Speed up the Linux incremental rebuild (optimizes packaging step) (#16244)

## Speeds up OrcaSlicer incremental rebuild on Linux

Profiled `build_linux_image.sh`: 96 s, of which 51 s in the dependency
audit.

**`appimage_is_elf_file()`** ran `file` and `grep` per candidate. An
AppDir holds ~9.6k of them, 4.8k being the bundled Python runtime and
none of them ELF: ~19k processes, 14 s. Reads the four-byte magic
instead. Checked against the old result on 4000 files, no disagreement.

**The dependency walk** popped its queue with `"${queue[@]:1}"`, which
rebuilds the whole array each time. At ~4.8k entries that was 22 s of
copying an array around. Uses a read index.

Audit still passes. `shellcheck` v0.11.0, the version CI uses, is clean.

## Notes
The 96 s -> 12.7 s. Measured on a 32-core / 48 GB machine, but the audit
is a serial bash loop, so cores and RAM is not the bottleneck. On slower
hardware the saving should be larger

## Images
<img width="1987" height="782" alt="Screenshot_20261007_092516"
src="https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/96fcb917-38e5-49e7-8cbe-b37be1a2f23a"
/>
<img width="1807" height="742" alt="Screenshot_20261007_092621"
src="https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/4a65ffae-4d59-41f0-a1c7-ee5b49f3c4be"
/>

scripts/appimage_lib_policy.sh

@@ -23,7 +23,13 @@ appimage_is_host_library() {
 }
 
 appimage_is_elf_file() {
-    file -b "$1" 2>/dev/null | grep -q '^ELF '
+    # Read the four-byte ELF magic rather than asking file(1): this runs once per candidate, and an
+    # AppDir holds thousands of them (the bundled Python runtime alone is ~5k files, none of them
+    # ELF). Two processes per call made this ~14 s of a ~95 s image build on its own.
+    local magic
+    [[ -f "$1" && -r "$1" ]] || return 1
+    IFS= read -r -n 4 -d '' magic < "$1" 2>/dev/null
+    [[ $magic == $'\177ELF' ]]
 }
 
 appimage_list_direct_dependencies() {

src/dev-utils/platform/unix/build_linux_image.sh.in

@@ -118,9 +118,13 @@ bundle_dependency_closure() {
     # (scripts/check_appimage_libs.sh).
     local -a search_dirs=("$dst_dir")
 
-    while [ ${#queue[@]} -gt 0 ]; do
-        target="${queue[0]}"
-        queue=("${queue[@]:1}")
+    # Walked with a read index rather than by reslicing the array: "${queue[@]:1}" rebuilds the whole
+    # queue on every pop, so draining it costs O(n^2). At the ~5k entries this bundle reaches that was
+    # ~22 s of the image build spent copying an array around.
+    local head=0
+    while [ "$head" -lt ${#queue[@]} ]; do
+        target="${queue[$head]}"
+        head=$((head + 1))
 
         if [ ! -e "$target" ] || ! appimage_is_elf_file "$target"; then
             continue