Run the Cross-Process Lock Test on Every Platform

The test that checks the guard yields to a lock held elsewhere forked a child to hold it, so it was left out on Windows. The OS lock belongs to the handle on Windows and to the open file description elsewhere, so a second handle in the same process is refused like another instance would be. The test now holds the lock that way and runs everywhere.
Lock Config and Preset Files Across Instances and Write Them Atomically
2026-09-29 20:01:26 +00:00 · 2026-09-30 00:31:59 +08:00 · 2026-09-29 23:51:15 +08:00 · 2026-09-29 08:52:48 -05:00 · 2026-09-29 07:51:50 -03:00 · 2026-09-28 07:19:58 -05:00
113 changed files with 3614 additions and 2412 deletions
@@ -189,7 +189,8 @@ the presets to a base is in [shared-bases.md](shared-bases.md#variant-arrays-on-
 2. Every key in `filament_options_with_variant` ([the full list](#the-four-key-sets)) that reaches the
   preset, whether written, included or inherited, is resized to its variant count: write it at exactly
   that width, or leave it out. Keys outside the set
-   (`filament_type`, plate temperatures, `fan_max_speed`, `slow_down_min_speed`, …) are never addressed by variant index; the preset contributes their first value however wide a
+   (`filament_type`, plate temperatures, `fan_max_speed`, `slow_down_min_speed`, `pressure_advance`,
+   …) are never addressed by variant index; the preset contributes their first value however wide a
   file writes them.
 3. Cover every variant the material is meant to print on across its `compatible_printers`. Leave out
   a variant deliberately when the material should not be tuned for it (e.g. a TPU High Flow variant
@@ -454,7 +455,7 @@ no set: the variant-length resize leaves it alone, and only the pair rebuild of
 last for contrast; it is not a variant set.

 `check` and `fix-variant` read the four sets from `PrintConfig.cpp` on every run, so they follow the
-engine. The lists below are from the 2026-09-29 checkout; regenerate them from the repository root
+engine. The lists below are from the 2026-09-25 checkout; regenerate them from the repository root
 before relying on them (the recipe strips comments, since an initializer can carry a commented-out entry):

 ```bash
@@ -477,7 +478,7 @@ EOF

 **`print_options_with_variant`**, process, stride 1 (45): `bridge_acceleration`, `bridge_speed`, `default_acceleration`, `default_jerk`, `default_junction_deviation`, `enable_overhang_speed`, `gap_infill_speed`, `infill_jerk`, `initial_layer_acceleration`, `initial_layer_infill_speed`, `initial_layer_jerk`, `initial_layer_speed`, `initial_layer_travel_acceleration`, `initial_layer_travel_jerk`, `initial_layer_travel_speed`, `inner_wall_acceleration`, `inner_wall_jerk`, `inner_wall_speed`, `internal_bridge_speed`, `internal_solid_infill_acceleration`, `internal_solid_infill_speed`, `outer_wall_acceleration`, `outer_wall_jerk`, `outer_wall_speed`, `overhang_1_4_speed`, `overhang_2_4_speed`, `overhang_3_4_speed`, `overhang_4_4_speed`, `print_extruder_id`, `print_extruder_variant`, `slowdown_for_curled_perimeters`, `small_perimeter_speed`, `small_perimeter_threshold`, `sparse_infill_acceleration`, `sparse_infill_speed`, `support_interface_speed`, `support_speed`, `top_solid_infill_flow_ratio`, `top_surface_acceleration`, `top_surface_jerk`, `top_surface_speed`, `travel_acceleration`, `travel_jerk`, `travel_speed`, `travel_speed_z`

-**`filament_options_with_variant`**, filament, stride 1 (54): `activate_air_filtration`, `activate_air_filtration_during_print`, `activate_air_filtration_on_completion`, `adaptive_pressure_advance`, `adaptive_pressure_advance_bridges`, `adaptive_pressure_advance_model`, `adaptive_pressure_advance_overhangs`, `complete_print_exhaust_fan_speed`, `during_print_exhaust_fan_speed`, `enable_pressure_advance`, `filament_adaptive_volumetric_speed`, `filament_cooling_before_tower`, `filament_deretraction_speed`, `filament_extruder_variant`, `filament_flow_ratio`, `filament_flush_temp`, `filament_flush_volumetric_speed`, `filament_ironing_flow`, `filament_ironing_inset`, `filament_ironing_spacing`, `filament_ironing_speed`, `filament_long_retractions_when_cut`, `filament_max_volumetric_speed`, `filament_pre_cooling_temperature`, `filament_pre_cooling_temperature_nc`, `filament_preheat_temperature_delta`, `filament_ramming_travel_time`, `filament_ramming_travel_time_nc`, `filament_ramming_volumetric_speed`, `filament_ramming_volumetric_speed_nc`, `filament_retract_after_wipe`, `filament_retract_before_wipe`, `filament_retract_length_nc`, `filament_retract_length_toolchange`, `filament_retract_lift_above`, `filament_retract_lift_below`, `filament_retract_lift_enforce`, `filament_retract_restart_extra`, `filament_retract_restart_extra_toolchange`, `filament_retract_when_changing_layer`, `filament_retraction_distances_when_cut`, `filament_retraction_length`, `filament_retraction_minimum_travel`, `filament_retraction_speed`, `filament_wipe`, `filament_wipe_distance`, `filament_z_hop`, `filament_z_hop_types`, `long_retractions_when_ec`, `nozzle_temperature`, `nozzle_temperature_initial_layer`, `pressure_advance`, `retraction_distances_when_ec`, `volumetric_speed_coefficients`
+**`filament_options_with_variant`**, filament, stride 1 (48): `activate_air_filtration`, `activate_air_filtration_during_print`, `activate_air_filtration_on_completion`, `complete_print_exhaust_fan_speed`, `during_print_exhaust_fan_speed`, `filament_adaptive_volumetric_speed`, `filament_cooling_before_tower`, `filament_deretraction_speed`, `filament_extruder_variant`, `filament_flow_ratio`, `filament_flush_temp`, `filament_flush_volumetric_speed`, `filament_ironing_flow`, `filament_ironing_inset`, `filament_ironing_spacing`, `filament_ironing_speed`, `filament_long_retractions_when_cut`, `filament_max_volumetric_speed`, `filament_pre_cooling_temperature`, `filament_pre_cooling_temperature_nc`, `filament_preheat_temperature_delta`, `filament_ramming_travel_time`, `filament_ramming_travel_time_nc`, `filament_ramming_volumetric_speed`, `filament_ramming_volumetric_speed_nc`, `filament_retract_after_wipe`, `filament_retract_before_wipe`, `filament_retract_length_nc`, `filament_retract_length_toolchange`, `filament_retract_lift_above`, `filament_retract_lift_below`, `filament_retract_lift_enforce`, `filament_retract_restart_extra`, `filament_retract_restart_extra_toolchange`, `filament_retract_when_changing_layer`, `filament_retraction_distances_when_cut`, `filament_retraction_length`, `filament_retraction_minimum_travel`, `filament_retraction_speed`, `filament_wipe`, `filament_wipe_distance`, `filament_z_hop`, `filament_z_hop_types`, `long_retractions_when_ec`, `nozzle_temperature`, `nozzle_temperature_initial_layer`, `retraction_distances_when_ec`, `volumetric_speed_coefficients`

 **`printer_extruder_options`**, machine, one value per extruder, not a variant set (8):
 `default_nozzle_volume_type`, `extruder_max_nozzle_count`, `extruder_printable_area`,
@@ -244,10 +244,10 @@ preset for a 0.2 nozzle, explicitly revisit flow limits; do not infer a pressure
 required direction of change, from diameter alone.

 On a printer with extruder variants, a filament tunes these per variant too:
-`filament_max_volumetric_speed`, `filament_flow_ratio`, `nozzle_temperature`, pressure advance and the
-retraction overrides carry one value per variant of `filament_extruder_variant` (Standard, High Flow, …). The
+`filament_max_volumetric_speed`, `filament_flow_ratio`, `nozzle_temperature` and the retraction
+overrides carry one value per variant of `filament_extruder_variant` (Standard, High Flow, …). The
 exact key set is [`filament_options_with_variant`](extruder-variants.md#the-four-key-sets);
-`slow_down_min_speed` and `fan_max_speed` are not in it. Keep every such array at exactly that width, even where the
+`slow_down_min_speed` and `pressure_advance` are not in it. Keep every such array at exactly that width, even where the
 setting does not differ per variant, and measure the High Flow variant rather than copying Standard
 ([extruder-variants.md](extruder-variants.md#filament)).

@@ -28,8 +28,8 @@ Per-vendor granularity is what makes the system practical:
 - A vendor whose profile is bumped invalidates only its own cache. The other 60-odd
  vendors keep theirs — even when the bumped vendor is the shared Orca filament
  library everyone else inherits from.
- The setup wizard, which loads vendors one at a time, gets the same speedup as
-  startup without a second code path.
+- The setup wizard loads its vendors through the same routine as startup, so it
+  gets the same speedup without a second code path.
 - A vendor with no cache, or a broken one, costs only that vendor a parse.

 A cache holds *system* presets only. User presets, project settings and modified
@@ -162,15 +162,20 @@ cache nothing can invalidate is worse than no cache.

 Vendors load in a fixed order, because filament inheritance crosses exactly one
 boundary: any vendor's filament may inherit from the shared Orca filament library,
-and nothing else reaches across vendors — an `include` is always vendor-local. The
-library therefore goes first, alone; every other vendor follows in parallel, resolving
-against it; and the results are merged in a stable order:
+and nothing else reaches across vendors — an `include` is always vendor-local. Only
+installing a vendor's presets crosses it; reading the vendor, from its cache or its
+JSONs, needs nothing from the library. So every other vendor is read while the library
+loads, each is installed against it as soon as both are done, and the results are
+merged in a stable order:

 ```mermaid
 flowchart LR
-    lib["1 · OrcaFilamentLibrary<br/>loaded first, synchronously"] --> par["2 · every other vendor in parallel,<br/>each into its own bundle, filaments<br/>resolving against the loaded library"] --> merge["3 · bundles merged into one,<br/>sequentially, in stable vendor order"]
+    lib["1 · OrcaFilamentLibrary loaded;<br/>meanwhile every other vendor read<br/>from its cache or its JSONs"] --> par["2 · every other vendor installed<br/>in parallel, each into its own bundle,<br/>filaments resolving against the library"] --> merge["3 · bundles merged into one,<br/>in one pass per collection,<br/>in stable vendor order"]
 ```

+`PresetBundle::load_vendors` runs these steps for startup and for the setup wizard,
+which hand it the vendors to load and the directory each is installed in.
+
 Whether a vendor comes from its cache or from a parse changes nothing in that
 order — both produce the same bundle, so cached and parsed vendors mix freely in
 one startup.
@@ -211,11 +216,12 @@ shipped cache answered first, so the profile in `<data_dir>/system/` was never p
 and its cache was never written back.

 Serving from a cache is not a memory-image restore. The entries are deserialized and
-then installed one by one — inheritance resolved against the presets installed before
-them and the currently loaded filament library, includes layered in, configs flattened
-onto the collection defaults, validated and registered — by the same function the JSON
-path calls straight after parsing a sub-file. An `include` layers what the included
-base states, between the parent and the preset's own keys: the base's diff against the
+then installed by `install_vendor`, the routine the JSON path hands the vendor's entries
+to once it has parsed the sub-files: inheritance resolved against the presets installed
+before them and the currently loaded filament library, includes layered in, configs
+flattened onto the collection defaults, validated and registered. An `include` layers
+what the included base states, between the parent and the preset's own keys: the base's
+diff against the
 default, taken when the base itself was installed and before the per-variant padding
 `inherits` sees, so only what a template sets reaches the presets including it. The two
 paths share everything below the parse, which is what makes a cache-loaded bundle
@@ -223,6 +229,16 @@ indistinguishable from a JSON-loaded one by construction rather than by test cov
 Installation also rebuilds each preset's file path from the local data directory, so a
 shipped cache never carries the generating machine's paths.

+Installing an entry is split in two. `resolve_vendor_preset` flattens it, reading only
+what is registered under the names it inherits and includes, and `commit_vendor_preset`
+registers it, the only step that writes anything shared. Entries resolve across threads
+in runs and commit in the order the vendor lists them. A run ends before an entry that
+inherits or includes one already in it, since that one's commit registers what the
+entry resolves against, so no entry in a run reads what another in it registers. An
+entry's parse messages are held until it commits. The bundle, the log's parse and
+install messages and the error count therefore come out as parsing and installing one
+entry at a time would leave them, whatever the listing order.
+
 App upgrades work because a cache normally survives one. Only a deliberate
 `CACHE_VERSION` bump makes an installed cache unreadable, and that is handled at
 install time rather than at load: a vendor whose cache this build cannot read counts
@@ -254,17 +270,20 @@ the wizard caches the *derived JSON*, not another form of the inputs:
 open, the wizard computes the current stamps (one version peek per vendor) and, when
 they match, serves the catalog from the file — no bundle built, no preset installed.
 Caching bundle inputs instead was tried and measured: rebuilding the bundle from
-per-vendor caches costs ~2 s of preset installation whatever feeds it, so only
-skipping the rebuild entirely wins.
+per-vendor caches costs over a second of preset installation whatever feeds it, so
+only skipping the rebuild entirely wins.

 Any change to the set — a vendor added, removed or updated, or its cache-only
 `.opc` replaced by a newer one — changes the stamps and retires the whole file;
-the wizard then rebuilds the bundle vendor by vendor (per-vendor caches serving where
-they cover) and writes the catalog back. Selections, region and per-open decorations
-are applied downstream of the cache either way, so a served catalog is
-indistinguishable from a rebuilt one. Nothing ships this file and the updater never
-touches it; it is a locally written artifact, re-derived whenever stale, written
-through a temp file and rename so half a cache is never readable.
+the wizard then rebuilds the bundle with `PresetBundle::load_vendors`, the load
+startup uses (per-vendor caches serving where they cover), and writes the catalog
+back. When a vendor fails to load, the filament library included, that open falls
+back to the wizard's own scan of the vendor JSONs, as when no bundle can be built,
+and writes nothing. Selections, region and per-open decorations are applied
+downstream of the cache either way, so a served catalog is indistinguishable from a
+rebuilt one. Nothing ships this file and the updater never touches it; it is a
+locally written artifact, re-derived whenever stale, written through a temp file and
+rename so half a cache is never readable.

 The cache lives under `<data_dir>/cache/`, not beside the vendors: everything that
 scans `<data_dir>/system/` treats any `.opc` there as a vendor, so a non-vendor
@@ -378,6 +397,13 @@ enumerates only `*.json` will find no vendors at all in a packaged build.
  the `CachedPreset` field list — written and read by `visit_entry` in
  `PresetCacheFormat.cpp`, one list for the save, the load and the name peek alike — or
  the cache's own layout or stamps, requires bumping `CACHE_VERSION` by hand.
+- **Adding a kind of reference between presets**, as `inherits` and `include` are:
+  parse the names into `CachedPreset` (a field change, so `CACHE_VERSION` is bumped),
+  have `install_vendor_entries` end a run before an entry that names one already in it
+  and retain what the names point at, look them up only in `resolve_vendor_preset`, and
+  register what they point at only in `commit_vendor_preset`. The listing-order test in
+  `test_vendor_cache.cpp` fails for a kind the runs do not check once its fixture uses
+  it.
 - **The dictionary indexes with a `uint16`**, so `print_config_def` may hold at most
  65535 options and one cache at most 65535 distinct enum value names.
  `CacheDictionary::save` throws past that, which surfaces when CI generates the
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
 	"name": "OrcaFilamentLibrary",
-	"version": "02.04.00.16",
+	"version": "02.04.00.15",
 	"force_update": "0",
 	"description": "Orca Filament Library",
 	"filament_list": [
@@ -111,7 +111,6 @@
 		"1"
 	],
 	"enable_pressure_advance": [
-		"0",
 		"0"
 	],
 	"eng_plate_temp": [
@@ -317,7 +316,6 @@
 		"2"
 	],
 	"pressure_advance": [
-		"0.02",
 		"0.02"
 	],
 	"reduce_fan_stop_start_freq": [
@@ -111,7 +111,6 @@
 		"1"
 	],
 	"enable_pressure_advance": [
-		"0",
 		"0"
 	],
 	"eng_plate_temp": [
@@ -317,7 +316,6 @@
 		"2"
 	],
 	"pressure_advance": [
-		"0.02",
 		"0.02"
 	],
 	"reduce_fan_stop_start_freq": [
@@ -111,7 +111,6 @@
 		"1"
 	],
 	"enable_pressure_advance": [
-		"0",
 		"0"
 	],
 	"eng_plate_temp": [
@@ -317,7 +316,6 @@
 		"2"
 	],
 	"pressure_advance": [
-		"0.02",
 		"0.02"
 	],
 	"reduce_fan_stop_start_freq": [
@@ -111,7 +111,6 @@
 		"1"
 	],
 	"enable_pressure_advance": [
-		"0",
 		"0"
 	],
 	"eng_plate_temp": [
@@ -317,7 +316,6 @@
 		"2"
 	],
 	"pressure_advance": [
-		"0.02",
 		"0.02"
 	],
 	"reduce_fan_stop_start_freq": [
@@ -111,7 +111,6 @@
 		"1"
 	],
 	"enable_pressure_advance": [
-		"0",
 		"0"
 	],
 	"eng_plate_temp": [
@@ -317,7 +316,6 @@
 		"2"
 	],
 	"pressure_advance": [
-		"0.02",
 		"0.02"
 	],
 	"reduce_fan_stop_start_freq": [
@@ -111,7 +111,6 @@
 		"1"
 	],
 	"enable_pressure_advance": [
-		"0",
 		"0"
 	],
 	"eng_plate_temp": [
@@ -317,7 +316,6 @@
 		"2"
 	],
 	"pressure_advance": [
-		"0.02",
 		"0.02"
 	],
 	"reduce_fan_stop_start_freq": [
@@ -111,7 +111,6 @@
 		"1"
 	],
 	"enable_pressure_advance": [
-		"0",
 		"0"
 	],
 	"eng_plate_temp": [
@@ -317,7 +316,6 @@
 		"2"
 	],
 	"pressure_advance": [
-		"0.02",
 		"0.02"
 	],
 	"reduce_fan_stop_start_freq": [
@@ -111,7 +111,6 @@
 		"1"
 	],
 	"enable_pressure_advance": [
-		"0",
 		"0"
 	],
 	"eng_plate_temp": [
@@ -317,7 +316,6 @@
 		"2"
 	],
 	"pressure_advance": [
-		"0.02",
 		"0.02"
 	],
 	"reduce_fan_stop_start_freq": [
@@ -111,7 +111,6 @@
 		"1"
 	],
 	"enable_pressure_advance": [
-		"0",
 		"0"
 	],
 	"eng_plate_temp": [
@@ -317,7 +316,6 @@
 		"2"
 	],
 	"pressure_advance": [
-		"0.02",
 		"0.02"
 	],
 	"reduce_fan_stop_start_freq": [
@@ -111,7 +111,6 @@
 		"1"
 	],
 	"enable_pressure_advance": [
-		"0",
 		"0"
 	],
 	"eng_plate_temp": [
@@ -317,7 +316,6 @@
 		"2"
 	],
 	"pressure_advance": [
-		"0.02",
 		"0.02"
 	],
 	"reduce_fan_stop_start_freq": [
@@ -111,7 +111,6 @@
 		"1"
 	],
 	"enable_pressure_advance": [
-		"0",
 		"0"
 	],
 	"eng_plate_temp": [
@@ -317,7 +316,6 @@
 		"1"
 	],
 	"pressure_advance": [
-		"0.02",
 		"0.02"
 	],
 	"reduce_fan_stop_start_freq": [
@@ -111,7 +111,6 @@
 		"1"
 	],
 	"enable_pressure_advance": [
-		"0",
 		"0"
 	],
 	"eng_plate_temp": [
@@ -317,7 +316,6 @@
 		"2"
 	],
 	"pressure_advance": [
-		"0.02",
 		"0.02"
 	],
 	"reduce_fan_stop_start_freq": [
@@ -111,7 +111,6 @@
 		"1"
 	],
 	"enable_pressure_advance": [
-		"0",
 		"0"
 	],
 	"eng_plate_temp": [
@@ -317,7 +316,6 @@
 		"0"
 	],
 	"pressure_advance": [
-		"0.02",
 		"0.02"
 	],
 	"reduce_fan_stop_start_freq": [
@@ -111,7 +111,6 @@
 		"1"
 	],
 	"enable_pressure_advance": [
-		"0",
 		"0"
 	],
 	"eng_plate_temp": [
@@ -317,7 +316,6 @@
 		"2"
 	],
 	"pressure_advance": [
-		"0.02",
 		"0.02"
 	],
 	"reduce_fan_stop_start_freq": [
@@ -111,7 +111,6 @@
 		"1"
 	],
 	"enable_pressure_advance": [
-		"0",
 		"0"
 	],
 	"eng_plate_temp": [
@@ -317,7 +316,6 @@
 		"2"
 	],
 	"pressure_advance": [
-		"0.02",
 		"0.02"
 	],
 	"reduce_fan_stop_start_freq": [
@@ -111,7 +111,6 @@
 		"1"
 	],
 	"enable_pressure_advance": [
-		"0",
 		"0"
 	],
 	"eng_plate_temp": [
@@ -317,7 +316,6 @@
 		"2"
 	],
 	"pressure_advance": [
-		"0.02",
 		"0.02"
 	],
 	"reduce_fan_stop_start_freq": [
@@ -111,7 +111,6 @@
 		"1"
 	],
 	"enable_pressure_advance": [
-		"0",
 		"0"
 	],
 	"eng_plate_temp": [
@@ -317,7 +316,6 @@
 		"2"
 	],
 	"pressure_advance": [
-		"0.02",
 		"0.02"
 	],
 	"reduce_fan_stop_start_freq": [
@@ -111,7 +111,6 @@
 		"1"
 	],
 	"enable_pressure_advance": [
-		"0",
 		"0"
 	],
 	"eng_plate_temp": [
@@ -317,7 +316,6 @@
 		"2"
 	],
 	"pressure_advance": [
-		"0.02",
 		"0.02"
 	],
 	"reduce_fan_stop_start_freq": [
@@ -111,7 +111,6 @@
 		"1"
 	],
 	"enable_pressure_advance": [
-		"0",
 		"0"
 	],
 	"eng_plate_temp": [
@@ -317,7 +316,6 @@
 		"0"
 	],
 	"pressure_advance": [
-		"0.02",
 		"0.02"
 	],
 	"reduce_fan_stop_start_freq": [
@@ -111,7 +111,6 @@
 		"1"
 	],
 	"enable_pressure_advance": [
-		"0",
 		"0"
 	],
 	"eng_plate_temp": [
@@ -317,7 +316,6 @@
 		"2"
 	],
 	"pressure_advance": [
-		"0.02",
 		"0.02"
 	],
 	"reduce_fan_stop_start_freq": [
@@ -111,7 +111,6 @@
 		"1"
 	],
 	"enable_pressure_advance": [
-		"0",
 		"0"
 	],
 	"eng_plate_temp": [
@@ -317,7 +316,6 @@
 		"2"
 	],
 	"pressure_advance": [
-		"0.02",
 		"0.02"
 	],
 	"reduce_fan_stop_start_freq": [
@@ -111,7 +111,6 @@
 		"1"
 	],
 	"enable_pressure_advance": [
-		"0",
 		"0"
 	],
 	"eng_plate_temp": [
@@ -317,7 +316,6 @@
 		"2"
 	],
 	"pressure_advance": [
-		"0.02",
 		"0.02"
 	],
 	"reduce_fan_stop_start_freq": [
@@ -111,7 +111,6 @@
 		"1"
 	],
 	"enable_pressure_advance": [
-		"0",
 		"0"
 	],
 	"eng_plate_temp": [
@@ -317,7 +316,6 @@
 		"2"
 	],
 	"pressure_advance": [
-		"0.02",
 		"0.02"
 	],
 	"reduce_fan_stop_start_freq": [
@@ -111,7 +111,6 @@
 		"1"
 	],
 	"enable_pressure_advance": [
-		"0",
 		"0"
 	],
 	"eng_plate_temp": [
@@ -317,7 +316,6 @@
 		"2"
 	],
 	"pressure_advance": [
-		"0.02",
 		"0.02"
 	],
 	"reduce_fan_stop_start_freq": [
@@ -111,7 +111,6 @@
 		"1"
 	],
 	"enable_pressure_advance": [
-		"0",
 		"0"
 	],
 	"eng_plate_temp": [
@@ -317,7 +316,6 @@
 		"2"
 	],
 	"pressure_advance": [
-		"0.02",
 		"0.02"
 	],
 	"reduce_fan_stop_start_freq": [
@@ -111,7 +111,6 @@
 		"1"
 	],
 	"enable_pressure_advance": [
-		"0",
 		"0"
 	],
 	"eng_plate_temp": [
@@ -317,7 +316,6 @@
 		"2"
 	],
 	"pressure_advance": [
-		"0.02",
 		"0.02"
 	],
 	"reduce_fan_stop_start_freq": [
@@ -214,9 +214,9 @@ function ShowModelInfo( pModel )
 	
 	SendWXDebugInfo("Model Name:  "+sModelName);
 	
-	$('#ModelName').text(sModelName);
+	$('#ModelName').html(sModelName);
 	$('#ModelName').attr('title',sModelName);
-    $('#ModelAuthorName').text(sModelAuthor);
+    $('#ModelAuthorName').html(sModelAuthor);
 	
 	switch(UploadType)
 	{
@@ -268,7 +268,7 @@ function ShowModelInfo( pModel )
 			break;
 	}
 	
-	$('#Model_Desc').empty().append( SanitizeDescHtml( html_decode(sModelDesc) ) );
+	$('#Model_Desc').html( html_decode(sModelDesc) );
 			
 	let ModelPreviewList=pModel.preview_img;				
    let TotalPreview=ModelPreviewList.length;
@@ -281,15 +281,16 @@ function ShowModelInfo( pModel )
 	
    if(TotalPreview>0)
 	{
-		$('#ModelPreviewList').empty();
+		let htmlPreview='';
 		for(let pn=0;pn<TotalPreview;pn++)			
 		{	
 			//let FTmpPath=decodeURIComponent(ModelPreviewList[pn]);
 			let FTmpPath=ModelPreviewList[pn]['filepath'];
 			
-			$('#ModelPreviewList').append( $('<div class="swiper-slide"></div>').append( $('<img class="Model_PrevImg" />').attr('src',FTmpPath) ) );
+			htmlPreview+='<div class="swiper-slide"><img class="Model_PrevImg" src="'+FTmpPath+'" /></div>';
 		}
 			
+	    $('#ModelPreviewList').html(htmlPreview);
 		$('#Model_Preview_Image').viewer({
 			title: false,
 		    fullsreen: false,
@@ -409,8 +410,7 @@ function ConstructFileHtml( ID, pItem )
 {
 	let fTotal=pItem.length;
 	
-	let pBoard=$('#'+ID+'  .FileListBoard');
-	pBoard.empty();
+	let strHtml='';
 	for( let f=0;f<fTotal;f++ )
 	{
 		let pOne=pItem[f];
@@ -443,139 +443,39 @@ function ConstructFileHtml( ID, pItem )
 			ImgPath='img/default.png';			
 		}		
 			
-		//Add html. File names come from the 3MF, so build the nodes rather than concatenating markup.
-		let pIconImg=$('<img />').attr('src',ImgPath);
-		let pMenu=$('<div class="FileMenu"><img src="img/s.svg" /></div>');
+		//Add html
 		if( strClass!='ImageIcon' )
 		{
-			pMenu.on('click', function(){ OnClickOpenFile(tPath); });
+		strHtml+='<div class="FileItem">'+
+				 '	<div class="'+strClass+'"><img src="'+ImgPath+'" /></div>'+
+				 '	<div class="FileText">'+
+			     '		<div class="FileName">'+tName+'</div>'+
+				 '	</div>'+
+				 '	<div class="FileMenu" onClick="OnClickOpenFile(\''+tPath+'\')"><img src="img/s.svg" /></div>'+
+				 '</div>';
 		}
 		else
 		{
 			ImgID++;
 			let TmpImgID="AF"+ImgID;
 			
-			pIconImg.attr('id',TmpImgID);
-			pMenu.on('click', function(){ OnClickOpenImage(TmpImgID); });
+		strHtml+='<div class="FileItem">'+
+				 '	<div class="'+strClass+'"><img id="'+TmpImgID+'" src="'+ImgPath+'" /></div>'+
+				 '	<div class="FileText">'+
+			     '		<div class="FileName">'+tName+'</div>'+
+				 '	</div>'+
+				 '	<div class="FileMenu" onClick="OnClickOpenImage(\''+TmpImgID+'\')"><img src="img/s.svg" /></div>'+
+				 '</div>';			
 		}
-		
-		let pFileItem=$('<div class="FileItem"></div>');
-		pFileItem.append( $('<div></div>').addClass(strClass).append(pIconImg) );
-		pFileItem.append( $('<div class="FileText"></div>').append( $('<div class="FileName"></div>').text(tName).attr('title',tName) ) );
-		pFileItem.append( pMenu );
-		pBoard.append( pFileItem );
 	}
 	
+	$('#'+ID+'  .FileListBoard').html(strHtml);
+	
    if( fTotal>0 )
 		$('#'+ID).show();
 }


-// Descriptions are untrusted 3MF metadata that may carry rich-text HTML (e.g. from MakerWorld).
-// Rebuild them from an inert parse, keeping only plain formatting tags and http(s) links and images.
-var DescAllowedTags=['P','BR','B','STRONG','I','EM','U','S','STRIKE','DEL','INS','SUB','SUP','SMALL','MARK',
-	'Q','ABBR','KBD','WBR','H1','H2','H3','H4','H5','H6','UL','OL','LI','DL','DT','DD','BLOCKQUOTE','PRE','CODE',
-	'HR','SPAN','DIV','FIGURE','FIGCAPTION','TABLE','CAPTION','THEAD','TBODY','TFOOT','TR','TH','TD','A','IMG'];
-// Plain attributes kept per tag; the numeric ones must be plain non-negative integers.
-var DescAllowedAttrs={'IMG':['alt','title','width','height'],'TD':['colspan','rowspan'],'TH':['colspan','rowspan'],'OL':['start']};
-var DescNumericAttrs=['width','height','colspan','rowspan','start'];
-// Dropped together with their content; any other unknown tag is unwrapped to its children.
-var DescDroppedTags=['SCRIPT','STYLE','TEMPLATE','NOSCRIPT','TEXTAREA','TITLE','IFRAME','FRAME','OBJECT','EMBED','SVG','MATH'];
-
-function IsHttpUrl( strUrl )
-{
-	// The scheme must be written as is, so nothing the URL parser would strip can precede or split it.
-	if( typeof strUrl!='string' || !/^https?:/i.test(strUrl) )
-		return false;
-	try
-	{
-		let sProtocol=new URL(strUrl).protocol;
-		return sProtocol=='http:' || sProtocol=='https:';
-	}
-	catch(e)
-	{
-		return false;
-	}
-}
-
-// Images load as soon as the page opens, so only https sources are kept: no plain-http requests to the local network.
-function IsHttpsUrl( strUrl )
-{
-	return IsHttpUrl(strUrl) && new URL(strUrl).protocol=='https:';
-}
-
-// Embedded YouTube players become a plain link to the video.
-function GetYouTubeEmbedUrl( pNode )
-{
-	let sSrc=pNode.getAttribute('src');
-	if( !IsHttpUrl(sSrc) )
-		return null;
-	let pUrl=new URL(sSrc);
-	return ( pUrl.origin=='https://www.youtube.com' && pUrl.pathname.indexOf('/embed/')==0 ) ? pUrl.href : null;
-}
-
-function CopyDescNodes( pSrc, pDst )
-{
-	for( let pNode=pSrc.firstChild;pNode!=null;pNode=pNode.nextSibling )
-	{
-		if( pNode.nodeType==Node.TEXT_NODE )
-		{
-			pDst.appendChild( document.createTextNode(pNode.nodeValue) );
-			continue;
-		}
-		if( pNode.nodeType!=Node.ELEMENT_NODE )
-			continue;
-		
-		let sTag=pNode.nodeName.toUpperCase();
-		if( sTag=='IFRAME' )
-		{
-			let sVideoUrl=GetYouTubeEmbedUrl(pNode);
-			if( sVideoUrl!=null )
-			{
-				let pLink=document.createElement('A');
-				pLink.setAttribute('href',sVideoUrl);
-				pLink.textContent=sVideoUrl;
-				pDst.appendChild(pLink);
-			}
-			continue;
-		}
-		if( $.inArray(sTag,DescDroppedTags)>=0 )
-			continue;
-		if( $.inArray(sTag,DescAllowedTags)<0 )
-		{
-			CopyDescNodes(pNode,pDst);
-			continue;
-		}
-		
-		let pElem=document.createElement(sTag);
-		if( sTag=='A' && IsHttpUrl(pNode.getAttribute('href')) )
-			pElem.setAttribute('href',pNode.getAttribute('href'));
-		else if( sTag=='IMG' )
-		{
-			if( !IsHttpsUrl(pNode.getAttribute('src')) )
-				continue;
-			pElem.setAttribute('src',pNode.getAttribute('src'));
-		}
-		$.each( DescAllowedAttrs[sTag]||[], function(i,sAttr){
-			let sValue=pNode.getAttribute(sAttr);
-			if( sValue!=null && ( $.inArray(sAttr,DescNumericAttrs)<0 || /^\d+$/.test(sValue) ) )
-				pElem.setAttribute(sAttr,sValue);
-		});
-		CopyDescNodes(pNode,pElem);
-		pDst.appendChild(pElem);
-	}
-}
-
-function SanitizeDescHtml( strHtml )
-{
-	let pFragment=document.createDocumentFragment();
-	// A DOMParser document is inert: it runs no scripts and loads no resources.
-	let pDoc=new DOMParser().parseFromString(strHtml,'text/html');
-	if( pDoc && pDoc.body )
-		CopyDescNodes(pDoc.body,pFragment);
-	return pFragment;
-}
-
 function ShowProfilelInfo( pProfile )
 {
 	//==========Profile Info==========
@@ -583,10 +483,10 @@ function ShowProfilelInfo( pProfile )
 	let sProfileAuthor=decodeURIComponent(pProfile.author);
 	let sProfileDesc=decodeURIComponent(pProfile.description);
 	
-	$('#ProfileName').text(sProfileName);
-    $('#ProfileAuthor').text(sProfileAuthor);
+	$('#ProfileName').html(sProfileName);
+    $('#ProfileAuthor').html(sProfileAuthor);
 		
-	$('#Profile_Desc').empty().append( SanitizeDescHtml( html_decode(sProfileDesc) ) );
+	$('#Profile_Desc').html( html_decode(sProfileDesc) );
 			
 	let ProfilePreviewList=pProfile.preview_img;				
    let TotalPreview=ProfilePreviewList.length;
@@ -599,14 +499,15 @@ function ShowProfilelInfo( pProfile )
 	
    if(TotalPreview>0)
 	{
-		$('#ProfilePreviewList').empty();
+		let htmlPreview='';
 		for(let pn=0;pn<TotalPreview;pn++)			
 		{	
 			let FTmpPath=ProfilePreviewList[pn]['filepath'];
 			
-			$('#ProfilePreviewList').append( $('<div class="swiper-slide"></div>').append( $('<img class="Model_PrevImg" />').attr('src',FTmpPath) ) );
+			htmlPreview+='<div class="swiper-slide"><img class="Model_PrevImg" src="'+FTmpPath+'" /></div>';
 		}
 			
+		$('#ProfilePreviewList').html(htmlPreview);
 		$('#Profile_Preview_Image').viewer({
 			title: false,
 		    fullsreen: false,
@@ -3476,14 +3476,6 @@ int CLI::run(int argc, char **argv)
        }
        new_variant_counts = old_variant_counts;
        //filament_variant_count = old_variant_counts;
-        //ORCA: lay the per-variant options out one value per variant of the current filaments before each
-        //      loaded filament replaces its own variants, including an option only a loaded filament
-        //      defines, which otherwise starts as a single default value and never reaches the others.
-        for (const DynamicPrintConfig &config : load_filaments_config)
-            for (const std::string &opt_key : filament_options_with_variant)
-                if (opt_key != "filament_extruder_variant" && config.has(opt_key))
-                    m_print_config.option(opt_key, true);
-        normalize_filament_values_to_variants(m_print_config);
        for (int index = 0; index < load_filaments_config.size(); index++) {
            DynamicPrintConfig&  config = load_filaments_config[index];
            int filament_index = load_filaments_index[index];
@@ -3655,25 +3647,6 @@ int CLI::run(int argc, char **argv)
                }
            }

-            //ORCA: a per-variant option the loaded filament does not define keeps the values of the
-            //      variants the filament already had, and a variant new to it takes its first one's.
-            const int old_start = old_start_indice[filament_index - 1];
-            std::vector<int> kept_variant_indice = new_variant_indice;
-            for (int &i : kept_variant_indice)
-                if (i < 0)
-                    i = old_start;
-            for (const std::string &opt_key : filament_options_with_variant) {
-                if (config.has(opt_key))
-                    continue;
-                auto *opt_vec_dst = dynamic_cast<ConfigOptionVectorBase *>(m_print_config.option(opt_key));
-                if (opt_vec_dst == nullptr || opt_vec_dst->size() < size_t(old_start + old_variant_count))
-                    continue;
-                // set_with_restore_2() pads its source in place
-                std::unique_ptr<ConfigOption> old_values(opt_vec_dst->clone());
-                opt_vec_dst->set_with_restore_2(static_cast<ConfigOptionVectorBase *>(old_values.get()), kept_variant_indice, old_start,
-                                                old_variant_count, true);
-            }
-
            //update the old index
            if (old_variant_count != new_variant_count)
            {
@@ -4108,9 +4081,6 @@ int CLI::run(int argc, char **argv)
    if (printer_technology == ptFFF) {
        fff_print_config.apply(m_print_config, true);
        m_print_config.apply(fff_print_config, true);
-        //ORCA: an option no preset or project defines has just come in as its single default value, and a
-        //      command line override may hold one value per filament.
-        normalize_filament_values_to_variants(m_print_config);
    } else {
        boost::nowide::cerr << "invalid printer_technology " << std::endl;
        record_exit_reson(outfile_dir, CLI_INVALID_PRINTER_TECH, 0, cli_errors[CLI_INVALID_PRINTER_TECH], sliced_info);
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 //BBS
 #include "Preset.hpp"
 #include "Exception.hpp"
+#include "InstanceLock.hpp"
 #include "LocalesUtils.hpp"
 #include "Thread.hpp"
 #include "format.hpp"
@@ -739,10 +740,13 @@ static bool verify_config_file_checksum(boost::nowide::ifstream &ifs)


 #ifdef USE_JSON_CONFIG
-std::string AppConfig::load()
+std::string AppConfig::load(bool read_only)
 {
    json j;

+    // Keep another instance from replacing or restoring the file mid-read.
+    InstanceLock instance_lock(read_only ? std::string() : lock_path());
+
    // 1) Read the complete config file into a boost::property_tree.
    namespace pt = boost::property_tree;
    pt::ptree tree;
@@ -992,7 +996,6 @@ void AppConfig::save()
    // The config is first written to a file with a PID suffix and then moved
    // to avoid race conditions with multiple instances of Slic3r
    const auto path = config_path();
-    std::string path_pid = (boost::format("%1%.%2%") % path % get_current_pid()).str();

    json j;

@@ -1122,43 +1125,18 @@ void AppConfig::save()

        j["local_machines"][local_machine.first] = m_json;
    }
-    boost::nowide::ofstream c;
-    c.open(path_pid, std::ios::out | std::ios::trunc);
-    c << j.dump(1, '\t') << std::endl;
-
-#ifdef WIN32
-    // WIN32 specific: The final "rename_file()" call is not safe in case of an application crash, there is no atomic "rename file" API
-    // provided by Windows (sic!). Therefore we save a MD5 checksum to be able to verify file corruption. In addition,
-    // we save the config file into a backup first before moving it to the final destination.
-    c << appconfig_md5_hash_line(j.dump(1, '\t'));
-#endif
-
-    c.close();
-    if (c.fail()) {
-      BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(error) << "Failed to write new configuration to " << path_pid << "; aborting attempt to overwrite original configuration";
-      return;
-    }
-
-#ifdef WIN32
-    // Make a backup of the configuration file before copying it to the final destination.
-    std::string error_message;
-    std::string backup_path = (boost::format("%1%.bak") % path).str();
-    // Copy configuration file with PID suffix into the configuration file with "bak" suffix.
-    if (copy_file(path_pid, backup_path, error_message, false) != SUCCESS)
-        BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(error) << "Copying from " << path_pid << " to " << backup_path << " failed. Failed to create a backup configuration.";
-#endif
-
-    // Rename the config atomically.
-    // On Windows, the rename is likely NOT atomic, thus it may fail if PrusaSlicer crashes on another thread in the meanwhile.
-    // To cope with that, we already made a backup of the config on Windows.
-    rename_file(path_pid, path);
-    m_dirty = false;
+    const std::string config_str = j.dump(1, '\t');
+    if (write_config_file(path, config_str + "\n", config_str))
+        m_dirty = false;
 }

 #else

-std::string AppConfig::load()
+std::string AppConfig::load(bool read_only)
 {
+    // Keep another instance from replacing or restoring the file mid-read.
+    InstanceLock instance_lock(read_only ? std::string() : lock_path());
+
    // 1) Read the complete config file into a boost::property_tree.
    namespace pt = boost::property_tree;
    pt::ptree tree;
@@ -1296,7 +1274,6 @@ void AppConfig::save()
    // The config is first written to a file with a PID suffix and then moved
    // to avoid race conditions with multiple instances of Slic3r
    const auto path = config_path();
-    std::string path_pid = (boost::format("%1%.%2%") % path % get_current_pid()).str();

    std::stringstream config_ss;
    if (m_mode == EAppMode::Editor)
@@ -1332,39 +1309,39 @@ void AppConfig::save()
    // One empty line before the MD5 sum.
    config_ss << std::endl;

-    std::string config_str = config_ss.str();
-    boost::nowide::ofstream c;
-    c.open(path_pid, std::ios::out | std::ios::trunc);
-    c << config_str;
-#ifdef WIN32
-    // WIN32 specific: The final "rename_file()" call is not safe in case of an application crash, there is no atomic "rename file" API
-    // provided by Windows (sic!). Therefore we save a MD5 checksum to be able to verify file corruption. In addition,
-    // we save the config file into a backup first before moving it to the final destination.
-    c << appconfig_md5_hash_line(config_str);
-#endif
-    c.close();
-    if (c.fail()) {
-      BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(error) << "Failed to write new configuration to " << path_pid << "; aborting attempt to overwrite original configuration";
-      return;
-    }
-
-#ifdef WIN32
-    // Make a backup of the configuration file before copying it to the final destination.
-    std::string error_message;
-    std::string backup_path = (boost::format("%1%.bak") % path).str();
-    // Copy configuration file with PID suffix into the configuration file with "bak" suffix.
-    if (copy_file(path_pid, backup_path, error_message, false) != SUCCESS)
-        BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(error) << "Copying from " << path_pid << " to " << backup_path << " failed. Failed to create a backup configuration.";
-#endif
-
-    // Rename the config atomically.
-    // On Windows, the rename is likely NOT atomic, thus it may fail if PrusaSlicer crashes on another thread in the meanwhile.
-    // To cope with that, we already made a backup of the config on Windows.
-    rename_file(path_pid, path);
-    m_dirty = false;
+    const std::string config_str = config_ss.str();
+    if (write_config_file(path, config_str, config_str))
+        m_dirty = false;
 }
 #endif

+bool AppConfig::write_config_file(const std::string &path, std::string body, const std::string &checksum_source)
+{
+    // Everything before this is assembly; only the writes need the other instances kept out.
+    InstanceLock instance_lock(lock_path());
+#ifdef WIN32
+    // WIN32 specific: the final replace is not safe in case of an application crash, there is no atomic "rename file" API
+    // provided by Windows (sic!). Therefore we save a MD5 checksum to be able to verify file corruption. In addition,
+    // we save the config file into a backup first before moving it to the final destination.
+    body += appconfig_md5_hash_line(checksum_source);
+#endif
+    // Not flushed to the device: the idle handler saves on the GUI thread after
+    // any change, and the rename already gives a complete old or new file.
+    if (const std::error_code ec = write_file_atomically(path, body)) {
+        BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(error) << "Failed to write the configuration " << path << ": " << ec.message() << "; trying again in 10 s";
+        m_retry_save_at = std::chrono::steady_clock::now() + std::chrono::seconds(10);
+        return false;
+    }
+    m_retry_save_at = {};
+#ifdef WIN32
+    // Written after the config, so the backup never holds a state that was not confirmed written.
+    const std::string backup_path = (boost::format("%1%.bak") % path).str();
+    if (const std::error_code ec = write_file_atomically(backup_path, body))
+        BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(error) << "Failed to write the backup configuration " << backup_path << ": " << ec.message();
+#endif
+    return true;
+}
+
 bool AppConfig::get_variant(const std::string &vendor, const std::string &model, const std::string &variant) const
 {
    const auto it_v = m_vendors.find(vendor);
@@ -1853,6 +1830,11 @@ void AppConfig::reset_selections()
    }
 }

+std::string AppConfig::lock_path()
+{
+    return Slic3r::data_dir().empty() ? std::string() : config_path() + ".lock";
+}
+
 std::string AppConfig::config_path()
 {
 #ifdef USE_JSON_CONFIG
@@ -1889,7 +1871,7 @@ bool AppConfig::exists()

 std::string AppConfig::load_if_exists()
 {
-    return boost::filesystem::exists(loading_path()) ? load() : std::string();
+    return boost::filesystem::exists(loading_path()) ? load(/*read_only=*/true) : std::string();
 }

 }; // namespace Slic3r
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 #define slic3r_AppConfig_hpp_

 #include <set>
+#include <chrono>
 #include <map>
 #include <string>
 #include "nlohmann/json.hpp"
@@ -122,14 +123,18 @@ public:

 	// Load the slic3r.ini from a user profile directory (or a datadir, if configured).
 	// Return an error string, or an empty string on success.
-	std::string         load();
+	std::string         load(bool read_only = false);
 	// Treat a missing config as default state; otherwise load it normally.
+	// The CLI's load: it never saves, so it takes no lock and creates no lock file.
 	std::string         load_if_exists();
 	// Store the slic3r.ini into a user profile directory (or a datadir, if configured).
 	void 			   	save();

 	// Does this config need to be saved?
 	bool 				dirty() const { return m_dirty; }
+	// False for ten seconds after a failed write, so the idle handler does not
+	// repeat a hopeless attempt on every event; an explicit save() always tries.
+	bool 				save_due() const { return std::chrono::steady_clock::now() >= m_retry_save_at; }


 	void				set_dirty() { m_dirty = true; }
@@ -339,6 +344,8 @@ public:

 	// Get the default config path from Slic3r::data_dir().
 	std::string			config_path();
+	// Lock file guarding config_path() against other running instances; empty without a data dir.
+	std::string			lock_path();

 	// Returns true if the user's data directory comes from before Slic3r 1.40.0 (no updating)
 	bool 				legacy_datadir() const { return m_legacy_datadir; }
@@ -449,8 +456,16 @@ private:

 	// Preset for each machine
 	MachineSettingMap											m_printer_settings;
+	// Writes the assembled config text, and on Windows its checksum and a backup copy; false when the
+	// config itself could not be written, in which case the caller stays dirty and retries. `checksum_source`
+	// is the text load() will verify, which for the JSON config ends before the trailing newline.
+	bool												write_config_file(const std::string &path, std::string body, const std::string &checksum_source);
+
 	// Has any value been modified since the config.ini has been last saved or loaded?
 	bool														m_dirty;
+	// After a failed write, save_due() is false for the next ten seconds, so the
+	// idle handler does not repeat a hopeless write on every event.
+	std::chrono::steady_clock::time_point						m_retry_save_at{};
 	// Original version found in the ini file before it was overwritten
 	Semver                                                      m_orig_version;
 	// Whether the existing version is before system profiles & configuration updating
@@ -306,6 +306,8 @@ set(lisbslic3r_sources
    Geometry/VoronoiUtils.cpp
    Geometry/VoronoiUtils.hpp
    Geometry/VoronoiVisualUtils.hpp
+    InstanceLock.cpp
+    InstanceLock.hpp
    Int128.hpp
    KDTreeIndirect.hpp
    Layer.cpp
@@ -355,6 +357,7 @@ set(lisbslic3r_sources
    Optimize/Optimizer.hpp
    Orient.cpp
    Orient.hpp
+    ParallelResolve.hpp
    ParameterUtils.cpp
    ParameterUtils.hpp
    pchheader.cpp
@@ -849,6 +849,19 @@ ConfigSubstitutions ConfigBase::load_from_json(const std::string &file, ForwardC
    return std::move(substitutions_ctxt.substitutions);
 }

+// Case-insensitive compare of a JSON key against a fixed ASCII one, without
+// boost::iequals, whose std::locale() takes a lock the whole process shares in the
+// MSVC runtime.
+static bool ascii_iequals(const std::string &key, const char *literal)
+{
+    auto lower = [](char c) { return (c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z') ? char(c - 'A' + 'a') : c; };
+    size_t i = 0;
+    for (; i < key.size() && literal[i] != '\0'; ++ i)
+        if (lower(key[i]) != lower(literal[i]))
+            return false;
+    return i == key.size() && literal[i] == '\0';
+}
+
 int ConfigBase::load_from_json(const std::string &file, ConfigSubstitutionContext& substitution_context, bool load_inherits_to_config, std::map<std::string, std::string>& key_values, std::string& reason)
 {
    json j;
@@ -916,44 +929,44 @@ int ConfigBase::load_from_json(const std::string &file, ConfigSubstitutionContex
        }
        //parse the json elements
        for (auto it = j.begin(); it != j.end(); it++) {
-            if (boost::iequals(it.key(),BBL_JSON_KEY_VERSION)) {
+            if (ascii_iequals(it.key(), BBL_JSON_KEY_VERSION)) {
                key_values.emplace(BBL_JSON_KEY_VERSION, it.value());
            }
-            else if (boost::iequals(it.key(), BBL_JSON_KEY_IS_CUSTOM)) {
+            else if (ascii_iequals(it.key(), BBL_JSON_KEY_IS_CUSTOM)) {
                //skip it
            }
-            else if (boost::iequals(it.key(), BBL_JSON_KEY_NAME)) {
+            else if (ascii_iequals(it.key(), BBL_JSON_KEY_NAME)) {
                key_values.emplace(BBL_JSON_KEY_NAME, it.value());
                if (it.value() == "project_settings")
                    is_project_settings = true;
            }
-            else if (boost::iequals(it.key(), BBL_JSON_KEY_URL)) {
+            else if (ascii_iequals(it.key(), BBL_JSON_KEY_URL)) {
                key_values.emplace(BBL_JSON_KEY_URL, it.value());
            }
-            else if (boost::iequals(it.key(), BBL_JSON_KEY_TYPE)) {
+            else if (ascii_iequals(it.key(), BBL_JSON_KEY_TYPE)) {
                key_values.emplace(BBL_JSON_KEY_TYPE, it.value());
            }
-            else if (boost::iequals(it.key(), BBL_JSON_KEY_SETTING_ID)) {
+            else if (ascii_iequals(it.key(), BBL_JSON_KEY_SETTING_ID)) {
                key_values.emplace(BBL_JSON_KEY_SETTING_ID, it.value());
            }
-            else if (boost::iequals(it.key(), BBL_JSON_KEY_FILAMENT_ID)) {
+            else if (ascii_iequals(it.key(), BBL_JSON_KEY_FILAMENT_ID)) {
                key_values.emplace(BBL_JSON_KEY_FILAMENT_ID, it.value());
            }
-            else if (boost::iequals(it.key(), BBL_JSON_KEY_FROM)) {
+            else if (ascii_iequals(it.key(), BBL_JSON_KEY_FROM)) {
                key_values.emplace(BBL_JSON_KEY_FROM, it.value());
            }
-            else if (boost::iequals(it.key(), BBL_JSON_KEY_DESCRIPTION)) {
+            else if (ascii_iequals(it.key(), BBL_JSON_KEY_DESCRIPTION)) {
                key_values.emplace(BBL_JSON_KEY_DESCRIPTION, it.value());
            }
-            else if (boost::iequals(it.key(), BBL_JSON_KEY_INSTANTIATION)) {
+            else if (ascii_iequals(it.key(), BBL_JSON_KEY_INSTANTIATION)) {
                key_values.emplace(BBL_JSON_KEY_INSTANTIATION, it.value());
            }
-            else if (!load_inherits_to_config && boost::iequals(it.key(), BBL_JSON_KEY_INHERITS)) {
+            else if (!load_inherits_to_config && ascii_iequals(it.key(), BBL_JSON_KEY_INHERITS)) {
                key_values.emplace(BBL_JSON_KEY_INHERITS, it.value());
            }
-            else if (!load_inherits_to_config && boost::iequals(it.key(), BBL_JSON_KEY_INCLUDES)) {
+            else if (!load_inherits_to_config && ascii_iequals(it.key(), BBL_JSON_KEY_INCLUDES)) {
                key_values.emplace(BBL_JSON_KEY_INCLUDES, it.value().dump());
-            } else if (boost::iequals(it.key(), ORCA_JSON_KEY_RENAMED_FROM)) {
+            } else if (ascii_iequals(it.key(), ORCA_JSON_KEY_RENAMED_FROM)) {
                key_values.emplace(ORCA_JSON_KEY_RENAMED_FROM, it.value());
            } else {
                t_config_option_key opt_key = it.key();
@@ -1525,12 +1538,10 @@ void ConfigBase::save_to_json(const std::string &file, const std::string &name,
    // Serialize first: if that throws (invalid UTF-8), the existing file stays untouched.
    std::ostringstream ss;
    this->save_to_json(ss, name, from, version);
-    boost::nowide::ofstream c;
-    c.open(file, std::ios::out | std::ios::trunc);
-    c << ss.str();
-    c.close();
-
-    BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(info) << __FUNCTION__ << ":" <<__LINE__ << boost::format(", saved config to %1%\n")%file;
+    if (const std::error_code ec = write_file_atomically(file, ss.str()))
+        BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(error) << __FUNCTION__ << boost::format(": failed to save config to %1%: %2%") % file % ec.message();
+    else
+        BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(info) << __FUNCTION__ << ":" <<__LINE__ << boost::format(", saved config to %1%\n")%file;
 }

 void ConfigBase::save_to_json(std::ostream &os, const std::string &name, const std::string &from, const std::string &version, bool replace_invalid_utf8) const
@@ -141,7 +141,7 @@ bool load_obj(const char *path, TriangleMesh *meshptr, ObjInfo& obj_info, std::s
                its.indices.emplace_back(indices[0], indices[1], indices[2]);
                int  face_index =its.indices.size() - 1;
                RGBA face_color;
-                auto set_face_color = [&uvs, &data, &mtl_data, &obj_info, &face_color](int face_index, const std::string mtl_name, const std::array<int, 3> &corners) {
+                auto set_face_color = [&uvs, &data, &mtl_data, &obj_info, &face_color](int face_index, const std::string mtl_name) {
                    if (mtl_data.new_mtl_unmap.find(mtl_name) != mtl_data.new_mtl_unmap.end()) {
                        bool is_merge_ka_kd = true;
                        for (size_t n = 0; n < 3; n++) {
@@ -174,7 +174,7 @@ bool load_obj(const char *path, TriangleMesh *meshptr, ObjInfo& obj_info, std::s
                                    return Vec2f::Zero();
                                return Vec2f(data.textureCoordinates[idx * OBJ_TEXCOORD_LENGTH], data.textureCoordinates[idx * OBJ_TEXCOORD_LENGTH + 1]);
                            };
-                            std::array<Vec2f, 3> uv_array{uv_at(uvs[corners[0]]), uv_at(uvs[corners[1]]), uv_at(uvs[corners[2]])};
+                            std::array<Vec2f, 3> uv_array{uv_at(uvs[0]), uv_at(uvs[1]), uv_at(uvs[2])};
                            obj_info.uvs.emplace_back(uv_array);
                        }
                        obj_info.face_colors.emplace_back(face_color);
@@ -185,27 +185,27 @@ bool load_obj(const char *path, TriangleMesh *meshptr, ObjInfo& obj_info, std::s
                        }
                    }
                };
-                auto set_face_color_by_mtl = [&data, &set_face_color](int face_index, const std::array<int, 3> &corners) {
+                auto set_face_color_by_mtl = [&data, &set_face_color](int face_index) {
                    if (data.usemtls.size() == 1) {
-                        set_face_color(face_index, data.usemtls[0].name, corners);
+                        set_face_color(face_index, data.usemtls[0].name);
                    } else {
                        for (size_t k = 0; k < data.usemtls.size(); k++) {
                            auto mtl = data.usemtls[k];
                            if (face_index >= mtl.face_start && face_index <= mtl.face_end) {
-                                set_face_color(face_index, data.usemtls[k].name, corners);
+                                set_face_color(face_index, data.usemtls[k].name);
                                break;
                            }
                        }
                    }
                };
                if (exist_mtl) {
-                    set_face_color_by_mtl(face_index, {0, 1, 2});
+                    set_face_color_by_mtl(face_index);
                }
                if (cnt == 4) {
                    its.indices.emplace_back(indices[0], indices[2], indices[3]);
                    int face_index = its.indices.size() - 1;
                    if (exist_mtl) {
-                        set_face_color_by_mtl(face_index, {0, 2, 3});
+                        set_face_color_by_mtl(face_index);
                    }
                }
            }
@@ -217,12 +217,8 @@ bool load_obj(const char *path, TriangleMesh *meshptr, ObjInfo& obj_info, std::s
        message = _L("This OBJ file couldn't be read because it's empty.");
        return false;
    }
-    if (meshptr->volume() < 0) {
+    if (meshptr->volume() < 0)
        meshptr->flip_triangles();
-        // Flipping swaps corners 1 and 2 of every face, so the UVs have to follow.
-        for (std::array<Vec2f, 3> &uv : obj_info.uvs)
-            std::swap(uv[1], uv[2]);
-    }
    // Hand the parsed material table back so callers can build a TexturedMesh from it.
    if (out_mtl)
        *out_mtl = mtl_data;
@@ -1497,7 +1497,12 @@ static std::vector<Vec2d> get_path_of_change_filament(const Print& print)
        check_add_eol(toolchange_gcode_str);

        // SoftFever: set new PA for new filament
-        gcode += gcodegen.set_filament_pressure_advance(new_filament_id);
+        if (gcodegen.config().enable_pressure_advance.get_at(new_filament_id)) {
+            gcode += gcodegen.writer().set_pressure_advance(gcodegen.config().pressure_advance.get_at(new_filament_id));
+            // Orca: Adaptive PA
+            // Reset Adaptive PA processor last PA value
+            gcodegen.m_pa_processor->resetPreviousPA(gcodegen.config().pressure_advance.get_at(new_filament_id));
+        }

        // A phony move to the end position at the wipe tower.
        gcodegen.writer().travel_to_xy((end_pos + plate_origin_2d).cast<double>());
@@ -1821,8 +1826,12 @@ static std::vector<Vec2d> get_path_of_change_filament(const Print& print)
        check_add_eol(toolchange_gcode_str);

        // SoftFever: set new PA for new filament
-        if (new_extruder_id != -1)
-            gcode += gcodegen.set_filament_pressure_advance(new_extruder_id);
+        if (new_extruder_id != -1 && gcodegen.config().enable_pressure_advance.get_at(new_extruder_id)) {
+            gcode += gcodegen.writer().set_pressure_advance(gcodegen.config().pressure_advance.get_at(new_extruder_id));
+            // Orca: Adaptive PA
+            // Reset Adaptive PA processor last PA value
+            gcodegen.m_pa_processor->resetPreviousPA(gcodegen.config().pressure_advance.get_at(new_extruder_id));
+        }

        // A phony move to the end position at the wipe tower.
        gcodegen.writer().travel_to_xy((end_pos + plate_origin_2d).cast<double>());
@@ -3223,7 +3232,7 @@ void GCode::_do_export(Print& print, GCodeOutputStream &file, ThumbnailsGenerato
    m_cooling_buffer->set_current_extruder(initial_extruder_id, extruder_id);

    // Orca: Initialise AdaptivePA processor filter
-    m_pa_processor = std::make_unique<AdaptivePAProcessor>(*this);
+    m_pa_processor = std::make_unique<AdaptivePAProcessor>(*this, tool_ordering.all_extruders());

    // Update output variables after the extruders were initialized.
    m_placeholder_parser_integration.init(m_writer);
@@ -3788,7 +3797,12 @@ void GCode::_do_export(Print& print, GCodeOutputStream &file, ThumbnailsGenerato
            }
        }
        // Orca: add missing PA settings for initial filament
-        file.write(set_filament_pressure_advance(initial_non_support_extruder_id));
+        if (m_config.enable_pressure_advance.get_at(initial_non_support_extruder_id)) {
+            file.write(m_writer.set_pressure_advance(m_config.pressure_advance.get_at(initial_non_support_extruder_id)));
+            // Orca: Adaptive PA
+            // Reset Adaptive PA processor last PA value
+            m_pa_processor->resetPreviousPA(m_config.pressure_advance.get_at(initial_non_support_extruder_id));
+        }
    }

    //flush FanMover buffer to avoid modifying the start gcode if it's manual.
@@ -8376,16 +8390,12 @@ std::string GCode::_extrude(const ExtrusionPath &path, std::string description,
    
    // Orca: Dynamic PA
    // If adaptive PA is enabled, by default evaluate PA on all extrusion moves
-    // The PA settings and the PA_CHANGE tags use the filament config index of the filament's extruder variant
-    const unsigned int pa_config_index = (unsigned int) get_filament_config_index(m_writer.filament()->id());
-    const bool adaptive_pa = m_config.adaptive_pressure_advance.get_at(pa_config_index) && m_config.enable_pressure_advance.get_at(pa_config_index);
-    const bool adaptive_pa_overhangs = adaptive_pa && m_config.adaptive_pressure_advance_overhangs.get_at(pa_config_index);
    bool is_pa_calib = m_curr_print->calib_mode() == CalibMode::Calib_PA_Line ||
                       m_curr_print->calib_mode() == CalibMode::Calib_PA_Pattern ||
                       m_curr_print->calib_mode() == CalibMode::Calib_PA_Tower;
    bool evaluate_adaptive_pa = false;
    bool role_change = (m_last_extrusion_role != path.role());
-    if (!is_pa_calib && adaptive_pa) {
+    if (!is_pa_calib && FILAMENT_CONFIG(adaptive_pressure_advance) && FILAMENT_CONFIG(enable_pressure_advance)) {
        evaluate_adaptive_pa = true;
        // If we have already emmited a PA change because the m_multi_flow_segment_path_pa_set is set
        // skip re-issuing the PA change tag.
@@ -8468,7 +8478,7 @@ std::string GCode::_extrude(const ExtrusionPath &path, std::string description,
    // Post processor flag generation code segment when option to emit only at role changes is enabled
    // Variables published to the post processor:
    // 1) Tag to trigger a PA evaluation (because a role change was identified and the user has requested dynamic PA adjustments)
-    // 2) Current filament config index (to identify the PA model for the currently used filament and its extruder variant)
+    // 2) Current extruder ID (to identify the PA model for the currently used extruder)
    // 3) mm3_per_mm value (to then multiply by the final model print speed after slowdown for cooling is applied)
    // 4) the current acceleration (to pass to the model for evaluation)
    // 5) whether this is an external perimeter (for future use)
@@ -8479,7 +8489,7 @@ std::string GCode::_extrude(const ExtrusionPath &path, std::string description,
        if (m_multi_flow_segment_path_average_mm3_per_mm > 0) {
            sprintf(buf, ";%sT%u MM3MM:%g ACCEL:%u BR:%d RC:%d OV:%d\n",
                    GCodeProcessor::reserved_tag(GCodeProcessor::ETags::PA_Change).c_str(),
-                    pa_config_index,
+                    m_writer.filament()->id(),
                    m_multi_flow_segment_path_average_mm3_per_mm,
                    acceleration_i,
                    ((path.role() == erBridgeInfill) ||(path.role() == erOverhangPerimeter)),
@@ -8492,7 +8502,7 @@ std::string GCode::_extrude(const ExtrusionPath &path, std::string description,
                                    // to issue a zero flow PA change command for this
            sprintf(buf, ";%sT%u MM3MM:%g ACCEL:%u BR:%d RC:%d OV:%d\n",
                    GCodeProcessor::reserved_tag(GCodeProcessor::ETags::PA_Change).c_str(),
-                    pa_config_index,
+                    m_writer.filament()->id(),
                    _mm3_per_mm,
                    acceleration_i,
                    ((path.role() == erBridgeInfill) ||(path.role() == erOverhangPerimeter)),
@@ -8600,7 +8610,11 @@ std::string GCode::_extrude(const ExtrusionPath &path, std::string description,
            // or a flow change, so emit the flag to evaluate PA for the upcomming extrusion
            // Emit tag before new speed is set so the post processor reads the next speed immediately and uses it.
            // Dont emit tag if it has just already been emitted from a role change above
-            if(_mm3_per_mm >0 && adaptive_pa_overhangs && !evaluate_adaptive_pa){
+            if(_mm3_per_mm >0 &&
+               FILAMENT_CONFIG(adaptive_pressure_advance) &&
+               FILAMENT_CONFIG(enable_pressure_advance) &&
+               FILAMENT_CONFIG(adaptive_pressure_advance_overhangs) &&
+               !evaluate_adaptive_pa){
                if(writer().get_current_speed() > F){ // Ramping down speed - use overhang logic where the minimum speed is used between current and upcoming extrusion
                    if(m_config.gcode_comments){
                        sprintf(buf, "; Ramp down-non-variable\n");
@@ -8608,7 +8622,7 @@ std::string GCode::_extrude(const ExtrusionPath &path, std::string description,
                    }
                    sprintf(buf, ";%sT%u MM3MM:%g ACCEL:%u BR:%d RC:%d OV:%d\n",
                            GCodeProcessor::reserved_tag(GCodeProcessor::ETags::PA_Change).c_str(),
-                            pa_config_index,
+                            m_writer.filament()->id(),
                            _mm3_per_mm,
                            acceleration_i,
                            ((path.role() == erBridgeInfill) ||(path.role() == erOverhangPerimeter)),
@@ -8623,7 +8637,7 @@ std::string GCode::_extrude(const ExtrusionPath &path, std::string description,
                    }
                    sprintf(buf, ";%sT%u MM3MM:%g ACCEL:%u BR:%d RC:%d OV:%d\n",
                            GCodeProcessor::reserved_tag(GCodeProcessor::ETags::PA_Change).c_str(),
-                            pa_config_index,
+                            m_writer.filament()->id(),
                            _mm3_per_mm,
                            acceleration_i,
                            ((path.role() == erBridgeInfill) ||(path.role() == erOverhangPerimeter)),
@@ -8829,7 +8843,10 @@ std::string GCode::_extrude(const ExtrusionPath &path, std::string description,
                // ORCA: Adaptive PA code segment when adjusting PA within the same feature
                // There is a speed change or flow change so emit the flag to evaluate PA for the upcomming extrusion
                // Emit tag before new speed is set so the post processor reads the next speed immediately and uses it.
-                if(_mm3_per_mm >0 && adaptive_pa_overhangs){
+                if(_mm3_per_mm >0   &&
+                   EXTRUDER_CONFIG(adaptive_pressure_advance) &&
+                   EXTRUDER_CONFIG(enable_pressure_advance) &&
+                   EXTRUDER_CONFIG(adaptive_pressure_advance_overhangs) ){
                    if(last_set_speed > new_speed){ // Ramping down speed - use overhang logic where the minimum speed is used between current and upcoming extrusion
                        if(m_config.gcode_comments) {
                            sprintf(buf, "; Ramp up-variable\n");
@@ -8837,7 +8854,7 @@ std::string GCode::_extrude(const ExtrusionPath &path, std::string description,
                        }
                        sprintf(buf, ";%sT%u MM3MM:%g ACCEL:%u BR:%d RC:%d OV:%d\n",
                                GCodeProcessor::reserved_tag(GCodeProcessor::ETags::PA_Change).c_str(),
-                                pa_config_index,
+                                m_writer.filament()->id(),
                                _mm3_per_mm,
                                acceleration_i,
                                ((path.role() == erBridgeInfill) ||(path.role() == erOverhangPerimeter)),
@@ -8852,7 +8869,7 @@ std::string GCode::_extrude(const ExtrusionPath &path, std::string description,
                        }
                        sprintf(buf, ";%sT%u MM3MM:%g ACCEL:%u BR:%d RC:%d OV:%d\n",
                                GCodeProcessor::reserved_tag(GCodeProcessor::ETags::PA_Change).c_str(),
-                                pa_config_index,
+                                m_writer.filament()->id(),
                                _mm3_per_mm,
                                acceleration_i,
                                ((path.role() == erBridgeInfill) ||(path.role() == erOverhangPerimeter)),
@@ -9405,29 +9422,33 @@ void GCode::update_placeholder_parser_with_variant_params()
    if (num_filaments == 0)
        return;

-    // Helper: remap config arrays from variant index space to filament_id index space.
+    // Helpers: remap config arrays from variant index space to filament_id index space.
    // After remapping, gcode templates can use param[filament_id] directly.
-    auto remap_by_filament = [&](const auto &src) {
-        std::decay_t<decltype(src.values)> dst(num_filaments);
+    auto remap_floats_by_filament = [&](const auto &src) {
+        std::vector<double> dst(num_filaments);
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < num_filaments; ++i)
+            dst[i] = src.get_at(get_filament_config_index(i));
+        return dst;
+    };
+    auto remap_ints_by_filament = [&](const auto &src) {
+        std::vector<int> dst(num_filaments);
        for (size_t i = 0; i < num_filaments; ++i)
            dst[i] = src.get_at(get_filament_config_index(i));
        return dst;
    };

    // --- filament_options_with_variant: gcode indexes by filament_id ---
-    this->placeholder_parser().set("filament_max_volumetric_speed",       new ConfigOptionFloats(remap_by_filament(m_config.filament_max_volumetric_speed)));
-    this->placeholder_parser().set("filament_pre_cooling_temperature",    new ConfigOptionInts(remap_by_filament(m_config.filament_pre_cooling_temperature)));
-    this->placeholder_parser().set("filament_pre_cooling_temperature_nc", new ConfigOptionInts(remap_by_filament(m_config.filament_pre_cooling_temperature_nc)));
-    this->placeholder_parser().set("filament_cooling_before_tower",       new ConfigOptionFloats(remap_by_filament(m_config.filament_cooling_before_tower)));
-    this->placeholder_parser().set("nozzle_temperature_initial_layer",    new ConfigOptionInts(remap_by_filament(m_config.nozzle_temperature_initial_layer)));
-    this->placeholder_parser().set("nozzle_temperature",                  new ConfigOptionInts(remap_by_filament(m_config.nozzle_temperature)));
+    this->placeholder_parser().set("filament_max_volumetric_speed",       new ConfigOptionFloats(remap_floats_by_filament(m_config.filament_max_volumetric_speed)));
+    this->placeholder_parser().set("filament_pre_cooling_temperature",    new ConfigOptionInts(remap_ints_by_filament(m_config.filament_pre_cooling_temperature)));
+    this->placeholder_parser().set("filament_pre_cooling_temperature_nc", new ConfigOptionInts(remap_ints_by_filament(m_config.filament_pre_cooling_temperature_nc)));
+    this->placeholder_parser().set("filament_cooling_before_tower",       new ConfigOptionFloats(remap_floats_by_filament(m_config.filament_cooling_before_tower)));
+    this->placeholder_parser().set("nozzle_temperature_initial_layer",    new ConfigOptionInts(remap_ints_by_filament(m_config.nozzle_temperature_initial_layer)));
+    this->placeholder_parser().set("nozzle_temperature",                  new ConfigOptionInts(remap_ints_by_filament(m_config.nozzle_temperature)));
    // first_layer_temperature is a legacy alias of nozzle_temperature_initial_layer
-    this->placeholder_parser().set("first_layer_temperature",             new ConfigOptionInts(remap_by_filament(m_config.nozzle_temperature_initial_layer)));
-    this->placeholder_parser().set("pressure_advance",                    new ConfigOptionFloats(remap_by_filament(m_config.pressure_advance)));
-    this->placeholder_parser().set("enable_pressure_advance",             new ConfigOptionBools(remap_by_filament(m_config.enable_pressure_advance)));
+    this->placeholder_parser().set("first_layer_temperature",             new ConfigOptionInts(remap_ints_by_filament(m_config.nozzle_temperature_initial_layer)));

    // --- printer_options_with_variant_1: in m_config these are already merged as filament-indexed ---
-    this->placeholder_parser().set("retraction_distances_when_cut",       new ConfigOptionFloats(remap_by_filament(m_config.retraction_distances_when_cut)));
+    this->placeholder_parser().set("retraction_distances_when_cut",       new ConfigOptionFloats(remap_floats_by_filament(m_config.retraction_distances_when_cut)));
    // hotend_cooling_rate / hotend_heating_rate: gcode uses [filament_map[x]-1] (extruder_id), no remap needed

    // --- filament_map: per-layer dynamic, sync from m_config to placeholder_parser ---
@@ -9437,10 +9458,10 @@ void GCode::update_placeholder_parser_with_variant_params()
    {
        // Fast purge mode uses filament_flush_temp_fast; Default is inert.
        bool use_fast_flush = m_config.prime_volume_mode == PrimeVolumeMode::pvmFast;
-        auto flush_v_speed  = remap_by_filament(m_config.filament_flush_volumetric_speed);
-        auto filament_max_v = remap_by_filament(m_config.filament_max_volumetric_speed);
-        auto flush_temps    = remap_by_filament(use_fast_flush ? m_config.filament_flush_temp_fast
-                                                               : m_config.filament_flush_temp);
+        auto flush_v_speed  = remap_floats_by_filament(m_config.filament_flush_volumetric_speed);
+        auto filament_max_v = remap_floats_by_filament(m_config.filament_max_volumetric_speed);
+        auto flush_temps    = remap_ints_by_filament(use_fast_flush ? m_config.filament_flush_temp_fast
+                                                                    : m_config.filament_flush_temp);
        for (size_t i = 0; i < num_filaments; ++i) {
            if (flush_v_speed[i] == 0)
                flush_v_speed[i] = filament_max_v[i];
@@ -9492,7 +9513,12 @@ std::string GCode::set_extruder(unsigned int new_filament_id, double print_z, bo
            gcode += this->placeholder_parser_process("filament_start_gcode", filament_start_gcode, new_filament_id, &config);
            check_add_eol(gcode);
        }
-        gcode += set_filament_pressure_advance(new_filament_id);
+        if (m_config.enable_pressure_advance.get_at(new_filament_id)) {
+            gcode += m_writer.set_pressure_advance(m_config.pressure_advance.get_at(new_filament_id));
+            // Orca: Adaptive PA
+            // Reset Adaptive PA processor last PA value
+            m_pa_processor->resetPreviousPA(m_config.pressure_advance.get_at(new_filament_id));
+        }

        gcode += m_writer.toolchange(new_filament_id, new_extruder_id);
        if (Extruder *fil = m_writer.filament())
@@ -9883,24 +9909,18 @@ std::string GCode::set_extruder(unsigned int new_filament_id, double print_z, bo
    if (m_ooze_prevention.enable && !defer_temp_wait)
        gcode += m_ooze_prevention.post_toolchange(*this);

-    gcode += set_filament_pressure_advance(new_filament_id);
+    if (m_config.enable_pressure_advance.get_at(new_filament_id)) {
+        gcode += m_writer.set_pressure_advance(m_config.pressure_advance.get_at(new_filament_id));
+        // Orca: Adaptive PA
+        // Reset Adaptive PA processor last PA value
+        m_pa_processor->resetPreviousPA(m_config.pressure_advance.get_at(new_filament_id));
+    }
    //Orca: tool changer or IDEX's firmware may change Z position, so we set it to unknown/undefined
    m_last_pos_defined = false;

    return gcode;
 }

-std::string GCode::set_filament_pressure_advance(unsigned int filament_id)
-{
-    const size_t fi = get_filament_config_index(filament_id);
-    if (!m_config.enable_pressure_advance.get_at(fi))
-        return {};
-    // Orca: Adaptive PA
-    // Reset Adaptive PA processor last PA value
-    m_pa_processor->resetPreviousPA(m_config.pressure_advance.get_at(fi));
-    return m_writer.set_pressure_advance(m_config.pressure_advance.get_at(fi));
-}
-
 inline std::string polygon_to_string(const Polygon &polygon, Print *print, bool is_print_space = false) {
    std::ostringstream gcode;
    gcode << "[";
@@ -281,8 +281,6 @@ public:
    // extra_retract forwards a PETG pre-extrusion over-extrusion; default 0 -> identical to the plain deretract.
    std::string     unretract(float extra_retract = 0.f) { return m_writer.unlift() + m_writer.unretract(extra_retract); }
    std::string     set_extruder(unsigned int extruder_id, double print_z, bool by_object=false, int toolchange_temp_override = -1, bool defer_temp_wait = false);
-    // Sets the pressure advance of the filament's extruder variant, if enabled for it.
-    std::string     set_filament_pressure_advance(unsigned int filament_id);
    bool is_BBL_Printer();
    WipeTowerType wipe_tower_type();

@@ -21,30 +21,38 @@ namespace Slic3r {
 *
 * @param gcodegen A reference to the GCode object that generates the G-code.
 */
-AdaptivePAProcessor::AdaptivePAProcessor(GCode &gcodegen)
+AdaptivePAProcessor::AdaptivePAProcessor(GCode &gcodegen, const std::vector<unsigned int> &tools_used)
    : m_gcodegen(gcodegen),
      m_config(gcodegen.config()),
      m_last_predicted_pa(0.0),
      m_max_next_feedrate(0.0),
      m_next_feedrate(0.0),
      m_current_feedrate(0.0),
-      m_last_config_index(-1),
+      m_last_extruder_id(-1),
      m_pa_change_pattern(R"(; PA_CHANGE:T(\d+) MM3MM:([0-9]*\.[0-9]+) ACCEL:(\d+) BR:(\d+) RC:(\d+) OV:(\d+))"),
      m_g1_f_pattern(R"(G1 F([0-9]+))")
 {
+    // Constructor body can be used for further initialization if necessary
+    for (unsigned int tool : tools_used) {
+        // Only enable model for the tool if both PA and adaptive PA options are enabled
+        if(m_config.adaptive_pressure_advance.get_at(tool) && m_config.enable_pressure_advance.get_at(tool)){
+            auto interpolator = std::make_unique<AdaptivePAInterpolator>();
+            // Get calibration values from extruder
+            std::string pa_calibration_values = m_config.adaptive_pressure_advance_model.get_at(tool);
+            // Setup the model and store it in the tool-interpolation model map
+            interpolator->parseAndSetData(pa_calibration_values);
+            m_AdaptivePAInterpolators[tool] = std::move(interpolator);
+        }
+    }
 }

-// Method to get the interpolator for a specific filament config index.
-// The model is built the first time an index is requested, as the indices in use depend on
-// the extruder variant each filament prints with.
-AdaptivePAInterpolator* AdaptivePAProcessor::getInterpolator(unsigned int config_index) {
-    auto [it, inserted] = m_AdaptivePAInterpolators.try_emplace(config_index);
-    // Only enable model for the index if both PA and adaptive PA options are enabled
-    if (inserted && m_config.adaptive_pressure_advance.get_at(config_index) && m_config.enable_pressure_advance.get_at(config_index)) {
-        it->second = std::make_unique<AdaptivePAInterpolator>();
-        it->second->parseAndSetData(m_config.adaptive_pressure_advance_model.get_at(config_index));
+// Method to get the interpolator for a specific tool ID
+AdaptivePAInterpolator* AdaptivePAProcessor::getInterpolator(unsigned int tool_id) {
+    auto it = m_AdaptivePAInterpolators.find(tool_id);
+    if (it != m_AdaptivePAInterpolators.end()) {
+        return it->second.get();
    }
-    return it->second.get();
+    return nullptr;  // Handle the case where the tool_id was not found
 }

 /**
@@ -100,17 +108,16 @@ std::string AdaptivePAProcessor::process_layer(std::string &&gcode) {
        // the PA for that material is set. As no tag below will be found for this extruder, the original PA is retained.
        if (line.find("; PA_CHANGE") == 0) { // prune lines quickly before running regex check as regex is more expensive to run
            if (std::regex_search(line, m_match, m_pa_change_pattern)) {
-                // The tag carries the filament config index, which selects the PA settings of the filament's extruder variant
-                int config_index = std::stoi(m_match[1].str());
+                int extruder_id = std::stoi(m_match[1].str());
                mm3mm_value = std::stod(m_match[2].str());
                accel_value = std::stod(m_match[3].str());
                int isBridge = std::stoi(m_match[4].str());
                int roleChange = std::stoi(m_match[5].str());
                int isOverhang = std::stoi(m_match[6].str());
                
-                // Check if the filament config index has changed
-                bool config_index_changed = (config_index != m_last_config_index);
-                m_last_config_index = config_index;
+                // Check if the extruder ID has changed
+                bool extruder_changed = (extruder_id != m_last_extruder_id);
+                m_last_extruder_id = extruder_id;
                
                // Save the PA_CHANGE line to output later after finding feedrate
                pa_change_line = line;
@@ -205,23 +212,23 @@ std::string AdaptivePAProcessor::process_layer(std::string &&gcode) {
                
                // Calculate the predicted PA using the upcomming feature maximum feedrate
                // Get the interpolator for the active tool
-                AdaptivePAInterpolator* interpolator = getInterpolator(m_last_config_index);
+                AdaptivePAInterpolator* interpolator = getInterpolator(m_last_extruder_id);
                
                double predicted_pa = 0;
                double adaptive_PA_speed = 0;
            
                if(!interpolator){ // Tool not found in the interpolator map
                    // Tool not found in the PA interpolator to tool map
-                    predicted_pa = m_config.enable_pressure_advance.get_at(m_last_config_index) ? m_config.pressure_advance.get_at(m_last_config_index) : 0;
+                    predicted_pa = m_config.enable_pressure_advance.get_at(m_last_extruder_id) ? m_config.pressure_advance.get_at(m_last_extruder_id) : 0;
                    if(m_config.gcode_comments) output << "; APA: Tool doesnt have APA enabled\n";
-                } else if (!interpolator->isInitialised() || (!m_config.adaptive_pressure_advance.get_at(m_last_config_index)) )
+                } else if (!interpolator->isInitialised() || (!m_config.adaptive_pressure_advance.get_at(m_last_extruder_id)) )
                    // Check if the model is not initialised by the constructor for the active extruder
                    // Also check that adaptive PA is enabled for that extruder. This should not be needed
                    // as the PA change flag should not be set upstream (in the GCode.cpp file) if adaptive PA is disabled
                    // however check for robustness sake.
                {
                    // Model failed or adaptive pressure advance not enabled - use default value from m_config
-                    predicted_pa = m_config.enable_pressure_advance.get_at(m_last_config_index) ? m_config.pressure_advance.get_at(m_last_config_index) : 0;
+                    predicted_pa = m_config.enable_pressure_advance.get_at(m_last_extruder_id) ? m_config.pressure_advance.get_at(m_last_extruder_id) : 0;
                    if(m_config.gcode_comments) output << "; APA: Interpolator setup failed, using default pressure advance\n";
                } else { // Model setup succeeded
                    // Proceed to identify the print speed to use to calculate the adaptive PA value
@@ -242,18 +249,18 @@ std::string AdaptivePAProcessor::process_layer(std::string &&gcode) {
                    predicted_pa = (*interpolator)(mm3mm_value * adaptive_PA_speed, accel_value);
                    
                    // This is a bridge, use the dedicated PA setting.
-                    if(isBridge && m_config.adaptive_pressure_advance_bridges.get_at(m_last_config_index) > EPSILON)
-                        predicted_pa = m_config.adaptive_pressure_advance_bridges.get_at(m_last_config_index);
+                    if(isBridge && m_config.adaptive_pressure_advance_bridges.get_at(m_last_extruder_id) > EPSILON)
+                        predicted_pa = m_config.adaptive_pressure_advance_bridges.get_at(m_last_extruder_id);
                    
                    if (predicted_pa < 0) { // If extrapolation fails, fall back to the default PA for the extruder.
-                        predicted_pa = m_config.enable_pressure_advance.get_at(m_last_config_index) ? m_config.pressure_advance.get_at(m_last_config_index) : 0;
+                        predicted_pa = m_config.enable_pressure_advance.get_at(m_last_extruder_id) ? m_config.pressure_advance.get_at(m_last_extruder_id) : 0;
                        if(m_config.gcode_comments) output << "; APA: Interpolation failed, using fallback pressure advance value\n";
                    }
                }
                if(m_config.gcode_comments) {
                    // Output debug GCode comments
                    output << pa_change_line << '\n'; // Output PA change command tag
-                    if(isBridge && m_config.adaptive_pressure_advance_bridges.get_at(m_last_config_index) > EPSILON)
+                    if(isBridge && m_config.adaptive_pressure_advance_bridges.get_at(m_last_extruder_id) > EPSILON)
                        output << "; APA Model Override (bridge)\n";
                    output << "; APA Current Speed: " << std::to_string(m_current_feedrate) << "\n";
                    output << "; APA Next Speed: " << std::to_string(m_next_feedrate) << "\n";
@@ -262,7 +269,7 @@ std::string AdaptivePAProcessor::process_layer(std::string &&gcode) {
                    output << "; APA Flow rate: " << std::to_string(mm3mm_value * m_max_next_feedrate) << "\n";
                    output << "; APA Prev PA: " << std::to_string(m_last_predicted_pa) << " New PA: " << std::to_string(predicted_pa) << "\n"; 
                }
-                if (config_index_changed || std::fabs(predicted_pa - m_last_predicted_pa) > EPSILON) {
+                if (extruder_changed || std::fabs(predicted_pa - m_last_predicted_pa) > EPSILON) {
                    output << m_gcodegen.writer().set_pressure_advance(predicted_pa); // Use m_writer to set pressure advance
                    m_last_predicted_pa = predicted_pa; // Update the last predicted PA value
                }
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@
 #include <regex>
 #include <memory>
 #include <map>
+#include <vector>
 #include "AdaptivePAInterpolator.hpp"

 namespace Slic3r {
@@ -32,7 +33,7 @@ public:
     *
     * @param gcodegen A reference to the GCode object that generates the G-code.
     */
-    AdaptivePAProcessor(GCode &gcodegen);
+    AdaptivePAProcessor(GCode &gcodegen, const std::vector<unsigned int> &tools_used);
    
    /**
     * @brief Processes a layer of G-code and applies adaptive pressure advance.
@@ -69,25 +70,28 @@ public:
    
 private:
    GCode &m_gcodegen; ///< Reference to the GCode object.
-    std::unordered_map<unsigned int, std::unique_ptr<AdaptivePAInterpolator>> m_AdaptivePAInterpolators; ///< Map between Interpolator objects and filament config indices (null when adaptive PA is off)
+    std::unordered_map<unsigned int, std::unique_ptr<AdaptivePAInterpolator>> m_AdaptivePAInterpolators; ///< Map between Interpolator objects and tool ID's
    const PrintConfig &m_config; ///< Reference to the print configuration.
    double m_last_predicted_pa; ///< Last predicted pressure advance value.
    double m_max_next_feedrate; ///< Maximum feed rate (speed) for the upcomming island. If no speed is found, the previous island speed is used.
    double m_next_feedrate; ///< First feed rate (speed) for the upcomming island.
    double m_current_feedrate; ///< Current, latest feedrate.
-    int m_last_config_index; ///< Filament config index of the last PA_CHANGE tag.
+    int m_last_extruder_id; ///< Last used extruder ID.

    std::regex m_pa_change_pattern; ///< Regular expression to detect PA_CHANGE pattern.
    std::regex m_g1_f_pattern; ///< Regular expression to detect G1 F pattern.
    std::smatch m_match; ///< Match results for regular expressions.

    /**
-     * @brief Get the PA interpolator attached to the specified filament config index.
+     * @brief Get the PA interpolator attached to the specified tool ID.
     *
-     * @param config_index The filament config index (one per filament and extruder variant) for which the PA interpolation model is to be returned.
-     * @return The Adaptive PA Interpolator object corresponding to that index, or nullptr when adaptive PA is off for it.
+     * This method manually sets the adaptive PA internally held value.
+     * Call this when changing tools or in any other case where the internally assumed last PA value may be incorrect
+     *
+     * @param An integer with the tool ID for which the PA interpolation model is to be returned.
+     * @return The Adaptive PA Interpolator object corresponding to that tool.
     */
-    AdaptivePAInterpolator* getInterpolator(unsigned int config_index);
+    AdaptivePAInterpolator* getInterpolator(unsigned int tool_id);
 };

 } // namespace Slic3r
@@ -0,0 +1,165 @@
+#include "InstanceLock.hpp"
+
+#include <map>
+#include <memory>
+#include <system_error>
+#include <thread>
+
+#include <boost/filesystem.hpp>
+#include <boost/log/trivial.hpp>
+#include <boost/nowide/fstream.hpp>
+#ifdef _WIN32
+#include <boost/interprocess/sync/file_lock.hpp>
+#include <boost/nowide/convert.hpp>
+#else
+#include <cerrno>
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <sys/file.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#endif
+
+namespace Slic3r {
+
+#ifdef _WIN32
+// LockFileEx, held by this handle alone.
+using NativeFileLock = boost::interprocess::file_lock;
+#else
+// flock(2) rather than an fcntl lock: it belongs to this open file description,
+// so any other code in the process that opens and closes the lock file, as a
+// backup or an export walking the data dir might, cannot drop it. An fcntl
+// lock would go with the first such close.
+class NativeFileLock
+{
+public:
+    explicit NativeFileLock(const char *path) : m_fd(::open(path, O_RDWR | O_CREAT | O_CLOEXEC, 0644))
+    {
+        if (m_fd < 0)
+            throw std::system_error(errno, std::generic_category(), path);
+    }
+    ~NativeFileLock() { ::close(m_fd); }
+    bool try_lock()
+    {
+        if (::flock(m_fd, LOCK_EX | LOCK_NB) == 0)
+            return true;
+        // A signal (a child exiting, for one) interrupts the call like any other; the caller polls again.
+        if (errno == EWOULDBLOCK || errno == EINTR)
+            return false;
+        throw std::system_error(errno, std::generic_category(), "flock");
+    }
+    void unlock() { ::flock(m_fd, LOCK_UN); }
+private:
+    int m_fd;
+};
+#endif
+
+// One slot per lock file, shared by every guard in the process: one lock
+// object per path behind a mutex is what makes the guard re-entrant and safe
+// to use from the preset sync thread and the GUI thread at once. The lock
+// file is opened by the outermost guard and closed when it goes, so the file
+// is never held open between guards: whatever is at the path is what gets
+// locked, and a data dir can be removed once nothing is saving into it. The
+// file is kept rather than deleted on release because the lock state lives in
+// the kernel on the open file, and deleting it would let a third instance
+// lock a fresh file while the second still holds the old one.
+struct InstanceLock::Slot
+{
+    std::recursive_mutex mutex;
+    // Non-null exactly while this process holds the file lock.
+    std::unique_ptr<NativeFileLock> file_lock;
+    int  depth{0};
+    // Until this point, after a guard could not open, lock or wait out the
+    // file, guards do not touch it.
+    std::chrono::steady_clock::time_point cooldown_until{};
+};
+
+InstanceLock::Slot &InstanceLock::slot_for(const std::string &lock_file_path)
+{
+    // Never freed: a save during static destruction still needs its slot.
+    static auto *registry_mutex = new std::mutex();
+    static auto *registry       = new std::map<std::string, std::unique_ptr<Slot>>();
+
+    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> guard(*registry_mutex);
+    std::unique_ptr<Slot> &slot = (*registry)[lock_file_path];
+    if (! slot)
+        slot = std::make_unique<Slot>();
+    return *slot;
+}
+
+// Starts the cool-down. Called with the slot mutex held.
+void InstanceLock::defer(Slot &slot, const std::string &reason)
+{
+    slot.cooldown_until = std::chrono::steady_clock::now() + cooldown;
+    BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(warning) << reason << "; proceeding without the lock for the next " << cooldown.count() << " ms";
+}
+
+// Creates the lock file if needed and opens it, or starts the cool-down.
+// Called with the slot mutex held.
+bool InstanceLock::open_lock_file(Slot &slot, const std::string &lock_file_path)
+{
+    try {
+#ifdef _WIN32
+        // The lock opens an existing file; created once, on the first miss.
+        const std::wstring wide_path = boost::nowide::widen(lock_file_path);
+        try {
+            slot.file_lock = std::make_unique<NativeFileLock>(wide_path.c_str());
+        } catch (const std::exception &) {
+            boost::nowide::ofstream(lock_file_path, std::ios::app).close();
+            slot.file_lock = std::make_unique<NativeFileLock>(wide_path.c_str());
+        }
+#else
+        slot.file_lock = std::make_unique<NativeFileLock>(lock_file_path.c_str());
+#endif
+        return true;
+    } catch (const std::exception &e) {
+        defer(slot, "Cannot open lock file " + lock_file_path + ": " + e.what() + " (check its owner and permissions)");
+        return false;
+    }
+}
+
+InstanceLock::InstanceLock(const std::string &lock_file_path, std::chrono::milliseconds timeout)
+{
+    if (lock_file_path.empty())
+        return;
+    m_slot       = &slot_for(lock_file_path);
+    m_slot_guard = std::unique_lock<std::recursive_mutex>(m_slot->mutex);
+    const auto now = std::chrono::steady_clock::now();
+    if (m_slot->depth == 0 && now >= m_slot->cooldown_until && open_lock_file(*m_slot, lock_file_path)) {
+        const auto deadline = now + timeout;
+        bool       taken    = false;
+        for (;;) {
+            try {
+                if ((taken = m_slot->file_lock->try_lock()))
+                    break;
+            } catch (const std::exception &e) {
+                defer(*m_slot, "Cannot lock " + lock_file_path + ": " + e.what());
+                break;
+            }
+            if (std::chrono::steady_clock::now() >= deadline) {
+                defer(*m_slot, "Another instance has held " + lock_file_path + " for over " + std::to_string(timeout.count()) + " ms");
+                break;
+            }
+            std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(5));
+        }
+        if (! taken)
+            m_slot->file_lock.reset();
+    }
+    // Counted last, so a throw above leaves the slot exactly as it was found.
+    ++ m_slot->depth;
+    m_locked = m_slot->file_lock != nullptr;
+}
+
+InstanceLock::~InstanceLock()
+{
+    if (m_slot == nullptr)
+        return;
+    if (-- m_slot->depth == 0 && m_slot->file_lock) {
+        try {
+            m_slot->file_lock->unlock();
+        } catch (const std::exception &e) {
+            BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(warning) << "Cannot unlock instance lock: " << e.what();
+        }
+        m_slot->file_lock.reset();
+    }
+}
+
+} // namespace Slic3r
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <chrono>
+#include <mutex>
+#include <string>
+
+namespace Slic3r {
+
+// Scoped write lock on a file shared by every running instance of the
+// application, such as the app config or the user preset directory: threads
+// of this process are serialised through a recursive mutex, other processes
+// through an advisory OS file lock on `lock_file_path`. The lock file is
+// created on first use and kept; the OS releases the lock when its holder
+// exits, so a crashed instance never leaves a stale lock behind.
+//
+// Best effort: when the lock file cannot be opened or locked, or another
+// instance still holds it after `timeout`, the guard keeps only the in-process
+// mutex, locked() reports false and the write proceeds, since a hung instance
+// must never block another one from saving. For `cooldown` afterwards guards
+// leave the file alone. The wait for the in-process mutex is bounded only by
+// the longest critical section, so a guard covers a few file operations and
+// nothing slower.
+//
+// Lock order: the preset collection mutex may be held when a guard is taken
+// (set_sync_info_and_save() calls save_info() under it), never the reverse;
+// that is why the guards sit at the leaf readers and writers and why a guard
+// must not be added around save_user_presets(), which takes the collection
+// mutex through delete_preset().
+class InstanceLock
+{
+public:
+    // Long against a critical section of milliseconds, short against the GUI
+    // thread, which is where most guards are taken.
+    static constexpr std::chrono::milliseconds default_timeout{1000};
+    // Long enough that a holder stuck in a debugger does not cost a stall per
+    // save; mutable so tests can shorten it.
+    static inline std::chrono::milliseconds cooldown{10000};
+
+    // An empty path makes the guard a no-op.
+    explicit InstanceLock(const std::string &lock_file_path, std::chrono::milliseconds timeout = default_timeout);
+    ~InstanceLock();
+
+    InstanceLock(const InstanceLock &) = delete;
+    InstanceLock &operator=(const InstanceLock &) = delete;
+
+    // True while this process holds the cross-process file lock.
+    bool locked() const { return m_locked; }
+
+private:
+    struct Slot;
+    static Slot &slot_for(const std::string &lock_file_path);
+    static bool  open_lock_file(Slot &slot, const std::string &lock_file_path);
+    static void  defer(Slot &slot, const std::string &reason);
+
+    Slot *m_slot{nullptr};
+    std::unique_lock<std::recursive_mutex> m_slot_guard;
+    bool  m_locked{false};
+};
+
+} // namespace Slic3r
@@ -13,8 +13,19 @@
 namespace Slic3r {


+// How many setters this thread holds, so the ones nested in another can skip
+// setlocale, which takes a lock the whole process shares on Windows.
+static thread_local int s_numeric_locale_depth = 0;
+
 CNumericLocalesSetter::CNumericLocalesSetter()
 {
+    // Nested in another setter on this thread, whose "C" the separator check
+    // confirms is still set.
+    if (s_numeric_locale_depth > 0 && is_decimal_separator_point()) {
+        m_nested = true;
+        ++ s_numeric_locale_depth;
+        return;
+    }
 #ifdef _WIN32
    _configthreadlocale(_ENABLE_PER_THREAD_LOCALE);
    m_orig_numeric_locale = std::setlocale(LC_NUMERIC, nullptr);
@@ -29,12 +40,17 @@ CNumericLocalesSetter::CNumericLocalesSetter()
    m_new_locale = newlocale(LC_NUMERIC_MASK, "C", m_new_locale);
    uselocale(m_new_locale);
 #endif
+    // Counted last, since the destructor does not run for a constructor that throws.
+    ++ s_numeric_locale_depth;
 }



 CNumericLocalesSetter::~CNumericLocalesSetter()
 {
+    -- s_numeric_locale_depth;
+    if (m_nested)
+        return;
 #ifdef _WIN32
    std::setlocale(LC_NUMERIC, m_orig_numeric_locale.data());
 #else
@@ -19,8 +19,13 @@ class CNumericLocalesSetter {
 public:
    CNumericLocalesSetter();
    ~CNumericLocalesSetter();
+    // A copy would restore the locale twice, and count down once more than up.
+    CNumericLocalesSetter(const CNumericLocalesSetter&) = delete;
+    CNumericLocalesSetter& operator=(const CNumericLocalesSetter&) = delete;

 private:
+    // Inside another setter on this thread, which does the setting and restoring.
+    bool m_nested { false };
 #ifdef _WIN32
    std::string m_orig_numeric_locale;
 #else
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <cstddef>
+#include <type_traits>
+#include <utility>
+#include <variant>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include <tbb/blocked_range.h>
+#include <tbb/parallel_for.h>
+#include <tbb/task_arena.h>
+#include <tbb/task_group.h>
+
+#include "Exception.hpp"
+
+namespace Slic3r {
+
+// A batch of resolved presets, each a whole config, is what resolve_then_commit adds
+// to peak memory, so it stays far below a vendor's preset count and above any core count.
+inline constexpr size_t resolve_batch_size = 64;
+
+// Resolve `count` items that do not depend on each other and install them one at
+// a time.
+//
+// `resolve(i)` runs on any thread and must read only, since the items are
+// resolved side by side. `commit(i, resolved)` is called for every item in index
+// order, on the calling thread, and is where shared state is written.
+//
+// The items are worked through in batches, so what is resolved and held at once
+// does not grow with `count`. An exception from either callable propagates after
+// the batches before it have been committed. A cancellation of the caller's task
+// group, which stops a batch partway without an exception, throws RuntimeError
+// before that batch commits.
+//
+// `ChunkSetup`, when given, is constructed once for each piece of a batch TBB hands
+// out, for per-thread state a resolve would otherwise set up per item, such as the
+// C numeric locale, whose setting takes a lock the whole process shares.
+template<class ChunkSetup = std::monostate, class Resolve, class Commit>
+void resolve_then_commit(size_t count, Resolve resolve, Commit commit)
+{
+    using Resolved = std::invoke_result_t<Resolve&, size_t>;
+
+    std::vector<Resolved> resolved(std::min(count, resolve_batch_size));
+    for (size_t first = 0; first < count; first += resolve_batch_size) {
+        const size_t last = std::min(first + resolve_batch_size, count);
+        // Isolated, so a thread waiting on the batch runs none of the caller's other
+        // tasks before finishing it.
+        tbb::this_task_arena::isolate([&] {
+            tbb::parallel_for(tbb::blocked_range<size_t>(first, last),
+                [&](const tbb::blocked_range<size_t>& range) {
+                    ChunkSetup setup;
+                    (void) setup;
+                    for (size_t i = range.begin(); i < range.end(); ++ i)
+                        resolved[i - first] = resolve(i);
+                });
+        });
+        if (tbb::is_current_task_group_canceling())
+            throw RuntimeError("resolve_then_commit: canceled before the batch was resolved");
+        for (size_t i = first; i < last; ++ i)
+            commit(i, std::move(resolved[i - first]));
+    }
+}
+
+} // namespace Slic3r
@@ -5,6 +5,8 @@
 #include "Preset.hpp"
 #include "PresetBundle.hpp"
 #include "AppConfig.hpp"
+#include "LocalesUtils.hpp"
+#include "ParallelResolve.hpp"

 #ifdef _MSC_VER
    #define WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN
@@ -49,6 +51,9 @@
 #include "libslic3r.h"
 #include "LifecycleEvents.hpp"
 #include "Utils.hpp"
+#include "InstanceLock.hpp"
+
+#include <sstream>
 #include "Time.hpp"
 #include "PlaceholderParser.hpp"
 #include "libslic3r/GCode/Thumbnails.hpp"
@@ -105,6 +110,32 @@ std::string get_preset_canonical_name(const std::string &preset_bare_name, const
    }
 }

+std::string user_presets_lock_path(bool read_only)
+{
+    return read_only || data_dir().empty() ? std::string() : (fs::path(data_dir()) / (PRESET_USER_DIR ".lock")).string();
+}
+
+// Removes a preset file the scan could not load, and its .info, under the lock.
+// The scan passes read_only when it could not take the lock, since the file may
+// then be another instance's fresh write that it merely raced.
+static void remove_preset_files(const std::string &preset_file, bool read_only)
+{
+    if (read_only)
+        return;
+    InstanceLock instance_lock(user_presets_lock_path());
+    // A symlink whose target is missing stays, since the target may come back; one
+    // that cannot even be followed is removed like any other unreadable file.
+    auto remove = [](const fs::path &file) {
+        boost::system::error_code ec;
+        if (fs::status(file, ec).type() != fs::file_not_found)
+            fs::remove(file, ec);
+    };
+    fs::path file_path(preset_file);
+    remove(file_path);
+    file_path.replace_extension(".info");
+    remove(file_path);
+}
+
 std::string get_preset_bare_name(const std::string &canonical_name)
 {
    const auto pos = canonical_name.find_last_of('/');
@@ -506,10 +537,11 @@ void Preset::normalize(DynamicPrintConfig &config)
    handle_legacy_sla(config);
 }

-std::string Preset::remove_invalid_keys(DynamicPrintConfig &config, const DynamicPrintConfig &default_config)
+std::string Preset::remove_invalid_keys(DynamicPrintConfig &config, const DynamicPrintConfig &default_config,
+                                        const DynamicPrintConfig *added)
 {
    std::string incorrect_keys;
-    for (const std::string &key : config.keys())
+    for (const std::string &key : (added != nullptr ? *added : config).keys())
        if (! default_config.has(key)) {
            if (incorrect_keys.empty())
                incorrect_keys = key;
@@ -621,7 +653,6 @@ void Preset::load_info(const std::string& file)
            }
            else if (v.first.compare("base_id") == 0) {
                this->base_id = v.second.get_value<std::string>();
-                BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(info) << __FUNCTION__ << " load info from: " << file << " and base_id: " << this->base_id;
                if (this->base_id.compare("null") == 0)
                    this->base_id.clear();
            }
@@ -647,18 +678,20 @@ void Preset::save_info(std::string file)
        file = idx_file.string();
    }

-    boost::nowide::ofstream c;
-    c.open(file, std::ios::out | std::ios::trunc);
    std::string sync_info_to_save;
    //BBS: hold is used for stop requesting to server this time
    if (this->sync_info.compare("hold") != 0)
        sync_info_to_save = this->sync_info;
+    std::ostringstream c;
    c << "sync_info" << " = " << sync_info_to_save << std::endl;
    c << "user_id" << " = " << this->user_id << std::endl;
    c << "setting_id" << " = " << this->setting_id << std::endl;
    c << "base_id" << " = " << this->base_id << std::endl;
    c << "updated_time" << " = " << std::to_string(this->updated_time) << std::endl;
-    c.close();
+
+    InstanceLock instance_lock(user_presets_lock_path());
+    if (const std::error_code ec = write_file_atomically(file, c.str()))
+        BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(error) << __FUNCTION__ << ": failed to save " << file << ": " << ec.message();
 }

 void Preset::remove_files(bool cloud_already_deleted)
@@ -667,6 +700,7 @@ void Preset::remove_files(bool cloud_already_deleted)
    if (this->is_project_embedded) {
        return;
    }
+    InstanceLock instance_lock(user_presets_lock_path());
    // Erase the preset file.
    boost::nowide::remove(this->file.c_str());
    fs::path idx_path(this->file);
@@ -684,11 +718,11 @@ void Preset::remove_files(bool cloud_already_deleted)
 }

 //BBS: add logic for only difference save
-void Preset::save(DynamicPrintConfig* parent_config)
+bool Preset::save(DynamicPrintConfig* parent_config)
 {
    //BBS: add project embedded preset logic
    if (this->is_project_embedded)
-        return;
+        return true;
    //BBS: change to json format
    //this->config.save(this->file);
    std::string from_str;
@@ -703,12 +737,16 @@ void Preset::save(DynamicPrintConfig* parent_config)
    else
        from_str = std::string("Default");

-    boost::filesystem::create_directories(fs::path(this->file).parent_path());
    const std::string bare_name = get_preset_bare_name(this->name);

+    // What gets written: the diff against the parent, the config plus its
+    // filament id, or the config as is. Built before the lock is taken so the
+    // exclusive window covers only the file writes.
+    DynamicPrintConfig        temp_config;
+    const DynamicPrintConfig *to_save = &this->config;
+
    //BBS: only save difference if it has parent
    if (parent_config) {
-        DynamicPrintConfig temp_config;
        std::vector<std::string> dirty_options = config.diff(*parent_config);

        std::string extruder_id_name, extruder_variant_name;
@@ -744,13 +782,22 @@ void Preset::save(DynamicPrintConfig* parent_config)
                    opt_dst->set(opt_src);
            }
        }
-        temp_config.save_to_json(this->file, bare_name, from_str, this->version.to_string());
+        to_save = &temp_config;
    } else if (!filament_id.empty() && inherits().empty()) {
-        DynamicPrintConfig temp_config = config;
+        temp_config = config;
        temp_config.set_key_value(BBL_JSON_KEY_FILAMENT_ID, new ConfigOptionString(filament_id));
-        temp_config.save_to_json(this->file, bare_name, from_str, this->version.to_string());
-    } else {
-        this->config.save_to_json(this->file, bare_name, from_str, this->version.to_string());
+        to_save = &temp_config;
+    }
+
+    std::ostringstream json;
+    to_save->save_to_json(json, bare_name, from_str, this->version.to_string());
+
+    InstanceLock instance_lock(user_presets_lock_path());
+    boost::filesystem::create_directories(fs::path(this->file).parent_path());
+    if (const std::error_code ec = write_file_atomically(this->file, json.str())) {
+        // No .info either: one without its preset reads as a cloud deletion request.
+        BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(error) << __FUNCTION__ << ": failed to save " << this->file << ": " << ec.message();
+        return false;
    }
    BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(info) << __FUNCTION__ << " save config for: " << this->name << " and filament_id: " << filament_id << " and base_id: " << this->base_id;

@@ -760,6 +807,7 @@ void Preset::save(DynamicPrintConfig* parent_config)
        idx_file.replace_extension(".info");
        this->save_info(idx_file.string());
    }
+    return true;
 }

 void Preset::reload(Preset const &parent)
@@ -771,6 +819,7 @@ void Preset::reload(Preset const &parent)
    std::string                        reason;
    ForwardCompatibilitySubstitutionRule substitution_rule    = ForwardCompatibilitySubstitutionRule::Disable;
    try {
+        InstanceLock instance_lock(user_presets_lock_path());
        ConfigSubstitutions                config_substitutions = config.load_from_json(file, substitution_rule, key_values, reason);
        this->config = parent.config;
        this->config.apply(std::move(config));
@@ -1669,6 +1718,185 @@ std::string PresetCollection::canonical_preset_name(const std::string &name, con
    return get_preset_canonical_name(parsed.bare, origin);
 }

+PresetCollection::PresetFilesOnDisk PresetCollection::PresetFilesOnDisk::read(const boost::filesystem::path &file)
+{
+    auto read_if_present = [](const fs::path &path) -> std::optional<std::string> {
+        std::string bytes;
+        try {
+            load_string_file(path, bytes);
+        } catch (const std::exception &) {
+            return std::nullopt;
+        }
+        return bytes;
+    };
+    fs::path info_path(file);
+    info_path.replace_extension(".info");
+    return { read_if_present(file), read_if_present(info_path) };
+}
+
+PresetCollection::UserPresetLoad PresetCollection::resolve_user_preset(
+    const boost::filesystem::path &file, const std::string &canonical_name,
+    const PresetOrigin &load_origin, ForwardCompatibilitySubstitutionRule substitution_rule,
+    const std::string &extruder_id_name, const std::string &extruder_variant_name,
+    std::set<std::string> *key_set1, std::set<std::string> *key_set2) const
+{
+    UserPresetLoad out;
+    out.preset = Preset(m_type, canonical_name, false);
+    Preset &preset = out.preset;
+    preset.bundle_id = load_origin.bundle_id;
+    preset.file = file.string();
+    // Before either file is parsed, so a save that lands during the parse still shows
+    // up as a difference when commit compares.
+    out.on_disk = PresetFilesOnDisk::read(file);
+    // Load the preset file, apply preset values on top of defaults.
+    try {
+        fs::path idx_path(preset.file);
+        idx_path.replace_extension(".info");
+        if (fs::exists(idx_path)) {
+            out.info_file = idx_path.string();
+            preset.load_info(out.info_file);
+        }
+        DynamicPrintConfig config;
+        //BBS: change to json format
+        //ConfigSubstitutions config_substitutions = config.load_from_ini(preset.file, substitution_rule);
+        std::map<std::string, std::string> key_values;
+        std::string reason;
+        ConfigSubstitutions config_substitutions = config.load_from_json(preset.file, substitution_rule, key_values, reason);
+        if (! config_substitutions.empty())
+            out.substitutions.push_back({ preset.name, m_type, PresetConfigSubstitutions::Source::UserFile, preset.file, std::move(config_substitutions) });
+        if (!reason.empty()) {
+            out.discard_file = true;
+            out.errors.push_back((boost::format("parse config %1% failed") % preset.file).str());
+            return out;
+        }
+
+        std::string version_str = key_values[BBL_JSON_KEY_VERSION];
+        boost::optional<Semver> version = Semver::parse(version_str);
+        if (!version) return out;
+        preset.version = *version;
+
+        if (key_values.find(BBL_JSON_KEY_FILAMENT_ID) != key_values.end())
+            preset.filament_id = key_values[BBL_JSON_KEY_FILAMENT_ID];
+        if (key_values.find(BBL_JSON_KEY_DESCRIPTION) != key_values.end())
+            preset.description = key_values[BBL_JSON_KEY_DESCRIPTION];
+        if (key_values.find(BBL_JSON_KEY_INSTANTIATION) != key_values.end())
+            preset.is_visible = key_values[BBL_JSON_KEY_INSTANTIATION] != "false";
+
+        //Orca: find and use the inherit config as the base
+        const Preset* inherit_preset = nullptr;
+        ConfigOption* inherits_config = config.option(BBL_JSON_KEY_INHERITS);
+
+        // check inherits_config
+        if (inherits_config) {
+            ConfigOptionString * option_str = dynamic_cast<ConfigOptionString *> (inherits_config);
+            std::string inherits_value = option_str->value;
+            // Orca: try to find if the parent preset has been renamed
+            inherit_preset = this->find_preset2(inherits_value);
+            Preset::normalize_inherits(config, inherit_preset);
+        }
+        const Preset& default_preset = this->default_preset_for(config);
+        if (inherit_preset) {
+            preset.config = inherit_preset->config;
+            preset.filament_id = inherit_preset->filament_id;
+            extend_default_config_length(config, false, {});
+            preset.config.update_diff_values_to_child_config(config, extruder_id_name, extruder_variant_name, *key_set1, *key_set2);
+        }
+        else {
+            auto inherits_config2 = dynamic_cast<ConfigOptionString *>(inherits_config);
+            if ((inherits_config2 && !inherits_config2->value.empty())) {
+                out.errors.push_back((boost::format("can not find parent %1% for config %2%!") % inherits_config2->value % preset.file).str());
+                return out;
+            }
+            // We support custom root preset now
+            // Find a default preset for the config. The PrintPresetCollection provides different default preset based on the "printer_technology" field.
+            preset.config = default_preset.config;
+            preset.config.apply(std::move(config));
+            extend_default_config_length(preset.config, true, default_preset.config);
+        }
+
+        Preset::normalize(preset.config);
+        // Report configuration fields, which are misplaced into a wrong group.
+        std::string incorrect_keys = Preset::remove_invalid_keys(preset.config, default_preset.config);
+        if (!incorrect_keys.empty())
+            out.errors.push_back("Error in a preset file: The preset \"" + preset.file +
+                                 "\" contains the following incorrect keys: " + incorrect_keys + ", which were removed");
+
+        if (preset.type == Preset::TYPE_FILAMENT && preset.is_user() && preset.inherits().empty()) {
+            auto compatible_printers = dynamic_cast<ConfigOptionStrings *>(preset.config.option("compatible_printers", true));
+            if (compatible_printers && compatible_printers->values.empty()) {
+                size_t at_pos = canonical_name.find('@');
+                if (at_pos != std::string::npos && at_pos + 1 < canonical_name.length()) {
+                    compatible_printers->values.push_back(canonical_name.substr(at_pos + 1));
+                    out.save_compatible_printers = true;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        preset.loaded = true;
+        out.complete = true;
+    } catch (const std::ifstream::failure &err) {
+        out.discard_file = true;
+        out.errors.push_back((boost::format("The user-config cannot be loaded: %1%. Reason: %2%") % preset.file % err.what()).str());
+        //throw Slic3r::RuntimeError(std::string("The selected preset cannot be loaded: ") + preset.file + "\n\tReason: " + err.what());
+    } catch (const std::runtime_error &err) {
+        out.discard_file = true;
+        out.errors.push_back((boost::format("Failed loading the user-config file: %1%. Reason: %2%") % preset.file % err.what()).str());
+        //throw Slic3r::RuntimeError(std::string("Failed loading the preset file: ") + preset.file + "\n\tReason: " + err.what());
+    }
+    out.install = true;
+    return out;
+}
+
+void PresetCollection::commit_user_preset(UserPresetLoad &&loaded, std::deque<Preset> &presets_loaded,
+                                          PresetsConfigSubstitutions &substitutions,
+                                          const std::function<void(Preset&)> &preset_loaded_fn,
+                                          bool read_only)
+{
+    Preset &preset = loaded.preset;
+    if (! loaded.info_file.empty())
+        BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(info) << __FUNCTION__ << " load info from: " << loaded.info_file << " and base_id: " << preset.base_id;
+    append(substitutions, std::move(loaded.substitutions));
+    for (const std::string &error : loaded.errors) {
+        ++m_errors;
+        BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(error) << error;
+    }
+    if (loaded.discard_file)
+        remove_preset_files(loaded.preset.file, read_only);
+    if (!loaded.install)
+        return;
+
+    if (loaded.complete) {
+        if (loaded.save_compatible_printers) {
+            // A filesystem error from the rewrite is counted, and the preset still loads.
+            try {
+                if (read_only)
+                    BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(info) << __FUNCTION__ << " added compatible_printers for preset: " << preset.name << " (not written back)";
+                else if (preset.save(nullptr))
+                    BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(info) << __FUNCTION__ << " added compatible_printers for preset: " << preset.name;
+                else
+                    ++m_errors; // save() logged why
+            } catch (const std::runtime_error &err) {
+                ++m_errors;
+                BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(error) << __FUNCTION__ << " can not write compatible_printers back to " << preset.file << ": " << err.what();
+            }
+        }
+        //BBS: add some workaround for previous incorrect settings
+        if ((!preset.setting_id.empty())&&(preset.setting_id == preset.base_id))
+            preset.setting_id.clear();
+        BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(info) << __FUNCTION__ << " load preset: " << preset.name << " and filament_id: " << preset.filament_id << " and base_id: " << preset.base_id;
+        //BBS: add config related logs
+        BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(debug) << __FUNCTION__ << boost::format(", preset type %1%, name %2%, path %3%, is_system %4%, is_default %5% is_visible %6%")%Preset::get_type_string(m_type) %preset.name %preset.file %preset.is_system %preset.is_default %preset.is_visible;
+        // add alias for custom filament preset
+        set_custom_preset_alias(preset);
+    }
+
+    if (preset_loaded_fn != nullptr)
+        preset_loaded_fn(preset);
+
+    BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(info) << __FUNCTION__ << __LINE__ << " load config successful and preset name is:" << preset.name;
+    presets_loaded.emplace_back(std::move(preset));
+}
+
 // Load all presets found in dir_path.
 // Throws an exception on error.
 void PresetCollection::load_presets(
@@ -1706,6 +1934,8 @@ void PresetCollection::load_presets(
    std::set<std::string> *key_set1 = nullptr, *key_set2 = nullptr;
    Preset::get_extruder_names_and_keysets(m_type, extruder_id_name, extruder_variant_name, &key_set1, &key_set2);

+    struct UserPresetFile { fs::path path; std::string canonical_name; };
+    std::vector<UserPresetFile> files;
    //BBS: change to json format
    for (auto &dir_entry : boost::filesystem::directory_iterator(dir))
    {
@@ -1721,149 +1951,47 @@ void PresetCollection::load_presets(
                BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(warning) << "Preset already present, not loading: " << canonical_name;
                continue;
            }
-            try {
-                Preset preset(m_type, canonical_name, false);
-                preset.bundle_id = resolved_origin.bundle_id;
-                preset.file = dir_entry.path().string();
-                // Load the preset file, apply preset values on top of defaults.
-                try {
-                    fs::path idx_path(preset.file);
-                    idx_path.replace_extension(".info");
-                    if (fs::exists(idx_path)) {
-                        preset.load_info(idx_path.string());
-                    }
-                    DynamicPrintConfig config;
-                    //BBS: change to json format
-                    //ConfigSubstitutions config_substitutions = config.load_from_ini(preset.file, substitution_rule);
-                    std::map<std::string, std::string> key_values;
-                    std::string reason;
-                    ConfigSubstitutions config_substitutions = config.load_from_json(preset.file, substitution_rule, key_values, reason);
-                    if (! config_substitutions.empty())
-                        substitutions.push_back({ preset.name, m_type, PresetConfigSubstitutions::Source::UserFile, preset.file, std::move(config_substitutions) });
-                    if (!reason.empty()) {
-                        fs::path file_path(preset.file);
-                        if (!read_only && fs::exists(file_path))
-                            fs::remove(file_path);
-                        file_path.replace_extension(".info");
-                        if (!read_only && fs::exists(file_path))
-                            fs::remove(file_path);
-                        BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(error) << boost::format("parse config %1% failed")%preset.file;
-                        ++m_errors;
-                        continue;
-                    }
+            files.push_back({ dir_entry.path(), std::move(canonical_name) });
+        }
+    }

-                    std::string version_str = key_values[BBL_JSON_KEY_VERSION];
-                    boost::optional<Semver> version = Semver::parse(version_str);
-                    if (!version) continue;
-                    preset.version = *version;
-
-                    if (key_values.find(BBL_JSON_KEY_FILAMENT_ID) != key_values.end())
-                        preset.filament_id = key_values[BBL_JSON_KEY_FILAMENT_ID];
-                    if (key_values.find(BBL_JSON_KEY_DESCRIPTION) != key_values.end())
-                        preset.description = key_values[BBL_JSON_KEY_DESCRIPTION];
-                    if (key_values.find(BBL_JSON_KEY_INSTANTIATION) != key_values.end())
-                        preset.is_visible = key_values[BBL_JSON_KEY_INSTANTIATION] != "false";
-
-                    //Orca: find and use the inherit config as the base
-                    Preset* inherit_preset = nullptr;
-                    ConfigOption* inherits_config = config.option(BBL_JSON_KEY_INHERITS);
-
-                    // check inherits_config
-                    if (inherits_config) {
-                        ConfigOptionString * option_str = dynamic_cast<ConfigOptionString *> (inherits_config);
-                        std::string inherits_value = option_str->value;
-                        // Orca: try to find if the parent preset has been renamed
-                        inherit_preset = this->find_preset2(inherits_value);
-                        Preset::normalize_inherits(config, inherit_preset);
-                    } else {
-                        ;
-                    }
-                    const Preset& default_preset = this->default_preset_for(config);
-                    if (inherit_preset) {
-                        preset.config = inherit_preset->config;
-                        preset.filament_id = inherit_preset->filament_id;
-                        extend_default_config_length(config, false, {});
-                        preset.config.update_diff_values_to_child_config(config, extruder_id_name, extruder_variant_name, *key_set1, *key_set2);
-                    }
-                    else {
-                        auto inherits_config2 = dynamic_cast<ConfigOptionString *>(inherits_config);
-                        if ((inherits_config2 && !inherits_config2->value.empty())) {
-                            BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(error) << boost::format("can not find parent %1% for config %2%!")%inherits_config2->value %preset.file;
-                            ++m_errors;
-                            continue;
-                        }
-                        // We support custom root preset now
-                        // Find a default preset for the config. The PrintPresetCollection provides different default preset based on the "printer_technology" field.
-                        preset.config = default_preset.config;
-                        preset.config.apply(std::move(config));
-                        extend_default_config_length(preset.config, true, default_preset.config);
-                    }
-                    BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(info) << __FUNCTION__ << " load preset: " << name << " and filament_id: " << preset.filament_id << " and base_id: " << preset.base_id;
-
-                    Preset::normalize(preset.config);
-                    // Report configuration fields, which are misplaced into a wrong group.
-                    std::string incorrect_keys = Preset::remove_invalid_keys(preset.config, default_preset.config);
-                    if (!incorrect_keys.empty()) {
-                        ++m_errors;
-                        BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(error)
-                            << "Error in a preset file: The preset \"" << preset.file
-                            << "\" contains the following incorrect keys: " << incorrect_keys << ", which were removed";
-                    }
-
-                    if (preset.type == Preset::TYPE_FILAMENT && preset.is_user() && preset.inherits().empty()) {
-                        auto compatible_printers = dynamic_cast<ConfigOptionStrings *>(preset.config.option("compatible_printers", true));
-                        if (compatible_printers && compatible_printers->values.empty()) {
-                            size_t at_pos = name.find('@');
-                            if (at_pos != std::string::npos && at_pos + 1 < name.length()) {
-                                compatible_printers->values.push_back(name.substr(at_pos + 1));
-                                if (!read_only)
-                                    preset.save(nullptr);
-                                BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(info) << __FUNCTION__ << " added compatible_printers for preset: " << name;
-                            }
-                        }
-                    }
-
-                    preset.loaded = true;
-                    //BBS: add some workaround for previous incorrect settings
-                    if ((!preset.setting_id.empty())&&(preset.setting_id == preset.base_id))
-                        preset.setting_id.clear();
-                    //BBS: add config related logs
-                    BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(debug) << __FUNCTION__ << boost::format(", preset type %1%, name %2%, path %3%, is_system %4%, is_default %5% is_visible %6%")%Preset::get_type_string(m_type) %preset.name %preset.file %preset.is_system %preset.is_default %preset.is_visible;
-                    // add alias for custom filament preset
-                    set_custom_preset_alias(preset);
-                } catch (const std::ifstream::failure &err) {
-                    ++m_errors;
-                    BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(error) << boost::format("The user-config cannot be loaded: %1%. Reason: %2%")%preset.file %err.what();
-                    fs::path file_path(preset.file);
-                    if (!read_only && fs::exists(file_path))
-                        fs::remove(file_path);
-                    file_path.replace_extension(".info");
-                    if (!read_only && fs::exists(file_path))
-                        fs::remove(file_path);
-                    //throw Slic3r::RuntimeError(std::string("The selected preset cannot be loaded: ") + preset.file + "\n\tReason: " + err.what());
-                } catch (const std::runtime_error &err) {
-                    ++m_errors;
-                    BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(error) << boost::format("Failed loading the user-config file: %1%. Reason: %2%")%preset.file %err.what();
-                    //throw Slic3r::RuntimeError(std::string("Failed loading the preset file: ") + preset.file + "\n\tReason: " + err.what());
-                    fs::path file_path(preset.file);
-                    if (!read_only && fs::exists(file_path))
-                        fs::remove(file_path);
-                    file_path.replace_extension(".info");
-                    if (!read_only && fs::exists(file_path))
-                        fs::remove(file_path);
+    resolve_then_commit<CNumericLocalesSetter>(files.size(),
+        [&](size_t i) {
+            return this->resolve_user_preset(files[i].path, files[i].canonical_name, resolved_origin, substitution_rule,
+                                             extruder_id_name, extruder_variant_name, key_set1, key_set2);
+        },
+        [&](size_t i, UserPresetLoad &&loaded) {
+            // Resolve read the files without the lock, so another instance may have saved
+            // over them since. A file that changed is resolved again under the lock before
+            // commit removes or rewrites it, which also keeps its .json and .info from two
+            // different saves apart. Without the lock nothing is checked, so commit leaves
+            // the files alone.
+            const std::string lock_path = user_presets_lock_path(read_only);
+            InstanceLock      instance_lock(lock_path);
+            if (instance_lock.locked()) {
+                const PresetFilesOnDisk   on_disk = PresetFilesOnDisk::read(files[i].path);
+                boost::system::error_code ec;
+                // The link itself, and a stat error counts as present, so a file that is
+                // there but cannot be read is still counted and removed by commit.
+                if (! on_disk.json && fs::symlink_status(files[i].path, ec).type() == fs::file_not_found)
+                    return; // removed by another instance since it was read
+                if (! (on_disk == loaded.on_disk)) {
+                    CNumericLocalesSetter locales_setter;
+                    loaded = this->resolve_user_preset(files[i].path, files[i].canonical_name, resolved_origin, substitution_rule,
+                                                       extruder_id_name, extruder_variant_name, key_set1, key_set2);
                }
-
-                if (preset_loaded_fn != nullptr)
-                    preset_loaded_fn(preset);
-
-                presets_loaded.emplace_back(preset);
-                BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(info) << __FUNCTION__ << __LINE__ << " load config successful and preset name is:" << preset.name;
+            }
+            const bool leave_files = read_only || (! lock_path.empty() && ! instance_lock.locked());
+            // Committing can remove an unreadable preset's file, and a filesystem error
+            // there is reported without stopping the rest of the directory.
+            try {
+                this->commit_user_preset(std::move(loaded), presets_loaded, substitutions, preset_loaded_fn, leave_files);
            } catch (const std::runtime_error &err) {
                errors_cummulative += err.what();
                errors_cummulative += "\n";
            }
-        }
-    }
+        });
+
    if (presets_loaded.size() > 0)
        m_presets.insert(m_presets.end(), std::make_move_iterator(presets_loaded.begin()), std::make_move_iterator(presets_loaded.end()));
    sort_presets();
@@ -2167,7 +2295,10 @@ void PresetCollection::set_sync_info_and_save(std::string name, std::string sett
            preset->setting_id = setting_id;
            if (update_time > 0)
                preset->updated_time = update_time;
-            preset->sync_info == "update" ? preset->save(nullptr) : preset->save_info();
+            if (preset->sync_info == "update")
+                preset->save(nullptr);
+            else
+                preset->save_info();
            break;
        }
    }
@@ -2827,6 +2958,18 @@ std::pair<Preset*, bool> PresetCollection::load_external_preset(
    return std::make_pair(&preset, false);
 }

+Preset& PresetCollection::append_preset(std::string &&path, const std::string &name, DynamicPrintConfig &&config)
+{
+    lock();
+    Preset &preset = m_presets.emplace_back(m_type, name, false);
+    preset.file = std::move(path);
+    preset.config = std::move(config);
+    preset.loaded = true;
+    preset.is_dirty = false;
+    unlock();
+    return preset;
+}
+
 Preset& PresetCollection::load_preset(const std::string &path, const std::string &name, DynamicPrintConfig &&config, bool select, Semver file_version)
 {
    lock();
@@ -3846,28 +3989,53 @@ bool PresetCollection::select_preset_by_name_strict(const std::string &name)
    return false;
 }

-// Merge one vendor's presets with the other vendor's presets, report duplicates.
-std::vector<std::string> PresetCollection::merge_presets(PresetCollection &&other, const VendorMap &new_vendors)
+std::vector<std::vector<std::string>> PresetCollection::merge_presets(const std::vector<PresetCollection*> &others, const VendorMap &new_vendors)
 {
-    std::vector<std::string> duplicates;
-    for (Preset &preset : other.m_presets) {
-        if (preset.is_default || preset.is_external)
-            continue;
-        Preset key(m_type, preset.name);
-        auto it = (m_type == Preset::TYPE_FILAMENT)
-            ? std::lower_bound(m_presets.begin() + m_num_default_presets, m_presets.end(), key, filament_preset_less)
-            : std::lower_bound(m_presets.begin() + m_num_default_presets, m_presets.end(), key);
-        if (it == m_presets.end() || it->name != preset.name) {
+    auto less = [this](const Preset &a, const Preset &b) {
+        return m_type == Preset::TYPE_FILAMENT ? filament_preset_less(a, b) : a < b;
+    };
+    struct Incoming { Preset *preset; size_t source; };
+    auto incoming_less = [&less](const Incoming &a, const Incoming &b) { return less(*a.preset, *b.preset); };
+    // Each of `others` is sorted, so its presets form one sorted run.
+    std::vector<Incoming> incoming;
+    std::vector<size_t>   run_ends { 0 };
+    for (size_t source = 0; source < others.size(); ++ source) {
+        for (Preset &preset : others[source]->m_presets)
+            if (! preset.is_default && ! preset.is_external)
+                incoming.push_back({ &preset, source });
+        assert(std::is_sorted(incoming.begin() + run_ends.back(), incoming.end(), incoming_less));
+        run_ends.push_back(incoming.size());
+    }
+    // Merged pairwise and stably, so equal names stay in the order of `others`.
+    const size_t runs = others.size();
+    for (size_t width = 1; width < runs; width *= 2)
+        for (size_t i = 0; i + width < runs; i += 2 * width)
+            std::inplace_merge(incoming.begin() + run_ends[i], incoming.begin() + run_ends[i + width],
+                               incoming.begin() + run_ends[std::min(i + 2 * width, runs)], incoming_less);
+
+    std::vector<std::vector<std::string>> duplicates(others.size());
+    std::deque<Preset> merged;
+    auto own = m_presets.begin() + m_num_default_presets;
+    std::move(m_presets.begin(), own, std::back_inserter(merged));
+    // On equal names this collection's preset is kept, else the earliest of `others`,
+    // and each repeat is listed under the collection it came from.
+    for (auto next = incoming.begin(); own != m_presets.end() || next != incoming.end();) {
+        if (next == incoming.end() || (own != m_presets.end() && ! less(*next->preset, *own)))
+            merged.emplace_back(std::move(*own ++));
+        else {
+            Preset &preset = *(next ++)->preset;
            if (preset.vendor != nullptr) {
                // Re-assign a pointer to the vendor structure in the new PresetBundle.
                auto it = new_vendors.find(preset.vendor->id);
                assert(it != new_vendors.end());
                preset.vendor = &it->second;
            }
-            m_presets.emplace(it, std::move(preset));
-        } else
-            duplicates.emplace_back(std::move(preset.name));
+            merged.emplace_back(std::move(preset));
+        }
+        for (; next != incoming.end() && next->preset->name == merged.back().name; ++ next)
+            duplicates[next->source].emplace_back(next->preset->name);
    }
+    m_presets = std::move(merged);
    return duplicates;
 }

@@ -4212,8 +4380,15 @@ void PhysicalPrinter::update_preset_names_in_config()
    }
 }

+void PhysicalPrinter::save(DynamicPrintConfig* /* parent_config */)
+{
+    InstanceLock instance_lock(user_presets_lock_path());
+    this->config.save_to_json(this->file, std::string("Physical_Printer"), std::string("User"), std::string(SLIC3R_VERSION));
+}
+
 void PhysicalPrinter::save(const std::string& file_name_from, const std::string& file_name_to)
 {
+    InstanceLock instance_lock(user_presets_lock_path());
    // rename the file
    boost::nowide::rename(file_name_from.data(), file_name_to.data());
    this->file = file_name_to;
@@ -4345,6 +4520,7 @@ void PhysicalPrinterCollection::load_printers(
                continue;
            }
            try {
+                InstanceLock instance_lock(user_presets_lock_path());
                PhysicalPrinter printer(name, this->default_config());
                printer.file = dir_entry.path().string();
                // Load the preset file, apply preset values on top of defaults.
@@ -4537,7 +4713,10 @@ bool PhysicalPrinterCollection::delete_printer(const std::string& name)

    const PhysicalPrinter& printer = *it;
    // Erase the preset file.
-    boost::nowide::remove(printer.file.c_str());
+    {
+        InstanceLock instance_lock(user_presets_lock_path());
+        boost::nowide::remove(printer.file.c_str());
+    }
    m_printers.erase(it);
    return true;
 }
@@ -4549,7 +4728,10 @@ bool PhysicalPrinterCollection::delete_selected_printer()
    const PhysicalPrinter& printer = this->get_selected_printer();

    // Erase the preset file.
-    boost::nowide::remove(printer.file.c_str());
+    {
+        InstanceLock instance_lock(user_presets_lock_path());
+        boost::nowide::remove(printer.file.c_str());
+    }
    // Remove the preset from the list.
    m_printers.erase(m_printers.begin() + m_idx_selected);
    // unselect all printers
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@
 #include <unordered_set>
 #include <functional>
 #include <mutex>
+#include <optional>
 #include <boost/algorithm/string/predicate.hpp>
 #include <boost/filesystem/path.hpp>
 #include <boost/property_tree/ptree_fwd.hpp>
@@ -330,7 +331,8 @@ public:

    //BBS: add logic for only difference save
    //if parent_config is null, save all keys, otherwise, only save difference
-    void                save(DynamicPrintConfig* parent_config);
+    // Returns false when the preset file could not be written.
+    bool                save(DynamicPrintConfig* parent_config);
    void                reload(Preset const & parent);

    // Return a label of this preset, consisting of a name and a "(modified)" suffix, if this preset is dirty.
@@ -445,7 +447,10 @@ public:
    static std::string                      remove_suffix_modified(const std::string& name);
    static void                             normalize(DynamicPrintConfig &config);
    // Report configuration fields, which are misplaced into a wrong group, remove them from the config.
-    static std::string                      remove_invalid_keys(DynamicPrintConfig &config, const DynamicPrintConfig &default_config);
+    // `added`, when given, is the diff applied over a copy of default_config, and only
+    // its keys are checked, since no other key can be missing from default_config.
+    static std::string                      remove_invalid_keys(DynamicPrintConfig &config, const DynamicPrintConfig &default_config,
+                                                                const DynamicPrintConfig *added = nullptr);

    // BBS: move constructor to public
    Preset(Type type, const std::string &name, bool is_default = false) : type(type), is_default(is_default), name(name) {}
@@ -485,6 +490,12 @@ std::string get_preset_canonical_name(const std::string &preset_bare_name, const
 // Tail segment of a canonical name — what's written to the bundle's .json filename and JSON "name" field.
 std::string get_preset_bare_name(const std::string &canonical_name);

+// Lock file guarding every user preset file under data_dir() against other
+// running instances and the preset sync thread. Empty without a data dir, and
+// for a read-only load (the CLI), which never rewrites or deletes and may run
+// many jobs on one data dir.
+std::string user_presets_lock_path(bool read_only = false);
+
 // Resolve an origin from a directory path when the caller passes Kind::Auto.
 PresetOrigin detect_origin_from_path(const boost::filesystem::path &path, const PresetOrigin &explicit_origin = PresetOrigin());

@@ -801,6 +812,8 @@ public:
    // Return number of presets including the "- default -" preset.
    size_t          size() const                { return m_presets.size(); }
    bool            has_defaults_only() const   { return m_presets.size() <= m_num_default_presets; }
+    // How many presets this collection refused or repaired while loading.
+    int             error_count() const         { return m_errors; }

    // For Print / Filament presets, disable those, which are not compatible with the printer.
    template<typename PreferedCondition>
@@ -874,8 +887,10 @@ protected:
    // This is a temporary state, which shall be fixed immediately by the following step.
    bool            select_preset_by_name_strict(const std::string &name);

-    // Merge one vendor's presets with the other vendor's presets, report duplicates.
-    std::vector<std::string> merge_presets(PresetCollection &&other, const VendorMap &new_vendors);
+    // Move the presets of `others` into this collection in one pass. A name this
+    // collection or an earlier one of `others` already has is left out, and reported
+    // in the list of the collection that repeats it.
+    std::vector<std::vector<std::string>> merge_presets(const std::vector<PresetCollection*> &others, const VendorMap &new_vendors);

    // Update m_map_alias_to_profile_name from loaded system profiles.
 	void 			update_map_alias_to_profile_name();
@@ -890,6 +905,56 @@ protected:
    void            set_custom_preset_alias(Preset &preset);

 private:
+    // A preset file and its .info as read from disk, std::nullopt for one that is missing.
+    struct PresetFilesOnDisk
+    {
+        std::optional<std::string> json;
+        std::optional<std::string> info;
+
+        static PresetFilesOnDisk read(const boost::filesystem::path &file);
+        bool operator==(const PresetFilesOnDisk &rhs) const { return json == rhs.json && info == rhs.info; }
+    };
+
+    // One preset file read and flattened against the presets already in this
+    // collection, before anything the collection shares has been touched.
+    struct UserPresetLoad
+    {
+        Preset      preset;
+        // Joins the collection. A file that threw partway still joins it, without
+        // the steps that did not run.
+        bool        install { false };
+        // The whole of the load ran, so the preset is ready to be aliased.
+        bool        complete { false };
+        // A filament preset that named no compatible printer and was given one from
+        // its name, which commit writes back to its file.
+        bool        save_compatible_printers { false };
+        // Unreadable, so commit removes it and its .info file.
+        bool        discard_file { false };
+        // The .info file read beside the preset, which commit logs.
+        std::string info_file;
+        // Both files as they were before the preset was read from them. Resolve runs
+        // without the instance lock, so commit compares this with the disk under it.
+        PresetFilesOnDisk on_disk;
+        // Counted and logged by commit, in the order the directory listed the files.
+        std::vector<std::string>   errors;
+        PresetsConfigSubstitutions substitutions;
+    };
+
+    // Read and flatten one preset file. It reads only, and resolves against the presets
+    // loaded before this pass, never another file of the same pass, so the files of a
+    // pass are independent of each other.
+    UserPresetLoad  resolve_user_preset(const boost::filesystem::path &file, const std::string &canonical_name,
+                                        const PresetOrigin &load_origin, ForwardCompatibilitySubstitutionRule substitution_rule,
+                                        const std::string &extruder_id_name, const std::string &extruder_variant_name,
+                                        std::set<std::string> *key_set1, std::set<std::string> *key_set2) const;
+
+    // Install one resolved preset. The collection, its alias maps, the error count
+    // and the preset files on disk are touched here and only here.
+    void            commit_user_preset(UserPresetLoad &&loaded, std::deque<Preset> &presets_loaded,
+                                       PresetsConfigSubstitutions &substitutions,
+                                       const std::function<void(Preset&)> &preset_loaded_fn,
+                                       bool read_only);
+
    std::string canonical_preset_name(const std::string &name, const PresetOrigin &load_origin = PresetOrigin()) const;

    // Comparator that sorts "Generic " prefixed presets before others, then alphabetically within each group.
@@ -901,6 +966,10 @@ private:
        return a.name < b.name;
    }

+    // Append a preset without keeping the collection sorted, for a caller installing
+    // many at once; find_preset() is unusable until sort_presets() runs.
+    Preset& append_preset(std::string &&path, const std::string &name, DynamicPrintConfig &&config);
+
    // Sort presets: filament presets use generic-first ordering, others sort alphabetically.
    void sort_presets() {
        if (m_type == Preset::TYPE_FILAMENT)
@@ -1054,7 +1123,7 @@ public:

    //BBS: change to json format
    //void                save() { this->config.save(this->file); }
-    void                save(DynamicPrintConfig* parent_config) { this->config.save_to_json(this->file, std::string("Physical_Printer"), std::string("User"), std::string(SLIC3R_VERSION)); }
+    void                save(DynamicPrintConfig* parent_config);
    void                save(const std::string& file_name_from, const std::string& file_name_to);

    void                update_from_preset(const Preset& preset);
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
 #include <unordered_map>
 #include <optional>
 #include <array>
+#include <atomic>
 #include <boost/filesystem/path.hpp>
 #include <unordered_set>

@@ -622,36 +623,180 @@ public:
    // default_filament_profile must resolve to a system filament.
    bool check_printer_default_materials() const;

-    // Merge one vendor's presets with the other vendor's presets, report duplicates.
-    // Public so per-vendor-cache consumers (e.g. the setup wizard) can assemble a
-    // bundle out of several per-vendor caches loaded into separate PresetBundle instances.
-    std::vector<std::string>    merge_presets(PresetBundle &&other);
+    // One vendor to load, and the directory it is installed in.
+    struct VendorSource
+    {
+        std::string             name;
+        boost::filesystem::path dir;
+    };
+
+    // Load `vendors` into this bundle, the Orca filament library directly and every
+    // other vendor in parallel into a bundle of its own that inherits from it, merged
+    // in the order given. A vendor that cannot be loaded has its error added to the
+    // returned text, or thrown in validation mode, and its name to `failed`; it is
+    // left out, except for the library, which keeps what it installed before the
+    // failure. Once `cancel` is set, no further vendor starts loading.
+    std::pair<PresetsConfigSubstitutions, std::string> load_vendors(const std::vector<VendorSource>& vendors,
+        ForwardCompatibilitySubstitutionRule compatibility_rule, bool allow_cache,
+        const std::atomic<bool>* cancel = nullptr, std::vector<std::string>* failed = nullptr);

 private:
-    // Load one vendor from the preset cache installed in `dir`, judged against
-    // the vendor profile there. False, with this bundle left clean, when there
-    // is no usable cache and the vendor has to be parsed. This is how
-    // load_vendor_configs_from_json reads a cache.
-    bool load_vendor_cache(const boost::filesystem::path& dir, const std::string& vendor_name, const PresetBundle* base_bundle);
+    // Move the presets and vendor profiles of `others` into this bundle, in one pass
+    // over each collection. A preset whose name this bundle or an earlier one of
+    // `others` already has is left out and listed under the bundle that repeats it.
+    std::vector<std::vector<std::string>> merge_presets(const std::vector<PresetBundle*> &others);

-    // Load one source-form preset entry into this bundle: resolve `inherits`
-    // and `include`, flatten, validate and register the preset. Returns the
-    // reason loading failed, empty on success. See the definition for the
-    // sharing contract between the JSON parse and the cache load.
-    // retain_configs / retain_includes, when non-null, name the only presets
-    // registered into config_maps / include_maps (a config copy each). The
-    // cache load passes the names its entries inherit / include — the only
-    // ones ever looked up again; the JSON parse retains all, not knowing what
-    // later subfiles name.
-    std::string load_vendor_preset(const CachedPreset& entry,
-        const std::string& path, const std::string& vendor_name,
-        const PresetBundle* base_bundle,
-        LoadConfigBundleAttributes flags,
-        ConfigSubstitutionContext& substitution_context, PresetsConfigSubstitutions& substitutions,
-        std::map<std::string, DynamicPrintConfig>& config_maps, std::map<std::string, DynamicPrintConfig>& include_maps,
-        std::map<std::string, std::string>& filament_id_maps,
-        PresetCollection* presets_collection, size_t& count, bool is_from_lib,
-        const std::set<std::string>* retain_configs = nullptr, const std::set<std::string>* retain_includes = nullptr);
+    // What parsing one entry's JSON sub-file reported. Its errors and warnings are
+    // logged when the entry installs, so they come out in listing order with the
+    // entry's install errors, as parsing and installing one entry at a time leaves them.
+    struct EntryParse
+    {
+        ConfigSubstitutions      substitutions;
+        // Counted in the bundle's error count.
+        std::vector<std::string> errors;
+        std::vector<std::string> warnings;
+    };
+
+    // An EntryParse for each entry of the VendorCacheData list of the same name.
+    struct VendorParse
+    {
+        std::vector<EntryParse> process_entries;
+        std::vector<EntryParse> filament_entries;
+        std::vector<EntryParse> machine_entries;
+    };
+
+    // One vendor read from its cache or its JSONs by read_vendor, for
+    // install_vendor_read to install.
+    struct VendorRead
+    {
+        std::string                          dir;
+        std::string                          vendor_name;
+        LoadConfigBundleAttributes           flags;
+        ForwardCompatibilitySubstitutionRule compatibility_rule;
+        // The errors this bundle had counted before the read, which the cache stamp leaves out.
+        int                                  errors_at_entry { 0 };
+        // A whole-vendor load, which can read a cache and write one.
+        bool                                 cacheable { false };
+        // Read from the cache at cache_path, which install can still reject.
+        bool                                 from_cache { false };
+        std::string                          cache_path;
+        // Only the vendor profile was asked for.
+        bool                                 vendor_only { false };
+        VendorCacheData                      data;
+        // What each entry's JSON parse reported, and whether and with which version
+        // the cache is written once the entries install.
+        VendorParse                          parsed;
+        bool                                 will_cache { false };
+        std::string                          version;
+        // The sub-file the parse stopped at, its kind, why, and the errors it reported.
+        std::string                          reason;
+        std::string                          failed_subfile;
+        const char*                          failed_kind { nullptr };
+        std::vector<std::string>             failed_errors;
+    };
+
+    // Read a vendor into this bundle's vendor profiles and `data`, from its cache
+    // when one covers it, else from its JSONs; nothing is installed. Throws
+    // ConfigurationError when the vendor's own JSON cannot be parsed.
+    VendorRead read_vendor(const std::string& dir, const std::string& vendor_name, LoadConfigBundleAttributes flags,
+                           ForwardCompatibilitySubstitutionRule compatibility_rule, bool allow_cache);
+
+    // Parse the vendor's JSONs into `read`, up to the first sub-file that fails.
+    void parse_vendor_json(VendorRead& read);
+
+    // Install what read_vendor read, against base_bundle's filament library. A cache
+    // that cannot be installed is replaced by a parse of the JSONs. Throws
+    // ConfigurationError at the first entry that cannot be installed, or after
+    // installing the entries before a sub-file that could not be parsed.
+    std::pair<PresetsConfigSubstitutions, size_t> install_vendor_read(VendorRead&& read, const PresetBundle* base_bundle);
+
+    // Install a cache's entries. False, with this bundle left clean, when one of them
+    // cannot be installed.
+    bool install_vendor_cache(const std::string& cache_path, const std::string& vendor_name, VendorCacheData&& data,
+                              const PresetBundle* base_bundle);
+
+    // Log and count errors reported by a resolve or a parse.
+    void log_errors(const std::vector<std::string>& errors);
+
+    // The state of installing one collection of one vendor, which
+    // resolve_vendor_preset reads through a const reference and only
+    // commit_vendor_preset writes.
+    struct VendorInstall
+    {
+        // The directory holding <vendor_name>/, whose sub-paths the entries name.
+        std::string                path;
+        std::string                vendor_name;
+        const VendorProfile*       vendor_profile;
+        const PresetBundle*        base_bundle;
+        LoadConfigBundleAttributes flags;
+        PresetCollection*          presets;
+        // The Orca filament library, which keeps every config for other vendors to
+        // resolve against.
+        bool                       is_from_lib;
+        PresetsConfigSubstitutions* substitutions;
+        // The names some entry inherits / includes, the only ones whose configs /
+        // include diffs are looked up again.
+        std::set<std::string>      inherited;
+        std::set<std::string>      included;
+        std::map<std::string, DynamicPrintConfig> config_maps;
+        std::map<std::string, DynamicPrintConfig> include_maps;
+        std::map<std::string, std::string>        filament_id_maps;
+        std::unordered_set<std::string>           installed_names;
+        size_t                     count { 0 };
+    };
+
+    // Install a vendor's source-form entries, parsed from its JSON or read from its
+    // cache: processes, then filaments, then printers. Both loads go through here,
+    // so a cache-loaded bundle cannot come out different from a JSON-loaded one.
+    // `parsed` is given for entries parsed just now. `complete` says the entries
+    // are the vendor's whole lists; only then are the filament library's configs
+    // and filament ids left in m_config_maps and m_filament_id_maps. Returns the
+    // number of presets installed, and throws ConfigurationError at the first
+    // entry that cannot be installed.
+    size_t install_vendor(const std::string& path, const std::string& vendor_name, const PresetBundle* base_bundle,
+                          LoadConfigBundleAttributes flags, const VendorCacheData& entries,
+                          VendorParse* parsed, bool complete, PresetsConfigSubstitutions& substitutions);
+
+    // Install one collection's entries in the order they are listed.
+    void install_vendor_entries(VendorInstall& install, const std::vector<CachedPreset>& entries,
+                                std::vector<EntryParse>* parsed);
+
+    // One entry flattened against the preset it inherits, before anything this
+    // bundle shares has been touched.
+    struct PresetInstall
+    {
+        DynamicPrintConfig       config;
+        std::string              file_path;
+        // Empty when the preset is its own alias.
+        std::string              alias;
+        std::string              filament_id;
+        std::vector<std::string> renamed_from;
+        // Reported by commit, so resolving entries together leaves the log and
+        // the error count as one entry at a time produces them.
+        std::vector<std::string> errors;
+        // What a base states for the presets that include it, when it is retained.
+        std::optional<DynamicPrintConfig> included;
+        // The config kept for the entries that inherit this one, or for other
+        // vendors when this is the filament library.
+        std::optional<DynamicPrintConfig> retained;
+        // Not instantiated, so it contributes a config and no preset.
+        bool                     config_only { false };
+        // Non-empty when the entry is rejected, and says why.
+        std::string              reason;
+    };
+
+    // Flatten one entry against the config it inherits, from this collection's
+    // config_maps or base_bundle's filament library, with the include diffs it
+    // names layered in. It looks up nothing but the names the entry inherits and
+    // includes, and writes nothing.
+    PresetInstall resolve_vendor_preset(const CachedPreset& entry, const VendorInstall& install) const;
+
+    // Install a resolved entry. The collections, the maps in `install` and the
+    // error count are touched here and only here, one entry at a time.
+    // Presets are appended, so a repeated name is caught with `installed_names`,
+    // and the collection is sorted once every entry is in.
+    std::string commit_vendor_preset(const CachedPreset& entry, PresetInstall&& resolved,
+                                     ConfigSubstitutions&& substitutions, VendorInstall& install);

    // Clear every collection's m_printer_hold_alias, which reset() leaves alone.
    void clear_printer_hold_aliases();
@@ -400,46 +400,24 @@ bool write_cache_blob(const std::string& path, const std::string& blob)
 {
    boost::crc_32_type crc;
    crc.process_bytes(blob.data(), blob.size());
-    // Written beside the target and moved into place, as AppConfig::save does:
-    // a cache is truncated and rewritten in full, so a write that dies partway
-    // would otherwise leave a header claiming more body than the file holds.
-    // The PID suffix also keeps two instances writing the same vendor from
-    // interleaving.
-    const std::string tmp_path = path + "." + std::to_string(get_current_pid()) + ".tmp";
+    // Written beside the target and moved into place: a cache is truncated and
+    // rewritten in full, so a write that dies partway would otherwise leave a
+    // header claiming more body than the file holds.
    try {
        boost::filesystem::create_directories(boost::filesystem::path(path).parent_path());
-        {
-            boost::nowide::ofstream ofs(tmp_path, std::ios::binary | std::ios::trunc);
-            if (!ofs.is_open()) {
-                BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(warning) << "VendorCacheFile: cannot open for writing: " << tmp_path;
-                return false;
-            }
-            CacheFileHeader fhdr;
-            fhdr.magic     = CACHE_MAGIC;
-            fhdr.version   = CACHE_VERSION;
-            fhdr.data_size = static_cast<uint64_t>(blob.size());
-            fhdr.crc32     = crc.checksum();
-            ofs.write(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(&fhdr), sizeof(fhdr));
-            ofs.write(blob.data(), static_cast<std::streamsize>(blob.size()));
-            ofs.close();   // flush; close() raises failbit on error
-            if (! ofs.good()) {
-                BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(warning) << "VendorCacheFile: write failed (" << tmp_path << ")";
-                boost::system::error_code ec;
-                boost::filesystem::remove(tmp_path, ec);
-                return false;
-            }
-        }
-        if (const std::error_code ec = rename_file(tmp_path, path)) {
-            BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(warning) << "VendorCacheFile: could not move " << tmp_path << " into place: " << ec.message();
-            boost::system::error_code rm;
-            boost::filesystem::remove(tmp_path, rm);
+        CacheFileHeader fhdr;
+        fhdr.magic     = CACHE_MAGIC;
+        fhdr.version   = CACHE_VERSION;
+        fhdr.data_size = static_cast<uint64_t>(blob.size());
+        fhdr.crc32     = crc.checksum();
+        const std::string_view header(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(&fhdr), sizeof(fhdr));
+        if (const std::error_code ec = write_file_atomically(path, { header, std::string_view(blob) }, /*binary=*/true)) {
+            BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(warning) << "VendorCacheFile: write failed (" << path << "): " << ec.message();
            return false;
        }
        return true;
    } catch (const std::exception& e) {
        BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(warning) << "VendorCacheFile: write failed (" << path << "): " << e.what();
-        boost::system::error_code ec;
-        boost::filesystem::remove(tmp_path, ec);
        return false;
    }
 }
@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ void skip_config(cereal::BinaryInputArchive& ar, const CacheDictionary& dict);

 // One preset as its JSON subfile states it: the config diff, the names of the
 // preset it inherits and the presets it includes, and the parse metadata —
-// everything the parse phase of load_vendor_configs_from_json extracts and
+// everything PresetBundle::parse_vendor_json extracts and
 // nothing it derives. Inheritance and includes are resolved when the entry is
 // installed, against whatever filament library is loaded then, so a cache
 // carries no other vendor's values and no other vendor's update can make it
@@ -2439,18 +2439,12 @@ StringObjectException Print::validate(std::vector<StringObjectException> *warnin
            if (m_default_region_config.precise_outer_wall && m_default_region_config.wall_sequence != WallSequence::InnerOuter)
                warn(L("The precise wall option will be ignored for outer-inner or inner-outer-inner wall sequences."), "precise_outer_wall");

-            // check adaptive pressure advance model of every extruder variant column of the used filaments
-            const std::vector<int> &self_index = m_config.filament_self_index.values;
-            const size_t pa_columns = std::max(m_config.adaptive_pressure_advance_model.size(), size_t(extruders.back()) + 1);
-            for (size_t column = 0; column < pa_columns; ++column) {
-                // filament_self_index maps a column to its filament once the filament arrays hold one column per variant
-                const unsigned int filament_id = self_index.size() == pa_columns ? self_index[column] - 1 : column;
-                if (!std::binary_search(extruders.begin(), extruders.end(), filament_id))
-                    continue;
-                if (m_config.adaptive_pressure_advance.get_at(column) &&
-                    m_config.enable_pressure_advance.get_at(column)) {
+            // check adaptive pressure advance model
+            for (unsigned int extruder_id : extruders) {
+                if (m_config.adaptive_pressure_advance.get_at(extruder_id) && 
+                    m_config.enable_pressure_advance.get_at(extruder_id)) {
                    
-                    const std::string pa_model = m_config.adaptive_pressure_advance_model.get_at(column);
+                    const std::string pa_model = m_config.adaptive_pressure_advance_model.get_at(extruder_id);
                    if (!pa_model.empty()) {
                        std::string validation_error = AdaptivePAProcessor::validate_adaptive_pa_model(pa_model);
                        if (!validation_error.empty()) {
@@ -9403,10 +9403,6 @@ void PrintConfigDef::handle_legacy_composite(DynamicPrintConfig &config)
        }
        config.set_key_value("wiping_volumes_use_custom_matrix", new ConfigOptionBool(custom));
    }
-
-    // Orca: a config saved before a key joined filament_options_with_variant stores it once per filament
-    // rather than once per filament variant, and one exported by an older CLI may store a single value.
-    normalize_filament_values_to_variants(config);
 }

 const PrintConfigDef print_config_def;
@@ -9509,13 +9505,6 @@ std::set<std::string> filament_options_with_variant = {
    "filament_ironing_spacing",
    "filament_ironing_inset",
    "filament_ironing_speed",
-    // Orca: pressure advance
-    "enable_pressure_advance",
-    "pressure_advance",
-    "adaptive_pressure_advance",
-    "adaptive_pressure_advance_model",
-    "adaptive_pressure_advance_overhangs",
-    "adaptive_pressure_advance_bridges",
    "activate_air_filtration",
    "activate_air_filtration_during_print",
    "activate_air_filtration_on_completion",
@@ -10723,25 +10712,6 @@ void set_variant_override(ConfigOptionVectorBase &target, const ConfigOptionVect
    target.set_to_index(&source, indices, stride);
 }

-void normalize_filament_values_to_variants(DynamicPrintConfig &config)
-{
-    const auto *self_index = config.option<ConfigOptionInts>("filament_self_index");
-    if (self_index == nullptr || self_index->empty())
-        return;
-    const int filament_count = *std::max_element(self_index->values.begin(), self_index->values.end());
-    if (filament_count <= 0 || size_t(filament_count) >= self_index->size())
-        return;
-    for (const std::string &key : filament_options_with_variant) {
-        auto *opt = dynamic_cast<ConfigOptionVectorBase *>(config.option(key));
-        if (opt == nullptr || (opt->size() != size_t(filament_count) && opt->size() != 1))
-            continue;
-        std::unique_ptr<ConfigOption> per_filament(opt->clone());
-        // set_at() takes the first value for a filament past the end of a single-value vector
-        for (size_t variant = 0; variant < self_index->size(); ++variant)
-            opt->set_at(per_filament.get(), variant, self_index->values[variant] - 1);
-    }
-}
-

 //used for object/region config
 //use the smallest of multiple to single
@@ -884,11 +884,6 @@ extern std::set<std::string> empty_options;
 void set_variant_override(ConfigOptionVectorBase &target, const ConfigOptionVectorBase &source,
                          const std::vector<int> &variant_index, int stride = 1);

-// Orca: lays every filament_options_with_variant option out one value per filament variant, as
-// filament_self_index maps the variants to filaments. An option holding one value per filament, or a
-// single value, gives every variant of a filament that filament's value; other lengths are left alone.
-void normalize_filament_values_to_variants(DynamicPrintConfig &config);
-
 extern std::set<std::string> filament_dev_options;

 extern void update_static_print_config_from_dynamic(ConfigBase& config, const DynamicPrintConfig& dest_config, std::vector<int> variant_index, std::set<std::string>& key_set1, int stride = 1);
@@ -8,6 +8,8 @@
 #include <functional>
 #include <type_traits>
 #include <system_error>
+#include <initializer_list>
+#include <string_view>
 #include <regex>

 #include <boost/system/error_code.hpp>
@@ -224,6 +226,21 @@ extern std::vector<std::string> split_string(const std::string &str, char delimi
 // On Windows, the file explorer (or anti-virus or whatever else) often locks the file
 // for a short while, so the file may not be movable. Retry while we see recoverable errors.
 extern std::error_code rename_file(const std::string &from, const std::string &to);
+// Write `chunks`, in order, to `path` through a temporary file beside it that is
+// then renamed over the target, so a concurrent reader sees the old or the new
+// file, never a partial one. The temporary is removed on failure and an existing
+// target keeps its permissions. Text mode unless `binary`, so Windows writes CRLF
+// as the streams this replaces did. A target that is not a regular file (a
+// device or pipe) is written in place, since replacing it would change what it
+// is, and so is an existing target beside which no temporary can be created or
+// whose replace the filesystem refuses; a symlink is followed and the file it
+// names is replaced. On Windows a reader holding the
+// target open without sharing its deletion, which the C runtime does not, makes
+// the replace fall back to the in-place write too, so an unlocked reader there
+// can still see a partial file.
+extern std::error_code write_file_atomically(const std::string &path, std::initializer_list<std::string_view> chunks, bool binary = false);
+inline std::error_code write_file_atomically(const std::string &path, const std::string &content, bool binary = false)
+	{ return write_file_atomically(path, { std::string_view(content) }, binary); }

 enum CopyFileResult {
 	SUCCESS = 0,
@@ -256,19 +273,10 @@ extern bool is_gallery_file(const std::string& path, char const* type);
 extern bool is_shapes_dir(const std::string& dir);
 //BBS: add json support
 extern bool is_json_file(const std::string& path);
-// True if rel_path is relative, has no ".." component or embedded NUL and, joined to root, still resolves inside it.
+// True if rel_path is relative, has no ".." component and, joined to root, still resolves inside it.
 // Both '/' and '\\' are treated as separators on every platform, so an archive rejected on one OS
 // is rejected on all of them.
 extern bool is_path_within_root(const std::string &rel_path, const boost::filesystem::path &root);
-// True if a symlink stored at link_rel_path (relative to root) with this target stays inside root: the target
-// must be relative, and joined to the link's directory it must pass is_path_within_root.
-extern bool is_symlink_target_within_root(const std::string &link_rel_path, const std::string &target, const boost::filesystem::path &root);
-// True if path names an entry strictly inside root: it must be spelled with root as its prefix,
-// and must still resolve inside root once symlinks are followed.
-extern bool is_absolute_path_within_root(const boost::filesystem::path &path, const boost::filesystem::path &root);
-// True if a file with this name is of a type that the desktop opens as plain content, so it cannot run code.
-// Anything unknown is not safe.
-extern bool is_safe_to_open_file_name(const std::string &file_name);

 // Orca: custom protocal support utils
 inline bool is_orca_open(const std::string& url) { return boost::starts_with(url, "orcaslicer://open"); }
@@ -4,9 +4,6 @@
 #include "miniz_extension.hpp"
 #include "Utils.hpp"

-#include <boost/filesystem.hpp>
-#include <boost/log/trivial.hpp>
-
 #if defined(_MSC_VER) || defined(__MINGW64__)
 #include "boost/nowide/cstdio.hpp"
 #endif
@@ -118,66 +115,6 @@ std::string decode_archive_entry_path(mz_zip_archive *zip, const mz_zip_archive_
    return decode_zip_unicode_path_extra_field(extra.substr(0, extra_size > 0 ? extra_size - 1 : 0), stat.m_filename);
 }

-bool extract_archive_confined(const std::string &zip_path_utf8, const std::string &dest_dir)
-{
-    mz_zip_archive archive;
-    mz_zip_zero_struct(&archive);
-
-    if (!open_zip_reader(&archive, zip_path_utf8)) {
-        BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(error) << "Unable to open zip reader for " << zip_path_utf8;
-        return false;
-    }
-
-    const mz_uint num_entries = mz_zip_reader_get_num_files(&archive);
-    mz_zip_archive_file_stat stat;
-
-    // Validate every entry first so an archive with a single escaping entry leaves no partial output behind.
-    const boost::filesystem::path root(dest_dir);
-    for (mz_uint i = 0; i < num_entries; ++i) {
-        if (mz_zip_reader_file_stat(&archive, i, &stat) && !is_path_within_root(stat.m_filename, root)) {
-            BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(error) << "Unzip: rejecting " << zip_path_utf8 << ", entry " << stat.m_filename << " resolves outside " << dest_dir;
-            close_zip_reader(&archive);
-            return false;
-        }
-    }
-
-    for (mz_uint i = 0; i < num_entries; ++i) {
-        if (!mz_zip_reader_file_stat(&archive, i, &stat)) {
-            BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(warning) << "Unzip: read file stat failed";
-            continue;
-        }
-        const std::string dest_file = dest_dir + "/" + stat.m_filename;
-        try {
-            if (stat.m_is_directory) {
-                const boost::filesystem::path dest_path(dest_file);
-                if (!boost::filesystem::exists(dest_path))
-                    boost::filesystem::create_directories(dest_path);
-                continue;
-            }
-            if (stat.m_uncomp_size == 0) {
-                BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(warning) << "Unzip: invalid size for file " << stat.m_filename;
-                continue;
-            }
-            // Replace a symlink at the destination rather than writing through it.
-            const boost::filesystem::path dest_path(dest_file);
-            if (boost::filesystem::is_symlink(boost::filesystem::symlink_status(dest_path)))
-                boost::filesystem::remove(dest_path);
-            if (!mz_zip_reader_extract_to_file(&archive, stat.m_file_index, dest_file.c_str(), 0)) {
-                BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(error) << "Unzip: extract file " << stat.m_filename << " to dest " << dest_file << " failed";
-                close_zip_reader(&archive);
-                return false;
-            }
-            BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(info) << "Unzip: successfully extract file " << stat.m_file_index << " to " << dest_file;
-        } catch (const std::exception &e) {
-            close_zip_reader(&archive);
-            BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(error) << "Unzip: archive read exception: " << e.what();
-            return false;
-        }
-    }
-    close_zip_reader(&archive);
-    return true;
-}
-
 MZ_Archive::MZ_Archive()
 {
    mz_zip_zero_struct(&arch);
@@ -11,8 +11,6 @@ bool open_zip_writer(mz_zip_archive *zip, const std::string &fname_utf8);
 bool close_zip_reader(mz_zip_archive *zip);
 bool close_zip_writer(mz_zip_archive *zip);
 std::string decode_archive_entry_path(mz_zip_archive *zip, const mz_zip_archive_file_stat &stat);
-// Extracts every entry of the archive under dest_dir. Nothing is written if any entry would resolve outside dest_dir.
-bool extract_archive_confined(const std::string &zip_path_utf8, const std::string &dest_dir);

 class MZ_Archive {
 public:
@@ -9,6 +9,8 @@
 #include <stdio.h>
 #include <filesystem>
 #include <sstream>
+#include <cerrno>
+#include <mutex>
 #include <iomanip>
 #include <algorithm>
 #include <cmath>
@@ -70,7 +72,6 @@
 #include <boost/shared_ptr.hpp>

 #include <boost/algorithm/string/predicate.hpp>
-#include <boost/algorithm/string/case_conv.hpp>
 #include <boost/filesystem.hpp>
 #include <boost/filesystem/path.hpp>
 #include <boost/nowide/fstream.hpp>
@@ -703,13 +704,99 @@ namespace WindowsSupport
 std::error_code rename_file(const std::string &from, const std::string &to)
 {
 #ifdef _WIN32
+	// Retries and moves an open destination aside itself.
 	return WindowsSupport::rename(from, to);
 #else
-	boost::nowide::remove(to.c_str());
-	return std::make_error_code(static_cast<std::errc>(boost::nowide::rename(from.c_str(), to.c_str())));
+	// rename(2) replaces an existing target atomically; removing it first would
+	// leave a window in which the file does not exist at all.
+	if (boost::nowide::rename(from.c_str(), to.c_str()) == 0)
+		return {};
+	const int err = errno;
+	// Some mounts (sshfs, gvfs, MTP and a few SMB setups) refuse to replace an
+	// existing target in one step, each with the error it sees fit; every error
+	// is worth the remove-then-rename this always did, except the ones no retry
+	// can help: nothing at the source, a different device, or a directory where
+	// a file was expected and the reverse.
+	const bool worth_retrying = err != ENOENT && err != EXDEV && err != ENOTDIR && err != EISDIR;
+	if (worth_retrying && boost::nowide::remove(to.c_str()) == 0 && boost::nowide::rename(from.c_str(), to.c_str()) == 0)
+		return {};
+	return std::make_error_code(static_cast<std::errc>(err));
 #endif
 }

+static std::error_code write_whole_file(const std::string &path, std::initializer_list<std::string_view> chunks, bool binary)
+{
+	errno = 0;
+	FILE *file = boost::nowide::fopen(path.c_str(), binary ? "wb" : "w");
+	if (file == nullptr)
+		return std::make_error_code(errno != 0 ? static_cast<std::errc>(errno) : std::errc::io_error);
+	bool ok = true;
+	for (const std::string_view chunk : chunks)
+		ok = ok && std::fwrite(chunk.data(), 1, chunk.size(), file) == chunk.size();
+	ok = ok && std::fflush(file) == 0;
+	const int err = ok ? 0 : errno;
+	ok = std::fclose(file) == 0 && ok;
+	if (ok)
+		return {};
+	return std::make_error_code(err != 0 ? static_cast<std::errc>(err) : std::errc::io_error);
+}
+
+// The in-place fallback truncates the target, so two threads of this process
+// on the same file must not both be in it. One mutex for all such writes: they
+// are the rare case. Never freed, like the InstanceLock registry, so a save
+// during static destruction still finds it.
+static std::error_code write_in_place(const std::string &path, std::initializer_list<std::string_view> chunks, bool binary)
+{
+	static auto *mutex = new std::mutex();
+	std::lock_guard<std::mutex> guard(*mutex);
+	return write_whole_file(path, chunks, binary);
+}
+
+std::error_code write_file_atomically(const std::string &path, std::initializer_list<std::string_view> chunks, bool binary)
+{
+	boost::system::error_code bec;
+	const boost::filesystem::file_status target = boost::filesystem::symlink_status(path, bec);
+	const bool target_exists = ! bec && boost::filesystem::exists(target);
+	if (target_exists && boost::filesystem::is_symlink(target)) {
+		// A config or preset kept in a dotfiles repository: the link stays,
+		// the file it points to is replaced like any other.
+		const boost::filesystem::path resolved = boost::filesystem::canonical(path, bec);
+		if (! bec && boost::filesystem::is_regular_file(resolved, bec))
+			return write_file_atomically(resolved.string(), chunks, binary);
+	}
+	if (target_exists && ! boost::filesystem::is_regular_file(target))
+		return write_in_place(path, chunks, binary);
+
+	// Unique per process and per call, so two threads writing one target
+	// without a lock never share a temporary.
+	static std::atomic<unsigned> counter{0};
+	const std::string tmp_path = path + "." + std::to_string(get_current_pid()) + "." + std::to_string(counter++) + ".tmp";
+	if (const std::error_code ec = write_whole_file(tmp_path, chunks, binary)) {
+		boost::nowide::remove(tmp_path.c_str());
+		if (! target_exists)
+			return ec;
+		// A directory that lets this process write its files but not create
+		// one: losing the save is worse than a reader seeing a partial file.
+		BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(warning) << "Cannot create a temporary beside " << path << " (" << ec.message() << "); writing in place";
+		return write_in_place(path, chunks, binary);
+	}
+#ifndef _WIN32
+	// Not on Windows, where a read-only bit on the temporary would stop the rename itself.
+	if (target_exists)
+		boost::filesystem::permissions(tmp_path, target.permissions(), bec);
+#endif
+	if (const std::error_code ec = rename_file(tmp_path, path)) {
+		boost::nowide::remove(tmp_path.c_str());
+		// A reader on Windows holding the target open without FILE_SHARE_DELETE,
+		// or a mount that cannot replace a file at all. Losing the save is worse
+		// than a reader seeing a partial file, so write in place the way this
+		// used to work before the atomic path existed.
+		BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(warning) << "Cannot replace " << path << " (" << ec.message() << "); writing in place";
+		return write_in_place(path, chunks, binary);
+	}
+	return {};
+}
+
 #ifdef __linux__
 // Copied from boost::filesystem.
 // Called by copy_file_linux() in case linux sendfile() API is not supported.
@@ -1094,9 +1181,6 @@ bool is_path_within_root(const std::string &rel_path, const boost::filesystem::p
    auto is_separator = [](char c) { return c == '/' || c == '\\'; };
    if (rel_path.empty() || is_separator(rel_path.front()) || (rel_path.size() > 1 && rel_path[1] == ':'))
        return false;
-    // The filesystem calls stop at a NUL, so they would act on a shorter path than the one checked here.
-    if (rel_path.find('\0') != std::string::npos)
-        return false;
    for (size_t start = 0; start <= rel_path.size();) {
        size_t end = start;
        while (end < rel_path.size() && !is_separator(rel_path[end]))
@@ -1107,10 +1191,7 @@ bool is_path_within_root(const std::string &rel_path, const boost::filesystem::p
    }
    // Resolve against the canonical root so a symlink inside it cannot lead back out.
    try {
-        std::string root_str = boost::filesystem::weakly_canonical(root).string();
-        // A trailing separator on root would otherwise fail the prefix match below for every path.
-        while (!root_str.empty() && (root_str.back() == '/' || root_str.back() == boost::filesystem::path::preferred_separator))
-            root_str.pop_back();
+        const std::string root_str = boost::filesystem::weakly_canonical(root).string();
        const std::string full_str = boost::filesystem::weakly_canonical(root / rel_path).string();
        return full_str.compare(0, root_str.size(), root_str) == 0 &&
               (full_str.size() == root_str.size() || full_str[root_str.size()] == boost::filesystem::path::preferred_separator);
@@ -1119,37 +1200,6 @@ bool is_path_within_root(const std::string &rel_path, const boost::filesystem::p
    }
 }

-bool is_symlink_target_within_root(const std::string &link_rel_path, const std::string &target, const boost::filesystem::path &root)
-{
-    if (target.empty() || target.front() == '/' || target.front() == '\\' || (target.size() > 1 && target[1] == ':'))
-        return false;
-    // A relative target without ".." only descends from the link's directory, so no chain of such links can leave root.
-    const size_t sep = link_rel_path.find_last_of("/\\");
-    return is_path_within_root((sep == std::string::npos ? std::string() : link_rel_path.substr(0, sep + 1)) + target, root);
-}
-
-bool is_absolute_path_within_root(const boost::filesystem::path &path, const boost::filesystem::path &root)
-{
-    const boost::filesystem::path rel = path.lexically_relative(root);
-    return !rel.empty() && rel != "." && is_path_within_root(rel.string(), root);
-}
-
-bool is_safe_to_open_file_name(const std::string &file_name)
-{
-    // Formats that cannot carry macros or scripts. Legacy and OpenDocument office files, HTML and SVG are left out on purpose.
-    static const std::vector<std::string> safe_extensions = {
-        "jpg", "jpeg", "jfif", "pjpeg", "pjp", "png", "gif", "bmp", "webp", "tif", "tiff",
-        "pdf", "txt", "md", "csv", "docx", "xlsx", "pptx",
-        "stl", "obj", "3mf", "amf", "ply", "step", "stp", "iges", "igs", "dxf",
-        "mp4", "mov", "webm"};
-    // The name must end in the extension itself: Windows drops trailing dots and spaces and reads ':' as a stream separator.
-    const size_t dot = file_name.find_last_of('.');
-    if (dot == std::string::npos || file_name.find_first_of("/\\:") != std::string::npos)
-        return false;
-    const std::string extension = boost::algorithm::to_lower_copy(file_name.substr(dot + 1));
-    return std::find(safe_extensions.begin(), safe_extensions.end(), extension) != safe_extensions.end();
-}
-
 bool is_img_file(const std::string &path)
 {
 	return boost::iends_with(path, ".png") || boost::iends_with(path, ".svg");
@@ -1019,9 +1019,14 @@ if (UNIX AND NOT APPLE)
    find_package(GTK${SLIC3R_GTK} REQUIRED)
    pkg_check_modules(LIBSECRET REQUIRED libsecret-1)
    pkg_check_modules(webkit2gtk REQUIRED webkit2gtk-4.1)
-    find_package(X11 REQUIRED)
+    if (FLATPAK)
+        # I don't know why this is needed, but for whatever reason slic3r isn't
+        # linking to X11 and webkit2gtk. force it.
+        find_package(X11 REQUIRED)
+        target_link_libraries(libslic3r_gui ${X11_LIBRARIES} ${webkit2gtk_LIBRARIES})
+    endif()
    target_include_directories(libslic3r_gui SYSTEM PRIVATE ${GTK${SLIC3R_GTK}_INCLUDE_DIRS} ${LIBSECRET_INCLUDE_DIRS} ${webkit2gtk_INCLUDE_DIRS})
-    target_link_libraries(libslic3r_gui ${GTK${SLIC3R_GTK}_LIBRARIES} fontconfig ${LIBSECRET_LIBRARIES} ${webkit2gtk_LIBRARIES} ${X11_LIBRARIES})
+    target_link_libraries(libslic3r_gui ${GTK${SLIC3R_GTK}_LIBRARIES} fontconfig ${LIBSECRET_LIBRARIES})

    # Propagate GDK backend detection results as compile definitions so that
    # LinuxDisplayBackend.cpp can include the right GDK headers.
@@ -428,7 +428,7 @@ void AuFile::on_dclick(wxMouseEvent &evt)
    if (m_type == AddFileButton)
        return;
    else
-        desktop_open_project_attachment(this, m_file_path);
+        wxLaunchDefaultApplication(m_file_path.wstring(), 0);
 }

 void AuFile::on_mouse_left_up(wxMouseEvent &evt)
@@ -171,16 +171,14 @@ void ConfigManipulation::check_adaptive_pressure_advance_model(DynamicPrintConfi
        return;

    const auto* model = config->option<ConfigOptionStrings>("adaptive_pressure_advance_model");
-    if (model == nullptr)
+    if (model == nullptr || model->values.empty())
        return;

-    // Each extruder variant holds its own model.
-    std::string error;
-    for (const std::string& variant_model : model->values) {
-        error = AdaptivePAProcessor::validate_adaptive_pa_model(variant_model);
-        if (!error.empty())
-            break;
-    }
+    std::string raw_model;
+    for (const std::string& chunk : model->values)
+        raw_model += chunk;
+
+    std::string error = AdaptivePAProcessor::validate_adaptive_pa_model(raw_model);
    if (!error.empty()) {
        wxString msg_text = _L("Adaptive Pressure Advance model validation failed:\n");
        msg_text += from_u8(error);
@@ -14,9 +14,6 @@
 #include <boost/algorithm/string/predicate.hpp>
 #include <boost/any.hpp>

-#include <wx/filename.h>
-#include <wx/filesys.h>
-
 #if __APPLE__
 #import <IOKit/pwr_mgt/IOPMLib.h>
 #elif _WIN32
@@ -30,13 +27,11 @@

 #include "AboutDialog.hpp"
 #include "MsgDialog.hpp"
-#include "Plater.hpp"
 #include "format.hpp"

 #include "WebUserLoginDialog.hpp"

 #include "libslic3r/Print.hpp"
-#include "libslic3r/Utils.hpp"

 namespace Slic3r {

@@ -536,11 +531,6 @@ boost::filesystem::path into_path(const wxString &str)
 	return boost::filesystem::path(str.wx_str());
 }

-wxString file_url_from_path(const boost::filesystem::path &path)
-{
-	return wxFileSystem::FileNameToURL(wxFileName(from_path(path)));
-}
-
 void about()
 {
    AboutDialog dlg;
@@ -645,26 +635,4 @@ void desktop_open_any_folder( const std::string& path )
 }


-bool desktop_open_project_attachment(wxWindow *parent, const boost::filesystem::path &path)
-{
-    // The auxiliary path is UTF-8, which is what boost::filesystem reads a narrow string as.
-    const boost::filesystem::path aux_root(wxGetApp().plater()->model().get_auxiliary_file_temp_path());
-    boost::system::error_code ec;
-    if (!is_absolute_path_within_root(path, aux_root) || !boost::filesystem::is_regular_file(path, ec))
-        return false;
-
-    // Attachments come with the project and carry no download mark, so the desktop would open them without a warning.
-    if (!is_safe_to_open_file_name(path.filename().string())) {
-        MessageDialog dlg(parent,
-                          wxString::Format(_L("\"%s\" is not a plain document, image or model file. Opening it may run it as a "
-                                              "program or script on this computer.\n\n"
-                                              "Only open attachments from projects you trust. Open it anyway?"),
-                                           from_path(path.filename())),
-                          _L("Open attachment"), wxICON_WARNING | wxYES_NO);
-        if (dlg.ShowModal() != wxID_YES)
-            return false;
-    }
-    return wxLaunchDefaultApplication(from_path(path), 0);
-}
-
 } }
@@ -76,9 +76,6 @@ std::string	into_u8(const wxString &str);
 wxString	from_path(const boost::filesystem::path &path);
 // boost path from wxString
 boost::filesystem::path	into_path(const wxString &str);
-// file:// URL of a local path, percent-encoded so characters such as '#', '%' and '?' stay part of the path.
-// Append any query or fragment to the result.
-wxString	file_url_from_path(const boost::filesystem::path &path);

 // Display an About dialog
 extern void about();
@@ -86,9 +83,6 @@ extern void about();
 extern void desktop_open_datadir_folder();
 // Ask the destop to open one folder
 extern void desktop_open_any_folder(const std::string& path);
-// Ask the desktop to open a file from the project's auxiliary directory, after a confirmation
-// unless its type is known to be plain content. Returns false if the file was not opened.
-extern bool desktop_open_project_attachment(wxWindow *parent, const boost::filesystem::path &path);
 } // namespace GUI
 } // namespace Slic3r

@@ -85,6 +85,7 @@
 #include "libslic3r/Model.hpp"
 #include "libslic3r/I18N.hpp"
 #include "libslic3r/PresetBundle.hpp"
+#include "libslic3r/InstanceLock.hpp"
 #include "libslic3r/Thread.hpp"
 #include "libslic3r/miniz_extension.hpp"
 #include "libslic3r/Utils.hpp"
@@ -1512,33 +1513,11 @@ int GUI_App::install_plugin(std::string name, std::string package_name, InstallP
                    size_t n = mz_zip_reader_get_extra(&archive, stat.m_file_index, extra.data(), extra.size());
                    dest_file = decode(extra.substr(0, n), stat.m_filename);
                }
-                if (!is_path_within_root(dest_file, plugin_folder)) {
-                    BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(error) << "[install_plugin] entry " << dest_file << " resolves outside " << plugin_folder.string();
-                    close_zip_reader(&archive);
-                    if (pro_fn) { pro_fn(InstallStatusUnzipFailed, 0, cancel); }
-                    return InstallStatusUnzipFailed;
-                }
                auto dest_path = plugin_folder / dest_file;
+                boost::filesystem::create_directories(dest_path.parent_path());
                std::string dest_zip_file = encode_path(dest_path.string().c_str());
-#ifndef WIN32
-                // Validate a symlink's target before anything at the destination is replaced.
-                const bool is_link = S_ISLNK(stat.m_external_attr >> 16);
-                std::string link;
-                if (is_link) {
-                    link.assign(stat.m_uncomp_size, 0);
-                    if (!mz_zip_reader_extract_to_mem(&archive, stat.m_file_index, link.data(), stat.m_uncomp_size, 0) ||
-                        !is_symlink_target_within_root(dest_file, link, plugin_folder)) {
-                        BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(error) << "[install_plugin] link " << dest_file << " -> " << link << " is unreadable or resolves outside " << plugin_folder.string();
-                        close_zip_reader(&archive);
-                        if (pro_fn) { pro_fn(InstallStatusUnzipFailed, 0, cancel); }
-                        return InstallStatusUnzipFailed;
-                    }
-                }
-#endif
                try {
-                    boost::filesystem::create_directories(dest_path.parent_path());
-                    // symlink_status so that an existing symlink, dangling or not, is replaced rather than written through.
-                    if (fs::exists(fs::symlink_status(dest_path))) {
+                    if (fs::exists(dest_path)) {
                        boost::system::error_code ec;
                        fs::remove(dest_path, ec);
                        if (ec) {
@@ -1566,8 +1545,9 @@ int GUI_App::install_plugin(std::string name, std::string package_name, InstallP
                    }
                    mz_bool res = 0;
 #ifndef WIN32
-                    if (is_link) {
-                        res = 1;
+                    if (S_ISLNK(stat.m_external_attr >> 16)) {
+                        std::string link(stat.m_uncomp_size + 1, 0);
+                        res = mz_zip_reader_extract_to_mem(&archive, stat.m_file_index, link.data(), stat.m_uncomp_size, 0);
                        try {
                            boost::filesystem::create_symlink(link, dest_path);
                        } catch (const std::exception &e) {
@@ -3570,7 +3550,7 @@ bool GUI_App::on_init_inner()
            update_publish_status();
        }

-        if (m_post_initialized && app_config->dirty())
+        if (m_post_initialized && app_config->dirty() && app_config->save_due())
            app_config->save();

    });
@@ -7664,8 +7644,11 @@ void GUI_App::start_sync_user_preset(bool with_progress_dlg)

                            // Delete the bundle folder and bundle
                            fs::path bundle_folder = fs::path(bundle.path.c_str()).parent_path();
-                            boost::system::error_code ec;
-                            boost::filesystem::remove_all(bundle_folder, ec);
+                            {
+                                boost::system::error_code ec;
+                                InstanceLock instance_lock(user_presets_lock_path());
+                                boost::filesystem::remove_all(bundle_folder, ec);
+                            }

                            preset_bundle->bundles.WriteLock();
                            preset_bundle->bundles.m_bundles.erase(bundle.id);
@@ -8952,6 +8935,7 @@ void GUI_App::preset_deleted_from_cloud(std::string setting_id)

    // Delete the .info file after cloud deletion is confirmed
    if (!preset_file_path.empty() && fs::exists(fs::path(preset_file_path))) {
+        InstanceLock instance_lock(user_presets_lock_path());
        boost::nowide::remove(preset_file_path.c_str());
        BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(info) << "Deleted .info file after cloud confirmation: " << preset_file_path;
    }
@@ -9014,15 +8998,19 @@ void GUI_App::scan_orphaned_info_files()
            fs::path preset_file = info_file;
            preset_file.replace_extension(".json");

-            // If .json doesn't exist, .info is orphaned
-            if (!fs::exists(preset_file)) {
-                // Extract setting_id from .info file
-                std::string setting_id = extract_setting_id_from_info(info_file.string());
-                if (!setting_id.empty()) {
-                    // Add to need_delete_presets
-                    delete_preset_from_cloud(setting_id, info_file.string());
-                    BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(info) << "Found orphaned .info file on startup: " << info_file.string();
-                }
+            // If .json doesn't exist, .info is orphaned. Read under the lock, so a
+            // remove_files() in another instance is seen whole or not at all; the
+            // delete queue's own mutex is taken after the lock is released.
+            std::string setting_id;
+            {
+                InstanceLock instance_lock(user_presets_lock_path());
+                if (!fs::exists(preset_file))
+                    setting_id = extract_setting_id_from_info(info_file.string());
+            }
+            if (!setting_id.empty()) {
+                // Add to need_delete_presets
+                delete_preset_from_cloud(setting_id, info_file.string());
+                BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(info) << "Found orphaned .info file on startup: " << info_file.string();
            }
        }
        if (ec)
@@ -98,7 +98,10 @@ void MarkdownTip::LoadStyle()
        ph /= "tooltip/styled.html";
        _data_dir = false;
    }
-    _tipView->LoadURL(file_url_from_path(ph));
+    auto url = ph.string();
+    std::replace(url.begin(), url.end(), '\\', '/');
+    url = "file:///" + url;
+    _tipView->LoadURL(from_u8(url));
    _lastTip.clear();
 }

@@ -286,30 +286,6 @@ static void set_config_values(DynamicPrintConfig *config, const std::string &key
    }
 }

-// Orca: a calibration print sets pressure advance explicitly to 0 on each extruder variant that
-// has it disabled, so the value stored in the printer does not skew the result. Variants with
-// pressure advance enabled keep their own value.
-static void zero_pressure_advance_where_disabled(DynamicPrintConfig *filament_config)
-{
-    auto enable_pa   = filament_config->option<ConfigOptionBools>("enable_pressure_advance");
-    auto pa          = filament_config->option<ConfigOptionFloats>("pressure_advance");
-    auto adaptive_pa = filament_config->option<ConfigOptionBools>("adaptive_pressure_advance");
-    if (!enable_pa || !pa || !adaptive_pa || pa->empty() || adaptive_pa->empty())
-        return;
-    // All variant keys share the variant count; widen a short one rather than index past it.
-    if (pa->size() < enable_pa->size())
-        pa->resize(enable_pa->size());
-    if (adaptive_pa->size() < enable_pa->size())
-        adaptive_pa->resize(enable_pa->size());
-    for (size_t variant = 0; variant < enable_pa->size(); ++variant) {
-        if (enable_pa->get_at(variant))
-            continue;
-        enable_pa->values[variant]   = true;
-        pa->values[variant]          = 0.0;
-        adaptive_pa->values[variant] = false;
-    }
-}
-
 bool Plater::has_illegal_filename_characters(const wxString& wxs_name)
 {
    std::string name = into_u8(wxs_name);
@@ -3696,7 +3672,7 @@ void Sidebar::update_all_preset_comboboxes()
        wxString url = from_u8(PrintHost::get_print_host_webui(&cfg));
        wxString apikey;
        if(url.empty())
-            url = file_url_from_path(boost::filesystem::path(resources_dir()) / "web/orca/missing_connection.html");
+            url = wxString::Format("file://%s/web/orca/missing_connection.html", from_u8(resources_dir()));
        else {
            const auto host_type = cfg.option<ConfigOptionEnum<PrintHostType>>("host_type")->value;
            if (cfg.has("printhost_apikey") && (host_type != htSimplyPrint))
@@ -17088,7 +17064,11 @@ void Plater::calib_input_shaping_freq(const Calib_Params& params)
        set_config_values<double, ConfigOptionFloatsNullable>(print_config, "default_jerk", 0);
    }

-    zero_pressure_advance_where_disabled(filament_config);
+    if (!filament_config->option<ConfigOptionBools>("enable_pressure_advance")->get_at(0)) {
+        set_config_values<bool, ConfigOptionBools>(filament_config, "enable_pressure_advance", true);
+        set_config_values<double, ConfigOptionFloatsNullable>(filament_config, "pressure_advance", 0.0);
+        set_config_values<bool, ConfigOptionBools>(filament_config, "adaptive_pressure_advance", false);
+    }

    printer_config->set_key_value("resonance_avoidance", new ConfigOptionBool{false});
    printer_config->set_key_value("input_shaping_emit", new ConfigOptionBool{false});
@@ -17150,7 +17130,11 @@ void Plater::calib_input_shaping_damp(const Calib_Params& params)
        set_config_values<double, ConfigOptionFloatsNullable>(print_config, "default_jerk", 0);
    }

-    zero_pressure_advance_where_disabled(filament_config);
+    if (!filament_config->option<ConfigOptionBools>("enable_pressure_advance")->get_at(0)) {
+        set_config_values<bool, ConfigOptionBools>(filament_config, "enable_pressure_advance", true);
+        set_config_values<double, ConfigOptionFloatsNullable>(filament_config, "pressure_advance", 0.0);
+        set_config_values<bool, ConfigOptionBools>(filament_config, "adaptive_pressure_advance", false);
+    }

    printer_config->set_key_value("resonance_avoidance", new ConfigOptionBool{false});
    printer_config->set_key_value("input_shaping_emit", new ConfigOptionBool{false});
@@ -17212,7 +17196,11 @@ void Plater::Calib_Cornering(const Calib_Params& params)
        set_config_values<double, ConfigOptionFloatsNullable>(print_config, "default_jerk", 0);
    }

-    zero_pressure_advance_where_disabled(filament_config);
+    if (!filament_config->option<ConfigOptionBools>("enable_pressure_advance")->get_at(0)) {
+        set_config_values<bool, ConfigOptionBools>(filament_config, "enable_pressure_advance", true);
+        set_config_values<double, ConfigOptionFloatsNullable>(filament_config, "pressure_advance", 0.0);
+        set_config_values<bool, ConfigOptionBools>(filament_config, "adaptive_pressure_advance", false);
+    }

    printer_config->set_key_value("resonance_avoidance", new ConfigOptionBool{false});
    printer_config->set_key_value("input_shaping_emit", new ConfigOptionBool{true});
@@ -57,7 +57,9 @@ PrivacyUpdateDialog::PrivacyUpdateDialog(wxWindow* parent, wxWindowID id, const

    fs::path ph(resources_dir());
    ph /= "tooltip/privacyupdate.html";
-    m_host_url = into_u8(file_url_from_path(ph));
+    m_host_url = ph.string();
+    std::replace(m_host_url.begin(), m_host_url.end(), '\\', '/');
+    m_host_url = "file:///" + m_host_url;
    m_vebview_release_note->LoadURL(from_u8(m_host_url));
    m_sizer_right->Add(m_vebview_release_note, 0, wxEXPAND | wxRIGHT | wxLEFT, FromDIP(15));

@@ -45,10 +45,10 @@ const std::vector<std::string> license_list = {
 ProjectPanel::ProjectPanel(wxWindow *parent, wxWindowID id, const wxPoint &pos, const wxSize &size, long style) : wxPanel(parent, id, pos, size, style)
 {
    SetBackgroundColour(*wxWHITE);
-    m_project_home_url = file_url_from_path(boost::filesystem::path(resources_dir()) / "web/model/index.html");
+    m_project_home_url = wxString::Format("file://%s/web/model/index.html", from_u8(resources_dir()));
    wxString strlang = wxGetApp().current_language_code_safe();
    if (strlang != "")
-        m_project_home_url += "?lang=" + strlang;
+        m_project_home_url = wxString::Format("file://%s/web/model/index.html?lang=%s", from_u8(resources_dir()), strlang);

    wxBoxSizer* main_sizer = new wxBoxSizer(wxVERTICAL);

@@ -293,8 +293,10 @@ void ProjectPanel::OnScriptMessage(wxWebViewEvent& evt)
            if (!accessory_path.empty()) {
                std::string decode_path = wxGetApp().url_decode(accessory_path.ToStdString());
                fs::path path(decode_path);
-                if (!desktop_open_project_attachment(this, path))
-                    BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(warning) << "open_3mf_accessory: not opening " << decode_path;
+
+                if (fs::exists(path)) {
+                    wxLaunchDefaultApplication(path.wstring(), 0);
+                }
            }
        }
        else if (strCmd == "request_3mf_info") {
@@ -510,7 +510,7 @@ void UpdateVersionDialog::update_version_info(wxString release_note, wxString ve
        out_buf->append(text, size);
    }, (void*) &html_source, MD_DIALECT_GITHUB | MD_FLAG_STRIKETHROUGH | MD_FLAG_WIKILINKS, 0);
    html_source.append("</body></html>");
-    m_vebview_release_note->LoadURL(file_url_from_path(boost::filesystem::path(resources_dir()) / "web/guide/0/index.html"));
+    m_vebview_release_note->LoadURL("file://" + (boost::filesystem::path (resources_dir()) / "web/guide/0/index.html").string());

    SetMinSize(GetSize());
    SetMaxSize(GetSize());
@@ -4415,15 +4415,15 @@ void TabFilament::build()
        optgroup->append_single_option_line("pellet_flow_coefficient", "printer_basic_information_advanced#pellet-modded-printer");
        optgroup->append_single_option_line("filament_flow_ratio", "material_flow_ratio_and_pressure_advance#flow-ratio", 0);

-        optgroup->append_single_option_line("enable_pressure_advance", "material_flow_ratio_and_pressure_advance#pressure-advance", 0);
-        optgroup->append_single_option_line("pressure_advance", "material_flow_ratio_and_pressure_advance#pressure-advance", 0);
+        optgroup->append_single_option_line("enable_pressure_advance", "material_flow_ratio_and_pressure_advance#pressure-advance");
+        optgroup->append_single_option_line("pressure_advance", "material_flow_ratio_and_pressure_advance#pressure-advance");

        // Orca: adaptive pressure advance and calibration model
-        optgroup->append_single_option_line("adaptive_pressure_advance", "material_flow_ratio_and_pressure_advance#enable-adaptive-pressure-advance-beta", 0);
-        optgroup->append_single_option_line("adaptive_pressure_advance_overhangs", "material_flow_ratio_and_pressure_advance#enable-adaptive-pressure-advance-for-overhangs-beta", 0);
-        optgroup->append_single_option_line("adaptive_pressure_advance_bridges", "material_flow_ratio_and_pressure_advance#pressure-advance-for-bridges", 0);
+        optgroup->append_single_option_line("adaptive_pressure_advance", "material_flow_ratio_and_pressure_advance#enable-adaptive-pressure-advance-beta");
+        optgroup->append_single_option_line("adaptive_pressure_advance_overhangs", "material_flow_ratio_and_pressure_advance#enable-adaptive-pressure-advance-for-overhangs-beta");
+        optgroup->append_single_option_line("adaptive_pressure_advance_bridges", "material_flow_ratio_and_pressure_advance#pressure-advance-for-bridges");

-        Option option = optgroup->get_option("adaptive_pressure_advance_model", 0);
+        Option option = optgroup->get_option("adaptive_pressure_advance_model");
        option.opt.full_width = true;
        option.opt.is_code = true;
        option.opt.height = 15;
@@ -4432,7 +4432,7 @@ void TabFilament::build()
            DynamicPrintConfig& filament_config = m_preset_bundle->filaments.get_edited_preset().config;

            update_dirty();
-            if (opt_key.substr(0, opt_key.find('#')) == "adaptive_pressure_advance_model")
+            if (opt_key == "adaptive_pressure_advance_model")
                m_config_manipulation.check_adaptive_pressure_advance_model(&filament_config);

            on_value_change(opt_key, value);
@@ -4829,11 +4829,8 @@ void TabFilament::toggle_options()
    }
    if (m_active_page->title() == L("Filament"))
    {
-        const int selection = m_variant_combo ? m_variant_combo->GetSelection() : 0;
-        const unsigned int variant_idx = (unsigned int) std::max(selection, 0);
-
-        bool pa = m_config->opt_bool("enable_pressure_advance", variant_idx);
-        toggle_option("pressure_advance", pa, 0);
+        bool pa = m_config->opt_bool("enable_pressure_advance", 0);
+        toggle_option("pressure_advance", pa);

        //Orca: Enable the plates that should be visible when multi bed support is enabled or a BBL printer is selected; otherwise, enable only the plate visible for the selected bed type.
        DynamicConfig& proj_cfg               = m_preset_bundle->project_config;
@@ -4861,12 +4858,12 @@ void TabFilament::toggle_options()
        // Orca: adaptive pressure advance and calibration model
        // If PA is not enabled, disable adaptive pressure advance and hide the model section
        // If adaptive PA is not enabled, hide the adaptive PA model section
-        toggle_option("adaptive_pressure_advance", pa, 0);
-        toggle_option("adaptive_pressure_advance_overhangs", pa, 0);
-        bool has_adaptive_pa = m_config->opt_bool("adaptive_pressure_advance", variant_idx);
-        toggle_line("adaptive_pressure_advance_overhangs", has_adaptive_pa && pa, 0);
-        toggle_line("adaptive_pressure_advance_model", has_adaptive_pa && pa, 0);
-        toggle_line("adaptive_pressure_advance_bridges", has_adaptive_pa && pa, 0);
+        toggle_option("adaptive_pressure_advance", pa);
+        toggle_option("adaptive_pressure_advance_overhangs", pa);
+        bool has_adaptive_pa = m_config->opt_bool("adaptive_pressure_advance", 0);
+        toggle_line("adaptive_pressure_advance_overhangs", has_adaptive_pa && pa);
+        toggle_line("adaptive_pressure_advance_model", has_adaptive_pa && pa);
+        toggle_line("adaptive_pressure_advance_bridges", has_adaptive_pa && pa);

        bool is_pellet_printer = printer_cfg.opt_bool("pellet_modded_printer");
        toggle_line("pellet_flow_coefficient", is_pellet_printer);
@@ -4874,6 +4871,8 @@ void TabFilament::toggle_options()

        toggle_line("activate_chamber_temp_control", printer_cfg.opt_bool("support_chamber_temp_control"));

+        const int selection = m_variant_combo ? m_variant_combo->GetSelection() : 0;
+        const unsigned int variant_idx = (unsigned int) std::max(selection, 0);
        std::string volumetric_speed_cos = m_config->opt_string("volumetric_speed_coefficients", variant_idx);
        bool enable_fit = volumetric_speed_cos != "0 0 0 0 0 0";
        toggle_option("filament_adaptive_volumetric_speed", enable_fit, 256 + variant_idx);
@@ -5206,6 +5205,7 @@ void TabPrinter::build_fff()
        optgroup->append_single_option_line("adaptive_bed_mesh_margin", "printer_basic_information_adaptive_bed_mesh#mesh-margin");

        optgroup = page->new_optgroup(L("Accessory"), "param_accessory");
+        optgroup->append_single_option_line("nozzle_type", "printer_basic_information_accessory#nozzle-type", 0);
        optgroup->append_single_option_line("nozzle_hrc", "printer_basic_information_accessory#nozzle-hrc");
        optgroup->append_single_option_line("auxiliary_fan", "printer_basic_information_accessory#auxiliary-part-cooling-fan");
        optgroup->append_single_option_line("fan_direction");
@@ -5720,7 +5720,6 @@ if (is_marlin_flavor)

        auto optgroup = page->new_optgroup(L("Basic information"), L"param_information", -1, true);
            optgroup->append_single_option_line("nozzle_diameter", "printer_extruder_basic_information#nozzle-diameter", extruder_idx);
-            optgroup->append_single_option_line("nozzle_type", "printer_basic_information_accessory#nozzle-type", extruder_idx);
            //optgroup->append_single_option_line("nozzle_volume_type", "", extruder_idx);

            optgroup->append_single_option_line("nozzle_volume", "printer_extruder_basic_information#nozzle-volume", extruder_idx);
@@ -5732,7 +5731,7 @@ if (is_marlin_flavor)
            optgroup->m_on_change = [this, extruder_idx](const t_config_option_key& opt_key, boost::any value)
            {
                bool is_SEMM = m_config->opt_bool("single_extruder_multi_material");
-                if (is_SEMM && m_extruders_count > 1 && boost::starts_with(opt_key, "nozzle_diameter"))
+                if (is_SEMM && m_extruders_count > 1 && opt_key.find_first_of("nozzle_diameter") != std::string::npos)
                {
                    SuppressBackgroundProcessingUpdate sbpu;
                    const double new_nd = boost::any_cast<double>(value);
@@ -31,15 +31,14 @@ int UserManager::parse_json(std::string payload)
 {
    bool restored_json = false;
    json j;
+    json j_pre = json::parse(payload);
+    if (j_pre.empty()) {
+        return -1;
+    }

    //bind/unbind

    try {
-        json j_pre = json::parse(payload);
-        if (j_pre.empty()) {
-            return -1;
-        }
-
        if (j_pre.contains("bind")) {
            if (j_pre["bind"].contains("command")) {

@@ -38,7 +38,9 @@ DownPluginFrame::DownPluginFrame(GUI_App *pGUI) : wxDialog((wxWindow *) (pGUI->m

    // set the frame icon
    wxBoxSizer *topsizer = new wxBoxSizer(wxVERTICAL);
-    wxString TargetUrl    = file_url_from_path(boost::filesystem::path(resources_dir()) / "web/guide/6/index.html");
+    wxString TargetUrl    = from_u8((boost::filesystem::path(resources_dir()) / "web/guide/6/index.html").make_preferred().string());
+
+    TargetUrl = "file://" + TargetUrl;

    // Create the webview
    m_browser = WebView::CreateWebView(this, TargetUrl);
@@ -218,38 +218,37 @@ wxString GuideFrame::SetStartPage(GuidePage startpage, bool load)
    m_page = startpage;
    BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(info) << __FUNCTION__<< boost::format(" enter, load=%1%, start_page=%2%")%load%int(startpage);
    //wxLogMessage("GUIDE: webpage_1  %s", (boost::filesystem::path(resources_dir()) / "web\\guide\\1\\index.html").make_preferred().string().c_str() );
-    const wxString guide_url = file_url_from_path(boost::filesystem::path(resources_dir()) / "web/guide/0/index.html");
-    wxString TargetUrl = guide_url + "?target=1";
+    wxString TargetUrl = from_u8( (boost::filesystem::path(resources_dir()) / "web/guide/0/index.html?target=1").make_preferred().string() );
    //wxLogMessage("GUIDE: webpage_2  %s", TargetUrl.mb_str());

    if (startpage == BBL_WELCOME){
        SetTitle(_L("Setup Wizard"));
-        TargetUrl = guide_url + "?target=1";
+        TargetUrl = from_u8((boost::filesystem::path(resources_dir()) / "web/guide/0/index.html?target=1").make_preferred().string());
    } else if (startpage == BBL_REGION) {
        SetTitle(_L("Setup Wizard"));
-        TargetUrl = guide_url + "?target=11";
+        TargetUrl = from_u8((boost::filesystem::path(resources_dir()) / "web/guide/0/index.html?target=11").make_preferred().string());
    } else if (startpage == BBL_MODELS) {
        SetTitle(_L("Setup Wizard"));
-        TargetUrl = guide_url + "?target=21";
+        TargetUrl = from_u8((boost::filesystem::path(resources_dir()) / "web/guide/0/index.html?target=21").make_preferred().string());
    } else if (startpage == BBL_FILAMENTS) {
        SetTitle(_L("Setup Wizard"));

        int nSize = m_ProfileJson["model"].size();

        if (nSize>0)
-            TargetUrl = guide_url + "?target=22";
+            TargetUrl = from_u8((boost::filesystem::path(resources_dir()) / "web/guide/0/index.html?target=22").make_preferred().string());
        else
-            TargetUrl = guide_url + "?target=21";
+            TargetUrl = from_u8((boost::filesystem::path(resources_dir()) / "web/guide/0/index.html?target=21").make_preferred().string());
    } else if (startpage == BBL_FILAMENT_ONLY) {
        SetTitle("");
-        TargetUrl = guide_url + "?target=23";
+        TargetUrl = from_u8((boost::filesystem::path(resources_dir()) / "web/guide/0/index.html?target=23").make_preferred().string());
    } else if (startpage == BBL_MODELS_ONLY) {
        SetTitle("");
-        TargetUrl = guide_url + "?target=24";
+        TargetUrl = from_u8((boost::filesystem::path(resources_dir()) / "web/guide/0/index.html?target=24").make_preferred().string());
    }
    else {
        SetTitle(_L("Setup Wizard"));
-        TargetUrl = guide_url + "?target=21";
+        TargetUrl = from_u8((boost::filesystem::path(resources_dir()) / "web/guide/0/index.html?target=21").make_preferred().string());
    }

    wxString strlang = wxGetApp().current_language_code_safe();
@@ -257,6 +256,7 @@ wxString GuideFrame::SetStartPage(GuidePage startpage, bool load)
    if (strlang != "")
        TargetUrl = wxString::Format("%s&lang=%s", w2s(TargetUrl), strlang);

+    TargetUrl = "file://" + TargetUrl;
    if (load)
        load_url(TargetUrl);

@@ -1284,7 +1284,7 @@ bool GuideFrame::BuildProfileJson(const PresetBundle& bundle, bool require_all_r
                entry["vendor"]          = vp.id;
                entry["nozzle_diameter"] = nozzle_str;
                entry["materials"]       = materials_str;
-                entry["cover"]           = into_u8(file_url_from_path(cover_path));
+                entry["cover"]           = cover_path.string();
                entry["nozzle_selected"] = "";
                entry["sub_path"]        = "";
                m_ProfileJson["model"].push_back(entry);
@@ -1405,23 +1405,26 @@ bool GuideFrame::BuildProfileDataFromVendors()
        // is served from the shipped profiles. Each is stamped by name and
        // version alone: a profile change requires a version bump, so those two
        // determine content wherever the vendor's copy sits.
-        struct VendorSource { std::string name; boost::filesystem::path dir; std::string version; };
-        std::vector<VendorSource> ordered;
-        auto add_vendor = [&ordered](const std::string& name, const boost::filesystem::path& dir) {
+        std::vector<PresetBundle::VendorSource> ordered;
+        json stamps = json::array();
+        auto add_vendor = [&ordered, &stamps](const std::string& name, const boost::filesystem::path& dir) {
            // The version a load from `dir` would serve: the profile's where one
            // exists (a cache is only served while it covers the profile beside
            // it), the cache's own stamp where the cache is the whole vendor.
            // A profile without a version (blacklist.json) carries no presets
            // and is passed over.
            const boost::filesystem::path profile = dir / (name + ".json");
+            std::string version;
            if (boost::filesystem::exists(profile)) {
                const Semver v = get_version_from_json(profile.string());
-                if (v.valid())
-                    ordered.push_back({name, dir, v.to_string()});
+                if (! v.valid())
+                    return;
+                version = v.to_string();
            } else {
-                ordered.push_back({name, dir,
-                    VendorCacheFile::peek_version((dir / (name + ".opc")).string(), name)});
+                version = VendorCacheFile::peek_version((dir / (name + ".opc")).string(), name);
            }
+            ordered.push_back({name, dir});
+            stamps.push_back({name, version});
        };
        const std::string filament_library(PresetBundle::ORCA_FILAMENT_LIBRARY);
        if (auto it = vendor_sources.find(filament_library); it != vendor_sources.end())
@@ -1431,9 +1434,6 @@ bool GuideFrame::BuildProfileDataFromVendors()
                add_vendor(name, dir);
        if (ordered.empty())
            return false;
-        json stamps = json::array();
-        for (const VendorSource& v : ordered)
-            stamps.push_back({v.name, v.version});

        // What this function derives is a pure function of that stamped set, so
        // the derived JSON is cached whole: a fresh cache makes an open one
@@ -1461,34 +1461,24 @@ bool GuideFrame::BuildProfileDataFromVendors()
        }

        // Each vendor comes from its preset cache where one covers it, which is
-        // what makes this worth doing instead of the scan below; loading into a
-        // bundle per vendor keeps the install order the startup path has.
-        PresetBundle bundle;
-        auto load_vendor = [](PresetBundle& into, const std::string& vendor,
-                              const boost::filesystem::path& dir, const PresetBundle* base) {
-            into.load_vendor_configs_from_json(dir.string(), vendor, PresetBundle::LoadSystem,
-                                               ForwardCompatibilitySubstitutionRule::EnableSilent, base);
-        };
-        for (const VendorSource& v : ordered) {
-            if (*m_cancel_token)
-                return false;   // as in the scan below: a vendor without a cache is parsed, and that takes time
-            if (v.name == filament_library) {
-                load_vendor(bundle, v.name, v.dir, nullptr);
-            } else {
-                PresetBundle tmp;
-                load_vendor(tmp, v.name, v.dir, &bundle);
-                bundle.merge_presets(std::move(tmp));
-            }
-        }
-        if (bundle.vendors.empty())
+        // what makes this worth doing instead of the scan below.
+        PresetBundle             bundle;
+        std::vector<std::string> failed;
+        const std::string errors = bundle.load_vendors(ordered, ForwardCompatibilitySubstitutionRule::EnableSilent,
+                                                       /*allow_cache=*/true, m_cancel_token.get(), &failed).second;
+        if (*m_cancel_token || bundle.vendors.empty())
+            return false;
+        if (! errors.empty())
+            BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(warning) << "GuideFrame: loading the vendors reported: " << errors;
+        // A vendor that failed to load sends this open to the scan below, which lists
+        // what it can read of every vendor.
+        if (! failed.empty())
            return false;
        if (! BuildProfileJson(bundle, /*require_all_resource_vendors=*/false))
            return false;

        // Written through a temp file and moved into place, as the preset caches
-        // are: half a cache must never be readable, and the PID suffix keeps two
-        // instances from interleaving on one temp file.
-        const std::string tmp_path = cache_file.string() + "." + std::to_string(get_current_pid()) + ".tmp";
+        // are: half a cache must never be readable.
        try {
            json out;
            out["format"]  = 1;
@@ -1497,18 +1487,9 @@ bool GuideFrame::BuildProfileDataFromVendors()
            for (const char* key : { "model", "machine", "filament", "process" })
                profile[key] = m_ProfileJson[key];
            boost::filesystem::create_directories(cache_file.parent_path());
-            {
-                boost::nowide::ofstream ofs(tmp_path, std::ios::binary | std::ios::trunc);
-                ofs << out.dump(-1, ' ', false, json::error_handler_t::ignore);
-                ofs.close();
-                if (! ofs.good())
-                    throw std::runtime_error("write failed");
-            }
-            if (const std::error_code ec = rename_file(tmp_path, cache_file.string()))
+            if (const std::error_code ec = write_file_atomically(cache_file.string(), out.dump(-1, ' ', false, json::error_handler_t::ignore), /*binary=*/true))
                throw std::runtime_error(ec.message());
        } catch (const std::exception& e) {
-            boost::system::error_code rm;
-            boost::filesystem::remove(tmp_path, rm);
            BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(warning) << "GuideFrame: could not write the profile data cache: " << e.what();
        }
        return true;
@@ -1732,7 +1713,7 @@ int GuideFrame::LoadProfileFamily(std::string strVendor, std::string strFilePath
                    cover_path = (boost::filesystem::absolute(boost::filesystem::path(resources_dir()) / "/web/image/printer/") / cover_file)
                                     .make_preferred();
            }
-            OneModel["cover"]                  = into_u8(file_url_from_path(cover_path));
+            OneModel["cover"]                  = cover_path.string();

            OneModel["nozzle_selected"] = "";

@@ -599,7 +599,7 @@ void ZUserLogin::OnScriptResponseMessage(wxCommandEvent &WXUNUSED(evt))

 bool  ZUserLogin::ShowErrorPage()
 {
-    wxString ErrortUrl = file_url_from_path(boost::filesystem::path(resources_dir()) / "web/login/error.html");
+    wxString ErrortUrl = from_u8((boost::filesystem::path(resources_dir()) / "web\\login\\error.html").make_preferred().string());
    load_url(ErrortUrl);

    return true;
@@ -36,10 +36,10 @@ namespace GUI {
 WebViewPanel::WebViewPanel(wxWindow *parent)
        : wxPanel(parent, wxID_ANY, wxDefaultPosition, wxDefaultSize)
 {
-    wxString url = file_url_from_path(boost::filesystem::path(resources_dir()) / "web/homepage/index.html");
+    wxString url = wxString::Format("file://%s/web/homepage/index.html", from_u8(resources_dir()));
    wxString strlang = wxGetApp().current_language_code_safe();
    if (strlang != "")
-        url += "?lang=" + strlang;
+        url = wxString::Format("file://%s/web/homepage/index.html?lang=%s", from_u8(resources_dir()), strlang);

    wxBoxSizer* topsizer = new wxBoxSizer(wxVERTICAL);
    
@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 #include "MultiNozzleSync.hpp"

-#include "../GUI.hpp"
 #include "../GUI_App.hpp"
 #include "../I18N.hpp"
 #include "../Plater.hpp"
@@ -22,6 +21,8 @@
 #include <set>

 #include <wx/choice.h>
+#include <wx/filename.h>
+#include <wx/filesys.h>
 #include <wx/sizer.h>
 #include <wx/stattext.h>

@@ -640,7 +641,8 @@ NozzleListTable::NozzleListTable(wxWindow* parent) : wxPanel(parent,wxID_ANY,wxD
    m_web_view->AddScriptMessageHandler("nozzleListTable");
    m_web_view->EnableContextMenu(false);
    fs::path filepath = fs::path(resources_dir()) / "web/flush/NozzleListTable.html";
-    wxString url = file_url_from_path(filepath);
+    wxFileName fn(wxString::FromUTF8(filepath.string()));
+    wxString url = wxFileSystem::FileNameToURL(fn);
    m_web_view->LoadURL(url);

    auto sizer = new wxBoxSizer(wxVERTICAL);
@@ -48,19 +48,20 @@ constexpr char ORCA_BRIDGE_JS[] = R"JS(

 wxString bootstrap_url()
 {
-    return file_url_from_path(boost::filesystem::path(resources_dir()) / BOOTSTRAP_PAGE);
+    return wxString("file://") + from_u8((boost::filesystem::path(resources_dir()) / BOOTSTRAP_PAGE).make_preferred().string());
 }

 wxString content_base_url()
 {
-    return file_url_from_path(boost::filesystem::path(resources_dir()) / "web") + "/";
+    const std::string dir = (boost::filesystem::path(resources_dir()) / "web").make_preferred().string();
+    return wxString("file://") + from_u8(dir) + "/";
 }

 bool is_content_url(const wxString& url)
 {
-    // The web view reports the URL it parsed, which may escape the resources path differently
-    // from content_base_url().
-    return wxURI::Unescape(url.BeforeFirst('#')) == wxURI::Unescape(content_base_url());
+    // The web view reports the URL it parsed, which escapes anything the resources path holds
+    // (a space, a non-ASCII character), while content_base_url() is the raw path.
+    return wxURI::Unescape(url.BeforeFirst('#')) == content_base_url();
 }

 const char* orca_bridge_script() { return ORCA_BRIDGE_JS; }
@@ -192,7 +192,7 @@ bool WebViewHostDialog::create_webview(const std::string& resource_path,

 wxString WebViewHostDialog::build_resource_url(const std::string& resource_path) const
 {
-    wxString target_url = file_url_from_path(boost::filesystem::path(resources_dir()) / resource_path);
+    wxString target_url = from_u8((boost::filesystem::path(resources_dir()) / resource_path).make_preferred().string());

    if (append_language_to_url()) {
        const wxString lang = wxGetApp().current_language_code_safe();
@@ -202,7 +202,7 @@ wxString WebViewHostDialog::build_resource_url(const std::string& resource_path)
        }
    }

-    return target_url;
+    return wxString("file://") + target_url;
 }

 void WebViewHostDialog::load_url(const wxString& url)
@@ -464,7 +464,7 @@ WipingDialog::WipingDialog(wxWindow* parent, const int max_flush_volume) :
    wxString filepath_str = from_path(filepath);
    wxFileName fn(filepath_str);
    if(fn.FileExists()) {
-        wxString url = file_url_from_path(filepath);
+        wxString url = wxFileSystem::FileNameToURL(fn);
        BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(debug) << __FUNCTION__<< "File exists and load url " << url.ToStdString();
        m_webview->LoadURL(url);
        BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(debug) << __FUNCTION__<< "Successfully loaded url: " << url.ToStdString();
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@

 #include <algorithm>
 #include <sstream>
+#include <system_error>
 #include <exception>
 #include <boost/format.hpp>
 #include <boost/log/trivial.hpp>
@@ -580,9 +581,10 @@ bool C3DPrinterOS::save_api_session(const std::string &session, const std::strin
    j.put("session", session);
    j.put("email", email);
    try {
-        auto temp_path = m_api_session_file_path + ".tmp";
-        pt::write_json(temp_path, j);
-        boost::filesystem::rename(temp_path, m_api_session_file_path);
+        std::ostringstream json;
+        pt::write_json(json, j);
+        if (const std::error_code ec = write_file_atomically(m_api_session_file_path, json.str()))
+            throw std::system_error(ec);
    } catch (const std::exception &err) {
        BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(error) << __FUNCTION__ << ": failed to write json to file. Path = "
                                 << m_api_session_file_path
@@ -274,4 +274,13 @@ bool Duet::start_print(wxString &msg, const std::string &filename, ConnectionTyp
 	return res;
 }

+int Duet::get_err_code_from_body(const std::string &body) const
+{
+	pt::ptree root;
+	std::istringstream iss (body); // wrap returned json to istringstream
+	pt::read_json(iss, root);
+
+	return root.get<int>("err", 0);
+}
+
 }
@@ -40,6 +40,7 @@ private:
 	ConnectionType connect(wxString &msg) const;
 	void disconnect(ConnectionType connectionType) const;
 	bool start_print(wxString &msg, const std::string &filename, ConnectionType connectionType, bool simulationMode) const;
+	int get_err_code_from_body(const std::string &body) const;
 };

 }
@@ -146,6 +146,15 @@ bool ESP3D::start_print(wxString& msg, const std::string& filename) const
    return ret;
 }

+int ESP3D::get_err_code_from_body(const std::string& body) const
+{
+    pt::ptree          root;
+    std::istringstream iss(body); // wrap returned json to istringstream
+    pt::read_json(iss, root);
+
+    return root.get<int>("err", 0);
+}
+
 // ESP3D only accepts 8.3 filenames else it crashes marlin and other undefined behaviour
 std::string ESP3D::get_short_name(const std::string& filename) const
 {
@@ -33,6 +33,7 @@ private:
    std::string m_console_port;

    bool        start_print(wxString& msg, const std::string& filename) const;
+    int         get_err_code_from_body(const std::string& body) const;
    std::string get_short_name(const std::string& filename) const;
    std::string format_command(const std::string& path, const std::string& arg, const std::string& val) const;
 };
@@ -340,7 +340,9 @@ namespace Slic3r {
        if (classify_printer_model(config->opt_string("printer_model")) != ElegooPrinterType::CC2)
            return fallback_webui;

-        std::string web_path = GUI::into_u8(GUI::file_url_from_path(boost::filesystem::path(resources_dir()) / "web/elegoolink/lan_service_web/index.html"));
+        std::string web_path = resources_dir() + "/web/elegoolink/lan_service_web/index.html";
+        std::replace(web_path.begin(), web_path.end(), '\\', '/');
+        web_path = "file://" + web_path;
        const std::string token   = get_cc2_token(config->opt_string("printhost_apikey"));
        const std::string host_ip = Http::get_host_header_value(host);

@@ -510,22 +510,12 @@ bool Flashforge::fetch_material_slots(std::vector<FlashforgeMaterialSlot>& slots
    if (!request_local_api_json("detail", json{{"serialNumber", m_serial_number}, {"checkCode", m_check_code}}.dump(), body, msg))
        return false;

-    if (!parse_material_slots(body, slots, supports_material_station)) {
+    const auto parsed = json::parse(body, nullptr, false, true);
+    if (parsed.is_discarded()) {
        msg = _(L("Flashforge returned an invalid JSON response."));
        return false;
    }

-    return true;
-}
-
-bool Flashforge::parse_material_slots(const std::string& body, std::vector<FlashforgeMaterialSlot>& slots, bool* supports_material_station)
-{
-    slots.clear();
-
-    const auto parsed = json::parse(body, nullptr, false, true);
-    if (parsed.is_discarded())
-        return false;
-
    const auto& detail = parsed.contains("detail") ? parsed["detail"] : parsed;
    const auto& station = detail.contains("matlStationInfo") ? detail["matlStationInfo"] :
                          detail.contains("MatlStationInfo") ? detail["MatlStationInfo"] : json();
@@ -552,21 +542,12 @@ bool Flashforge::parse_material_slots(const std::string& body, std::vector<Flash
    if (supports_material_station != nullptr)
        *supports_material_station = reports_material_station;

-    // Fields are read leniently: firmware may send numbers as strings or flags as numbers.
    for (const auto& slot : slot_infos) {
-        if (!slot.is_object())
-            continue;
        FlashforgeMaterialSlot info;
-        info.slot_id = static_cast<int>(slots.size()) + 1;
-        if (const auto it = slot.find("slotId"); it != slot.end())
-            try_parse_json_int(*it, info.slot_id);
-        int has_filament = 0;
-        if (const auto it = slot.find("hasFilament"); it != slot.end() && try_parse_json_int(*it, has_filament))
-            info.has_filament = has_filament != 0;
-        if (const auto it = slot.find("materialName"); it != slot.end() && it->is_string())
-            info.material_name = it->get<std::string>();
-        if (const auto it = slot.find("materialColor"); it != slot.end() && it->is_string())
-            info.material_color = it->get<std::string>();
+        info.slot_id        = slot.value("slotId", static_cast<int>(slots.size()) + 1);
+        info.has_filament   = slot.value("hasFilament", false);
+        info.material_name  = slot.value("materialName", std::string());
+        info.material_color = slot.value("materialColor", std::string());
        slots.emplace_back(std::move(info));
    }

@@ -689,4 +670,13 @@ std::string Flashforge::extract_host_name() const
    return out;
 }

+int Flashforge::get_err_code_from_body(const std::string& body) const
+{
+    pt::ptree          root;
+    std::istringstream iss(body); // wrap returned json to istringstream
+    pt::read_json(iss, root);
+
+    return root.get<int>("err", 0);
+}
+
 } // namespace Slic3r
@@ -45,8 +45,6 @@ public:
    PrintHostPostUploadActions get_post_upload_actions() const override { return PrintHostPostUploadAction::StartPrint; }
    std::string                get_host() const override { return m_host; }
    bool                       fetch_material_slots(std::vector<FlashforgeMaterialSlot>& slots, bool* supports_material_station, wxString& msg) const;
-    // Parses a local API "detail" reply. Returns false when the body is not valid JSON.
-    static bool                parse_material_slots(const std::string& body, std::vector<FlashforgeMaterialSlot>& slots, bool* supports_material_station);
    static bool                discover_printers(std::vector<FlashforgeDiscoveredPrinter>& printers, wxString& msg, int timeout_ms = 10000, int idle_timeout_ms = 1500, int max_retries = 3);

 private:
@@ -70,6 +68,7 @@ private:
    bool request_local_api_json(const std::string& path, const std::string& body, std::string& response_body, wxString& error_msg) const;
    std::string make_http_url(const std::string& path) const;
    std::string extract_host_name() const;
+    int  get_err_code_from_body(const std::string &body) const;
    bool connect(wxString& msg) const;
    bool start_print(wxString& msg, const std::string& filename) const;
 };
@@ -141,4 +141,13 @@ bool MKS::start_print(wxString& msg, const std::string& filename) const
 	return ret;
 }

+int MKS::get_err_code_from_body(const std::string& body) const
+{
+	pt::ptree root;
+	std::istringstream iss(body); // wrap returned json to istringstream
+	pt::read_json(iss, root);
+
+	return root.get<int>("err", 0);
+}
+
 } // Slic3r
@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@ private:

 	std::string get_upload_url(const std::string& filename) const;
 	bool start_print(wxString& msg, const std::string& filename) const;
+	int get_err_code_from_body(const std::string& body) const;
 };

 }
@@ -1475,15 +1475,8 @@ void OrcaCloudServiceAgent::save_sync_state()
    if (sync_state_path.empty())
        return;

-    try {
-        std::string tmp_path = sync_state_path + ".tmp";
-        std::ofstream ofs(tmp_path, std::ios::out | std::ios::trunc);
-        if (ofs.good()) {
-            ofs << std::to_string(sync_state.last_sync_timestamp);
-            ofs.close();
-            boost::filesystem::rename(tmp_path, sync_state_path);
-        }
-    } catch (...) {}
+    if (const std::error_code ec = write_file_atomically(sync_state_path, std::to_string(sync_state.last_sync_timestamp)))
+        BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(warning) << "OrcaCloudServiceAgent: failed to save the sync state: " << ec.message();
 }

 void OrcaCloudServiceAgent::clear_sync_state()
@@ -1572,22 +1565,10 @@ void OrcaCloudServiceAgent::persist_user_secret(const std::string& secret)
            wxFileName::Mkdir(path.GetPath(), wxS_DIR_DEFAULT, wxPATH_MKDIR_FULL);
        }

-        const std::string tmp_path = secret_fallback_path + ".tmp";
-        std::ofstream ofs(tmp_path, std::ios::out | std::ios::trunc | std::ios::binary);
-        if (ofs.good()) {
-            ofs << signed_payload;
-            ofs.flush();
-            ofs.close();
-
-            if (wxRenameFile(wxString::FromUTF8(tmp_path.c_str()), wxString::FromUTF8(secret_fallback_path.c_str()), true)) {
-                stored = true;
-            } else {
-                wxRemoveFile(wxString::FromUTF8(tmp_path.c_str()));
-                BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(warning) << "OrcaCloudServiceAgent: failed to atomically replace user secret file";
-            }
-        } else {
-            BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(warning) << "OrcaCloudServiceAgent: cannot open user secret file for write - " << secret_fallback_path;
-        }
+        if (const std::error_code ec = write_file_atomically(secret_fallback_path, signed_payload, /*binary=*/true))
+            BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(warning) << "OrcaCloudServiceAgent: cannot write user secret file " << secret_fallback_path << ": " << ec.message();
+        else
+            stored = true;
    } else {
        // Use wxSecretStore only
        wxSecretStore store = wxSecretStore::GetDefault();
@@ -339,8 +339,62 @@ bool PresetUpdater::priv::get_file(const std::string &url, const fs::path &targe
 //BBS: refine preset update logic
 bool PresetUpdater::priv::extract_file(const fs::path &source_path, const fs::path &dest_path)
 {
-    const std::string parent_path = (!dest_path.empty() ? dest_path : source_path.parent_path()).string();
-    return extract_archive_confined(source_path.string(), parent_path);
+    bool res = true;
+    std::string file_path = source_path.string();
+    std::string parent_path = (!dest_path.empty() ? dest_path : source_path.parent_path()).string();
+    mz_zip_archive archive;
+    mz_zip_zero_struct(&archive);
+
+    if (!open_zip_reader(&archive, file_path))
+    {
+        BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(error) << "Unable to open zip reader for "<<file_path;
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    mz_uint num_entries = mz_zip_reader_get_num_files(&archive);
+
+    mz_zip_archive_file_stat stat;
+    // we first loop the entries to read from the archive the .amf file only, in order to extract the version from it
+    for (mz_uint i = 0; i < num_entries; ++i)
+    {
+        if (mz_zip_reader_file_stat(&archive, i, &stat))
+        {
+            std::string dest_file = parent_path+"/"+stat.m_filename;
+            if (stat.m_is_directory) {
+                fs::path dest_path(dest_file);
+                if (!fs::exists(dest_path))
+                    fs::create_directories(dest_path);
+				continue;
+            }
+            else if (stat.m_uncomp_size == 0) {
+                BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(warning) << "[Orca Updater]Unzip: invalid size for file "<<stat.m_filename;
+                continue;
+            }
+            try
+            {
+                res = mz_zip_reader_extract_to_file(&archive, stat.m_file_index, dest_file.c_str(), 0);
+                if (!res) {
+                    BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(error) << "[Orca Updater]extract file "<<stat.m_filename<<" to dest "<<dest_file<<" failed";
+                    close_zip_reader(&archive);
+                    return res;
+                }
+                BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(info) << "[Orca Updater]successfully extract file " << stat.m_file_index << " to "<<dest_file;
+            }
+            catch (const std::exception& e)
+            {
+                // ensure the zip archive is closed and rethrow the exception
+                close_zip_reader(&archive);
+                BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(error) << "[Orca Updater]Archive read exception:"<<e.what();
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+        else {
+            BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(warning) << "[Orca Updater]Unzip: read file stat failed";
+        }
+    }
+    close_zip_reader(&archive);
+
+	return true;
 }

 // Remove a leftover partial archive for the vendor about to be synchronized.
@@ -3,13 +3,10 @@
 #include <vector>
 #include <thread>
 #include <exception>
-#include <sstream>
 #include <boost/optional.hpp>
 #include <boost/log/trivial.hpp>
 #include <boost/filesystem.hpp>
 #include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
-#include <boost/property_tree/ptree.hpp>
-#include <boost/property_tree/json_parser.hpp>

 #include <wx/string.h>
 #include <wx/app.h>
@@ -175,20 +172,6 @@ std::string moonraker_error_reason(const std::string &body)

 } // namespace

-int PrintHost::get_err_code_from_body(const std::string &body)
-{
-    boost::property_tree::ptree root;
-    std::istringstream iss(body);
-    try {
-        boost::property_tree::read_json(iss, root);
-    } catch (const std::exception &ex) {
-        BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(error) << "PrintHost: response is not valid JSON: " << ex.what();
-        return -1;
-    }
-
-    return root.get<int>("err", 0);
-}
-
 wxString PrintHost::format_error(const std::string &body, const std::string &error, unsigned status) const
 {
    if (status != 0) {
@@ -432,10 +415,12 @@ void PrintHostJobQueue::priv::remove_source()
    source_to_remove.clear();
 }

-bool PrintHostJobQueue::upload_job(PrintHostJob &job, PrintHost::ProgressFn progress_fn, PrintHost::ErrorFn error_fn, PrintHost::InfoFn info_fn)
+void PrintHostJobQueue::priv::perform_job(PrintHostJob the_job)
 {
+    emit_progress(0);   // Indicate the upload is starting
+
    // Captured before upload_data is moved into upload() below.
-    const std::string upload_filename = job.upload_data.source_path.filename().string();
+    const std::string upload_filename = the_job.upload_data.source_path.filename().string();

    {
        LifecycleEventContext ctx;
@@ -444,37 +429,19 @@ bool PrintHostJobQueue::upload_job(PrintHostJob &job, PrintHost::ProgressFn prog
        fire_lifecycle_event(LifecycleEvent::UploadStarted, ctx);
    }

-    bool success = false;
-    std::string error;
-    // A throwing upload must not stop the worker, or later jobs would stay queued forever.
-    try {
-        success = job.printhost->upload(std::move(job.upload_data), std::move(progress_fn), error_fn, std::move(info_fn));
-    } catch (const std::exception &e) {
-        error = e.what();
-        error_fn(error);
-    }
+    bool success = the_job.printhost->upload(std::move(the_job.upload_data),
+        [this](Http::Progress progress, bool &cancel)   { this->progress_fn(std::move(progress), cancel); },
+        [this](wxString error)                          { this->error_fn(std::move(error)); },
+        [this](wxString tag, wxString host)             { this->info_fn(std::move(tag), std::move(host)); }
+    );

    {
        LifecycleEventContext ctx;
        ctx.name  = upload_filename;
        ctx.code  = success ? LifecycleEvtCode::Ok : LifecycleEvtCode::Error;
-        ctx.msg   = error;
        fire_lifecycle_event(LifecycleEvent::UploadFinished, ctx);
    }

-    return success;
-}
-
-void PrintHostJobQueue::priv::perform_job(PrintHostJob the_job)
-{
-    emit_progress(0);   // Indicate the upload is starting
-
-    bool success = PrintHostJobQueue::upload_job(the_job,
-        [this](Http::Progress progress, bool &cancel)   { this->progress_fn(std::move(progress), cancel); },
-        [this](wxString error)                          { this->error_fn(std::move(error)); },
-        [this](wxString tag, wxString host)             { this->info_fn(std::move(tag), std::move(host)); }
-    );
-
    if (success) {
        emit_progress(100);
        if (the_job.switch_to_device_tab) {
@@ -87,8 +87,6 @@ public:

    static PrintHost* get_print_host(DynamicPrintConfig *config);
    static std::string get_print_host_webui(DynamicPrintConfig *config);
-    // Reads the "err" field of a JSON reply, 0 when absent. Returns -1 when the body is not valid JSON.
-    static int get_err_code_from_body(const std::string &body);

    //Support for cloud webui login
    virtual bool is_cloud() const { return false; }
@@ -152,10 +150,6 @@ public:
    void enqueue(PrintHostJob job);
    void cancel(size_t id);

-    // Uploads the job, firing UploadStarted and a matching UploadFinished. An exception thrown by
-    // the upload is reported through error_fn and makes the upload fail.
-    static bool upload_job(PrintHostJob &job, PrintHost::ProgressFn progress_fn, PrintHost::ErrorFn error_fn, PrintHost::InfoFn info_fn);
-
 private:
    struct priv;
    std::shared_ptr<priv> p;
@@ -654,4 +654,13 @@ bool UltiMaker::start_print(wxString &msg, const std::string &filename, Connecti
 	return res;
 }

+int UltiMaker::get_err_code_from_body(const std::string &body) const
+{
+	pt::ptree root;
+	std::istringstream iss (body); // wrap returned json to istringstream
+	pt::read_json(iss, root);
+
+	return root.get<int>("err", 0);
+}
+
 }
@@ -64,6 +64,7 @@ private:
 	void set_auth(Http& http) const;
 	void disconnect(ConnectionType connectionType) const;
 	bool start_print(wxString &msg, const std::string &filename, ConnectionType connectionType) const;
+	int get_err_code_from_body(const std::string &body) const;
 };

 }
@@ -249,21 +249,10 @@ bool PluginConfig::save()
        return false;
    }

-    // Write to a PID-suffixed file and rename it into place, so a crash mid-write cannot truncate an
-    // existing config. Same approach as AppConfig::save().
-    const std::string path_pid = (boost::format("%1%.%2%") % path % get_current_pid()).str();
-
-    boost::nowide::ofstream file;
-    file.open(path_pid, std::ios::out | std::ios::trunc);
-    file << root.dump(1, '\t') << std::endl;
-    file.close();
-    if (file.fail()) {
-        BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(error) << "PluginConfig: failed to write " << path_pid << "; keeping the existing config";
-        return false;
-    }
-
-    if (const std::error_code rename_ec = rename_file(path_pid, path)) {
-        BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(error) << "PluginConfig: failed to move " << path_pid << " onto " << path << ": " << rename_ec.message();
+    // Written beside the target and moved into place, so a crash mid-write cannot truncate an
+    // existing config.
+    if (const std::error_code ec = write_file_atomically(path, root.dump(1, '\t') + "\n")) {
+        BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(error) << "PluginConfig: failed to write " << path << ": " << ec.message() << "; keeping the existing config";
        return false;
    }

@@ -768,128 +768,3 @@ TEST_CASE("Each filament prints with its variant of the extruder's variant strin
        CHECK(gcode.find("; nozzle_temperature = " + resolved + "\n") != std::string::npos);
    }
 }
-
-// An adaptive pressure advance model predicting the same pressure advance at every flow and acceleration.
-static std::string constant_pressure_advance_model(const std::string &pa)
-{
-    return pa + ",1,1000\n" + pa + ",500,1000\n" + pa + ",1,100000\n" + pa + ",500,100000";
-}
-
-// The pressure advance values a Klipper G-code sets.
-static std::set<std::string> pressure_advance_values(const std::string &gcode)
-{
-    const std::string token = "SET_PRESSURE_ADVANCE ADVANCE=";
-    std::set<std::string> values;
-    std::istringstream stream(gcode);
-    for (std::string line; std::getline(stream, line);)
-        if (line.rfind(token, 0) == 0)
-            values.insert(line.substr(token.size(), line.find(';') - token.size()));
-    return values;
-}
-
-// Pressure advance, and the adaptive pressure advance model, are tuned per extruder variant like the
-// other filament variant settings.
-TEST_CASE("Each filament sets the pressure advance of its extruder variant", "[MultiFilament]")
-{
-    auto [nozzle_volume_type, filament, pressure_advance, adaptive_pressure_advance] = GENERATE(table<NozzleVolumeType, int, std::string, std::string>({
-        { nvtStandard, 1, "0.021", "0.012" },
-        { nvtHighFlow, 1, "0.037", "0.034" },
-        { nvtHighFlow, 2, "0.043", "0.056" }, // filament 2 defines no High Flow variant
-    }));
-    const bool adaptive = GENERATE(false, true);
-    DYNAMIC_SECTION(get_nozzle_volume_type_string(nozzle_volume_type) << " nozzle, filament " << filament << (adaptive ? ", adaptive" : "")) {
-        DynamicPrintConfig config = multifilament_config(2, {
-            { "gcode_flavor",               "klipper" },
-            { "extruder_variant_list",      "Direct Drive Standard,Direct Drive High Flow" },
-            // filament 1 defines Standard (0.021) and High Flow (0.037), filament 2 Standard (0.043)
-            { "filament_extruder_variant",  "Direct Drive Standard;Direct Drive High Flow;Direct Drive Standard" },
-            { "filament_self_index",        "1,1,2" },
-            { "enable_pressure_advance",    "1,1,1" },
-            { "pressure_advance",           "0.021,0.037,0.043" },
-            { "adaptive_pressure_advance",  adaptive ? "1,1,1" : "0,0,0" },
-            { "sparse_infill_filament_id",  filament },
-            { "internal_solid_filament_id", filament },
-            { "top_surface_filament_id",    filament },
-            { "bottom_surface_filament_id", filament },
-            { "outer_wall_filament_id",     filament },
-            { "inner_wall_filament_id",     filament },
-            { "enable_prime_tower",         0 },
-            { "skirt_loops",                0 },
-            { "brim_type",                  "no_brim" },
-            // custom G-code indexes the per-filament arrays by filament
-            { "machine_start_gcode",        "; start pressure advance {pressure_advance[initial_extruder]}" },
-        });
-        config.option<ConfigOptionStrings>("adaptive_pressure_advance_model")->values = {
-            constant_pressure_advance_model("0.012"), constant_pressure_advance_model("0.034"), constant_pressure_advance_model("0.056") };
-        config.option<ConfigOptionEnumsGeneric>("nozzle_volume_type", true)->values = { nozzle_volume_type };
-        const std::string gcode = slice({ cube(20) }, config);
-
-        // The toolchange sets the variant's pressure advance; with adaptive pressure advance, the
-        // prediction of the variant's model then replaces it.
-        std::set<std::string> expected{ pressure_advance };
-        if (adaptive)
-            expected.insert(adaptive_pressure_advance);
-        CHECK(pressure_advance_values(gcode) == expected);
-        CHECK(gcode.find("; start pressure advance " + pressure_advance + "\n") != std::string::npos);
-    }
-}
-
-// On a printer with two extruders, a filament takes the pressure advance of the variant of the extruder
-// it is mapped to, whichever filament and extruder that is.
-TEST_CASE("Each filament sets the pressure advance of its extruder variant on a two-extruder printer", "[MultiFilament]")
-{
-    auto [filament, extruder, pressure_advance, adaptive_pressure_advance] = GENERATE(table<int, int, std::string, std::string>({
-        { 1, 1, "0.021", "0.012" },
-        { 1, 2, "0.037", "0.034" },
-        { 2, 1, "0.043", "0.056" },
-        { 2, 2, "0.049", "0.078" },
-    }));
-    const bool adaptive = GENERATE(false, true);
-    DYNAMIC_SECTION("filament " << filament << " on extruder " << extruder << (adaptive ? ", adaptive" : "")) {
-        // the other filament goes on the other extruder
-        const std::string filament_map = filament == 1 ? std::to_string(extruder) + "," + std::to_string(3 - extruder) :
-                                                         std::to_string(3 - extruder) + "," + std::to_string(extruder);
-        DynamicPrintConfig config = multifilament_config(2, {
-            { "gcode_flavor",                   "klipper" },
-            { "single_extruder_multi_material", 0 },
-            { "nozzle_diameter",                "0.4,0.4" },
-            { "extruder_printable_height",      "0,0" },
-            // extruder 1 has a Standard nozzle, extruder 2 a High Flow one
-            { "printer_extruder_id",            "1,2" },
-            { "printer_extruder_variant",       "Direct Drive Standard;Direct Drive High Flow" },
-            { "extruder_variant_list",          "Direct Drive Standard;Direct Drive High Flow" },
-            { "filament_map",                   filament_map },
-            // both filaments define Standard and High Flow
-            { "filament_extruder_variant",      "Direct Drive Standard;Direct Drive High Flow;Direct Drive Standard;Direct Drive High Flow" },
-            { "filament_self_index",            "1,1,2,2" },
-            { "enable_pressure_advance",        "1,1,1,1" },
-            { "pressure_advance",               "0.021,0.037,0.043,0.049" },
-            { "adaptive_pressure_advance",      adaptive ? "1,1,1,1" : "0,0,0,0" },
-            { "sparse_infill_filament_id",      filament },
-            { "internal_solid_filament_id",     filament },
-            { "top_surface_filament_id",        filament },
-            { "bottom_surface_filament_id",     filament },
-            { "outer_wall_filament_id",         filament },
-            { "inner_wall_filament_id",         filament },
-            { "enable_prime_tower",             0 },
-            { "skirt_loops",                    0 },
-            { "brim_type",                      "no_brim" },
-            // custom G-code indexes the per-filament arrays by filament
-            { "machine_start_gcode",            "; start pressure advance {pressure_advance[initial_extruder]}" },
-        });
-        config.option<ConfigOptionStrings>("adaptive_pressure_advance_model")->values = {
-            constant_pressure_advance_model("0.012"), constant_pressure_advance_model("0.034"),
-            constant_pressure_advance_model("0.056"), constant_pressure_advance_model("0.078") };
-        config.option<ConfigOptionEnumsGeneric>("extruder_type", true)->values = { etDirectDrive, etDirectDrive };
-        config.option<ConfigOptionEnumsGeneric>("nozzle_volume_type", true)->values = { nvtStandard, nvtHighFlow };
-        // keep the mapping above rather than grouping the filaments automatically
-        config.option<ConfigOptionEnum<FilamentMapMode>>("filament_map_mode", true)->value = fmmManual;
-        const std::string gcode = slice({ cube(20) }, config);
-
-        std::set<std::string> expected{ pressure_advance };
-        if (adaptive)
-            expected.insert(adaptive_pressure_advance);
-        CHECK(pressure_advance_values(gcode) == expected);
-        CHECK(gcode.find("; start pressure advance " + pressure_advance + "\n") != std::string::npos);
-    }
-}
@@ -16,8 +16,10 @@ add_executable(${_TEST_NAME}_tests
    test_clipper_utils.cpp
    test_config.cpp
    test_config_variant_expansion.cpp
+    test_locales_utils.cpp
    test_drc.cpp
    test_toolordering_nozzle_group.cpp
+    test_parallel_resolve.cpp
    test_preset_bundle_loading.cpp
    test_preset_setting_id.cpp
    test_preset_diff.cpp
@@ -44,7 +46,6 @@ add_executable(${_TEST_NAME}_tests
    test_lay_on_face.cpp
    test_model.cpp
    test_utils.cpp
-    test_miniz_extension.cpp
    test_timeutils.cpp
    test_voronoi.cpp
    test_wipe_tower_estimate.cpp
@@ -54,6 +55,7 @@ add_executable(${_TEST_NAME}_tests
    test_ordering_strategies.cpp
    # test_png_io.cpp
    test_indexed_triangle_set.cpp
+    test_instance_lock.cpp
    ../libnest2d/printer_parts.cpp
    )

@@ -717,15 +717,3 @@ TEST_CASE("get_index_for_extruder scales the variant column by the requested str
    REQUIRE(col0_stride2 == 0);
    REQUIRE(col1_stride2 == 2);
 }
-
-// A per-variant filament option read with a single value gives it to every filament variant. A project
-// exported by an older CLI holds a single value for an option no loaded preset defined, such as
-// filament_ironing_flow.
-TEST_CASE("A per-variant filament option read with a single value gives it to every filament variant", "[Config]")
-{
-    // filament 1 defines Standard and High Flow, filament 2 Standard
-    DynamicPrintConfig config;
-    config.option<ConfigOptionInts>("filament_self_index", true)->values = {1, 1, 2};
-    config.load_from_ini_string("pressure_advance = 0.021", ForwardCompatibilitySubstitutionRule::Disable);
-    REQUIRE(config.option<ConfigOptionFloats>("pressure_advance")->values == std::vector<double>({0.021, 0.021, 0.021}));
-}
--- a/Show More
+++ b/Show More
Author	SHA1	Message	Date
Hanif Koh	ecfcc96d76	Run the Cross-Process Lock Test on Every Platform The test that checks the guard yields to a lock held elsewhere forked a child to hold it, so it was left out on Windows. The OS lock belongs to the handle on Windows and to the open file description elsewhere, so a second handle in the same process is refused like another instance would be. The test now holds the lock that way and runs everywhere.	2026-09-30 00:31:59 +08:00
Hanif Koh	ff6f935be5	Lock Config and Preset Files Across Instances and Write Them Atomically Every running instance shares one OrcaSlicer.conf and one user preset tree, and nothing kept their writers apart. Two instances saving at the same moment, or the cloud preset sync thread writing while the GUI thread saved, could interleave, and a reader in another instance could open a preset JSON or .info file between truncate and close and get a partial file, dropping that preset for the session with a parse error. Add InstanceLock, a scoped guard that serialises the threads of one process through a recursive mutex and other processes through an advisory OS file lock: flock on POSIX, held on the guard's own descriptor so no other close in the process can drop it, and LockFileEx on Windows. The outermost guard opens the lock file and closes it on release, so nothing stays open between saves and a data dir can be removed once nothing is saving into it; the file itself is kept, since deleting it would let a third instance lock a fresh file while the second still holds the old one. It is best effort: when the lock file cannot be opened or locked, or another instance still holds it after a second, the guard logs once and lets the write proceed, then leaves the file alone for ten seconds, so a hung instance never blocks every other one and a holder stuck in a debugger does not cost a stall per save. The guard sits at the leaf readers and writers: set_sync_info_and_save() calls save_info() under the preset collection mutex, so a batch lock around save_user_presets() would invert the order against the sync thread. The user preset scan reads its files on worker threads without the guard, since the mutex would serialise them, and takes it per file in the serial commit step, so a save never waits for the whole scan. Each read keeps the bytes of the preset and its .info as they were before parsing; commit compares them with the disk under the guard and reads a file that changed again, so it never deletes or writes back over another instance's newer save, nor installs a .json and .info from two different saves; a preset another instance removed in the meantime is not installed. Without the guard, in a cool-down, the scan still loads the presets but leaves their files alone: an unreadable file stays for the next scan, and a derived compatible printer is not written back. Read-only scans, which is what the CLI does, take no lock and create no lock file. AppConfig holds OrcaSlicer.conf.lock in load() and save(); load is included because the Windows path restores from the .bak copy. Every user preset writer and reader holds user.lock: Preset::save(), which writes no .info when the preset itself could not be written, since an .info without its preset reads as a cloud deletion request, save_info(), reload() and remove_files(), each preset the scan commits, the bundle metadata reads and write, the .info removal after a cloud-confirmed delete, the orphaned-.info scan on the sync thread, the bundle folder removal on unsubscribe and the physical printer writers and delete paths. A bundle import extracts under cache/ into a folder per process and per import, where no scan reads. Preset JSON, .info, bundle metadata, physical printer and config files, and the caches and state files that already used a temporary by hand, now go through write_file_atomically(), which writes <file>.<pid>.<n>.tmp beside the target and renames it over, so a reader that never waits sees a complete old or new file. A symlink is followed; a target that is not a regular file is written in place; and when no temporary can be created beside an existing target, or the rename itself is refused, by a Windows reader holding the file open or a mount that cannot replace in one step, the helper writes in place as before, since losing the save is worse than a torn read. On POSIX the rename replaces the target atomically where the old code removed it first and left a window with no file at all; only a mount that refuses a one-step replace gets the old remove-then-rename. A crash between temporary and rename leaves the temporary behind, which no scan reads. Preset::save() returns whether it wrote the preset, so the scan counts a compatible printer it could not write back as an error. A failed config write keeps the config dirty, and the idle handler waits ten seconds before retrying while an explicit save always tries.	2026-09-29 23:51:15 +08:00
raistlin7447	674e036864	tests: a key misplaced into an included template is reported and removed The misplaced-key test put its bad key only in the inherited base. A second one in the included template checks that an include diff cannot carry a key the collection default lacks into the presets that include it.	2026-09-29 08:52:48 -05:00
Rodrigo Faselli	ecf5f59988	Merge branch 'main' into perf/parallel-preset-load	2026-09-29 07:51:50 -03:00
raistlin7447	8b091f709b	libslic3r: say what the write-back catch in commit_user_preset covers Preset::save throws a runtime_error only when it cannot create the preset's folder; a failed write is silent, and invalid UTF-8 throws a type_error that is not caught here. The comment now claims only the case the catch handles.	2026-09-28 07:19:58 -05:00
raistlin7447	7f30eb8a49	libslic3r: merge the loaded vendors' presets in one pass load_vendors merged each vendor's bundle into the startup bundle in turn, inserting every preset at its sorted place in a deque, so each insert shifted every preset after it. PresetBundle::merge_presets now takes every loaded bundle at once, and each collection merges its sorted presets with theirs in one pass. A preset name this bundle or an earlier one of the list already has is still left out and reported under the vendor that repeats it, in the same order as before.	2026-09-27 08:42:38 -05:00
raistlin7447	b5d1866445	libslic3r: read the other vendors while the filament library loads Installing a vendor's filaments looks up the filament library, so load_vendors loads the library first. Reading a vendor, from its cache or its JSONs, needs nothing from the library, yet every other vendor waited for it before starting. load_vendor_configs_from_json splits into read_vendor and install_vendor_read. load_vendors reads the other vendors in parallel while the library loads, and installs each against it as soon as both its read and the library are done. A cache the library can no longer install is still replaced by a parse of the vendor's JSONs, now when it installs; a canceled load is not mistaken for such a cache. Vendors start costliest first, and a cache older than the profile beside it is ordered as a parse. load_vendors also names the vendors that failed, the library included, which keeps what it installed before failing and so stays among the bundle's vendors. The setup wizard falls back to its own scan on that list rather than on which vendors the bundle holds.	2026-09-27 08:42:37 -05:00
raistlin7447	3b1a5c0630	libslic3r: copy the configs a vendor keeps while resolving A vendor keeps a copy of each config its other entries inherit, and the filament library keeps every one of them for the vendors that inherit from it. The copy was made in commit, one entry at a time on the calling thread while the workers waited, and the library alone makes 960 of them. Whether an entry's config is kept depends only on names known before any entry resolves, so resolve_vendor_preset makes the copy alongside the rest of its work and commit moves it in.	2026-09-27 08:42:36 -05:00
raistlin7447	18867094fa	libslic3r: load the setup wizard's vendors the way startup does When the wizard's profile-data cache is stale, which any vendor's version change makes it, the printer and filament selection dialogs rebuild it by loading every shipped vendor, 66 of them here, one after another. Startup loads its vendors in parallel once the filament library is in. That step moves out of load_system_presets_from_json into PresetBundle::load_vendors, which takes each vendor with the directory it is installed in, and the wizard calls it too. A vendor that fails to load still sends the wizard to its hand-written JSON scan, as the exception it used to throw did, now once the others have loaded and with the error logged. merge_presets goes private, since the wizard no longer merges bundles itself. Opening either dialog with a stale cache goes from 3.38-3.55 s to 2.33-2.47 s on a 16-core desktop, and the vendor rebuild inside it from 2.34-2.48 s to 1.27-1.41 s. The catalog it writes is byte-identical to the one main writes, and a dump of every preset startup loads is unchanged.	2026-09-27 08:42:36 -05:00
raistlin7447	5ae88ae5c7	libslic3r: install parsed and cached presets through one routine A cache load installed the entries others inherit from or include first and resolved the rest together, while the JSON parse installed each entry straight after parsing it. The two orders only agree while every preset is listed after what it depends on. An include listed after the preset naming it was missing for one and found by the other, and every new kind of reference between presets would have needed the same care in two places. Both loads now go through install_vendor, which installs processes, filaments and printers in listing order. Entries resolve together in runs and commit one at a time, and a run ends before an entry that inherits or includes one already in it. No entry resolves against a registration from its own run, so the result is what installing one at a time gives, in any listing order. The JSON parse reads every sub-file first, under one numeric locale setter, and stops at the first that fails. The ones before it are installed before the failure is raised, as they were one at a time, and the filament library's maps are published only from a complete load. Each entry's parse errors are logged and counted when it installs, so the log and a load that fails partway come out as one-at-a-time loading leaves them. Every preset already in the collection counts as taken for a new one's name. resolve_vendor_preset and commit_vendor_preset take a VendorInstall with the collection's shared state in place of a dozen parameters, const for resolve. The first launch after an update, which parses every profile, goes from 1510-1533 ms to 806-849 ms on a 16-core desktop, and a cached launch from 342-357 ms to 328-334 ms.	2026-09-27 08:42:35 -05:00
raistlin7447	ea3a40d073	libslic3r: move the filament library's config map instead of copying it Every preset of the filament library keeps its config for other vendors to inherit from, and publishing that map copied all 1281 of them. The map it is built in is cleared by the next install before anything reads it again, so the copy was of no use to anyone. Loading the library goes from 145 to 86 ms, and the whole preset load from 360 to 300 ms.	2026-09-27 08:42:35 -05:00
raistlin7447	806568287c	libslic3r: append a vendor's presets and sort once Installing a preset placed it at its position in the sorted collection, which moves every preset after it, so a vendor with 2528 filaments paid an O(n) insertion 2528 times. That is serial work at the end of a load whose per-preset part now runs across threads, so it is what the load waits on. The entries are appended and the collection sorted once they are all in, the way user presets are already loaded. The sort is on a scope guard, so it also runs for an entry that cannot be installed and throws past the end of the loop. A repeated name was caught by find_preset against the half-filled collection, which an unsorted one cannot answer, so the names are kept in a set, seeded with the default presets that are in the collection before the first entry arrives.	2026-09-27 08:42:34 -05:00
raistlin7447	0342ddbe26	libslic3r: check only the keys an entry added for validity A preset's config is a copy of the one it inherits with the entry's diff applied over it, so the only keys it can hold that the parent does not define are the ones in that diff. Scanning all of them instead walked 141 keys per filament preset where 23 would do, and built a vector of every key's name to do it. The keys the caller knows were added are checked where it has them, and the scan of everything stays for the callers that do not. An entry that includes a template is checked the same way, since an include diff holds only keys of the collection default. The check also moves above Preset::normalize, which derives keys from the ones it finds. A key derived from one the profile should not have carried is in neither the diff nor the parent, so after normalize nothing would name it.	2026-09-27 08:42:34 -05:00
raistlin7447	33af0651b7	libslic3r: resolve user presets together A user preset is read from its own file and flattened against the system preset it inherits. It cannot inherit another file of the same pass, because the presets being read only join the collection once they have all been read, so the files are independent of each other. load_presets splits the way the vendor cache load already does: resolve_user_preset reads and flattens one file and touches nothing shared, and commit_user_preset installs it, counts its errors, and does the file work a load can trigger (removing an unreadable preset, writing back a filament preset that named no compatible printer). Both callers now share resolve_then_commit, which holds the two-phase shape, works through the items in batches so what is held at once does not grow with how many there are, and gives each piece of a batch one CNumericLocalesSetter rather than one per file. It throws rather than commit a batch that a canceled task group of the caller left unresolved. A setter nested in another on the same thread does nothing while the locale is still "C", so one setter per piece of a batch covers every file in it, and each batch runs isolated, so a thread waiting on it picks up none of the caller's other work. A filament preset whose derived compatible printer cannot be written back still loads, with the failure counted. Loading 328 user presets goes from 105 to 34 ms on a 16-core desktop.	2026-09-27 08:42:33 -05:00
raistlin7447	781a5d8516	libslic3r: compare preset json keys without the locale Reading one preset file tries a dozen key names against every key in it with boost::iequals, which compares through std::locale(). Constructing that takes a lock the whole process shares in the MSVC runtime, so it is both the bulk of the work in a preset file's parse and the reason two threads cannot do it at once. Comparing the bytes instead takes loading 328 user presets from 129 to 105 ms one at a time, and the same files spread across threads from 132 to 27 ms. The first launch after an update, when the system profiles are parsed from JSON rather than served from their cache, goes through the same function.	2026-09-27 08:42:32 -05:00
raistlin7447	38446ab77a	libslic3r: resolve a vendor's cached presets together Installing one entry is a config copy, the entry's diff applied over it, normalization and an invalid-key scan. For the largest vendor that is around 2000 filaments at about 115 us each, and all of it reads state that does not change while the collection loads. load_vendor_preset splits into resolve_vendor_preset, which flattens an entry and touches nothing shared, and commit_vendor_preset, which installs it. A cache load installs the entries others inherit from first, since what those register is what the rest resolve against, then resolves the rest together and commits them one at a time. The JSON parse calls the two back to back as before. On a 16-core desktop with 4263 system presets installed, preset loading goes from 644-652 ms to 370-376 ms, and a bundle loaded either way comes out identical, preset for preset and option for option.	2026-09-27 08:42:32 -05:00
raistlin7447	9080269f6f	libslic3r: split the system preset load across threads reliably The parallel_for over the vendors used an auto_partitioner, which splits its range only while a worker is asking for work. At six vendors that often did not happen at all. In two runs out of four on this machine every vendor in that step ran on the calling thread, which the log shows as one thread id for all of them. A grain of one splits the range up front. The vendors also start slowest first, so the vendor that decides when the step ends is not the one left until last. A vendor with no cache is parsed from its JSONs, which costs far more than any cache load, so those go before cached ones, and within each group the bigger file goes first, the cache or the profile index that names the vendor's presets.	2026-09-27 08:42:31 -05:00