OrcaSlicer/tests/fff_print

fff_print test suite

Component- and pipeline-level tests for FFF slicing: the path from a Model plus config, through Print / PrintObject, to emitted G-code.

For Catch2 mechanics (assertions, generators, matchers, random ordering, thread-safety), see ../CLAUDE.md. This document is the organizing contract for the suite: where a test goes, and how it is named.

Organizing principle

One file per subsystem. A subsystem is usually a single production class (Flow, PrintObject), but may be a cohesive feature that spans several (skirt/brim lives in Brim.cpp, Print.cpp, and GCode.cpp). That file owns every test for the subsystem: in-memory-state assertions and emitted-G-code assertions alike.

A test's home is decided by what production code it exercises, never by how it observes the result. A skirt test that inspects print.skirt() and one that greps the G-code for ; skirt live in the same file.

If you touched code in a subsystem, its test file is where your test goes. If a subsystem has no file yet, add test_<subsystem>.cpp and list it in CMakeLists.txt.

File ownership

Building blocks (one class, exercised through its API)

File	Source (src/libslic3r/)	Covers
test_trianglemesh	TriangleMesh.{c,h}pp	mesh stats, transforms, slicing, split/merge/cut
test_flow	Flow.{c,h}pp	extrusion width / area math
test_extrusion_entity	ExtrusionEntity.{c,h}pp	extrusion-collection geometry
test_gcodewriter	GCodeWriter.{c,h}pp, GCode.cpp	low-level G-code emit primitives, origin
test_model	Model.{c,h}pp	object / volume / instance construction

Slicing pipeline (build a Print, then assert state or G-code)

File	Source (src/libslic3r/)	Covers
test_printobject	PrintObject.cpp	layer heights, perimeter generation
test_fill	Fill/	infill patterns and infill G-code
test_skirt_brim	Brim.cpp, Print.cpp	skirt/brim loop counts, grouping, brim ears, emission order
test_support_material	Support/	support & raft layers, contact distance
test_cooling	GCode/CoolingBuffer.cpp	fan control, speed-marker consumption
test_multifilament	GCode/ToolOrdering.cpp	per-feature and per-object filament routing
test_print	Print.{c,h}pp	validate(), solid-shell behavior, sequential printing, custom G-code & config comments, default-slice smoke

Paths are under src/libslic3r/. A trailing / is a directory of related files; otherwise it is a single class. {c,h}pp means the .cpp/.hpp pair.

Naming and tags

• File: test_<subsystem>.cpp.
• Test name: a plain behavioral sentence, present tense, stating the contract the test pins down. No Subsystem: prefix (the tag carries that).
  • Good: TEST_CASE("Skirt is emitted once per layer it spans", "[SkirtBrim]")
  • Avoid: TEST_CASE("Print: Skirt generation", "[Print]")
• Tags:
  • Exactly one subsystem tag, PascalCase, matching the file ([SkirtBrim], [PrintObject], [Fill]). This is the grouping / filter key.
  • Optional cross-cutting tags for a concern that genuinely spans files ([validate], [Regression]).
  • Status tags: [NotWorking] marks a test disabled for a known, documented reason; CI excludes it via ~[NotWorking] (it does not hide itself). Use [.] to hide a test from default runs entirely. Either way, say why in a one-line comment.

Test style

Prefer a flat TEST_CASE per behavior, with GENERATE for parameterized cases and shared setup factored into helpers. The test name carries the behavior, so the BDD scaffolding is usually redundant. Reserve SCENARIO / GIVEN / WHEN / THEN for a test with genuine shared setup that branches into a few closely related variations, and never let a SCENARIO accumulate unrelated WHENs: that grab-bag is what this contract exists to prevent (and it hides failures behind a single coarse test case).

Robust tests

A test should fail only when the behavior it names breaks, not from unrelated changes (the "change-detector" anti-pattern). Test behavior, not incidentals, and aim for one reason to fail. Concretely:

• Don't depend on or assert defaults: set the config keys the behavior needs, and derive expected values from those inputs (a 20mm cube at 0.2mm = 100 layers), not from a default that may change.
• Assert the defining property, not an incidental value: prefer "skirt present", "at least 2 brim loops", or "ears vs none" over exact coordinates, extrusion amounts, line counts, or byte sizes.
• Compare floats with a tolerance (WithinAbs / WithinRel), never ==.
• Match the meaningful G-code token (; skirt), not whole lines, whitespace, or comment wording.
• Rely on ordering only when it is the contract (as role_sequence does).
• Keep tests self-contained: no shared state, green under --order rand.

Helpers

Reuse these instead of building a Print or parsing G-code by hand.

• Global (tests/test_utils.hpp, available to every suite):
  • load_model("file.obj"): load a TriangleMesh from tests/data/.
  • ScopedTemporaryFile: an RAII temp-file path, removed on scope exit.
• Suite harness (fff_print/test_helpers.{hpp,cpp}):
  • Build and run: init_print(...), init_and_process_print(...), slice(...) (returns the G-code string), and gcode(print).
  • Two-cube placement: slice_two_cubes_arranged(...) (arranger-positioned), and place_two_cubes_apart(...) / slice_two_cubes_apart(...) (a fixed gap, not arranged).
  • Meshes: cube(size) / make_cube(...) for simple shapes; the TestMesh enum with mesh(...) for named fixtures.
  • G-code analysis: layers_with_role(gcode, role), max_z(gcode), role_passes(gcode, role), role_sequence(gcode, roles). Subsystem-specific checks stay local (for example brim_count in test_skirt_brim).

Promote a helper into the suite harness when it is a general test primitive (not tied to one subsystem's logic), even if only one file uses it today; keep genuinely subsystem-specific helpers local (file-static). Reuse potential, not current usage count, is the test.

Adding a test (checklist)

1. Find the subsystem's file in the tables; create test_<subsystem>.cpp if missing.
2. Build the print with a harness helper; set only the config keys the behavior needs.
3. Assert the behavior, in-memory or via parsed G-code, whichever is clearest.
4. Name it as a behavioral sentence and tag it [Subsystem].
5. For a bug fix, add the regression test in the owning file. Name it for the behavior it protects; the test must stand on its own without relying on an external issue or PR for meaning.

Running

ctest --test-dir build/tests/fff_print
build/tests/fff_print/<config>/fff_print_tests --order rand "~[NotWorking]"