t-embed-insecam-widget/README.md

insecam desk widget (LilyGO T-Embed)

A little window onto the world's public webcams. The T-Embed's 320×170 IPS screen shows a random camera from insecam.org or opentopia.com — as live MJPEG video where the camera streams it — and moves on to the next one every 20 seconds. The knob steps through cameras, the LED ring drains as the countdown runs. Everything happens on the ESP32-S3; no bridge or PC needed.

Both sites list cameras that are reachable on the public internet without any password (opentopia leans towards harbours, ski slopes and campuses; insecam towards forgotten IP cams). The widget only ever does what a browser on those sites does: fetch a listing page, then fetch the camera's own snapshot/stream URL.

Hardware

Either LilyGO T-Embed. The firmware tells them apart at boot by probing the I2C bus (ES7210 on the 2022 board, BQ27220/BQ25896/PN532 on the CC1101 board) and picks the matching pin map from main/board.c. Nothing beyond the board is needed: ESP32-S3R8, 16 MB flash, 8 MB PSRAM, ST7789 170×320, EC11 encoder, APA102 (×7) or WS2812 (×8) ring. Printable shells for the original board are in LilyGO's repo under Shell_file/.

Build and flash

Needs ESP-IDF 5.5 (on this machine: . ~/esp/idf55-env.sh).

idf.py set-target esp32s3
idf.py build
idf.py -p /dev/ttyACM0 flash monitor

The partition table keeps nvs where the ESPHome build that shipped on this unit had it (0xf90000), so stored Wi-Fi credentials survive re-flashing. First-boot defaults (interval, listing, brightness, forced variant) live under idf.py menuconfig → insecam desk widget; the on-device menu overrides them and stores its choices in NVS.

First boot / Wi-Fi

With no saved network the widget opens the open hotspot insecam-setup; join it with a phone and the captive portal (or http://192.168.4.1) asks for your Wi-Fi. Holding the knob down while the widget starts forces the portal.

Controls

input	action
turn clockwise	next camera
turn counter-clockwise	previous camera (history of 24)
click	pause / resume the countdown (the live stream keeps playing)
double-click	hide / show the caption
hold	open the menu (hold again, or Close, to leave it)

In the menu: turn to move (the list wraps around), click to select or toggle, click a number to edit it (turn changes it, click confirms), hold to go back. Entries:

• Save as favourite / Remove from favourites — the camera that was playing; saving asks for one of the 12 slots (overwrites it).
• Favourites — the 12 slots; click one to play it. A saved camera shows a yellow FAV n marker while it plays.
• Source — Random draws from the sites, Favourites cycles the saved slots.
• Provider — insecam, opentopia or Mixed (a random site per batch).
• Time per camera, Listing (mixed / top rated / newest), Screen brightness, Ring brightness, Caption.
• Forget a favourite, Wi-Fi setup (reboots into the hotspot), the board name with its IP, and the power source.

The menu closes by itself after 45 s without input.

Battery

The original board has no fuel gauge, only a 100 k/100 k divider on the supply rail (GPIO 4). On USB that rail sits at ~4.4 V (5 V minus a Schottky drop), so anything above 4.25 V is reported as USB powered; below that it is the cell voltage, turned into a rough percentage from a LiPo discharge table. While on battery the caption bar shows a small battery glyph with the percentage; on USB it stays out of the way. The CC1101 board's BQ27220 gauge is not supported.

LED ring

ring	meaning
white breathing	starting up
purple breathing	waiting in the Wi-Fi setup hotspot
blue dot running round	connecting to a camera
teal, draining	countdown to the next camera
amber, steady	paused
red blinking	camera offline / insecam unreachable, skipping
dim grey	menu open

How it works

• insecam.c fetches one listing page (/en/byrating/ or /en/bynew/, random page) — six cameras per request, so insecam sees one hit every two minutes.
• opentopia.c does the same for opentopia (hiddencam.php, rated or newest), then, just before a camera plays, reads its page in Live Feed mode for the camera's own MJPEG URL (or Current Still when there is no video). The site is HTTPS-only, so those pages go through webpage.c — esp_http_client with the certificate bundle — costing a TLS handshake (~0.7 s) per fetch.
• httpstream.c is a small raw-socket HTTP client: esp_http_client gives up on bodies without Content-Length, which is exactly what MJPEG cameras send.
• jpegframe.c pulls complete JPEG files out of the byte stream by walking the marker structure (so an EXIF thumbnail's EOI can't truncate a frame).
• jpegdec.c decodes with Espressif's esp_new_jpeg, scaling inside the decoder to the smallest multiple-of-8 size that still covers the screen, then bilinear-resamples the remainder to a full-bleed 320×170 (≈100 ms for a 1280×800 frame, so MJPEG streams play at a few fps).
• slideshow.c runs the state machine: connect, play frames until the interval elapses or the knob moves, skip dead cameras, keep history for "previous".
• ui.c is LVGL 9 via esp_lvgl_port: a canvas for the frame, a translucent caption bar, a LIVE/PAUSED badge, a hairline progress bar and a six-row menu page.
• settings.c keeps the settings blob and the 12 favourite slots in NVS (namespace widget); menu.c is the knob-driven menu that edits them.

License

MIT — see LICENSE. Pin maps come from LilyGO's T-Embed and T-Embed-PN532 repositories (MIT). esp_new_jpeg is fetched from Espressif's component registry at build time under its own license.