else {
+                                        ams_support_virtual_tray = true;
                                     }
-                                    else if (vslot.id == std::to_string(VIRTUAL_TRAY_DEPUTY_ID)) {
-                                        auto it = std::next(vt_slot.begin(), 1);
-                                        if (it != vt_slot.end()) {
-                                            vt_slot[1] = vslot;
+                                };
+                                auto merge_orca_tray = [&](DevAmsTray vslot) {
+                                    if (vslot.id != std::to_string(VIRTUAL_TRAY_MAIN_ID)
+                                        && vslot.id != std::to_string(VIRTUAL_TRAY_DEPUTY_ID))
+                                        return;
+
+                                    m_orca_seen_virtual_trays.insert(vslot.id);
+                                    auto held = std::find_if(vt_slot.begin(), vt_slot.end(), [&](const DevAmsTray& tray) {
+                                        return tray.id == vslot.id;
+                                    });
+                                    if (held != vt_slot.end()) {
+                                        *held = std::move(vslot);
+                                    } else if (vslot.id == std::to_string(VIRTUAL_TRAY_MAIN_ID)) {
+                                        vt_slot.insert(vt_slot.begin(), std::move(vslot));
+                                    } else {
+                                        auto main = std::find_if(vt_slot.begin(), vt_slot.end(), [](const DevAmsTray& tray) {
+                                            return tray.id == std::to_string(VIRTUAL_TRAY_MAIN_ID);
+                                        });
+                                        if (main == vt_slot.end()) {
+                                            vt_slot.insert(vt_slot.begin(), DevAmsTray(std::to_string(VIRTUAL_TRAY_MAIN_ID)));
+                                            main = vt_slot.begin();
                                         }
-                                        else {
-                                            vt_slot.push_back(vslot);
+                                        auto deputy = std::find_if(vt_slot.begin(), vt_slot.end(), [](const DevAmsTray& tray) {
+                                            return tray.id == std::to_string(VIRTUAL_TRAY_DEPUTY_ID);
+                                        });
+                                        if (deputy == vt_slot.end())
+                                            vt_slot.insert(std::next(main), std::move(vslot));
+                                    }
+                                    ams_support_virtual_tray = true;
+                                };
+
+                                if (jj.contains("vir_slot") && jj["vir_slot"].is_array()) {
+                                    if (jj["vir_slot"].empty()) {
+                                        if (full_snapshot)
+                                            clear_unseen_seed();
+                                    } else {
+                                        for (const auto& entry : jj["vir_slot"]) {
+                                            if (!entry.is_object() || !entry.contains("id") || !entry["id"].is_string())
+                                                continue;
+                                            const std::string id = entry["id"].get<std::string>();
+                                            if (id == std::to_string(VIRTUAL_TRAY_MAIN_ID)
+                                                || id == std::to_string(VIRTUAL_TRAY_DEPUTY_ID))
+                                                merge_orca_tray(parse_vt_tray(entry.get<json>()));
+                                        }
+                                        if (full_snapshot)
+                                            clear_unseen_seed();
+                                    }
+                                } else if (jj.contains("vt_tray")) {
+                                    auto main_slot = parse_vt_tray(jj["vt_tray"].get<json>());
+                                    main_slot.id = std::to_string(VIRTUAL_TRAY_MAIN_ID);
+                                    merge_orca_tray(std::move(main_slot));
+                                } else if (full_snapshot) {
+                                    clear_unseen_seed();
+                                }
+                            } else if (jj.contains("vir_slot") && jj["vir_slot"].is_array()) {
+                                if (jj["vir_slot"].empty()) {
+                                    if (full_snapshot) {
+                                        vt_slot.clear();
+                                        ams_support_virtual_tray = false;
+                                    }
+                                } else {
+                                    ams_support_virtual_tray = true;
+                                    if (full_snapshot) {
+                                        std::vector<DevAmsTray> fresh;
+                                        for (const auto& entry : jj["vir_slot"]) {
+                                            auto vslot = parse_vt_tray(entry.get<json>());
+                                            if (vslot.id == std::to_string(VIRTUAL_TRAY_MAIN_ID)) {
+                                                if (fresh.empty())
+                                                    fresh.push_back(vslot);
+                                                else
+                                                    fresh[0] = vslot;
+                                            } else if (vslot.id == std::to_string(VIRTUAL_TRAY_DEPUTY_ID) && !fresh.empty()) {
+                                                if (fresh.size() > 1)
+                                                    fresh[1] = vslot;
+                                                else
+                                                    fresh.push_back(vslot);
+                                            }
+                                        }
+                                        vt_slot = std::move(fresh);
+                                    } else {
+                                        for (const auto& entry : jj["vir_slot"]) {
+                                            auto vslot = parse_vt_tray(entry.get<json>());
+                                            for (auto& held : vt_slot) {
+                                                if (held.id == vslot.id) {
+                                                    held = vslot;
+                                                    break;
+                                                }
+                                            }
                                         }
                                     }
                                 }
-
-                            }
-                            else if (jj.contains("vt_tray")) {
+                            } else if (jj.contains("vt_tray")) {
+                                ams_support_virtual_tray = true;
                                 auto main_slot = parse_vt_tray(jj["vt_tray"].get<json>());
                                 main_slot.id = std::to_string(VIRTUAL_TRAY_MAIN_ID);
 
@@ -4085,9 +4237,8 @@ int MachineObject::parse_json(std::string tunnel, std::string payload, bool key_
                                     vt_slot.push_back(main_slot);
                                 }
                             }
-                            else {
-                                ams_support_virtual_tray = false;
-                            }
+                            // For Bambu and legacy agents, missing keys do not change
+                            // the current tray state.
                         }
                         catch (...) {
                             ;
@@ -4126,47 +4277,42 @@ int MachineObject::parse_json(std::string tunnel, std::string payload, bool key_
                     // BBS trigger ams UI update
                     ams_version = -1;
 
-                    if (jj["ams_id"].is_number()) {
+                    // OPCP acks a rejected/failed write with result "fail" and an
+                    // errno (-19 validation, -4 persist). Without this the failure
+                    // looked like success and left the old spool on screen.
+                    std::string ack_reason;
+                    const bool ack_failed = ams_filament_ack_failed(jj, ack_reason);
+                    if (ack_failed) {
+                        BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(warning) << "ams_filament_setting rejected: errno="
+                                                   << (jj.contains("errno") ? jj["errno"].dump() : "?")
+                                                   << ", reason=" << ack_reason;
+                        wxString text = _L("Failed to set AMS filament");
+                        if (!ack_reason.empty())
+                            text += wxString::FromUTF8(": ") + wxString::FromUTF8(ack_reason);
+                        GUI::wxGetApp().push_notification(this, text);
+                    } else if (ams_filament_native_sync_pending(jj)) {
+                        GUI::wxGetApp().push_notification(this, _L("Filament settings are saved and will be applied when the printer reconnects."));
+                    } else if (ams_filament_connector_only(jj)) {
+                        GUI::wxGetApp().push_notification(this, _L("Filament settings were saved by OrcaSonar but could not be applied to the printer."));
+                    }
+
+                    if (!ack_failed && jj["ams_id"].is_number()) {
                         int ams_id = jj["ams_id"].get<int>();
                         int tray_id = 0;
                         if (jj.contains("tray_id")) {
                             tray_id = jj["tray_id"].get<int>();
                         }
-                        if (ams_id == 255 && tray_id == VIRTUAL_TRAY_MAIN_ID) {
+                        if (ams_id == 255 && tray_id == VIRTUAL_TRAY_MAIN_ID && !vt_slot.empty()) {
                             BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(info) << "ams_filament_setting, parse tray info";
-                            vt_slot[0].nozzle_temp_max = std::to_string(jj["nozzle_temp_max"].get<int>());
-                            vt_slot[0].nozzle_temp_min = std::to_string(jj["nozzle_temp_min"].get<int>());
-                            vt_slot[0].color = jj["tray_color"].get<std::string>();
-                            vt_slot[0].setting_id = jj["tray_info_idx"].get<std::string>();
-                            //vt_tray.type = jj["tray_type"].get<std::string>();
-                            vt_slot[0].m_fila_type = setting_id_to_type(vt_slot[0].setting_id, jj["tray_type"].get<std::string>());
-                            // delay update
-                            vt_slot[0].set_hold_count();
+                            fill_ams_filament_ack_tray(vt_slot[0], jj);
+                            vt_slot[0].is_exists = true;
                         } else {
                             auto ams = m_fila_system->GetAmsById(std::to_string(ams_id));
                             if (ams) {
-                                tray_id = jj["tray_id"].get<int>();
                                 auto tray_it = ams->GetTrays().find(std::to_string(tray_id));
                                 if (tray_it != ams->GetTrays().end()) {
                                     BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(trace) << "ams_filament_setting, parse tray info";
-                                    tray_it->second->nozzle_temp_max = std::to_string(jj["nozzle_temp_max"].get<int>());
-                                    tray_it->second->nozzle_temp_min = std::to_string(jj["nozzle_temp_min"].get<int>());
-                                    //tray_it->second->type = jj["tray_type"].get<std::string>();
-                                    tray_it->second->color = jj["tray_color"].get<std::string>();
-
-                                    /*tray_it->second->cols.clear();
-                                    if (jj.contains("cols")) {
-                                        if (jj["cols"].is_array()) {
-                                            for (auto it = jj["cols"].begin(); it != jj["cols"].end(); it++) {
-                                                tray_it->second->cols.push_back(it.value().get<std::string>());
-                                            }
-                                        }
-                                    }*/
-
-                                    tray_it->second->setting_id = jj["tray_info_idx"].get<std::string>();
-                                    tray_it->second->m_fila_type = setting_id_to_type(tray_it->second->setting_id, jj["tray_type"].get<std::string>());
-                                    // delay update
-                                    tray_it->second->set_hold_count();
+                                    fill_ams_filament_ack_tray(*tray_it->second, jj);
                                 } else {
                                     BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(warning) << "ams_filament_setting, can not find in trayList, tray_id=" << tray_id;
                                 }
@@ -4285,7 +4431,7 @@ int MachineObject::parse_json(std::string tunnel, std::string payload, bool key_
                             ;
                         }
                     }
-                    if (tray_id == VIRTUAL_TRAY_MAIN_ID) {
+                    if (tray_id == VIRTUAL_TRAY_MAIN_ID && !vt_slot.empty()) {
                         if (jj.contains("k_value"))
                             vt_slot[0].k = jj["k_value"].get<float>();
                         if (jj.contains("n_coef"))
@@ -4673,7 +4819,9 @@ int MachineObject::parse_json(std::string tunnel, std::string payload, bool key_
     if (diff.count() > 10.0f) {
         BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(trace) << "parse_json timeout = " << diff.count();
     }
-    DeviceManager::update_local_machine(*this, m_manager ? m_manager->get_app_config() : GUI::wxGetApp().app_config);
+    AppConfig* app_config = m_manager ? m_manager->get_app_config()
+                                      : (wxTheApp ? GUI::wxGetApp().app_config : nullptr);
+    DeviceManager::update_local_machine(*this, app_config);
 
     return 0;
 }
@@ -5075,6 +5223,9 @@ bool MachineObject::is_firmware_info_valid()
 DevAmsTray MachineObject::parse_vt_tray(json vtray)
 {
     auto vt_tray = DevAmsTray(std::to_string(VIRTUAL_TRAY_MAIN_ID));
+    // OrcaSonar emits a virtual slot only when the layout has it: the user's
+    // configuration wins, so it is present even with no material loaded.
+    vt_tray.is_exists = true;
 
     if (vtray.contains("id"))
         vt_tray.id = vtray["id"].get<std::string>();
@@ -5102,7 +5253,7 @@ DevAmsTray MachineObject::parse_vt_tray(json vtray)
             //std::string type = vtray["tray_type"].get<std::string>();
             std::string type = setting_id_to_type(vt_tray.setting_id, vtray["tray_type"].get<std::string>());
             // vt_tray.setting_id is our OF id (translated on the way in); the two support ids below are the printer's own.
-            auto* agent = GUI::wxGetApp().getAgent();
+            auto* agent = wxTheApp != nullptr ? GUI::wxGetApp().getAgent() : nullptr;
             const std::string printer_filament_id = agent ? agent->from_orca_filament_id(vt_tray.setting_id) : vt_tray.setting_id;
             if (printer_filament_id == "GFS00") {
                 vt_tray.m_fila_type = "PLA-S";
@@ -5197,6 +5348,7 @@ DevAmsTray MachineObject::parse_vt_tray(json vtray)
         else {
             vt_tray.remain = -1;
         }
+        vt_tray.UpdateEmptyState(vtray.contains("tray_info_idx") && vtray.contains("tray_type"));
     }
 
     return vt_tray;
@@ -5521,7 +5673,7 @@ void MachineObject::parse_new_info2(const json& info)
     parse_bool("support_build_plate_marker_detect", is_support_build_plate_marker_detect);
     parse_bool("support_nozzle_blob_detect", is_support_nozzle_blob_detection);
 
-    if (!m_manager->IsMultiMachineEnabled() && !is_support_agora)
+    if ((!m_manager || !m_manager->IsMultiMachineEnabled()) && !is_support_agora)
         parse_bool("support_tunnel_mqtt", is_support_tunnel_mqtt);
 
     const auto bed_leveling_it = flags.find("support_bed_leveling");
@@ -5686,7 +5838,9 @@ int MachineObject::get_flag_bits(int num, int start, int count, int base) const
 
 void MachineObject::update_filament_list()
 {
+    if (wxTheApp == nullptr) return;
     PresetBundle *preset_bundle = Slic3r::GUI::wxGetApp().preset_bundle;
+    if (preset_bundle == nullptr) return;
 
     // custom filament
     typedef std::map<std::string, std::pair<int, int>> map_pair;
@@ -5756,6 +5910,7 @@ void MachineObject::update_filament_list()
 void MachineObject::update_printer_preset_name()
 {
     BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(info) << __FUNCTION__ << " " << __LINE__ << "start update preset_name";
+    if (wxTheApp == nullptr) return;
     PresetBundle *     preset_bundle = Slic3r::GUI::wxGetApp().preset_bundle;
     if (!preset_bundle) return;
     auto               printer_model = DevPrinterConfigUtil::get_printer_display_name(this->printer_type);
@@ -5830,14 +5985,11 @@ void MachineObject::check_ams_filament_valid()
             if (curr_tray->setting_id.size() == 8 && curr_tray->setting_id[0] == 'P' && filament_list.find(curr_tray->setting_id) == filament_list.end()) {
                 if (checked_filament.find(curr_tray->setting_id) != checked_filament.end()) {
                     need_checked_filament_id[nozzle_diameter_str].insert(curr_tray->setting_id);
-                    wxColour color = *wxWHITE;
-                    char     col_buf[10];
-                    sprintf(col_buf, "%02X%02X%02XFF", (int) color.Red(), (int) color.Green(), (int) color.Blue());
                     try {
                         BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(info) << __FUNCTION__ << " " << __LINE__ << " ams settings_id is not exist in filament_list and reset, ams_id: " << ams_id << " tray_id"
                                                 << slot_id << "filament_id: " << curr_tray->setting_id;
 
-                        command_ams_filament_settings(std::stoi(ams_id), std::stoi(slot_id), "", "", std::string(col_buf), "", 0, 0);
+                        command_ams_filament_settings(std::stoi(ams_id), std::stoi(slot_id), "", "", "00000000", "", 0, 0);
                         continue;
                     } catch (...) {
                         BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(info) << __FUNCTION__ << " " << __LINE__ << " stoi error and ams_id: " << ams_id << " tray_id" << slot_id;
@@ -5892,12 +6044,9 @@ void MachineObject::check_ams_filament_valid()
         if (vt_tray.setting_id.size() == 8 && vt_tray.setting_id[0] == 'P' && filament_list.find(vt_tray.setting_id) == filament_list.end()) {
             if (checked_filament.find(vt_tray.setting_id) != checked_filament.end()) {
                 need_checked_filament_id[nozzle_diameter_str].insert(vt_tray.setting_id);
-                wxColour color = *wxWHITE;
-                char     col_buf[10];
-                sprintf(col_buf, "%02X%02X%02XFF", (int) color.Red(), (int) color.Green(), (int) color.Blue());
                 try {
                     BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(info) << "vt_tray.setting_id is not exist in filament_list and reset vt_tray and the filament_id is: " << vt_tray.setting_id;
-                    command_ams_filament_settings(vt_id, 0, "", "", std::string(col_buf), "", 0, 0);
+                    command_ams_filament_settings(vt_id, 0, "", "", "00000000", "", 0, 0);
                     continue;
                 } catch (...) {
                     BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(info) << __FUNCTION__ << " " << __LINE__ << " stoi error and tray_id" << vt_tray.id;

src/slic3r/GUI/DeviceManager.hpp

@@ -113,6 +113,7 @@ private:
     std::string dev_name;
     std::string dev_ip;
     std::string access_code;
+    std::unordered_set<std::string> m_orca_seen_virtual_trays;
 
     // type, time stamp, delay
     std::vector<std::tuple<std::string, uint64_t, uint64_t>> message_delay;
@@ -161,6 +162,20 @@ public:
     void set_agent(NetworkAgent* agent) { m_agent = agent; }
     NetworkAgent* get_agent() const { return m_agent; } // Orca: needed by DeviceCore modules (DevAxisCtrl)
 
+    // Orca: true only for devices managed by Bambu's own agent, where a
+    // non-zero tag_uid is an RFID lock. Other agents report it as metadata.
+    bool is_bbl_agent() const;
+    bool is_orca_agent() const;
+    void reset_orca_virtual_trays_for_reconnect();
+
+    // Orca: an OPCP failure ack (result != "success"). Fills reason when present.
+    static bool ams_filament_ack_failed(const nlohmann::json& jj, std::string& reason);
+    static bool ams_filament_native_sync_pending(const nlohmann::json& jj);
+    static bool ams_filament_connector_only(const nlohmann::json& jj);
+    // Orca: apply one ams_filament_setting echo to a tray. A slim ack omits
+    // fields; an unguarded get here would throw and drop the whole push frame.
+    static void fill_ams_filament_ack_tray(DevAmsTray& tray, const nlohmann::json& jj);
+
     // Orca: these DeviceCore module accessors are unwired on the read side — axis/chamber/status
     // are fed every MQTT push but no GUI consumer reads them yet, and for calib/upgrade the inline
     // parse in DeviceManager.cpp remains authoritative. Do not wire DevUpgrade naively: its

src/slic3r/GUI/DeviceTab/uiAMSBestPositionPopup.cpp

@@ -943,7 +943,11 @@ int ReselectMachineDialog::CaculateSwitcherDistribution(MachineObject* obj, cons
                 const auto& can = ams.cans[j];
                 auto id = getTrayID(obj, ams.ams_id, can.can_id);
                 auto material = can.material_name;
-                if (can.material_state == AMSCanType::AMS_CAN_TYPE_THIRDBRAND ||
+                if (can.is_empty || can.material_state == AMSCanType::AMS_CAN_TYPE_EMPTY)
+                {
+                    material = L("Empty");
+                }
+                else if (can.material_state == AMSCanType::AMS_CAN_TYPE_THIRDBRAND ||
                     can.material_state == AMSCanType::AMS_CAN_TYPE_BRAND ||
                     can.material_state == AMSCanType::AMS_CAN_TYPE_VIRTUAL)
                 {
@@ -952,11 +956,6 @@ int ReselectMachineDialog::CaculateSwitcherDistribution(MachineObject* obj, cons
                         material = L("?");
                     }
                 }
-                if (can.material_state == AMSCanType::AMS_CAN_TYPE_EMPTY)
-                {
-                    material = "Empty";
-                }
-
                 auto itOK = std::find_if(posOK.begin(), posOK.end(), [&](const trayHelper& tray){
                     auto amsID = std::get<0>(tray);
                     auto slotID = std::get<1>(tray);
@@ -1043,4 +1042,4 @@ ReselectMachineDialog::~ReselectMachineDialog()
 
 } // namespace GUI
 
-} // namespace Slic3r
+} // namespace Slic3r

src/slic3r/GUI/GUI_App.cpp

@@ -2173,6 +2173,7 @@ void GUI_App::init_networking_callbacks()
                 /* request_pushing */
                 MachineObject* obj = m_device_manager->get_my_machine(tunnel ? dev_id.substr(7) : dev_id);
                 if (obj) {
+                    obj->reset_orca_virtual_trays_for_reconnect();
                     obj->is_tunnel_mqtt = tunnel;
                     obj->command_request_push_all(true);
                     obj->command_get_version();
@@ -2215,6 +2216,7 @@ void GUI_App::init_networking_callbacks()
 
                         if (obj->is_lan_mode_printer()) {
                             if (state == ConnectStatus::ConnectStatusOk) {
+                                obj->reset_orca_virtual_trays_for_reconnect();
                                 obj->command_request_push_all(true);
                                 obj->command_get_version();
                                 event.SetInt(0);
@@ -2336,8 +2338,13 @@ void GUI_App::init_networking_callbacks()
 
                 if (MachineObject* obj = m_device_manager->get_my_machine(dev_id)) {
                     obj->parse_json("lan", msg);
-                    // Orca: skip it if it doesn't support subscription based filament sync
-                    if (this->m_device_manager->get_selected_machine() == obj &&
+                    // Orca: skip it if it doesn't support subscription based filament
+                    // sync, and skip frames that carry no filament state at all
+                    // (progress, temps, hms) so the AMS list is not rebuilt every push.
+                    const bool has_filament_state = msg.find("\"vir_slot\"") != std::string::npos ||
+                                                    msg.find("\"ams\":") != std::string::npos;
+                    if (has_filament_state &&
+                        this->m_device_manager->get_selected_machine() == obj &&
                         m_agent->get_filament_sync_mode() == FilamentSyncMode::subscription) {
                         GUI::wxGetApp().sidebar().load_ams_list(obj);
                     }

src/slic3r/GUI/Plater.cpp

@@ -737,6 +737,7 @@ struct Sidebar::priv
     ScalableButton *  m_bpButton_add_filament;
     ScalableButton *  m_bpButton_del_filament;
     ScalableButton *  m_bpButton_ams_filament;
+    bool              m_ams_sync_button_show{true}; // last applied AMS sync button visibility
     ScalableButton *  m_bpButton_set_filament;
     int m_menu_filament_id = -1;
 
@@ -3452,6 +3453,22 @@ void Sidebar::remove_unused_filament_combos(const size_t current_extruder_count)
     }
 }
 
+void Sidebar::update_ams_sync_button()
+{
+    if (!p->m_bpButton_ams_filament || !wxGetApp().preset_bundle)
+        return;
+    // BBL printers always advertise AMS sync; other agents follow the active
+    // agent's filament sync mode, which flips to subscription only after the
+    // printer's get_capabilities reply arrives.
+    const bool show = wxGetApp().preset_bundle->use_bbl_network() ||
+                      (wxGetApp().getAgent() && wxGetApp().getAgent()->get_filament_sync_mode() != FilamentSyncMode::none);
+    if (p->m_ams_sync_button_show == show)
+        return;
+    p->m_ams_sync_button_show = show;
+    p->m_bpButton_ams_filament->Show(show);
+    p->m_bpButton_ams_filament->GetParent()->Layout();
+}
+
 void Sidebar::update_all_preset_comboboxes()
 {
     PresetBundle &preset_bundle = *wxGetApp().preset_bundle;
@@ -3469,7 +3486,7 @@ void Sidebar::update_all_preset_comboboxes()
         //p->btn_connect_printer->Hide();
         p->m_printer_connect->Hide();
         //only show sync-ams button for BBL printer
-        p->m_bpButton_ams_filament->Show();
+        update_ams_sync_button();
         //update print button default value for bbl or third-party printer
         p_mainframe->set_print_button_to_default(MainFrame::PrintSelectType::ePrintPlate);
     } else {
@@ -3478,11 +3495,7 @@ void Sidebar::update_all_preset_comboboxes()
         p->m_printer_connect->Show(!use_printer_agents);
 
         // ORCA: show/hide sync-ams button based on filament sync mode
-        auto agent = wxGetApp().getAgent();
-        if (agent && agent->get_filament_sync_mode() != FilamentSyncMode::none)
-            p->m_bpButton_ams_filament->Show();
-        else
-            p->m_bpButton_ams_filament->Hide();
+        update_ams_sync_button();
 
         // Orca: with "Support 3MF as gcode" (use_3mf) the local export is a .gcode.3mf bundle, so when no
         // printer host/IP is configured the default action is "Export plate sliced file" (mirrors the
@@ -5693,10 +5706,20 @@ std::map<int, DynamicPrintConfig> Sidebar::build_filament_ams_list(MachineObject
     }
 
     auto build_tray_config = [](DevAmsTray const &tray, std::string const &name, std::string ams_id, std::string slot_id) {
+        // Type-only agents (OrcaSonar/Qidi Box) report the material but not the
+        // slicer's preset id. Resolve it from the type so AMS sync can match a
+        // preset instead of skipping every tray as "unknown".
+        std::string filament_id = tray.setting_id;
+        if (filament_id.empty() && !tray.m_fila_type.empty() && tray.is_exists) {
+            // Strict lookup: an unmatched material leaves filament_id empty so
+            // the sync flow reports it as unknown instead of binding Generic PLA.
+            if (auto *bundle = wxGetApp().preset_bundle)
+                bundle->filaments.filament_id_by_type(tray.m_fila_type, filament_id);
+        }
         BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(info) << boost::format("build_filament_ams_list: name %1% setting_id %2% type %3% color %4%")
-                    % name % tray.setting_id % tray.m_fila_type % tray.color;
+                    % name % filament_id % tray.m_fila_type % tray.color;
         DynamicPrintConfig tray_config;
-        tray_config.set_key_value("filament_id", new ConfigOptionStrings{tray.setting_id});
+        tray_config.set_key_value("filament_id", new ConfigOptionStrings{filament_id});
         tray_config.set_key_value("tag_uid", new ConfigOptionStrings{tray.tag_uid});
         tray_config.set_key_value("ams_id", new ConfigOptionStrings{ams_id});
         tray_config.set_key_value("slot_id", new ConfigOptionStrings{slot_id});
@@ -5709,7 +5732,7 @@ std::map<int, DynamicPrintConfig> Sidebar::build_filament_ams_list(MachineObject
         tray_config.set_key_value("filament_slot_placeholder", new ConfigOptionBools{tray.is_slot_placeholder});
         std::optional<FilamentBaseInfo> info;
         if (wxGetApp().preset_bundle) {
-            info = wxGetApp().preset_bundle->get_filament_by_filament_id(tray.setting_id);
+            info = wxGetApp().preset_bundle->get_filament_by_filament_id(filament_id);
         }
         tray_config.set_key_value("filament_is_support", new ConfigOptionBools{ info.has_value() ? info->is_support : false});
         for (int i = 0; i < tray.cols.size(); ++i) {
@@ -5903,7 +5926,7 @@ void Sidebar::sync_ams_list(bool is_from_big_sync_btn)
     auto & list = wxGetApp().preset_bundle->filament_ams_list;
     if (list.empty()) {
         auto printer_name = p->plater->get_selected_printer_name_in_combox();
-        p->plater->pop_warning_and_go_to_device_page(printer_name, Plater::PrinterWarningType::NOT_CONNECTED, _L("Sync printer information"));
+        p->plater->pop_warning_and_go_to_device_page(printer_name, Plater::PrinterWarningType::AMS_UNAVAILABLE, _L("Sync printer information"));
         return;
     }
     bool exist_at_list_one_filament =false;
@@ -21143,6 +21166,8 @@ void Plater::pop_warning_and_go_to_device_page(wxString printer_name, PrinterWar
         content = _L("There are no filaments on the printer. Please load the filaments on the printer first.");
     } else if (type == PrinterWarningType::EMPTY_FILAMENT) {
         content = _L("The filaments on the printer are all unknown types. Please go to the printer screen or software device page to set the filament type.");
+    } else if (type == PrinterWarningType::AMS_UNAVAILABLE) {
+        content = _L("No AMS filament data is available for this printer. Make sure the printer's material system is detected and connected, then try again.");
     }
     MessageDialog dlg(this, content, title, wxOK | wxFORWARD | wxICON_WARNING, _L("Device Page"));
     auto          result = dlg.ShowModal();
@@ -22455,10 +22480,14 @@ void Plater::update_machine_sync_status()
     DeviceManager *dev_maneger = wxGetApp().getDeviceManager();
     if (!dev_maneger) {
         GUI::wxGetApp().sidebar().update_sync_status(nullptr);
+        GUI::wxGetApp().sidebar().update_ams_sync_button();
         return;
     }
     MachineObject *obj = wxGetApp().getDeviceManager()->get_selected_machine();
     GUI::wxGetApp().sidebar().update_sync_status(obj);
+    // The agent's sync mode flips once the printer's get_capabilities reply
+    // arrives; re-evaluate the filament-sync button on every device update.
+    GUI::wxGetApp().sidebar().update_ams_sync_button();
 }
 
 bool Plater::get_machine_sync_status()

src/slic3r/GUI/Plater.hpp

@@ -169,6 +169,8 @@ public:
     void init_filament_combo(PlaterPresetComboBox **combo, const int filament_idx);
     void remove_unused_filament_combos(const size_t current_extruder_count);
     void update_all_preset_comboboxes();
+    // Show/hide the AMS filament-sync button from the active agent's sync mode.
+    void update_ams_sync_button();
     //void update_partplate(PartPlateList& list);
     void update_presets(Slic3r::Preset::Type preset_type);
     //BBS
@@ -646,7 +648,8 @@ public:
         NOT_CONNECTED,
         INCONSISTENT,
         UNINSTALL_FILAMENT,
-        EMPTY_FILAMENT
+        EMPTY_FILAMENT,
+        AMS_UNAVAILABLE
     };
     void pop_warning_and_go_to_device_page(wxString printer_name, PrinterWarningType type, const wxString &title);
     bool check_printer_initialized(MachineObject *obj, bool only_warning = false,bool popup_warning = true);

src/slic3r/GUI/StatusPanel.cpp

@@ -4350,12 +4350,12 @@ void StatusPanel::on_ams_load_curr()
                 vt_slot_idx = 1;
             }
 
+            if (vt_slot_idx < 0 || vt_slot_idx >= (int)obj->vt_slot.size()) return;
+
             int old_temp = -1;
             int new_temp = -1;
             DevAmsTray* curr_tray = &obj->vt_slot[vt_slot_idx];
 
-            if (!curr_tray) return;
-
             try {
                 if (!curr_tray->nozzle_temp_max.empty() && !curr_tray->nozzle_temp_min.empty())
                     old_temp = (atoi(curr_tray->nozzle_temp_min.c_str()) + atoi(curr_tray->nozzle_temp_max.c_str())) / 2;
@@ -4373,7 +4373,8 @@ void StatusPanel::on_ams_load_curr()
                     }
                 } catch (...) {}
             } else {
-                obj->command_ams_change_filament(true, "254", "0", old_temp, new_temp, extruder_id);
+                const std::string external_ams_id = obj->is_orca_agent() ? curr_ams_id : "254";
+                obj->command_ams_change_filament(true, external_ams_id, "0", old_temp, new_temp, extruder_id);
             }
         }
 
@@ -4592,7 +4593,7 @@ void StatusPanel::on_filament_edit(wxCommandEvent &event)
                 m_filament_setting_dlg->set_ctype(tray->ctype);
                 m_filament_setting_dlg->ams_filament_id = tray->setting_id;
 
-                if (m_filament_setting_dlg->ams_filament_id.empty())
+                if (tray->is_empty)
                 {
                     m_filament_setting_dlg->set_empty_color(color);
                 }
@@ -4602,15 +4603,25 @@ void StatusPanel::on_filament_edit(wxCommandEvent &event)
                     m_filament_setting_dlg->set_colors(cols);
                 }
 
-                m_filament_setting_dlg->m_is_third = !DevFilaSystem::IsBBL_Filament(tray->tag_uid);
+                // A non-zero tag_uid is an RFID lock only on Bambu's own agent.
+                // Agent-managed printers (Orca/Qidi/Snapmaker) send it as
+                // metadata, and the spec says it must never be interpreted — so
+                // the tag alone must not make their trays read-only.
+                m_filament_setting_dlg->m_is_third = !obj->is_bbl_agent() || !DevFilaSystem::IsBBL_Filament(tray->tag_uid);
+                temp_max = tray->nozzle_temp_max;
+                temp_min = tray->nozzle_temp_min;
                 if (!m_filament_setting_dlg->m_is_third)
                 {
                     sn_number = tray->uuid;
                     filament = tray->sub_brands;
-                    temp_max = tray->nozzle_temp_max;
-                    temp_min = tray->nozzle_temp_min;
                 }
             }
+            else
+            {
+                // No tray state for this slot: never show the previous slot's.
+                m_filament_setting_dlg->set_empty_color(AMS_MATERIALS_SETTING_DEF_COLOUR);
+                m_filament_setting_dlg->ams_filament_id = "";
+            }
 
             m_filament_setting_dlg->Move(wxPoint(current_position_x, current_position_y));
             m_filament_setting_dlg->Popup(filament, sn_number, temp_min, temp_max, k_val, n_val);
@@ -4642,6 +4653,8 @@ void StatusPanel::on_ext_spool_edit(wxCommandEvent &event)
         m_filament_setting_dlg->slot_id  = slot_id;
         int nozzle_index = ams_id == VIRTUAL_TRAY_MAIN_ID ? 0 : 1;
 
+        if (nozzle_index < 0 || nozzle_index >= (int)obj->vt_slot.size()) return;
+
         try {
             std::string sn_number;
             std::string filament;
@@ -4660,7 +4673,7 @@ void StatusPanel::on_ext_spool_edit(wxCommandEvent &event)
             }
             m_filament_setting_dlg->set_ctype(obj->vt_slot[nozzle_index].ctype);
 
-            if (m_filament_setting_dlg->ams_filament_id.empty()) {
+            if (obj->vt_slot[nozzle_index].is_empty) {
                 m_filament_setting_dlg->set_empty_color(color);
             }
             else {
@@ -4668,12 +4681,12 @@ void StatusPanel::on_ext_spool_edit(wxCommandEvent &event)
                 m_filament_setting_dlg->set_colors(cols);
             }
 
-            m_filament_setting_dlg->m_is_third = !DevFilaSystem::IsBBL_Filament(obj->vt_slot[nozzle_index].tag_uid);
+            m_filament_setting_dlg->m_is_third = !obj->is_bbl_agent() || !DevFilaSystem::IsBBL_Filament(obj->vt_slot[nozzle_index].tag_uid);
+            temp_max = obj->vt_slot[nozzle_index].nozzle_temp_max;
+            temp_min = obj->vt_slot[nozzle_index].nozzle_temp_min;
             if (!m_filament_setting_dlg->m_is_third) {
                 sn_number = obj->vt_slot[nozzle_index].uuid;
                 filament  = obj->vt_slot[nozzle_index].sub_brands;
-                temp_max  = obj->vt_slot[nozzle_index].nozzle_temp_max;
-                temp_min  = obj->vt_slot[nozzle_index].nozzle_temp_min;
             }
 
             m_filament_setting_dlg->Move(wxPoint(current_position_x,current_position_y));

src/slic3r/GUI/Widgets/AMSItem.cpp

@@ -72,6 +72,7 @@ bool AMSinfo::parse_ams_info(MachineObject *obj, DevAms *ams, bool remain_flag,
         Caninfo info;
         // tray is exists
         if (it != ams->GetTrays().end() && it->second->is_exists) {
+            info.is_empty = it->second->is_empty;
             if (it->second->is_tray_info_ready()) {
                 info.can_id        = it->second->id;
                 info.ctype         = it->second->ctype;
@@ -139,6 +140,7 @@ void AMSinfo::parse_ext_info(MachineObject* obj, DevAmsTray tray) {
     this->ams_type = AMSModel::EXT_AMS;
     Caninfo info;
     info.can_id = std::to_string(0);
+    info.is_empty = tray.is_empty;
     this->cans.clear();
 
     if (tray.id == std::to_string(VIRTUAL_TRAY_MAIN_ID))
@@ -1101,9 +1103,9 @@ void AMSLib::render_lite_text(wxDC& dc)
     dc.SetTextForeground(temp_text_colour);
 
     auto libsize = GetSize();
-    if (m_info.material_state == AMSCanType::AMS_CAN_TYPE_THIRDBRAND
+    if (!m_info.is_empty && (m_info.material_state == AMSCanType::AMS_CAN_TYPE_THIRDBRAND
         || m_info.material_state == AMSCanType::AMS_CAN_TYPE_BRAND
-        || m_info.material_state == AMSCanType::AMS_CAN_TYPE_VIRTUAL) {
+        || m_info.material_state == AMSCanType::AMS_CAN_TYPE_VIRTUAL)) {
 
         if (m_info.material_name.empty()) {
             auto tsize = dc.GetMultiLineTextExtent("?");
@@ -1151,7 +1153,7 @@ void AMSLib::render_lite_text(wxDC& dc)
         }
     }
 
-    if (m_info.material_state == AMSCanType::AMS_CAN_TYPE_EMPTY) {
+    if (m_info.material_state == AMSCanType::AMS_CAN_TYPE_EMPTY || m_info.is_empty) {
         auto tsize = dc.GetMultiLineTextExtent(_L("/"));
         auto pot = wxPoint((libsize.x - tsize.x) / 2 + FromDIP(2), (libsize.y - tsize.y) / 2 + FromDIP(3));
         dc.DrawText(_L("/"), pot);
@@ -1202,9 +1204,9 @@ void AMSLib::render_generic_text(wxDC &dc)
     }
 
     auto libsize = GetSize();
-    if (m_info.material_state == AMSCanType::AMS_CAN_TYPE_THIRDBRAND
+    if (!m_info.is_empty && (m_info.material_state == AMSCanType::AMS_CAN_TYPE_THIRDBRAND
         || m_info.material_state == AMSCanType::AMS_CAN_TYPE_BRAND
-        || m_info.material_state == AMSCanType::AMS_CAN_TYPE_VIRTUAL) {
+        || m_info.material_state == AMSCanType::AMS_CAN_TYPE_VIRTUAL)) {
 
         if (m_info.material_name.empty() /*&&  m_info.material_state != AMSCanType::AMS_CAN_TYPE_VIRTUAL*/) {
             auto tsize = dc.GetMultiLineTextExtent("?");
@@ -1284,7 +1286,7 @@ void AMSLib::render_generic_text(wxDC &dc)
         }
     }
 
-    if (m_info.material_state == AMSCanType::AMS_CAN_TYPE_EMPTY) {
+    if (m_info.material_state == AMSCanType::AMS_CAN_TYPE_EMPTY || m_info.is_empty) {
         auto tsize = dc.GetMultiLineTextExtent(_L("Empty"));
         auto pot = wxPoint((libsize.x - tsize.x) / 2, (libsize.y - tsize.y) / 2 + FromDIP(3));
         dc.DrawText(_L("Empty"), pot);
@@ -2781,7 +2783,7 @@ void AMSPreview::doRender(wxDC &dc)
                 }
                 else {
                     wxRect rect(left, (size.y - AMS_ITEM_CUBE_SIZE.y) / 2, AMS_ITEM_CUBE_SIZE.x, AMS_ITEM_CUBE_SIZE.y);
-                    if (iter->material_state == AMSCanType::AMS_CAN_TYPE_EMPTY) {
+                    if (iter->material_state == AMSCanType::AMS_CAN_TYPE_EMPTY || iter->is_empty) {
                         dc.SetPen(wxPen(wxColor(0, 0, 0)));
                         dc.DrawLine(rect.GetRight() - FromDIP(1), rect.GetTop() + FromDIP(1), rect.GetLeft() + FromDIP(1), rect.GetBottom() - FromDIP(1));
                     }

src/slic3r/GUI/Widgets/AMSItem.hpp

@@ -183,6 +183,7 @@ struct Caninfo
     wxString        material_name;
     wxColour        material_colour = {*wxWHITE};
     AMSCanType      material_state;
+    bool            is_empty = false;
     int             ctype=0;
     int             material_remain = 100;
     int             cali_idx = -1;
@@ -198,6 +199,7 @@ public:
             material_name == other.material_name &&
             material_colour == other.material_colour &&
             material_state == other.material_state &&
+            is_empty == other.is_empty &&
             ctype == other.ctype &&
             material_remain == other.material_remain &&
             cali_idx == other.cali_idx &&

src/slic3r/Utils/AmsPayload.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,620 @@
+#include "AmsPayload.hpp"
+
+#include "Http.hpp"
+#include "libslic3r/Preset.hpp"
+#include "libslic3r/PresetBundle.hpp"
+#include "slic3r/GUI/GUI_App.hpp"
+#include "slic3r/GUI/DeviceManager.hpp"
+#include "slic3r/GUI/DeviceCore/DevFilaSystem.h"
+#include "slic3r/GUI/DeviceCore/DevManager.h"
+#include "slic3r/GUI/DeviceCore/DevStorage.h"
+#include "slic3r/GUI/DeviceCore/DevFirmware.h"
+
+#include <boost/algorithm/string.hpp>
+#include <boost/log/trivial.hpp>
+#include <wx/thread.h>
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <cctype>
+#include <chrono>
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <map>
+#include <mutex>
+#include <sstream>
+#include <utility>
+
+namespace Slic3r {
+
+std::string map_filament_type_to_generic_id(const std::string& filament_type)
+{
+    std::string upper = filament_type;
+    boost::trim(upper);
+    std::transform(upper.begin(), upper.end(), upper.begin(),
+                   [](unsigned char c) { return static_cast<char>(std::toupper(c)); });
+
+    // Normalize reported material names to an OrcaFilamentLibrary generic family. The
+    // family's filament_id is resolved from the loaded system presets below rather than
+    // hardcoded, so profile id re-mints never require touching this table.
+    // scripts/test_moonraker_lane_data.py parses this initializer; keep the {"A", "B"} format.
+    static const std::map<std::string, std::string> type_to_ofl_family = {
+        // PLA variants
+        {"PLA", "PLA"},
+        {"PLA-CF", "PLA-CF"},
+        {"PLA SILK", "PLA Silk"},
+        {"PLA-SILK", "PLA Silk"},
+        {"PLA HIGH SPEED", "PLA High Speed"},
+        {"PLA-HS", "PLA High Speed"},
+        {"PLA HS", "PLA High Speed"},
+
+        // ABS/ASA variants
+        {"ABS", "ABS"},
+        {"ASA", "ASA"},
+
+        // PETG/PET variants
+        {"PETG", "PETG"},
+        {"PET", "PETG"},
+        {"PCTG", "PCTG"},
+
+        // PA/Nylon variants
+        {"PA", "PA"},
+        {"NYLON", "PA"},
+        {"PA-CF", "PA-CF"},
+        {"PPA", "PPA-CF"},
+        {"PPA-CF", "PPA-CF"},
+        {"PPA-GF", "PPA-GF"},
+
+        // PC variants
+        {"PC", "PC"},
+
+        // PP/PE variants
+        {"PE", "PE"},
+        {"PP", "PP"},
+
+        // Support materials
+        {"PVA", "PVA"},
+        {"HIPS", "HIPS"},
+        {"BVOH", "BVOH"},
+
+        // TPU variants
+        {"TPU", "TPU"},
+
+        // Other materials
+        {"EVA", "EVA"},
+        {"PHA", "PHA"},
+        {"COPE", "CoPE"},
+        {"SBS", "SBS"},
+    };
+
+    auto it = type_to_ofl_family.find(upper);
+    if (it == type_to_ofl_family.end())
+        return UNKNOWN_FILAMENT_ID;
+
+    auto* bundle = wxTheApp != nullptr ? GUI::wxGetApp().preset_bundle : nullptr;
+    if (bundle) {
+        const Preset* preset = bundle->filaments.find_preset("Generic " + it->second + " @System");
+        if (preset != nullptr && preset->is_system && !preset->filament_id.empty())
+            return preset->filament_id;
+    }
+
+    // Unknown material, or no loaded preset data to resolve against
+    return UNKNOWN_FILAMENT_ID;
+}
+
+std::string normalize_ams_color(const std::string& color)
+{
+    std::string value = color;
+    boost::trim(value);
+
+    // Remove 0x or 0X prefix if present
+    if (value.size() >= 2 && (value.rfind("0x", 0) == 0 || value.rfind("0X", 0) == 0)) {
+        value = value.substr(2);
+    }
+    // Remove # prefix if present
+    if (!value.empty() && value[0] == '#') {
+        value = value.substr(1);
+    }
+
+    // Extract only hex digits
+    std::string normalized;
+    for (char c : value) {
+        if (std::isxdigit(static_cast<unsigned char>(c))) {
+            normalized.push_back(static_cast<char>(std::toupper(static_cast<unsigned char>(c))));
+        }
+    }
+
+    // If 6 hex digits, add FF alpha
+    if (normalized.size() == 6) {
+        normalized += "FF";
+    }
+
+    // Validate length - return default if invalid
+    if (normalized.size() != 8) {
+        return "00000000";
+    }
+
+    return normalized;
+}
+
+bool parse_moonraker_lane_data(const nlohmann::json& body,
+                               std::vector<AmsTrayData>& trays,
+                               int& max_lane_index)
+{
+    // Expected structure: { "result": { "namespace": "lane_data", "value": { "lane1": {...}, ... } } }
+    if (!body.is_object() || !body.contains("result") || !body["result"].is_object() ||
+        !body["result"].contains("value") || !body["result"]["value"].is_object()) {
+        BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(warning) << "AmsPayload: unexpected lane_data response structure";
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    const auto& value = body["result"]["value"];
+    trays.clear();
+    max_lane_index = 0;
+
+    for (const auto& lane_item : value.items()) {
+        const auto& lane_obj = lane_item.value();
+        if (!lane_obj.is_object()) {
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        // Extract lane index from the "lane" field (tool number, 0-based)
+        int lane_index = -1;
+        const auto lane_it = lane_obj.find("lane");
+        if (lane_it != lane_obj.end() && lane_it->is_string()) {
+            try {
+                lane_index = std::stoi(lane_it->get<std::string>());
+            } catch (...) {
+                lane_index = -1;
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (lane_index < 0) {
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        AmsTrayData tray;
+        tray.slot_index = lane_index;
+        if (const auto it = lane_obj.find("color"); it != lane_obj.end() && it->is_string())
+            tray.tray_color = it->get<std::string>();
+        if (const auto it = lane_obj.find("material"); it != lane_obj.end() && it->is_string())
+            tray.tray_type = it->get<std::string>();
+        if (const auto it = lane_obj.find("bed_temp"); it != lane_obj.end() && it->is_number())
+            tray.bed_temp = it->get<int>();
+        if (const auto it = lane_obj.find("nozzle_temp"); it != lane_obj.end() && it->is_number())
+            tray.nozzle_temp = it->get<int>();
+
+        // Presence is independent of declared material: a physically loaded lane
+        // with no user-declared material must not read as empty. Prefer an
+        // explicit signal, fall back to the legacy "has a material type" rule.
+        const auto has_it = lane_obj.find("has_filament");
+        const auto loaded_it = lane_obj.find("loaded");
+        if (has_it != lane_obj.end() && has_it->is_boolean())
+            tray.has_filament = has_it->get<bool>();
+        else if (loaded_it != lane_obj.end() && loaded_it->is_boolean())
+            tray.has_filament = loaded_it->get<bool>();
+        else
+            tray.has_filament = !tray.tray_type.empty();
+
+        max_lane_index = std::max(max_lane_index, lane_index);
+        trays.push_back(tray);
+    }
+
+    if (trays.empty()) {
+        BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(info) << "AmsPayload: no lanes found";
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+LaneDataFetch read_moonraker_lane_data(const std::string& origin,
+                                       const std::string& api_key,
+                                       std::vector<AmsTrayData>& trays,
+                                       int& max_lane_index)
+{
+    trays.clear();
+    max_lane_index = 0;
+    std::string base = origin;
+    while (!base.empty() && base.back() == '/')
+        base.pop_back();
+    if (base.empty())
+        return LaneDataFetch::unknown;
+
+    unsigned    http_status = 0;
+    std::string response_body;
+    std::string http_error;
+    auto http = Http::get(base + "/server/database/item?namespace=lane_data");
+    if (!api_key.empty())
+        http.header("X-Api-Key", api_key);
+    http.timeout_connect(5)
+        .timeout_max(10)
+        .on_complete([&](std::string body, unsigned status) {
+            http_status = status;
+            if (status == 200)
+                response_body = std::move(body);
+            else
+                http_error = "HTTP error: " + std::to_string(status);
+        })
+        .on_error([&](std::string, std::string err, unsigned status) {
+            // Http routes every >=400 response through here, so a 404 arrives as
+            // a real HTTP status, not a transport failure (REQ-STS-007 §7.7).
+            http_status = status;
+            http_error  = err;
+            if (status > 0)
+                http_error += " (HTTP " + std::to_string(status) + ")";
+        })
+        .perform_sync();
+
+    if (http_status == 404) {
+        BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(info) << "AmsPayload: lane_data not served yet (unknown topology)";
+        return LaneDataFetch::unknown;
+    }
+    if (http_status != 200) {
+        BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(info) << "AmsPayload: lane_data fetch failed: " << http_error;
+        return LaneDataFetch::error;
+    }
+
+    auto json = nlohmann::json::parse(response_body, nullptr, false, true);
+    if (json.is_discarded()) {
+        BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(warning) << "AmsPayload: invalid lane_data JSON";
+        return LaneDataFetch::error;
+    }
+    const bool empty_value = json.is_object() && json.contains("result") && json["result"].is_object() &&
+                             json["result"].contains("value") && json["result"]["value"].is_object() &&
+                             json["result"]["value"].empty();
+    if (empty_value)
+        return LaneDataFetch::none;
+
+    if (!parse_moonraker_lane_data(json, trays, max_lane_index))
+        return LaneDataFetch::error;
+    return LaneDataFetch::synced;
+}
+
+void resolve_tray_info_idx(std::vector<AmsTrayData>& trays)
+{
+    auto* bundle = wxTheApp != nullptr ? GUI::wxGetApp().preset_bundle : nullptr;
+    for (auto& tray : trays) {
+        // Absent lanes render as placeholders; resolving an empty type is busy
+        // work at best and could bind a bogus id.
+        if (!tray.has_filament)
+            continue;
+        // A vendor-aware resolver may already have matched this lane; only fill
+        // what is still empty so the generic fallback cannot overwrite it.
+        if (!tray.tray_info_idx.empty())
+            continue;
+        if (bundle) {
+            std::string filament_id;
+            if (bundle->filaments.filament_id_by_type(tray.tray_type, filament_id))
+                tray.tray_info_idx = std::move(filament_id);
+        } else {
+            const std::string filament_id = map_filament_type_to_generic_id(tray.tray_type);
+            if (filament_id != UNKNOWN_FILAMENT_ID)
+                tray.tray_info_idx = filament_id;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+nlohmann::json build_bbl_ams_json(const std::vector<AmsTrayData>& trays,
+                                  int ams_count,
+                                  int max_lane_index)
+{
+    nlohmann::json ams_array = nlohmann::json::array();
+
+    // ams_exist_bits marks the units; tray_exist_bits marks the occupied
+    // slots. uint64_t: unsigned long is 32-bit on MSVC, so 1UL << 32+ is UB.
+    // BBL's fields are 64-bit; a lane past 63 cannot be represented at all.
+    uint64_t ams_exist_bits = 0;
+    uint64_t tray_exist_bits = 0;
+
+    auto set_exist_bit = [](uint64_t& bits, int index) {
+        if (index < 0)
+            return;
+        if (index >= 64) {
+            BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(warning) << "AmsPayload: lane index " << index << " exceeds the 64-bit exist-bits field; bit dropped";
+            return;
+        }
+        bits |= (uint64_t{1} << index);
+    };
+
+    for (int ams_id = 0; ams_id < ams_count; ++ams_id) {
+        set_exist_bit(ams_exist_bits, ams_id);
+
+        nlohmann::json ams_unit = nlohmann::json::object();
+        ams_unit["id"] = std::to_string(ams_id);
+        ams_unit["info"] = "0002";  // treat as AMS_LITE
+
+        nlohmann::json tray_array = nlohmann::json::array();
+        int max_slot_in_this_ams = std::min(3, max_lane_index - ams_id * 4);
+        for (int slot_id = 0; slot_id <= max_slot_in_this_ams; ++slot_id) {
+            int slot_index = ams_id * 4 + slot_id;
+
+            // Find tray with matching slot_index
+            const AmsTrayData* tray = nullptr;
+            for (const auto& t : trays) {
+                if (t.slot_index == slot_index) {
+                    tray = &t;
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+
+            nlohmann::json tray_json = nlohmann::json::object();
+            tray_json["id"] = std::to_string(slot_id);
+            tray_json["tag_uid"] = "0000000000000000";
+
+            if (tray && tray->has_filament) {
+                set_exist_bit(tray_exist_bits, slot_index);
+
+                // Present lanes never carry tray_slot_placeholder: a loaded but
+                // undeclared lane stays occupied with an empty type, which is
+                // what distinguishes it from an absent slot.
+                tray_json["tray_info_idx"] = tray->tray_info_idx;
+                tray_json["tray_type"] = tray->tray_type;
+                tray_json["tray_color"] = normalize_ams_color(tray->tray_color);
+
+                // Add temperature data if provided
+                if (tray->bed_temp > 0) {
+                    tray_json["bed_temp"] = std::to_string(tray->bed_temp);
+                }
+                if (tray->nozzle_temp > 0) {
+                    tray_json["nozzle_temp_max"] = std::to_string(tray->nozzle_temp);
+                }
+            } else {
+                tray_json["tray_info_idx"] = "";
+                tray_json["tray_type"] = "";
+                tray_json["tray_color"] = "00000000";
+                tray_json["tray_slot_placeholder"] = "1";
+            }
+
+            tray_array.push_back(tray_json);
+        }
+        ams_unit["tray"] = tray_array;
+        ams_array.push_back(ams_unit);
+    }
+
+    // Format as hex strings (matching BBL protocol)
+    std::ostringstream ams_exist_ss;
+    ams_exist_ss << std::hex << std::uppercase << ams_exist_bits;
+    std::ostringstream tray_exist_ss;
+    tray_exist_ss << std::hex << std::uppercase << tray_exist_bits;
+
+    nlohmann::json ams_json = nlohmann::json::object();
+    ams_json["ams"] = ams_array;
+    ams_json["ams_exist_bits"] = ams_exist_ss.str();
+    ams_json["tray_exist_bits"] = tray_exist_ss.str();
+    return ams_json;
+}
+
+// --- Removal/absence state and op capability ---------------------------------
+
+static std::mutex                         g_ams_state_mutex;
+
+// One device's declaration from its get_capabilities reply. ops_known separates
+// "no reply yet" (never gate) from "answered without ops" (gate every write).
+struct AmsDeviceCaps
+{
+    std::vector<std::string> ops;
+    bool                     ops_known      = false;
+    bool                     has_ams        = false;
+    bool                     filament_slots = false;
+    FilamentMetadataValues   metadata;
+};
+static std::map<std::string, AmsDeviceCaps> g_ams_caps;
+
+void register_ams_ops(const std::string& dev_id, const std::vector<std::string>& ops)
+{
+    if (dev_id.empty())
+        return;
+    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(g_ams_state_mutex);
+    AmsDeviceCaps& caps = g_ams_caps[dev_id];
+    caps.ops            = ops;
+    caps.ops_known      = true;
+}
+
+bool ams_op_supported(const std::string& dev_id, const std::string& op)
+{
+    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(g_ams_state_mutex);
+    auto it = g_ams_caps.find(dev_id);
+    if (it == g_ams_caps.end() || !it->second.ops_known)
+        return true; // no capability reply yet: never gate
+    return std::find(it->second.ops.begin(), it->second.ops.end(), op) != it->second.ops.end();
+}
+
+void register_ams_capability(const std::string& dev_id, bool has_ams)
+{
+    if (dev_id.empty())
+        return;
+    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(g_ams_state_mutex);
+    g_ams_caps[dev_id].has_ams = has_ams;
+}
+
+bool has_ams_capability(const std::string& dev_id)
+{
+    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(g_ams_state_mutex);
+    auto it = g_ams_caps.find(dev_id);
+    return it != g_ams_caps.end() && it->second.has_ams;
+}
+
+bool ams_caps_known(const std::string& dev_id)
+{
+    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(g_ams_state_mutex);
+    auto it = g_ams_caps.find(dev_id);
+    return it != g_ams_caps.end() && it->second.ops_known;
+}
+
+void register_filament_slots(const std::string& dev_id, bool has_slots)
+{
+    if (dev_id.empty())
+        return;
+    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(g_ams_state_mutex);
+    g_ams_caps[dev_id].filament_slots = has_slots;
+}
+
+bool has_filament_slots(const std::string& dev_id)
+{
+    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(g_ams_state_mutex);
+    auto it = g_ams_caps.find(dev_id);
+    return it != g_ams_caps.end() && it->second.filament_slots;
+}
+
+void register_filament_metadata(const std::string& dev_id, const FilamentMetadataValues& values)
+{
+    if (dev_id.empty())
+        return;
+    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(g_ams_state_mutex);
+    g_ams_caps[dev_id].metadata = values;
+}
+
+FilamentMetadataValues filament_metadata_values(const std::string& dev_id)
+{
+    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(g_ams_state_mutex);
+    auto it = g_ams_caps.find(dev_id);
+    if (it == g_ams_caps.end())
+        return {};
+    return it->second.metadata;
+}
+
+static bool material_prefix(const std::string& value, const char* family)
+{
+    const std::string prefix(family);
+    if (value == prefix)
+        return true;
+    if (value.size() <= prefix.size() || value.compare(0, prefix.size(), prefix) != 0)
+        return false;
+    const char next = value[prefix.size()];
+    return next == ' ' || next == '+' || next == '-' || next == '/';
+}
+
+static bool qidi_pa_material(const std::string& value)
+{
+    return material_prefix(value, "PA") || material_prefix(value, "PA12") ||
+        material_prefix(value, "PAHT") || material_prefix(value, "ULTRAPA");
+}
+
+// Keep distinct material families separate; only known variants share a stem.
+std::string normalize_qidi_material_family(const std::string& value)
+{
+    const std::string upper = boost::algorithm::to_upper_copy(boost::algorithm::trim_copy(value));
+    if (material_prefix(upper, "PLA-CF")) return "PLA-CF";
+    if (material_prefix(upper, "PPA-CF")) return "PPA-CF";
+    if (material_prefix(upper, "PC-ABS")) return "PC";
+    if (material_prefix(upper, "PCTG")) return "PCTG";
+    if (material_prefix(upper, "PPA")) return "PPA";
+    if (material_prefix(upper, "PLA")) return "PLA";
+    if (material_prefix(upper, "ABS")) return "ABS";
+    if (material_prefix(upper, "PETG")) return "PETG";
+    if (material_prefix(upper, "TPU")) return "TPU";
+    if (material_prefix(upper, "ASA")) return "ASA";
+    if (qidi_pa_material(upper) || material_prefix(upper, "NYLON")) return "PA";
+    if (material_prefix(upper, "PC")) return "PC";
+    if (material_prefix(upper, "PVA")) return "PVA";
+    return upper;
+}
+
+bool filament_material_compatible(const std::string& dev_id, const std::string& preset_type)
+{
+    const FilamentMetadataValues values = filament_metadata_values(dev_id);
+    if (!values.constrained)
+        return true;
+    if (boost::algorithm::trim_copy(preset_type).empty())
+        return true; // a reply that never carried a type must not hide presets
+    std::vector<std::string> parts;
+    boost::algorithm::split(parts, preset_type, boost::algorithm::is_any_of(";"), boost::token_compress_on);
+    for (const std::string& part : parts) {
+        const std::string type = boost::algorithm::trim_copy(part);
+        if (type.empty())
+            continue;
+        const std::string category = normalize_qidi_material_family(type);
+        for (const std::string& declared : values.materials) {
+            if (boost::algorithm::iequals(boost::algorithm::trim_copy(declared), type))
+                return true;
+            if (normalize_qidi_material_family(declared) == category)
+                return true;
+        }
+    }
+    return false;
+}
+
+void clear_ams_caps(const std::string& dev_id)
+{
+    if (dev_id.empty())
+        return;
+    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(g_ams_state_mutex);
+    g_ams_caps.erase(dev_id);
+}
+
+void build_ams_payload_for_device(const std::string& dev_id,
+                                  const std::optional<std::string>& printer_type,
+                                  int ams_count,
+                                  int max_lane_index,
+                                  const std::vector<AmsTrayData>& trays,
+                                  const QueueOnMainFn& queue_fn,
+                                  const TrayInfoResolver& vendor_resolver)
+{
+    // A caller on the GUI thread must mutate DeviceManager inline: invoking
+    // queue_fn (CallAfter) would defer the work until after the caller has
+    // already read DevFilaSystem. Background callers route through queue_fn.
+    const bool on_main = wxIsMainThread();
+    auto apply = [dev_id, printer_type, ams_count, max_lane_index, trays, vendor_resolver]() {
+    // Look up MachineObject via DeviceManager
+    auto* dev_manager = GUI::wxGetApp().getDeviceManager();
+    if (!dev_manager) {
+        return;
+    }
+    MachineObject* obj = dev_manager->get_my_machine(dev_id);
+    if (!obj) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    // Resolve preset ids here: reads the GUI preset bundle, which is only safe
+    // on the main thread. trays is a copy, so mutating it is fine. The optional
+    // vendor resolver runs first; the generic resolver fills the rest.
+    std::vector<AmsTrayData> resolved = trays;
+    if (vendor_resolver)
+        vendor_resolver(resolved);
+    resolve_tray_info_idx(resolved);
+
+    // Wrap in the expected structure for ParseV1_0
+    nlohmann::json print_json = nlohmann::json::object();
+    print_json["ams"] = build_bbl_ams_json(resolved, ams_count, max_lane_index);
+
+    // Call the parser to populate DevFilaSystem
+    DevFilaSystemParser::ParseV1_0(print_json, obj, obj->GetFilaSystem().get(), false);
+    BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(info) << "AmsPayload: parsed " << resolved.size() << " trays";
+
+    // Set printer_type so update_sync_status() can match it against the preset's
+    // printer type. nullopt = leave it (the caller's push_status already carries
+    // it); a value = assign, including empty, preserving the old behavior.
+    if (printer_type.has_value()) {
+        obj->printer_type = *printer_type;
+    }
+
+    // Set push counters so is_info_ready() returns true for pull-mode agents.
+    if (obj->m_push_count == 0) {
+        obj->m_push_count = 1;
+    }
+    if (obj->m_full_msg_count == 0) {
+        obj->m_full_msg_count = 1;
+    }
+    obj->last_push_time = std::chrono::system_clock::now();
+
+    // Set storage state - Moonraker printers use virtual_sdcard, storage is always available.
+    // This is required for SelectMachineDialog to allow printing (otherwise it blocks with "No SD card").
+    obj->GetStorage()->set_sdcard_state(DevStorage::HAS_SDCARD_NORMAL);
+
+    // Populate module_vers so is_info_ready() passes the version check.
+    if (obj->module_vers.empty()) {
+        DevFirmwareVersionInfo ota_info;
+        ota_info.name = "ota";
+        ota_info.sw_ver = "1.0.0";  // Placeholder version
+        obj->module_vers.emplace("ota", ota_info);
+    }
+    };
+
+    if (queue_fn && !on_main) {
+        queue_fn(apply);
+    } else {
+        apply();
+    }
+}
+
+
+} // namespace Slic3r

src/slic3r/Utils/AmsPayload.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,142 @@
+#ifndef __AMS_PAYLOAD_HPP__
+#define __AMS_PAYLOAD_HPP__
+
+#include "bambu_networking.hpp"
+
+#include <functional>
+#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
+#include <optional>
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
+namespace Slic3r {
+
+// One lane of a multi-material system in the neutral shape every printer agent
+// shares before it is rendered into the BBL AMS payload.
+struct AmsTrayData {
+    int         slot_index = 0;      // 0-based global slot index
+    bool        has_filament = false;
+    std::string tray_type;           // Material type (e.g. "PLA", "ASA")
+    std::string tray_color;          // Raw color (#RRGGBB, 0xRRGGBB, or RRGGBBAA)
+    std::string tray_info_idx;       // OrcaFilamentLibrary preset id (optional)
+    int         bed_temp = 0;        // Optional
+    int         nozzle_temp = 0;     // Optional
+};
+
+// Normalize a driver color string to the BBL RRGGBBAA form; "00000000" when invalid.
+std::string normalize_ams_color(const std::string& color);
+
+// Map a reported material type to an OrcaFilamentLibrary generic family id.
+std::string map_filament_type_to_generic_id(const std::string& filament_type);
+
+// Parse a Moonraker `/server/database/item?namespace=lane_data` response body:
+// result.value is keyed by lane, each entry carrying "lane", optional
+// "material"/"color"/"bed_temp"/"nozzle_temp" and an optional presence signal
+// ("has_filament" or "loaded"). Presence is preferred over material: a loaded
+// lane with no declared material must not read as empty. Returns false when
+// malformed or empty. Pure: tray_info_idx is left for resolve_tray_info_idx().
+bool parse_moonraker_lane_data(const nlohmann::json& body,
+                               std::vector<AmsTrayData>& trays,
+                               int& max_lane_index);
+
+// Outcome of one lane_data read. synced/none/unknown mirror OrcaSonar's
+// REQ-STS-007 tri-state; error covers transport failure and unparsable bodies.
+enum class LaneDataFetch { synced, none, unknown, error };
+
+// Read and parse the Moonraker `lane_data` namespace from origin (OrcaSonar's
+// façade or a real Moonraker — both emit the same shape). A non-empty api_key is
+// sent as X-Api-Key. trays/max_lane_index are only populated on synced. The
+// tri-state is preserved: 404 is unknown, an empty value object is none.
+LaneDataFetch read_moonraker_lane_data(const std::string& origin,
+                                       const std::string& api_key,
+                                       std::vector<AmsTrayData>& trays,
+                                       int& max_lane_index);
+
+// AMS units a flat lane range renders into (4 lanes per unit, rounding up);
+// 0 when there are no lanes. max_lane_index is the highest index, or -1.
+inline int ams_count_for_lanes(int max_lane_index)
+{
+    return max_lane_index < 0 ? 0 : (max_lane_index + 4) / 4;
+}
+
+// Fill each tray's tray_info_idx from the loaded preset bundle (falling back to
+// the generic family map). Reads GUI preset state, so it MUST run on the main
+// thread. Ids already set by a vendor-aware resolver are left untouched.
+void resolve_tray_info_idx(std::vector<AmsTrayData>& trays);
+
+// Optional vendor-aware resolver, run on the main thread before the generic
+// resolver. Agents with brand/color matching (Snapmaker, Creality) supply one
+// so their results survive the shared path; the generic resolver only fills
+// ids this leaves empty.
+using TrayInfoResolver = std::function<void(std::vector<AmsTrayData>&)>;
+
+// Assemble the BBL-format AMS JSON (ams[] units + ams_exist_bits/tray_exist_bits)
+// that DevFilaSystemParser::ParseV1_0 consumes. Pure and GUI-free: the
+// MachineObject mutation stays in build_ams_payload_for_device.
+nlohmann::json build_bbl_ams_json(const std::vector<AmsTrayData>& trays,
+                                  int ams_count,
+                                  int max_lane_index);
+
+// Render trays into the BBL AMS payload and populate the device's DevFilaSystem.
+// The resolver and the MachineObject mutation both run on the main thread via
+// queue_fn when set. printer_type: nullopt leaves obj->printer_type untouched
+// (OrcaSonar, whose push_status already carries it); a value assigns it
+// verbatim (Moonraker).
+void build_ams_payload_for_device(const std::string& dev_id,
+                                  const std::optional<std::string>& printer_type,
+                                  int ams_count,
+                                  int max_lane_index,
+                                  const std::vector<AmsTrayData>& trays,
+                                  const QueueOnMainFn& queue_fn,
+                                  const TrayInfoResolver& vendor_resolver = {});
+
+// Process-wide AMS capabilities parsed from info.get_capabilities. Before a
+// reply, writes are permissive; afterward material operations require fms and
+// their ams_ops token, while filament_setting uses filament_slots alone.
+void   register_ams_ops(const std::string& dev_id, const std::vector<std::string>& ops);
+bool   ams_op_supported(const std::string& dev_id, const std::string& op);
+
+// Whether the device has a material system, from the get_capabilities reply's
+// protocol.features.fms (falling back to a non-empty ams_ops). No record reads
+// false: an unconfirmed printer must not advertise filament sync.
+void   register_ams_capability(const std::string& dev_id, bool has_ams);
+bool   has_ams_capability(const std::string& dev_id);
+
+// Whether a valid protocol capability reply has been registered. Also separates
+// the permissive pre-reply write behavior from an explicit no-FMS declaration.
+bool   ams_caps_known(const std::string& dev_id);
+
+// Whether the device exposes the filament-slot model, from the
+// get_capabilities reply's protocol.features.filament_slots. The slot model is
+// connector state, independent of fms: a printer with no material hardware
+// still has slots, so this alone enables filament sync (REQ-FMS-001).
+void   register_filament_slots(const std::string& dev_id, bool has_slots);
+bool   has_filament_slots(const std::string& dev_id);
+
+// The values a fixed-vocabulary printer can hold for filament metadata, from
+// protocol.filament_metadata.<driver>.values. Materials are the strings the
+// status projection reports and colors are RRGGBBAA. `constrained` is true only
+// when every writing driver declared values: one free-form driver keeps the
+// full picker available.
+struct FilamentMetadataValues
+{
+    bool                     constrained = false;
+    std::vector<std::string> materials;
+    std::vector<std::string> colors;
+};
+void                     register_filament_metadata(const std::string& dev_id, const FilamentMetadataValues& values);
+FilamentMetadataValues   filament_metadata_values(const std::string& dev_id);
+std::string              normalize_qidi_material_family(const std::string& material);
+// Whether a preset's filament type can be represented by the device's declared
+// materials: an exact type, or the material category the two names share. An
+// unconstrained or unanswered device accepts everything, and a type the reply
+// never carried is kept rather than hidden.
+bool   filament_material_compatible(const std::string& dev_id, const std::string& preset_type);
+
+// Forget a device's declared capabilities, so a reconnect starts from "no
+// reply yet" instead of a stale declaration.
+void   clear_ams_caps(const std::string& dev_id);
+
+} // namespace Slic3r
+
+#endif

src/slic3r/Utils/BBLPrinterAgent.cpp

@@ -150,11 +150,26 @@ void BBLPrinterAgent::set_cloud_agent(std::shared_ptr<ICloudServiceAgent> cloud)
 // Communication
 // ============================================================================
 
+std::string BBLPrinterAgent::ams_refresh_rfid_gcode(const std::string& slot_id)
+{
+    return (boost::format("M620 R%1% \n") % slot_id).str();
+}
+
+std::string BBLPrinterAgent::ams_calibrate_gcode(int ams_id)
+{
+    return (boost::format("M620 C%1% \n") % ams_id).str();
+}
+
+std::string BBLPrinterAgent::ams_select_tray_gcode(const std::string& tray_id)
+{
+    return (boost::format("M620 P%1% \n") % tray_id).str();
+}
+
 int BBLPrinterAgent::command_ams_refresh_rfid(std::string dev_id, int ams_id, int slot_id, int sequence_id, bool lan_mode)
 {
     nlohmann::json j;
     if (ams_id == -1) {
-        const std::string gcode   = (boost::format("M620 R%1% \n") % slot_id).str();
+        const std::string gcode   = ams_refresh_rfid_gcode(std::to_string(slot_id));
         j["print"]["command"]     = "gcode_line";
         j["print"]["param"]       = gcode;
         j["print"]["sequence_id"] = std::to_string(sequence_id);
@@ -170,7 +185,7 @@ int BBLPrinterAgent::command_ams_refresh_rfid(std::string dev_id, int ams_id, in
 
 int BBLPrinterAgent::command_ams_calibrate(std::string dev_id, int ams_id, int sequence_id, bool lan_mode)
 {
-    const std::string gcode = (boost::format("M620 C%1% \n") % ams_id).str();
+    const std::string gcode = ams_calibrate_gcode(ams_id);
     nlohmann::json j;
     j["print"]["command"] = "gcode_line";
     j["print"]["param"] = gcode;
@@ -180,7 +195,7 @@ int BBLPrinterAgent::command_ams_calibrate(std::string dev_id, int ams_id, int s
 
 int BBLPrinterAgent::command_ams_select_tray(std::string dev_id, std::string tray_id, int sequence_id, bool lan_mode)
 {
-    const std::string gcode = (boost::format("M620 P%1% \n") % tray_id).str();
+    const std::string gcode = ams_select_tray_gcode(tray_id);
     nlohmann::json j;
     j["print"]["command"] = "gcode_line";
     j["print"]["param"] = gcode;

src/slic3r/Utils/BBLPrinterAgent.hpp

@@ -32,6 +32,9 @@ public:
     int command_ams_refresh_rfid(std::string dev_id, int ams_id, int slot_id, int sequence_id, bool lan_mode) override;
     int command_ams_calibrate(std::string dev_id, int ams_id, int sequence_id, bool lan_mode) override;
     int command_ams_select_tray(std::string dev_id, std::string tray_id, int sequence_id, bool lan_mode) override;
+    static std::string ams_refresh_rfid_gcode(const std::string& slot_id);
+    static std::string ams_calibrate_gcode(int ams_id);
+    static std::string ams_select_tray_gcode(const std::string& tray_id);
     int command_axis_control(std::string dev_id, std::string axis, double unit, double input_val, int speed,
                               bool is_core_xy, bool supports_mqtt_axis_control, int sequence_id, bool lan_mode) override;
     std::string default_lan_username() const override { return "bblp"; }

src/slic3r/Utils/MoonrakerPrinterAgent.cpp

@@ -656,142 +656,27 @@ int MoonrakerPrinterAgent::set_queue_on_main_fn(QueueOnMainFn fn)
 
 void MoonrakerPrinterAgent::build_ams_payload(int ams_count, int max_lane_index, const std::vector<AmsTrayData>& trays)
 {
-    // This may be called from a background thread (e.g. run_status_stream's read loop,
-    // for subscription-mode agents) as well as from the GUI thread (Sidebar's pull-mode
-    // path). Everything below touches MachineObject/DevFilaSystem, which the GUI thread
-    // reads without locking — so the actual mutation must run on the main thread. Snapshot
-    // queue_on_main_fn and the two device_info fields we need up front, then defer the rest,
-    // mirroring dispatch_message's existing queue_fn ? queue_fn(x) : x() idiom.
+    // May run from the status-stream thread (subscription agents) or the GUI
+    // thread (Sidebar's pull path). Snapshot queue_on_main_fn here; the shared
+    // builder defers the preset lookup and MachineObject mutation to the main
+    // thread. A heavy-handed empty model_id must still be assigned, so the
+    // optional wrapper always carries the value here.
     QueueOnMainFn queue_fn;
     {
         std::lock_guard<std::recursive_mutex> lock(state_mutex);
         queue_fn = queue_on_main_fn;
     }
+    build_ams_payload_for_device(device_info.dev_id, std::optional<std::string>(device_info.model_id), ams_count, max_lane_index, trays, queue_fn);
+}
 
-    std::string dev_id   = device_info.dev_id;
-    std::string model_id = device_info.model_id;
-
-    auto apply = [dev_id, model_id, ams_count, max_lane_index, trays]() {
-    // Look up MachineObject via DeviceManager
-    auto* dev_manager = GUI::wxGetApp().getDeviceManager();
-    if (!dev_manager) {
-        return;
-    }
-    MachineObject* obj = dev_manager->get_my_machine(dev_id);
-    if (!obj) {
-        return;
-    }
-
-    // Build BBL-format JSON for DevFilaSystemParser::ParseV1_0
-    nlohmann::json ams_json = nlohmann::json::object();
-    nlohmann::json ams_array = nlohmann::json::array();
-
-    // Calculate ams_exist_bits and tray_exist_bits
-    unsigned long ams_exist_bits = 0;
-    unsigned long tray_exist_bits = 0;
-
-    for (int ams_id = 0; ams_id < ams_count; ++ams_id) {
-        ams_exist_bits |= (1 << ams_id);
-
-        nlohmann::json ams_unit = nlohmann::json::object();
-        ams_unit["id"] = std::to_string(ams_id);
-        ams_unit["info"] = "0002";  // treat as AMS_LITE 
-
-        nlohmann::json tray_array = nlohmann::json::array();
-        int max_slot_in_this_ams = std::min(3, max_lane_index - ams_id * 4);
-        for (int slot_id = 0; slot_id <= max_slot_in_this_ams; ++slot_id) {
-            int slot_index = ams_id * 4 + slot_id;
-
-            // Find tray with matching slot_index
-            const AmsTrayData* tray = nullptr;
-            for (const auto& t : trays) {
-                if (t.slot_index == slot_index) {
-                    tray = &t;
-                    break;
-                }
-            }
-
-            nlohmann::json tray_json = nlohmann::json::object();
-            tray_json["id"] = std::to_string(slot_id);
-            tray_json["tag_uid"] = "0000000000000000";
-
-            if (tray && tray->has_filament) {
-                tray_exist_bits |= (1 << slot_index);
-
-                tray_json["tray_info_idx"] = tray->tray_info_idx;
-                tray_json["tray_type"] = tray->tray_type;
-                tray_json["tray_color"] = normalize_color_value(tray->tray_color);
-
-                // Add temperature data if provided
-                if (tray->bed_temp > 0) {
-                    tray_json["bed_temp"] = std::to_string(tray->bed_temp);
-                }
-                if (tray->nozzle_temp > 0) {
-                    tray_json["nozzle_temp_max"] = std::to_string(tray->nozzle_temp);
-                }
-            } else {
-                tray_json["tray_info_idx"] = "";
-                tray_json["tray_type"] = "";
-                tray_json["tray_color"] = "00000000";
-                tray_json["tray_slot_placeholder"] = "1";
-            }
-
-            tray_array.push_back(tray_json);
-        }
-        ams_unit["tray"] = tray_array;
-        ams_array.push_back(ams_unit);
-    }
-
-    // Format as hex strings (matching BBL protocol)
-    std::ostringstream ams_exist_ss;
-    ams_exist_ss << std::hex << std::uppercase << ams_exist_bits;
-    std::ostringstream tray_exist_ss;
-    tray_exist_ss << std::hex << std::uppercase << tray_exist_bits;
-
-    ams_json["ams"] = ams_array;
-    ams_json["ams_exist_bits"] = ams_exist_ss.str();
-    ams_json["tray_exist_bits"] = tray_exist_ss.str();
-
-    // Wrap in the expected structure for ParseV1_0
-    nlohmann::json print_json = nlohmann::json::object();
-    print_json["ams"] = ams_json;
-
-    // Call the parser to populate DevFilaSystem
-    DevFilaSystemParser::ParseV1_0(print_json, obj, obj->GetFilaSystem().get(), false);
-    BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(info) << "MoonrakerPrinterAgent::build_ams_payload: Parsed " << trays.size() << " trays";
-
-    // Set printer_type so update_sync_status() can match it against the preset's printer type.
-    // Without this, the comparison fails and all sync badges are cleared.
-    obj->printer_type = model_id;
-
-    // Set push counters so is_info_ready() returns true for pull-mode agents.
-    if (obj->m_push_count == 0) {
-        obj->m_push_count = 1;
-    }
-    if (obj->m_full_msg_count == 0) {
-        obj->m_full_msg_count = 1;
-    }
-    obj->last_push_time = std::chrono::system_clock::now();
-
-    // Set storage state - Moonraker printers use virtual_sdcard, storage is always available.
-    // This is required for SelectMachineDialog to allow printing (otherwise it blocks with "No SD card").
-    obj->GetStorage()->set_sdcard_state(DevStorage::HAS_SDCARD_NORMAL);
-
-    // Populate module_vers so is_info_ready() passes the version check.
-    // Moonraker printers don't have BBL-style version info, but we need a non-empty map.
-    if (obj->module_vers.empty()) {
-        DevFirmwareVersionInfo ota_info;
-        ota_info.name = "ota";
-        ota_info.sw_ver = "1.0.0";  // Placeholder version for Moonraker printers
-        obj->module_vers.emplace("ota", ota_info);
-    }
-    };
-
-    if (queue_fn) {
-        queue_fn(apply);
-    } else {
-        apply();
+void MoonrakerPrinterAgent::build_ams_payload(int ams_count, int max_lane_index, const std::vector<AmsTrayData>& trays, const TrayInfoResolver& vendor_resolver)
+{
+    QueueOnMainFn queue_fn;
+    {
+        std::lock_guard<std::recursive_mutex> lock(state_mutex);
+        queue_fn = queue_on_main_fn;
     }
+    build_ams_payload_for_device(device_info.dev_id, std::optional<std::string>(device_info.model_id), ams_count, max_lane_index, trays, queue_fn, vendor_resolver);
 }
 
 bool MoonrakerPrinterAgent::fetch_filament_info(std::string dev_id, FilamentSyncMode sync_mode)
@@ -802,29 +687,20 @@ bool MoonrakerPrinterAgent::fetch_filament_info(std::string dev_id, FilamentSync
     std::vector<AmsTrayData> trays;
     int max_lane_index = 0;
 
-    // Try Moonraker filament data (more generic, supports any filament changer
-    // software that reports lane data to Moonraker like AFC and recent Happy
-    // Hare as of Feb 15, 2026)
-    if (fetch_moonraker_filament_data(trays, max_lane_index)) {
-        BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(info) << "MoonrakerPrinterAgent::fetch_filament_info: Detected Moonraker filament system with "
-                                << (max_lane_index + 1) << " lanes";
-        int ams_count = (max_lane_index + 4) / 4;
-        build_ams_payload(ams_count, max_lane_index, trays);
-        return true;
+    // Try Moonraker lane data first (generic; covers AFC and recent Happy Hare),
+    // then the Happy Hare object query.
+    const bool moonraker_lanes = fetch_moonraker_filament_data(trays, max_lane_index);
+    const bool happy_hare      = !moonraker_lanes && fetch_hh_filament_info(trays, max_lane_index);
+    if (!moonraker_lanes && !happy_hare) {
+        // No MMU detected - normal for printers without one, not an error.
+        BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(info) << "MoonrakerPrinterAgent::fetch_filament_info: No MMU system detected (neither HH nor Moonraker)";
+        return false;
     }
-
-    // Attempt Happy Hare first (more widely adopted, supports more filament changers)
-    if (fetch_hh_filament_info(trays, max_lane_index)) {
-        BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(info) << "MoonrakerPrinterAgent::fetch_filament_info: Detected Happy Hare MMU with "
-                                << (max_lane_index + 1) << " gates";
-        int ams_count = (max_lane_index + 4) / 4;
-        build_ams_payload(ams_count, max_lane_index, trays);
-        return true;
-    }
-
-    // No MMU detected - this is normal for printers without MMU, not an error
-    BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(info) << "MoonrakerPrinterAgent::fetch_filament_info: No MMU system detected (neither HH nor Moonraker)";
-    return false;
+    BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(info) << "MoonrakerPrinterAgent::fetch_filament_info: Detected "
+                            << (moonraker_lanes ? "Moonraker filament system" : "Happy Hare MMU") << " with "
+                            << (max_lane_index + 1) << (moonraker_lanes ? " lanes" : " gates");
+    build_ams_payload(ams_count_for_lanes(max_lane_index), max_lane_index, trays);
+    return true;
 }
 
 CameraStreamMode MoonrakerPrinterAgent::get_camera_stream_mode() const
@@ -887,94 +763,7 @@ std::string MoonrakerPrinterAgent::trim_and_upper(const std::string& input)
     return result;
 }
 
-std::string MoonrakerPrinterAgent::map_filament_type_to_generic_id(const std::string& filament_type)
-{
-    const std::string upper = trim_and_upper(filament_type);
-
-    // Normalize reported material names (trimmed, uppercased) to an OrcaFilamentLibrary
-    // generic family. The family's filament_id is resolved from the loaded system presets
-    // below rather than hardcoded, so profile id re-mints never require touching this table.
-    // scripts/test_moonraker_lane_data.py parses this initializer; keep the {"A", "B"} format.
-    static const std::map<std::string, std::string> type_to_ofl_family = {
-        // PLA variants
-        {"PLA", "PLA"},
-        {"PLA-CF", "PLA-CF"},
-        {"PLA SILK", "PLA Silk"},
-        {"PLA-SILK", "PLA Silk"},
-        {"PLA HIGH SPEED", "PLA High Speed"},
-        {"PLA-HS", "PLA High Speed"},
-        {"PLA HS", "PLA High Speed"},
-
-        // ABS/ASA variants
-        {"ABS", "ABS"},
-        {"ASA", "ASA"},
-
-        // PETG/PET variants
-        {"PETG", "PETG"},
-        {"PET", "PETG"},
-        {"PCTG", "PCTG"},
-
-        // PA/Nylon variants
-        {"PA", "PA"},
-        {"NYLON", "PA"},
-        {"PA-CF", "PA-CF"},
-        {"PPA", "PPA-CF"},
-        {"PPA-CF", "PPA-CF"},
-        {"PPA-GF", "PPA-GF"},
-
-        // PC variants
-        {"PC", "PC"},
-
-        // PP/PE variants
-        {"PE", "PE"},
-        {"PP", "PP"},
-
-        // Support materials
-        {"PVA", "PVA"},
-        {"HIPS", "HIPS"},
-        {"BVOH", "BVOH"},
-
-        // TPU variants
-        {"TPU", "TPU"},
-
-        // Other materials
-        {"EVA", "EVA"},
-        {"PHA", "PHA"},
-        {"COPE", "CoPE"},
-        {"SBS", "SBS"},
-    };
-
-    auto it = type_to_ofl_family.find(upper);
-    if (it == type_to_ofl_family.end())
-        return UNKNOWN_FILAMENT_ID;
-
-    if (auto* bundle = GUI::wxGetApp().preset_bundle) {
-        const Preset* preset = bundle->filaments.find_preset("Generic " + it->second + " @System");
-        if (preset != nullptr && preset->is_system && !preset->filament_id.empty())
-            return preset->filament_id;
-    }
-
-    // Unknown material, or no loaded preset data to resolve against
-    return UNKNOWN_FILAMENT_ID;
-}
-
 // JSON helper methods - null-safe accessors
-std::string MoonrakerPrinterAgent::safe_json_string(const nlohmann::json& obj, const char* key)
-{
-    auto it = obj.find(key);
-    if (it != obj.end() && it->is_string())
-        return it->get<std::string>();
-    return "";
-}
-
-int MoonrakerPrinterAgent::safe_json_int(const nlohmann::json& obj, const char* key)
-{
-    auto it = obj.find(key);
-    if (it != obj.end() && it->is_number())
-        return it->get<int>();
-    return 0;
-}
-
 std::string MoonrakerPrinterAgent::safe_array_string(const nlohmann::json& arr, int idx)
 {
     if (arr.is_array() && idx >= 0 && idx < static_cast<int>(arr.size()) && arr[idx].is_string())
@@ -989,137 +778,15 @@ int MoonrakerPrinterAgent::safe_array_int(const nlohmann::json& arr, int idx)
     return 0;
 }
 
-std::string MoonrakerPrinterAgent::normalize_color_value(const std::string& color)
-{
-    std::string value = color;
-    boost::trim(value);
-
-    // Remove 0x or 0X prefix if present
-    if (value.size() >= 2 && (value.rfind("0x", 0) == 0 || value.rfind("0X", 0) == 0)) {
-        value = value.substr(2);
-    }
-    // Remove # prefix if present
-    if (!value.empty() && value[0] == '#') {
-        value = value.substr(1);
-    }
-
-    // Extract only hex digits
-    std::string normalized;
-    for (char c : value) {
-        if (std::isxdigit(static_cast<unsigned char>(c))) {
-            normalized.push_back(static_cast<char>(std::toupper(static_cast<unsigned char>(c))));
-        }
-    }
-
-    // If 6 hex digits, add FF alpha
-    if (normalized.size() == 6) {
-        normalized += "FF";
-    }
-
-    // Validate length - return default if invalid
-    if (normalized.size() != 8) {
-        return "00000000";
-    }
-
-    return normalized;
-}
-
 // Fetch filament info from moonraker database
 bool MoonrakerPrinterAgent::fetch_moonraker_filament_data(std::vector<AmsTrayData>& trays, int& max_lane_index)
 {
-    // Fetch lane data from Moonraker database
-    std::string url = join_url(device_info.base_url, "/server/database/item?namespace=lane_data");
-
-    std::string response_body;
-    bool success = false;
-    std::string http_error;
-
-    auto http = Http::get(url);
-    if (!device_info.api_key.empty()) {
-        http.header("X-Api-Key", device_info.api_key);
-    }
-    http.timeout_connect(5)
-        .timeout_max(10)
-        .on_complete([&](std::string body, unsigned status) {
-            if (status == 200) {
-                response_body = body;
-                success = true;
-            } else {
-                http_error = "HTTP error: " + std::to_string(status);
-            }
-        })
-        .on_error([&](std::string body, std::string err, unsigned status) {
-            http_error = err;
-            if (status > 0) {
-                http_error += " (HTTP " + std::to_string(status) + ")";
-            }
-        })
-        .perform_sync();
-
-    if (!success) {
-        BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(warning) << "MoonrakerPrinterAgent::fetch_moonraker_filament_data: Failed to fetch lane data: " << http_error;
-        return false;
-    }
-
-    auto json = nlohmann::json::parse(response_body, nullptr, false, true);
-    if (json.is_discarded()) {
-        BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(warning) << "MoonrakerPrinterAgent::fetch_moonraker_filament_data: Invalid JSON response";
-        return false;
-    }
-
-    // Expected structure: { "result": { "namespace": "lane_data", "value": { "lane1": {...}, ... } } }
-    if (!json.contains("result") || !json["result"].contains("value") || !json["result"]["value"].is_object()) {
-        BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(warning) << "MoonrakerPrinterAgent::fetch_moonraker_filament_data: Unexpected JSON structure or no lane_data found";
-        return false;
-    }
-
-    // Parse response into AmsTrayData
-    const auto& value = json["result"]["value"];
-    trays.clear();
-    max_lane_index = 0;
-
-    for (const auto& [lane_key, lane_obj] : value.items()) {
-        if (!lane_obj.is_object()) {
-            continue;
-        }
-
-        // Extract lane index from the "lane" field (tool number, 0-based)
-        std::string lane_str = safe_json_string(lane_obj, "lane");
-        int lane_index = -1;
-        if (!lane_str.empty()) {
-            try {
-                lane_index = std::stoi(lane_str);
-            } catch (...) {
-                lane_index = -1;
-            }
-        }
-
-        if (lane_index < 0) {
-            continue;
-        }
-
-        AmsTrayData tray;
-        tray.slot_index = lane_index;
-        tray.tray_color = safe_json_string(lane_obj, "color");
-        tray.tray_type = safe_json_string(lane_obj, "material");
-        tray.bed_temp = safe_json_int(lane_obj, "bed_temp");
-        tray.nozzle_temp = safe_json_int(lane_obj, "nozzle_temp");
-        tray.has_filament = !tray.tray_type.empty();
-        auto* bundle = GUI::wxGetApp().preset_bundle;
-        tray.tray_info_idx = bundle
-            ? bundle->filaments.filament_id_by_type(tray.tray_type)
-            : map_filament_type_to_generic_id(tray.tray_type);
-
-        max_lane_index = std::max(max_lane_index, lane_index);
-        trays.push_back(tray);
-    }
-
-    if (trays.empty()) {
-        BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(info) << "MoonrakerPrinterAgent::fetch_moonraker_filament_data: No lanes found";
-        return false;
-    }
-
-    return true;
+    // Only the synced outcome matters here: a missing namespace, an empty one,
+    // a transport error and an unreadable body all fall through to the Happy
+    // Hare query. tray_info_idx is resolved later, on the main thread, inside
+    // build_ams_payload_for_device.
+    return read_moonraker_lane_data(device_info.base_url, device_info.api_key, trays, max_lane_index) ==
+           LaneDataFetch::synced;
 }
 
 // Fetch filament info from Happy Hare MMU
@@ -1233,11 +900,6 @@ bool MoonrakerPrinterAgent::fetch_hh_filament_info(std::vector<AmsTrayData>& tra
         tray.bed_temp = 0;  // HH doesn't provide bed temp in gate arrays
         tray.has_filament = true;
 
-        auto* bundle = GUI::wxGetApp().preset_bundle;
-        tray.tray_info_idx = bundle
-            ? bundle->filaments.filament_id_by_type(tray.tray_type)
-            : map_filament_type_to_generic_id(tray.tray_type);
-
         max_lane_index = std::max(max_lane_index, gate_idx);
         trays.push_back(tray);
     }

src/slic3r/Utils/MoonrakerPrinterAgent.hpp

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 
 #include "IPrinterAgent.hpp"
 #include "ICloudServiceAgent.hpp"
+#include "AmsPayload.hpp"
 
 #include <memory>
 #include <mutex>
@@ -114,19 +115,12 @@ protected:
         bool        use_ssl = false;
     } device_info;
 
-    // Tray data for AMS payload building
-    struct AmsTrayData {
-        int         slot_index = 0;      // 0-based slot index
-        bool        has_filament = false;
-        std::string tray_type;           // Material type (e.g., "PLA", "ASA")
-        std::string tray_color;          // Raw color (#RRGGBB, 0xRRGGBB, or RRGGBBAA)
-        std::string tray_info_idx;       // Setting ID (optional)
-        int         bed_temp = 0;        // Optional
-        int         nozzle_temp = 0;     // Optional
-    };
-
-    // Build ams JSON and call parser
+    // Build ams JSON and call parser (AmsTrayData is shared; see AmsPayload.hpp).
     void build_ams_payload(int ams_count, int max_lane_index, const std::vector<AmsTrayData>& trays);
+    // Overload for agents with vendor-aware matching (Snapmaker): the resolver
+    // runs on the main thread inside the shared builder, preserving the match
+    // without touching preset state on the fetch worker.
+    void build_ams_payload(int ams_count, int max_lane_index, const std::vector<AmsTrayData>& trays, const TrayInfoResolver& vendor_resolver);
 
     // Methods that derived classes may need to override or access
     virtual bool init_device_info(const std::string& dev_id, const std::string& dev_ip, const std::string& username, const std::string& password, bool use_ssl, const std::string& port);
@@ -151,9 +145,6 @@ protected:
     // Trim whitespace and convert to uppercase
     static std::string trim_and_upper(const std::string& input);
 
-    // Map filament type to OrcaFilamentLibrary preset ID for AMS sync compatibility
-    static std::string map_filament_type_to_generic_id(const std::string& filament_type);
-
     // Send a G-code script via Moonraker (/printer/gcode/script)
     bool send_gcode(const std::string& dev_id, const std::string& gcode) const;
     bool send_gcode(const std::string& dev_id, const std::string& gcode,
@@ -225,11 +216,8 @@ private:
     bool fetch_moonraker_filament_data(std::vector<AmsTrayData>& trays, int& max_lane_index);
 
     // JSON helper methods
-    static std::string safe_json_string(const nlohmann::json& obj, const char* key);
-    static int safe_json_int(const nlohmann::json& obj, const char* key);
     static std::string safe_array_string(const nlohmann::json& arr, int idx);
     static int safe_array_int(const nlohmann::json& arr, int idx);
-    static std::string normalize_color_value(const std::string& color);
 
     std::string                        ssdp_announced_host;
     std::string                        ssdp_announced_id;

src/slic3r/Utils/OrcaPrinterAgent.cpp

@@ -1,11 +1,10 @@
 #include "OrcaPrinterAgent.hpp"
-
+#include "AmsPayload.hpp"
 #include "IPrinterAgent.hpp"
 #include "Http.hpp"
 #include "NetworkAgentFactory.hpp"
 #include "OrcaCloudServiceAgent.hpp"
 #include "bambu_networking.hpp"
-
 #include <boost/algorithm/string.hpp>
 #include <boost/asio.hpp>
 #include <boost/filesystem.hpp>
@@ -42,6 +41,8 @@ const std::string OrcaPrinterAgent_VERSION = "0.0.1";
 namespace {
 
 namespace fs = boost::filesystem;
+constexpr int kVirtualTrayDeputyId = 254;
+constexpr int kVirtualTrayMainId   = 255;
 
 // params.filename is normally the exported .3mf archive; the sliced G-code sits
 // beside it with the same stem (".12345.0.3mf" -> ".12345.0.gcode"). params.dst_file,
@@ -114,6 +115,18 @@ std::string next_gcode_file_sequence_id()
     return std::to_string(counter.fetch_add(1, std::memory_order_relaxed));
 }
 
+// pushall is replay-cached per (namespace, command, sequence_id), so a refresh
+// must not reuse the connect-band ids (20001..20004). Seed from the wall clock
+// like next_gcode_file_sequence_id and bump once per call within a run.
+std::string next_filament_refresh_sequence_id()
+{
+    static std::atomic<uint64_t> counter{[] {
+        const auto now = std::chrono::system_clock::now().time_since_epoch();
+        return static_cast<uint64_t>(std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::seconds>(now).count()) + 100000;
+    }()};
+    return std::to_string(counter.fetch_add(1, std::memory_order_relaxed));
+}
+
 static constexpr const char* ORCASONAR_FALLBACK = "orcasonar";
 
 bool fetch_orcasonar_body(const std::string& url, std::string& body)
@@ -539,7 +552,7 @@ std::string OrcaPrinterAgent::merge_capabilities(const std::string& dev_id, cons
     // removes its storage too. Process-wide and keyed by the globally-unique
     // dev_id, with its own mutex; C++11 makes the one-time init thread-safe.
     static std::unordered_map<std::string, double> nozzle_diameter_cache;
-    static std::mutex                              nozzle_diameter_cache_mutex;
+    static std::mutex nozzle_diameter_cache_mutex;
 
     bool modified = false;
 
@@ -555,7 +568,7 @@ std::string OrcaPrinterAgent::merge_capabilities(const std::string& dev_id, cons
     //                ("N/A" -> NozzleType::ntUndefine, as MoonrakerPrinterAgent
     //                does; Klipper has no Bambu nozzle type) onto later push_status
     //                frames that carry no real nozzle data.
-    const auto info_it = envelope.find("info");
+    const auto info_it               = envelope.find("info");
     const bool is_capabilities_reply = info_it != envelope.end() && info_it->is_object() &&
                                        info_it->value("command", "") == "get_capabilities";
 
@@ -588,13 +601,10 @@ std::string OrcaPrinterAgent::merge_capabilities(const std::string& dev_id, cons
             std::lock_guard<std::mutex> l(nozzle_diameter_cache_mutex);
             nozzle_diameter_cache[dev_id] = nozzle_dia;
         }
-        // The capabilities reply itself is forwarded unchanged.
-    }
-    else {
+    } else {
         const auto print_it = envelope.find("print");
-        if (print_it != envelope.end() && print_it->is_object() &&
-            print_it->value("command", "") == "push_status" && !print_it->contains("nozzle_diameter")) {
-
+        if (print_it != envelope.end() && print_it->is_object() && print_it->value("command", "") == "push_status" &&
+            !print_it->contains("nozzle_diameter")) {
             double nozzle_dia = 0.0;
             {
                 std::lock_guard<std::mutex> l(nozzle_diameter_cache_mutex);
@@ -605,7 +615,7 @@ std::string OrcaPrinterAgent::merge_capabilities(const std::string& dev_id, cons
             if (nozzle_dia > 0.0) {
                 (*print_it)["nozzle_diameter"] = nozzle_dia;
                 (*print_it)["nozzle_type"]     = "N/A";
-                modified = true;
+                modified                       = true;
             }
         }
     }
@@ -614,9 +624,112 @@ std::string OrcaPrinterAgent::merge_capabilities(const std::string& dev_id, cons
     return modified ? envelope.dump() : payload;
 }
 
+// One get_capabilities reply's AMS declaration. Not a dialect shim: it feeds
+// get_filament_sync_mode() and the ams_ops write gate, so it must outlive
+// merge_capabilities.
+void OrcaPrinterAgent::register_ams_capabilities(const std::string& dev_id, const std::string& payload)
+{
+    if (dev_id.empty() || payload.find("get_capabilities") == std::string::npos)
+        return;
+
+    const nlohmann::json envelope = nlohmann::json::parse(payload, nullptr, false);
+    if (!envelope.is_object())
+        return;
+    const auto info_it = envelope.find("info");
+    if (info_it == envelope.end() || !info_it->is_object() || info_it->value("command", "") != "get_capabilities")
+        return;
+    const auto caps_it = info_it->find("capabilities");
+    // A reply that is not a complete capabilities answer is ignored: treating a
+    // transient malformed reply as "no capabilities" would gate every AMS write
+    // until a good one arrives. Stale state is cleared on disconnect instead.
+    if (caps_it == info_it->end() || !caps_it->is_object())
+        return;
+    const auto proto_it = caps_it->find("protocol");
+    if (proto_it == caps_it->end() || !proto_it->is_object())
+        return;
+
+    // ams_ops is the write-op union the resolved drivers implement. Register it
+    // on every reply — empty when the key is absent — so "answered without ops"
+    // gates every AMS write (OPCP §7.8) and a later reply clears stale ops.
+    std::vector<std::string> ops;
+    const auto ops_it = proto_it->find("ams_ops");
+    if (ops_it != proto_it->end() && ops_it->is_array()) {
+        for (const auto& op : *ops_it)
+            if (op.is_string())
+                ops.push_back(op.get<std::string>());
+    }
+    register_ams_ops(dev_id, ops);
+
+    // features.fms is the authoritative "has a material system" flag
+    // (topology.material_units non-empty). Payloads without it fall back to a
+    // non-empty ams_ops.
+    bool has_ams           = false;
+    bool fms_known         = false;
+    const auto features_it = proto_it->find("features");
+    if (features_it != proto_it->end() && features_it->is_object()) {
+        const auto fms_it = features_it->find("fms");
+        if (fms_it != features_it->end() && fms_it->is_boolean()) {
+            has_ams   = fms_it->get<bool>();
+            fms_known = true;
+        }
+    }
+    if (!fms_known)
+        has_ams = !ops.empty();
+    register_ams_capability(dev_id, has_ams);
+
+    // features.filament_slots is the connector's slot model (REQ-FMS-001),
+    // independent of fms: a printer with no material hardware still has slots.
+    bool has_slots = false;
+    if (features_it != proto_it->end() && features_it->is_object()) {
+        const auto slots_it = features_it->find("filament_slots");
+        if (slots_it != features_it->end() && slots_it->is_boolean())
+            has_slots = slots_it->get<bool>();
+    }
+    register_filament_slots(dev_id, has_slots);
+
+    // filament_metadata.<driver>.values publishes what a fixed-vocabulary
+    // driver can hold. It constrains the picker only when every writing driver
+    // declared values: one free-form driver (Happy Hare, AFC) keeps the full
+    // color picker and preset list available. Registered on every reply so a
+    // later one without the key clears a stale palette.
+    FilamentMetadataValues metadata;
+    const auto             meta_it = proto_it->find("filament_metadata");
+    if (meta_it != proto_it->end() && meta_it->is_object() && !meta_it->empty()) {
+        const auto collect = [](std::vector<std::string>& out, const nlohmann::json& values, const char* key) {
+            const auto arr = values.find(key);
+            if (arr == values.end() || !arr->is_array())
+                return;
+            for (const auto& v : *arr) {
+                if (!v.is_string())
+                    continue;
+                const std::string entry = v.get<std::string>();
+                if (std::find(out.begin(), out.end(), entry) == out.end())
+                    out.push_back(entry);
+            }
+        };
+        bool all_constrained = true;
+        for (auto driver = meta_it->begin(); driver != meta_it->end() && all_constrained; ++driver) {
+            const auto values_it = driver.value().find("values");
+            if (values_it == driver.value().end() || !values_it->is_object() || values_it->empty()) {
+                all_constrained = false;
+                break;
+            }
+            collect(metadata.materials, *values_it, "material");
+            collect(metadata.colors, *values_it, "color");
+        }
+        if (all_constrained && (!metadata.materials.empty() || !metadata.colors.empty()))
+            metadata.constrained = true;
+        else
+            metadata = FilamentMetadataValues{};
+    }
+    register_filament_metadata(dev_id, metadata);
+}
+
 void OrcaPrinterAgent::deliver_to_sink(const std::string& dev_id, const std::string& payload, bool local)
 {
     parse_ipcam_info(dev_id, payload);
+    register_ams_capabilities(dev_id, payload);
+    maybe_refresh_filament_capabilities(dev_id, payload, local);
     std::string merged_payload = merge_capabilities(dev_id, payload);
 
     OnMessageFn fn;
@@ -627,10 +740,11 @@ void OrcaPrinterAgent::deliver_to_sink(const std::string& dev_id, const std::str
         q  = queue_on_main_fn;
     }
     BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(info) << "Orca diagnostic: delivering " << (local ? "local" : "cloud") << " report payload dev_id=" << dev_id
-                            << " payload=" << merged_payload
-                            << " callback=" << (fn ? "set" : "null") << " queue_on_main=" << (q ? "set" : "null");
+                            << " payload=" << merged_payload << " callback=" << (fn ? "set" : "null")
+                            << " queue_on_main=" << (q ? "set" : "null");
     if (!fn) {
-        BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(warning) << "Orca diagnostic: dropping " << (local ? "local" : "cloud") << " message because on_message_fn is not set"
+        BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(warning) << "Orca diagnostic: dropping " << (local ? "local" : "cloud")
+                                   << " message because on_message_fn is not set"
                                    << " dev_id=" << dev_id;
         return;
     }
@@ -652,6 +766,7 @@ void OrcaPrinterAgent::dispatch_local_connect(int state, const std::string& dev_
 
     BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(info) << "Orca diagnostic: LAN connection callback state=" << state << " dev_id=" << dev_id << " message=" << message
                             << " callback=" << (callback ? "set" : "null") << " queue_on_main=" << (queue ? "set" : "null");
+
     if (!callback)
         return;
 
@@ -703,26 +818,45 @@ int OrcaPrinterAgent::send_message(std::string dev_id, std::string json_str, int
 
 int OrcaPrinterAgent::command_ams_refresh_rfid(std::string dev_id, int ams_id, int tray_id, int sequence_id, bool lan_mode)
 {
-    (void) ams_id;
-    // int tray_number = 0;
-    // if (!parse_nonnegative_command_id(tray_id, tray_number)) {
-    //     BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(warning) << "OrcaPrinterAgent: invalid RFID tray id=" << tray_id;
-    //     return BAMBU_NETWORK_ERR_INVALID_HANDLE;
-    // }
+    return route_send(lan_mode, dev_id, build_ams_refresh_rfid_body(ams_id, tray_id, sequence_id));
+}
+
+int OrcaPrinterAgent::command_ams_calibrate(std::string /*dev_id*/, int /*ams_id*/, int /*sequence_id*/, bool /*lan_mode*/)
+{
+    BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(info) << "OrcaPrinterAgent: AMS calibration is not part of the OrcaSonar API";
+    return ORCA_NETWORK_ERR_CMD_NOT_SUPPORTED;
+}
+
+std::string OrcaPrinterAgent::build_ams_change_filament_body(int tray_number, int sequence_id)
+{
+    nlohmann::json j;
+    j["print"]["command"]     = "ams_change_filament";
+    j["print"]["sequence_id"] = std::to_string(sequence_id);
+    // tray_id is the BBL tray id (ams_id*4 + tray). Send the coordinates, not a
+    // fabricated flat lane: the server's one resolver maps wide and sparse
+    // boxes correctly (REQ-STS-008 §7.8).
+    j["print"]["selector"] = "lane";
+    if (tray_number == kVirtualTrayMainId || tray_number == kVirtualTrayDeputyId) {
+        j["print"]["ams_id"]  = tray_number;
+        j["print"]["slot_id"] = 0;
+    } else {
+        j["print"]["ams_id"]  = tray_number / 4;
+        j["print"]["slot_id"] = tray_number % 4;
+    }
+    return j.dump();
+}
+
+std::string OrcaPrinterAgent::build_ams_refresh_rfid_body(int ams_id, int tray_or_slot_id, int sequence_id)
+{
+    const int tray_id = ams_id == -1
+        ? tray_or_slot_id
+        : (ams_id >= 240 && ams_id <= 255 ? ams_id : ams_id * 4 + tray_or_slot_id);
 
     nlohmann::json j;
     j["print"]["command"]     = "ams_get_rfid";
     j["print"]["sequence_id"] = std::to_string(sequence_id);
     j["print"]["tray_id"]     = tray_id;
-    return route_send(lan_mode, dev_id, j.dump());
-}
-
-int OrcaPrinterAgent::command_ams_calibrate(std::string /*dev_id*/, int /*ams_id*/, int /*sequence_id*/, bool /*lan_mode*/)
-{
-    // OrcaSonar has no ams_calibrate command. Do not send the Bambu M620 C
-    // dialect through the vendor-neutral OrcaSonar gcode_line command.
-    BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(info) << "OrcaPrinterAgent: AMS calibration is not part of the OrcaSonar API";
-    return ORCA_NETWORK_ERR_CMD_NOT_SUPPORTED;
+    return j.dump();
 }
 
 int OrcaPrinterAgent::command_ams_select_tray(std::string dev_id, std::string tray_id, int sequence_id, bool lan_mode)
@@ -733,51 +867,7 @@ int OrcaPrinterAgent::command_ams_select_tray(std::string dev_id, std::string tr
         return BAMBU_NETWORK_ERR_INVALID_HANDLE;
     }
 
-    nlohmann::json j;
-    j["print"]["command"]     = "ams_change_filament";
-    j["print"]["sequence_id"] = std::to_string(sequence_id);
-    j["print"]["target"]      = tray_number;
-    return route_send(lan_mode, dev_id, j.dump());
-}
-
-int OrcaPrinterAgent::command_start_camera(std::string /*dev_id*/)
-{
-    // OrcaSonar exposes camera.ipcam_* controls, not the legacy start_camera
-    // operation used by the Bambu agent.
-    BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(info) << "OrcaPrinterAgent: camera start is not part of the OrcaSonar API";
-    return ORCA_NETWORK_ERR_CMD_NOT_SUPPORTED;
-}
-
-int OrcaPrinterAgent::command_xyz_abs(std::string dev_id, int sequence_id, bool lan_mode)
-{
-    nlohmann::json j;
-    j["print"]["command"]     = "gcode_line";
-    j["print"]["param"]       = "G90\n";
-    j["print"]["sequence_id"] = std::to_string(sequence_id);
-    return route_send(lan_mode, dev_id, j.dump());
-}
-
-int OrcaPrinterAgent::command_auto_leveling(std::string dev_id, int sequence_id, bool lan_mode)
-{
-    nlohmann::json j;
-    j["print"]["command"]     = "gcode_line";
-    j["print"]["param"]       = "G29\n";
-    j["print"]["sequence_id"] = std::to_string(sequence_id);
-    return route_send(lan_mode, dev_id, j.dump());
-}
-
-int OrcaPrinterAgent::command_go_home(std::string dev_id, bool is_printing, bool supports_mqtt_homing, int sequence_id, bool lan_mode)
-{
-    nlohmann::json j;
-    j["print"]["sequence_id"] = std::to_string(sequence_id);
-    if (supports_mqtt_homing) {
-        j["print"]["command"] = "back_to_center";
-    } else {
-        // Preserve the existing safety behavior: never home Z/Y during a print.
-        j["print"]["command"] = "gcode_line";
-        j["print"]["param"]   = is_printing ? "G28 X\n" : "G28\n";
-    }
-    return route_send(lan_mode, dev_id, j.dump());
+    return route_send(lan_mode, dev_id, build_ams_change_filament_body(tray_number, sequence_id));
 }
 
 int OrcaPrinterAgent::command_set_bed(std::string dev_id, int temp, bool /*supports_mqtt_bed_ctrl*/, int sequence_id, bool lan_mode)
@@ -834,6 +924,58 @@ int OrcaPrinterAgent::command_axis_control(std::string dev_id,
     return route_send(lan_mode, dev_id, j.dump());
 }
 
+FilamentSyncMode OrcaPrinterAgent::get_filament_sync_mode() const
+{
+    std::string dev_id;
+    {
+        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(state_mutex);
+        dev_id = (m_current_connection == LAN) ? m_lan_dev_id : selected_machine;
+    }
+    if (!dev_id.empty() && (has_ams_capability(dev_id) || has_filament_slots(dev_id))) {
+        return FilamentSyncMode::subscription;
+    }
+    return FilamentSyncMode::none;
+}
+
+// Moonraker's client bootstrap: /access/api_key hands the façade key to a
+// trusted source (the default LAN ranges include the slicer). Cache it per
+// connection generation. If the request is refused — a hardened trusted_clients
+// list, or no façade — fall back to the access code, which is what earlier
+// builds sent, so behavior degrades to the status quo rather than breaking.
+std::string OrcaPrinterAgent::lan_api_key(const std::string& origin)
+{
+    if (origin.empty())
+        return {};
+
+    std::string fallback;
+    uint64_t gen;
+    {
+        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(state_mutex);
+        if (!m_lan_api_key.empty() && m_lan_api_key_gen == m_lan_generation.load())
+            return m_lan_api_key;
+        fallback = m_lan_password;
+        gen      = m_lan_generation.load();
+    }
+
+    std::string resolved;
+    if (std::string body; fetch_orcasonar_body(origin + "/access/api_key", body)) {
+        auto j = nlohmann::json::parse(body, nullptr, false, true);
+        if (!j.is_discarded() && j.contains("result") && j["result"].is_string())
+            resolved = j["result"].get<std::string>();
+    }
+    if (resolved.empty()) {
+        BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(info) << "OrcaPrinterAgent: /access/api_key unavailable; using the access code as X-Api-Key";
+        resolved = fallback;
+    }
+
+    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(state_mutex);
+    if (m_lan_generation.load() == gen && !resolved.empty()) {
+        m_lan_api_key     = resolved;
+        m_lan_api_key_gen = gen;
+    }
+    return resolved;
+}
+
 bool OrcaPrinterAgent::parse_lan_endpoint(const std::string& dev_ip, std::string& host, std::string& port)
 {
     std::string s = dev_ip;
@@ -986,6 +1128,38 @@ void OrcaPrinterAgent::emit_connect_sequence(const std::string& dev_id,
     request(build_get_capabilities(seq(4)));
 }
 
+void OrcaPrinterAgent::request_filament_capabilities(const std::string& dev_id, bool local)
+{
+    if (dev_id.empty())
+        return;
+    OrcaMqttConnection* conn = get_appropriate_mqtt_connection(local);
+    if (!conn)
+        return;
+    conn->send_request(dev_id, build_get_capabilities(next_filament_refresh_sequence_id()));
+    conn->send_request(dev_id, build_pushall(next_filament_refresh_sequence_id()));
+}
+
+void OrcaPrinterAgent::maybe_refresh_filament_capabilities(const std::string& dev_id, const std::string& payload, bool local)
+{
+    if (dev_id.empty() || ams_caps_known(dev_id))
+        return;
+    if (payload.find("push_status") == std::string::npos)
+        return;
+    // Only filament state is a reason to ask: ams_exist_bits/tray_exist_bits or
+    // the vir_slot array. A status without either cannot resolve topology.
+    if (payload.find("\"vir_slot\"") == std::string::npos && payload.find("\"ams\":") == std::string::npos)
+        return;
+    {
+        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> l(state_mutex);
+        const auto now = std::chrono::steady_clock::now();
+        const auto it  = m_filament_caps_refresh_at.find(dev_id);
+        if (it != m_filament_caps_refresh_at.end() && now - it->second < std::chrono::seconds(5))
+            return;
+        m_filament_caps_refresh_at[dev_id] = now;
+    }
+    request_filament_capabilities(dev_id, local);
+}
+
 void OrcaPrinterAgent::on_connected(const std::string& dev_id, OrcaMqttConnection* conn, uint64_t generation)
 {
     // Called from both connect paths with whichever epoch that path captured; the two
@@ -1012,6 +1186,8 @@ int OrcaPrinterAgent::connect_printer(const PrinterConnectionParams& params)
         BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(warning) << "Orca diagnostic: connect_printer rejected unparsable LAN endpoint dev_ip=" << params.host;
         return BAMBU_NETWORK_ERR_INVALID_HANDLE;
     }
+    if (!params.port.empty())
+        port = params.port;
     disconnect_printer();
     const uint64_t gen = ++m_lan_generation;
 
@@ -1031,9 +1207,12 @@ int OrcaPrinterAgent::connect_printer(const PrinterConnectionParams& params)
     CurrentConn previous_connection;
     {
         std::lock_guard<std::mutex> l(state_mutex);
-        previous_connection  = m_current_connection;
-        m_lan_dev_id         = params.dev_id;
-        m_lan_url            = cfg.url;
+        previous_connection = m_current_connection;
+        m_lan_dev_id        = params.dev_id;
+        m_lan_url           = cfg.url;
+        m_lan_password      = params.password; // access code; the façade key is bootstrapped lazily
+        m_lan_api_key.clear();
+        m_lan_api_key_gen   = gen;
         m_camera_stream_mode = CameraStreamMode::none;
         m_camera_url.clear();
         m_current_connection = LAN;
@@ -1107,6 +1286,7 @@ int OrcaPrinterAgent::disconnect_printer()
         doomed              = std::move(lan_mqtt_connection);
         prev_dev            = m_lan_dev_id;
         m_lan_dev_id.clear();
+        m_lan_api_key.clear();
         if (m_current_connection == LAN) {
             m_current_connection = NONE;
             m_camera_stream_mode = CameraStreamMode::none;
@@ -1119,6 +1299,10 @@ int OrcaPrinterAgent::disconnect_printer()
                             << " connected=" << (doomed && doomed->is_connected() ? "yes" : "no")
                             << " transport=" << connection_type_name(previous_connection) << "->"
                             << connection_type_name(current_connection);
+    // Drop the device's declared capabilities so a reconnect starts from "no
+    // reply yet" instead of a stale declaration from the previous session.
+    if (!prev_dev.empty())
+        clear_ams_caps(prev_dev);
     // Tell the printer to stop pushing and drop the report topic before the socket
     // goes away (§3.2/§5.4: deselect issues pushing.stop on both transports).
     if (doomed && !prev_dev.empty() && doomed->is_connected()) {
@@ -1136,11 +1320,150 @@ int OrcaPrinterAgent::disconnect_printer()
 int OrcaPrinterAgent::send_message_to_printer(std::string dev_id, std::string json_str, int /*qos*/, int /*flag*/)
 { return route_send(/*is_lan=*/true, dev_id, json_str); }
 
+// Rewrite recognized Bambu-coordinate requests to the canonical OrcaSonar
+// bodies (OPCP spec §7.8) and enforce the device's declared capabilities.
+// Explicit selectors and legacy target requests retain their wire semantics.
+std::string OrcaPrinterAgent::canonicalize_ams_payload(const std::string& dev_id, const std::string& json_str, bool* unsupported)
+{
+    if (unsupported)
+        *unsupported = false;
+    try {
+        auto envelope = nlohmann::json::parse(json_str, nullptr, false);
+        if (envelope.is_discarded() || !envelope.is_object() || !envelope.contains("print") || !envelope["print"].is_object())
+            return json_str;
+        auto& print           = envelope["print"];
+        const std::string cmd = print.value("command", std::string());
+        if (cmd.empty() || (cmd.rfind("ams_", 0) != 0 && cmd != "auto_stop_ams_dry"))
+            return json_str;
+
+        // filament_setting is exempt from the ams_ops union: filament_slots
+        // advertises the canonical slot write, while native metadata support is
+        // reported separately by the driver (OrcaSonar OPCP §7.8).
+        auto op_allowed = [&dev_id](const std::string& o) {
+            if (o == "filament_setting")
+                return !ams_caps_known(dev_id) || has_filament_slots(dev_id);
+            return o.empty() || ams_op_supported(dev_id, o);
+        };
+        const bool fms_allowed = !ams_caps_known(dev_id) || has_ams_capability(dev_id);
+
+        if (cmd == "ams_change_filament" && print.contains("selector")) {
+            // Already canonical (e.g. command_ams_select_tray): gate the op,
+            // but never rewrite the body.
+            const std::string sel = print.value("selector", std::string());
+            bool lane_has_coordinates = false;
+            bool coordinate_is_external = false;
+            if (sel == "lane") {
+                const auto ams_it  = print.find("ams_id");
+                const auto slot_it = print.find("slot_id");
+                lane_has_coordinates = ams_it != print.end() && ams_it->is_number_integer()
+                    && slot_it != print.end() && slot_it->is_number_integer();
+                if (lane_has_coordinates) {
+                    const int ams = ams_it->get<int>();
+                    coordinate_is_external = ams >= 240 && ams <= 255;
+                }
+            }
+            const bool selector_op_allowed = sel == "lane"
+                ? (lane_has_coordinates
+                    ? op_allowed(coordinate_is_external ? "external" : "change_filament")
+                    : (op_allowed("change_filament") || op_allowed("external")))
+                : op_allowed(sel);
+            const bool allowed = fms_allowed && selector_op_allowed;
+            if (!allowed && unsupported)
+                *unsupported = true;
+            return json_str;
+        }
+
+        auto int_or = [&print](const char* key, int fallback) {
+            const auto it = print.find(key);
+            return (it != print.end() && it->is_number_integer()) ? it->get<int>() : fallback;
+        };
+        std::string op;
+        if (cmd == "ams_change_filament") {
+            const int target = int_or("target", -1);
+            const int slot   = int_or("slot_id", -1);
+            const int ams    = int_or("ams_id", -1);
+            const bool has_target = target >= 0 && target <= 255 && print.contains("target");
+            const bool legacy_unload = target == 255 && slot == 255;
+            const bool has_coordinates = ams >= 0 && slot >= 0;
+
+            // The old request path retains macro semantics. Only translate the
+            // Slicer-generated Bambu form when its coordinates identify a slot.
+            const bool ambiguous_external_target = target == 255 && ams < 240;
+            if (!has_target || legacy_unload || ambiguous_external_target || !has_coordinates || ams > 255) {
+                const bool legacy_op_allowed = op_allowed("change_filament")
+                    || op_allowed("external") || op_allowed("unload");
+                if ((!fms_allowed || !legacy_op_allowed) && unsupported)
+                    *unsupported = true;
+                return json_str;
+            }
+
+            print.erase("target");
+            print.erase("tray_id");
+            print["selector"] = "lane";
+            print["ams_id"]   = ams;
+            print["slot_id"]  = slot;
+            op = ams >= 240 ? "external" : "change_filament";
+        } else if (cmd == "ams_filament_setting") {
+            op             = "filament_setting";
+            const int ams  = int_or("ams_id", -1);
+            const int slot = int_or("slot_id", -1);
+            if (ams >= 0 && slot >= 0) {
+                // Coordinates are the server resolver's own form (REQ-FMS-001
+                // §6.2.13). Forward them unchanged for box and external spools;
+                // never fabricate a flat lane (tray id != layout lane).
+                print["ams_id"]  = ams;
+                print["slot_id"] = slot;
+                print.erase("tray_id");
+            }
+            // A lane-only or coordinate-less body is left as sent so the server
+            // applies the dual-form rule and its own -19, never -5.
+        } else if (cmd == "ams_control") {
+            std::string action = print.value("action", print.value("param", std::string()));
+            op                 = action; // only "pause" is ever declared; the rest gate out
+        } else if (cmd == "ams_user_setting") {
+            op = "user_setting";
+        } else if (cmd == "ams_get_rfid") {
+            op = "get_rfid";
+            if (!print.contains("tray_id")) {
+                const int ams  = int_or("ams_id", -1);
+                const int slot = int_or("slot_id", -1);
+                if (ams == -1 && slot >= 0) {
+                    print["tray_id"] = slot;
+                    print.erase("ams_id");
+                    print.erase("slot_id");
+                } else if (ams >= 240 && ams <= 255 && slot >= 0) {
+                    print["tray_id"] = ams;
+                    print.erase("ams_id");
+                    print.erase("slot_id");
+                } else if (ams >= 0 && ams < 240 && slot >= 0) {
+                    print["tray_id"] = ams * 4 + slot; // legacy ams+slot call shape
+                    print.erase("ams_id");
+                    print.erase("slot_id");
+                }
+            }
+        } else if (cmd == "auto_stop_ams_dry") {
+            op = "stop_dry";
+        }
+        const bool needs_fms = cmd != "ams_filament_setting" && !op.empty();
+        if (((needs_fms && !fms_allowed) || !op_allowed(op)) && unsupported)
+            *unsupported = true;
+        return envelope.dump();
+    } catch (const std::exception&) {
+        return json_str;
+    }
+}
+
 int OrcaPrinterAgent::route_send(bool is_lan, const std::string& dev_id, const std::string& json_str)
 {
+    bool unsupported            = false;
+    const std::string canonical = canonicalize_ams_payload(dev_id, json_str, &unsupported);
+    if (unsupported) {
+        BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(info) << "OrcaPrinterAgent::route_send: ams op not declared by device capabilities, dev_id=" << dev_id;
+        return ORCA_NETWORK_ERR_CAP_NOT_AVAILABLE;
+    }
     std::string command = "<unparsed>";
     try {
-        const nlohmann::json envelope = nlohmann::json::parse(json_str);
+        const nlohmann::json envelope = nlohmann::json::parse(canonical);
         for (const char* namespace_name : {"pushing", "info", "print", "system", "camera", "xcam", "upgrade", "event", "files"}) {
             const auto namespace_it = envelope.find(namespace_name);
             if (namespace_it != envelope.end() && namespace_it->is_object()) {
@@ -1162,7 +1485,7 @@ int OrcaPrinterAgent::route_send(bool is_lan, const std::string& dev_id, const s
     OrcaMqttConnection* conn = get_appropriate_mqtt_connection(is_lan);
     if (!conn)
         return BAMBU_NETWORK_ERR_INVALID_HANDLE;
-    const bool queued = conn->send_request(dev_id, json_str);
+    const bool queued = conn->send_request(dev_id, canonical);
     BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(info) << "OrcaPrinterAgent::route_send command=" << command << " queued=" << queued << " is_lan=" << is_lan
                             << " dev_id=" << dev_id;
     return queued ? BAMBU_NETWORK_SUCCESS : BAMBU_NETWORK_ERR_CONNECTION_TO_SERVER_FAILED;
@@ -1262,11 +1585,13 @@ int OrcaPrinterAgent::set_user_selected_machine(std::string dev_id)
 {
     auto* cloud = get_orca_cloud_agent();
     std::string previous;
+    std::string lan_dev_id;
     CurrentConn previous_connection;
     CurrentConn current_connection;
     {
         std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(state_mutex);
         previous_connection = m_current_connection;
+        lan_dev_id          = m_lan_dev_id;
         // An empty cloud selection must not clear an independently active LAN
         // selection. Conversely, selecting a cloud machine with the same id
         // while LAN is active is still a transport switch and must proceed.
@@ -1295,6 +1620,10 @@ int OrcaPrinterAgent::set_user_selected_machine(std::string dev_id)
     BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(info) << "OrcaPrinterAgent::set_user_selected_machine: previous=" << previous << " new=" << dev_id
                             << " cloud=" << (cloud ? "set" : "<null>") << " transport=" << connection_type_name(previous_connection) << "->"
                             << connection_type_name(current_connection);
+    // Forget the deselected cloud device's declaration so a later session starts
+    // from "no reply yet". A LAN feed for the same id keeps its capabilities.
+    if (!previous.empty() && previous != dev_id && previous != lan_dev_id)
+        clear_ams_caps(previous);
     if (!cloud) {
         BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(warning) << "OrcaPrinterAgent::set_user_selected_machine: no Orca cloud agent";
         return BAMBU_NETWORK_SUCCESS;
@@ -1336,9 +1665,9 @@ int OrcaPrinterAgent::set_user_selected_machine(std::string dev_id)
         auto state_handler = [this](bool connected, bool initial) {
             if (!connected || initial)
                 return;
-            auto* current_cloud = get_orca_cloud_agent();
+            auto* current_cloud              = get_orca_cloud_agent();
             OrcaMqttConnection* current_conn = current_cloud ? current_cloud->get_mqtt_connection() : nullptr;
-            const std::string selected = get_user_selected_machine();
+            const std::string selected       = get_user_selected_machine();
             if (current_conn && !selected.empty())
                 on_connected(selected, current_conn, m_cloud_generation.load());
         };
@@ -1361,7 +1690,8 @@ AgentInfo OrcaPrinterAgent::get_agent_info_static()
 // Print Job Operations - All Stubs
 // ============================================================================
 
-// Simply uploads the file to the printer via HTTP (cloud) then sends a HTTP request to start print. In the future, this might be a MQTT command to start print instead of HTTP.
+// Simply uploads the file to the printer via HTTP (cloud) then sends a HTTP request to start print. In the future, this might be a MQTT
+// command to start print instead of HTTP.
 int OrcaPrinterAgent::start_print(PrintParams params, OnUpdateStatusFn update_fn, WasCancelledFn cancel_fn, OnWaitFn wait_fn)
 {
     (void) wait_fn;
@@ -1468,37 +1798,49 @@ int OrcaPrinterAgent::start_send_gcode_to_sdcard(PrintParams params,
     std::string http_error;
     std::string response_body;
 
+    // One façade key for the whole upload exchange (directory probe + POST).
+    // If the bootstrapped key is unavailable (and there was no stored access
+    // code), fall back to the job's own password rather than sending none.
+    std::string api_key = lan_api_key(origin);
+    if (api_key.empty())
+        api_key = params.password;
+
     // check if printer has enough storage
-    Http::get(origin + "/server/files/directory?path=gcodes")
-        .on_complete([&](std::string body, unsigned status) {
-            if (body.empty()) {
-                http_status = 400;
-                http_error  = "Failed to get gcodes directory.";
-            }
-
-            int free = 0;
-
-            nlohmann::json json = nlohmann::json::parse(body);
-            if (json.contains("result")) {
-                json = json["result"];
-                if (json.contains("disk_usage")) {
-                    json = json["disk_usage"];
-                    if (json.contains("free"))
-                        free = json["free"].get<int>();
+    {
+        auto dir_req = Http::get(origin + "/server/files/directory?path=gcodes");
+        if (!api_key.empty())
+            dir_req.header("X-Api-Key", api_key);
+        dir_req
+            .on_complete([&](std::string body, unsigned status) {
+                if (body.empty()) {
+                    http_status = 400;
+                    http_error  = "Failed to get gcodes directory.";
                 }
-            }
 
-            if (free < file_size) {
-                http_status = 507;
-                http_error  = "Not enough storage on the printer.";
-            }
-        })
-        .on_error([&](std::string body, std::string err, unsigned status) {
-            http_status   = status;
-            http_error    = std::move(err);
-            response_body = std::move(body);
-        })
-        .perform_sync();
+                int free = 0;
+
+                nlohmann::json json = nlohmann::json::parse(body);
+                if (json.contains("result")) {
+                    json = json["result"];
+                    if (json.contains("disk_usage")) {
+                        json = json["disk_usage"];
+                        if (json.contains("free"))
+                            free = json["free"].get<int>();
+                    }
+                }
+
+                if (free < file_size) {
+                    http_status = 507;
+                    http_error  = "Not enough storage on the printer.";
+                }
+            })
+            .on_error([&](std::string body, std::string err, unsigned status) {
+                http_status   = status;
+                http_error    = std::move(err);
+                response_body = std::move(body);
+            })
+            .perform_sync();
+    }
 
     if (http_status >= 400) {
         BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(warning) << __FUNCTION__ << " failed with error code: " << http_status << ", " << http_error;
@@ -1506,8 +1848,8 @@ int OrcaPrinterAgent::start_send_gcode_to_sdcard(PrintParams params,
     }
 
     auto http = Http::post(origin + "/server/files/upload");
-    if (!params.password.empty())
-        http.header("X-Api-Key", params.password); // trusted LAN facades may not require it; harmless when they do not
+    if (!api_key.empty())
+        http.header("X-Api-Key", api_key); // bootstrapped façade key, or the access code fallback
     http.form_add("root", "gcodes")
         .form_add("print", "false")
         .form_add_file("file", source, upload_name)

src/slic3r/Utils/OrcaPrinterAgent.hpp

@@ -6,12 +6,14 @@
 #include "OrcaCloudServiceAgent.hpp"
 #include "OrcaMqttConnection.hpp"
 #include <atomic>
+#include <chrono>
 #include <cstdint>
 #include <functional>
 #include <string>
 #include <mutex>
 #include <memory>
 #include <thread>
+#include <unordered_map>
 
 namespace Slic3r {
 
@@ -82,10 +84,6 @@ public:
     int command_ams_refresh_rfid(std::string dev_id, int ams_id, int tray_id, int sequence_id, bool lan_mode) override;
     int command_ams_calibrate(std::string dev_id, int ams_id, int sequence_id, bool lan_mode) override;
     int command_ams_select_tray(std::string dev_id, std::string tray_id, int sequence_id, bool lan_mode) override;
-    int command_start_camera(std::string dev_id) override;
-    int command_xyz_abs(std::string dev_id, int sequence_id, bool lan_mode) override;
-    int command_auto_leveling(std::string dev_id, int sequence_id, bool lan_mode) override;
-    int command_go_home(std::string dev_id, bool is_printing, bool supports_mqtt_homing, int sequence_id, bool lan_mode) override;
     int command_set_bed(std::string dev_id, int temp, bool supports_mqtt_bed_ctrl, int sequence_id, bool lan_mode) override;
     int command_set_nozzle(std::string dev_id, int temp, int sequence_id, bool lan_mode) override;
     int command_axis_control(std::string dev_id,
@@ -98,6 +96,13 @@ public:
                              int sequence_id,
                              bool lan_mode) override;
 
+    // Filament sync (subscription): `subscription` when the selected printer
+    // reports a material system (get_capabilities protocol.features.fms) or the
+    // filament-slot model (protocol.features.filament_slots), `none` otherwise.
+    // The AMS view comes from the pushed `ams`/`vir_slot` in push_status, so
+    // there is no fetch to keep fresh and the mode is transport-agnostic.
+    FilamentSyncMode get_filament_sync_mode() const override;
+
     // Test-only: drive emit_connect_sequence directly (no socket).
     void run_connect_sequence_for_test(const std::string& dev_id)
     {
@@ -106,10 +111,19 @@ public:
 
     // Test-only: advance the LAN connection epoch without a connect/disconnect cycle.
     void bump_lan_generation_for_test() { ++m_lan_generation; }
-    // Test-only: the same for the (independent) cloud selection epoch.
-    void bump_cloud_generation_for_test() { ++m_cloud_generation; }
 
-    FilamentSyncMode get_filament_sync_mode() const override { return FilamentSyncMode::subscription; }
+    // Test-only: Bambu ams_* wire JSON -> canonical OrcaSonar bodies (§7.8).
+    // Returns the (possibly rewritten) payload; *unsupported is set when the
+    // device's declared ams_ops exclude the operation (CAP_NOT_AVAILABLE in
+    // the live route_send path).
+    static std::string canonicalize_ams_payload(const std::string& dev_id, const std::string& json_str, bool* unsupported);
+
+    // Test-only: the canonical ams_change_filament body for a BBL tray id
+    // (ams_id*4 + tray). command_ams_select_tray routes this exact body.
+    static std::string build_ams_change_filament_body(int tray_number, int sequence_id);
+
+    // Build an RFID request from coordinates or a legacy flat tray id.
+    static std::string build_ams_refresh_rfid_body(int ams_id, int tray_or_slot_id, int sequence_id);
 
 protected:
     // Forward one inbound printer message to on_message_fn or on_local_message_fn (marshalled onto the UI
@@ -128,6 +142,12 @@ protected:
     // per-rule detail. Returns the payload unchanged when no rule applies.
     std::string merge_capabilities(const std::string& dev_id, const std::string& payload);
 
+    // Register one get_capabilities reply's AMS declaration: ams_ops (empty when
+    // the reply omits it, so "answered without ops" gates every write) and
+    // protocol.features.fms. Kept separate from merge_capabilities so dropping
+    // that shim cannot silently drop the capability registry.
+    void register_ams_capabilities(const std::string& dev_id, const std::string& payload);
+
     // Report the asynchronous LAN connection state using the same callback contract as
     // the other printer agents. The transport result cannot be returned by
     // connect_printer(), which only starts the worker.
@@ -151,6 +171,17 @@ protected:
     virtual void emit_connect_sequence(const std::string& dev_id,
                                        std::function<void(const std::string&)> subscribe,
                                        std::function<void(const std::string&)> request);
+
+    // Re-ask a device for its capabilities and a full status. Sent when a
+    // filament frame arrives before the capabilities reply (the topology
+    // bootstrapped after connect, or Klipper restarted), so a session that
+    // latched FilamentSyncMode::none can still reach subscription mode.
+    virtual void request_filament_capabilities(const std::string& dev_id, bool local);
+
+    // deliver_to_sink hook: re-request capabilities on a filament frame while
+    // the device's topology is still unconfirmed, throttled per device.
+    void maybe_refresh_filament_capabilities(const std::string& dev_id, const std::string& payload, bool local);
+
     static std::string seq(int n); // decimal string in the OrcaSlicer 20000..29999 band
     static std::string build_pushing_start(const std::string& sequence_id);
     static std::string build_pushing_stop(const std::string& sequence_id);
@@ -189,10 +220,23 @@ private:
 
     std::unique_ptr<OrcaSonarDiscovery> m_discovery;
 
-    std::string m_lan_dev_id; // guarded by state_mutex
-    std::string m_lan_url;    // guarded by state_mutex — the Config.url of the live LAN session
+    std::string m_lan_dev_id;                                       // guarded by state_mutex
+    std::string m_lan_url;                                          // guarded by state_mutex — the Config.url of the live LAN session
+    std::string m_lan_password;                                     // guarded by state_mutex — MQTT access code; X-Api-Key fallback
+    std::string m_lan_api_key;                                      // guarded by state_mutex — cached Moonraker-façade key, "" = unresolved
+    uint64_t m_lan_api_key_gen            = 0;                      // m_lan_generation the cached key belongs to
     CameraStreamMode m_camera_stream_mode = CameraStreamMode::none; // guarded by state_mutex
-    std::string m_camera_url; // guarded by state_mutex
+    std::string m_camera_url;                                       // guarded by state_mutex
+
+    // Last capability re-request per device; bounds the refresh to one per
+    // device while a filament frame keeps arriving without a reply.
+    std::unordered_map<std::string, std::chrono::steady_clock::time_point> m_filament_caps_refresh_at; // guarded by state_mutex
+
+    // The Moonraker-façade X-Api-Key, bootstrapped from /access/api_key (trusted
+    // clients only) and cached per connection generation; falls back to the
+    // access code when the endpoint is unavailable (untrusted/hardened config).
+    // Used by the LAN upload path.
+    std::string lan_api_key(const std::string& origin);
 
     OrcaCloudServiceAgent* get_orca_cloud_agent();
 

src/slic3r/Utils/QidiPrinterAgent.cpp

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 #include "QidiPrinterAgent.hpp"
 #include "Http.hpp"
 #include "IPrinterAgent.hpp"
+#include "slic3r/Utils/AmsPayload.hpp"
 #include "libslic3r/PresetBundle.hpp"
 #include "slic3r/GUI/GUI_App.hpp"
 
@@ -507,26 +508,7 @@ std::string QidiPrinterAgent::infer_series_id(const std::string& model_id, const
 
 std::string QidiPrinterAgent::normalize_filament_type(const std::string& filament_type)
 {
-    const std::string upper = trim_and_upper(filament_type);
-
-    if (upper.find("PLA") != std::string::npos)
-        return "PLA";
-    if (upper.find("ABS") != std::string::npos)
-        return "ABS";
-    if (upper.find("PETG") != std::string::npos)
-        return "PETG";
-    if (upper.find("TPU") != std::string::npos)
-        return "TPU";
-    if (upper.find("ASA") != std::string::npos)
-        return "ASA";
-    if (upper.find("PA") != std::string::npos || upper.find("NYLON") != std::string::npos)
-        return "PA";
-    if (upper.find("PC") != std::string::npos)
-        return "PC";
-    if (upper.find("PVA") != std::string::npos)
-        return "PVA";
-
-    return upper;
+	return normalize_qidi_material_family(filament_type);
 }
 
 } // namespace Slic3r

src/slic3r/Utils/SnapmakerPrinterAgent.cpp

@@ -239,25 +239,6 @@ bool SnapmakerPrinterAgent::fetch_filament_info(std::string dev_id, FilamentSync
                 tray.tray_type  = combine_filament_type(safe_at(filament_type, i, empty_str), safe_at(filament_sub_type, i, empty_str));
                 tray.tray_color = safe_at(filament_color, i, default_color);
 
-                auto* bundle = GUI::wxGetApp().preset_bundle;
-                // Try to find a matching preset for this filament based on vendor, type and color.
-                // If not found, default to traditional search by type only or generic type mapping.
-                if (bundle) {
-                    std::string vendor      = safe_at(filament_vendor, i, empty_str);
-                    std::string filament_id = find_closest_color_preset_by_vendor_and_type(bundle->filaments, vendor, tray.tray_type,
-                                                                                           tray.tray_color);
-
-                    if (!filament_id.empty()) {
-                        tray.tray_info_idx = filament_id;
-                        BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(warning)
-                            << "Filament sync: Found manufacturer-specific profile for slot " << i << ": " << filament_id;
-                    } else {
-                        tray.tray_info_idx = bundle->filaments.filament_id_by_type(tray.tray_type);
-                    }
-                } else {
-                    tray.tray_info_idx = map_filament_type_to_generic_id(tray.tray_type);
-                }
-
                 // Extract NFC temperature data if available
                 if (nfc_info.is_array() && i < static_cast<int>(nfc_info.size()) && nfc_info[i].is_object()) {
                     auto& nfc_slot     = nfc_info[i];
@@ -272,12 +253,46 @@ bool SnapmakerPrinterAgent::fetch_filament_info(std::string dev_id, FilamentSync
             trays.emplace_back(std::move(tray));
         }
 
-        build_ams_payload(1, slot_count - 1, trays);
+        // Preset matching (vendor + closest color) reads GUI preset state, so it
+        // runs on the main thread via this resolver, not on the fetch worker.
+        std::vector<std::string> vendors;
+        vendors.reserve(slot_count);
+        for (int i = 0; i < slot_count; ++i)
+            vendors.push_back(safe_at(filament_vendor, i, empty_str));
+
+        build_ams_payload(1, slot_count - 1, trays,
+            [vendors](std::vector<AmsTrayData>& resolved) { resolve_snapmaker_tray_info(resolved, vendors); });
     }).detach();
 
     return true;
 }
 
+void SnapmakerPrinterAgent::resolve_snapmaker_tray_info(std::vector<AmsTrayData>& trays,
+                                                        const std::vector<std::string>& vendors)
+{
+    auto* bundle = GUI::wxGetApp().preset_bundle;
+    for (auto& tray : trays) {
+        if (!tray.has_filament)
+            continue;
+        const std::string vendor = (tray.slot_index >= 0 && tray.slot_index < static_cast<int>(vendors.size()))
+                                       ? vendors[tray.slot_index]
+                                       : std::string();
+        if (bundle) {
+            // Try a matching preset by vendor, type and color; fall back to
+            // type only, then to the generic family map.
+            std::string filament_id = find_closest_color_preset_by_vendor_and_type(bundle->filaments, vendor, tray.tray_type, tray.tray_color);
+            if (!filament_id.empty()) {
+                tray.tray_info_idx = filament_id;
+                BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(warning) << "Filament sync: Found manufacturer-specific profile for slot " << tray.slot_index << ": " << filament_id;
+            } else {
+                tray.tray_info_idx = bundle->filaments.filament_id_by_type(tray.tray_type);
+            }
+        } else {
+            tray.tray_info_idx = map_filament_type_to_generic_id(tray.tray_type);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 FilamentSyncMode SnapmakerPrinterAgent::get_filament_sync_mode() const
 {
     if (GUI::wxGetApp().app_config->get_bool("use_printer_agents"))

src/slic3r/Utils/SnapmakerPrinterAgent.hpp

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
 #include <atomic>
 #include <cstdint>
 #include <string>
+#include <vector>
 
 namespace Slic3r {
 
@@ -28,6 +29,12 @@ private:
     // Combine filament_type + filament_sub_type into a unified type string
     static std::string combine_filament_type(const std::string& type, const std::string& sub_type);
 
+    // Resolve tray_info_idx for the collected trays. Reads the GUI preset
+    // bundle, so it is invoked on the main thread from within the shared
+    // build_ams_payload_for_device() (never on the fetch worker).
+    static void resolve_snapmaker_tray_info(std::vector<AmsTrayData>& trays,
+                                            const std::vector<std::string>& vendors);
+
     void start_camera_monitor();
     void on_status_loop_tick(const std::string& dev_id) override;
 

tests/libslic3r/test_preset_bundle_loading.cpp

@@ -1407,6 +1407,21 @@ TEST_CASE("Filaments offered for a machine follow the app's compatibility rule",
     }
 }
 
+TEST_CASE("Printer model ids resolve to vendor display names", "[Preset][Bundle]")
+{
+    PresetBundle bundle;
+    VendorProfile qidi("Qidi");
+    qidi.name = "Qidi";
+    VendorProfile::PrinterModel model;
+    model.model_id = "Qidi-Q1Pro";
+    model.name = "Qidi Q1 Pro";
+    qidi.models.push_back(model);
+    bundle.vendors.emplace(qidi.id, qidi);
+
+    CHECK(bundle.get_printer_model_display_name("Qidi-Q1Pro") == "Qidi Q1 Pro");
+    CHECK(bundle.get_printer_model_display_name("unknown-model").empty());
+}
+
 
 namespace {
 
@@ -5482,3 +5497,35 @@ TEST_CASE("Config import confines zip entries, preset names and bundle ids to th
         CHECK_FALSE(any_filename_contains(temp_dir.path(), "bundle-escape"));
     }
 }
+
+// OrcaSonar and the Qidi Box report a material type but no slicer preset id.
+// The Orca agent's AMS sync path fills one with filament_id_by_type, whose
+// modifier stripping ("PETG Basic" -> the PETG family) this locks in.
+TEST_CASE("filament_id_by_type resolves a modifier type to its generic family", "[Preset][Filament]")
+{
+    PresetBundle bundle;
+
+    Preset &pla = add_inmemory_preset(bundle.filaments, "Generic PLA @System");
+    pla.is_system     = true;
+    pla.is_visible    = true;
+    pla.is_compatible = true;
+    pla.filament_id   = "GFL99";
+    pla.config.option<ConfigOptionStrings>("filament_type")->values = {"PLA"};
+
+    Preset &petg = add_inmemory_preset(bundle.filaments, "Generic PETG @System");
+    petg.is_system     = true;
+    petg.is_visible    = true;
+    petg.is_compatible = true;
+    petg.filament_id   = "GFG99";
+    petg.config.option<ConfigOptionStrings>("filament_type")->values = {"PETG"};
+
+    CHECK(bundle.filaments.filament_id_by_type("PETG Basic") == "GFG99");
+    CHECK(bundle.filaments.filament_id_by_type("PLA") == "GFL99");
+
+    // The strict overload reports no match instead of binding a fallback.
+    std::string out = "unchanged";
+    CHECK_FALSE(bundle.filaments.filament_id_by_type("Kevlar", out));
+    CHECK(out == "unchanged");
+    CHECK(bundle.filaments.filament_id_by_type("PETG Basic", out));
+    CHECK(out == "GFG99");
+}

tests/slic3rutils/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -6,6 +6,8 @@ add_executable(${_TEST_NAME}_tests
     test_dev_mapping.cpp
     test_filament_bitmap_utils.cpp
     test_device_progress.cpp
+    test_device_manager.cpp
+    test_ams_item.cpp
     test_device_manager_integration.cpp
     test_web_media_controller.cpp
     test_network_versions.cpp

tests/slic3rutils/test_ams_item.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+// why: match the GUI include order to avoid rpcndr.h byte/std::byte
+// ambiguity in the Windows COM headers.
+#ifdef WIN32
+    #ifndef WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN
+        #define WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN
+    #endif
+    #ifndef NOMINMAX
+        #define NOMINMAX
+    #endif
+    #include <Windows.h>
+#endif
+
+#include <catch2/catch_all.hpp>
+
+#include <wx/timer.h>
+
+#include "slic3r/GUI/Widgets/AMSItem.hpp"
+#include "slic3r/GUI/DeviceCore/DevFilaSystem.h"
+
+using namespace Slic3r;
+using namespace Slic3r::GUI;
+
+TEST_CASE("Configured empty and partial AMS trays remain distinct from unknown trays", "[AMSItem]")
+{
+    MachineObject machine(nullptr, nullptr, "test", "test-device", "127.0.0.1");
+    machine.printer_agent_id = "orca";
+
+    machine.parse_json("lan", R"({"print":{"command":"push_status","msg":0,"ams":{
+        "ams_exist_bits":"1","tray_exist_bits":"7","ams":[
+            {"id":"0","info":"0001","tray":[
+                {"id":"0","tag_uid":"0000000000000000","tray_info_idx":"","tray_type":"","tray_color":"00000000"},
+                {"id":"1"},
+                {"id":"2","tag_uid":"0000000000000000","tray_info_idx":"","tray_type":"PLA","tray_color":"FF0000FF"}
+            ]}
+        ]
+    }}})", false);
+
+    const auto& ams_list = machine.GetFilaSystem()->GetAmsList();
+    const auto ams_it = ams_list.find("0");
+    REQUIRE(ams_it != ams_list.end());
+    auto* ams = ams_it->second;
+    REQUIRE(ams != nullptr);
+    REQUIRE(ams->GetTray("0") != nullptr);
+    CHECK(ams->GetTray("0")->is_exists);
+    AMSinfo info;
+    REQUIRE(info.parse_ams_info(&machine, ams));
+    REQUIRE(info.cans.size() == 3);
+
+    CHECK(info.cans[0].is_empty);
+    CHECK(info.cans[0].material_state == AMSCanType::AMS_CAN_TYPE_THIRDBRAND);
+    CHECK_FALSE(info.cans[1].is_empty);
+    CHECK(info.cans[1].material_state == AMSCanType::AMS_CAN_TYPE_THIRDBRAND);
+    CHECK_FALSE(info.cans[2].is_empty);
+    CHECK(info.cans[2].material_state == AMSCanType::AMS_CAN_TYPE_THIRDBRAND);
+}
+
+TEST_CASE("Empty external slots remain distinct from unknown slots", "[AMSItem]")
+{
+    MachineObject machine(nullptr, nullptr, "test", "test-device", "127.0.0.1");
+    machine.printer_agent_id = "orca";
+
+    machine.parse_json("lan", R"({"print":{"command":"push_status","msg":0,"vir_slot":[
+        {"id":"255","tag_uid":"0000000000000000","tray_info_idx":"","tray_type":"","tray_color":"00000000"},
+        {"id":"254"}
+    ]}})", false);
+
+    REQUIRE(machine.vt_slot.size() == 2);
+    CHECK(machine.vt_slot[0].is_exists);
+    AMSinfo empty_info;
+    empty_info.parse_ext_info(&machine, machine.vt_slot[0]);
+    CHECK(empty_info.cans[0].is_empty);
+    CHECK(empty_info.cans[0].material_state == AMSCanType::AMS_CAN_TYPE_VIRTUAL);
+
+    AMSinfo unknown_info;
+    unknown_info.parse_ext_info(&machine, machine.vt_slot[1]);
+    CHECK_FALSE(unknown_info.cans[0].is_empty);
+    CHECK(unknown_info.cans[0].material_state == AMSCanType::AMS_CAN_TYPE_VIRTUAL);
+}

tests/slic3rutils/test_device_manager.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,354 @@
+// why: match the GUI include order to avoid rpcndr.h byte/std::byte
+// ambiguity in the Windows COM headers.
+// why: wx/timer.h must precede DeviceManager.hpp because
+// DeviceErrorDialog.hpp uses wxTimerEvent.
+#ifdef WIN32
+    #ifndef WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN
+        #define WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN
+    #endif
+    #ifndef NOMINMAX
+        #define NOMINMAX
+    #endif
+    #include <Windows.h>
+#endif
+
+#include <catch2/catch_all.hpp>
+
+#include <stdexcept>
+
+#include <wx/timer.h>
+
+#include "slic3r/GUI/DeviceManager.hpp"
+#include "slic3r/GUI/DeviceCore/DevFilaSystem.h"
+
+#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
+
+using json = nlohmann::json;
+using namespace Slic3r;
+
+// Bambu virtual trays follow full-snapshot removals; Orca virtual trays are
+// retained after first observation until reconnect.
+
+// Contract: an authoritative empty vir_slot ([] = "known, no virtual slots")
+// clears the seeded virtual trays. The consumers were guarded so an empty
+// vector is safe.
+TEST_CASE("An empty vir_slot clears the virtual trays", "[DeviceManager]")
+{
+    MachineObject machine(nullptr, nullptr, "test", "test-device", "127.0.0.1");
+    machine.printer_agent_id = "bbl";
+    REQUIRE(machine.vt_slot.size() == 1);
+    REQUIRE(machine.vt_slot[0].id == "255");
+
+    machine.parse_json("lan", R"({"print":{"command":"push_status","vir_slot":[]}})", false);
+
+    CHECK(machine.vt_slot.empty());
+    CHECK_FALSE(machine.ams_support_virtual_tray);
+}
+
+// A frame that omits vir_slot must leave the seeded virtual tray untouched.
+TEST_CASE("A missing vir_slot keeps the virtual trays", "[DeviceManager]")
+{
+    MachineObject machine(nullptr, nullptr, "test", "test-device", "127.0.0.1");
+    machine.printer_agent_id = "bbl";
+    REQUIRE(machine.vt_slot.size() == 1);
+
+    machine.parse_json("lan", R"({"print":{"command":"push_status"}})", false);
+
+    CHECK(machine.vt_slot.size() == 1);
+    CHECK(machine.ams_support_virtual_tray);
+}
+
+// Repopulating after a clear must not rely on the constructor's seed, and must
+// re-enable virtual-tray support even though the clear turned the flag off.
+TEST_CASE("Virtual trays repopulate after an authoritative clear", "[DeviceManager]")
+{
+    MachineObject machine(nullptr, nullptr, "test", "test-device", "127.0.0.1");
+    machine.printer_agent_id = "bbl";
+
+    machine.parse_json("lan", R"({"print":{"command":"push_status","vir_slot":[]}})", false);
+    REQUIRE(machine.vt_slot.empty());
+    REQUIRE_FALSE(machine.ams_support_virtual_tray);
+
+    machine.parse_json("lan", R"({"print":{"command":"push_status","vir_slot":[{"id":"255"},{"id":"254"}]}})", false);
+
+    REQUIRE(machine.vt_slot.size() == 2);
+    CHECK(machine.vt_slot[0].id == "255");
+    CHECK(machine.vt_slot[1].id == "254");
+    CHECK(machine.ams_support_virtual_tray);
+}
+
+// A deputy with no main is not an index-1 write into an empty vector.
+TEST_CASE("An orphan deputy virtual tray is dropped, not indexed", "[DeviceManager]")
+{
+    MachineObject machine(nullptr, nullptr, "test", "test-device", "127.0.0.1");
+    machine.printer_agent_id = "bbl";
+
+    machine.parse_json("lan", R"({"print":{"command":"push_status","vir_slot":[]}})", false);
+    REQUIRE(machine.vt_slot.empty());
+
+    machine.parse_json("lan", R"({"print":{"command":"push_status","vir_slot":[{"id":"254"}]}})", false);
+
+    CHECK(machine.vt_slot.empty());
+}
+
+// OrcaSonar emits a virtual slot only when the layout has it, so it counts as
+// present even with no filament: the user's configuration wins.
+TEST_CASE("A configured vir_slot is present even with no material", "[DeviceManager]")
+{
+    MachineObject machine(nullptr, nullptr, "test", "test-device", "127.0.0.1");
+    machine.printer_agent_id = "orca";
+
+    machine.parse_json("lan", R"({"print":{"command":"push_status","vir_slot":[{"id":"255"},{"id":"254"}]}})", false);
+
+    REQUIRE(machine.vt_slot.size() == 2);
+    CHECK(machine.vt_slot[0].is_exists);
+    CHECK(machine.vt_slot[1].is_exists);
+}
+
+// A full vir_slot snapshot is authoritative: an id it omits is removed, so a
+// tool-count shrink does not leave a stale deputy tray.
+TEST_CASE("A populated vir_slot prunes virtual trays it omits", "[DeviceManager]")
+{
+    MachineObject machine(nullptr, nullptr, "test", "test-device", "127.0.0.1");
+    machine.printer_agent_id = "bbl";
+
+    machine.parse_json("lan", R"({"print":{"command":"push_status","vir_slot":[{"id":"255"},{"id":"254"}]}})", false);
+    REQUIRE(machine.vt_slot.size() == 2);
+
+    machine.parse_json("lan", R"({"print":{"command":"push_status","vir_slot":[{"id":"255"}]}})", false);
+
+    REQUIRE(machine.vt_slot.size() == 1);
+    CHECK(machine.vt_slot[0].id == "255");
+}
+
+// A delta frame (msg=1) is not authoritative for removals: an entry it omits
+// stays held, and an entry it names is updated in place (spec §7.3).
+TEST_CASE("A delta vir_slot does not prune virtual trays it omits", "[DeviceManager]")
+{
+    MachineObject machine(nullptr, nullptr, "test", "test-device", "127.0.0.1");
+    machine.printer_agent_id = "bbl";
+
+    machine.parse_json("lan", R"({"print":{"command":"push_status","msg":0,"vir_slot":[{"id":"255"},{"id":"254"}]}})", false);
+    REQUIRE(machine.vt_slot.size() == 2);
+
+    // Delta names only the deputy: the main must survive, the deputy updates.
+    machine.parse_json("lan", R"({"print":{"command":"push_status","msg":1,"vir_slot":[{"id":"254","tag_uid":"ABCDEF0123456789"}]}})", false);
+
+    REQUIRE(machine.vt_slot.size() == 2);
+    CHECK(machine.vt_slot[0].id == "255");
+    CHECK(machine.vt_slot[1].id == "254");
+    CHECK(machine.vt_slot[1].tag_uid == "ABCDEF0123456789");
+}
+
+// An empty delta is not authoritative and must preserve the known layout.
+TEST_CASE("An empty delta vir_slot keeps the virtual trays", "[DeviceManager]")
+{
+    MachineObject machine(nullptr, nullptr, "test", "test-device", "127.0.0.1");
+    machine.printer_agent_id = "bbl";
+
+    machine.parse_json("lan", R"({"print":{"command":"push_status","msg":0,"vir_slot":[{"id":"255"},{"id":"254"}]}})", false);
+    REQUIRE(machine.vt_slot.size() == 2);
+
+    machine.parse_json("lan", R"({"print":{"command":"push_status","msg":1,"vir_slot":[]}})", false);
+
+    REQUIRE(machine.vt_slot.size() == 2);
+    CHECK(machine.vt_slot[0].id == "255");
+    CHECK(machine.vt_slot[1].id == "254");
+    CHECK(machine.ams_support_virtual_tray);
+}
+
+TEST_CASE("Orca retains seen virtual trays across full snapshots", "[DeviceManager]")
+{
+    MachineObject machine(nullptr, nullptr, "test", "test-device", "127.0.0.1");
+    machine.printer_agent_id = "orca";
+
+    machine.parse_json("lan", R"({"print":{"command":"push_status","msg":0,"vir_slot":[{"id":"255"},{"id":"254"}]}})", false);
+    REQUIRE(machine.vt_slot.size() == 2);
+
+    machine.parse_json("lan", R"({"print":{"command":"push_status","msg":0,"vir_slot":[{"id":"255","tag_uid":"0123456789ABCDEF"}]}})", false);
+    REQUIRE(machine.vt_slot.size() == 2);
+    CHECK(machine.vt_slot[0].tag_uid == "0123456789ABCDEF");
+    CHECK(machine.vt_slot[1].id == "254");
+
+    machine.parse_json("lan", R"({"print":{"command":"push_status","msg":0,"vir_slot":[]}})", false);
+    REQUIRE(machine.vt_slot.size() == 2);
+    CHECK(machine.vt_slot[0].id == "255");
+    CHECK(machine.vt_slot[1].id == "254");
+    CHECK(machine.ams_support_virtual_tray);
+
+    machine.parse_json("lan", R"({"print":{"command":"push_status","msg":0}})", false);
+    CHECK(machine.vt_slot.size() == 2);
+}
+
+TEST_CASE("Orca forgets retained virtual trays at reconnect", "[DeviceManager]")
+{
+    MachineObject machine(nullptr, nullptr, "test", "test-device", "127.0.0.1");
+    machine.printer_agent_id = "orca";
+    machine.parse_json("lan", R"({"print":{"command":"push_status","msg":0,"vir_slot":[{"id":"255"},{"id":"254"}]}})", false);
+    REQUIRE(machine.vt_slot.size() == 2);
+
+    machine.reset_orca_virtual_trays_for_reconnect();
+    REQUIRE(machine.vt_slot.size() == 1);
+    CHECK(machine.vt_slot[0].id == "255");
+
+    machine.parse_json("lan", R"({"print":{"command":"push_status","msg":0,"vir_slot":[]}})", false);
+    CHECK(machine.vt_slot.empty());
+    CHECK_FALSE(machine.ams_support_virtual_tray);
+}
+
+TEST_CASE("Orca stores a deputy virtual tray at its stable index", "[DeviceManager]")
+{
+    MachineObject machine(nullptr, nullptr, "test", "test-device", "127.0.0.1");
+    machine.printer_agent_id = "orca";
+
+    machine.parse_json("lan", R"({"print":{"command":"push_status","msg":0,"vir_slot":[{"id":"254"}]}})", false);
+
+    REQUIRE(machine.vt_slot.size() == 2);
+    CHECK(machine.vt_slot[0].id == "255");
+    CHECK_FALSE(machine.vt_slot[0].is_exists);
+    CHECK(machine.vt_slot[1].id == "254");
+    CHECK(machine.vt_slot[1].is_exists);
+}
+
+TEST_CASE("Capability flags parse without a DeviceManager", "[DeviceManager]")
+{
+    MachineObject machine(nullptr, nullptr, "test", "test-device", "127.0.0.1");
+
+    machine.parse_json("lan",
+        R"({"info":{"command":"get_capabilities","capabilities":{"flags":{"support_tunnel_mqtt":true}}}})", false);
+
+    CHECK(machine.is_support_tunnel_mqtt);
+}
+
+// A filament setting landing on the virtual tray also marks it present.
+TEST_CASE("A virtual tray setting marks the tray present", "[DeviceManager]")
+{
+    MachineObject machine(nullptr, nullptr, "test", "test-device", "127.0.0.1");
+
+    machine.parse_json("lan", R"({"print":{"command":"push_status","vir_slot":[{"id":"255"}]}})", false);
+    REQUIRE(machine.vt_slot.size() == 1);
+    machine.vt_slot[0].is_exists = false;
+
+    machine.parse_json("lan", R"({"print":{"command":"ams_filament_setting","ams_id":255,"tray_id":255,"tray_color":"FF0000FF","tray_type":"PLA","tray_info_idx":"GFA00","nozzle_temp_min":190,"nozzle_temp_max":230}})", false);
+
+    CHECK(machine.vt_slot[0].is_exists);
+}
+
+// acks that target the virtual tray must survive an emptied vt_slot.
+TEST_CASE("Virtual tray acks are safe with no virtual tray", "[DeviceManager]")
+{
+    MachineObject machine(nullptr, nullptr, "test", "test-device", "127.0.0.1");
+
+    machine.parse_json("lan", R"({"print":{"command":"push_status","vir_slot":[]}})", false);
+    REQUIRE(machine.vt_slot.empty());
+
+    machine.parse_json("lan", R"({"print":{"command":"ams_filament_setting","ams_id":255,"tray_id":255}})", false);
+    machine.parse_json("lan", R"({"print":{"command":"extrusion_cali_set","tray_id":255,"k_value":0.02}})", false);
+
+    CHECK(machine.vt_slot.empty());
+}
+
+// Only Bambu's own agent treats a non-zero tag_uid as an RFID lock; agent-managed
+// printers send it as metadata and must keep their trays editable.
+TEST_CASE("Only the BBL agent is RFID-locking", "[DeviceManager]")
+{
+    MachineObject machine(nullptr, nullptr, "test", "test-device", "127.0.0.1");
+
+    machine.printer_agent_id = "bbl";
+    CHECK(machine.is_bbl_agent());
+    CHECK_FALSE(machine.is_orca_agent());
+
+    machine.printer_agent_id = "orca";
+    CHECK_FALSE(machine.is_bbl_agent());
+    CHECK(machine.is_orca_agent());
+
+    machine.printer_agent_id = "";
+    CHECK(machine.is_bbl_agent());
+}
+
+// An OPCP error ack carries result "fail" and a reason; a success ack (or one
+// without result) must not be mistaken for a failure.
+TEST_CASE("AMS filament setting acks expose OPCP failures", "[DeviceManager]")
+{
+    std::string reason;
+
+    const json failure = json::parse(R"({"result":"fail","errno":-19,"reason":"unknown slot"})");
+    CHECK(MachineObject::ams_filament_ack_failed(failure, reason));
+    CHECK(reason == "unknown slot");
+
+    reason = "stale";
+    const json success = json::parse(R"({"result":"success","errno":0})");
+    CHECK_FALSE(MachineObject::ams_filament_ack_failed(success, reason));
+    CHECK(reason.empty());
+
+    const json plain = json::parse(R"({"ams_id":1,"tray_id":2})");
+    CHECK_FALSE(MachineObject::ams_filament_ack_failed(plain, reason));
+}
+
+TEST_CASE("AMS filament acknowledgements report native sync state", "[DeviceManager]")
+{
+    CHECK(MachineObject::ams_filament_native_sync_pending(json::parse(R"({"native_sync":"pending"})")));
+    CHECK_FALSE(MachineObject::ams_filament_native_sync_pending(json::parse(R"({"native_sync":"applied"})")));
+    CHECK(MachineObject::ams_filament_connector_only(json::parse(R"({"native_sync":"connector_only"})")));
+    CHECK_FALSE(MachineObject::ams_filament_connector_only(json::parse(R"({"native_sync":"not_applicable"})")));
+}
+
+// Every tray field in the echo is optional: an unguarded get would throw
+// type_error into parse_json's frame-wide catch and drop the rest of the push.
+TEST_CASE("A slim AMS filament acknowledgement leaves the tray untouched", "[DeviceManager]")
+{
+    DevAmsTray tray("0");
+    tray.color          = "FF0000FF";
+    tray.nozzle_temp_min = "190";
+    tray.m_fila_type    = "PLA";
+
+    CHECK_NOTHROW(MachineObject::fill_ams_filament_ack_tray(
+        tray, json::parse(R"({"command":"ams_filament_setting","result":"success","errno":0})")));
+    CHECK(tray.color == "FF0000FF");
+    CHECK(tray.nozzle_temp_min == "190");
+    CHECK(tray.m_fila_type == "PLA");
+
+    CHECK_NOTHROW(MachineObject::fill_ams_filament_ack_tray(
+        tray, json::parse(R"({"tray_color":"0000FFFF","tray_type":"ABS","tray_info_idx":"GFA01","nozzle_temp_min":210,"nozzle_temp_max":240})")));
+    CHECK(tray.color == "0000FFFF");
+    CHECK(tray.setting_id == "GFA01");
+    CHECK(tray.nozzle_temp_min == "210");
+    CHECK(tray.nozzle_temp_max == "240");
+    CHECK(tray.m_fila_type == "ABS");
+}
+
+// An echo that carries no tray fields at all must leave the frame alive: the
+// frame-wide catch would silently swallow every later message in the push.
+TEST_CASE("An AMS filament acknowledgement without tray fields does not abort the frame", "[DeviceManager]")
+{
+    MachineObject machine(nullptr, nullptr, "test", "test-device", "127.0.0.1");
+
+    const json ams = json::parse(R"({"ams":{"tray_exist_bits":"1","ams":[
+        { "id": "0", "info": "00000001", "tray": [ { "id": "0" } ] } ]}})");
+    DevFilaSystemParser::ParseV1_0(ams, &machine, machine.GetFilaSystem().get(), false);
+    REQUIRE(machine.GetFilaSystem()->GetAmsTray("0", "0") != nullptr);
+
+    CHECK_NOTHROW(machine.parse_json("lan", R"({"print":{"command":"ams_filament_setting","result":"success","errno":0,"ams_id":0,"tray_id":0}})", false));
+
+    const DevAmsTray* tray = machine.GetFilaSystem()->GetAmsTray("0", "0");
+    REQUIRE(tray != nullptr);
+    CHECK(tray->color.empty());
+}
+
+// An ack that targets a tray but omits tray_id must not abort the frame: it
+// falls back to slot 0 instead of an unguarded get on a missing key.
+TEST_CASE("An AMS filament ack without a tray_id targets slot 0", "[DeviceManager]")
+{
+    MachineObject machine(nullptr, nullptr, "test", "test-device", "127.0.0.1");
+
+    const json ams = json::parse(R"({"ams":{"tray_exist_bits":"1","ams":[
+        { "id": "0", "info": "00000001", "tray": [ { "id": "0" } ] } ]}})");
+    DevFilaSystemParser::ParseV1_0(ams, &machine, machine.GetFilaSystem().get(), false);
+    REQUIRE(machine.GetFilaSystem()->GetAmsTray("0", "0") != nullptr);
+
+    CHECK_NOTHROW(machine.parse_json("lan", R"({"print":{"command":"ams_filament_setting","ams_id":0,"tray_color":"FF0000FF","tray_type":"PLA","tray_info_idx":"GFA00","nozzle_temp_min":190,"nozzle_temp_max":230}})", false));
+
+    const DevAmsTray* tray = machine.GetFilaSystem()->GetAmsTray("0", "0");
+    REQUIRE(tray != nullptr);
+    CHECK(tray->color == "FF0000FF");
+}

tests/slic3rutils/test_device_progress.cpp

@@ -139,3 +139,5 @@ TEST_CASE("Zero progress replaces active shared progress", "[DeviceManager][Prog
     REQUIRE(machine.mc_print_percent == 0);
     CHECK(current_subtask->task_progress == 0);
 }
+
+

tests/slic3rutils/test_orca_printer_agent.cpp

@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
 #include <catch2/catch_test_macros.hpp>
+#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
+#include <slic3r/Utils/AmsPayload.hpp>
 #include <slic3r/Utils/IPrinterAgent.hpp>
 #include <slic3r/Utils/OrcaCloudServiceAgent.hpp>
 #include <slic3r/Utils/OrcaPrinterAgent.hpp>
@@ -47,7 +49,7 @@ TEST_CASE("OrcaPrinterAgent stamps the get_capabilities nozzle diameter onto pus
     // is cached for the device.
     agent.deliver_to_sink(
         "dev-1",
-        R"({"info":{"command":"get_capabilities","capabilities":{"topology":{"tools":[{"id":"T0","nozzle":{"diameter_mm":0.4}}]}}}})",
+        R"({"info":{"command":"get_capabilities","capabilities":{"topology":{"tools":[{"id":"T0","nozzle":{"diameter_mm":0.4}}]},"protocol":{"ams_ops":["change_filament"]}}}})",
         /*local=*/false);
     CHECK(last_payload.find("\"command\":\"get_capabilities\"") != std::string::npos);
     CHECK(last_payload.find("\"print\"") == std::string::npos);
@@ -66,6 +68,14 @@ TEST_CASE("OrcaPrinterAgent stamps the get_capabilities nozzle diameter onto pus
     agent.deliver_to_sink("dev-1", R"({"print":{"command":"push_status","nozzle_diameter":0.6}})", /*local=*/false);
     CHECK(last_payload.find("\"nozzle_diameter\":0.6") != std::string::npos);
     CHECK(last_payload.find("N/A") == std::string::npos);
+
+    // The reply's declared ams_ops register on the device (OPCP §7.8): the one
+    // declared op passes the client gate, an undeclared one is rejected.
+    bool unsupported = false;
+    OrcaPrinterAgent::canonicalize_ams_payload("dev-1", R"({"print":{"command":"ams_change_filament","target":1}})", &unsupported);
+    CHECK_FALSE(unsupported);
+    OrcaPrinterAgent::canonicalize_ams_payload("dev-1", R"({"print":{"command":"ams_control","param":"pause"}})", &unsupported);
+    CHECK(unsupported);
 }
 
 TEST_CASE("OrcaPrinterAgent::parse_lan_endpoint", "[OrcaPrinterAgent]") {
@@ -87,7 +97,7 @@ TEST_CASE("OrcaPrinterAgent::make_lan_client_id is stable and prefixed", "[OrcaP
 TEST_CASE("connect_printer wires up a LAN Config", "[OrcaPrinterAgent][.integration]") {
     Probe agent("/tmp");
     Slic3r::PrinterConnectionParams params{
-        "dev-1", "10.255.255.1", "orcasonar", "code", "", false, ""
+        "dev-1", "10.255.255.1", "", "orcasonar", "code", false, ""
     };
     const int rc = agent.connect_printer(params);
     CHECK(rc == BAMBU_NETWORK_SUCCESS);
@@ -96,6 +106,94 @@ TEST_CASE("connect_printer wires up a LAN Config", "[OrcaPrinterAgent][.integrat
     agent.disconnect_printer();
 }
 
+// why hidden: connect_printer starts a detached connect worker, like the LAN
+// test above. The sync mode follows the printer's own AMS capability, not the
+// transport: a connected printer stays `none` until its get_capabilities reply
+// declares a material system. The registry is process-wide, so this test uses
+// ids no other test feeds capabilities for.
+TEST_CASE("filament sync follows the printer's AMS capability", "[OrcaPrinterAgent][.integration]") {
+    Probe agent("/tmp");
+    CHECK(agent.get_filament_sync_mode() == Slic3r::FilamentSyncMode::none);
+
+    REQUIRE(agent.connect_printer(Slic3r::PrinterConnectionParams{
+        "dev-ams-1", "10.255.255.1", "", "orcasonar", "code", false, ""
+    }) == BAMBU_NETWORK_SUCCESS);
+    // Connected, but no capability reply yet: still none.
+    CHECK(agent.get_filament_sync_mode() == Slic3r::FilamentSyncMode::none);
+
+    // features.fms=true is the authoritative material-system flag.
+    agent.deliver_to_sink("dev-ams-1",
+        R"({"info":{"command":"get_capabilities","capabilities":{"protocol":{"features":{"fms":true},"ams_ops":["change_filament"]}}}})",
+        /*local=*/true);
+    CHECK(agent.get_filament_sync_mode() == Slic3r::FilamentSyncMode::subscription);
+
+    // An explicit false clears it again.
+    agent.deliver_to_sink("dev-ams-1",
+        R"({"info":{"command":"get_capabilities","capabilities":{"protocol":{"features":{"fms":false}}}}})",
+        /*local=*/true);
+    CHECK(agent.get_filament_sync_mode() == Slic3r::FilamentSyncMode::none);
+
+    // filament_slots alone enables sync: a standalone printer with no material
+    // system still has slots (REQ-FMS-001).
+    agent.deliver_to_sink("dev-ams-1",
+        R"({"info":{"command":"get_capabilities","capabilities":{"protocol":{"features":{"fms":false,"filament_slots":true}}}}})",
+        /*local=*/true);
+    CHECK(agent.get_filament_sync_mode() == Slic3r::FilamentSyncMode::subscription);
+
+    // Older payloads without features.fms fall back to a non-empty ams_ops.
+    agent.deliver_to_sink("dev-ams-1",
+        R"({"info":{"command":"get_capabilities","capabilities":{"protocol":{"ams_ops":["change_filament"]}}}})",
+        /*local=*/true);
+    CHECK(agent.get_filament_sync_mode() == Slic3r::FilamentSyncMode::subscription);
+
+    // A reply without a protocol block is not a capabilities answer: it is
+    // ignored, so a transient malformed reply cannot gate every write. The
+    // ams_ops fallback above still holds.
+    agent.deliver_to_sink("dev-ams-1",
+        R"({"info":{"command":"get_capabilities","capabilities":{}}})",
+        /*local=*/true);
+    CHECK(agent.get_filament_sync_mode() == Slic3r::FilamentSyncMode::subscription);
+
+    // Disconnecting forgets the declaration rather than letting it go stale.
+    agent.disconnect_printer();
+    CHECK(agent.get_filament_sync_mode() == Slic3r::FilamentSyncMode::none);
+}
+
+// OrcaSonar's contract: an absent ams_ops key means "no AMS controls" (app.go
+// omits it when no driver declares a write op; Qidi is the shipped example).
+// Answering get_capabilities without it must gate every AMS write client-side,
+// not fall back to the base default's "no record -> never gate".
+TEST_CASE("a capability reply without ams_ops gates AMS writes", "[OrcaPrinterAgent]") {
+    Probe agent("/tmp");
+    agent.deliver_to_sink("dev-noops",
+        R"({"info":{"command":"get_capabilities","capabilities":{"protocol":{"features":{"fms":true}}}}})",
+        /*local=*/true);
+
+    bool unsupported = false;
+    OrcaPrinterAgent::canonicalize_ams_payload(
+        "dev-noops",
+        R"({"print":{"command":"ams_change_filament","target":0,"slot_id":0,"ams_id":0}})",
+        &unsupported);
+    CHECK(unsupported);
+}
+
+// A malformed get_capabilities reply must be ignored, not read as "no
+// capabilities": doing so would set ops_known with an empty set and gate every
+// AMS write until a good reply arrives.
+TEST_CASE("a malformed capability reply does not gate AMS writes", "[OrcaPrinterAgent]") {
+    Probe agent("/tmp");
+    agent.deliver_to_sink("dev-malformed",
+        R"({"info":{"command":"get_capabilities","capabilities":{"protocol":{"ams_ops":["change_filament"]}}}})",
+        /*local=*/true);
+    CHECK(Slic3r::ams_op_supported("dev-malformed", "change_filament"));
+
+    agent.deliver_to_sink("dev-malformed",
+        R"({"info":{"command":"get_capabilities","capabilities":{}}})",
+        /*local=*/true);
+    // The malformed reply changed nothing, rather than clearing the op set.
+    CHECK(Slic3r::ams_op_supported("dev-malformed", "change_filament"));
+}
+
 TEST_CASE("post-connect sequence is subscribe then 4 requests in order", "[OrcaPrinterAgent]") {
     struct SeqProbe : OrcaPrinterAgent {
         using OrcaPrinterAgent::OrcaPrinterAgent;
@@ -178,7 +276,7 @@ TEST_CASE("send_message_to_printer publishes on the LAN connection", "[OrcaPrint
     orca_mqtt_test::MockBroker broker;
     OrcaPrinterAgent agent("/tmp");
     const auto ep = broker.host_port();
-    agent.connect_printer(Slic3r::PrinterConnectionParams{"dev-1", ep.first + ":" + ep.second, "orcasonar", "code", "", false, ""});
+    agent.connect_printer(Slic3r::PrinterConnectionParams{"dev-1", ep.first + ":" + ep.second, "", "orcasonar", "code", false, ""});
 
     for (int i = 0; i < 150 && broker.connect_count() == 0; ++i)
         std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(20));
@@ -201,8 +299,357 @@ TEST_CASE("send_message_to_printer publishes on the LAN connection", "[OrcaPrint
 TEST_CASE("destroying an agent mid-connect does not hang or crash", "[OrcaPrinterAgent]") {
     for (int i = 0; i < 20; ++i) {
         auto agent = std::make_unique<OrcaPrinterAgent>("/tmp");
-        agent->connect_printer(Slic3r::PrinterConnectionParams{"dev-1", "127.0.0.1:1", "orcasonar", "code", "", false, ""});  // nothing listening: instant ECONNREFUSED
+        agent->connect_printer(Slic3r::PrinterConnectionParams{"dev-1", "127.0.0.1:1", "", "orcasonar", "code", false, ""});  // nothing listening: instant ECONNREFUSED
         agent.reset();   // ~OrcaPrinterAgent must stop the conn, join the thread, and not hang/crash
     }
     SUCCEED();
 }
+
+// OPCP spec §7.8: Bambu wire conventions must be decoded at the agent funnel,
+// never smuggled through as numeric lanes (an external-spool select once read
+// as slot_id=0 and physically loaded gate 0).
+TEST_CASE("OrcaPrinterAgent rewrites Bambu ams_* payloads onto the canonical OrcaSonar bodies", "[OrcaPrinterAgent]") {
+    auto canon = [](const std::string& dev, const std::string& in, bool* unsupported = nullptr) {
+        bool local = false;
+        return OrcaPrinterAgent::canonicalize_ams_payload(dev, in, unsupported ? unsupported : &local);
+    };
+
+    auto out = nlohmann::json::parse(canon("dev-c1",
+        R"({"print":{"command":"ams_change_filament","sequence_id":"1","target":5,"slot_id":1,"ams_id":1,"curr_temp":210,"tar_temp":220}})"));
+    CHECK(out["print"]["selector"] == "lane");
+    // Coordinates are the resolver's own form; target (a BBL tray id) is dropped.
+    CHECK(out["print"]["ams_id"] == 1);
+    CHECK(out["print"]["slot_id"] == 1);
+    CHECK(!out["print"].contains("lane"));
+    CHECK(!out["print"].contains("target"));
+    CHECK(out["print"]["tar_temp"] == 220);
+
+    // External slots retain their tool identity through the coordinate address.
+    out = nlohmann::json::parse(canon("dev-c1", R"({"print":{"command":"ams_change_filament","ams_id":255,"target":255,"slot_id":0}})"));
+    CHECK(out["print"]["selector"] == "lane");
+    CHECK(out["print"]["ams_id"] == 255);
+    CHECK(out["print"]["slot_id"] == 0);
+    CHECK(!out["print"].contains("lane"));
+    CHECK(!out["print"].contains("target"));
+    out = nlohmann::json::parse(canon("dev-c1", R"({"print":{"command":"ams_change_filament","ams_id":254,"target":254,"slot_id":0}})"));
+    CHECK(out["print"]["selector"] == "lane");
+    CHECK(out["print"]["ams_id"] == 254);
+
+    const std::string legacy_unload = R"({"print":{"command":"ams_change_filament","ams_id":0,"target":255,"slot_id":255}})";
+    CHECK(canon("dev-c1", legacy_unload) == legacy_unload);
+
+    // Target-only requests keep the legacy macro path.
+    const std::string target_only = R"({"print":{"command":"ams_change_filament","target":6}})";
+    CHECK(canon("dev-c1", target_only) == target_only);
+
+    // Box coordinates are forwarded unchanged: a fabricated flat lane would be
+    // the BBL tray id, which is not the layout lane for wide/sparse boxes.
+    out = nlohmann::json::parse(canon("dev-c1", R"({"print":{"command":"ams_filament_setting","ams_id":1,"slot_id":2,"tray_id":2,"tray_type":"PLA"}})"));
+    CHECK(out["print"]["ams_id"] == 1);
+    CHECK(out["print"]["slot_id"] == 2);
+    CHECK(!out["print"].contains("lane"));
+    CHECK(!out["print"].contains("tray_id"));
+    CHECK(out["print"]["tray_type"] == "PLA");
+
+    // tray_color is the one field this sync exists to carry: it must survive
+    // the funnel, both as a real color and as the empty-tray marker a reset
+    // sends.
+    out = nlohmann::json::parse(canon("dev-c1", R"({"print":{"command":"ams_filament_setting","ams_id":1,"slot_id":2,"tray_id":2,"tray_type":"PLA","tray_color":"00FF00FF","tray_info_idx":"GFL01"}})"));
+    CHECK(out["print"]["tray_color"] == "00FF00FF");
+    out = nlohmann::json::parse(canon("dev-c1", R"({"print":{"command":"ams_filament_setting","ams_id":1,"slot_id":2,"tray_id":2,"tray_type":"","tray_info_idx":"","tray_color":"00000000"}})"));
+    CHECK(out["print"]["tray_color"] == "00000000");
+    CHECK(out["print"]["tray_type"] == "");
+
+    // Wide-box dual form: both addressings resolve to one slot server-side.
+    out = nlohmann::json::parse(canon("dev-c1", R"({"print":{"command":"ams_filament_setting","ams_id":1,"slot_id":5,"tray_type":"PLA"}})"));
+    CHECK(out["print"]["ams_id"] == 1);
+    CHECK(out["print"]["slot_id"] == 5);
+    CHECK(!out["print"].contains("lane"));
+    out = nlohmann::json::parse(canon("dev-c1", R"({"print":{"command":"ams_filament_setting","ams_id":2,"slot_id":1,"tray_type":"PLA"}})"));
+    CHECK(out["print"]["ams_id"] == 2);
+    CHECK(out["print"]["slot_id"] == 1);
+
+    // A lane-only body must pass through untouched, never become lane = -5.
+    const std::string lane_only = R"({"print":{"command":"ams_filament_setting","lane":5,"tray_type":"PLA"}})";
+    CHECK(canon("dev-c1", lane_only) == lane_only);
+
+    // External/direct spool (Bambu 254/255): forwarded as the canonical
+    // ams_id address, never a fabricated lane (REQ-FMS-001).
+    out = nlohmann::json::parse(canon("dev-c1", R"({"print":{"command":"ams_filament_setting","ams_id":255,"slot_id":0,"tray_id":0,"tray_type":"PLA"}})"));
+    CHECK(out["print"]["ams_id"] == 255);
+    CHECK(out["print"]["slot_id"] == 0);
+    CHECK(!out["print"].contains("lane"));
+    CHECK(!out["print"].contains("tray_id"));
+
+    // Legacy RFID call shape (ams_id+slot_id, no tray_id) flattens to tray_id.
+    out = nlohmann::json::parse(canon("dev-c1", R"({"print":{"command":"ams_get_rfid","ams_id":1,"slot_id":2}})"));
+    CHECK(out["print"]["tray_id"] == 6);
+    CHECK(!out["print"].contains("ams_id"));
+
+    const std::string canonical = R"({"print":{"command":"ams_change_filament","selector":"lane","lane":3}})";
+    CHECK(canon("dev-c1", canonical) == canonical);
+    const std::string combined = R"({"print":{"command":"ams_change_filament","target":3,"selector":"lane","lane":3}})";
+    CHECK(canon("dev-c1", combined) == combined);
+    CHECK(canon("dev-c1", R"({"print":{"command":"pause"}})") == R"({"print":{"command":"pause"}})");
+    CHECK(canon("dev-c1", "not json at all") == "not json at all");
+
+    // A legacy unload still uses the legacy macro path, which is covered by
+    // change_filament; selector unload requires its own token.
+    Slic3r::register_ams_ops("dev-c2", {"change_filament"});
+    Slic3r::register_ams_capability("dev-c2", true);
+    bool unsupported = false;
+    canon("dev-c2", R"({"print":{"command":"ams_change_filament","target":255,"slot_id":255}})", &unsupported);
+    CHECK_FALSE(unsupported);
+    unsupported = false;
+    canon("dev-c2", R"({"print":{"command":"ams_control","param":"pause"}})", &unsupported);
+    CHECK(unsupported);
+    unsupported = false;
+    canon("dev-c2", R"({"print":{"command":"ams_change_filament","target":1}})", &unsupported);
+    CHECK(!unsupported);
+    // A selector-carrying canonical body is gated on its selector's op too.
+    unsupported = false;
+    canon("dev-c2", R"({"print":{"command":"ams_change_filament","selector":"lane","lane":1}})", &unsupported);
+    CHECK(!unsupported);
+    unsupported = false;
+    canon("dev-c2", R"({"print":{"command":"ams_change_filament","selector":"external"}})", &unsupported);
+    CHECK(unsupported);
+    unsupported = false;
+    canon("dev-c2", R"({"print":{"command":"ams_change_filament","target":254,"ams_id":254,"slot_id":0}})", &unsupported);
+    CHECK(unsupported);
+
+    // A lane can resolve to an external slot server-side (§7.8), so a device
+    // that declares only external still admits a canonical lane write.
+    Slic3r::register_ams_ops("dev-c4", {"external"});
+    Slic3r::register_ams_capability("dev-c4", true);
+    unsupported = false;
+    canon("dev-c4", R"({"print":{"command":"ams_change_filament","selector":"lane","lane":1}})", &unsupported);
+    CHECK(!unsupported);
+    unsupported = false;
+    canon("dev-c4", R"({"print":{"command":"ams_change_filament","selector":"lane","ams_id":0,"slot_id":0}})", &unsupported);
+    CHECK(unsupported);
+    unsupported = false;
+    canon("dev-c4", R"({"print":{"command":"ams_change_filament","selector":"lane","ams_id":254,"slot_id":0}})", &unsupported);
+    CHECK_FALSE(unsupported);
+    unsupported = false;
+    canon("dev-c4", R"({"print":{"command":"ams_change_filament","selector":"external"}})", &unsupported);
+    CHECK(!unsupported);
+    // Other selectors still gate on their own token.
+    unsupported = false;
+    canon("dev-c4", R"({"print":{"command":"ams_change_filament","selector":"unload"}})", &unsupported);
+    CHECK(unsupported);
+
+    // A device with no capabilities record is never gated (server backstops).
+    unsupported = false;
+    canon("dev-c3", R"({"print":{"command":"ams_user_setting","ams_id":0}})", &unsupported);
+    CHECK(!unsupported);
+}
+
+// filament_setting is advertised by filament_slots alone, independently of fms
+// and ams_ops (OPCP §7.8).
+TEST_CASE("filament slot writes remain independent of FMS", "[OrcaPrinterAgent]") {
+    Probe agent("/tmp");
+    agent.deliver_to_sink("dev-slots",
+        R"({"info":{"command":"get_capabilities","capabilities":{"protocol":{"features":{"fms":false,"filament_slots":true}}}}})",
+        /*local=*/true);
+
+    bool unsupported = false;
+    OrcaPrinterAgent::canonicalize_ams_payload(
+        "dev-slots",
+        R"({"print":{"command":"ams_filament_setting","ams_id":255,"slot_id":0,"tray_id":0,"tray_type":"PLA"}})",
+        &unsupported);
+    CHECK_FALSE(unsupported);
+
+    agent.deliver_to_sink("dev-slots",
+        R"({"info":{"command":"get_capabilities","capabilities":{"protocol":{"features":{"fms":false,"filament_slots":true},"ams_ops":["change_filament"]}}}}})",
+        /*local=*/true);
+    unsupported = false;
+    OrcaPrinterAgent::canonicalize_ams_payload(
+        "dev-slots",
+        R"({"print":{"command":"ams_change_filament","target":1,"slot_id":1,"ams_id":0}})",
+        &unsupported);
+    CHECK(unsupported);
+
+    agent.deliver_to_sink("dev-no-slots",
+        R"({"info":{"command":"get_capabilities","capabilities":{"protocol":{"features":{"fms":true,"filament_slots":false},"ams_ops":["filament_setting"]}}}})",
+        /*local=*/true);
+    unsupported = false;
+    OrcaPrinterAgent::canonicalize_ams_payload(
+        "dev-no-slots",
+        R"({"print":{"command":"ams_filament_setting","ams_id":0,"slot_id":0,"tray_type":"PLA"}})",
+        &unsupported);
+    CHECK(unsupported);
+}
+
+// A fixed-vocabulary printer publishes the values it can hold, so the dialog
+// offers only those: an exact type and its variants pass the filter, a material
+// the printer lacks does not. A free-form driver and an unanswered device stay
+// unconstrained.
+TEST_CASE("A printer publishes its filament metadata values", "[OrcaPrinterAgent]") {
+    Probe agent("/tmp");
+    agent.deliver_to_sink("dev-qidi",
+        R"({"info":{"command":"get_capabilities","capabilities":{"protocol":{
+            "filament_metadata":{"qidi_box":{"read":["material","color"],"write":["material","color"],
+            "values":{"material":["PLA","PETG"],"color":["FF0000FF","00FF00FF"]}}}}}}})",
+        /*local=*/true);
+
+    const Slic3r::FilamentMetadataValues values = Slic3r::filament_metadata_values("dev-qidi");
+    CHECK(values.constrained);
+    CHECK(values.materials.size() == 2);
+    CHECK(values.colors.size() == 2);
+
+    CHECK(Slic3r::filament_material_compatible("dev-qidi", "PLA"));
+    CHECK(Slic3r::filament_material_compatible("dev-qidi", "PETG"));
+    CHECK(Slic3r::filament_material_compatible("dev-qidi", "PLA+"));
+    CHECK_FALSE(Slic3r::filament_material_compatible("dev-qidi", "HIPS"));
+
+    CHECK(Slic3r::normalize_qidi_material_family("PCTG") == "PCTG");
+    CHECK(Slic3r::normalize_qidi_material_family("PPA") == "PPA");
+    CHECK(Slic3r::normalize_qidi_material_family("PLA-CF") == "PLA-CF");
+    CHECK(Slic3r::normalize_qidi_material_family("PA12-CF") == "PA");
+    CHECK(Slic3r::normalize_qidi_material_family("PC-ABS-FR") == "PC");
+
+    agent.deliver_to_sink("dev-qidi-polymer",
+        R"({"info":{"command":"get_capabilities","capabilities":{"protocol":{
+            "filament_metadata":{"qidi_box":{"read":["material","color"],"write":["material","color"],
+            "values":{"material":["PC","PA"],"color":["FF0000FF"]}}}}}}})",
+        /*local=*/true);
+    CHECK(Slic3r::filament_material_compatible("dev-qidi-polymer", "PC"));
+    CHECK(Slic3r::filament_material_compatible("dev-qidi-polymer", "PA Nylon"));
+    CHECK(Slic3r::filament_material_compatible("dev-qidi-polymer", "PA-CF"));
+    CHECK(Slic3r::filament_material_compatible("dev-qidi-polymer", "PA12-CF"));
+    CHECK(Slic3r::filament_material_compatible("dev-qidi-polymer", "PAHT-CF"));
+    CHECK(Slic3r::filament_material_compatible("dev-qidi-polymer", "PAHT-GF"));
+    CHECK(Slic3r::filament_material_compatible("dev-qidi-polymer", "PAHT-S"));
+    CHECK(Slic3r::filament_material_compatible("dev-qidi-polymer", "UltraPA"));
+    CHECK(Slic3r::filament_material_compatible("dev-qidi-polymer", "UltraPA-CF25"));
+    CHECK(Slic3r::filament_material_compatible("dev-qidi-polymer", "PC-ABS-FR"));
+    CHECK_FALSE(Slic3r::filament_material_compatible("dev-qidi-polymer", "PCTG"));
+    CHECK_FALSE(Slic3r::filament_material_compatible("dev-qidi-polymer", "PPA"));
+
+    agent.deliver_to_sink("dev-happyhare",
+        R"({"info":{"command":"get_capabilities","capabilities":{"protocol":{
+            "filament_metadata":{"happy_hare":{"read":["material","color"],"write":["material","color"]}}}}}})",
+        /*local=*/true);
+    CHECK_FALSE(Slic3r::filament_metadata_values("dev-happyhare").constrained);
+    CHECK(Slic3r::filament_material_compatible("dev-happyhare", "HIPS"));
+
+    CHECK(Slic3r::filament_material_compatible("dev-unanswered", "HIPS"));
+}
+
+TEST_CASE("An unknown lane material does not bind to an arbitrary filament id", "[OrcaPrinterAgent]") {
+    AmsTrayData tray;
+    tray.has_filament = true;
+    tray.tray_type = "Unlisted polymer family";
+    std::vector<AmsTrayData> trays{tray};
+
+    Slic3r::resolve_tray_info_idx(trays);
+
+    CHECK(trays[0].tray_info_idx.empty());
+}
+
+// A box wider than 4 slots is shown as several 4-tray units, so the BBL tray id
+// a panel reports must split into that unit's own (ams_id, slot_id). A flat lane
+// would be the tray id, which is not the layout lane for a wide box
+// (REQ-STS-008 §7.8).
+TEST_CASE("an AMS tray selection sends the tray's ams_id and slot_id", "[OrcaPrinterAgent]") {
+    // Unit 2 tray 1 is BBL tray 9: a 6-slot box's slot 5 addressed as (2, 1).
+    auto body = nlohmann::json::parse(OrcaPrinterAgent::build_ams_change_filament_body(9, 123));
+    CHECK(body["print"]["selector"] == "lane");
+    CHECK(body["print"]["ams_id"] == 2);
+    CHECK(body["print"]["slot_id"] == 1);
+    CHECK_FALSE(body["print"].contains("lane"));
+
+    // Unit 0 tray 3 is tray 3.
+    body = nlohmann::json::parse(OrcaPrinterAgent::build_ams_change_filament_body(3, 124));
+    CHECK(body["print"]["ams_id"] == 0);
+    CHECK(body["print"]["slot_id"] == 3);
+
+    body = nlohmann::json::parse(OrcaPrinterAgent::build_ams_change_filament_body(254, 125));
+    CHECK(body["print"]["ams_id"] == 254);
+    CHECK(body["print"]["slot_id"] == 0);
+    body = nlohmann::json::parse(OrcaPrinterAgent::build_ams_change_filament_body(255, 126));
+    CHECK(body["print"]["ams_id"] == 255);
+    CHECK(body["print"]["slot_id"] == 0);
+}
+
+TEST_CASE("RFID refresh maps coordinates and preserves flat tray ids", "[OrcaPrinterAgent]") {
+    auto body = nlohmann::json::parse(OrcaPrinterAgent::build_ams_refresh_rfid_body(1, 2, 127));
+    CHECK(body["print"]["tray_id"] == 6);
+
+    body = nlohmann::json::parse(OrcaPrinterAgent::build_ams_refresh_rfid_body(-1, 9, 128));
+    CHECK(body["print"]["tray_id"] == 9);
+
+    body = nlohmann::json::parse(OrcaPrinterAgent::build_ams_refresh_rfid_body(254, 0, 129));
+    CHECK(body["print"]["tray_id"] == 254);
+}
+
+// A filament frame can arrive after the get_capabilities reply was missed (the
+// topology resolved late, or Klipper restarted). While the device is still
+// unconfirmed, one filament frame must re-ask, throttled, and stop once a reply
+// arrives so the session can leave FilamentSyncMode::none.
+TEST_CASE("a filament frame re-requests capabilities while the topology is unconfirmed", "[OrcaPrinterAgent]") {
+    struct RefreshProbe : OrcaPrinterAgent {
+        using OrcaPrinterAgent::OrcaPrinterAgent;
+        using OrcaPrinterAgent::deliver_to_sink;
+        std::vector<std::string> refreshes;
+        void request_filament_capabilities(const std::string& dev_id, bool /*local*/) override {
+            refreshes.push_back(dev_id);
+        }
+    } agent("/tmp");
+    agent.set_on_message_fn([](std::string, std::string) {});
+
+    const std::string frame = R"({"print":{"command":"push_status","vir_slot":[{"id":"255"}]}})";
+    agent.deliver_to_sink("dev-refresh-1", frame, /*local=*/true);
+    REQUIRE(agent.refreshes.size() == 1);
+
+    // Throttled: a second frame immediately after does not ask again.
+    agent.deliver_to_sink("dev-refresh-1", frame, /*local=*/true);
+    CHECK(agent.refreshes.size() == 1);
+
+    // A capability reply confirms the topology: no further re-request.
+    agent.deliver_to_sink("dev-refresh-1",
+        R"({"info":{"command":"get_capabilities","capabilities":{"protocol":{"features":{"filament_slots":true}}}}})",
+        /*local=*/true);
+    agent.deliver_to_sink("dev-refresh-1", frame, /*local=*/true);
+    CHECK(agent.refreshes.size() == 1);
+
+    // A status without filament state never triggers a request.
+    agent.deliver_to_sink("dev-refresh-2", R"({"print":{"command":"push_status","mc_percent":10}})", /*local=*/true);
+    CHECK(agent.refreshes.size() == 1);
+}
+
+// Deselecting a cloud device forgets its declaration, so a later session starts
+// from "no reply yet" instead of a stale one. With no record an undeclared op is
+// admitted again, which is how a freshly selected device starts.
+TEST_CASE("deselecting a cloud device forgets its capabilities", "[OrcaPrinterAgent]") {
+    OrcaPrinterAgent agent("/tmp");
+    Slic3r::register_ams_ops("dev-cloud-clear", {"change_filament"});
+    Slic3r::register_filament_slots("dev-cloud-clear", true);
+    CHECK_FALSE(Slic3r::ams_op_supported("dev-cloud-clear", "external"));
+
+    agent.set_user_selected_machine("dev-cloud-clear");
+    agent.set_user_selected_machine("");
+
+    CHECK(Slic3r::ams_op_supported("dev-cloud-clear", "external"));
+    CHECK_FALSE(Slic3r::has_filament_slots("dev-cloud-clear"));
+}
+
+// A LAN feed for the same device id must keep its declaration when the cloud
+// selection is cleared: clearing it would strand an independently live session.
+// why hidden: spawns the LAN connect worker, like the other connect tests.
+TEST_CASE("deselecting a cloud device keeps a live LAN declaration", "[OrcaPrinterAgent][.integration]") {
+    OrcaPrinterAgent agent("/tmp");
+    Slic3r::register_ams_ops("dev-lan-keep", {"change_filament"});
+    Slic3r::register_filament_slots("dev-lan-keep", true);
+
+    REQUIRE(agent.connect_printer(Slic3r::PrinterConnectionParams{
+        "dev-lan-keep", "10.255.255.1", "", "orcasonar", "code", false, ""
+    }) == BAMBU_NETWORK_SUCCESS);
+    agent.set_user_selected_machine("dev-lan-keep");
+    agent.set_user_selected_machine("");
+
+    CHECK_FALSE(Slic3r::ams_op_supported("dev-lan-keep", "external"));
+    CHECK(Slic3r::has_filament_slots("dev-lan-keep"));
+
+    agent.disconnect_printer();
+}

tests/slic3rutils/test_printer_agent.cpp

@@ -68,12 +68,171 @@ TEST_CASE("Moonraker parses nozzle diameter from raw config and tolerates missin
     CHECK(MoonrakerParserProbe::parse_nozzle_diameter(missing_response) == 0.0f);
 }
 
+// why: the lane_data projection is shared by Moonraker and OrcaSonar; the
+// parser is pure so it can be checked without a live printer or a GUI.
+TEST_CASE("unit: lane_data projection maps lanes into AMS trays", "[unit][moonraker]")
+{
+    const auto body = nlohmann::json::parse(R"({
+        "result": {
+            "namespace": "lane_data",
+            "value": {
+                "lane0": {"lane": "0", "material": "PLA", "color": "FF0000FF"},
+                "lane1": {"lane": "1"},
+                "lane2": {"lane": "not-a-number"},
+                "lane3": {"lane": "3", "material": "PETG", "color": "#00FF00", "nozzle_temp": 240}
+            }
+        }
+    })");
+
+    std::vector<AmsTrayData> trays;
+    int max_lane_index = -1;
+    REQUIRE(parse_moonraker_lane_data(body, trays, max_lane_index));
+    REQUIRE(trays.size() == 3);
+    CHECK(trays[0].slot_index == 0);
+    CHECK(trays[0].has_filament);
+    CHECK(trays[0].tray_type == "PLA");
+    CHECK(trays[0].tray_color == "FF0000FF");
+    CHECK(trays[1].slot_index == 1);
+    CHECK_FALSE(trays[1].has_filament);
+    CHECK(trays[1].tray_type.empty());
+    CHECK(trays[2].slot_index == 3);
+    CHECK(trays[2].nozzle_temp == 240);
+    CHECK(max_lane_index == 3);
+}
+
+TEST_CASE("unit: lane_data projection rejects malformed and empty responses", "[unit][moonraker]")
+{
+    std::vector<AmsTrayData> trays;
+    int max_lane_index = -1;
+    CHECK_FALSE(parse_moonraker_lane_data(nlohmann::json::object(), trays, max_lane_index));
+    CHECK_FALSE(parse_moonraker_lane_data(nlohmann::json::parse(R"({"result":{"value":{}}})"), trays, max_lane_index));
+    CHECK_FALSE(parse_moonraker_lane_data(
+        nlohmann::json::parse(R"({"result":{"value":{"lane0":{"lane":"x"},"lane1":42}}})"), trays, max_lane_index));
+}
+
+// why: OrcaSonar projects sensed presence separately from declared material, so a
+// loaded lane with no type must not collapse to "empty".
+TEST_CASE("unit: lane_data presence is independent of declared material", "[unit][moonraker]")
+{
+    const auto body = nlohmann::json::parse(R"({
+        "result": {"value": {
+            "lane0": {"lane": "0", "has_filament": true},
+            "lane1": {"lane": "1", "has_filament": false, "material": "PLA"},
+            "lane2": {"lane": "2", "loaded": true},
+            "lane3": {"lane": "3", "material": "ASA"}
+        }}
+    })");
+
+    std::vector<AmsTrayData> trays;
+    int max_lane_index = -1;
+    REQUIRE(parse_moonraker_lane_data(body, trays, max_lane_index));
+    REQUIRE(trays.size() == 4);
+
+    CHECK(trays[0].has_filament);
+    CHECK(trays[0].tray_type.empty());
+
+    CHECK_FALSE(trays[1].has_filament);
+    CHECK(trays[1].tray_type == "PLA");
+
+    CHECK(trays[2].has_filament);
+
+    CHECK(trays[3].has_filament);
+    CHECK(trays[3].tray_type == "ASA");
+}
+
+// why: the exist bits and per-slot placeholder flag drive the sidebar's occupied
+// vs empty rendering; the builder is pure so this needs no GUI.
+TEST_CASE("unit: AMS payload sets exist bits and omits placeholder for loaded lanes", "[unit][moonraker]")
+{
+    std::vector<AmsTrayData> trays = {
+        {0, true, "PLA", "FF0000FF", "", 0, 0},
+        {2, true, "", "", "", 0, 0},   // loaded but undeclared
+        {5, true, "PETG", "00FF00", "", 0, 0},
+    };
+    const auto ams = build_bbl_ams_json(trays, 2, 5);
+
+    // Units 0 and 1 exist; slots 0, 2 and 5 hold filament (0b100101).
+    CHECK(ams["ams_exist_bits"].get<std::string>() == "3");
+    CHECK(ams["tray_exist_bits"].get<std::string>() == "25");
+
+    const auto& u0 = ams["ams"][0]["tray"];
+    CHECK_FALSE(u0[0].contains("tray_slot_placeholder"));
+    CHECK(u0[1].contains("tray_slot_placeholder"));
+    CHECK_FALSE(u0[2].contains("tray_slot_placeholder"));
+    CHECK(u0[2]["tray_type"].get<std::string>() == "");
+    CHECK(u0[2]["tray_color"].get<std::string>() == "00000000");
+
+    const auto& u1 = ams["ams"][1]["tray"];
+    CHECK(u1[0].contains("tray_slot_placeholder"));           // slot 4 absent
+    CHECK_FALSE(u1[1].contains("tray_slot_placeholder"));     // slot 5 present
+    CHECK(u1[1]["tray_color"].get<std::string>() == "00FF00FF"); // 6-hex padded
+}
+
+// why: the exist-bits fields are 64-bit; multi-box rigs past lane 31 would be
+// corrupted by a 32-bit unsigned long shift on MSVC. Guards the 64-bit path.
+TEST_CASE("unit: AMS payload sets exist bits beyond 31 lanes", "[unit][moonraker]")
+{
+    std::vector<AmsTrayData> trays = {
+        {33, true, "PLA", "FF0000FF", "", 0, 0},
+    };
+    const auto ams = build_bbl_ams_json(trays, 9, 33);
+
+    CHECK(ams["ams_exist_bits"].get<std::string>() == "1FF");        // units 0..8
+    CHECK(ams["tray_exist_bits"].get<std::string>() == "200000000"); // 1 << 33
+
+    const auto& u8 = ams["ams"][8]["tray"];
+    CHECK_FALSE(u8[1].contains("tray_slot_placeholder")); // slot 33 present
+}
+
+// why: a flat lane range renders into 4-slot AMS units; both agents and the
+// builder share this one formula so they cannot drift.
+TEST_CASE("unit: AMS unit count rounds lane ranges up to 4-slot units", "[unit][moonraker]")
+{
+    CHECK(ams_count_for_lanes(-1) == 0);
+    CHECK(ams_count_for_lanes(0) == 1);
+    CHECK(ams_count_for_lanes(3) == 1);
+    CHECK(ams_count_for_lanes(4) == 2);
+    CHECK(ams_count_for_lanes(6) == 2);
+    CHECK(ams_count_for_lanes(7) == 2);
+    CHECK(ams_count_for_lanes(8) == 3);
+}
+
+// why: the sync mode keys off the printer's declared material system; a device
+// with no capability record must never read as AMS-capable.
+TEST_CASE("unit: AMS capability registry reports only declared material systems", "[unit][moonraker]")
+{
+    CHECK_FALSE(has_ams_capability("cap-none"));
+    register_ams_capability("cap-true", true);
+    CHECK(has_ams_capability("cap-true"));
+    register_ams_capability("cap-false", false);
+    CHECK_FALSE(has_ams_capability("cap-false"));
+    // Later replies overwrite: a removed material system must clear the flag.
+    register_ams_capability("cap-true", false);
+    CHECK_FALSE(has_ams_capability("cap-true"));
+
+    // filament_slots is a separate connector flag: no record reads false, and
+    // a later reply clears it.
+    CHECK_FALSE(has_filament_slots("cap-slot-none"));
+    register_filament_slots("cap-slots", true);
+    CHECK(has_filament_slots("cap-slots"));
+    register_filament_slots("cap-slots", false);
+    CHECK_FALSE(has_filament_slots("cap-slots"));
+}
+
+// why: these builders preserve the Bambu firmware dialect byte-for-byte, including its trailing space.
+TEST_CASE("unit: BBL AMS gcode builders preserve command bytes", "[unit][bbl]")
+{
+    CHECK(BBLPrinterAgent::ams_refresh_rfid_gcode("123") == "M620 R123 \n");
+    CHECK(BBLPrinterAgent::ams_calibrate_gcode(123) == "M620 C123 \n");
+    CHECK(BBLPrinterAgent::ams_select_tray_gcode("123") == "M620 P123 \n");
+}
+
 // why: an agent without a Bambu-dialect translation must refuse these commands before any network or wx path.
 TEST_CASE("unit: default AMS commands report not supported", "[unit][moonraker]")
 {
     MoonrakerPrinterAgent agent("");
 
-    CHECK(agent.command_ams_refresh_rfid("dev", "123", 1, false) == ORCA_NETWORK_ERR_CMD_NOT_SUPPORTED);
+    CHECK(agent.command_ams_refresh_rfid("dev", -1, 123, 1, false) == ORCA_NETWORK_ERR_CMD_NOT_SUPPORTED);
     CHECK(agent.command_ams_calibrate("dev", 1, 2, false) == ORCA_NETWORK_ERR_CMD_NOT_SUPPORTED);
     CHECK(agent.command_ams_select_tray("dev", "123", 3, false) == ORCA_NETWORK_ERR_CMD_NOT_SUPPORTED);
 }