From f7caf0db07266a6ec4f7518143028ec0bc93e5d7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Ian Chua <iancrb00@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 23 Jul 2026 21:04:08 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 01/51] feat(plugin): storage API

---
 src/slic3r/plugin/host/PluginHost.cpp         | 51 +++++++++++++++++++
 src/slic3r/plugin/host/PluginHostBindings.hpp |  2 +-
 2 files changed, 52 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/src/slic3r/plugin/host/PluginHost.cpp b/src/slic3r/plugin/host/PluginHost.cpp
index 524f07f12c..5fca4d4fbc 100644
--- a/src/slic3r/plugin/host/PluginHost.cpp
+++ b/src/slic3r/plugin/host/PluginHost.cpp
@@ -1,9 +1,59 @@
 #include "PluginHost.hpp"
 #include "PluginHostBindings.hpp"
 #include "PluginHostUi.hpp"
+#include <slic3r/plugin/PluginAuditManager.hpp>
+#include <slic3r/plugin/PluginDescriptor.hpp>
+#include <slic3r/plugin/PluginFsUtils.hpp>
+#include <slic3r/plugin/PluginManager.hpp>
+#include <slic3r/GUI/GUI_App.hpp>
+
+#include <stdexcept>
 
 namespace Slic3r {
 
+namespace host_bindings {
+void register_plugin(pybind11::module_& host)
+{
+    auto plugin_host = host.def_submodule("plugin", "Plugin host API");
+
+    plugin_host.def(
+        "storage",
+        []() -> std::string {
+            const std::string plugin_key = PluginAuditManager::instance().current_plugin();
+            if (plugin_key.empty())
+                throw std::runtime_error("plugin.storage() must be called from a plugin callback");
+
+            PluginDescriptor descriptor;
+            if (!PluginManager::instance().try_get_plugin_descriptor(plugin_key, descriptor))
+                throw std::runtime_error("The current plugin is not registered");
+
+            // plugin_root is populated for installed packages. If it is unavailable, the entry
+            // path still identifies the same package directory. This is important for local
+            // plugins: their directory is based on the source filename (including its extension),
+            // while plugin_key is based on the filename stem.
+            const boost::filesystem::path plugin_root = resolve_plugin_root_from_descriptor(descriptor);
+            if (!plugin_root.empty())
+                return plugin_root.string();
+
+            if (!descriptor.is_cloud_plugin())
+                throw std::runtime_error("The current local plugin folder is unavailable");
+
+            if (wxTheApp == nullptr || GUI::wxGetApp().getAgent() == nullptr)
+                throw std::runtime_error("Cloud plugin storage is unavailable before networking is initialized");
+
+            const std::string user_id = GUI::wxGetApp().getAgent()->get_user_id();
+            if (user_id.empty())
+                throw std::runtime_error("Cloud plugin storage is unavailable without a logged-in user");
+
+            if (!is_valid_plugin_id(plugin_key))
+                throw std::runtime_error("The current cloud plugin key is not a valid folder name");
+
+            return (boost::filesystem::path(get_cloud_plugin_dir(user_id)) / plugin_key).string();
+        },
+        "Return the installed folder of the current plugin.");
+}
+} // namespace host_bindings
+
 void PluginHost::RegisterBindings(pybind11::module_& module)
 {
     auto host = module.def_submodule("host", "Host application API");
@@ -15,6 +65,7 @@ void PluginHost::RegisterBindings(pybind11::module_& module)
     host_bindings::register_presets(host);
     host_bindings::register_model(host);
     host_bindings::register_app(host);
+    host_bindings::register_plugin(host);
 
     // UI: native dialogs and interactive HTML windows for plugins.
     PluginHostUi::RegisterBindings(host);
diff --git a/src/slic3r/plugin/host/PluginHostBindings.hpp b/src/slic3r/plugin/host/PluginHostBindings.hpp
index 0f206d5992..94601ad99c 100644
--- a/src/slic3r/plugin/host/PluginHostBindings.hpp
+++ b/src/slic3r/plugin/host/PluginHostBindings.hpp
@@ -12,5 +12,5 @@ void register_presets(pybind11::module_& host);  // PluginHostPresets.cpp
 void register_model(pybind11::module_& host);    // PluginHostModel.cpp
 void register_app(pybind11::module_& host);      // PluginHostApp.cpp
 void register_slicing(pybind11::module_& host);  // PluginHostSlicing.cpp
-
+void register_plugin(pybind11::module_& host);  // PluginHost.cpp
 } // namespace Slic3r::host_bindings

From 2e246341d16bc655f409d2882365508b020c097b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Ian Chua <iancrb00@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 24 Jul 2026 18:57:46 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 02/51] move the storage directory outside the actual plugin
 code folder

---
 src/slic3r/plugin/PluginFsUtils.cpp   |  2 +-
 src/slic3r/plugin/PluginFsUtils.hpp   |  1 +
 src/slic3r/plugin/PluginManager.cpp   | 32 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 src/slic3r/plugin/PluginManager.hpp   |  4 ++++
 src/slic3r/plugin/host/PluginHost.cpp | 30 +------------------------
 5 files changed, 39 insertions(+), 30 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/slic3r/plugin/PluginFsUtils.cpp b/src/slic3r/plugin/PluginFsUtils.cpp
index 445dd00b9b..63dc229967 100644
--- a/src/slic3r/plugin/PluginFsUtils.cpp
+++ b/src/slic3r/plugin/PluginFsUtils.cpp
@@ -632,7 +632,7 @@ void parse_metadata_rfc822(const std::string& content,
 bool is_ignored_plugin_directory(const boost::filesystem::path& path)
 {
     const std::string name = path.filename().string();
-    return name.empty() || name[0] == '.' || name.rfind("__", 0) == 0 || name == PLUGIN_SUBSCRIBED_DIR;
+    return name.empty() || name[0] == '.' || name.rfind("__", 0) == 0 || name == PLUGIN_SUBSCRIBED_DIR || name == PLUGIN_DATA_DIR;
 }
 
 bool is_safe_relative_path(const boost::filesystem::path& path)
diff --git a/src/slic3r/plugin/PluginFsUtils.hpp b/src/slic3r/plugin/PluginFsUtils.hpp
index 7922946b1c..5f57dbf807 100644
--- a/src/slic3r/plugin/PluginFsUtils.hpp
+++ b/src/slic3r/plugin/PluginFsUtils.hpp
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@
 #include <vector>
 
 #define PLUGIN_SUBSCRIBED_DIR "_subscribed"
+#define PLUGIN_DATA_DIR "plugin_data"
 
 namespace Slic3r {
 
diff --git a/src/slic3r/plugin/PluginManager.cpp b/src/slic3r/plugin/PluginManager.cpp
index 761a9aad63..abc2446d55 100644
--- a/src/slic3r/plugin/PluginManager.cpp
+++ b/src/slic3r/plugin/PluginManager.cpp
@@ -486,6 +486,38 @@ bool PluginManager::try_get_plugin_descriptor_for_capability(const std::string&
     return false;
 }
 
+std::string PluginManager::get_storage_dir(const std::string& plugin_key) const
+{
+    namespace fs = boost::filesystem;
+
+    PluginDescriptor descriptor;
+    if (!try_get_plugin_descriptor(plugin_key, descriptor))
+        throw std::runtime_error("The current plugin is not registered");
+
+    const fs::path base_storage_dir = fs::path(get_orca_plugins_dir()) / PLUGIN_DATA_DIR;
+
+    if (!descriptor.is_cloud_plugin()) {
+        const fs::path local_storage_dir = base_storage_dir / plugin_key;
+        fs::create_directories(local_storage_dir);
+        return local_storage_dir.string();
+    }
+
+    auto agent = m_cloud_service.get_cloud_agent();
+    if (!agent)
+        throw std::runtime_error("Cloud plugin storage is unavailable before networking is initialized");
+
+    const std::string user_id = agent->get_user_id();
+    if (user_id.empty())
+        throw std::runtime_error("Cloud plugin storage is unavailable without a logged-in user");
+
+    if (!is_valid_plugin_id(plugin_key))
+        throw std::runtime_error("The current cloud plugin key is not a valid folder name");
+
+    const fs::path cloud_storage_dir = base_storage_dir / PLUGIN_SUBSCRIBED_DIR / user_id / plugin_key;
+    fs::create_directories(cloud_storage_dir);
+    return cloud_storage_dir.string();
+}
+
 // ── Capability instances ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
 
 std::vector<std::shared_ptr<PluginCapabilityInterface>> PluginManager::get_plugin_capabilities(const std::string& plugin_key,
diff --git a/src/slic3r/plugin/PluginManager.hpp b/src/slic3r/plugin/PluginManager.hpp
index 59a2791355..a0bab2afe3 100644
--- a/src/slic3r/plugin/PluginManager.hpp
+++ b/src/slic3r/plugin/PluginManager.hpp
@@ -138,6 +138,10 @@ public:
     bool try_get_plugin_descriptor_for_capability(const std::string& capability_name,
                                                   PluginCapabilityType type,
                                                   PluginDescriptor& out) const;
+    // Per-plugin storage directory under orca_plugins/plugin_data, created if missing. Throws
+    // std::runtime_error if the plugin is unregistered, the key is invalid, or (cloud plugins)
+    // no user is logged in yet.
+    std::string get_storage_dir(const std::string& plugin_key) const;
 
     std::vector<std::shared_ptr<PluginCapabilityInterface>> get_plugin_capabilities(
         const std::string& plugin_key = "",                            // "" => all plugins
diff --git a/src/slic3r/plugin/host/PluginHost.cpp b/src/slic3r/plugin/host/PluginHost.cpp
index 5fca4d4fbc..2830d6f276 100644
--- a/src/slic3r/plugin/host/PluginHost.cpp
+++ b/src/slic3r/plugin/host/PluginHost.cpp
@@ -2,10 +2,7 @@
 #include "PluginHostBindings.hpp"
 #include "PluginHostUi.hpp"
 #include <slic3r/plugin/PluginAuditManager.hpp>
-#include <slic3r/plugin/PluginDescriptor.hpp>
-#include <slic3r/plugin/PluginFsUtils.hpp>
 #include <slic3r/plugin/PluginManager.hpp>
-#include <slic3r/GUI/GUI_App.hpp>
 
 #include <stdexcept>
 
@@ -23,32 +20,7 @@ void register_plugin(pybind11::module_& host)
             if (plugin_key.empty())
                 throw std::runtime_error("plugin.storage() must be called from a plugin callback");
 
-            PluginDescriptor descriptor;
-            if (!PluginManager::instance().try_get_plugin_descriptor(plugin_key, descriptor))
-                throw std::runtime_error("The current plugin is not registered");
-
-            // plugin_root is populated for installed packages. If it is unavailable, the entry
-            // path still identifies the same package directory. This is important for local
-            // plugins: their directory is based on the source filename (including its extension),
-            // while plugin_key is based on the filename stem.
-            const boost::filesystem::path plugin_root = resolve_plugin_root_from_descriptor(descriptor);
-            if (!plugin_root.empty())
-                return plugin_root.string();
-
-            if (!descriptor.is_cloud_plugin())
-                throw std::runtime_error("The current local plugin folder is unavailable");
-
-            if (wxTheApp == nullptr || GUI::wxGetApp().getAgent() == nullptr)
-                throw std::runtime_error("Cloud plugin storage is unavailable before networking is initialized");
-
-            const std::string user_id = GUI::wxGetApp().getAgent()->get_user_id();
-            if (user_id.empty())
-                throw std::runtime_error("Cloud plugin storage is unavailable without a logged-in user");
-
-            if (!is_valid_plugin_id(plugin_key))
-                throw std::runtime_error("The current cloud plugin key is not a valid folder name");
-
-            return (boost::filesystem::path(get_cloud_plugin_dir(user_id)) / plugin_key).string();
+            return PluginManager::instance().get_storage_dir(plugin_key);
         },
         "Return the installed folder of the current plugin.");
 }

From 8fea099d99931a475a5baffc28a2c19949fcfa93 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Ian Bassi <ian.bassi@outlook.com>
Date: Wed, 12 Aug 2026 17:14:07 -0300
Subject: [PATCH 03/51] BBL Port Color Mix Base

---
 .../standard_color_recipes.json               | 14705 ++++++++++++++++
 src/libslic3r/CMakeLists.txt                  |    14 +-
 src/libslic3r/ColorDecomposeRecipe.cpp        |   361 +
 src/libslic3r/ColorDecomposeRecipe.hpp        |    64 +
 src/libslic3r/FilamentMixer.cpp               |   554 +
 src/libslic3r/FilamentMixer.hpp               |   144 +
 src/libslic3r/FilamentMixerModel.hpp          |   819 +
 src/libslic3r/Format/OBJ.cpp                  |   150 +-
 src/libslic3r/Format/OBJ.hpp                  |    16 +-
 src/libslic3r/Format/ResourcePathUtils.hpp    |   240 +
 src/libslic3r/Format/objparser.cpp            |     1 +
 src/libslic3r/Format/objparser.hpp            |     3 +
 src/libslic3r/GCode.cpp                       |   325 +-
 src/libslic3r/GCode.hpp                       |     5 +
 src/libslic3r/GCode/ToolOrdering.cpp          |   691 +
 src/libslic3r/GCode/ToolOrdering.hpp          |    82 +
 src/libslic3r/Layer.cpp                       |     6 +
 src/libslic3r/Model.cpp                       |    42 +-
 src/libslic3r/Model.hpp                       |    12 +-
 src/libslic3r/Preset.cpp                      |     1 +
 src/libslic3r/PresetBundle.cpp                |   154 +-
 src/libslic3r/PresetBundle.hpp                |     3 +
 src/libslic3r/Print.cpp                       |    21 +
 src/libslic3r/Print.hpp                       |    17 +-
 src/libslic3r/PrintApply.cpp                  |   131 +-
 src/libslic3r/PrintConfig.cpp                 |    64 +
 src/libslic3r/PrintConfig.hpp                 |     9 +
 src/libslic3r/TexturePainting.cpp             |   663 +
 src/libslic3r/TexturePainting.hpp             |   115 +
 src/libslic3r/TextureToColor/Callbacks.hpp    |    15 +
 src/libslic3r/TextureToColor/CgalUtils.hpp    |   173 +
 src/libslic3r/TextureToColor/ColorUtils.cpp   |  1643 ++
 src/libslic3r/TextureToColor/ColorUtils.hpp   |   207 +
 src/libslic3r/TextureToColor/Repair.hpp       |   252 +
 .../TextureToColor/TextureToColor.cpp         |   789 +
 .../TextureToColor/TextureToColor.hpp         |    65 +
 src/libslic3r/TextureToColor/TriMesh.hpp      |    28 +
 src/libslic3r/TriangleSelector.cpp            |    14 +
 src/libslic3r/TriangleSelector.hpp            |     3 +
 src/slic3r/CMakeLists.txt                     |    10 +
 src/slic3r/GUI/ColorDecomposeDialog.cpp       |   943 +
 src/slic3r/GUI/ColorDecomposeDialog.hpp       |   152 +
 src/slic3r/GUI/ColorDecomposeSupport.cpp      |   386 +
 src/slic3r/GUI/ColorDecomposeSupport.hpp      |   104 +
 src/slic3r/GUI/ConfigManipulation.cpp         |    54 +-
 src/slic3r/GUI/GLCanvas3D.cpp                 |    12 +
 src/slic3r/GUI/GLCanvas3D.hpp                 |     1 +
 .../GUI/Gizmos/GLGizmoMmuSegmentation.cpp     |     7 +
 src/slic3r/GUI/GradientCurveEditor.cpp        |   644 +
 src/slic3r/GUI/GradientCurveEditor.hpp        |   115 +
 src/slic3r/GUI/MainFrame.cpp                  |     5 +
 src/slic3r/GUI/MixedFilamentDialog.cpp        |  1983 +++
 src/slic3r/GUI/MixedFilamentDialog.hpp        |   176 +
 src/slic3r/GUI/NotificationManager.hpp        |     2 +
 src/slic3r/GUI/PartPlate.cpp                  |   106 +
 src/slic3r/GUI/PartPlate.hpp                  |     3 +
 src/slic3r/GUI/Plater.cpp                     |  1772 +-
 src/slic3r/GUI/Plater.hpp                     |    25 +-
 src/slic3r/GUI/Tab.cpp                        |    16 +
 src/slic3r/GUI/Tab.hpp                        |     2 +
 src/slic3r/GUI/TextureImportDialog.cpp        |  4333 +++++
 src/slic3r/GUI/TextureImportDialog.hpp        |   398 +
 src/slic3r/GUI/Widgets/ComboBox.cpp           |    28 +-
 src/slic3r/GUI/Widgets/ComboBox.hpp           |     6 +
 src/slic3r/GUI/Widgets/DropDown.cpp           |     5 +-
 src/slic3r/GUI/Widgets/DropDown.hpp           |     1 +
 src/slic3r/GUI/Widgets/SpinInput.cpp          |    16 +
 src/slic3r/GUI/Widgets/SpinInput.hpp          |     5 +
 src/slic3r/GUI/Widgets/TextInput.cpp          |     9 +
 src/slic3r/GUI/Widgets/TextInput.hpp          |     1 +
 src/slic3r/GUI/WipeTowerDialog.cpp            |    74 +-
 src/slic3r/GUI/WipeTowerDialog.hpp            |     4 +
 tests/libslic3r/CMakeLists.txt                |     1 +
 tests/libslic3r/test_filament_mixer.cpp       |   182 +
 .../libslic3r/test_preset_bundle_loading.cpp  |    43 +
 75 files changed, 34174 insertions(+), 51 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 resources/filament_mixing/standard_color_recipes.json
 create mode 100644 src/libslic3r/ColorDecomposeRecipe.cpp
 create mode 100644 src/libslic3r/ColorDecomposeRecipe.hpp
 create mode 100644 src/libslic3r/FilamentMixer.cpp
 create mode 100644 src/libslic3r/FilamentMixer.hpp
 create mode 100644 src/libslic3r/FilamentMixerModel.hpp
 create mode 100644 src/libslic3r/Format/ResourcePathUtils.hpp
 create mode 100644 src/libslic3r/TexturePainting.cpp
 create mode 100644 src/libslic3r/TexturePainting.hpp
 create mode 100644 src/libslic3r/TextureToColor/Callbacks.hpp
 create mode 100644 src/libslic3r/TextureToColor/CgalUtils.hpp
 create mode 100644 src/libslic3r/TextureToColor/ColorUtils.cpp
 create mode 100644 src/libslic3r/TextureToColor/ColorUtils.hpp
 create mode 100644 src/libslic3r/TextureToColor/Repair.hpp
 create mode 100644 src/libslic3r/TextureToColor/TextureToColor.cpp
 create mode 100644 src/libslic3r/TextureToColor/TextureToColor.hpp
 create mode 100644 src/libslic3r/TextureToColor/TriMesh.hpp
 create mode 100644 src/slic3r/GUI/ColorDecomposeDialog.cpp
 create mode 100644 src/slic3r/GUI/ColorDecomposeDialog.hpp
 create mode 100644 src/slic3r/GUI/ColorDecomposeSupport.cpp
 create mode 100644 src/slic3r/GUI/ColorDecomposeSupport.hpp
 create mode 100644 src/slic3r/GUI/GradientCurveEditor.cpp
 create mode 100644 src/slic3r/GUI/GradientCurveEditor.hpp
 create mode 100644 src/slic3r/GUI/MixedFilamentDialog.cpp
 create mode 100644 src/slic3r/GUI/MixedFilamentDialog.hpp
 create mode 100644 src/slic3r/GUI/TextureImportDialog.cpp
 create mode 100644 src/slic3r/GUI/TextureImportDialog.hpp
 create mode 100644 tests/libslic3r/test_filament_mixer.cpp

diff --git a/resources/filament_mixing/standard_color_recipes.json b/resources/filament_mixing/standard_color_recipes.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..280be054b2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/resources/filament_mixing/standard_color_recipes.json
@@ -0,0 +1,14705 @@
+{
+  "_comment": "Simulated values (source=filament_mixer) are generated by FilamentMixer, a degree-4 polynomial regression trained to approximate Mixbox behavior (Mean Delta-E ~2.07). This file does not use Mixbox source code, binaries, or data files. See src/libslic3r/FilamentMixerModel.hpp.",
+  "entries": [
+    {
+      "mode": "CMYW",
+      "material": "PLA Basic",
+      "components": [
+        {
+          "key": "Cyan",
+          "rgb": "#0086D6"
+        },
+        {
+          "key": "Magenta",
+          "rgb": "#EC008C"
+        }
+      ],
+      "ratios": [
+        20,
+        80
+      ],
+      "measured_lab": [
+        48.12,
+        36.72,
+        -25.69
+      ],
+      "measured_rgb": "#9A5B9E",
+      "source": "measured"
+    },
+    {
+      "mode": "CMYW",
+      "material": "PLA Basic",
+      "components": [
+        {
+          "key": "Cyan",
+          "rgb": "#0086D6"
+        },
+        {
+          "key": "Magenta",
+          "rgb": "#EC008C"
+        }
+      ],
+      "ratios": [
+        25,
+        75
+      ],
+      "measured_lab": [
+        48.038,
+        34.252,
+        -26.762
+      ],
+      "measured_rgb": "#955DA0",
+      "source": "interpolated"
+    },
+    {
+      "mode": "CMYW",
+      "material": "PLA Basic",
+      "components": [
+        {
+          "key": "Cyan",
+          "rgb": "#0086D6"
+        },
+        {
+          "key": "Magenta",
+          "rgb": "#EC008C"
+        }
+      ],
+      "ratios": [
+        30,
+        70
+      ],
+      "measured_lab": [
+        47.957,
+        31.783,
+        -27.833
+      ],
+      "measured_rgb": "#905FA1",
+      "source": "interpolated"
+    },
+    {
+      "mode": "CMYW",
+      "material": "PLA Basic",
+      "components": [
+        {
+          "key": "Cyan",
+          "rgb": "#0086D6"
+        },
+        {
+          "key": "Magenta",
+          "rgb": "#EC008C"
+        }
+      ],
+      "ratios": [
+        35,
+        65
+      ],
+      "measured_lab": [
+        47.875,
+        29.315,
+        -28.905
+      ],
+      "measured_rgb": "#8B61A3",
+      "source": "interpolated"
+    },
+    {
+      "mode": "CMYW",
+      "material": "PLA Basic",
+      "components": [
+        {
+          "key": "Cyan",
+          "rgb": "#0086D6"
+        },
+        {
+          "key": "Magenta",
+          "rgb": "#EC008C"
+        }
+      ],
+      "ratios": [
+        40,
+        60
+      ],
+      "measured_lab": [
+        47.793,
+        26.847,
+        -29.977
+      ],
+      "measured_rgb": "#8563A4",
+      "source": "interpolated"
+    },
+    {
+      "mode": "CMYW",
+      "material": "PLA Basic",
+      "components": [
+        {
+          "key": "Cyan",
+          "rgb": "#0086D6"
+        },
+        {
+          "key": "Magenta",
+          "rgb": "#EC008C"
+        }
+      ],
+      "ratios": [
+        45,
+        55
+      ],
+      "measured_lab": [
+        47.712,
+        24.378,
+        -31.048
+      ],
+      "measured_rgb": "#8065A6",
+      "source": "interpolated"
+    },
+    {
+      "mode": "CMYW",
+      "material": "PLA Basic",
+      "components": [
+        {
+          "key": "Cyan",
+          "rgb": "#0086D6"
+        },
+        {
+          "key": "Magenta",
+          "rgb": "#EC008C"
+        }
+      ],
+      "ratios": [
+        50,
+        50
+      ],
+      "measured_lab": [
+        47.63,
+        21.91,
+        -32.12
+      ],
+      "measured_rgb": "#7967A7",
+      "source": "measured"
+    },
+    {
+      "mode": "CMYW",
+      "material": "PLA Basic",
+      "components": [
+        {
+          "key": "Cyan",
+          "rgb": "#0086D6"
+        },
+        {
+          "key": "Magenta",
+          "rgb": "#EC008C"
+        }
+      ],
+      "ratios": [
+        55,
+        45
+      ],
+      "measured_lab": [
+        48.247,
+        19.212,
+        -32.842
+      ],
+      "measured_rgb": "#756AAA",
+      "source": "interpolated"
+    },
+    {
+      "mode": "CMYW",
+      "material": "PLA Basic",
+      "components": [
+        {
+          "key": "Cyan",
+          "rgb": "#0086D6"
+        },
+        {
+          "key": "Magenta",
+          "rgb": "#EC008C"
+        }
+      ],
+      "ratios": [
+        60,
+        40
+      ],
+      "measured_lab": [
+        48.863,
+        16.513,
+        -33.563
+      ],
+      "measured_rgb": "#706DAD",
+      "source": "interpolated"
+    },
+    {
+      "mode": "CMYW",
+      "material": "PLA Basic",
+      "components": [
+        {
+          "key": "Cyan",
+          "rgb": "#0086D6"
+        },
+        {
+          "key": "Magenta",
+          "rgb": "#EC008C"
+        }
+      ],
+      "ratios": [
+        65,
+        35
+      ],
+      "measured_lab": [
+        49.48,
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+    {
+      "mode": "RYBW",
+      "material": "PLA Basic",
+      "components": [
+        {
+          "key": "Yellow",
+          "rgb": "#F4EE2A"
+        },
+        {
+          "key": "Blue",
+          "rgb": "#0A2989"
+        },
+        {
+          "key": "White",
+          "rgb": "#FFFFFF"
+        }
+      ],
+      "ratios": [
+        45,
+        25,
+        30
+      ],
+      "measured_lab": [
+        56.752,
+        -28.317,
+        15.672
+      ],
+      "measured_rgb": "#5A956C",
+      "source": "interpolated"
+    },
+    {
+      "mode": "RYBW",
+      "material": "PLA Basic",
+      "components": [
+        {
+          "key": "Yellow",
+          "rgb": "#F4EE2A"
+        },
+        {
+          "key": "Blue",
+          "rgb": "#0A2989"
+        },
+        {
+          "key": "White",
+          "rgb": "#FFFFFF"
+        }
+      ],
+      "ratios": [
+        45,
+        30,
+        25
+      ],
+      "measured_lab": [
+        53.538,
+        -30.073,
+        15.901
+      ],
+      "measured_rgb": "#4E8D64",
+      "source": "interpolated"
+    },
+    {
+      "mode": "RYBW",
+      "material": "PLA Basic",
+      "components": [
+        {
+          "key": "Yellow",
+          "rgb": "#F4EE2A"
+        },
+        {
+          "key": "Blue",
+          "rgb": "#0A2989"
+        },
+        {
+          "key": "White",
+          "rgb": "#FFFFFF"
+        }
+      ],
+      "ratios": [
+        45,
+        35,
+        20
+      ],
+      "measured_lab": [
+        50.997,
+        -30.209,
+        14.208
+      ],
+      "measured_rgb": "#458660",
+      "source": "interpolated"
+    },
+    {
+      "mode": "RYBW",
+      "material": "PLA Basic",
+      "components": [
+        {
+          "key": "Yellow",
+          "rgb": "#F4EE2A"
+        },
+        {
+          "key": "Blue",
+          "rgb": "#0A2989"
+        },
+        {
+          "key": "White",
+          "rgb": "#FFFFFF"
+        }
+      ],
+      "ratios": [
+        50,
+        20,
+        30
+      ],
+      "measured_lab": [
+        62.09,
+        -24.71,
+        15.38
+      ],
+      "measured_rgb": "#70A17A",
+      "source": "measured"
+    },
+    {
+      "mode": "RYBW",
+      "material": "PLA Basic",
+      "components": [
+        {
+          "key": "Yellow",
+          "rgb": "#F4EE2A"
+        },
+        {
+          "key": "Blue",
+          "rgb": "#0A2989"
+        },
+        {
+          "key": "White",
+          "rgb": "#FFFFFF"
+        }
+      ],
+      "ratios": [
+        50,
+        25,
+        25
+      ],
+      "measured_lab": [
+        56.579,
+        -28.785,
+        18.097
+      ],
+      "measured_rgb": "#5B9467",
+      "source": "interpolated"
+    },
+    {
+      "mode": "RYBW",
+      "material": "PLA Basic",
+      "components": [
+        {
+          "key": "Yellow",
+          "rgb": "#F4EE2A"
+        },
+        {
+          "key": "Blue",
+          "rgb": "#0A2989"
+        },
+        {
+          "key": "White",
+          "rgb": "#FFFFFF"
+        }
+      ],
+      "ratios": [
+        50,
+        30,
+        20
+      ],
+      "measured_lab": [
+        51.74,
+        -31.81,
+        19.04
+      ],
+      "measured_rgb": "#48895A",
+      "source": "measured"
+    },
+    {
+      "mode": "RYBW",
+      "material": "PLA Basic",
+      "components": [
+        {
+          "key": "Yellow",
+          "rgb": "#F4EE2A"
+        },
+        {
+          "key": "Blue",
+          "rgb": "#0A2989"
+        },
+        {
+          "key": "White",
+          "rgb": "#FFFFFF"
+        }
+      ],
+      "ratios": [
+        55,
+        20,
+        25
+      ],
+      "measured_lab": [
+        59.237,
+        -28.888,
+        22.914
+      ],
+      "measured_rgb": "#669B65",
+      "source": "interpolated"
+    },
+    {
+      "mode": "RYBW",
+      "material": "PLA Basic",
+      "components": [
+        {
+          "key": "Yellow",
+          "rgb": "#F4EE2A"
+        },
+        {
+          "key": "Blue",
+          "rgb": "#0A2989"
+        },
+        {
+          "key": "White",
+          "rgb": "#FFFFFF"
+        }
+      ],
+      "ratios": [
+        55,
+        25,
+        20
+      ],
+      "measured_lab": [
+        56.854,
+        -29.771,
+        21.59
+      ],
+      "measured_rgb": "#5D9562",
+      "source": "interpolated"
+    },
+    {
+      "mode": "RYBW",
+      "material": "PLA Basic",
+      "components": [
+        {
+          "key": "Yellow",
+          "rgb": "#F4EE2A"
+        },
+        {
+          "key": "Blue",
+          "rgb": "#0A2989"
+        },
+        {
+          "key": "White",
+          "rgb": "#FFFFFF"
+        }
+      ],
+      "ratios": [
+        60,
+        20,
+        20
+      ],
+      "measured_lab": [
+        57.68,
+        -32.73,
+        32.07
+      ],
+      "measured_rgb": "#609850",
+      "source": "measured"
+    }
+  ]
+}
diff --git a/src/libslic3r/CMakeLists.txt b/src/libslic3r/CMakeLists.txt
index 333f43a68c..b8e537c5aa 100644
--- a/src/libslic3r/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/src/libslic3r/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -179,6 +179,17 @@ set(lisbslic3r_sources
     Fill/Lightning/Layer.hpp
     Fill/Lightning/TreeNode.cpp
     Fill/Lightning/TreeNode.hpp
+    FilamentMixer.cpp
+    FilamentMixer.hpp
+    FilamentMixerModel.hpp
+    ColorDecomposeRecipe.cpp
+    ColorDecomposeRecipe.hpp
+    TexturePainting.hpp
+    TexturePainting.cpp
+    TextureToColor/TextureToColor.hpp
+    TextureToColor/TextureToColor.cpp
+    TextureToColor/ColorUtils.hpp
+    TextureToColor/ColorUtils.cpp
     Flow.cpp
     Flow.hpp
     FlushVolCalc.cpp
@@ -194,6 +205,7 @@ set(lisbslic3r_sources
     format.hpp
     Format/OBJ.cpp
     Format/OBJ.hpp
+    Format/ResourcePathUtils.hpp
     Format/objparser.cpp
     Format/objparser.hpp
     Format/SL1.cpp
@@ -549,7 +561,7 @@ target_compile_definitions(libslic3r PUBLIC -DUSE_TBB -DTBB_USE_CAPTURED_EXCEPTI
 if (USE_SLIC3R_CONSOLE_LOG)
     target_compile_definitions(libslic3r PRIVATE $<$<CONFIG:RelWithDebInfo>:SLIC3R_CONSOLE_LOG>)
 endif()
-target_include_directories(libslic3r PRIVATE ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR} PUBLIC ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR})
+target_include_directories(libslic3r PRIVATE ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR} ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/TextureToColor PUBLIC ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR})
 target_include_directories(libslic3r SYSTEM PUBLIC ${EXPAT_INCLUDE_DIRS})
 
 # Find the OCCT and related libraries
diff --git a/src/libslic3r/ColorDecomposeRecipe.cpp b/src/libslic3r/ColorDecomposeRecipe.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8e5de9c06f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/libslic3r/ColorDecomposeRecipe.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,361 @@
+#include "ColorDecomposeRecipe.hpp"
+
+#include "FilamentMixer.hpp"
+#include "Utils.hpp"
+#include "nlohmann/json.hpp"
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <cmath>
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <fstream>
+#include <limits>
+#include <utility>
+
+namespace Slic3r {
+namespace {
+
+struct LabColor {
+    double l{0.0};
+    double a{0.0};
+    double b{0.0};
+};
+
+struct StandardRecipeEntry {
+    ColorDecomposeRecipeMode mode{ColorDecomposeRecipeMode::CMYW};
+    std::string material;
+    std::string source;
+    std::vector<std::string> component_keys;
+    std::vector<std::string> component_hexes;
+    std::vector<int> ratios;
+    std::string measured_hex;
+    LabColor measured_lab;
+};
+
+static double srgb_to_linear(double v)
+{
+    v /= 255.0;
+    return v <= 0.04045 ? v / 12.92 : std::pow((v + 0.055) / 1.055, 2.4);
+}
+
+static double xyz_to_lab_component(double v)
+{
+    constexpr double eps = 216.0 / 24389.0;
+    constexpr double kappa = 24389.0 / 27.0;
+    return v > eps ? std::cbrt(v) : (kappa * v + 16.0) / 116.0;
+}
+
+static LabColor rgb_to_lab(const ColorDecomposeRgb& rgb)
+{
+    const double r = srgb_to_linear(rgb.r);
+    const double g = srgb_to_linear(rgb.g);
+    const double b = srgb_to_linear(rgb.b);
+
+    const double x = (0.4124564 * r + 0.3575761 * g + 0.1804375 * b) / 0.95047;
+    const double y = (0.2126729 * r + 0.7151522 * g + 0.0721750 * b);
+    const double z = (0.0193339 * r + 0.1191920 * g + 0.9503041 * b) / 1.08883;
+
+    const double fx = xyz_to_lab_component(x);
+    const double fy = xyz_to_lab_component(y);
+    const double fz = xyz_to_lab_component(z);
+
+    return {116.0 * fy - 16.0, 500.0 * (fx - fy), 200.0 * (fy - fz)};
+}
+
+static double delta_e76(const LabColor& a, const LabColor& b)
+{
+    return std::sqrt(std::pow(a.l - b.l, 2.0) + std::pow(a.a - b.a, 2.0) + std::pow(a.b - b.b, 2.0));
+}
+
+static bool material_matches(const std::string& a, const std::string& b)
+{
+    if (a.empty() || b.empty())
+        return false;
+    return a == b || a == b + " Basic" || b == a + " Basic";
+}
+
+static std::vector<std::vector<int>> ratio_grid(size_t n)
+{
+    std::vector<std::vector<int>> out;
+    if (n == 2) {
+        for (int a = 20; a <= 80; a += 5)
+            out.push_back({a, 100 - a});
+    } else if (n == 3) {
+        for (int a = 20; a <= 60; a += 5)
+            for (int b = 20; b <= 80 - a; b += 5) {
+                const int c = 100 - a - b;
+                if (c >= 20)
+                    out.push_back({a, b, c});
+            }
+    }
+    return out;
+}
+
+static ColorDecomposeRecipeMode parse_mode(const std::string& s)
+{
+    if (s == "RYBW" || s == "RGBY")
+        return ColorDecomposeRecipeMode::RYBW;
+    return ColorDecomposeRecipeMode::CMYW;
+}
+
+static std::vector<StandardRecipeEntry> load_standard_entries()
+{
+    std::vector<StandardRecipeEntry> entries;
+    const std::string path = resources_dir() + "/filament_mixing/standard_color_recipes.json";
+    std::ifstream ifs(path);
+    if (!ifs)
+        return entries;
+
+    nlohmann::json root = nlohmann::json::parse(ifs, nullptr, false);
+    if (root.is_discarded() || !root.contains("entries") || !root["entries"].is_array())
+        return entries;
+
+    for (const auto& item : root["entries"]) {
+        if (!item.is_object())
+            continue;
+        StandardRecipeEntry entry;
+        entry.mode = parse_mode(item.value("mode", "CMYW"));
+        entry.material = item.value("material", "");
+        entry.source = item.value("source", "");
+        entry.measured_hex = item.value("measured_rgb", "");
+
+        if (item.contains("components") && item["components"].is_array()) {
+            for (const auto& comp : item["components"]) {
+                if (comp.is_object()) {
+                    entry.component_keys.push_back(comp.value("key", ""));
+                    entry.component_hexes.push_back(comp.value("rgb", ""));
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        if (item.contains("ratios") && item["ratios"].is_array()) {
+            for (const auto& ratio : item["ratios"]) {
+                if (ratio.is_number_integer())
+                    entry.ratios.push_back(ratio.get<int>());
+            }
+        }
+        if (item.contains("measured_lab") && item["measured_lab"].is_array() && item["measured_lab"].size() >= 3) {
+            entry.measured_lab = {
+                item["measured_lab"][0].get<double>(),
+                item["measured_lab"][1].get<double>(),
+                item["measured_lab"][2].get<double>()
+            };
+        } else {
+            ColorDecomposeRgb measured_rgb;
+            if (!color_decompose_hex_to_rgb(entry.measured_hex, measured_rgb))
+                continue;
+            entry.measured_lab = rgb_to_lab(measured_rgb);
+        }
+
+        if (entry.component_hexes.size() >= 2 && entry.component_hexes.size() == entry.ratios.size() &&
+            !entry.measured_hex.empty())
+            entries.push_back(std::move(entry));
+    }
+    return entries;
+}
+
+static const std::vector<StandardRecipeEntry>& standard_entries()
+{
+    static const std::vector<StandardRecipeEntry> entries = load_standard_entries();
+    return entries;
+}
+
+static void evaluate_candidate(const ColorDecomposeRgb& target,
+                               const std::vector<std::string>& hexes,
+                               const std::vector<int>& ratios,
+                               const std::vector<unsigned int>& indices,
+                               ColorDecomposeRecipeMode mode,
+                               double& best_score,
+                               ColorDecomposeRecipeResult& best)
+{
+    const std::string mixed = blend_color_multi(hexes, ratios);
+    ColorDecomposeRgb mixed_rgb;
+    if (!color_decompose_hex_to_rgb(mixed, mixed_rgb))
+        return;
+
+    const double score = delta_e76(rgb_to_lab(target), rgb_to_lab(mixed_rgb));
+    if (score >= best_score)
+        return;
+
+    best_score = score;
+    best.valid = true;
+    best.mode = mode;
+    best.matched_color_hex = mixed;
+    best.components.clear();
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < hexes.size(); ++i) {
+        ColorDecomposeRecipeComponent comp;
+        comp.color_hex = hexes[i];
+        comp.ratio = ratios[i];
+        comp.filament_index = i < indices.size() ? indices[i] : 0;
+        best.components.push_back(comp);
+    }
+}
+
+} // namespace
+
+std::string color_decompose_rgb_to_hex(const ColorDecomposeRgb& rgb)
+{
+    char buf[8];
+    std::snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "#%02X%02X%02X", rgb.r, rgb.g, rgb.b);
+    return std::string(buf);
+}
+
+bool color_decompose_hex_to_rgb(const std::string& hex, ColorDecomposeRgb& out)
+{
+    if (hex.size() < 7 || hex[0] != '#')
+        return false;
+    unsigned r = 0, g = 0, b = 0;
+    if (std::sscanf(hex.c_str(), "#%02x%02x%02x", &r, &g, &b) != 3)
+        return false;
+    out = {static_cast<unsigned char>(r), static_cast<unsigned char>(g), static_cast<unsigned char>(b)};
+    return true;
+}
+
+ColorDecomposeRecipeResult recommend_from_physical_filaments(
+    const ColorDecomposeRgb& target,
+    const std::vector<ColorDecomposePhysicalFilament>& physical_filaments,
+    const std::string& preferred_material_type)
+{
+    std::vector<ColorDecomposePhysicalFilament> candidates;
+    for (const auto& filament : physical_filaments) {
+        if (filament.is_mixed)
+            continue;
+        ColorDecomposeRgb ignored;
+        if (!color_decompose_hex_to_rgb(filament.color_hex, ignored))
+            continue;
+        if (preferred_material_type.empty() || material_matches(filament.type, preferred_material_type))
+            candidates.push_back(filament);
+    }
+    if (candidates.size() < 2)
+        candidates = physical_filaments;
+    candidates.erase(std::remove_if(candidates.begin(), candidates.end(), [](const auto& filament) {
+        if (filament.is_mixed)
+            return true;
+        ColorDecomposeRgb ignored;
+        return !color_decompose_hex_to_rgb(filament.color_hex, ignored);
+    }), candidates.end());
+
+    constexpr size_t kMaxCandidates = 8;
+    if (candidates.size() > kMaxCandidates) {
+        const LabColor target_lab = rgb_to_lab(target);
+        std::sort(candidates.begin(), candidates.end(),
+            [&target_lab](const ColorDecomposePhysicalFilament& a, const ColorDecomposePhysicalFilament& b) {
+                ColorDecomposeRgb rgb_a, rgb_b;
+                color_decompose_hex_to_rgb(a.color_hex, rgb_a);
+                color_decompose_hex_to_rgb(b.color_hex, rgb_b);
+                return delta_e76(target_lab, rgb_to_lab(rgb_a))
+                     < delta_e76(target_lab, rgb_to_lab(rgb_b));
+            });
+        candidates.resize(kMaxCandidates);
+    }
+
+    ColorDecomposeRecipeResult best;
+    double best_score = std::numeric_limits<double>::max();
+
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < candidates.size(); ++i) {
+        for (size_t j = i + 1; j < candidates.size(); ++j) {
+            const std::vector<std::string> hexes = {candidates[i].color_hex, candidates[j].color_hex};
+            const std::vector<unsigned int> indices = {candidates[i].filament_index, candidates[j].filament_index};
+            for (const auto& ratios : ratio_grid(2))
+                evaluate_candidate(target, hexes, ratios, indices, ColorDecomposeRecipeMode::MaterialList, best_score, best);
+
+            for (size_t k = j + 1; k < candidates.size(); ++k) {
+                const std::vector<std::string> hexes3 = {candidates[i].color_hex, candidates[j].color_hex, candidates[k].color_hex};
+                const std::vector<unsigned int> indices3 = {candidates[i].filament_index, candidates[j].filament_index, candidates[k].filament_index};
+                for (const auto& ratios : ratio_grid(3))
+                    evaluate_candidate(target, hexes3, ratios, indices3, ColorDecomposeRecipeMode::MaterialList, best_score, best);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    return best;
+}
+
+ColorDecomposeRecipeResult lookup_standard_recipe(
+    const ColorDecomposeRgb& target,
+    ColorDecomposeRecipeMode mode,
+    const std::string& preferred_material_type)
+{
+    const LabColor target_lab = rgb_to_lab(target);
+    ColorDecomposeRecipeResult best;
+    double best_score = std::numeric_limits<double>::max();
+
+    auto consider = [&](bool require_material_match) {
+        for (const StandardRecipeEntry& entry : standard_entries()) {
+            if (entry.mode != mode)
+                continue;
+            if (require_material_match && !material_matches(entry.material, preferred_material_type))
+                continue;
+            if (!require_material_match && !preferred_material_type.empty() && material_matches(entry.material, preferred_material_type))
+                continue;
+
+            const double score = delta_e76(target_lab, entry.measured_lab);
+            if (score >= best_score)
+                continue;
+
+            best_score = score;
+            best.valid = true;
+            best.mode = mode;
+            best.matched_color_hex = entry.measured_hex;
+            best.components.clear();
+            for (size_t i = 0; i < entry.component_hexes.size(); ++i) {
+                ColorDecomposeRecipeComponent comp;
+                comp.color_hex = entry.component_hexes[i];
+                comp.base_color = i < entry.component_keys.size() ? entry.component_keys[i] : "";
+                comp.ratio = entry.ratios[i];
+                comp.filament_index = 0;
+                best.components.push_back(comp);
+            }
+        }
+    };
+
+    consider(true);
+    if (!best.valid)
+        consider(false);
+    return best;
+}
+
+std::string lookup_measured_blend_color(const std::vector<std::string>& component_hexes,
+                                       const std::vector<int>& ratios)
+{
+    if (component_hexes.size() < 2 || component_hexes.size() != ratios.size())
+        return {};
+
+    auto normalize_hex = [](const std::string& hex) -> std::string {
+        ColorDecomposeRgb rgb;
+        if (!color_decompose_hex_to_rgb(hex, rgb))
+            return {};
+        char buf[8];
+        std::snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "#%02X%02X%02X", rgb.r, rgb.g, rgb.b);
+        return std::string(buf);
+    };
+
+    std::vector<std::string> norm_hexes;
+    norm_hexes.reserve(component_hexes.size());
+    for (const auto& h : component_hexes) {
+        std::string n = normalize_hex(h);
+        if (n.empty())
+            return {};
+        norm_hexes.push_back(std::move(n));
+    }
+
+    for (const StandardRecipeEntry& entry : standard_entries()) {
+        if (entry.source != "measured" && entry.source != "interpolated")
+            continue;
+        if (entry.component_hexes.size() != norm_hexes.size())
+            continue;
+        if (entry.ratios != ratios)
+            continue;
+
+        bool match = true;
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < norm_hexes.size(); ++i) {
+            if (normalize_hex(entry.component_hexes[i]) != norm_hexes[i]) {
+                match = false;
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+        if (match)
+            return entry.measured_hex;
+    }
+    return {};
+}
+
+} // namespace Slic3r
diff --git a/src/libslic3r/ColorDecomposeRecipe.hpp b/src/libslic3r/ColorDecomposeRecipe.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..146bf322a2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/libslic3r/ColorDecomposeRecipe.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+#ifndef SLIC3R_COLOR_DECOMPOSE_RECIPE_HPP
+#define SLIC3R_COLOR_DECOMPOSE_RECIPE_HPP
+
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
+namespace Slic3r {
+
+enum class ColorDecomposeRecipeMode {
+    MaterialList,
+    CMYW,
+    RYBW
+};
+
+struct ColorDecomposeRgb {
+    unsigned char r{0};
+    unsigned char g{0};
+    unsigned char b{0};
+};
+
+struct ColorDecomposePhysicalFilament {
+    std::string  color_hex;
+    std::string  name;
+    std::string  type;
+    bool         is_mixed{false};
+    unsigned int filament_index{0}; // 1-based physical filament index
+};
+
+struct ColorDecomposeRecipeComponent {
+    std::string  color_hex;
+    std::string  base_color;
+    int          ratio{0};
+    unsigned int filament_index{0}; // 1-based for physical filaments, 0 for standard base colors
+};
+
+struct ColorDecomposeRecipeResult {
+    bool valid{false};
+    ColorDecomposeRecipeMode mode{ColorDecomposeRecipeMode::MaterialList};
+    std::string matched_color_hex;
+    std::vector<ColorDecomposeRecipeComponent> components;
+};
+
+std::string color_decompose_rgb_to_hex(const ColorDecomposeRgb& rgb);
+bool color_decompose_hex_to_rgb(const std::string& hex, ColorDecomposeRgb& out);
+
+ColorDecomposeRecipeResult recommend_from_physical_filaments(
+    const ColorDecomposeRgb& target,
+    const std::vector<ColorDecomposePhysicalFilament>& physical_filaments,
+    const std::string& preferred_material_type);
+
+ColorDecomposeRecipeResult lookup_standard_recipe(
+    const ColorDecomposeRgb& target,
+    ColorDecomposeRecipeMode mode,
+    const std::string& preferred_material_type);
+
+// Look up the measured blend color for an exact (component_hexes, ratios) match
+// in the standard color recipe table. Returns the measured hex color if found
+// with reliable source data ("measured" or "interpolated"), empty string otherwise.
+std::string lookup_measured_blend_color(const std::vector<std::string>& component_hexes,
+                                       const std::vector<int>& ratios);
+
+} // namespace Slic3r
+
+#endif // SLIC3R_COLOR_DECOMPOSE_RECIPE_HPP
diff --git a/src/libslic3r/FilamentMixer.cpp b/src/libslic3r/FilamentMixer.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6514e6d3d2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/libslic3r/FilamentMixer.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,554 @@
+#include "FilamentMixer.hpp"
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <cassert>
+#include <cctype>
+#include <cmath>
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <limits>
+#include <sstream>
+#include <numeric>
+
+#include <boost/log/trivial.hpp>
+
+#include "ColorDecomposeRecipe.hpp"
+#include "FilamentMixerModel.hpp"
+#include "LocalesUtils.hpp"
+
+namespace Slic3r {
+namespace {
+
+inline float clamp01(float x)
+{
+    return std::max(0.0f, std::min(1.0f, x));
+}
+
+inline float srgb_to_linear(float x)
+{
+    return (x >= 0.04045f) ? std::pow((x + 0.055f) / 1.055f, 2.4f) : x / 12.92f;
+}
+
+inline float linear_to_srgb(float x)
+{
+    return (x >= 0.0031308f) ? (1.055f * std::pow(x, 1.0f / 2.4f) - 0.055f) : (12.92f * x);
+}
+
+inline unsigned char to_u8(float x)
+{
+    const float clamped = clamp01(x);
+    return static_cast<unsigned char>(clamped * 255.0f + 0.5f);
+}
+
+inline float to_f01(unsigned char x)
+{
+    return static_cast<float>(x) / 255.0f;
+}
+
+} // namespace
+
+void filament_mixer_lerp(unsigned char r1, unsigned char g1, unsigned char b1,
+                         unsigned char r2, unsigned char g2, unsigned char b2,
+                         float t,
+                         unsigned char* out_r, unsigned char* out_g, unsigned char* out_b)
+{
+    ::filament_mixer::lerp(r1, g1, b1, r2, g2, b2, t, out_r, out_g, out_b);
+}
+
+void filament_mixer_lerp_float(float r1, float g1, float b1,
+                               float r2, float g2, float b2,
+                               float t,
+                               float* out_r, float* out_g, float* out_b)
+{
+    unsigned char ur = 0, ug = 0, ub = 0;
+    filament_mixer_lerp(to_u8(r1), to_u8(g1), to_u8(b1),
+                        to_u8(r2), to_u8(g2), to_u8(b2),
+                        t, &ur, &ug, &ub);
+    *out_r = to_f01(ur);
+    *out_g = to_f01(ug);
+    *out_b = to_f01(ub);
+}
+
+void filament_mixer_lerp_linear_float(float r1, float g1, float b1,
+                                      float r2, float g2, float b2,
+                                      float t,
+                                      float* out_r, float* out_g, float* out_b)
+{
+    const float sr1 = linear_to_srgb(clamp01(r1));
+    const float sg1 = linear_to_srgb(clamp01(g1));
+    const float sb1 = linear_to_srgb(clamp01(b1));
+    const float sr2 = linear_to_srgb(clamp01(r2));
+    const float sg2 = linear_to_srgb(clamp01(g2));
+    const float sb2 = linear_to_srgb(clamp01(b2));
+
+    float out_sr = 0.0f, out_sg = 0.0f, out_sb = 0.0f;
+    filament_mixer_lerp_float(sr1, sg1, sb1, sr2, sg2, sb2, t, &out_sr, &out_sg, &out_sb);
+
+    *out_r = srgb_to_linear(clamp01(out_sr));
+    *out_g = srgb_to_linear(clamp01(out_sg));
+    *out_b = srgb_to_linear(clamp01(out_sb));
+}
+
+static bool parse_hex(const std::string &hex, unsigned char &r, unsigned char &g, unsigned char &b)
+{
+    if (hex.size() < 7 || hex[0] != '#') return false;
+    unsigned rv = 0, gv = 0, bv = 0;
+    if (std::sscanf(hex.c_str(), "#%02x%02x%02x", &rv, &gv, &bv) != 3) return false;
+    r = (unsigned char)rv; g = (unsigned char)gv; b = (unsigned char)bv;
+    return true;
+}
+
+std::string blend_color(const std::string& hex_a, const std::string& hex_b, float ratio_b)
+{
+    unsigned char r1 = 128, g1 = 128, b1 = 128;
+    unsigned char r2 = 128, g2 = 128, b2 = 128;
+    parse_hex(hex_a, r1, g1, b1);
+    parse_hex(hex_b, r2, g2, b2);
+
+    unsigned char mr = 0, mg = 0, mb = 0;
+    filament_mixer_lerp(r1, g1, b1, r2, g2, b2, ratio_b, &mr, &mg, &mb);
+
+    char buf[8];
+    std::snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "#%02X%02X%02X", mr, mg, mb);
+    return std::string(buf);
+}
+
+std::string blend_color_multi(const std::vector<std::string> &hex_colors,
+                              const std::vector<int> &weights)
+{
+    if (hex_colors.size() >= 2 && hex_colors.size() == weights.size()) {
+        std::string measured = lookup_measured_blend_color(hex_colors, weights);
+        if (!measured.empty())
+            return measured;
+    }
+
+    if (hex_colors.empty())
+        return "#000000";
+    if (hex_colors.size() == 1) {
+        unsigned char cr = 128, cg = 128, cb = 128;
+        parse_hex(hex_colors.front(), cr, cg, cb);
+        char buf[8];
+        std::snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "#%02X%02X%02X", cr, cg, cb);
+        return std::string(buf);
+    }
+
+    assert(hex_colors.size() == weights.size());
+
+    unsigned char r = 128, g = 128, b = 128;
+    int accumulated = 0;
+
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < hex_colors.size() && i < weights.size(); ++i) {
+        if (weights[i] <= 0)
+            continue;
+        unsigned char cr = 128, cg = 128, cb = 128;
+        parse_hex(hex_colors[i], cr, cg, cb);
+        if (accumulated == 0) {
+            r = cr; g = cg; b = cb;
+            accumulated = weights[i];
+        } else {
+            const int new_total = accumulated + weights[i];
+            const float t = static_cast<float>(weights[i]) / static_cast<float>(new_total);
+            filament_mixer_lerp(r, g, b, cr, cg, cb, t, &r, &g, &b);
+            accumulated = new_total;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (accumulated == 0)
+        return "#000000";
+
+    char buf[8];
+    std::snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "#%02X%02X%02X", r, g, b);
+    return std::string(buf);
+}
+
+std::vector<unsigned int> parse_mixed_components(const std::string &str)
+{
+    std::vector<unsigned int> components;
+    if (str.empty())
+        return components;
+    std::istringstream ss(str);
+    std::string token;
+    while (std::getline(ss, token, ',')) {
+        try {
+            int val = std::stoi(token);
+            if (val >= 0)
+                components.push_back(static_cast<unsigned int>(val));
+        } catch (...) {}
+    }
+    return components;
+}
+
+namespace {
+
+// Parse a token that may represent a finite double or "use default" (empty / "nan").
+// Returns NaN on either explicit sentinel or any parse error.
+inline double parse_tangent_token(const std::string& tok)
+{
+    if (tok.empty()) return std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+    std::string lower(tok.size(), '\0');
+    std::transform(tok.begin(), tok.end(), lower.begin(),
+                   [](unsigned char c) { return static_cast<char>(std::tolower(c)); });
+    if (lower == "nan") return std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+    try {
+        const double v = std::stod(tok);
+        if (!std::isfinite(v)) return std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+        return v;
+    } catch (...) {
+        return std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+    }
+}
+
+// Split a "a,b,c,d" segment on commas, preserving empty tokens (so "0.5,0.4,," yields
+// {"0.5","0.4","",""}). Used by the gradient-curve parser to distinguish NaN tangents
+// from a malformed segment.
+inline std::vector<std::string> split_commas(const std::string& seg)
+{
+    std::vector<std::string> out;
+    size_t start = 0;
+    while (true) {
+        const size_t comma = seg.find(',', start);
+        if (comma == std::string::npos) {
+            out.emplace_back(seg.substr(start));
+            return out;
+        }
+        out.emplace_back(seg.substr(start, comma - start));
+        start = comma + 1;
+    }
+}
+
+} // namespace
+
+// Default Fritsch-Carlson PCHIP tangents for a sorted-by-x anchor list. m has size n
+// matching the anchor count; for n == 1 the tangent is 0; for n == 2 both endpoint
+// tangents equal the single secant (degenerates to linear).
+std::vector<double> compute_pchip_default_tangents(const std::vector<GradientAnchor>& pts)
+{
+    const size_t n = pts.size();
+    std::vector<double> m(n, 0.0);
+    if (n < 2) return m;
+
+    std::vector<double> d(n - 1);
+    for (size_t i = 0; i + 1 < n; ++i) {
+        const double h = std::max(1e-12, pts[i + 1].x - pts[i].x);
+        d[i] = (pts[i + 1].y - pts[i].y) / h;
+    }
+
+    m[0]     = d[0];
+    m[n - 1] = d[n - 2];
+    for (size_t i = 1; i + 1 < n; ++i)
+        m[i] = 0.5 * (d[i - 1] + d[i]);
+
+    // Fritsch-Carlson monotonic guard: kill flats then rescale steep tangents so the
+    // resulting cubic never overshoots [min, max] of the surrounding anchors.
+    for (size_t i = 0; i + 1 < n; ++i) {
+        if (d[i] == 0.0) {
+            m[i]     = 0.0;
+            m[i + 1] = 0.0;
+            continue;
+        }
+        const double a = m[i]     / d[i];
+        const double b = m[i + 1] / d[i];
+        const double s = a * a + b * b;
+        if (s > 9.0) {
+            const double tau = 3.0 / std::sqrt(s);
+            m[i]     = tau * a * d[i];
+            m[i + 1] = tau * b * d[i];
+        }
+    }
+    return m;
+}
+
+GradientCurve parse_gradient_curve(const std::string& s)
+{
+    GradientCurve curve;
+    if (s.empty())
+        return curve;
+
+    CNumericLocalesSetter c_locale_setter;
+    std::istringstream ss(s);
+    std::string segment;
+    while (std::getline(ss, segment, '|')) {
+        if (segment.empty())
+            continue;
+        const auto fields = split_commas(segment);
+        // 2-field legacy form -> (x, y), tangents stay NaN.
+        // 4-field form -> (x, y, m_in, m_out), empty / "nan" tokens preserved as NaN.
+        if (fields.size() != 2 && fields.size() != 4) {
+            BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(warning) << "parse_gradient_curve: ignoring malformed segment \""
+                                       << segment << "\" (expected 2 or 4 comma-separated fields, got "
+                                       << fields.size() << ")";
+            continue;
+        }
+        try {
+            double x = std::stod(fields[0]);
+            double y = std::stod(fields[1]);
+            x = std::max(0.0, std::min(1.0, x));
+            y = std::max(kGradientMinRatio, std::min(kGradientMaxRatio, y));
+            GradientAnchor a;
+            a.x = x;
+            a.y = y;
+            if (fields.size() == 4) {
+                a.m_in  = parse_tangent_token(fields[2]);
+                a.m_out = parse_tangent_token(fields[3]);
+            }
+            curve.points.push_back(a);
+        } catch (const std::exception& e) {
+            BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(warning) << "parse_gradient_curve: ignoring unparseable segment \""
+                                       << segment << "\": " << e.what();
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (curve.points.size() < 2) {
+        if (!curve.points.empty())
+            BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(warning) << "parse_gradient_curve: only "
+                << curve.points.size() << " valid point(s), need at least 2; discarding";
+        curve.points.clear();
+        return curve;
+    }
+
+    std::sort(curve.points.begin(), curve.points.end(),
+              [](const GradientAnchor& a, const GradientAnchor& b) {
+                  return a.x < b.x;
+              });
+    return curve;
+}
+
+std::string serialize_gradient_curve(const GradientCurve& c)
+{
+    if (c.points.empty())
+        return std::string{};
+
+    CNumericLocalesSetter c_locale_setter;
+    std::string out;
+    char buf[128];
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < c.points.size(); ++i) {
+        if (i > 0) out += '|';
+        const auto& a = c.points[i];
+        const bool has_in  = std::isfinite(a.m_in);
+        const bool has_out = std::isfinite(a.m_out);
+        if (has_in || has_out) {
+            // Emit empty tokens for NaN slots so the legacy parser would still split
+            // four fields; the new parser interprets empty tokens as "use PCHIP default".
+            char in_buf[32]  = {0};
+            char out_buf[32] = {0};
+            if (has_in)  std::snprintf(in_buf,  sizeof(in_buf),  "%.4f", a.m_in);
+            if (has_out) std::snprintf(out_buf, sizeof(out_buf), "%.4f", a.m_out);
+            std::snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%.4f,%.4f,%s,%s",
+                          a.x, a.y, in_buf, out_buf);
+        } else {
+            // 4-field form is only emitted when at least one tangent is finite; the
+            // 2-field form is emitted otherwise so the JSON payload stays minimal
+            // and remains readable by older clients that only know (x, y) pairs.
+            std::snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%.4f,%.4f", a.x, a.y);
+        }
+        out += buf;
+    }
+    return out;
+}
+
+double sample_gradient_curve(const GradientCurve& c, double t)
+{
+    const auto& pts = c.points;
+    if (pts.size() < 2)
+        return 0.5;
+    if (t <= pts.front().x)
+        return pts.front().y;
+    if (t >= pts.back().x)
+        return pts.back().y;
+
+    // PCHIP defaults are computed for every call; control point counts are typically
+    // tiny (< 16) so the allocation cost is negligible compared to any actual rendering
+    // or G-code work that drives the sampler.
+    const std::vector<double> m_def = compute_pchip_default_tangents(pts);
+    const size_t n = pts.size();
+
+    // Linear scan to locate the interval [pts[i].x, pts[i+1].x] containing t. Cheap
+    // and avoids the upper_bound boilerplate; n is small.
+    for (size_t i = 1; i < n; ++i) {
+        const double x0 = pts[i - 1].x;
+        const double x1 = pts[i].x;
+        if (t > x1) continue;
+
+        const double y0 = pts[i - 1].y;
+        const double y1 = pts[i].y;
+        const double h  = std::max(1e-12, x1 - x0);
+        const double m_left  = std::isfinite(pts[i - 1].m_out) ? pts[i - 1].m_out : m_def[i - 1];
+        const double m_right = std::isfinite(pts[i].m_in)      ? pts[i].m_in      : m_def[i];
+
+        const double u   = (t - x0) / h;
+        const double u2  = u * u;
+        const double u3  = u2 * u;
+        const double h00 =  2.0 * u3 - 3.0 * u2 + 1.0;
+        const double h10 =        u3 - 2.0 * u2 + u;
+        const double h01 = -2.0 * u3 + 3.0 * u2;
+        const double h11 =        u3 -       u2;
+        double y = h00 * y0 + h10 * h * m_left
+                 + h01 * y1 + h11 * h * m_right;
+        // Defensive clamp in case tangent overrides on legacy curves push the
+        // single-segment Hermite slightly outside the anchor band.
+        if (y < kGradientMinRatio) y = kGradientMinRatio;
+        if (y > kGradientMaxRatio) y = kGradientMaxRatio;
+        return y;
+    }
+    return pts.back().y;
+}
+
+std::vector<double> parse_mixed_ratios(const std::string &str, size_t n_components)
+{
+    CNumericLocalesSetter c_locale_setter;
+    std::vector<double> ratios;
+    if (!str.empty()) {
+        std::istringstream ss(str);
+        std::string token;
+        while (std::getline(ss, token, ',')) {
+            try {
+                double val = std::stod(token);
+                if (val > 0.0)
+                    ratios.push_back(val);
+            } catch (...) {}
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (ratios.size() != n_components || n_components == 0) {
+        ratios.assign(n_components, n_components > 0 ? 1.0 / n_components : 0.0);
+        return ratios;
+    }
+
+    double sum = std::accumulate(ratios.begin(), ratios.end(), 0.0);
+    if (sum > 0.0 && std::abs(sum - 1.0) > 1e-6) {
+        for (double &r : ratios)
+            r /= sum;
+    }
+    return ratios;
+}
+
+bool has_any_mixed_filament(const std::vector<unsigned char> &is_mixed)
+{
+    for (unsigned char v : is_mixed)
+        if (v) return true;
+    return false;
+}
+
+std::vector<size_t> check_mixed_filament_integrity(
+    const std::vector<unsigned char> &is_mixed,
+    const std::vector<std::string>   &comp_strs,
+    size_t num_physical)
+{
+    std::vector<size_t> broken;
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < is_mixed.size(); ++i) {
+        if (!is_mixed[i]) continue;
+        if (i >= comp_strs.size() || comp_strs[i].empty()) {
+            broken.push_back(i);
+            continue;
+        }
+        auto comps = parse_mixed_components(comp_strs[i]);
+        if (comps.size() < 2) {
+            broken.push_back(i);
+            continue;
+        }
+        for (unsigned int c : comps) {
+            if (c < 1 || c > num_physical) {
+                broken.push_back(i);
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    return broken;
+}
+
+std::vector<unsigned int> expand_mixed_filaments(
+    const std::vector<unsigned int> &extruders_0based,
+    const std::vector<unsigned char> &is_mixed,
+    const std::vector<std::string>  &comp_strs)
+{
+    std::vector<unsigned int> result;
+    for (unsigned int ext : extruders_0based) {
+        if (ext < is_mixed.size() && is_mixed[ext] && ext < comp_strs.size()) {
+            auto comps = parse_mixed_components(comp_strs[ext]);
+            for (unsigned int c : comps)
+                if (c >= 1) result.push_back(c - 1);
+        } else {
+            result.push_back(ext);
+        }
+    }
+    std::sort(result.begin(), result.end());
+    result.erase(std::unique(result.begin(), result.end()), result.end());
+    return result;
+}
+
+void remap_mixed_components_on_delete(
+    const std::vector<unsigned char> &is_mixed,
+    std::vector<std::string>         &comp_strs,
+    unsigned int                      del_1based)
+{
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < is_mixed.size(); ++i) {
+        if (!is_mixed[i]) continue;
+        if (i >= comp_strs.size() || comp_strs[i].empty()) continue;
+
+        auto comps = parse_mixed_components(comp_strs[i]);
+        std::ostringstream ss;
+        for (size_t j = 0; j < comps.size(); ++j) {
+            if (j > 0) ss << ',';
+            if (comps[j] == del_1based)
+                ss << 0;
+            else if (comps[j] > del_1based)
+                ss << (comps[j] - 1);
+            else
+                ss << comps[j];
+        }
+        comp_strs[i] = ss.str();
+    }
+}
+
+std::vector<size_t> check_mixed_filament_type_consistency(
+    const std::vector<unsigned char> &is_mixed,
+    const std::vector<std::string>   &comp_strs,
+    const std::vector<std::string>   &filament_types)
+{
+    std::vector<size_t> result;
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < is_mixed.size(); ++i) {
+        if (!is_mixed[i]) continue;
+        if (i >= comp_strs.size() || comp_strs[i].empty()) continue;
+        auto comps = parse_mixed_components(comp_strs[i]);
+        if (comps.size() < 2) continue;
+
+        std::string ref_type;
+        bool mismatch = false;
+        for (unsigned int c : comps) {
+            if (c == 0) continue; // sentinel for deleted component
+            size_t idx = static_cast<size_t>(c) - 1; // 1-based -> 0-based
+            if (idx >= filament_types.size()) continue;
+            if (ref_type.empty())
+                ref_type = filament_types[idx];
+            else if (filament_types[idx] != ref_type) {
+                mismatch = true;
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+        if (mismatch)
+            result.push_back(i);
+    }
+    return result;
+}
+
+void expand_mixed_slots_in_unprintables(
+    std::vector<std::set<int>>        &unprintables,
+    const std::vector<unsigned char>  &is_mixed,
+    const std::vector<std::string>    &comp_strs)
+{
+    for (auto &unprintable_set : unprintables) {
+        std::set<int> expanded;
+        for (int fid : unprintable_set) {
+            if (fid >= 0 && (size_t)fid < is_mixed.size() && is_mixed[fid]
+                && (size_t)fid < comp_strs.size()) {
+                auto comps = parse_mixed_components(comp_strs[fid]);
+                for (unsigned int c : comps)
+                    if (c >= 1) expanded.insert((int)(c - 1));
+            } else {
+                expanded.insert(fid);
+            }
+        }
+        unprintable_set = std::move(expanded);
+    }
+}
+
+} // namespace Slic3r
diff --git a/src/libslic3r/FilamentMixer.hpp b/src/libslic3r/FilamentMixer.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2ca4182066
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/libslic3r/FilamentMixer.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,144 @@
+#ifndef SLIC3R_FILAMENT_MIXER_HPP
+#define SLIC3R_FILAMENT_MIXER_HPP
+
+#include <limits>
+#include <set>
+#include <string>
+#include <utility>
+#include <vector>
+
+namespace Slic3r {
+
+// Photoshop-style gradient curve control point in [0,1] x [0,1].
+// (x, y) is the anchor position; (m_in, m_out) are optional cubic Hermite tangent
+// overrides. NaN means "use the PCHIP-computed default", which is the case for plain
+// anchors loaded from old 2-field 3MF projects or freshly added via a quick click.
+// A press-and-drag on a curve segment populates m_out of its left anchor and m_in of
+// its right anchor so the segment bends without inserting a new anchor.
+struct GradientAnchor {
+    double x     = 0.0;
+    double y     = 0.0;
+    double m_in  = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+    double m_out = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+};
+
+// Sorted list of GradientAnchor; x in [0,1], y in [kGradientMinRatio, kGradientMaxRatio].
+// Empty means "no custom curve" (callers should fall back to the linear range).
+struct GradientCurve {
+    std::vector<GradientAnchor> points;
+    bool empty() const { return points.empty(); }
+};
+
+// Reserved blend ratio range. Anchor y values (= component 0's ratio) are constrained
+// to this band so the mixed filament never reaches pure 0% / 100% of either physical
+// component, which keeps both extruders flowing and avoids degenerate transitions.
+// Both the editor and the sampler enforce this clamp.
+constexpr double kGradientMinRatio = 0.1;
+constexpr double kGradientMaxRatio = 0.9;
+
+// Parse "x0,y0[,m_in0,m_out0]|x1,y1[,m_in1,m_out1]|..." into a GradientCurve.
+// (Anchors are pipe-separated; the fields within an anchor are comma-separated.)
+// Accepts both the legacy 2-field form (tangents -> NaN) and the new 4-field form
+// (empty token or "nan" preserved as NaN). Returns an empty curve when the input is
+// empty or unparsable. Points are clamped to [0,1] for (x, y) and re-sorted by x.
+GradientCurve parse_gradient_curve(const std::string& s);
+
+// Serialize a GradientCurve back to a string. Emits 4 fields per anchor when any
+// tangent override is finite; emits 2 fields when both tangents are NaN so unchanged
+// projects stay byte-identical with the legacy format. Returns "" when empty.
+std::string serialize_gradient_curve(const GradientCurve& c);
+
+// Sample the curve at t in [0,1] using cubic Hermite with Fritsch-Carlson PCHIP
+// default tangents, optionally overridden per anchor via m_in / m_out. Returns the
+// clamped end values when t is outside the control point range. Returns 0.5 when the
+// curve has fewer than 2 points (a safety fallback; callers should check empty()).
+double sample_gradient_curve(const GradientCurve& c, double t);
+
+// Compute Fritsch-Carlson PCHIP default tangents for a sorted-by-x anchor list.
+// Result size == pts.size(). Useful for callers that need to know what tangent the
+// sampler would synthesize when m_in / m_out are NaN (e.g. the GUI's segment-bend
+// interaction that inserts a virtual anchor and reads back the surrounding tangents).
+std::vector<double> compute_pchip_default_tangents(const std::vector<GradientAnchor>& pts);
+
+void filament_mixer_lerp(unsigned char r1, unsigned char g1, unsigned char b1,
+                         unsigned char r2, unsigned char g2, unsigned char b2,
+                         float t,
+                         unsigned char* out_r, unsigned char* out_g, unsigned char* out_b);
+
+void filament_mixer_lerp_float(float r1, float g1, float b1,
+                               float r2, float g2, float b2,
+                               float t,
+                               float* out_r, float* out_g, float* out_b);
+
+void filament_mixer_lerp_linear_float(float r1, float g1, float b1,
+                                      float r2, float g2, float b2,
+                                      float t,
+                                      float* out_r, float* out_g, float* out_b);
+
+// Blend two hex colors ("#RRGGBB") by ratio (0.0 ~ 1.0 for color_b).
+// Returns "#RRGGBB" string.
+std::string blend_color(const std::string& hex_a, const std::string& hex_b, float ratio_b);
+
+// Blend N hex colors by integer weights using polynomial pigment mixing.
+// Pairwise accumulation via filament_mixer_lerp. Returns "#RRGGBB".
+std::string blend_color_multi(const std::vector<std::string> &hex_colors,
+                              const std::vector<int> &weights);
+
+// Parse comma-separated 1-based component IDs, e.g. "1,3" → {1, 3}.
+std::vector<unsigned int> parse_mixed_components(const std::string &str);
+
+// Parse comma-separated ratio values, e.g. "0.7,0.3" → {0.7, 0.3}.
+// Returns equal ratios (1/n each) when str is empty or invalid.
+// Normalizes so the sum equals 1.0.
+std::vector<double> parse_mixed_ratios(const std::string &str, size_t n_components);
+
+// Returns true if any element in is_mixed is true.
+// ConfigOptionBools stores values as std::vector<unsigned char>.
+bool has_any_mixed_filament(const std::vector<unsigned char> &is_mixed);
+
+// Check which mixed filament slots have broken component references.
+// Returns 0-based indices of mixed slots whose components reference
+// filaments beyond num_physical (i.e., deleted filaments).
+std::vector<size_t> check_mixed_filament_integrity(
+    const std::vector<unsigned char> &is_mixed,
+    const std::vector<std::string>   &comp_strs,
+    size_t num_physical);
+
+// Expand mixed filament slots in an extruder list to their physical components.
+// Input/output are 0-based indices. Non-mixed slots pass through unchanged.
+// Result is sorted and deduplicated.
+std::vector<unsigned int> expand_mixed_filaments(
+    const std::vector<unsigned int> &extruders_0based,
+    const std::vector<unsigned char> &is_mixed,
+    const std::vector<std::string>  &comp_strs);
+
+// Remap mixed filament component references after a physical filament is deleted.
+// del_1based: the 1-based index of the deleted physical filament.
+// For each mixed slot:
+//   - if component == del_1based -> replace with 0 (sentinel for deleted/unselected)
+//   - if component > del_1based -> decrement by 1
+void remap_mixed_components_on_delete(
+    const std::vector<unsigned char> &is_mixed,
+    std::vector<std::string>         &comp_strs,
+    unsigned int                      del_1based);
+
+// Check which mixed filament slots have type-mismatched components.
+// filament_types: type strings for physical filaments (0-based, size == num_physical).
+// Component IDs in comp_strs are 1-based; the function converts to 0-based to look up types.
+// Returns 0-based config indices of mixed slots with mismatched component types.
+std::vector<size_t> check_mixed_filament_type_consistency(
+    const std::vector<unsigned char> &is_mixed,
+    const std::vector<std::string>   &comp_strs,
+    const std::vector<std::string>   &filament_types);
+
+// Expand mixed-slot IDs in geometric unprintable sets to their physical component IDs.
+// Each set entry that corresponds to a mixed slot is replaced by the slot's component
+// IDs (0-based). Non-mixed entries pass through unchanged.
+void expand_mixed_slots_in_unprintables(
+    std::vector<std::set<int>>        &unprintables,
+    const std::vector<unsigned char>  &is_mixed,
+    const std::vector<std::string>    &comp_strs);
+
+} // namespace Slic3r
+
+#endif // SLIC3R_FILAMENT_MIXER_HPP
diff --git a/src/libslic3r/FilamentMixerModel.hpp b/src/libslic3r/FilamentMixerModel.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..89b299471b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/libslic3r/FilamentMixerModel.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,819 @@
+/*
+ * FilamentMixer — Header-only C++ pigment color mixer
+ *
+ * Filament mixer implementation using a degree-4 polynomial regression
+ * trained to approximate Mixbox behavior (Mean Delta-E ~2.07).
+ * This library does not include Mixbox source code, binaries, or data files.
+ *
+ * Usage:
+ *   #include "FilamentMixerModel.hpp"
+ *
+ *   unsigned char r, g, b;
+ *   filament_mixer::lerp(0, 33, 133,  252, 211, 0,  0.5f, &r, &g, &b);
+ *   // r=47, g=141, b=56  (blue + yellow → green)
+ *
+ * No dependencies beyond the C++ standard library.
+ *
+ * MIT License
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2026 Justin Hayes
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+ * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+ * THE SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+#ifndef FILAMENT_MIXER_MODEL_HPP
+#define FILAMENT_MIXER_MODEL_HPP
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <cmath>
+#include <cstdint>
+
+namespace filament_mixer {
+namespace detail {
+
+// BEGIN AUTO-GENERATED COEFFICIENTS
+// Auto-generated by scripts/export_poly_coefficients.py
+// Do not edit manually.
+// Degree-4 polynomial, 330 features, 7 inputs
+
+static const int POLY_DEGREE = 4;
+static const int N_FEATURES = 330;
+static const int N_INPUTS = 7;
+
+static const int POWERS[330][7] = {
+    {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0},
+    {1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0},
+    {0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0},
+    {0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0},
+    {0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0},
+    {0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0},
+    {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0},
+    {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1},
+    {2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0},
+    {1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0},
+    {1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0},
+    {1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0},
+    {1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0},
+    {1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0},
+    {1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1},
+    {0, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0},
+    {0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0},
+    {0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0},
+    {0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0},
+    {0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0},
+    {0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1},
+    {0, 0, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0},
+    {0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0},
+    {0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0},
+    {0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0},
+    {0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1},
+    {0, 0, 0, 2, 0, 0, 0},
+    {0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0},
+    {0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0},
+    {0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1},
+    {0, 0, 0, 0, 2, 0, 0},
+    {0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0},
+    {0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1},
+    {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 2, 0},
+    {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1},
+    {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 2},
+    {3, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0},
+    {2, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0},
+    {2, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0},
+    {2, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0},
+    {2, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0},
+    {2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0},
+    {2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1},
+    {1, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0},
+    {1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0},
+    {1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0},
+    {1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0},
+    {1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0},
+    {1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1},
+    {1, 0, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0},
+    {1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0},
+    {1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0},
+    {1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0},
+    {1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1},
+    {1, 0, 0, 2, 0, 0, 0},
+    {1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0},
+    {1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0},
+    {1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1},
+    {1, 0, 0, 0, 2, 0, 0},
+    {1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0},
+    {1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1},
+    {1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 2, 0},
+    {1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1},
+    {1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 2},
+    {0, 3, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0},
+    {0, 2, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0},
+    {0, 2, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0},
+    {0, 2, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0},
+    {0, 2, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0},
+    {0, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1},
+    {0, 1, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0},
+    {0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0},
+    {0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0},
+    {0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0},
+    {0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1},
+    {0, 1, 0, 2, 0, 0, 0},
+    {0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0},
+    {0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0},
+    {0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1},
+    {0, 1, 0, 0, 2, 0, 0},
+    {0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0},
+    {0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1},
+    {0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 2, 0},
+    {0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1},
+    {0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 2},
+    {0, 0, 3, 0, 0, 0, 0},
+    {0, 0, 2, 1, 0, 0, 0},
+    {0, 0, 2, 0, 1, 0, 0},
+    {0, 0, 2, 0, 0, 1, 0},
+    {0, 0, 2, 0, 0, 0, 1},
+    {0, 0, 1, 2, 0, 0, 0},
+    {0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0},
+    {0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0},
+    {0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1},
+    {0, 0, 1, 0, 2, 0, 0},
+    {0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0},
+    {0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1},
+    {0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 2, 0},
+    {0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1},
+    {0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 2},
+    {0, 0, 0, 3, 0, 0, 0},
+    {0, 0, 0, 2, 1, 0, 0},
+    {0, 0, 0, 2, 0, 1, 0},
+    {0, 0, 0, 2, 0, 0, 1},
+    {0, 0, 0, 1, 2, 0, 0},
+    {0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0},
+    {0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1},
+    {0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 2, 0},
+    {0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1},
+    {0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 2},
+    {0, 0, 0, 0, 3, 0, 0},
+    {0, 0, 0, 0, 2, 1, 0},
+    {0, 0, 0, 0, 2, 0, 1},
+    {0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 2, 0},
+    {0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1},
+    {0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 2},
+    {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 3, 0},
+    {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 2, 1},
+    {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 2},
+    {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 3},
+    {4, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0},
+    {3, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0},
+    {3, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0},
+    {3, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0},
+    {3, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0},
+    {3, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0},
+    {3, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1},
+    {2, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0},
+    {2, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0},
+    {2, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0},
+    {2, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0},
+    {2, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0},
+    {2, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1},
+    {2, 0, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0},
+    {2, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0},
+    {2, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0},
+    {2, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0},
+    {2, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1},
+    {2, 0, 0, 2, 0, 0, 0},
+    {2, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0},
+    {2, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0},
+    {2, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1},
+    {2, 0, 0, 0, 2, 0, 0},
+    {2, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0},
+    {2, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1},
+    {2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 2, 0},
+    {2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1},
+    {2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 2},
+    {1, 3, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0},
+    {1, 2, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0},
+    {1, 2, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0},
+    {1, 2, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0},
+    {1, 2, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0},
+    {1, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1},
+    {1, 1, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0},
+    {1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0},
+    {1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0},
+    {1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0},
+    {1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1},
+    {1, 1, 0, 2, 0, 0, 0},
+    {1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0},
+    {1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0},
+    {1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1},
+    {1, 1, 0, 0, 2, 0, 0},
+    {1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0},
+    {1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1},
+    {1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 2, 0},
+    {1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1},
+    {1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 2},
+    {1, 0, 3, 0, 0, 0, 0},
+    {1, 0, 2, 1, 0, 0, 0},
+    {1, 0, 2, 0, 1, 0, 0},
+    {1, 0, 2, 0, 0, 1, 0},
+    {1, 0, 2, 0, 0, 0, 1},
+    {1, 0, 1, 2, 0, 0, 0},
+    {1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0},
+    {1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0},
+    {1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1},
+    {1, 0, 1, 0, 2, 0, 0},
+    {1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0},
+    {1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1},
+    {1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 2, 0},
+    {1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1},
+    {1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 2},
+    {1, 0, 0, 3, 0, 0, 0},
+    {1, 0, 0, 2, 1, 0, 0},
+    {1, 0, 0, 2, 0, 1, 0},
+    {1, 0, 0, 2, 0, 0, 1},
+    {1, 0, 0, 1, 2, 0, 0},
+    {1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0},
+    {1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1},
+    {1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 2, 0},
+    {1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1},
+    {1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 2},
+    {1, 0, 0, 0, 3, 0, 0},
+    {1, 0, 0, 0, 2, 1, 0},
+    {1, 0, 0, 0, 2, 0, 1},
+    {1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 2, 0},
+    {1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1},
+    {1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 2},
+    {1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 3, 0},
+    {1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 2, 1},
+    {1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 2},
+    {1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 3},
+    {0, 4, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0},
+    {0, 3, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0},
+    {0, 3, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0},
+    {0, 3, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0},
+    {0, 3, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0},
+    {0, 3, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1},
+    {0, 2, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0},
+    {0, 2, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0},
+    {0, 2, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0},
+    {0, 2, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0},
+    {0, 2, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1},
+    {0, 2, 0, 2, 0, 0, 0},
+    {0, 2, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0},
+    {0, 2, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0},
+    {0, 2, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1},
+    {0, 2, 0, 0, 2, 0, 0},
+    {0, 2, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0},
+    {0, 2, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1},
+    {0, 2, 0, 0, 0, 2, 0},
+    {0, 2, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1},
+    {0, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 2},
+    {0, 1, 3, 0, 0, 0, 0},
+    {0, 1, 2, 1, 0, 0, 0},
+    {0, 1, 2, 0, 1, 0, 0},
+    {0, 1, 2, 0, 0, 1, 0},
+    {0, 1, 2, 0, 0, 0, 1},
+    {0, 1, 1, 2, 0, 0, 0},
+    {0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0},
+    {0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0},
+    {0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1},
+    {0, 1, 1, 0, 2, 0, 0},
+    {0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0},
+    {0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1},
+    {0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 2, 0},
+    {0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1},
+    {0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 2},
+    {0, 1, 0, 3, 0, 0, 0},
+    {0, 1, 0, 2, 1, 0, 0},
+    {0, 1, 0, 2, 0, 1, 0},
+    {0, 1, 0, 2, 0, 0, 1},
+    {0, 1, 0, 1, 2, 0, 0},
+    {0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0},
+    {0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1},
+    {0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 2, 0},
+    {0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1},
+    {0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 2},
+    {0, 1, 0, 0, 3, 0, 0},
+    {0, 1, 0, 0, 2, 1, 0},
+    {0, 1, 0, 0, 2, 0, 1},
+    {0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 2, 0},
+    {0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1},
+    {0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 2},
+    {0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 3, 0},
+    {0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 2, 1},
+    {0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 2},
+    {0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 3},
+    {0, 0, 4, 0, 0, 0, 0},
+    {0, 0, 3, 1, 0, 0, 0},
+    {0, 0, 3, 0, 1, 0, 0},
+    {0, 0, 3, 0, 0, 1, 0},
+    {0, 0, 3, 0, 0, 0, 1},
+    {0, 0, 2, 2, 0, 0, 0},
+    {0, 0, 2, 1, 1, 0, 0},
+    {0, 0, 2, 1, 0, 1, 0},
+    {0, 0, 2, 1, 0, 0, 1},
+    {0, 0, 2, 0, 2, 0, 0},
+    {0, 0, 2, 0, 1, 1, 0},
+    {0, 0, 2, 0, 1, 0, 1},
+    {0, 0, 2, 0, 0, 2, 0},
+    {0, 0, 2, 0, 0, 1, 1},
+    {0, 0, 2, 0, 0, 0, 2},
+    {0, 0, 1, 3, 0, 0, 0},
+    {0, 0, 1, 2, 1, 0, 0},
+    {0, 0, 1, 2, 0, 1, 0},
+    {0, 0, 1, 2, 0, 0, 1},
+    {0, 0, 1, 1, 2, 0, 0},
+    {0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0},
+    {0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1},
+    {0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 2, 0},
+    {0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1},
+    {0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 2},
+    {0, 0, 1, 0, 3, 0, 0},
+    {0, 0, 1, 0, 2, 1, 0},
+    {0, 0, 1, 0, 2, 0, 1},
+    {0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 2, 0},
+    {0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1},
+    {0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 2},
+    {0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 3, 0},
+    {0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 2, 1},
+    {0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 2},
+    {0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 3},
+    {0, 0, 0, 4, 0, 0, 0},
+    {0, 0, 0, 3, 1, 0, 0},
+    {0, 0, 0, 3, 0, 1, 0},
+    {0, 0, 0, 3, 0, 0, 1},
+    {0, 0, 0, 2, 2, 0, 0},
+    {0, 0, 0, 2, 1, 1, 0},
+    {0, 0, 0, 2, 1, 0, 1},
+    {0, 0, 0, 2, 0, 2, 0},
+    {0, 0, 0, 2, 0, 1, 1},
+    {0, 0, 0, 2, 0, 0, 2},
+    {0, 0, 0, 1, 3, 0, 0},
+    {0, 0, 0, 1, 2, 1, 0},
+    {0, 0, 0, 1, 2, 0, 1},
+    {0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 2, 0},
+    {0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1},
+    {0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 2},
+    {0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 3, 0},
+    {0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 2, 1},
+    {0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 2},
+    {0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 3},
+    {0, 0, 0, 0, 4, 0, 0},
+    {0, 0, 0, 0, 3, 1, 0},
+    {0, 0, 0, 0, 3, 0, 1},
+    {0, 0, 0, 0, 2, 2, 0},
+    {0, 0, 0, 0, 2, 1, 1},
+    {0, 0, 0, 0, 2, 0, 2},
+    {0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 3, 0},
+    {0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 2, 1},
+    {0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 2},
+    {0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 3},
+    {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 4, 0},
+    {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 3, 1},
+    {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 2, 2},
+    {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 3},
+    {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 4}
+};
+
+static const double COEF[330][3] = {
+    {8.70954844857314666e-12, 1.27926950848359881e-09, -2.06865474316332923e-09},
+    {1.05783308354771544e+00, -8.02119209663359686e-03, -7.88705651445470723e-02},
+    {1.35905954452774837e-02, 8.71267975138422468e-01, 1.04898760410704936e-01},
+    {-4.16452026099768252e-02, 1.75465381596434100e-02, 1.00224594702931546e+00},
+    {4.50321316661211821e-02, -7.11409155427628892e-02, 3.91232300778902690e-03},
+    {1.76675507851922452e-02, -1.32709276116036640e-01, 6.36935270589509828e-02},
+    {-5.23434830565911030e-02, 3.77681739012521722e-02, -2.08691145087504179e-02},
+    {-2.33722556520224792e-03, -1.57542611462692145e-03, -3.05158628452478807e-03},
+    {-8.87678609044812990e-04, 3.83194388837734693e-04, 1.37779212442523083e-03},
+    {-2.11519042076831979e-03, 5.82337362515735358e-04, 2.24055108941204821e-04},
+    {4.61545125563611917e-04, 7.72869451707915893e-04, -1.10800630143346882e-03},
+    {1.05937484157345879e-03, -3.14448681732842211e-04, -1.75129182446198098e-03},
+    {1.49045689016363055e-03, -2.09220860101674106e-04, 5.93100338908187697e-04},
+    {-3.51246656293852696e-04, -8.20743017485394289e-04, 5.71854064480802862e-04},
+    {-9.18204643629581319e-01, -2.27788122702773155e-01, 6.39980793022790623e-02},
+    {9.24243491377523679e-05, 7.32841332381495400e-04, -1.55219718415109450e-03},
+    {7.13695056804217989e-04, -8.46467621879685712e-05, 6.50202947442505750e-04},
+    {1.66640864747485983e-03, -1.24492362771216523e-04, 2.68236502346156410e-04},
+    {-7.20253644860527516e-04, 7.81434220384157334e-04, 1.12661089007361367e-03},
+    {-6.83033334365238206e-05, 7.27742627159490762e-04, -1.78048843835204584e-03},
+    {-3.13431571993316588e-02, -8.57604034845650287e-01, -2.57225920656276863e-01},
+    {-6.47867200595898341e-05, -1.16688982572457655e-03, 1.14174511750260031e-03},
+    {-5.00713925613324338e-04, -6.87598082111323477e-04, 6.20598069880440176e-04},
+    {-8.56716727659588957e-05, 9.74478786593559361e-04, -1.65892838405139512e-03},
+    {6.53468478750158263e-04, 7.51662000672516676e-04, -6.73196326298856570e-04},
+    {-4.42539011000103941e-02, -2.01965359697350230e-02, -9.94663493761314355e-01},
+    {-7.39107395392403087e-04, 5.28870828612476996e-04, 1.00947183860234540e-03},
+    {-2.06577300933763214e-03, 9.60215813758718011e-04, -3.27993888180819421e-04},
+    {3.47783280638377555e-04, 8.41824316850705743e-04, -8.87458944147930993e-04},
+    {1.20960551709587905e+00, -7.07660818059813873e-02, -8.56332806008946491e-03},
+    {2.11116509318935269e-04, 7.68490846994171776e-04, -1.63228995491542417e-03},
+    {6.47698075356516103e-04, -4.20589129268072884e-04, 1.18354001300614896e-03},
+    {-2.78795945253848716e-02, 1.22199201000304547e+00, -2.07383075858847743e-01},
+    {-5.32457386680677347e-05, -9.58027320315790677e-04, 9.89667309649038679e-04},
+    {-9.03932426306289782e-02, -4.00969232187064692e-02, 1.26285611182120072e+00},
+    {-2.19453630740322871e-03, -1.21893190049422620e-03, -1.92293368093085417e-03},
+    {1.72950845415964505e-06, -8.93952511560151819e-09, -6.14874900641340649e-06},
+    {8.02644554976326974e-06, -6.42543741723487294e-06, -6.07103419227907060e-06},
+    {3.20307552755319525e-06, -4.83533743093466500e-06, 9.13563764113473065e-07},
+    {-2.18105804067510178e-06, 6.19595552598436322e-07, 5.21392855381760945e-06},
+    {-2.43310123604345563e-06, 2.17201813434465818e-06, 1.94098874242362718e-07},
+    {-1.56293672065252465e-06, 3.95256011818110372e-06, 1.68792962079201969e-06},
+    {-1.37567295252127852e-03, 3.59746071987262106e-04, 7.38927139000157259e-05},
+    {4.27822004137219658e-06, -8.80187479967658548e-07, 2.29453131891411977e-06},
+    {7.68758937964332534e-06, 2.40909410585557829e-07, 4.69351234070854509e-06},
+    {-2.87166709944317033e-06, 7.60223902901142716e-07, 4.57864913314467992e-06},
+    {-4.01295140267654560e-06, 2.65929275888376483e-06, -2.36575067819565221e-06},
+    {2.32693030513910805e-07, 2.28814396769890308e-06, 1.83526107699893970e-07},
+    {-2.18213927011287265e-03, 1.65013083920367864e-03, 2.31992998847323087e-04},
+    {-7.70829764693697905e-06, 4.23888841240673345e-07, 7.30018322002944087e-06},
+    {-1.23111329452911533e-06, 1.50076529718910084e-06, -1.91139744928209288e-06},
+    {-1.68872756433485760e-06, 1.03254236824697979e-06, -1.72081108163607555e-06},
+    {1.64276928199709460e-06, -4.96350219553231067e-07, -1.46349385185670297e-06},
+    {1.12731767057843682e-03, 5.03104281148445223e-04, 1.36398977654308994e-03},
+    {-1.05449609518089293e-06, -4.06952115309007489e-07, 3.53062441379482783e-06},
+    {-1.98745923822574166e-06, 4.98021943693208180e-07, 3.92645061370218429e-06},
+    {-1.55569377977005097e-07, -4.00262856484093037e-07, -2.49609122397048688e-06},
+    {2.18005022830924673e-03, -4.10275057064835439e-05, -2.59776311836759947e-04},
+    {5.41337439827552225e-07, -1.88603932528607146e-06, -2.06428606152470051e-06},
+    {-6.03243799807140491e-06, -3.75067864464502022e-06, -3.05702776851046742e-06},
+    {2.30038011634901016e-03, -1.32581161861259635e-03, -1.07680096899188406e-03},
+    {4.46773877910556887e-06, 1.85008408528524772e-08, -2.72851357570281713e-06},
+    {-1.49177636513049289e-03, -1.91426739654176659e-04, -1.71206384332753194e-03},
+    {2.31661325589237743e-02, 2.26540538563063554e-01, 5.42330337046266139e-02},
+    {-1.40563059963100256e-06, -4.50551806294901061e-06, 8.87542894832671347e-06},
+    {-1.66780916452391459e-06, 4.12065434881171526e-06, -3.55865035776836702e-06},
+    {2.71536622051954390e-07, -3.08564858926584692e-06, -1.52164363662402047e-06},
+    {2.66659632027280158e-06, -1.19436686895073481e-06, -3.25738306279285683e-06},
+    {-1.43666282346327501e-06, -2.51923473623639690e-06, 5.21205120344175876e-06},
+    {2.82954522469612199e-04, -1.59147454710008968e-03, 1.27685773978167098e-03},
+    {-3.99471240294241303e-06, 9.97323772325767188e-08, -5.28196823261495307e-06},
+    {-6.39858432699424995e-06, -4.59897864440506933e-06, -2.39736149785715891e-06},
+    {2.89457420106498109e-06, -3.10427512149489757e-06, 9.75553221437691631e-07},
+    {-8.96518259720091581e-07, -5.53996694461914366e-06, 1.03733964032237669e-05},
+    {8.82130497168875905e-04, -2.33618402105562365e-03, 1.35100410641244379e-03},
+    {-2.14088521029685841e-06, 2.59005410360388117e-06, -9.78713171504927426e-08},
+    {-4.50668337071552516e-06, 3.58808570076458002e-06, -1.56159349007541082e-06},
+    {-1.52345101244247272e-06, 2.21066768791959578e-06, -2.19555898547246775e-06},
+    {2.07334042074768356e-03, -1.56333498489329517e-03, -5.53762940364141767e-04},
+    {2.22151748134440108e-06, -4.74729938900429749e-07, -3.46744150304684889e-06},
+    {2.95389009221172505e-06, -2.96312023445686329e-06, -9.00385068308695580e-07},
+    {-6.47780848348620771e-04, 2.38772263398574292e-03, -8.93908589731968019e-04},
+    {9.69501567645025819e-07, 2.41432205872957328e-06, 5.56908291093893837e-07},
+    {-6.33392066185247586e-04, 2.38613844267241120e-03, -1.05383725637261472e-03},
+    {6.76250135616376785e-02, -5.57799579151454852e-02, 1.83393652374666566e-01},
+    {3.53986894266120067e-06, 5.92996717102502093e-06, -7.32378536156402804e-06},
+    {5.69667193362453916e-06, 1.20219201908705218e-06, -4.56663805956276925e-06},
+    {7.11494218295222192e-07, 2.93069858359131137e-06, 1.23210839732268429e-07},
+    {-3.41917893741799928e-06, -1.47435291776966751e-06, 1.07397354370819542e-06},
+    {7.30931882734254710e-04, 1.15433149094644884e-03, -2.40026982569019722e-03},
+    {-1.22780859907432871e-06, 2.29287908084027789e-06, 1.84270754640877832e-06},
+    {7.71579140080615178e-07, 2.92378122615943208e-06, -1.91800935486416413e-07},
+    {-3.76107279903559188e-07, -1.83159743461489867e-06, 8.17089655984204466e-07},
+    {-1.10830882430058061e-03, -5.10908079549339251e-04, -1.77835176235151705e-03},
+    {-1.26839781743699406e-06, -2.86942252006448415e-06, 4.47464983859263005e-06},
+    {-1.44518716284694482e-06, -7.03360635528004451e-06, 1.04898109513258675e-05},
+    {-4.98687888007460470e-04, 1.86990180752567262e-03, -1.24341018156770089e-03},
+    {-2.90479801332704790e-06, -9.24272269110706229e-07, 7.56354222045119151e-07},
+    {-1.16451534008294149e-03, -2.34216801827852273e-03, 4.91479264672447288e-03},
+    {-7.70970926241258958e-02, 9.35855573900774423e-02, 1.50623807158846906e-01},
+    {1.14039905307547484e-06, -1.80664235182388840e-07, -5.15527441317074897e-06},
+    {7.50559587697416375e-06, -6.23982034686780714e-06, -5.01245198064126721e-06},
+    {2.37840954889385892e-06, -4.15663063190341991e-06, 1.93118829429697603e-06},
+    {-1.54903048110950777e-03, 2.65832194444263125e-04, 5.34401520444913940e-04},
+    {4.00040634507183718e-06, -2.43965474694277443e-06, 2.88683251413283937e-06},
+    {7.72301916160400559e-06, -9.54300275625495457e-07, 5.50777546561020959e-06},
+    {-2.28103126593574368e-03, 1.02658341009706066e-03, 1.22010567464172614e-03},
+    {-6.32818026002207601e-06, 9.83088209200334157e-07, 5.24316808343458507e-06},
+    {1.37175660779395581e-03, 4.01188715721313943e-04, 7.59370199245276625e-04},
+    {-3.33184694847917573e-01, 7.82846225823195241e-02, -9.94270054263078074e-02},
+    {-1.70108770909324636e-06, -5.10749831734438279e-06, 9.80267482880020635e-06},
+    {-1.79301365419055891e-06, 4.44839673308561508e-06, -3.83837422072638712e-06},
+    {1.71911692904483371e-04, -1.56077480341044431e-03, 1.30725115579017584e-03},
+    {-3.55763938679129477e-06, 1.20558966207589408e-06, -5.94340114624253291e-06},
+    {1.02325453537648178e-03, -1.52640960762801372e-03, 3.10973117856692537e-04},
+    {3.81842873295820109e-03, -3.02114884453467680e-01, 2.78264587142456665e-01},
+    {3.46123498726202961e-06, 5.05929187103208375e-06, -6.85764673719752027e-06},
+    {4.47228353489932293e-04, 9.60672217798415784e-04, -2.19382758010531077e-03},
+    {2.22711833124298791e-01, -4.14141995162802465e-02, -4.27998216564745015e-01},
+    {-1.78271151817048783e-03, -9.81039111371464307e-04, -1.37513011841553174e-03},
+    {3.35305394560947434e-10, -1.26710751613412498e-09, 3.54248685940916630e-09},
+    {-9.26917423371698135e-09, 6.21190912597491263e-09, 1.86942252233812667e-08},
+    {-1.56687696151180944e-09, -5.44315731376698864e-09, 1.93822974337010123e-09},
+    {7.52897716393974292e-10, -3.48923168136394679e-10, -5.94217786087369859e-10},
+    {2.52116855170569920e-10, -2.48216903975251313e-09, 1.01699001303634518e-09},
+    {3.72215577457146729e-09, 4.51910314724912610e-10, -6.15361639422218332e-09},
+    {-2.62088816666700142e-07, 3.23631086683010168e-07, 8.85302852722882894e-07},
+    {-1.30537319842360944e-08, 1.46808588619151692e-08, 2.67574040702101001e-09},
+    {-1.23991327621864045e-08, 2.61298349069072344e-08, -4.58919307373337193e-09},
+    {5.03079244928983371e-09, -6.73783119575777079e-10, -1.13935871848269699e-08},
+    {9.09065785148488459e-09, -1.04304054004966673e-08, -3.23123813816827976e-09},
+    {9.55627910137479830e-10, -1.41129563591135820e-08, -1.75594400131373618e-09},
+    {-1.05549669436946769e-07, 8.47284096194811896e-08, 6.70761880091491625e-07},
+    {-5.92079330008488114e-10, 6.31702118392141188e-09, -4.51534448719925763e-09},
+    {-1.04033970327321867e-09, 4.67775485013532943e-09, 2.79348504744758586e-09},
+    {5.38758108958869997e-09, -9.55380699552144108e-09, 6.16488249338686956e-11},
+    {1.12057409185073453e-09, -3.00645183748393663e-09, -2.14940637510707688e-09},
+    {-6.27004681934967278e-07, 8.59159786402940127e-07, 2.73192537668387470e-07},
+    {7.36784189214745311e-10, -8.12761968838060511e-10, -2.43226564583531868e-09},
+    {1.25546123497244366e-09, -6.98609614602219153e-10, -5.29894812750786315e-09},
+    {-8.88351475714088679e-10, 1.37132565025677167e-09, 1.92497813869541012e-09},
+    {6.10992637326349119e-07, -6.13496367368217277e-07, -2.19901889726877020e-06},
+    {-8.59090437677068053e-11, 2.72772732179404898e-09, 1.54554039011323141e-09},
+    {-4.58798915525804318e-10, 4.54384851966693759e-09, 3.63189350816028877e-09},
+    {9.93115786933340683e-08, 1.63700862245048928e-07, -1.71397937400244449e-07},
+    {-1.62985361318312982e-09, -3.10762126448649312e-09, 1.76193495557419588e-09},
+    {6.27207737564569601e-07, -1.49343052365004934e-06, 8.16168870109573730e-08},
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+    {1.40049266628139435e-09, 1.40747080656922208e-08, -2.58792021839981956e-09},
+    {-2.12330362681090179e-07, -1.30522733223815968e-06, 5.84417623253341567e-07},
+    {-9.33144849909676392e-04, 1.90305575962152547e-03, -8.35564417983726418e-04},
+    {1.81624805201406961e-02, 6.84911174969819458e-02, -2.28291882522520390e-02},
+    {-8.25231299961259879e-09, -1.40227519596081152e-08, 1.78809529925716415e-08},
+    {1.90689491530449118e-07, 7.01057736002264065e-07, -4.26430629252294580e-07},
+    {-5.85146839837499930e-04, -1.07311215649546045e-03, 2.31986890222730339e-03},
+    {-1.05962397073886522e-01, 5.51532131360410807e-02, 1.87542648909451215e-01},
+    {-1.37499370823599516e-03, -8.49619409242363438e-04, -1.18180356709159952e-03}
+};
+
+static const double INTERCEPT[3] = {
+    -1.29208772400146188e+00,
+    6.62251952866635918e+00,
+    -1.35908984683965173e-01
+};
+// END AUTO-GENERATED COEFFICIENTS
+
+inline void compute_poly_features(const double x[7], double out[330]) {
+    for (int i = 0; i < N_FEATURES; ++i) {
+        double val = 1.0;
+        for (int j = 0; j < N_INPUTS; ++j) {
+            if (POWERS[i][j] != 0) {
+                double base = x[j];
+                int exp = POWERS[i][j];
+                // Fast integer exponentiation (max exp = 4)
+                double p = 1.0;
+                for (int e = 0; e < exp; ++e)
+                    p *= base;
+                val *= p;
+            }
+        }
+        out[i] = val;
+    }
+}
+
+} // namespace detail
+
+struct RGB {
+    unsigned char r, g, b;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Mix two RGB colors using polynomial pigment mixing.
+ *
+ * This performs polynomial pigment-style RGB interpolation.
+ *
+ * @param r1,g1,b1  First color (0-255)
+ * @param r2,g2,b2  Second color (0-255)
+ * @param t         Mixing ratio: 0.0 = all color1, 1.0 = all color2
+ * @param out_r,out_g,out_b  Output color (0-255)
+ */
+inline void lerp(unsigned char r1, unsigned char g1, unsigned char b1,
+                 unsigned char r2, unsigned char g2, unsigned char b2,
+                 float t,
+                 unsigned char* out_r, unsigned char* out_g, unsigned char* out_b) {
+    // Clamp t
+    if (t <= 0.0f) {
+        *out_r = r1; *out_g = g1; *out_b = b1;
+        return;
+    }
+    if (t >= 1.0f) {
+        *out_r = r2; *out_g = g2; *out_b = b2;
+        return;
+    }
+
+    double x[7] = {
+        static_cast<double>(r1), static_cast<double>(g1), static_cast<double>(b1),
+        static_cast<double>(r2), static_cast<double>(g2), static_cast<double>(b2),
+        static_cast<double>(t)
+    };
+
+    double features[330];
+    detail::compute_poly_features(x, features);
+
+    // Dot product: features @ COEF + INTERCEPT
+    for (int c = 0; c < 3; ++c) {
+        double sum = detail::INTERCEPT[c];
+        for (int i = 0; i < detail::N_FEATURES; ++i) {
+            sum += features[i] * detail::COEF[i][c];
+        }
+        // Clamp to [0, 255] and truncate (matches numpy astype(int) behavior)
+        int val = static_cast<int>(sum);
+        if (val < 0) val = 0;
+        if (val > 255) val = 255;
+
+        if (c == 0) *out_r = static_cast<unsigned char>(val);
+        else if (c == 1) *out_g = static_cast<unsigned char>(val);
+        else *out_b = static_cast<unsigned char>(val);
+    }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Convenience overload returning an RGB struct.
+ */
+inline RGB lerp(unsigned char r1, unsigned char g1, unsigned char b1,
+                unsigned char r2, unsigned char g2, unsigned char b2,
+                float t) {
+    RGB result;
+    lerp(r1, g1, b1, r2, g2, b2, t, &result.r, &result.g, &result.b);
+    return result;
+}
+
+} // namespace filament_mixer
+
+#endif // FILAMENT_MIXER_MODEL_HPP
diff --git a/src/libslic3r/Format/OBJ.cpp b/src/libslic3r/Format/OBJ.cpp
index 71f7d1e7e2..50826924f4 100644
--- a/src/libslic3r/Format/OBJ.cpp
+++ b/src/libslic3r/Format/OBJ.cpp
@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 #include "../libslic3r.h"
 #include "../Model.hpp"
 #include "../TriangleMesh.hpp"
+#include "../TexturePainting.hpp"
+#include "ResourcePathUtils.hpp"
 
 #include "OBJ.hpp"
 #include "objparser.hpp"
@@ -21,7 +23,7 @@
 
 namespace Slic3r {
 
-bool load_obj(const char *path, TriangleMesh *meshptr, ObjInfo& obj_info, std::string &message)
+bool load_obj(const char *path, TriangleMesh *meshptr, ObjInfo& obj_info, std::string &message, ObjParser::MtlData *out_mtl)
 {
     if (meshptr == nullptr)
         return false;
@@ -98,6 +100,7 @@ bool load_obj(const char *path, TriangleMesh *meshptr, ObjInfo& obj_info, std::s
     its.indices.reserve(num_faces + num_quads);
     if (exist_mtl) {
         obj_info.is_single_mtl = data.usemtls.size() == 1 && mtl_data.new_mtl_unmap.size() == 1;
+        obj_info.usemtls = data.usemtls;
         obj_info.face_colors.reserve(num_faces + num_quads);
     }
     bool has_color = data.has_vertex_color;
@@ -210,14 +213,17 @@ bool load_obj(const char *path, TriangleMesh *meshptr, ObjInfo& obj_info, std::s
     }
     if (meshptr->volume() < 0)
         meshptr->flip_triangles();
+    // Hand the parsed material table back so callers can build a TexturedMesh from it.
+    if (out_mtl)
+        *out_mtl = mtl_data;
     return true;
 }
 
-bool load_obj(const char *path, Model *model, ObjInfo& obj_info, std::string &message, const char *object_name_in)
+bool load_obj(const char *path, Model *model, ObjInfo& obj_info, std::string &message, const char *object_name_in, ObjParser::MtlData *out_mtl)
 {
     TriangleMesh mesh;
 
-    bool ret = load_obj(path, &mesh, obj_info, message);
+    bool ret = load_obj(path, &mesh, obj_info, message, out_mtl);
 
     if (ret) {
         std::string  object_name;
@@ -232,6 +238,144 @@ bool load_obj(const char *path, Model *model, ObjInfo& obj_info, std::string &me
     return ret;
 }
 
+bool obj_to_textured_mesh(
+    const ObjInfo& obj_info,
+    const indexed_triangle_set& its,
+    const ObjParser::MtlData& mtl_data,
+    const std::string& obj_directory,
+    TexturedMesh& out)
+{
+    if (its.vertices.empty() || its.indices.empty() || !obj_info.has_uv_png)
+        return false;
+
+    const size_t nv = its.vertices.size();
+    const size_t nf = its.indices.size();
+
+    // 1. Copy vertices
+    out.vertices.resize(nv);
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < nv; ++i)
+        out.vertices[i] = {its.vertices[i].x(), its.vertices[i].y(), its.vertices[i].z()};
+
+    // 2. Copy face indices
+    out.indices.resize(nf);
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < nf; ++i)
+        out.indices[i] = {its.indices[i][0], its.indices[i][1], its.indices[i][2]};
+
+    // 3. Build per-face UV (uv_coords + uv_indices)
+    // OBJ UV convention: V=0 at bottom (OpenGL); texture sampling expects V=0 at top (like glTF/OpenCV).
+    // Flip V here so downstream code works uniformly.
+    if (!obj_info.uvs.empty()) {
+        const size_t uv_face_count = obj_info.uvs.size();
+        out.uv_coords.resize(uv_face_count * 3);
+        out.uv_indices.resize(nf);
+        for (size_t fi = 0; fi < nf; ++fi) {
+            if (fi < uv_face_count) {
+                int base = static_cast<int>(fi * 3);
+                out.uv_coords[base + 0] = {obj_info.uvs[fi][0].x(), 1.f - obj_info.uvs[fi][0].y()};
+                out.uv_coords[base + 1] = {obj_info.uvs[fi][1].x(), 1.f - obj_info.uvs[fi][1].y()};
+                out.uv_coords[base + 2] = {obj_info.uvs[fi][2].x(), 1.f - obj_info.uvs[fi][2].y()};
+                out.uv_indices[fi] = {base, base + 1, base + 2};
+            } else {
+                out.uv_indices[fi] = {0, 0, 0};
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    // 4. Build material list and load textures from disk
+    // Map: material name -> material index
+    std::map<std::string, int> mtl_name_to_idx;
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < mtl_data.mtl_orders.size(); ++i)
+        mtl_name_to_idx[mtl_data.mtl_orders[i]] = static_cast<int>(i);
+
+    const int num_materials = static_cast<int>(mtl_data.mtl_orders.size());
+    out.material_colors.resize(num_materials, {1.f, 1.f, 1.f, 1.f});
+    out.material_texture_map.resize(num_materials, -1);
+
+    // Map: texture filename -> index in out.textures
+    std::map<std::string, int> png_to_tex_idx;
+
+    for (int mi = 0; mi < num_materials; ++mi) {
+        const std::string& name = mtl_data.mtl_orders[mi];
+        auto it = mtl_data.new_mtl_unmap.find(name);
+        if (it == mtl_data.new_mtl_unmap.end())
+            continue;
+        const auto& mtl = *(it->second);
+
+        // Material color from Kd
+        out.material_colors[mi] = {mtl.Kd[0], mtl.Kd[1], mtl.Kd[2], mtl.Tr};
+
+        // Texture from map_Kd
+        if (mtl.map_Kd.empty())
+            continue;
+
+        auto tex_it = png_to_tex_idx.find(mtl.map_Kd);
+        if (tex_it != png_to_tex_idx.end()) {
+            out.material_texture_map[mi] = tex_it->second;
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        // Resolve texture file path.
+        const boost::filesystem::path requested_tex_path(mtl.map_Kd);
+        const boost::filesystem::path tex_path = requested_tex_path.is_absolute() ?
+            resource_path::resolve_existing_path_case_insensitive(requested_tex_path, "obj_to_textured_mesh: map_Kd") :
+            resource_path::resolve_existing_relative_path_case_insensitive(
+                boost::filesystem::path(obj_directory), requested_tex_path, "obj_to_textured_mesh: map_Kd");
+
+        if (tex_path.empty()) {
+            BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(warning) << "obj_to_textured_mesh: texture not found: " << requested_tex_path;
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        // Read raw file bytes
+        boost::nowide::ifstream file(tex_path.string(), std::ios::binary | std::ios::ate);
+        if (!file.is_open())
+            continue;
+        auto file_size = file.tellg();
+        if (file_size <= 0)
+            continue;
+        file.seekg(0, std::ios::beg);
+
+        TextureImage ti;
+        ti.data.resize(static_cast<size_t>(file_size));
+        file.read(reinterpret_cast<char*>(ti.data.data()), file_size);
+        ti.width = -1;
+        ti.height = -1;
+        ti.channels = 0;
+
+        int new_idx = static_cast<int>(out.textures.size());
+        out.textures.push_back(std::move(ti));
+        png_to_tex_idx[mtl.map_Kd] = new_idx;
+        out.material_texture_map[mi] = new_idx;
+    }
+
+    // 5. Build per-face material_ids from usemtls ranges
+    out.material_ids.resize(nf, -1);
+    if (!obj_info.usemtls.empty()) {
+        for (size_t fi = 0; fi < nf; ++fi) {
+            int face_idx = static_cast<int>(fi);
+            for (size_t k = 0; k < obj_info.usemtls.size(); ++k) {
+                const auto& um = obj_info.usemtls[k];
+                if (face_idx >= um.face_start && face_idx <= um.face_end) {
+                    auto name_it = mtl_name_to_idx.find(um.name);
+                    if (name_it != mtl_name_to_idx.end())
+                        out.material_ids[fi] = name_it->second;
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (out.textures.empty()) {
+        BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(warning) << "obj_to_textured_mesh: no textures loaded";
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(info) << "obj_to_textured_mesh: " << nf << " faces, "
+                            << out.textures.size() << " textures, "
+                            << num_materials << " materials";
+    return true;
+}
+
 bool store_obj(const char *path, TriangleMesh *mesh)
 {
     //FIXME returning false even if write failed.
diff --git a/src/libslic3r/Format/OBJ.hpp b/src/libslic3r/Format/OBJ.hpp
index 2d4370c99a..7338fe0813 100644
--- a/src/libslic3r/Format/OBJ.hpp
+++ b/src/libslic3r/Format/OBJ.hpp
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 #ifndef slic3r_Format_OBJ_hpp_
 #define slic3r_Format_OBJ_hpp_
 #include "libslic3r/Color.hpp"
+#include "objparser.hpp"
 #include <unordered_map>
 namespace Slic3r {
 
@@ -18,6 +19,7 @@ struct ObjInfo {
     std::map<std::string,bool>  pngs;
     std::unordered_map<int, std::string> uv_map_pngs;
     bool              has_uv_png{false};
+    std::vector<ObjParser::ObjUseMtl>      usemtls; // material spans, for texture import
 
 };
 struct ObjDialogInOut
@@ -32,8 +34,18 @@ struct ObjDialogInOut
     std::string lost_material_name{""};
 };
 typedef std::function<void(ObjDialogInOut &in_out)> ObjImportColorFn;
-extern bool load_obj(const char *path, TriangleMesh *mesh, ObjInfo &vertex_colors, std::string &message);
-extern bool load_obj(const char *path, Model *model, ObjInfo &vertex_colors, std::string &message, const char *object_name = nullptr);
+extern bool load_obj(const char *path, TriangleMesh *mesh, ObjInfo &vertex_colors, std::string &message, ObjParser::MtlData *out_mtl = nullptr);
+extern bool load_obj(const char *path, Model *model, ObjInfo &vertex_colors, std::string &message, const char *object_name = nullptr, ObjParser::MtlData *out_mtl = nullptr);
+
+struct TexturedMesh;
+// Build a TexturedMesh (vertices + per-face UVs + decoded texture images) from a parsed OBJ
+// plus its material table, so the texture-to-color importer can sample face colours.
+extern bool obj_to_textured_mesh(
+    const ObjInfo& obj_info,
+    const indexed_triangle_set& its,
+    const ObjParser::MtlData& mtl_data,
+    const std::string& obj_directory,
+    TexturedMesh& out);
 
 extern bool store_obj(const char *path, TriangleMesh *mesh);
 extern bool store_obj(const char *path, ModelObject *model);
diff --git a/src/libslic3r/Format/ResourcePathUtils.hpp b/src/libslic3r/Format/ResourcePathUtils.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d82b92bd45
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/libslic3r/Format/ResourcePathUtils.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,240 @@
+#ifndef slic3r_Format_ResourcePathUtils_hpp_
+#define slic3r_Format_ResourcePathUtils_hpp_
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <cctype>
+#include <cstddef>
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include <boost/filesystem.hpp>
+#include <boost/log/trivial.hpp>
+
+namespace Slic3r {
+namespace resource_path {
+
+inline std::string ascii_lower_copy(const std::string& value)
+{
+    std::string lowered;
+    lowered.reserve(value.size());
+    for (unsigned char ch : value)
+        lowered.push_back(static_cast<char>(std::tolower(ch)));
+    return lowered;
+}
+
+inline boost::filesystem::path portable_path_copy(const boost::filesystem::path& value)
+{
+    std::string portable = value.string();
+    std::replace(portable.begin(), portable.end(), '\\', '/');
+    return boost::filesystem::path(portable);
+}
+
+inline int hex_digit_value(char ch)
+{
+    if (ch >= '0' && ch <= '9') return ch - '0';
+    if (ch >= 'a' && ch <= 'f') return ch - 'a' + 10;
+    if (ch >= 'A' && ch <= 'F') return ch - 'A' + 10;
+    return -1;
+}
+
+// Byte-level percent decoding. Per RFC 3986 the %XX byte stream is expected to be
+// UTF-8 when produced from URIs / Assimp aiString; this function performs no
+// transcoding, so callers must treat both input and output as raw UTF-8 bytes.
+inline std::string percent_decode_copy(const std::string& value)
+{
+    std::string decoded;
+    decoded.reserve(value.size());
+    for (std::size_t i = 0; i < value.size(); ++i) {
+        if (value[i] == '%' && i + 2 < value.size()) {
+            const int hi = hex_digit_value(value[i + 1]);
+            const int lo = hex_digit_value(value[i + 2]);
+            if (hi >= 0 && lo >= 0) {
+                decoded.push_back(static_cast<char>((hi << 4) | lo));
+                i += 2;
+                continue;
+            }
+        }
+        decoded.push_back(value[i]);
+    }
+    return decoded;
+}
+
+inline std::string strip_file_uri_prefix_copy(const std::string& value)
+{
+    const std::string lower = ascii_lower_copy(value);
+    if (lower.rfind("file://", 0) != 0)
+        return value;
+
+    std::string path = value.substr(7);
+    if (ascii_lower_copy(path).rfind("localhost/", 0) == 0)
+        path.erase(0, std::string("localhost").size());
+    else if (!path.empty() && path.front() != '/')
+        path = "//" + path;
+
+    // file:///C:/... should become C:/..., while file:///tmp/... keeps /tmp/...
+    if (path.size() >= 3 && path[0] == '/' && std::isalpha(static_cast<unsigned char>(path[1])) && path[2] == ':')
+        path.erase(path.begin());
+    return path;
+}
+
+inline bool file_uri_has_remote_authority(const std::string& value)
+{
+    const std::string lower = ascii_lower_copy(value);
+    if (lower.rfind("file://", 0) != 0)
+        return false;
+
+    const std::string path = value.substr(7);
+    if (path.empty() || path.front() == '/')
+        return false;
+
+    const std::size_t slash = path.find('/');
+    const std::string authority = path.substr(0, slash);
+    return ascii_lower_copy(authority) != "localhost";
+}
+
+inline bool looks_like_windows_absolute_path(const boost::filesystem::path& path)
+{
+    const std::string portable = portable_path_copy(path).string();
+    return portable.size() >= 3
+        && std::isalpha(static_cast<unsigned char>(portable[0]))
+        && portable[1] == ':'
+        && portable[2] == '/';
+}
+
+inline boost::filesystem::path filename_from_portable_path(const boost::filesystem::path& value)
+{
+    const boost::filesystem::path portable = portable_path_copy(value);
+    return portable.filename();
+}
+
+inline boost::filesystem::path find_child_case_insensitive(
+    const boost::filesystem::path& directory,
+    const boost::filesystem::path& requested_name,
+    const char* context)
+{
+    if (!boost::filesystem::exists(directory) || !boost::filesystem::is_directory(directory))
+        return {};
+
+    const std::string requested_lower = ascii_lower_copy(requested_name.filename().string());
+    std::vector<boost::filesystem::path> matches;
+
+    boost::system::error_code ec;
+    for (boost::filesystem::directory_iterator it(directory, ec), end; !ec && it != end; it.increment(ec)) {
+        if (ascii_lower_copy(it->path().filename().string()) == requested_lower)
+            matches.push_back(it->path());
+    }
+
+    if (matches.size() == 1)
+        return matches.front();
+
+    if (matches.size() > 1) {
+        BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(warning) << context << ": ambiguous case-insensitive resource match for "
+                                   << requested_name << " in " << directory;
+    }
+
+    return {};
+}
+
+inline boost::filesystem::path resolve_existing_path_case_insensitive(
+    const boost::filesystem::path& requested_path,
+    const char* context = "resource_path")
+{
+    const boost::filesystem::path normalized_path = portable_path_copy(requested_path);
+
+    if (normalized_path.empty())
+        return {};
+
+    if (boost::filesystem::exists(normalized_path))
+        return normalized_path;
+
+    boost::filesystem::path current;
+    bool initialized = false;
+
+    for (const boost::filesystem::path& part : normalized_path) {
+        if (part == normalized_path.root_name() || part == normalized_path.root_directory()) {
+            current /= part;
+            initialized = true;
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        if (!initialized) {
+            current = boost::filesystem::current_path();
+            initialized = true;
+        }
+
+        boost::filesystem::path exact = current / part;
+        if (boost::filesystem::exists(exact)) {
+            current = exact;
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        boost::filesystem::path matched = find_child_case_insensitive(current, part, context);
+        if (matched.empty())
+            return {};
+
+        BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(info) << context << ": resolved resource path case-insensitively from "
+                                << exact << " to " << matched;
+        current = matched;
+    }
+
+    return boost::filesystem::exists(current) ? current : boost::filesystem::path();
+}
+
+inline boost::filesystem::path resolve_existing_relative_path_case_insensitive(
+    const boost::filesystem::path& base_dir,
+    const boost::filesystem::path& resource_path,
+    const char* context = "resource_path")
+{
+    const boost::filesystem::path requested = resource_path.is_absolute() ? resource_path : base_dir / resource_path;
+    return resolve_existing_path_case_insensitive(requested, context);
+}
+
+// Resolve a resource path that originated outside our own code (e.g. a glTF/FBX
+// material texture reference or a file:// URI inside a 3MF descriptor).
+//
+// `raw_path` is expected to be UTF-8 regardless of host platform: file URIs are
+// UTF-8 by spec, and Assimp aiString uses UTF-8 internally. Cross-platform
+// correctness on Windows additionally relies on the process having called
+// boost::nowide::nowide_filesystem() during startup (see src/BambuStudio.cpp),
+// which imbues boost::filesystem::path with a UTF-8 codecvt so that
+// `path(std::string)` constructs from UTF-8 byte sequences. Callers that bypass
+// the main entry point (standalone CLI tools, unit tests) must reproduce that
+// setup themselves before invoking this helper.
+inline boost::filesystem::path resolve_external_resource_path(
+    const boost::filesystem::path& base_dir,
+    const std::string& raw_path,
+    const char* context = "resource_path",
+    bool allow_basename_fallback = true)
+{
+    if (raw_path.empty())
+        return {};
+
+    const bool remote_file_uri = file_uri_has_remote_authority(raw_path);
+    const std::string decoded_path = percent_decode_copy(strip_file_uri_prefix_copy(raw_path));
+    const boost::filesystem::path requested = portable_path_copy(boost::filesystem::path(decoded_path));
+
+    boost::filesystem::path resolved = (requested.is_absolute() || looks_like_windows_absolute_path(requested)) ?
+        resolve_existing_path_case_insensitive(requested, context) :
+        resolve_existing_relative_path_case_insensitive(base_dir, requested, context);
+    if (!resolved.empty())
+        return resolved;
+
+    if (!allow_basename_fallback || remote_file_uri)
+        return {};
+
+    const boost::filesystem::path basename = filename_from_portable_path(requested);
+    if (basename.empty())
+        return {};
+
+    resolved = resolve_existing_relative_path_case_insensitive(base_dir, basename, context);
+    if (!resolved.empty()) {
+        BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(info) << context << ": resolved resource by basename from "
+                                << requested << " to " << resolved;
+    }
+    return resolved;
+}
+
+} // namespace resource_path
+} // namespace Slic3r
+
+#endif /* slic3r_Format_ResourcePathUtils_hpp_ */
diff --git a/src/libslic3r/Format/objparser.cpp b/src/libslic3r/Format/objparser.cpp
index 82bf2b4963..6ee117adc9 100644
--- a/src/libslic3r/Format/objparser.cpp
+++ b/src/libslic3r/Format/objparser.cpp
@@ -394,6 +394,7 @@ static bool        mtl_parseline(const char *line, MtlData &data)
 			ObjNewMtl new_mtl;
             cur_mtl_name = line;
             data.new_mtl_unmap[cur_mtl_name] = std::make_shared<ObjNewMtl>();
+            data.mtl_orders.emplace_back(cur_mtl_name);
 			break;
 		}
         case 'm': {
diff --git a/src/libslic3r/Format/objparser.hpp b/src/libslic3r/Format/objparser.hpp
index 48493de3de..58afd015a8 100644
--- a/src/libslic3r/Format/objparser.hpp
+++ b/src/libslic3r/Format/objparser.hpp
@@ -122,6 +122,9 @@ struct MtlData
     // Version of the data structure for load / store in the private binary format.
     int version;
     std::unordered_map<std::string, std::shared_ptr<ObjNewMtl>> new_mtl_unmap;
+    // Material names in declaration order. new_mtl_unmap is unordered, but OBJ material
+    // indices are positional, so texture import needs the original order.
+    std::vector<std::string>                                    mtl_orders;
 };
 extern bool objparse(const char *path, ObjData &data);
 extern bool mtlparse(const char *path, MtlData &data);
diff --git a/src/libslic3r/GCode.cpp b/src/libslic3r/GCode.cpp
index 18d805936e..ba26f7f0da 100644
--- a/src/libslic3r/GCode.cpp
+++ b/src/libslic3r/GCode.cpp
@@ -6557,6 +6557,318 @@ LayerResult GCode::process_layer(
                 }
             }
         }
+
+        // Mixed-color sublayer extrusion: if this extruder is a component of a mixed sublayer
+        // group, extrude the mixed slot's geometry at the appropriate sub-Z with scaled flow.
+        // Ported from BambuStudio's 混色耗材 feature; adapted to Orca's InstanceVisit-based
+        // instance loop and its finer-grained per-role region filament options.
+        for (const auto &grp : layer_tools.mixed_sub_layer_groups) {
+            int sub_idx = -1;
+            for (size_t k = 0; k < grp.components_0based.size(); ++k) {
+                if (grp.components_0based[k] == extruder_id) {
+                    sub_idx = static_cast<int>(k);
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+            if (sub_idx < 0)
+                continue;
+
+            auto mixed_instances_it = filament_to_print_instances.find(grp.mixed_slot_0based);
+            if (mixed_instances_it == filament_to_print_instances.end() || mixed_instances_it->second.first.empty())
+                continue;
+
+            double lh = grp.layer_height > 0. ? grp.layer_height : static_cast<double>(height);
+            double cumulative_h = 0.0;
+            for (int i = 0; i < sub_idx; ++i)
+                cumulative_h += grp.sub_heights[i];
+            double default_sub_h = grp.sub_heights[sub_idx];
+            double default_sub_z = print_z - lh + cumulative_h + default_sub_h;
+
+            m_sub_layer_flow_ratio = default_sub_h / lh;
+            m_sub_layer_height     = default_sub_h;
+            m_nominal_z            = default_sub_z;
+
+            gcode += this->set_extruder(extruder_id, default_sub_z);
+
+            for (InstanceToPrint &instance_to_print : mixed_instances_it->second.first) {
+                const bool use_per_volume = grp.is_gradient
+                    && !grp.per_volume_gradient.empty()
+                    && std::any_of(grp.per_volume_gradient.begin(), grp.per_volume_gradient.end(),
+                                   [&](const auto &kv) { return kv.first.obj == &instance_to_print.print_object; });
+
+                // --- Shared instance preamble (mirrors Orca's main instance loop) ---
+                const LayerToPrint &layer_to_print = layers[instance_to_print.layer_id];
+                const auto &inst = instance_to_print.print_object.instances()[instance_to_print.instance_id];
+
+                bool object_layer_over_raft = layer_to_print.object_layer && layer_to_print.object_layer->id() > 0 &&
+                    instance_to_print.print_object.slicing_parameters().raft_layers() == layer_to_print.object_layer->id();
+                m_config.apply(print.default_region_config());
+                m_config.apply(instance_to_print.print_object.config(), true);
+                m_layer = layer_to_print.layer();
+                m_object_layer_over_raft = object_layer_over_raft;
+                if (m_config.reduce_crossing_wall)
+                    m_avoid_crossing_perimeters.init_layer(*m_layer);
+
+                if (this->config().gcode_label_objects) {
+                    gcode += std::string("; printing object ") + instance_to_print.print_object.model_object()->name +
+                             " id:" + std::to_string(instance_to_print.print_object.get_id()) + " copy " +
+                             std::to_string(inst.id) + "\n";
+                }
+                if (m_enable_exclude_object) {
+                    if (is_BBL_Printer()) {
+                        m_writer.set_object_start_str(
+                            std::string("; start printing object, unique label id: ") +
+                            std::to_string(instance_to_print.label_object_id) + "\n" + "M624 " +
+                            _encode_label_ids_to_base64({instance_to_print.label_object_id}) + "\n");
+                    } else {
+                        const auto gflavor = print.config().gcode_flavor.value;
+                        if (gflavor == gcfKlipper) {
+                            m_writer.set_object_start_str(std::string("EXCLUDE_OBJECT_START NAME=") +
+                                                          get_instance_name(&instance_to_print.print_object, inst.id) + "\n");
+                        } else if (gflavor == gcfMarlinLegacy || gflavor == gcfMarlinFirmware || gflavor == gcfRepRapFirmware) {
+                            m_writer.set_object_start_str(std::string("M486 S") + std::to_string(inst.unique_id) + "\n");
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+
+                m_extrusion_quality_estimator.set_current_object(&instance_to_print.print_object);
+
+                const Point &offset = inst.shift;
+                std::pair<const PrintObject*, Point> this_object_copy(&instance_to_print.print_object, offset);
+                if (m_last_obj_copy != this_object_copy)
+                    m_avoid_crossing_perimeters.use_external_mp_once();
+                m_last_obj_copy = this_object_copy;
+                this->set_origin(unscale(offset));
+
+                // --- Build emission plan ---
+                // Each entry represents one travel_to_z + extrude pass. Per-object mode produces
+                // exactly 1 entry (all regions, single sub_z); per-volume mode produces N entries
+                // for tagged volumes plus an optional entry for untagged residue.
+                struct SubLayerEmitEntry {
+                    double sub_h;
+                    double sub_z;
+                    std::function<bool(size_t region_idx)> region_filter;
+                    bool skip = false;
+                };
+                std::vector<SubLayerEmitEntry> emit_plan;
+
+                auto compute_sub_zh = [&](double r1, double r2, double &out_sub_h, double &out_sub_z) {
+                    std::vector<double> sub_heights_local(grp.components_0based.size());
+                    for (size_t ci = 0; ci < grp.components_0based.size(); ++ci)
+                        sub_heights_local[ci] = (static_cast<int>(ci) == grp.gradient_first_sorted_idx) ? r1 * lh : r2 * lh;
+                    double cum = 0.0;
+                    for (int ci = 0; ci < sub_idx; ++ci)
+                        cum += sub_heights_local[ci];
+                    out_sub_h = sub_heights_local[sub_idx];
+                    out_sub_z = print_z - lh + cum + out_sub_h;
+                };
+
+                auto gradient_ratios = [](const auto &g) -> std::pair<double, double> {
+                    double t  = (g.total_layers > 0) ? (2.0 * g.current_idx + 1.0) / (2.0 * g.total_layers) : 0.5;
+                    // Custom curve wins over linear range when present; OFF path stays bit-identical.
+                    double r1 = g.curve.empty()
+                                ? (g.gradient_start + (g.gradient_end - g.gradient_start) * t)
+                                : sample_gradient_curve(g.curve, t);
+                    return {r1, 1.0 - r1};
+                };
+
+                // Orca splits BBS's three role filaments into five; a region belongs to the slot
+                // when any of its roles is assigned to it.
+                auto region_uses_slot = [](const PrintRegionConfig &rcfg, unsigned int slot_1b) {
+                    return (unsigned int)rcfg.outer_wall_filament_id.value     == slot_1b
+                        || (unsigned int)rcfg.inner_wall_filament_id.value     == slot_1b
+                        || (unsigned int)rcfg.sparse_infill_filament_id.value  == slot_1b
+                        || (unsigned int)rcfg.internal_solid_filament_id.value == slot_1b
+                        || (unsigned int)rcfg.top_surface_filament_id.value    == slot_1b
+                        || (unsigned int)rcfg.bottom_surface_filament_id.value == slot_1b;
+                };
+
+                double obj_sub_z = default_sub_z;
+
+                if (use_per_volume) {
+                    const PrintObject *po = &instance_to_print.print_object;
+                    const unsigned int slot_1b = grp.mixed_slot_0based + 1;
+
+                    // Discover tagged volumes and untagged presence for this instance.
+                    std::set<ObjectID> tagged_volumes_present;
+                    bool has_untagged_for_slot = false;
+                    for (ObjectByExtruder::Island &island : instance_to_print.object_by_extruder.islands) {
+                        for (size_t r = 0; r < island.by_region.size(); ++r) {
+                            const auto &region = island.by_region[r];
+                            if (region.perimeters.empty() && region.infills.empty())
+                                continue;
+                            const PrintRegion &pr = print.get_print_region(r);
+                            if (!region_uses_slot(pr.config(), slot_1b))
+                                continue;
+                            ObjectID vid = pr.gradient_volume_id();
+                            if (vid.valid())
+                                tagged_volumes_present.insert(vid);
+                            else
+                                has_untagged_for_slot = true;
+                        }
+                    }
+
+                    // One entry per tagged volume.
+                    for (const ObjectID &target_vid : tagged_volumes_present) {
+                        auto vg_it = grp.per_volume_gradient.find({po, target_vid});
+                        if (vg_it == grp.per_volume_gradient.end())
+                            continue;
+                        const auto &vg = vg_it->second;
+                        auto [r1, r2] = gradient_ratios(vg);
+
+                        bool vol_no_split = false;
+                        bool skip_entry   = false;
+                        const size_t n = grp.components_0based.size();
+                        if (n == 2 && vg.current_idx + 1 == vg.total_layers) {
+                            const size_t dom_idx = (r1 >= r2) ? 0 : 1;
+                            const unsigned int first_sorted_comp = grp.components_0based[grp.gradient_first_sorted_idx];
+                            const unsigned int other_comp = grp.components_0based[1 - grp.gradient_first_sorted_idx];
+                            const unsigned int dom_0b = (dom_idx == 0) ? first_sorted_comp : other_comp;
+                            const unsigned int oth_0b = (dom_idx == 0) ? other_comp : first_sorted_comp;
+                            if (dom_0b < oth_0b) {
+                                vol_no_split = true;
+                                if (extruder_id != dom_0b)
+                                    skip_entry = true;
+                            }
+                        }
+
+                        double vol_sub_h = default_sub_h;
+                        double vol_sub_z = default_sub_z;
+                        if (vol_no_split) {
+                            vol_sub_h = lh;
+                            vol_sub_z = print_z;
+                        } else {
+                            compute_sub_zh(r1, r2, vol_sub_h, vol_sub_z);
+                        }
+
+                        emit_plan.push_back({vol_sub_h, vol_sub_z,
+                            [target_vid, &print](size_t r) {
+                                return print.get_print_region(r).gradient_volume_id() == target_vid;
+                            },
+                            skip_entry});
+                    }
+
+                    // Optional entry for untagged regions (modifier / painted / fuzzy_skin).
+                    if (has_untagged_for_slot) {
+                        double obj_sub_h = default_sub_h;
+                        auto og_it = grp.per_object_gradient.find(po);
+                        if (og_it != grp.per_object_gradient.end()) {
+                            auto [r1, r2] = gradient_ratios(og_it->second);
+                            compute_sub_zh(r1, r2, obj_sub_h, obj_sub_z);
+                        }
+                        emit_plan.push_back({obj_sub_h, obj_sub_z,
+                            [&print](size_t r) {
+                                return !print.get_print_region(r).gradient_volume_id().valid();
+                            },
+                            false});
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    // Legacy per-object path: single entry, no region filter.
+                    double legacy_sub_h = default_sub_h;
+                    obj_sub_z = default_sub_z;
+                    if (grp.is_gradient) {
+                        auto og_it = grp.per_object_gradient.find(&instance_to_print.print_object);
+                        if (og_it != grp.per_object_gradient.end()) {
+                            auto [r1, r2] = gradient_ratios(og_it->second);
+                            compute_sub_zh(r1, r2, legacy_sub_h, obj_sub_z);
+                        }
+                    }
+                    emit_plan.push_back({legacy_sub_h, obj_sub_z, nullptr, false});
+                }
+
+                // --- Unified emission loop ---
+                auto plan_has_infill = [](const std::vector<ObjectByExtruder::Island::Region> &by_region) {
+                    for (const auto &r : by_region)
+                        if (!r.infills.empty())
+                            return true;
+                    return false;
+                };
+
+                for (auto &entry : emit_plan) {
+                    if (entry.skip)
+                        continue;
+                    m_sub_layer_flow_ratio = entry.sub_h / lh;
+                    m_sub_layer_height     = entry.sub_h;
+                    m_nominal_z            = entry.sub_z;
+                    // Use the same lazy-Z mechanism as change_layer(): set the flag so travel_to
+                    // fires even when m_last_pos coincides with the first extrusion point,
+                    // ensuring Z reaches sub_z via the combined XY+Z move.
+                    m_need_change_layer_lift_z = true;
+
+                    for (ObjectByExtruder::Island &island : instance_to_print.object_by_extruder.islands) {
+                        const auto &src = island.by_region;
+                        std::vector<ObjectByExtruder::Island::Region> subset_storage;
+                        if (entry.region_filter) {
+                            subset_storage.resize(src.size());
+                            for (size_t r = 0; r < src.size(); ++r)
+                                if (entry.region_filter(r))
+                                    subset_storage[r] = src[r];
+                        }
+                        const auto &by_region_specific = entry.region_filter ? subset_storage : src;
+
+                        // Orca resolves infill-first per region inside extrude_perimeters()
+                        // (unlike BBS, which branches on a single global flag), so mirror the
+                        // main instance loop's ordering exactly.
+                        gcode += this->extrude_perimeters(print, by_region_specific, first_layer, false);
+                        if (!has_wipe_tower && need_insert_timelapse_gcode_for_traditional
+                            && printer_structure == PrinterStructure::psI3
+                            && !has_insert_timelapse_gcode && plan_has_infill(by_region_specific)) {
+                            gcode += this->retract(false, false, auto_lift_type, true);
+                            gcode += insert_timelapse_gcode();
+                            has_insert_timelapse_gcode = true;
+                        }
+                        gcode += this->extrude_infill(print, by_region_specific, false);
+                        gcode += this->extrude_perimeters(print, by_region_specific, first_layer, true);
+                        // ironing
+                        gcode += this->extrude_infill(print, by_region_specific, true);
+                    }
+                }
+
+                // --- Shared support ---
+                if (instance_to_print.object_by_extruder.support && !instance_to_print.object_by_extruder.support->empty()) {
+                    if (use_per_volume) {
+                        m_nominal_z = obj_sub_z;
+                        gcode += m_writer.travel_to_z(obj_sub_z, "restore Z for support");
+                    }
+                    ExtrusionRole support_role = instance_to_print.object_by_extruder.support_extrusion_role;
+                    gcode += this->extrude_support(*instance_to_print.object_by_extruder.support, support_role);
+                    // Make sure ironing is the last (Orca names this role erIroning, not erSupportIroning).
+                    if (support_role == erMixed || support_role == erSupportMaterialInterface)
+                        gcode += this->extrude_support(*instance_to_print.object_by_extruder.support, erIroning);
+                }
+
+                // --- Shared instance footer (mirrors Orca's main instance loop) ---
+                if (!m_writer.is_object_start_str_empty()) {
+                    m_writer.set_object_start_str("");
+                } else if (m_enable_exclude_object) {
+                    if (is_BBL_Printer()) {
+                        m_writer.set_object_end_str(std::string("; stop printing object, unique label id: ") +
+                                                    std::to_string(instance_to_print.label_object_id) + "\n" +
+                                                    "M625\n");
+                    } else {
+                        const auto gflavor = print.config().gcode_flavor.value;
+                        if (gflavor == gcfKlipper) {
+                            m_writer.set_object_end_str(std::string("EXCLUDE_OBJECT_END NAME=") +
+                                                        get_instance_name(&instance_to_print.print_object, inst.id) + "\n");
+                        } else if (gflavor == gcfMarlinLegacy || gflavor == gcfMarlinFirmware || gflavor == gcfRepRapFirmware) {
+                            m_writer.set_object_end_str(std::string("M486 S-1\n"));
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            m_sub_layer_flow_ratio = 0.0;
+            m_sub_layer_height     = 0.0;
+        }
+        // Flush any pending object end label before leaving the sublayer block, otherwise the
+        // wipe tower's add_object_end_labels may consume it into a local temp string and the
+        // M625 would be lost for BBL printers.
+        if (!layer_tools.mixed_sub_layer_groups.empty()) {
+            m_writer.add_object_end_labels(gcode);
+            m_nominal_z = print_z;
+            gcode += m_writer.travel_to_z(print_z, "restore Z after sublayers");
+        }
+
     }
     if (first_layer) {
         for (auto iter = by_extruder.begin(); iter != by_extruder.end(); ++iter) {
@@ -7634,6 +7946,15 @@ std::string GCode::_extrude(const ExtrusionPath &path, std::string description,
         }
     }
 
+    // Mixed-color sublayer: this path belongs to one sub-layer of a split layer, so scale the
+    // flow down to that sub-layer's share of the nominal layer height and report the sub-height
+    // as the effective extrusion height. Inert (ratio == 0) outside the sublayer emission block.
+    float effective_height = path.height;
+    if (m_sub_layer_flow_ratio > 0.0) {
+        _mm3_per_mm *= m_sub_layer_flow_ratio;
+        effective_height = static_cast<float>(m_sub_layer_height);
+    }
+
     // Effective extrusion length per distance unit = (filament_flow_ratio/cross_section) * mm3_per_mm / print flow ratio
     // m_writer.extruder()->e_per_mm3() below is (filament flow ratio / cross-sectional area)
     double e_per_mm = m_writer.filament()->e_per_mm3() * _mm3_per_mm;
@@ -7933,8 +8254,8 @@ std::string GCode::_extrude(const ExtrusionPath &path, std::string description,
         gcode += buf;
     }
 
-    if (last_was_wipe_tower || std::abs(m_last_height - path.height) > EPSILON) {
-        m_last_height = path.height;
+    if (last_was_wipe_tower || std::abs(m_last_height - effective_height) > EPSILON) {
+        m_last_height = effective_height;
         sprintf(buf, ";%s%g\n", GCodeProcessor::reserved_tag(GCodeProcessor::ETags::Height).c_str(), m_last_height);
         gcode += buf;
     }
diff --git a/src/libslic3r/GCode.hpp b/src/libslic3r/GCode.hpp
index 6bdb04a8a9..990bf0fee7 100644
--- a/src/libslic3r/GCode.hpp
+++ b/src/libslic3r/GCode.hpp
@@ -747,6 +747,11 @@ private:
     Print* m_curr_print = nullptr;
     unsigned int m_toolchange_count;
     coordf_t m_nominal_z;
+    // Mixed-color sublayer state. Non-zero only while emitting a mixed slot's sub-layer:
+    // scales extrusion flow to the sub-layer's share of the nominal layer height, and
+    // reports that sub-height as the effective extrusion height. Reset to 0 afterwards.
+    double   m_sub_layer_flow_ratio = 0.0;
+    double   m_sub_layer_height     = 0.0;
     bool m_need_change_layer_lift_z = false;
     int m_start_gcode_filament = -1;
     std::string m_filament_instances_code;
diff --git a/src/libslic3r/GCode/ToolOrdering.cpp b/src/libslic3r/GCode/ToolOrdering.cpp
index f37025d4e7..19f8fddb93 100644
--- a/src/libslic3r/GCode/ToolOrdering.cpp
+++ b/src/libslic3r/GCode/ToolOrdering.cpp
@@ -7,6 +7,8 @@
 #include "GCode/ToolOrderUtils.hpp"
 #include "FilamentGroupUtils.hpp"
 #include "MultiNozzleUtils.hpp"
+#include "FilamentMixer.hpp"
+#include "LocalesUtils.hpp"
 #include "Utils.hpp"
 #include "I18N.hpp"
 
@@ -22,8 +24,13 @@
 #endif
 
 #include <cassert>
+#include <cstdio>
 #include <limits>
 #include <algorithm>
+#include <map>
+#include <numeric>
+#include <queue>
+#include <set>
 #include <unordered_map>
 
 #include <libslic3r.h>
@@ -402,7 +409,9 @@ void ToolOrdering::sort_and_build_data(const Print& print, unsigned int first_ex
     // if first extruder is -1, we can decide the first layer tool order before doing reorder function
     // so we shouldn't reorder first layer in reorder function
     bool reorder_first_layer = (first_extruder != (unsigned int)(-1));
+    this->resolve_mixed_filaments(print.config());
     reorder_extruders_for_minimum_flush_volume(reorder_first_layer);
+    this->enforce_mixed_component_order();
     m_sorted = true;
 
     double max_layer_height = 0.;
@@ -422,6 +431,9 @@ void ToolOrdering::sort_and_build_data(const Print& print, unsigned int first_ex
     this->fill_wipe_tower_partitions(print.config(), object_bottom_z, max_layer_height);
     if (this->insert_wipe_tower_extruder()) {
         reorder_extruders_for_minimum_flush_volume(reorder_first_layer);
+        // Orca reorders a second time here (BBS has no such path); re-enforce so the
+        // mixed sub-layer component order survives the extra pass.
+        this->enforce_mixed_component_order();
         this->fill_wipe_tower_partitions(print.config(), object_bottom_z, max_layer_height);
     }
 
@@ -433,7 +445,9 @@ void ToolOrdering::sort_and_build_data(const PrintObject& object , unsigned int
     // if first extruder is -1, we can decide the first layer tool order before doing reorder function
     // so we shouldn't reorder first layer in reorder function
     bool reorder_first_layer = (first_extruder != (unsigned int)(-1));
+    this->resolve_mixed_filaments(object.print()->config());
     reorder_extruders_for_minimum_flush_volume(reorder_first_layer);
+    this->enforce_mixed_component_order();
     m_sorted = true;
 
     double max_layer_height = calc_max_layer_height(object.print()->config(), object.config().layer_height);
@@ -441,6 +455,9 @@ void ToolOrdering::sort_and_build_data(const PrintObject& object , unsigned int
     this->fill_wipe_tower_partitions(object.print()->config(), object.layers().front()->print_z - object.layers().front()->height, max_layer_height);
     if (this->insert_wipe_tower_extruder()) {
         reorder_extruders_for_minimum_flush_volume(reorder_first_layer);
+        // Orca reorders a second time here (BBS has no such path); re-enforce so the
+        // mixed sub-layer component order survives the extra pass.
+        this->enforce_mixed_component_order();
         this->fill_wipe_tower_partitions(object.print()->config(), object.layers().front()->print_z - object.layers().front()->height, max_layer_height);
     }
 
@@ -723,6 +740,38 @@ void ToolOrdering::collect_extruders(const PrintObject &object, const std::vecto
 	it_per_layer_extruder_override = per_layer_extruder_switches.begin();
     unsigned int extruder_override = 0;
 
+    // Pre-compute 1-based IDs of mixed filament slots for per-object tracking.
+    // mixed_slots_1based covers ALL mixed slots (needed by calc_slot_lh for
+    // accurate layer height when a slot skips layers). gradient_slots_1based
+    // and per_part_slots_1based are subsets for gradient-specific logic.
+    std::set<unsigned int> mixed_slots_1based;
+    std::set<unsigned int> gradient_slots_1based;
+    std::set<unsigned int> per_part_slots_1based;
+    {
+        const PrintConfig &cfg       = object.print()->config();
+        const auto        &is_mixed  = cfg.filament_is_mixed.values;
+        const auto        &grad_flags = cfg.filament_mixed_gradient.values;
+        const auto        &per_part_flags = cfg.filament_mixed_gradient_per_part.values;
+        const auto        &comp_strs = cfg.filament_mixed_components.values;
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < is_mixed.size(); ++i) {
+            if (!is_mixed[i])
+                continue;
+            auto comps = parse_mixed_components(i < comp_strs.size() ? comp_strs[i] : "");
+            if (comps.size() < 2)
+                continue;
+            mixed_slots_1based.insert(static_cast<unsigned int>(i + 1));
+            // Gradient/per-part are only defined for 2-component slots; keep their
+            // tracking limited to them (mirrors the is_gradient guard at resolve time).
+            if (comps.size() != 2)
+                continue;
+            if (i >= grad_flags.size() || !grad_flags[i])
+                continue;
+            gradient_slots_1based.insert(static_cast<unsigned int>(i + 1));
+            if (i < per_part_flags.size() && per_part_flags[i])
+                per_part_slots_1based.insert(static_cast<unsigned int>(i + 1));
+        }
+    }
+
     // BBS: collect first layer extruders of an object's wall, which will be used by brim generator
     int layerCount = 0;
     std::vector<int> firstLayerExtruders;
@@ -732,6 +781,9 @@ void ToolOrdering::collect_extruders(const PrintObject &object, const std::vecto
     for (auto layer : object.layers()) {
         LayerTools &layer_tools = this->tools_for_layer(layer->print_z);
 
+        m_object_all_layer_indices[&object].push_back(
+            static_cast<size_t>(&layer_tools - m_layer_tools.data()));
+
         // Override extruder with the next
     	for (; it_per_layer_extruder_override != per_layer_extruder_switches.end() && it_per_layer_extruder_override->first < layer->print_z + EPSILON; ++ it_per_layer_extruder_override)
     		extruder_override = (int)it_per_layer_extruder_override->second;
@@ -739,6 +791,9 @@ void ToolOrdering::collect_extruders(const PrintObject &object, const std::vecto
         // Store the current extruder override (set to zero if no overriden), so that layer_tools.wiping_extrusions().is_overridable_and_mark() will use it.
         layer_tools.extruder_override = extruder_override;
 
+        // Snapshot extruders before this object's regions to track new additions.
+        const size_t ext_snapshot = layer_tools.extruders.size();
+
         // What extruders are required to print this object layer?
         for (const LayerRegion *layerm : layer->regions()) {
             const PrintRegion &region = layerm->region();
@@ -805,6 +860,54 @@ void ToolOrdering::collect_extruders(const PrintObject &object, const std::vecto
             if (has_internal_solid || has_top_solid_surface || has_bottom_surface || has_infill)
                 layer_tools.has_object = true;
         }
+
+        // Record mixed slot usage for this object at this layer.
+        // All mixed slots are tracked (not just gradient) so that calc_slot_lh
+        // can compute accurate layer heights even when a slot skips layers.
+        if (!mixed_slots_1based.empty()) {
+            size_t layer_idx = static_cast<size_t>(&layer_tools - m_layer_tools.data());
+            std::set<unsigned int> seen;
+            for (size_t ei = ext_snapshot; ei < layer_tools.extruders.size(); ++ei) {
+                unsigned int ext_1based = layer_tools.extruders[ei];
+                if (mixed_slots_1based.count(ext_1based) && seen.insert(ext_1based).second)
+                    m_mixed_object_layers[ext_1based - 1][&object].push_back(layer_idx);
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Per-part gradient: walk LayerRegions and record which (slot, ModelVolume) pairs
+        // contributed to this layer. Only regions tagged by PrintApply.cpp's get_create_region
+        // (i.e. gradient_volume_id().valid()) are considered, so this loop is a strict no-op
+        // unless per_part_gradient is enabled for at least one slot AND the corresponding
+        // ModelObject has >=2 model-part volumes using that slot. The per-object pass above is
+        // unaffected — both run the same layer's data through orthogonal containers.
+        if (!per_part_slots_1based.empty()) {
+            size_t layer_idx = static_cast<size_t>(&layer_tools - m_layer_tools.data());
+            std::set<std::pair<unsigned int, ObjectID>> vol_seen;
+            for (const LayerRegion *layerm : layer->regions()) {
+                if (layerm->slices.empty())
+                    continue;
+                const PrintRegion &region = layerm->region();
+                ObjectID vol_id = region.gradient_volume_id();
+                if (! vol_id.valid())
+                    continue;
+                const PrintRegionConfig &rcfg = region.config();
+                // Orca splits BBS's three role slots into five; cover them all so a mixed
+                // slot used by any role is tracked.
+                const unsigned int role_slots[5] = {
+                    static_cast<unsigned int>(rcfg.outer_wall_filament_id.value),
+                    static_cast<unsigned int>(rcfg.inner_wall_filament_id.value),
+                    static_cast<unsigned int>(rcfg.sparse_infill_filament_id.value),
+                    static_cast<unsigned int>(rcfg.top_surface_filament_id.value),
+                    static_cast<unsigned int>(rcfg.bottom_surface_filament_id.value),
+                };
+                for (unsigned int ext_1based : role_slots) {
+                    if (ext_1based >= 1
+                        && per_part_slots_1based.count(ext_1based)
+                        && vol_seen.insert({ext_1based, vol_id}).second)
+                        m_gradient_volume_layers[ext_1based - 1][{&object, vol_id}].push_back(layer_idx);
+                }
+            }
+        }
         layerCount++;
     }
 
@@ -1945,6 +2048,594 @@ MultiNozzleUtils::LayeredNozzleGroupResult ToolOrdering::build_sequential_group_
     return result ? *result : MultiNozzleUtils::LayeredNozzleGroupResult();
 }
 
+static double snap_to_simple_fraction(double r, int max_denom = 10)
+{
+    double best_r = r;
+    double best_err = 1.0;
+    for (int q = 1; q <= max_denom; ++q) {
+        int p = (int)std::round(r * q);
+        if (p < 0) p = 0;
+        if (p > q) p = q;
+        double candidate = (double)p / q;
+        double err = std::abs(candidate - r);
+        if (err < best_err) {
+            best_err = err;
+            best_r = candidate;
+        }
+    }
+    return best_r;
+}
+
+void ToolOrdering::resolve_mixed_filaments(const PrintConfig &config)
+{
+    const auto &is_mixed = config.filament_is_mixed.values;
+    const auto &comp_strs = config.filament_mixed_components.values;
+    const auto &ratio_strs = config.filament_mixed_sublayer_ratios.values;
+
+    if (!has_any_mixed_filament(is_mixed))
+        return;
+
+    const bool sublayer_enabled = config.enable_mixed_color_sublayer.value;
+
+    struct SlotInfo {
+        std::vector<unsigned int> components; // 1-based
+        std::vector<double>       ratios;
+        std::vector<long long>    accum;     // deficit accumulator (integer, unit: 1e-6 mm)
+    };
+    std::vector<SlotInfo> slots(is_mixed.size());
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < is_mixed.size(); ++i) {
+        if (!is_mixed[i])
+            continue;
+        slots[i].components = parse_mixed_components(i < comp_strs.size() ? comp_strs[i] : "");
+        if (slots[i].components.size() < 2) {
+            slots[i].components.clear();
+            continue;
+        }
+        for (unsigned int cid : slots[i].components) {
+            unsigned int idx0 = cid - 1;
+            if (idx0 >= is_mixed.size() || (idx0 < is_mixed.size() && is_mixed[idx0])) {
+                slots[i].components.clear();
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+        if (slots[i].components.empty())
+            continue;
+        slots[i].ratios = parse_mixed_ratios(
+            i < ratio_strs.size() ? ratio_strs[i] : "", slots[i].components.size());
+        if (!sublayer_enabled) {
+            for (double &r : slots[i].ratios)
+                r = snap_to_simple_fraction(r);
+            double sum = 0;
+            for (double r : slots[i].ratios) sum += r;
+            if (sum > 0)
+                for (double &r : slots[i].ratios) r /= sum;
+        }
+        slots[i].accum.assign(slots[i].components.size(), 0LL);
+    }
+
+    // Parse gradient settings per slot
+    const auto &gradient_flags = config.filament_mixed_gradient.values;
+    const auto &gradient_range_strs = config.filament_mixed_gradient_range.values;
+    const auto &gradient_curve_strs = config.filament_mixed_gradient_curve.values;
+    struct GradientInfo {
+        double        start = 0.10;
+        double        end_val = 0.90;
+        GradientCurve curve;  // empty -> use linear (start, end_val); non-empty wins
+    };
+    std::vector<bool> is_gradient(is_mixed.size(), false);
+    std::vector<GradientInfo> gradient_info(is_mixed.size());
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < is_mixed.size(); ++i) {
+        if (!is_mixed[i] || slots[i].components.size() != 2)
+            continue;
+        if (i >= gradient_flags.size() || !gradient_flags[i])
+            continue;
+        is_gradient[i] = true;
+        if (i < gradient_range_strs.size() && !gradient_range_strs[i].empty()) {
+            CNumericLocalesSetter c_locale_setter;
+            float v0 = 0, v1 = 0;
+            if (std::sscanf(gradient_range_strs[i].c_str(), "%f,%f", &v0, &v1) == 2 &&
+                v0 > 0 && v0 < 1.0 && v1 > 0 && v1 < 1.0) {
+                gradient_info[i].start   = v0;
+                gradient_info[i].end_val = v1;
+            }
+        }
+        if (i < gradient_curve_strs.size() && !gradient_curve_strs[i].empty())
+            gradient_info[i].curve = parse_gradient_curve(gradient_curve_strs[i]);
+    }
+
+    // Pass 1: identify continuous runs for each gradient slot (Per-Run).
+    // A "run" is a maximal sequence of consecutive layers where the slot appears.
+    struct GradientRunInfo {
+        std::vector<size_t> run_lengths;
+        int                 current_run = -1;
+        size_t              current_idx = 0;
+        bool                prev_appeared = false;
+        bool                last_absent_was_relevant = false;
+    };
+    std::map<unsigned int, GradientRunInfo> gradient_runs;
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < is_mixed.size(); ++i)
+        if (is_gradient[i]) gradient_runs[static_cast<unsigned int>(i)] = {};
+
+    // Build per-slot sets of all layer indices where any slot-owning object has a
+    // layer.  Used by gradient run detection (a gap is real only if the slot is
+    // absent at a layer belonging to one of its own objects) and by calc_slot_lh
+    // to keep prev_relevant_z_for_slot current even when a slot skips many layers.
+    std::map<unsigned int, std::set<size_t>> slot_relevant_layers;
+    for (auto &[slot_idx, obj_map] : m_mixed_object_layers) {
+        for (auto &[obj, _] : obj_map) {
+            auto it = m_object_all_layer_indices.find(obj);
+            if (it != m_object_all_layer_indices.end())
+                slot_relevant_layers[slot_idx].insert(it->second.begin(), it->second.end());
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (!gradient_runs.empty()) {
+        for (size_t li = 0; li < m_layer_tools.size(); ++li) {
+            if (li == 0) continue;
+            const auto &lt = m_layer_tools[li];
+            for (auto &[slot, run] : gradient_runs) {
+                bool here = std::find(lt.extruders.begin(), lt.extruders.end(), slot) != lt.extruders.end();
+                if (here) {
+                    bool real_gap = false;
+                    if (!run.prev_appeared && !run.run_lengths.empty()) {
+                        real_gap = run.last_absent_was_relevant;
+                    }
+                    if (run.run_lengths.empty() || real_gap)
+                        run.run_lengths.push_back(0);
+                    run.run_lengths.back()++;
+                    run.last_absent_was_relevant = false;
+                } else if (!run.run_lengths.empty()) {
+                    auto rel_it = slot_relevant_layers.find(slot);
+                    if (rel_it != slot_relevant_layers.end() && rel_it->second.count(li))
+                        run.last_absent_was_relevant = true;
+                }
+                run.prev_appeared = here;
+            }
+        }
+        for (auto &[slot, run] : gradient_runs) {
+            run.current_run = -1;
+            run.current_idx = 0;
+            run.prev_appeared = false;
+            run.last_absent_was_relevant = false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Per-object gradient: pre-compute per-object runs (respecting Z gaps within each object).
+    struct PerObjRunState {
+        std::vector<size_t> run_start_offsets; // index into layer_indices where each run starts
+        std::vector<size_t> run_lengths;
+        int                 current_run = -1;
+        size_t              current_idx = 0;
+    };
+
+    // Detect whether a gap between two consecutive gradient-slot appearances is a
+    // real run break.  A gap is real only if the object has its own layer inside the
+    // gap that does NOT use the gradient slot (i.e. the slot was genuinely absent).
+    // Uses lower_bound to skip global indices that don't belong to the object.
+    auto has_real_gap = [](size_t prev_idx, size_t cur_idx,
+                           const std::set<size_t>& obj_set,
+                           const std::set<size_t>& slot_set) -> bool {
+        for (auto it = obj_set.lower_bound(prev_idx + 1);
+             it != obj_set.end() && *it < cur_idx; ++it) {
+            if (!slot_set.count(*it))
+                return true;
+        }
+        return false;
+    };
+
+    // Segment a sorted list of layer indices into runs, using has_real_gap to decide
+    // where to break.  Shared by the per-object and per-volume paths below.
+    auto segment_runs = [&](const std::vector<size_t>& layer_indices,
+                            const std::set<size_t>& obj_set,
+                            const std::set<size_t>& slot_set) -> PerObjRunState {
+        PerObjRunState st;
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < layer_indices.size(); ++i) {
+            bool new_run = (i == 0) ||
+                           has_real_gap(layer_indices[i - 1], layer_indices[i], obj_set, slot_set);
+            if (new_run) {
+                st.run_start_offsets.push_back(i);
+                st.run_lengths.push_back(0);
+            }
+            st.run_lengths.back()++;
+        }
+        return st;
+    };
+
+    std::map<unsigned int, std::map<const PrintObject*, PerObjRunState>> per_obj_runs;
+    for (auto &[slot, obj_map] : m_mixed_object_layers) {
+        if (slot >= is_gradient.size() || !is_gradient[slot])
+            continue;
+        for (auto &[obj, layer_indices] : obj_map) {
+            sort_remove_duplicates(layer_indices);
+            // Erase layer 0 — this mutation is also relied upon by the Pass 2 binary_search below.
+            if (!layer_indices.empty() && layer_indices.front() == 0)
+                layer_indices.erase(layer_indices.begin());
+
+            const auto &all_obj_layers = m_object_all_layer_indices[obj];
+            std::set<size_t> all_obj_set(all_obj_layers.begin(), all_obj_layers.end());
+            std::set<size_t> grad_set(layer_indices.begin(), layer_indices.end());
+
+            per_obj_runs[slot][obj] = segment_runs(layer_indices, all_obj_set, grad_set);
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Per-volume gradient: mirror the per-object run-segmentation logic above for
+    // m_gradient_volume_layers. When per_part_gradient is off (or no qualifying volume exists),
+    // m_gradient_volume_layers is empty and per_vol_runs ends up empty too — so all subsequent
+    // checks of `per_vol_runs.find(slot) != end()` will fail and the legacy per-object path
+    // remains the only path taken.
+    using VolumeKey = LayerTools::MixedSubLayerGroup::VolumeKey;
+    std::map<unsigned int, std::map<VolumeKey, PerObjRunState>> per_vol_runs;
+    for (auto &[slot, vol_map] : m_gradient_volume_layers) {
+        if (slot >= is_gradient.size() || !is_gradient[slot])
+            continue;
+        for (auto &[vkey, layer_indices] : vol_map) {
+            sort_remove_duplicates(layer_indices);
+            if (!layer_indices.empty() && layer_indices.front() == 0)
+                layer_indices.erase(layer_indices.begin());
+
+            const auto &all_obj_layers = m_object_all_layer_indices[vkey.obj];
+            std::set<size_t> all_obj_set(all_obj_layers.begin(), all_obj_layers.end());
+            std::set<size_t> vol_grad_set(layer_indices.begin(), layer_indices.end());
+
+            per_vol_runs[slot][vkey] = segment_runs(layer_indices, all_obj_set, vol_grad_set);
+        }
+    }
+    // Pass 2: resolve per layer
+    coordf_t prev_print_z = 0.;
+    // Track last print_z per mixed slot so that layer height is computed from the
+    // slot's own previous appearance, not from a global Z that may include layers
+    // belonging only to other objects with different layer heights.
+    std::map<unsigned int, coordf_t> prev_print_z_for_slot;
+    // Track the last Z where a slot-owning object had ANY layer (regardless of
+    // whether the slot was present). Used to detect genuine gaps: if the slot was
+    // absent but its owner objects had layers, prev_relevant_z advances while
+    // prev_print_z_for_slot stays stale. Taking the max of both gives correct lh.
+    std::map<unsigned int, coordf_t> prev_relevant_z_for_slot;
+
+    // Compute the effective layer height for a mixed slot by choosing the best
+    // reference Z among: (1) the slot's own last Z, (2) the last Z where the
+    // slot's owning object had any layer, (3) the global previous Z as fallback
+    // when the slot appears for the first time.
+    auto calc_slot_lh = [&](unsigned int ext, coordf_t print_z) -> double {
+        auto slot_pz_it = prev_print_z_for_slot.find(ext);
+        auto rel_pz_it  = prev_relevant_z_for_slot.find(ext);
+        coordf_t base_z = prev_print_z;
+        if (slot_pz_it != prev_print_z_for_slot.end()) {
+            base_z = slot_pz_it->second;
+            if (rel_pz_it != prev_relevant_z_for_slot.end())
+                base_z = std::max(base_z, rel_pz_it->second);
+        }
+        double lh = print_z - base_z;
+        return (lh > 0.) ? lh : 0.2;  // 0.2mm safety fallback; should not trigger in normal operation
+    };
+
+    for (LayerTools &lt : m_layer_tools) {
+        size_t layer_idx = static_cast<size_t>(&lt - m_layer_tools.data());
+
+        // Update gradient run state (skip first layer to match counting).
+        if (layer_idx > 0) {
+            for (auto &[slot, run] : gradient_runs) {
+                bool here = std::find(lt.extruders.begin(), lt.extruders.end(), slot) != lt.extruders.end();
+                if (here) {
+                    if (!run.prev_appeared) {
+                        if (run.last_absent_was_relevant || run.current_run < 0) {
+                            run.current_run++;
+                            run.current_idx = 0;
+                        }
+                    }
+                    run.last_absent_was_relevant = false;
+                } else {
+                    auto rel_it = slot_relevant_layers.find(slot);
+                    if (rel_it != slot_relevant_layers.end() && rel_it->second.count(layer_idx))
+                        run.last_absent_was_relevant = true;
+                }
+                run.prev_appeared = here;
+            }
+        }
+
+        std::vector<unsigned int> new_extruders;
+        for (unsigned int ext : lt.extruders) {
+            if (ext >= slots.size() || slots[ext].components.empty()) {
+                new_extruders.push_back(ext);
+                continue;
+            }
+            auto &s = slots[ext];
+
+            // Skip sublayer splitting for the first layer to preserve bed adhesion.
+            if (sublayer_enabled && layer_idx > 0) {
+                double lh = calc_slot_lh(ext, lt.print_z);
+                size_t n = s.components.size();
+
+                std::vector<double> sub_heights;
+                bool gradient_last_no_split = false;
+                unsigned int gradient_last_dominant_0b = 0;
+                if (is_gradient[ext] && n == 2) {
+                    auto gr_it = gradient_runs.find(ext);
+                    if (gr_it != gradient_runs.end() && gr_it->second.current_run >= 0 &&
+                        static_cast<size_t>(gr_it->second.current_run) < gr_it->second.run_lengths.size()) {
+                        auto &run  = gr_it->second;
+                        size_t N   = run.run_lengths[run.current_run];
+                        size_t idx = run.current_idx++;
+                        double t   = (N > 0) ? (2.0 * idx + 1.0) / (2.0 * N) : 0.5;
+                        // Custom curve wins over linear range when present; OFF path stays bit-identical.
+                        double r1  = gradient_info[ext].curve.empty()
+                                     ? (gradient_info[ext].start + (gradient_info[ext].end_val - gradient_info[ext].start) * t)
+                                     : sample_gradient_curve(gradient_info[ext].curve, t);
+                        double r2  = 1.0 - r1;
+                        sub_heights.push_back(r1 * lh);
+                        sub_heights.push_back(r2 * lh);
+                        // The sublayer split path sorts components by physical ID ascending;
+                        // the higher-ID component ends up on top (visible surface). If the
+                        // gradient's dominant component has the lower physical ID, splitting
+                        // would put the non-dominant color on the visible top surface. In
+                        // that case, skip the split and print this final run-layer as pure
+                        // dominant color to preserve the gradient appearance.
+                        if (idx == N - 1) {
+                            // When r1 == r2 (exactly 50/50), component[0] is treated as dominant.
+                            size_t dominant = (r1 >= r2) ? 0 : 1;
+                            unsigned int dom_0b = s.components[dominant] - 1;
+                            unsigned int oth_0b = s.components[1 - dominant] - 1;
+                            if (dom_0b < oth_0b) {
+                                gradient_last_no_split = true;
+                                gradient_last_dominant_0b = dom_0b;
+                            }
+                        }
+                    } else {
+                        for (double r : s.ratios)
+                            sub_heights.push_back(r * lh);
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    for (double r : s.ratios)
+                        sub_heights.push_back(r * lh);
+                }
+
+                // Per-part gradient: when this slot has any qualifying volume, the global
+                // no-split short-circuit must NOT bypass MixedSubLayerGroup creation — each
+                // volume needs its own no-split decision in GCode.cpp (a per-volume "last
+                // run-layer" can occur on a different layer index than the per-object one). We
+                // still keep the per-object short-circuit when per_vol_runs[ext] is empty, which
+                // covers the legacy path bit-identically.
+                bool per_vol_active_for_slot = per_vol_runs.find(ext) != per_vol_runs.end()
+                                                && !per_vol_runs[ext].empty();
+
+                if (gradient_last_no_split && !per_vol_active_for_slot) {
+                    lt.mixed_filament_resolution[ext] = gradient_last_dominant_0b;
+                    new_extruders.push_back(gradient_last_dominant_0b);
+                    prev_print_z_for_slot[ext] = lt.print_z;
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                LayerTools::MixedSubLayerGroup grp;
+                grp.mixed_slot_0based = ext;
+                grp.layer_height = lh;
+                grp.is_gradient = is_gradient[ext];
+                for (size_t k = 0; k < s.components.size(); ++k) {
+                    unsigned int comp_0based = s.components[k] - 1;
+                    grp.components_0based.push_back(comp_0based);
+                }
+                grp.sub_heights = sub_heights;
+
+                // Write gradient metadata (run-aware). Both per_object_gradient and
+                // per_volume_gradient are populated independently from their own run-state
+                // machines; the GCode emitter chooses per-region:
+                //  - tagged region (gradient_volume_id valid)  -> per_volume_gradient[{obj, vol}]
+                //  - untagged region (modifier / painted / etc.) -> per_object_gradient[obj]
+                // Populating both keeps the per-object run state correct even when per-volume
+                // takes over for the same (slot, obj), and lets untagged geometry (which is
+                // explicitly NOT split per-volume in v1 per the design doc) keep its legacy
+                // per-object gradient ratios.
+                if (grp.is_gradient) {
+                    auto vol_runs_slot_it = per_vol_runs.find(ext);
+                    if (vol_runs_slot_it != per_vol_runs.end()) {
+                        auto vol_slot_it = m_gradient_volume_layers.find(ext);
+                        for (auto &[vkey, st] : vol_runs_slot_it->second) {
+                            auto &layer_indices = vol_slot_it->second[vkey];
+                            if (!std::binary_search(layer_indices.begin(), layer_indices.end(), layer_idx))
+                                continue;
+                            if (st.current_run < 0 ||
+                                st.current_idx >= st.run_lengths[st.current_run]) {
+                                st.current_run++;
+                                st.current_idx = 0;
+                            }
+                            size_t run_N   = st.run_lengths[st.current_run];
+                            size_t run_idx = st.current_idx++;
+                            grp.per_volume_gradient[vkey] = {
+                                run_N,
+                                run_idx,
+                                gradient_info[ext].start,
+                                gradient_info[ext].end_val,
+                                gradient_info[ext].curve,
+                            };
+                        }
+                    }
+
+                    auto runs_slot_it = per_obj_runs.find(ext);
+                    if (runs_slot_it != per_obj_runs.end()) {
+                        auto slot_it = m_mixed_object_layers.find(ext);
+                        for (auto &[obj, st] : runs_slot_it->second) {
+                            auto &layer_indices = slot_it->second[obj];
+                            if (!std::binary_search(layer_indices.begin(), layer_indices.end(), layer_idx))
+                                continue;
+                            if (st.current_run < 0 ||
+                                st.current_idx >= st.run_lengths[st.current_run]) {
+                                st.current_run++;
+                                st.current_idx = 0;
+                            }
+                            size_t run_N  = st.run_lengths[st.current_run];
+                            size_t run_idx = st.current_idx++;
+                            grp.per_object_gradient[obj] = {
+                                run_N,
+                                run_idx,
+                                gradient_info[ext].start,
+                                gradient_info[ext].end_val,
+                                gradient_info[ext].curve,
+                            };
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+
+                if (grp.components_0based.size() > 1) {
+                    unsigned int first_comp_0based = s.components[0] - 1;
+                    std::vector<size_t> idx(grp.components_0based.size());
+                    std::iota(idx.begin(), idx.end(), 0);
+                    std::sort(idx.begin(), idx.end(), [&](size_t a, size_t b) {
+                        return grp.components_0based[a] < grp.components_0based[b];
+                    });
+                    std::vector<unsigned int> sorted_comps;
+                    std::vector<double> sorted_heights;
+                    for (size_t i : idx) {
+                        sorted_comps.push_back(grp.components_0based[i]);
+                        sorted_heights.push_back(grp.sub_heights[i]);
+                    }
+                    grp.components_0based = std::move(sorted_comps);
+                    grp.sub_heights = std::move(sorted_heights);
+                    if (grp.is_gradient) {
+                        for (size_t i = 0; i < grp.components_0based.size(); ++i) {
+                            if (grp.components_0based[i] == first_comp_0based) {
+                                grp.gradient_first_sorted_idx = static_cast<int>(i);
+                                break;
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+
+                for (unsigned int comp : grp.components_0based)
+                    new_extruders.push_back(comp);
+                lt.mixed_sub_layer_groups.push_back(std::move(grp));
+                prev_print_z_for_slot[ext] = lt.print_z;
+            } else {
+                // Deficit Round-Robin: pick one component per layer.
+                // Weight by layer height so volume ratios stay accurate
+                // even with adaptive layer heights.
+                double lh = calc_slot_lh(ext, lt.print_z);
+                long long lh_i = std::llround(lh * 1e6);
+
+                // For 2-component gradient on the first layer, use the gradient's
+                // starting ratio instead of the configured mixing ratio so the
+                // selected filament matches the gradient's "from" end.
+                // Only affects the first layer; when sublayer splitting is enabled
+                // (required for gradient), layers 1+ take the sublayer path and
+                // do not touch the DRR accumulator.
+                if (layer_idx == 0 && is_gradient[ext] && s.components.size() == 2) {
+                    double r0 = gradient_info[ext].start;
+                    s.accum[0] += std::llround(r0 * lh_i);
+                    s.accum[1] += std::llround((1.0 - r0) * lh_i);
+                } else {
+                    for (size_t k = 0; k < s.ratios.size(); ++k)
+                        s.accum[k] += std::llround(s.ratios[k] * lh_i);
+                }
+                size_t sel = 0;
+                for (size_t k = 1; k < s.accum.size(); ++k)
+                    if (s.accum[k] > s.accum[sel])
+                        sel = k;
+                s.accum[sel] -= lh_i;
+                unsigned int resolved = s.components[sel] - 1;
+                lt.mixed_filament_resolution[ext] = resolved;
+                new_extruders.push_back(resolved);
+                prev_print_z_for_slot[ext] = lt.print_z;
+            }
+        }
+        lt.extruders = new_extruders;
+        sort_remove_duplicates(lt.extruders);
+
+        // Update prev_relevant_z: for each slot that has relevant-layer tracking,
+        // advance if the current layer belongs to a slot-owning object.
+        for (auto &[slot, rel_set] : slot_relevant_layers) {
+            if (rel_set.count(layer_idx))
+                prev_relevant_z_for_slot[slot] = lt.print_z;
+        }
+
+        prev_print_z = lt.print_z;
+    }
+}
+
+void ToolOrdering::enforce_mixed_component_order()
+{
+    for (LayerTools &lt : m_layer_tools) {
+        if (lt.mixed_sub_layer_groups.empty())
+            continue;
+
+        // Build a set of extruders present in lt.extruders for fast lookup.
+        std::set<unsigned int> ext_set(lt.extruders.begin(), lt.extruders.end());
+
+        // 1. Build DAG from mixed group constraints.
+        //    For each group [c0, c1, c2, ...], add edges c0->c1, c1->c2, ...
+        //    Only between components that are both present in lt.extruders.
+        //    Use an edge set to avoid duplicate edges inflating in-degree.
+        std::map<unsigned int, std::vector<unsigned int>> adj;
+        std::map<unsigned int, int> in_degree;
+        std::set<std::pair<unsigned int, unsigned int>> edge_set;
+
+        for (unsigned int ext : lt.extruders)
+            in_degree[ext] = 0;
+
+        for (const auto &grp : lt.mixed_sub_layer_groups) {
+            for (size_t i = 0; i + 1 < grp.components_0based.size(); ++i) {
+                unsigned int a = grp.components_0based[i];
+                unsigned int b = grp.components_0based[i + 1];
+                if (!ext_set.count(a) || !ext_set.count(b))
+                    continue;
+                if (edge_set.insert({a, b}).second) {
+                    adj[a].push_back(b);
+                    in_degree[b] += 1;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        // 2. Record original position (from flush optimizer) as priority.
+        std::map<unsigned int, size_t> orig_pos;
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < lt.extruders.size(); ++i)
+            orig_pos[lt.extruders[i]] = i;
+
+        // 3. Kahn's topological sort with priority queue (prefer original position).
+        auto cmp = [&orig_pos](unsigned int lhs, unsigned int rhs) {
+            return orig_pos[lhs] > orig_pos[rhs]; // min-heap by orig_pos
+        };
+        std::priority_queue<unsigned int, std::vector<unsigned int>, decltype(cmp)> pq(cmp);
+
+        for (unsigned int ext : lt.extruders) {
+            if (in_degree[ext] == 0)
+                pq.push(ext);
+        }
+
+        std::vector<unsigned int> ordered;
+        ordered.reserve(lt.extruders.size());
+        while (!pq.empty()) {
+            unsigned int ext = pq.top();
+            pq.pop();
+            ordered.push_back(ext);
+            if (auto it = adj.find(ext); it != adj.end()) {
+                for (unsigned int next : it->second) {
+                    if (--in_degree[next] == 0)
+                        pq.push(next);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Safety: if topological sort didn't produce all elements, keep original order.
+        if (ordered.size() != lt.extruders.size())
+            ordered = lt.extruders;
+
+        // 4. Verify: every mixed group's component order is preserved as subsequence.
+        for (const auto &grp : lt.mixed_sub_layer_groups) {
+            size_t prev_pos = 0;
+            bool valid = true;
+            for (unsigned int c : grp.components_0based) {
+                if (!ext_set.count(c))
+                    continue;
+                auto it = std::find(ordered.begin() + prev_pos, ordered.end(), c);
+                if (it == ordered.end()) { valid = false; break; }
+                prev_pos = (it - ordered.begin()) + 1;
+            }
+            assert(valid && "enforce_mixed_component_order: mixed group subsequence violated");
+            (void)valid;
+        }
+
+        lt.extruders = ordered;
+    }
+}
+
 void ToolOrdering::reorder_extruders_for_minimum_flush_volume(bool reorder_first_layer)
 {
     const PrintConfig* print_config = m_print_config_ptr;
diff --git a/src/libslic3r/GCode/ToolOrdering.hpp b/src/libslic3r/GCode/ToolOrdering.hpp
index c77b152fe9..699afa7091 100644
--- a/src/libslic3r/GCode/ToolOrdering.hpp
+++ b/src/libslic3r/GCode/ToolOrdering.hpp
@@ -5,12 +5,16 @@
 
 #include "../libslic3r.h"
 
+#include <functional>
+#include <map>
 #include <utility>
 
 #include <boost/container/small_vector.hpp>
 #include "../FilamentGroup.hpp"
+#include "../FilamentMixer.hpp"
 #include "../MultiNozzleUtils.hpp"
 #include "../ExtrusionEntity.hpp"
+#include "../ObjectID.hpp"
 #include "../PrintConfig.hpp"
 
 namespace Slic3r {
@@ -172,6 +176,65 @@ public:
     // Custom G-code (color change, extruder switch, pause) to be performed before this layer starts to print.
     const CustomGCode::Item    *custom_gcode = nullptr;
 
+    // 0-based mixed filament slot → 0-based resolved physical filament for this layer.
+    // Populated by ToolOrdering::resolve_mixed_filaments(). Empty when no mixed filaments.
+    std::map<unsigned int, unsigned int> mixed_filament_resolution;
+
+    unsigned int resolve_mixed(unsigned int filament_0based) const {
+        auto it = mixed_filament_resolution.find(filament_0based);
+        return (it != mixed_filament_resolution.end()) ? it->second : filament_0based;
+    }
+
+    struct MixedSubLayerGroup {
+        unsigned int              mixed_slot_0based;
+        std::vector<unsigned int> components_0based;
+        std::vector<double>       sub_heights;       // per-component, sum ≈ layer_height
+        double                    layer_height = 0.;  // the actual lh used to compute sub_heights
+        bool                      is_gradient = false;
+        int                       gradient_first_sorted_idx = 0; // index of "first" config component after sorting
+
+        struct ObjectGradient {
+            size_t        total_layers;
+            size_t        current_idx;
+            double        gradient_start;
+            double        gradient_end;
+            GradientCurve curve;    // empty -> linear fallback (start, end); non-empty wins
+        };
+        std::map<const PrintObject*, ObjectGradient> per_object_gradient;
+
+        // Per-volume gradient: same metadata layout as ObjectGradient but keyed by
+        // (PrintObject*, ModelVolume id). Populated only when filament_mixed_gradient_per_part is
+        // enabled for this slot AND the corresponding ModelObject contains >=2 model-part volumes
+        // using this slot. When non-empty for a given (PrintObject*), GCode emission takes the
+        // per-volume path for tagged regions; untagged regions (modifier/painted/fuzzy_skin) still
+        // use per_object_gradient. Both maps are populated in parallel to keep run states correct.
+        struct VolumeKey {
+            const PrintObject* obj;
+            ObjectID           volume_id;
+            bool operator<(const VolumeKey &o) const {
+                if (obj != o.obj) return std::less<const PrintObject*>{}(obj, o.obj);
+                return volume_id < o.volume_id;
+            }
+            bool operator==(const VolumeKey &o) const {
+                return obj == o.obj && volume_id == o.volume_id;
+            }
+        };
+        using VolumeGradient = ObjectGradient;
+        std::map<VolumeKey, VolumeGradient> per_volume_gradient;
+    };
+    std::vector<MixedSubLayerGroup> mixed_sub_layer_groups;
+
+    const MixedSubLayerGroup* mixed_group_by_slot(unsigned int slot_id) const {
+        for (const auto &g : mixed_sub_layer_groups)
+            if (g.mixed_slot_0based == slot_id)
+                return &g;
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+
+    bool is_mixed_slot(unsigned int slot_id) const {
+        return mixed_group_by_slot(slot_id) != nullptr;
+    }
+
     WipingExtrusions& wiping_extrusions() {
         m_wiping_extrusions.set_layer_tools_ptr(this);
         return m_wiping_extrusions;
@@ -299,6 +362,8 @@ private:
     void                mark_skirt_layers(const PrintConfig &config, coordf_t max_layer_height);
     void 				collect_extruder_statistics(bool prime_multi_material);
     void                reorder_extruders_for_minimum_flush_volume(bool reorder_first_layer);
+    void                resolve_mixed_filaments(const PrintConfig &config);
+    void                enforce_mixed_component_order();
 
     // BBS
     std::vector<unsigned int> generate_first_layer_tool_order(const Print& print);
@@ -313,6 +378,23 @@ private:
     std::vector<unsigned int>  m_all_printing_extruders;
     const DynamicPrintConfig*  m_print_full_config = nullptr;
     const PrintConfig*         m_print_config_ptr = nullptr;
+
+    // Per-object gradient tracking: slot(0-based) -> PrintObject* -> list of layer indices
+    // where that object uses the slot. Populated by collect_extruders, consumed by resolve_mixed_filaments.
+    std::map<unsigned int, std::map<const PrintObject*, std::vector<size_t>>> m_mixed_object_layers;
+
+    // All layer indices (in m_layer_tools) where each object has any layer.
+    // Used by gradient run detection to distinguish real gaps (object has a layer
+    // that doesn't use the slot) from spurious gaps (another object's layer).
+    std::map<const PrintObject*, std::vector<size_t>> m_object_all_layer_indices;
+
+    // Per-volume gradient tracking: slot(0-based) -> (PrintObject*, ModelVolume id) -> list of
+    // layer indices where the given volume contributes to the slot. Populated by collect_extruders
+    // alongside m_mixed_object_layers when per_part gradient is enabled for the slot AND the
+    // ModelObject has >=2 model-part volumes using the slot. Empty for all other configurations,
+    // which keeps every legacy per-object code path bit-identical (loops over an empty map are
+    // no-ops; downstream emission falls through to the per-object branch).
+    std::map<unsigned int, std::map<LayerTools::MixedSubLayerGroup::VolumeKey, std::vector<size_t>>> m_gradient_volume_layers;
     const PrintObject*         m_print_object_ptr = nullptr;
     Print*                     m_print;
     bool                       m_sorted = false;
diff --git a/src/libslic3r/Layer.cpp b/src/libslic3r/Layer.cpp
index b3a145bed0..87ad11bcf8 100644
--- a/src/libslic3r/Layer.cpp
+++ b/src/libslic3r/Layer.cpp
@@ -210,6 +210,12 @@ void Layer::make_perimeters()
 	            if (! (*it)->slices.empty()) {
 		            LayerRegion* other_layerm = *it;
 		            const PrintRegion &other_region = other_layerm->region();
+                    // Per-part gradient tags a region with its owning ModelVolume; merging two
+                    // differently-tagged regions would collapse volumes that need independent
+                    // gradient runs. Both tags are invalid unless per-part gradient is on, so
+                    // this is a no-op for every other configuration.
+                    if (this_region.gradient_volume_id() != other_region.gradient_volume_id())
+                        continue;
                     if (is_perimeter_compatible(*m_object->print(), this_region, other_region))
 		            {
 			 			other_layerm->perimeters.clear();
diff --git a/src/libslic3r/Model.cpp b/src/libslic3r/Model.cpp
index c689c7ce78..3617e85991 100644
--- a/src/libslic3r/Model.cpp
+++ b/src/libslic3r/Model.cpp
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 #include "Model.hpp"
 #include "libslic3r.h"
 #include "BuildVolume.hpp"
+#include "TexturePainting.hpp"
 #include "ClipperUtils.hpp"
 #include "Exception.hpp"
 #include "Model.hpp"
@@ -104,6 +105,7 @@ Model& Model::assign_copy(const Model &rhs)
     this->mk_version = rhs.mk_version;
     this->md_name = rhs.md_name;
     this->md_value = rhs.md_value;
+    this->texture_mesh = rhs.texture_mesh;
 
     return *this;
 }
@@ -139,6 +141,7 @@ Model& Model::assign_copy(Model &&rhs)
     this->mk_version = rhs.mk_version;
     this->md_name = rhs.md_name;
     this->md_value = rhs.md_value;
+    this->texture_mesh = std::move(rhs.texture_mesh);
     this->backup_path = std::move(rhs.backup_path);
     this->object_backup_id_map = std::move(rhs.object_backup_id_map);
     this->next_object_backup_id = rhs.next_object_backup_id;
@@ -281,8 +284,21 @@ Model Model::read_from_file(const std::string&
         result = load_stl(input_file.c_str(), &model, nullptr, stlFn,256);
     else if (boost::algorithm::iends_with(input_file, ".obj")) {
         ObjInfo                 obj_info;
-        result = load_obj(input_file.c_str(), &model, obj_info, message);
-        if (result){
+        ObjParser::MtlData      mtl_data;
+        result = load_obj(input_file.c_str(), &model, obj_info, message, nullptr, &mtl_data);
+        if (result && obj_info.has_uv_png && !obj_info.uvs.empty() && !model.objects.empty()) {
+            // Textured OBJ: hand the mesh + materials to the texture-to-color importer instead
+            // of the flat per-face colour dialog. Replaces Orca's previous "not implemented"
+            // placeholder for this branch.
+            auto tex_mesh = std::make_shared<TexturedMesh>();
+            std::string obj_dir = boost::filesystem::path(input_file).parent_path().string();
+            if (obj_to_textured_mesh(obj_info,
+                    model.objects.back()->volumes[0]->mesh().its,
+                    mtl_data, obj_dir, *tex_mesh)) {
+                model.texture_mesh = tex_mesh;
+            }
+        }
+        else if (result){
             ObjDialogInOut in_out;
             in_out.model = &model;
             in_out.lost_material_name = obj_info.lost_material_name;
@@ -578,6 +594,7 @@ void Model::clear_objects()
     this->objects.clear();
     object_backup_id_map.clear();
     next_object_backup_id = 1;
+    texture_mesh.reset();
 }
 
 // BBS: backup, reuse objects
@@ -2576,7 +2593,8 @@ void ModelVolume::update_extruder_count(size_t extruder_count)
     }
 }
 
-void ModelVolume::update_extruder_count_when_delete_filament(size_t extruder_count, size_t filament_id, int replace_filament_id)
+void ModelVolume::update_extruder_count_when_delete_filament(size_t extruder_count, size_t filament_id, int replace_filament_id,
+                                                             const std::vector<unsigned char> &filament_is_mixed)
 {
     std::vector<int> used_extruders = get_extruders();
     for (int extruder_id : used_extruders) {
@@ -2587,8 +2605,13 @@ void ModelVolume::update_extruder_count_when_delete_filament(size_t extruder_cou
     }
     // Same stale-assignment cleanup as update_extruder_count, for the filament-delete path.
     // Ported from BambuStudio (STUDIO-15763).
-    if (extruder_id() > extruder_count) {
-        this->config.erase("extruder");
+    size_t eid = extruder_id();
+    if (eid > extruder_count) {
+        // A mixed-color slot is virtual and legitimately sits past the physical filament count,
+        // so an assignment to one is not stale and must survive the delete.
+        bool is_mixed = !filament_is_mixed.empty() && eid >= 1 && (eid - 1) < filament_is_mixed.size() && filament_is_mixed[eid - 1];
+        if (!is_mixed)
+            this->config.erase("extruder");
     }
 }
 
@@ -3495,6 +3518,15 @@ void FacetsAnnotation::get_facets(const ModelVolume& mv, std::vector<indexed_tri
     selector.get_facets(facets_per_type);
 }
 
+void FacetsAnnotation::shift_states_above(const ModelVolume &mv, EnforcerBlockerType threshold, int delta)
+{
+    if (empty()) return;
+    TriangleSelector selector(mv.mesh());
+    selector.deserialize(m_data, false);
+    selector.shift_states_above(threshold, delta);
+    this->set(selector);
+}
+
 void FacetsAnnotation::set_enforcer_block_type_limit(const ModelVolume  &mv,
                                                      EnforcerBlockerType max_type,
                                                      EnforcerBlockerType to_delete_filament,
diff --git a/src/libslic3r/Model.hpp b/src/libslic3r/Model.hpp
index 2d46bc4cdf..6834c7a59b 100644
--- a/src/libslic3r/Model.hpp
+++ b/src/libslic3r/Model.hpp
@@ -47,6 +47,8 @@ namespace cereal {
 }
 
 namespace Slic3r {
+
+struct TexturedMesh;
 enum class ConversionType;
 
 class BuildVolume;
@@ -740,6 +742,9 @@ public:
                                                        EnforcerBlockerType max_type,
                                                        EnforcerBlockerType to_delete_filament = EnforcerBlockerType::NONE,
                                                        EnforcerBlockerType replace_filament = EnforcerBlockerType::NONE);
+    // Shift painted filament indices >= threshold by delta. Used when a physical filament is
+    // inserted ahead of existing slots (mixed-color slots are kept at the end of the list).
+    void                 shift_states_above(const ModelVolume &mv, EnforcerBlockerType threshold, int delta);
     indexed_triangle_set get_facets_strict(const ModelVolume& mv, EnforcerBlockerType type) const;
     bool has_facets(const ModelVolume& mv, EnforcerBlockerType type) const;
     bool empty() const { return m_data.triangles_to_split.empty(); }
@@ -932,7 +937,8 @@ public:
     // BBS
     std::vector<int>    get_extruders() const;
     void                update_extruder_count(size_t extruder_count);
-    void                update_extruder_count_when_delete_filament(size_t extruder_count, size_t filament_id, int replace_filament_id = -1);
+    void                update_extruder_count_when_delete_filament(size_t extruder_count, size_t filament_id, int replace_filament_id = -1,
+                                                                   const std::vector<unsigned char> &filament_is_mixed = {});
 
     // Split this volume, append the result to the object owning this volume.
     // Return the number of volumes created from this one.
@@ -1549,6 +1555,10 @@ public:
     std::shared_ptr<ModelInfo> model_info = nullptr;
     std::shared_ptr<ModelProfileInfo> profile_info = nullptr;
 
+    // Textured mesh data for texture-to-painting import. Populated by the loader when a mesh
+    // arrives with usable UVs and a texture map; consumed (and reset) by the import dialog.
+    std::shared_ptr<TexturedMesh> texture_mesh;
+
     //makerlab information
     std::string mk_name;
     std::string mk_version;
diff --git a/src/libslic3r/Preset.cpp b/src/libslic3r/Preset.cpp
index 1334bd4e7a..0a6491078d 100644
--- a/src/libslic3r/Preset.cpp
+++ b/src/libslic3r/Preset.cpp
@@ -1183,6 +1183,7 @@ static std::vector<std::string> s_Preset_print_options{
     "flush_into_infill",
     "flush_into_objects",
     "flush_into_support",
+    "enable_mixed_color_sublayer",
     "tree_support_branch_angle",
     "tree_support_angle_slow",
     "tree_support_wall_count",
diff --git a/src/libslic3r/PresetBundle.cpp b/src/libslic3r/PresetBundle.cpp
index 6fcc6e05c1..961ed59d2b 100644
--- a/src/libslic3r/PresetBundle.cpp
+++ b/src/libslic3r/PresetBundle.cpp
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
 
 #include "PresetCacheFormat.hpp"
 #include "PrintConfig.hpp"
+#include "FilamentMixer.hpp"
 #include "libslic3r.h"
 #include "I18N.hpp"
 #include "Utils.hpp"
@@ -71,7 +72,17 @@ static std::vector<std::string> s_project_options {
     // whether dynamic per-nozzle filament mapping is active. Persisted with the project and
     // restored from a saved 3mf; reset to false on load and set true only by live device sync.
     "has_filament_switcher",
-    "enable_filament_dynamic_map"
+    "enable_filament_dynamic_map",
+    // Mixed-color filament slots. Project-level parallel arrays indexed like filament_colour:
+    // which slots are virtual mixes, their component filaments, blend ratios and the optional
+    // Z-gradient description. Kept with the project so a saved 3mf round-trips the mix setup.
+    "filament_is_mixed",
+    "filament_mixed_components",
+    "filament_mixed_sublayer_ratios",
+    "filament_mixed_gradient",
+    "filament_mixed_gradient_range",
+    "filament_mixed_gradient_curve",
+    "filament_mixed_gradient_per_part"
 };
 
 //Orca: add custom as default
@@ -2704,6 +2715,40 @@ void PresetBundle::load_installed_sla_materials(AppConfig &config)
         preset.set_visible_from_appconfig(config);
 }
 
+// Restore the mixed-color filament metadata written by export_selections(). Every array is
+// resized to the filament count so a project saved with a different filament count, or one
+// predating these keys, still yields well-formed parallel arrays.
+static void load_mixed_filament_settings(DynamicPrintConfig &project_config, AppConfig &config,
+                                         const std::string &printer_name, size_t n_filaments)
+{
+    std::vector<std::string> parts;
+    auto load_bools = [&](const char *key, const char *opt_key) {
+        auto &vals = project_config.option<ConfigOptionBools>(opt_key)->values;
+        if (config.has_printer_setting(printer_name, key)) {
+            boost::algorithm::split(parts, config.get_printer_setting(printer_name, key), boost::algorithm::is_any_of(","));
+            vals.clear();
+            for (const auto &p : parts) vals.push_back(p == "1");
+        }
+        vals.resize(n_filaments, false);
+    };
+    auto load_strings = [&](const char *key, const char *opt_key) {
+        auto &vals = project_config.option<ConfigOptionStrings>(opt_key)->values;
+        if (config.has_printer_setting(printer_name, key)) {
+            boost::algorithm::split(parts, config.get_printer_setting(printer_name, key), boost::algorithm::is_any_of("|"));
+            vals = parts;
+        }
+        vals.resize(n_filaments, std::string{});
+    };
+
+    load_bools("filament_is_mixed", "filament_is_mixed");
+    load_strings("filament_mixed_components", "filament_mixed_components");
+    load_strings("filament_mixed_sublayer_ratios", "filament_mixed_sublayer_ratios");
+    load_bools("filament_mixed_gradient", "filament_mixed_gradient");
+    load_strings("filament_mixed_gradient_range", "filament_mixed_gradient_range");
+    load_strings("filament_mixed_gradient_curve", "filament_mixed_gradient_curve");
+    load_bools("filament_mixed_gradient_per_part", "filament_mixed_gradient_per_part");
+}
+
 void PresetBundle::update_selections(AppConfig &config)
 {
     std::string initial_printer_profile_name    = printers.get_selected_preset_name();
@@ -2784,6 +2829,7 @@ void PresetBundle::update_selections(AppConfig &config)
         auto flush_multipliers = matrix | boost::adaptors::transformed(boost::lexical_cast<double, std::string>);
         project_config.option<ConfigOptionFloats>("flush_multiplier")->values = std::vector<double>(flush_multipliers.begin(), flush_multipliers.end());
     }
+    load_mixed_filament_settings(project_config, config, initial_printer_profile_name, filament_presets.size());
 
     // Update visibility of presets based on their compatibility with the active printer.
     // Always try to select a compatible print and filament preset to the current printer preset,
@@ -2934,6 +2980,7 @@ void PresetBundle::load_selections(AppConfig &config, const PresetPreferences& p
         auto flush_multipliers = matrix | boost::adaptors::transformed(boost::lexical_cast<double, std::string>);
         project_config.option<ConfigOptionFloats>("flush_multiplier")->values = std::vector<double>(flush_multipliers.begin(), flush_multipliers.end());
     }
+    load_mixed_filament_settings(project_config, config, initial_printer_profile_name, filament_presets.size());
 
     // Update visibility of presets based on their compatibility with the active printer.
     // Always try to select a compatible print and filament preset to the current printer preset,
@@ -3068,6 +3115,31 @@ void PresetBundle::export_selections(AppConfig &config)
                                                               "|");
     config.set_printer_setting(printer_name, "flush_multiplier", flush_multiplier_str);
 
+    // Mixed-color filament metadata. Bools are joined with ',' and strings with '|' because
+    // the component/ratio/curve strings themselves contain commas.
+    auto join_bools = [](const std::vector<unsigned char> &vals) {
+        std::string s;
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < vals.size(); ++i) {
+            if (i > 0) s += ",";
+            s += (vals[i] ? "1" : "0");
+        }
+        return s;
+    };
+    if (auto *opt = project_config.option<ConfigOptionBools>("filament_is_mixed"))
+        config.set_printer_setting(printer_name, "filament_is_mixed", join_bools(opt->values));
+    if (auto *opt = project_config.option<ConfigOptionStrings>("filament_mixed_components"))
+        config.set_printer_setting(printer_name, "filament_mixed_components", boost::algorithm::join(opt->values, "|"));
+    if (auto *opt = project_config.option<ConfigOptionStrings>("filament_mixed_sublayer_ratios"))
+        config.set_printer_setting(printer_name, "filament_mixed_sublayer_ratios", boost::algorithm::join(opt->values, "|"));
+    if (auto *opt = project_config.option<ConfigOptionBools>("filament_mixed_gradient"))
+        config.set_printer_setting(printer_name, "filament_mixed_gradient", join_bools(opt->values));
+    if (auto *opt = project_config.option<ConfigOptionStrings>("filament_mixed_gradient_range"))
+        config.set_printer_setting(printer_name, "filament_mixed_gradient_range", boost::algorithm::join(opt->values, "|"));
+    if (auto *opt = project_config.option<ConfigOptionStrings>("filament_mixed_gradient_curve"))
+        config.set_printer_setting(printer_name, "filament_mixed_gradient_curve", boost::algorithm::join(opt->values, "|"));
+    if (auto *opt = project_config.option<ConfigOptionBools>("filament_mixed_gradient_per_part"))
+        config.set_printer_setting(printer_name, "filament_mixed_gradient_per_part", join_bools(opt->values));
+
     // BBS
     //config.set("presets", "sla_print",    sla_prints.get_selected_preset_name());
     //config.set("presets", "sla_material", sla_materials.get_selected_preset_name());
@@ -3103,6 +3175,24 @@ void PresetBundle::set_num_filaments(unsigned int n, std::vector<std::string> ne
     filament_volume_map->values.resize(n, static_cast<int>(NozzleVolumeType::nvtStandard));
     ams_multi_color_filment.resize(n);
 
+    // Mixed-color metadata is a parallel per-filament array set, so it has to grow and shrink
+    // with the filament count exactly like filament_colour above. Missing this leaves the
+    // arrays short and every lookup of a newly created slot reads past the end.
+    if (auto* opt = project_config.option<ConfigOptionBools>("filament_is_mixed"))
+        opt->values.resize(n, false);
+    if (auto* opt = project_config.option<ConfigOptionStrings>("filament_mixed_components"))
+        opt->values.resize(n, std::string{});
+    if (auto* opt = project_config.option<ConfigOptionStrings>("filament_mixed_sublayer_ratios"))
+        opt->values.resize(n, std::string{});
+    if (auto* opt = project_config.option<ConfigOptionBools>("filament_mixed_gradient"))
+        opt->values.resize(n, false);
+    if (auto* opt = project_config.option<ConfigOptionStrings>("filament_mixed_gradient_range"))
+        opt->values.resize(n, std::string{});
+    if (auto* opt = project_config.option<ConfigOptionStrings>("filament_mixed_gradient_curve"))
+        opt->values.resize(n, std::string{});
+    if (auto* opt = project_config.option<ConfigOptionBools>("filament_mixed_gradient_per_part"))
+        opt->values.resize(n, false);
+
     // BBS set new filament color to new_color
     if (old_filament_count < n) {
         if (!new_colors.empty()) {
@@ -3143,6 +3233,24 @@ void PresetBundle::set_num_filaments(unsigned int n, std::string new_color)
     filament_volume_map->values.resize(n, static_cast<int>(NozzleVolumeType::nvtStandard));
     ams_multi_color_filment.resize(n);
 
+    // Mixed-color metadata is a parallel per-filament array set, so it has to grow and shrink
+    // with the filament count exactly like filament_colour above. Missing this leaves the
+    // arrays short and every lookup of a newly created slot reads past the end.
+    if (auto* opt = project_config.option<ConfigOptionBools>("filament_is_mixed"))
+        opt->values.resize(n, false);
+    if (auto* opt = project_config.option<ConfigOptionStrings>("filament_mixed_components"))
+        opt->values.resize(n, std::string{});
+    if (auto* opt = project_config.option<ConfigOptionStrings>("filament_mixed_sublayer_ratios"))
+        opt->values.resize(n, std::string{});
+    if (auto* opt = project_config.option<ConfigOptionBools>("filament_mixed_gradient"))
+        opt->values.resize(n, false);
+    if (auto* opt = project_config.option<ConfigOptionStrings>("filament_mixed_gradient_range"))
+        opt->values.resize(n, std::string{});
+    if (auto* opt = project_config.option<ConfigOptionStrings>("filament_mixed_gradient_curve"))
+        opt->values.resize(n, std::string{});
+    if (auto* opt = project_config.option<ConfigOptionBools>("filament_mixed_gradient_per_part"))
+        opt->values.resize(n, false);
+
     //BBS set new filament color to new_color
     if (old_filament_count < n) {
         if (!new_color.empty()) {
@@ -3215,9 +3323,53 @@ void PresetBundle::update_num_filaments(unsigned int to_del_flament_id)
     erase_or_resize(filament_color_type->values);
     erase_or_resize(ams_multi_color_filment);
 
+    // Mixed-color metadata. Component IDs reference other slots by 1-based index, so a deleted
+    // *physical* filament must be remapped out of every mix before the arrays themselves shrink.
+    // Deleting a mixed slot needs no remap (nothing references a mixed slot as a component).
+    {
+        auto *is_mixed_opt = project_config.option<ConfigOptionBools>("filament_is_mixed");
+        auto *comp_opt     = project_config.option<ConfigOptionStrings>("filament_mixed_components");
+        if (is_mixed_opt && comp_opt) {
+            bool del_is_physical = (to_del_flament_id >= is_mixed_opt->values.size()
+                                    || !is_mixed_opt->values[to_del_flament_id]);
+            if (del_is_physical)
+                remap_mixed_components_on_delete(is_mixed_opt->values, comp_opt->values,
+                                                 to_del_flament_id + 1);
+        }
+        if (is_mixed_opt)
+            erase_or_resize(is_mixed_opt->values);
+        if (comp_opt)
+            erase_or_resize(comp_opt->values);
+    }
+    if (auto *opt = project_config.option<ConfigOptionStrings>("filament_mixed_sublayer_ratios"))
+        erase_or_resize(opt->values);
+    if (auto *opt = project_config.option<ConfigOptionBools>("filament_mixed_gradient"))
+        erase_or_resize(opt->values);
+    if (auto *opt = project_config.option<ConfigOptionStrings>("filament_mixed_gradient_range"))
+        erase_or_resize(opt->values);
+    if (auto *opt = project_config.option<ConfigOptionStrings>("filament_mixed_gradient_curve"))
+        erase_or_resize(opt->values);
+    if (auto *opt = project_config.option<ConfigOptionBools>("filament_mixed_gradient_per_part"))
+        erase_or_resize(opt->values);
+
     update_multi_material_filament_presets(to_del_flament_id);
 }
 
+bool PresetBundle::is_mixed_filament(size_t idx) const
+{
+    auto *opt = project_config.option<ConfigOptionBools>("filament_is_mixed");
+    return opt && idx < opt->values.size() && opt->values[idx];
+}
+
+std::vector<size_t> PresetBundle::physical_filament_config_indices() const
+{
+    std::vector<size_t> indices;
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < filament_presets.size(); ++i)
+        if (!is_mixed_filament(i))
+            indices.push_back(i);
+    return indices;
+}
+
 
 void PresetBundle::get_ams_cobox_infos(AMSComboInfo& combox_info)
 {
diff --git a/src/libslic3r/PresetBundle.hpp b/src/libslic3r/PresetBundle.hpp
index 9da8fb4251..7640d1ff8d 100644
--- a/src/libslic3r/PresetBundle.hpp
+++ b/src/libslic3r/PresetBundle.hpp
@@ -497,6 +497,9 @@ public:
     // Read out the number of extruders from an active printer preset,
     // update size and content of filament_presets.
     void                        update_multi_material_filament_presets(size_t to_delete_filament_id = size_t(-1));
+    // Mixed-color filament slots: virtual slots realized from 2-3 physical filaments.
+    bool                        is_mixed_filament(size_t idx) const;
+    std::vector<size_t>         physical_filament_config_indices() const;
 
     void                        on_extruders_count_changed(int extruder_count);
 
diff --git a/src/libslic3r/Print.cpp b/src/libslic3r/Print.cpp
index 509744abe2..33389d27c6 100644
--- a/src/libslic3r/Print.cpp
+++ b/src/libslic3r/Print.cpp
@@ -2719,6 +2719,19 @@ void Print::process(long long *time_cost_with_cache, bool use_cache)
         }
 
         auto objectExtruderMap = getObjectExtruderMap(*this);
+        // Resolve mixed filament virtual slots to physical components so brim
+        // extruder matching works correctly (mixed slot IDs are not present
+        // in printExtruders after ToolOrdering::resolve_mixed_filaments).
+        if (m_config.print_sequence != PrintSequence::ByObject && !tool_ordering.layer_tools().empty()) {
+            const LayerTools &first_lt = tool_ordering.layer_tools().front();
+            for (auto &[obj_id, ext_1based] : objectExtruderMap) {
+                if (ext_1based == 0)
+                    continue;
+                auto it = first_lt.mixed_filament_resolution.find(ext_1based - 1);
+                if (it != first_lt.mixed_filament_resolution.end())
+                    ext_1based = it->second + 1;
+            }
+        }
         std::vector<std::pair<ObjectID, unsigned int>> objPrintVec;
         for (const PrintInstance* instance : print_object_instances_ordering) {
             const ObjectID& print_object_ID = instance->print_object->id();
@@ -3776,6 +3789,14 @@ bool Print::is_dynamic_group_reorder() const
     const bool  enabled = opt && opt->value;
     if (!enabled || m_config.filament_map_mode != FilamentMapMode::fmmAutoForFlush || m_config.nozzle_diameter.size() <= 1)
         return false;
+
+    // Dynamic regrouping and mixed-color slots are incompatible: a mixed slot is resolved to
+    // different physical components per layer, so a group assignment made up-front would be wrong.
+    const auto &is_mixed = m_config.filament_is_mixed.values;
+    for (unsigned int filament_id : extruders()) {
+        if (filament_id < is_mixed.size() && is_mixed[filament_id])
+            return false;
+    }
     return true;
 }
 
diff --git a/src/libslic3r/Print.hpp b/src/libslic3r/Print.hpp
index b38a0ca058..efee489c57 100644
--- a/src/libslic3r/Print.hpp
+++ b/src/libslic3r/Print.hpp
@@ -117,9 +117,9 @@ class PrintRegion
 public:
     PrintRegion() = default;
     PrintRegion(const PrintRegionConfig &config);
-    PrintRegion(const PrintRegionConfig &config, const size_t config_hash, int print_object_region_id = -1) : m_config(config), m_config_hash(config_hash), m_print_object_region_id(print_object_region_id) {}
+    PrintRegion(const PrintRegionConfig &config, const size_t config_hash, int print_object_region_id = -1, ObjectID gradient_volume_id = ObjectID()) : m_config(config), m_config_hash(config_hash), m_print_object_region_id(print_object_region_id), m_gradient_volume_id(gradient_volume_id) {}
     PrintRegion(PrintRegionConfig &&config);
-    PrintRegion(PrintRegionConfig &&config, const size_t config_hash, int print_object_region_id = -1) : m_config(std::move(config)), m_config_hash(config_hash), m_print_object_region_id(print_object_region_id) {}
+    PrintRegion(PrintRegionConfig &&config, const size_t config_hash, int print_object_region_id = -1, ObjectID gradient_volume_id = ObjectID()) : m_config(std::move(config)), m_config_hash(config_hash), m_print_object_region_id(print_object_region_id), m_gradient_volume_id(gradient_volume_id) {}
     ~PrintRegion() = default;
 
 // Methods NOT modifying the PrintRegion's state:
@@ -129,6 +129,10 @@ public:
     // Identifier of this PrintRegion in the list of Print::m_print_regions.
     int                         print_region_id() const throw() { return m_print_region_id; }
     int                         print_object_region_id() const throw() { return m_print_object_region_id; }
+    // Volume identity used to differentiate same-config regions when per-part gradient is enabled.
+    // Default-constructed (invalid) means this region is not tied to a specific volume — preserves
+    // existing behavior for all paths not using per_part_gradient.
+    ObjectID                    gradient_volume_id() const throw() { return m_gradient_volume_id; }
 	// 1-based extruder identifier for this region and role.
 	unsigned int 				extruder(FlowRole role) const;
     Flow                        flow(const PrintObject &object, FlowRole role, double layer_height, bool first_layer = false) const;
@@ -158,6 +162,10 @@ private:
     int                m_print_region_id { -1 };
     int                m_print_object_region_id { -1 };
     int                m_ref_cnt { 0 };
+    // Per-part gradient: when non-invalid, this region belongs exclusively to one ModelVolume,
+    // letting same-color volumes within a combined ModelObject be tracked separately for gradient
+    // emission. Default invalid -> region keying behaves exactly as before.
+    ObjectID           m_gradient_volume_id;
 };
 
 inline bool operator==(const PrintRegion &lhs, const PrintRegion &rhs) { return lhs.config_hash() == rhs.config_hash() && lhs.config() == rhs.config(); }
@@ -306,6 +314,11 @@ public:
     Transform3d                                 trafo_bboxes;
     std::vector<ObjectID>                       cached_volume_ids;
 
+    // Per-part gradient: the slot_per_part_enabled bit vector that produced these regions.
+    // Print::apply compares it against the current one to detect a change that PrintRegionConfig
+    // alone would not reveal, and regenerates the regions when it differs.
+    std::vector<bool>                           last_slot_per_part_enabled;
+
     void ref_cnt_inc() { ++ m_ref_cnt; }
     void ref_cnt_dec() { if (-- m_ref_cnt == 0) delete this; }
     void clear() {
diff --git a/src/libslic3r/PrintApply.cpp b/src/libslic3r/PrintApply.cpp
index e2e9bc737d..bb9da850ca 100644
--- a/src/libslic3r/PrintApply.cpp
+++ b/src/libslic3r/PrintApply.cpp
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 #include "ClipperUtils.hpp"
 #include "Model.hpp"
 #include "Print.hpp"
+#include "FilamentMixer.hpp"
 
 #include <boost/log/trivial.hpp>
 #include <cfloat>
@@ -886,7 +887,12 @@ bool verify_update_print_object_regions(
             size_t hash = regions[i]->config_hash();
             size_t j = i;
             for (++ j; j < regions.size() && regions[j]->config_hash() == hash; ++ j)
-                if (regions[i]->config() == regions[j]->config()) {
+                // Same config but different gradient_volume_id is intentional (per-part gradient
+                // splitting) and must NOT be flagged as a merge. When per-part is off all regions
+                // carry an invalid (default) gradient_volume_id, so the AND condition is always
+                // true and behavior matches the legacy check.
+                if (regions[i]->config() == regions[j]->config()
+                    && regions[i]->gradient_volume_id() == regions[j]->gradient_volume_id()) {
                     // Regions were merged. We need to reslice.
                     return false;
                 }
@@ -978,7 +984,10 @@ static PrintObjectRegions* generate_print_object_regions(
     const float                                  xy_contour_compensation,
     const std::vector<unsigned int>             &painting_extruders,
     std::vector<int>                            &variant_index,
-    const bool                                   has_painted_fuzzy_skin)
+    const bool                                   has_painted_fuzzy_skin,
+    // Per-part gradient: slot_per_part_enabled[s-1] is true when mixed slot s has
+    // filament_mixed_gradient_per_part on. Empty / all-false preserves legacy behavior.
+    const std::vector<bool>                     &slot_per_part_enabled = {})
 {
     // Reuse the old object or generate a new one.
     auto out = print_object_regions_old ? std::unique_ptr<PrintObjectRegions>(print_object_regions_old) : std::make_unique<PrintObjectRegions>();
@@ -1013,19 +1022,71 @@ static PrintObjectRegions* generate_print_object_regions(
     update_volume_bboxes(layer_ranges_regions, out->cached_volume_ids, model_volumes, out->trafo_bboxes, is_mm_painted ? 0.f : std::max(0.f, xy_contour_compensation));
 
     std::vector<PrintRegion*> region_set;
-    auto get_create_region = [&region_set, &all_regions](PrintRegionConfig &&config) -> PrintRegion* {
+    // Look up or create a PrintRegion. The optional volume_tag, when valid (non-zero ObjectID),
+    // keys the region to one ModelVolume so two volumes with identical settings still get
+    // separate regions — needed so each part can run its own gradient. A default (invalid)
+    // tag reproduces the previous lookup exactly.
+    auto get_create_region = [&region_set, &all_regions](PrintRegionConfig &&config, ObjectID volume_tag = ObjectID()) -> PrintRegion* {
         size_t hash = config.hash();
-        auto it = Slic3r::lower_bound_by_predicate(region_set.begin(), region_set.end(), [&config, hash](const PrintRegion* l) {
-            return l->config_hash() < hash || (l->config_hash() == hash && l->config() < config); });
-        if (it != region_set.end() && (*it)->config_hash() == hash && (*it)->config() == config)
+        auto it = Slic3r::lower_bound_by_predicate(region_set.begin(), region_set.end(), [&config, hash, volume_tag](const PrintRegion* l) {
+            return l->config_hash() < hash || (l->config_hash() == hash && l->config() < config)
+                || (l->config_hash() == hash && l->config() == config && l->gradient_volume_id() < volume_tag); });
+        if (it != region_set.end() && (*it)->config_hash() == hash && (*it)->config() == config
+            && (*it)->gradient_volume_id() == volume_tag)
             return *it;
         // Insert into a sorted array, it has O(n) complexity, but the calling algorithm has an O(n^2*log(n)) complexity anyways.
-        all_regions.emplace_back(std::make_unique<PrintRegion>(std::move(config), hash, int(all_regions.size())));
+        all_regions.emplace_back(std::make_unique<PrintRegion>(std::move(config), hash, int(all_regions.size()), volume_tag));
         PrintRegion *region = all_regions.back().get();
         region_set.emplace(it, region);
         return region;
     };
 
+    // Per-part gradient: count how many model-part volumes in this object use each
+    // per-part-enabled gradient slot. Only slots with at least 2 users get their volumes
+    // tagged — a single-user slot gains nothing from per-volume splitting and would only
+    // inflate the region count. Empty slot_per_part_enabled leaves this empty, so
+    // compute_volume_tag below always returns an invalid tag and nothing changes.
+    std::vector<int> per_part_volume_users;
+    if (!slot_per_part_enabled.empty()) {
+        per_part_volume_users.assign(slot_per_part_enabled.size(), 0);
+        for (const ModelVolume *mv : model_volumes) {
+            if (! mv->is_model_part())
+                continue;
+            const DynamicPrintConfig *range_cfg = layer_ranges_regions.empty() ? nullptr : layer_ranges_regions.front().config;
+            PrintRegionConfig vol_cfg = region_config_from_model_volume(default_region_config, range_cfg, *mv, num_extruders, variant_index);
+            for (unsigned int s_1based : { (unsigned int)vol_cfg.outer_wall_filament_id.value,
+                                           (unsigned int)vol_cfg.inner_wall_filament_id.value,
+                                           (unsigned int)vol_cfg.sparse_infill_filament_id.value,
+                                           (unsigned int)vol_cfg.internal_solid_filament_id.value,
+                                           (unsigned int)vol_cfg.top_surface_filament_id.value,
+                                           (unsigned int)vol_cfg.bottom_surface_filament_id.value }) {
+                if (s_1based >= 1
+                    && size_t(s_1based - 1) < slot_per_part_enabled.size()
+                    && slot_per_part_enabled[s_1based - 1])
+                    ++per_part_volume_users[s_1based - 1];
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    auto compute_volume_tag = [&](const PrintRegionConfig &cfg, const ModelVolume &mv) -> ObjectID {
+        if (per_part_volume_users.empty())
+            return ObjectID();
+        auto qualifies = [&](unsigned int s_1based) {
+            return s_1based >= 1
+                && size_t(s_1based - 1) < slot_per_part_enabled.size()
+                && slot_per_part_enabled[s_1based - 1]
+                && per_part_volume_users[s_1based - 1] >= 2;
+        };
+        if (qualifies((unsigned int)cfg.outer_wall_filament_id.value)
+            || qualifies((unsigned int)cfg.inner_wall_filament_id.value)
+            || qualifies((unsigned int)cfg.sparse_infill_filament_id.value)
+            || qualifies((unsigned int)cfg.internal_solid_filament_id.value)
+            || qualifies((unsigned int)cfg.top_surface_filament_id.value)
+            || qualifies((unsigned int)cfg.bottom_surface_filament_id.value)) {
+            return mv.id();
+        }
+        return ObjectID();
+    };
+
     // Chain the regions in the order they are stored in the volumes list.
     for (int volume_id = 0; volume_id < int(model_volumes.size()); ++ volume_id) {
         const ModelVolume &volume = *model_volumes[volume_id];
@@ -1034,9 +1095,11 @@ static PrintObjectRegions* generate_print_object_regions(
                 if (const PrintObjectRegions::BoundingBox *bbox = find_volume_extents(layer_range, volume); bbox) {
                     if (volume.is_model_part()) {
                         // Add a model volume, assign an existing region or generate a new one.
+                        PrintRegionConfig vol_cfg = region_config_from_model_volume(default_region_config, layer_range.config, volume, num_extruders, variant_index);
+                        ObjectID volume_tag = compute_volume_tag(vol_cfg, volume);
                         layer_range.volume_regions.push_back({
                             &volume, -1,
-                            get_create_region(region_config_from_model_volume(default_region_config, layer_range.config, volume, num_extruders, variant_index)),
+                            get_create_region(std::move(vol_cfg), volume_tag),
                             bbox
                         });
                     } else if (volume.is_negative_volume()) {
@@ -1121,6 +1184,12 @@ static PrintObjectRegions* generate_print_object_regions(
         }
     }
 
+
+    // Save the slot_per_part_enabled bit vector that produced these regions, so the guard in
+    // Print::apply can detect changes on the next call even when PrintRegionConfig did not
+    // change. Always written — including an empty vector — so the snapshot always reflects
+    // the exact input used to generate the current regions.
+    out->last_slot_per_part_enabled = slot_per_part_enabled;
     return out.release();
 }
 
@@ -1141,6 +1210,17 @@ Print::ApplyStatus Print::apply(const Model &model, DynamicPrintConfig new_full_
     std::vector <unsigned int> used_filaments = this->extruders(true);
     std::unordered_set <unsigned int> used_filament_set(used_filaments.begin(), used_filaments.end());
 
+    // A mixed slot is virtual: the filaments actually consumed are its components, so add them
+    // to the used set or they would be treated as unused and stripped from the config.
+    {
+        auto* is_mixed_opt  = new_full_config.option<ConfigOptionBools>("filament_is_mixed");
+        auto* comp_strs_opt = new_full_config.option<ConfigOptionStrings>("filament_mixed_components");
+        if (is_mixed_opt && comp_strs_opt && has_any_mixed_filament(is_mixed_opt->values)) {
+            auto expanded = expand_mixed_filaments(used_filaments, is_mixed_opt->values, comp_strs_opt->values);
+            used_filament_set.insert(expanded.begin(), expanded.end());
+        }
+    }
+
     //new_full_config.normalize_fdm(used_filaments);
     new_full_config.normalize_fdm_1();
     t_config_option_keys changed_keys = new_full_config.normalize_fdm_2(objects().size(), used_filaments.size());
@@ -1802,6 +1882,29 @@ Print::ApplyStatus Print::apply(const Model &model, DynamicPrintConfig new_full_
         update_filament_self_index_cache();
     }
 
+    // Per-part gradient: compute the per-slot enable bit vector once for this Print::apply pass.
+    // Used by generate_print_object_regions to decide which volumes deserve their own PrintRegion.
+    std::vector<bool> slot_per_part_enabled;
+    {
+        const auto &is_mixed_vec   = m_config.filament_is_mixed.values;
+        const auto &grad_vec       = m_config.filament_mixed_gradient.values;
+        const auto &per_part_vec   = m_config.filament_mixed_gradient_per_part.values;
+        const auto &components_vec = m_config.filament_mixed_components.values;
+        slot_per_part_enabled.assign(is_mixed_vec.size(), false);
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < is_mixed_vec.size(); ++i) {
+            if (! is_mixed_vec[i])
+                continue;
+            std::vector<unsigned int> comps = parse_mixed_components(i < components_vec.size() ? components_vec[i] : "");
+            if (comps.size() != 2)
+                continue;
+            if (i >= grad_vec.size() || ! grad_vec[i])
+                continue;
+            if (i >= per_part_vec.size() || ! per_part_vec[i])
+                continue;
+            slot_per_part_enabled[i] = true;
+        }
+    }
+
     // All regions now have distinct settings.
     // Check whether applying the new region config defaults we would get different regions,
     // update regions or create regions from scratch.
@@ -1862,6 +1965,15 @@ Print::ApplyStatus Print::apply(const Model &model, DynamicPrintConfig new_full_
                                 update_apply_status((*it)->invalidate_state_by_config_options(old_config, new_config, diff_keys));
                     },
                     print_variant_index)) {
+                // Per-part gradient: PrintRegionConfig alone cannot reveal a change in which slots
+                // have per-part enabled, so compare against the snapshot taken when these regions
+                // were generated and regenerate on any difference (slot toggled, per-part moved
+                // between slots, eligibility changed via components / gradient / is_mixed).
+                if (print_object_regions->last_slot_per_part_enabled != slot_per_part_enabled) {
+                    invalidate();
+                    model_object_status.print_object_regions_status = ModelObjectStatus::PrintObjectRegionsStatus::PartiallyValid;
+                    print_regions_reshuffled = true;
+                }
                 // Regions are valid, just keep them.
             } else {
                 // Regions were reshuffled.
@@ -1884,7 +1996,8 @@ Print::ApplyStatus Print::apply(const Model &model, DynamicPrintConfig new_full_
                 print_object.is_mm_painted() ? 0.f : float(print_object.config().xy_contour_compensation.value),
                 painting_extruders,
                 print_variant_index,
-                print_object.is_fuzzy_skin_painted());
+                print_object.is_fuzzy_skin_painted(),
+                slot_per_part_enabled);
         }
         for (auto it = it_print_object; it != it_print_object_end; ++it)
             if ((*it)->m_shared_regions) {
diff --git a/src/libslic3r/PrintConfig.cpp b/src/libslic3r/PrintConfig.cpp
index 8083da954e..43559a3120 100644
--- a/src/libslic3r/PrintConfig.cpp
+++ b/src/libslic3r/PrintConfig.cpp
@@ -3263,6 +3263,62 @@ void PrintConfigDef::init_fff_params()
     def->mode = comAdvanced;
     def->set_default_value(new ConfigOptionBools { false });
 
+    // Mixed-color filament. A slot flagged here is virtual: it is not loaded into any
+    // physical extruder, but resolved at slicing time into the physical filaments listed
+    // in filament_mixed_components, blended either by splitting each layer into
+    // sub-layers or by alternating whole layers (see enable_mixed_color_sublayer).
+    def          = this->add("filament_is_mixed", coBools);
+    def->label   = L("Is mixed filament");
+    def->tooltip = L("Whether this filament slot is a mixed filament composed of multiple physical filaments");
+    def->mode    = comDevelop;
+    def->set_default_value(new ConfigOptionBools{false});
+
+    def          = this->add("filament_mixed_components", coStrings);
+    def->label   = L("Mixed filament components");
+    def->tooltip = L("Comma-separated 1-based indices of component filaments, e.g. \"1,3\"");
+    def->mode    = comDevelop;
+    def->set_default_value(new ConfigOptionStrings{""});
+
+    def          = this->add("filament_mixed_sublayer_ratios", coStrings);
+    def->label   = L("Mixed filament sublayer ratios");
+    def->tooltip = L("Comma-separated ratio values summing to 1.0, e.g. \"0.7,0.3\"");
+    def->mode    = comDevelop;
+    def->set_default_value(new ConfigOptionStrings{""});
+
+    def          = this->add("filament_mixed_gradient", coBools);
+    def->label   = L("Mixed filament gradient");
+    def->tooltip = L("Enable Z-direction gradient mode for mixed filament sub-layers. "
+                     "When enabled, the sub-layer ratios vary linearly across layers.");
+    def->mode    = comDevelop;
+    def->set_default_value(new ConfigOptionBools{false});
+
+    def          = this->add("filament_mixed_gradient_range", coStrings);
+    def->label   = L("Mixed filament gradient range");
+    def->tooltip = L("Start and end ratios for the first component in gradient mode. "
+                     "Comma-separated pair, e.g. \"0.10,0.90\" means 10% to 90%.");
+    def->mode    = comDevelop;
+    def->set_default_value(new ConfigOptionStrings{""});
+
+    def          = this->add("filament_mixed_gradient_curve", coStrings);
+    def->label   = L("Mixed filament gradient curve");
+    def->tooltip = L("Optional Photoshop-style custom curve mapping Z progress to the first "
+                     "component ratio. Encoded as pipe-separated control points, "
+                     "either \"x,y\" (legacy) or \"x,y,m_in,m_out\" when a tangent override "
+                     "is needed (empty token or \"nan\" means use PCHIP default). "
+                     "x in [0,1]; y is clamped to the configured ratio range, "
+                     "e.g. \"0,0.15|0.5,0.50|1,0.85\". When empty, the linear "
+                     "gradient_range is used instead.");
+    def->mode    = comDevelop;
+    def->set_default_value(new ConfigOptionStrings{""});
+
+    def          = this->add("filament_mixed_gradient_per_part", coBools);
+    def->label   = L("Mixed filament per-part gradient");
+    def->tooltip = L("When gradient mode is enabled, apply the gradient to each part of an "
+                     "assembly independently rather than treating the whole assembly as one "
+                     "Z range.");
+    def->mode    = comDevelop;
+    def->set_default_value(new ConfigOptionBools{false});
+
     // defined in bits
     // 0 means cannot support, 1 means support
     // 0 bit: can support in left extruder
@@ -7402,6 +7458,14 @@ void PrintConfigDef::init_fff_params()
     def->mode = comAdvanced;
     def->set_default_value(new ConfigOptionFloats { 1. });
 
+    def = this->add("enable_mixed_color_sublayer", coBool);
+    def->label = L("Mixed color sublayer");
+    def->tooltip = L("Enable mixed color sublayer splitting. When enabled, layers containing mixed color "
+                     "filaments will be split into sub-layers to achieve color mixing effects.");
+    def->category = L("Quality");
+    def->mode = comSimple;
+    def->set_default_value(new ConfigOptionBool(false));
+
     def = this->add("enable_prime_tower", coBool);
     def->label = L("Enable");
     def->tooltip = L("The wiping tower can be used to clean up residue on the nozzle and stabilize the chamber pressure inside the nozzle in order to avoid appearance defects when printing objects.");
diff --git a/src/libslic3r/PrintConfig.hpp b/src/libslic3r/PrintConfig.hpp
index 255c8721b9..330151c4d3 100644
--- a/src/libslic3r/PrintConfig.hpp
+++ b/src/libslic3r/PrintConfig.hpp
@@ -1538,6 +1538,14 @@ PRINT_CONFIG_CLASS_DEFINE(
     ((ConfigOptionStrings,             filament_colour))
     ((ConfigOptionStrings,             filament_vendor))
     ((ConfigOptionBools,               filament_is_support))
+    // Mixed-color filament: a virtual slot realized from 2-3 physical filaments.
+    ((ConfigOptionBools,               filament_is_mixed))
+    ((ConfigOptionStrings,             filament_mixed_components))
+    ((ConfigOptionStrings,             filament_mixed_sublayer_ratios))
+    ((ConfigOptionBools,               filament_mixed_gradient))
+    ((ConfigOptionStrings,             filament_mixed_gradient_range))
+    ((ConfigOptionStrings,             filament_mixed_gradient_curve))
+    ((ConfigOptionBools,               filament_mixed_gradient_per_part))
     ((ConfigOptionInts,                filament_printable))
     ((ConfigOptionInts,                filament_extruder_compatibility))
     ((ConfigOptionFloats,              filament_change_length))
@@ -1838,6 +1846,7 @@ PRINT_CONFIG_CLASS_DERIVED_DEFINE(
     ((ConfigOptionInts,               nozzle_temperature_range_low))
     ((ConfigOptionInts,               nozzle_temperature_range_high))
     ((ConfigOptionFloats,             wipe_distance))
+    ((ConfigOptionBool,               enable_mixed_color_sublayer))
     ((ConfigOptionBool,               enable_prime_tower))
     ((ConfigOptionBool,               prime_tower_enable_framework))
     // BBS: change wipe_tower_x and wipe_tower_y data type to floats to add partplate logic
diff --git a/src/libslic3r/TexturePainting.cpp b/src/libslic3r/TexturePainting.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..187f218863
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/libslic3r/TexturePainting.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,663 @@
+#include "TexturePainting.hpp"
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <cmath>
+#include <map>
+#include <set>
+#include <utility>
+
+#include <opencv2/core.hpp>
+#include <opencv2/imgcodecs.hpp>
+#include <opencv2/imgproc.hpp>
+
+#include <boost/log/trivial.hpp>
+
+#include "TextureToColor/TextureToColor.hpp"
+#include "TextureToColor/ColorUtils.hpp"
+
+#include "Model.hpp"
+#include "TriangleMesh.hpp"
+#include "TriangleSelector.hpp"
+
+namespace Slic3r {
+
+static cv::Mat decode_texture_image(const TextureImage& img) {
+    if (img.data.empty())
+        return {};
+
+    // Raw encoded image data (PNG/JPEG) from glTF loader: width == -1
+    if (img.width <= 0 || img.height <= 0) {
+        std::vector<unsigned char> buf(img.data.begin(), img.data.end());
+        cv::Mat raw(1, static_cast<int>(buf.size()), CV_8UC1, buf.data());
+        cv::Mat decoded = cv::imdecode(raw, cv::IMREAD_COLOR);
+        return decoded;
+    }
+
+    int cv_type = (img.channels == 4) ? CV_8UC4 : CV_8UC3;
+    std::vector<unsigned char> pixel_buf(img.data.begin(), img.data.end());
+    cv::Mat src(img.height, img.width, cv_type, pixel_buf.data());
+
+    cv::Mat bgr;
+    if (img.channels == 4)
+        cv::cvtColor(src, bgr, cv::COLOR_RGBA2BGR);
+    else if (img.channels == 3)
+        cv::cvtColor(src, bgr, cv::COLOR_RGB2BGR);
+    else
+        return {};
+
+    return bgr;
+}
+
+static void build_tex2color_mesh(
+    const TexturedMesh& textured,
+    tex2color::TriMesh& mesh,
+    std::vector<std::vector<Vec2f>>& uv_coords)
+{
+    const size_t nv = textured.vertices.size();
+    const size_t nf = textured.indices.size();
+
+    mesh.vertices.resize(nv);
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < nv; ++i) {
+        mesh.vertices[i] = Vec3f(
+            textured.vertices[i][0],
+            textured.vertices[i][1],
+            textured.vertices[i][2]);
+    }
+
+    mesh.indices.resize(nf);
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < nf; ++i) {
+        mesh.indices[i] = Vec3i32(
+            textured.indices[i][0],
+            textured.indices[i][1],
+            textured.indices[i][2]);
+    }
+
+    uv_coords.resize(nf);
+    for (size_t fi = 0; fi < nf; ++fi) {
+        uv_coords[fi].resize(3);
+        for (int vi = 0; vi < 3; ++vi) {
+            if (textured.has_face_uvs()) {
+                int uv_idx = textured.uv_indices[fi][vi];
+                if (uv_idx >= 0 && static_cast<size_t>(uv_idx) < textured.uv_coords.size()) {
+                    uv_coords[fi][vi] = Vec2f(
+                        textured.uv_coords[uv_idx][0],
+                        textured.uv_coords[uv_idx][1]);
+                } else {
+                    uv_coords[fi][vi] = Vec2f(0.f, 0.f);
+                }
+            } else {
+                int vtx_idx = textured.indices[fi][vi];
+                if (vtx_idx >= 0 && static_cast<size_t>(vtx_idx) < textured.uvs.size()) {
+                    uv_coords[fi][vi] = Vec2f(
+                        textured.uvs[vtx_idx][0],
+                        textured.uvs[vtx_idx][1]);
+                } else {
+                    uv_coords[fi][vi] = Vec2f(0.f, 0.f);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+static void extract_painted_mesh(
+    const tex2color::TriMesh& color_mesh,
+    const std::vector<std::array<std::size_t,3>>& face_colors,
+    PaintedMesh& painted)
+{
+    const size_t nv = color_mesh.vertices.size();
+    const size_t nf = color_mesh.indices.size();
+
+    painted.vertices.resize(nv);
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < nv; ++i) {
+        const auto& v = color_mesh.vertices[i];
+        painted.vertices[i] = {v.x(), v.y(), v.z()};
+    }
+
+    painted.indices.resize(nf);
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < nf; ++i) {
+        const auto& f = color_mesh.indices[i];
+        painted.indices[i] = {f[0], f[1], f[2]};
+    }
+
+    painted.face_colors = face_colors;
+
+    std::set<std::array<std::size_t,3>> unique_colors(face_colors.begin(), face_colors.end());
+    painted.cluster_colors.assign(unique_colors.begin(), unique_colors.end());
+}
+
+// Build a vertically-stacked atlas from multiple textures and remap per-face UVs.
+//
+// Sub-textures are laid out left-aligned (x=0) at successive y offsets, with
+// atlas_w taken as the maximum width across all sub-textures. UVs must therefore
+// be remapped on BOTH axes so that faces belonging to a sub-texture narrower
+// than atlas_w sample inside that sub-texture's region (left side of the atlas)
+// instead of the right-side zero-padding. Materials that carry only a baseColor
+// (no map_Kd / glTF baseColorTexture) get their own 1x1 swatch at the bottom of
+// the atlas so their faces sample the correct flat colour rather than being
+// silently aliased onto textures[0].
+static bool build_multi_texture_atlas(
+    const TexturedMesh& textured,
+    cv::Mat& out_atlas,
+    std::vector<std::vector<Vec2f>>& out_uv_coords)
+{
+    std::vector<cv::Mat> decoded;
+    decoded.reserve(textured.textures.size());
+    for (const auto& ti : textured.textures)
+        decoded.push_back(decode_texture_image(ti));
+
+    const bool   has_mapping = !textured.material_texture_map.empty();
+    const size_t nf          = textured.indices.size();
+
+    auto resolve_tex_idx = [&](int mat_idx) -> int {
+        if (!has_mapping || mat_idx < 0
+            || static_cast<size_t>(mat_idx) >= textured.material_texture_map.size())
+            return -1;
+        const int ti = textured.material_texture_map[mat_idx];
+        if (ti < 0 || static_cast<size_t>(ti) >= decoded.size() || decoded[ti].empty())
+            return -1;
+        return ti;
+    };
+
+    // Determine atlas width (max width across all textures) and per-texture row offsets.
+    int atlas_w = 0;
+    int atlas_h = 0;
+    std::vector<int> y_offsets(decoded.size(), 0);
+    int first_usable_tex = -1;
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < decoded.size(); ++i) {
+        if (decoded[i].empty()) continue;
+        if (first_usable_tex < 0) first_usable_tex = static_cast<int>(i);
+        y_offsets[i] = atlas_h;
+        atlas_w = std::max(atlas_w, decoded[i].cols);
+        atlas_h += decoded[i].rows;
+    }
+    if (atlas_w == 0 || atlas_h == 0)
+        return false;
+
+    // Collect materials that have a baseColor but no usable texture so we can
+    // route their faces to a dedicated 1x1 solid swatch instead of aliasing
+    // them onto textures[0].
+    std::map<int, int>                 mat_solid_y;     // mat_idx -> y row in atlas
+    std::map<int, std::array<float,4>> mat_solid_color; // mat_idx -> baseColor (RGBA)
+    for (size_t fi = 0; fi < nf; ++fi) {
+        const int mat_idx = (fi < textured.material_ids.size()) ? textured.material_ids[fi] : -1;
+        if (mat_idx < 0) continue;
+        if (resolve_tex_idx(mat_idx) >= 0) continue;
+        if (static_cast<size_t>(mat_idx) >= textured.material_colors.size()) continue;
+        if (mat_solid_y.find(mat_idx) != mat_solid_y.end()) continue;
+        mat_solid_y[mat_idx]     = atlas_h++;
+        mat_solid_color[mat_idx] = textured.material_colors[mat_idx];
+    }
+
+    out_atlas = cv::Mat::zeros(atlas_h, atlas_w, CV_8UC3);
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < decoded.size(); ++i) {
+        if (decoded[i].empty()) continue;
+        cv::Mat roi = out_atlas(cv::Rect(0, y_offsets[i], decoded[i].cols, decoded[i].rows));
+        decoded[i].copyTo(roi);
+    }
+    for (const auto& kv : mat_solid_color) {
+        const auto& c = kv.second;
+        // OpenCV stores BGR; baseColor is RGBA in [0,1].
+        out_atlas.at<cv::Vec3b>(mat_solid_y[kv.first], 0) = cv::Vec3b(
+            static_cast<uchar>(std::clamp(c[2] * 255.f, 0.f, 255.f)),
+            static_cast<uchar>(std::clamp(c[1] * 255.f, 0.f, 255.f)),
+            static_cast<uchar>(std::clamp(c[0] * 255.f, 0.f, 255.f)));
+    }
+
+    out_uv_coords.resize(nf);
+    for (size_t fi = 0; fi < nf; ++fi) {
+        const int mat_idx = (fi < textured.material_ids.size()) ? textured.material_ids[fi] : -1;
+        const int tex_idx = resolve_tex_idx(mat_idx);
+
+        // Pick the atlas region this face samples from.
+        int  y_off = 0, x_off = 0, th = atlas_h, tw = atlas_w;
+        bool use_solid = false;
+        if (tex_idx >= 0) {
+            y_off = y_offsets[tex_idx];
+            th    = decoded[tex_idx].rows;
+            tw    = decoded[tex_idx].cols;
+        } else if (mat_idx >= 0 && mat_solid_y.count(mat_idx) > 0) {
+            y_off     = mat_solid_y[mat_idx];
+            th        = 1;
+            tw        = 1;
+            use_solid = true;
+        } else if (first_usable_tex >= 0) {
+            // Last-resort fallback: faces without a material or without any
+            // baseColor still need somewhere to sample; the first usable
+            // texture preserves legacy behaviour and, with the per-axis
+            // remapping below, no longer aliases onto the zero-padded right
+            // margin even when sub-textures have unequal widths.
+            y_off = y_offsets[first_usable_tex];
+            th    = decoded[first_usable_tex].rows;
+            tw    = decoded[first_usable_tex].cols;
+        }
+
+        out_uv_coords[fi].resize(3);
+        for (int vi = 0; vi < 3; ++vi) {
+            float u = 0.f, v = 0.f;
+            if (textured.has_face_uvs()) {
+                int uv_idx = textured.uv_indices[fi][vi];
+                if (uv_idx >= 0 && static_cast<size_t>(uv_idx) < textured.uv_coords.size()) {
+                    u = textured.uv_coords[uv_idx][0];
+                    v = textured.uv_coords[uv_idx][1];
+                }
+            } else {
+                int vtx_idx = textured.indices[fi][vi];
+                if (vtx_idx >= 0 && static_cast<size_t>(vtx_idx) < textured.uvs.size()) {
+                    u = textured.uvs[vtx_idx][0];
+                    v = textured.uvs[vtx_idx][1];
+                }
+            }
+            if (use_solid) {
+                // Aim at the centre of the 1x1 swatch so bilinear sampling
+                // (in tex2color) cannot drift into neighbouring rows.
+                const float u_atlas = (x_off + 0.5f) / static_cast<float>(atlas_w);
+                const float v_atlas = (y_off + 0.5f) / static_cast<float>(atlas_h);
+                out_uv_coords[fi][vi] = Vec2f(u_atlas, v_atlas);
+            } else {
+                // Wrap to [0,1) on both axes (OBJ tile UVs may step outside
+                // the unit square), then scale by the sub-texture extents so
+                // samples land inside its actual region. Without scaling u,
+                // any sub-texture narrower than atlas_w would have all its
+                // faces sampled from the right-side zero-padding.
+                u = u - std::floor(u);
+                v = v - std::floor(v);
+                const float u_atlas = (x_off + u * tw) / static_cast<float>(atlas_w);
+                const float v_atlas = (y_off + v * th) / static_cast<float>(atlas_h);
+                out_uv_coords[fi][vi] = Vec2f(u_atlas, v_atlas);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool texture_to_painting(
+    const TexturedMesh& textured,
+    PaintedMesh& painted,
+    const TexturePaintingSettings& settings,
+    PaintProgressCallback progress,
+    PaintCancelCallback cancel)
+{
+    if (textured.vertices.empty() || textured.indices.empty() || textured.textures.empty())
+        return false;
+
+    cv::Mat texture;
+    tex2color::TriMesh input_mesh;
+    std::vector<std::vector<Vec2f>> uv_coords;
+
+    const bool multi_tex = textured.textures.size() > 1 && !textured.material_texture_map.empty();
+
+    if (multi_tex) {
+        if (!build_multi_texture_atlas(textured, texture, uv_coords))
+            return false;
+        // Build mesh geometry (atlas UVs already computed above)
+        const size_t nv = textured.vertices.size();
+        const size_t nf = textured.indices.size();
+        input_mesh.vertices.resize(nv);
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < nv; ++i)
+            input_mesh.vertices[i] = Vec3f(
+                textured.vertices[i][0], textured.vertices[i][1], textured.vertices[i][2]);
+        input_mesh.indices.resize(nf);
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < nf; ++i)
+            input_mesh.indices[i] = Vec3i32(
+                textured.indices[i][0], textured.indices[i][1], textured.indices[i][2]);
+    } else {
+        texture = decode_texture_image(textured.textures[0]);
+        if (texture.empty())
+            return false;
+        build_tex2color_mesh(textured, input_mesh, uv_coords);
+    }
+
+    tex2color::TextureToColorSettings algo_settings;
+    algo_settings.target_colors_num  = settings.target_colors_num;
+    algo_settings.smooth_weight      = settings.smooth_weight;
+    algo_settings.oversampling_iters = settings.oversampling_iters;
+    switch (settings.mesh_repair_decision) {
+    case TexturePaintingSettings::MeshRepairDecision::Ask:
+        algo_settings.mesh_repair_decision = tex2color::MeshRepairDecision::Ask;
+        break;
+    case TexturePaintingSettings::MeshRepairDecision::RepairAndImport:
+        algo_settings.mesh_repair_decision = tex2color::MeshRepairDecision::RepairAndImport;
+        break;
+    case TexturePaintingSettings::MeshRepairDecision::ImportWithoutRepair:
+    default:
+        algo_settings.mesh_repair_decision = tex2color::MeshRepairDecision::ImportWithoutRepair;
+        break;
+    }
+
+    tex2color::AlgoProgressCallback algo_progress = nullptr;
+    if (progress) {
+        algo_progress = [&progress](tex2color::AlgoProgress p) {
+            progress(p.percent, p.message);
+        };
+    }
+
+    tex2color::AlgoCancelCallback algo_cancel = nullptr;
+    if (cancel) {
+        algo_cancel = [&cancel]() -> bool { return cancel(); };
+    }
+
+    tex2color::TriMesh color_mesh;
+    std::vector<std::array<std::size_t,3>> face_colors;
+    algo_settings.mesh_repair_decision_required = settings.mesh_repair_decision_required;
+    algo_settings.mesh_repair_callback = settings.mesh_repair_callback;
+
+    bool ok = tex2color::TextureToColor(
+        input_mesh, uv_coords, texture,
+        color_mesh, face_colors,
+        algo_settings, algo_progress, algo_cancel);
+
+    if (!ok)
+        return false;
+
+    extract_painted_mesh(color_mesh, face_colors, painted);
+    return true;
+}
+
+double compute_delta_e(
+    const std::array<std::size_t,3>& rgb1,
+    const std::array<float,4>& rgba2)
+{
+    return tex2color::color_utils::calc_rgb_color_difference_by_ciede2000(
+        rgb1,
+        {
+            static_cast<std::size_t>(rgba2[0] * 255.0f),
+            static_cast<std::size_t>(rgba2[1] * 255.0f),
+            static_cast<std::size_t>(rgba2[2] * 255.0f)
+        });
+}
+
+std::vector<FilamentMatch> match_clusters_to_filaments(
+    const std::vector<std::array<std::size_t,3>>& cluster_colors,
+    const std::vector<std::array<float,4>>& filament_colors,
+    const std::vector<std::string>& /*filament_names*/)
+{
+    std::vector<FilamentMatch> matches(cluster_colors.size());
+
+    for (size_t ci = 0; ci < cluster_colors.size(); ++ci) {
+        matches[ci].cluster_index = static_cast<int>(ci);
+        matches[ci].cluster_color = cluster_colors[ci];
+        matches[ci].delta_e = 1e9;
+
+        for (size_t fi = 0; fi < filament_colors.size(); ++fi) {
+            double de = compute_delta_e(cluster_colors[ci], filament_colors[fi]);
+            if (de < matches[ci].delta_e) {
+                matches[ci].delta_e = de;
+                matches[ci].filament_index = static_cast<int>(fi);
+                matches[ci].filament_color = filament_colors[fi];
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    return matches;
+}
+
+bool apply_painted_mesh_to_volume(
+    const PaintedMesh& painted,
+    const std::vector<FilamentMatch>& matches,
+    ModelVolume& volume)
+{
+    if (painted.face_colors.empty() || matches.empty())
+        return false;
+
+    const auto& cluster_colors = painted.cluster_colors;
+    std::map<std::array<std::size_t,3>, int> color_to_filament;
+    for (const auto& m : matches) {
+        if (m.cluster_index >= 0 && m.cluster_index < (int)cluster_colors.size() && m.filament_index >= 0)
+            color_to_filament[cluster_colors[m.cluster_index]] = m.filament_index;
+    }
+
+    indexed_triangle_set its;
+    its.vertices.resize(painted.vertices.size());
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < painted.vertices.size(); ++i) {
+        its.vertices[i] = Vec3f(
+            painted.vertices[i][0],
+            painted.vertices[i][1],
+            painted.vertices[i][2]);
+    }
+    its.indices.resize(painted.indices.size());
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < painted.indices.size(); ++i) {
+        its.indices[i] = Vec3i32(
+            painted.indices[i][0],
+            painted.indices[i][1],
+            painted.indices[i][2]);
+    }
+
+    TriangleMesh new_mesh(std::move(its));
+
+    // The volume already went through ModelObject::add_volume ->
+    // center_geometry_after_creation, which translated its mesh by
+    // -source.mesh_offset (and folded that shift into the volume
+    // transformation). The painted mesh, however, is derived from the
+    // raw textured mesh and is therefore expressed in the original
+    // un-centered coordinate frame. Reuse the exact recorded shift to
+    // align it -- do NOT compute it from the bounding-box centers of
+    // the two meshes: tex2color::TextureToColor performs subdivision
+    // and CGAL polygon-soup repair, so the painted vertex count and
+    // bbox no longer match the original textured mesh and a bbox-
+    // center alignment would silently displace the geometry.
+    //
+    // If the model has been scaled by Model::convert_from_meters /
+    // convert_from_imperial_units after load, the painted mesh fed
+    // here is already in millimetres (Model::convert_* also scales
+    // texture_mesh in place) while source.mesh_offset was recorded
+    // before the conversion and therefore still lives in the original
+    // pre-scaled frame. Bring it into the same frame as the painted
+    // vertices so the alignment shift below stays correct on the
+    // textured-import path. This compensation is scoped to this
+    // function so that other (non-textured) import paths are not
+    // affected.
+    Vec3d mesh_offset = volume.source.mesh_offset;
+    double unit_scale = 1.0;
+    if (volume.source.is_converted_from_meters)
+        unit_scale = 1000.0;
+    else if (volume.source.is_converted_from_inches)
+        unit_scale = 25.4;
+    if (unit_scale != 1.0)
+        mesh_offset *= unit_scale;
+
+    if (!mesh_offset.isApprox(Vec3d::Zero()))
+        new_mesh.translate(-mesh_offset.cast<float>());
+    new_mesh.set_init_shift(mesh_offset);
+
+    // Log bbox drift for diagnostics. Subdivision + CGAL polygon-soup
+    // repair routinely changes vertex count and bbox, so moderate drift
+    // is expected and must not block the apply.
+    if (!new_mesh.empty() && !volume.mesh().empty()) {
+        const Vec3d new_center = new_mesh.bounding_box().center();
+        const Vec3d cur_center = volume.mesh().bounding_box().center();
+        const double diag      = volume.mesh().bounding_box().size().norm();
+        const double drift     = (new_center - cur_center).norm();
+        if (drift > 0.05 * std::max(1.0, diag))
+            BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(warning)
+                << "apply_painted_mesh_to_volume: painted bbox center drifted by "
+                << drift << " (bbox diag=" << diag
+                << ", unit_scale=" << unit_scale
+                << ", from_meters=" << volume.source.is_converted_from_meters
+                << ", from_inches=" << volume.source.is_converted_from_inches << ")";
+        else if (drift > 1e-3 * std::max(1.0, diag))
+            BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(info)
+                << "apply_painted_mesh_to_volume: minor bbox drift "
+                << drift << " (bbox diag=" << diag
+                << ", unit_scale=" << unit_scale << ")";
+    }
+
+    volume.set_mesh(std::move(new_mesh));
+    volume.calculate_convex_hull();
+
+    // Re-center the replaced mesh so its bbox center sits at the origin,
+    // matching what center_geometry_after_creation did for the original mesh.
+    // CGAL repair / subdivision may shift the bbox center (drift); without
+    // re-centering, the volume offset (which was computed for the original
+    // centered mesh) no longer matches, causing the model to float or clip.
+    // Pass false to keep source.mesh_offset unchanged.
+    volume.center_geometry_after_creation(false);
+    volume.invalidate_convex_hull_2d();
+
+    // Mesh geometry has been replaced; any per-face annotation indexed
+    // against the previous triangle set is now stale. mmu_segmentation_facets
+    // is rewritten below from the new selector; reset the others so future
+    // import paths that carry support / seam / fuzzy_skin painting cannot
+    // leak indices from the old mesh into the new one.
+    volume.supported_facets.reset();
+    volume.fuzzy_skin_facets.reset();
+    volume.seam_facets.reset();
+
+    if (ModelObject* obj = volume.get_object())
+        obj->invalidate_bounding_box();
+
+    TriangleSelector selector(volume.mesh());
+    for (size_t fi = 0; fi < painted.face_colors.size() && fi < (size_t)volume.mesh().its.indices.size(); ++fi) {
+        auto it = color_to_filament.find(painted.face_colors[fi]);
+        if (it != color_to_filament.end()) {
+            int extruder_idx = it->second;
+            auto state = static_cast<EnforcerBlockerType>(
+                static_cast<int>(EnforcerBlockerType::Extruder1) + extruder_idx);
+            if (state <= EnforcerBlockerType::ExtruderMax)
+                selector.set_facet(static_cast<int>(fi), state);
+        }
+    }
+
+    volume.mmu_segmentation_facets.set(selector);
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool decode_texture_to_pixels(
+    const TextureImage& img,
+    std::vector<unsigned char>& out_pixels,
+    int& out_w, int& out_h)
+{
+    cv::Mat decoded = decode_texture_image(img);
+    if (decoded.empty())
+        return false;
+
+    // decoded is BGR, CV_8UC3
+    out_w = decoded.cols;
+    out_h = decoded.rows;
+    size_t nbytes = (size_t)out_w * out_h * 3;
+    out_pixels.resize(nbytes);
+
+    if (decoded.isContinuous()) {
+        std::memcpy(out_pixels.data(), decoded.data, nbytes);
+    } else {
+        for (int r = 0; r < out_h; ++r)
+            std::memcpy(out_pixels.data() + r * out_w * 3, decoded.ptr(r), out_w * 3);
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+
+// Sample face color from texture using 3 explicit UV values (centroid + bilinear).
+static std::array<std::size_t,3> sample_face_from_uvs(
+    const cv::Mat& tex,
+    const std::array<float,2>& uv0,
+    const std::array<float,2>& uv1,
+    const std::array<float,2>& uv2)
+{
+    float cu = (uv0[0] + uv1[0] + uv2[0]) / 3.f;
+    float cv_val = (uv0[1] + uv1[1] + uv2[1]) / 3.f;
+
+    cu = cu - std::floor(cu);
+    cv_val = cv_val - std::floor(cv_val);
+
+    float fx = cu * (tex.cols - 1);
+    float fy = cv_val * (tex.rows - 1);
+
+    int x0 = std::clamp(static_cast<int>(fx), 0, tex.cols - 1);
+    int y0 = std::clamp(static_cast<int>(fy), 0, tex.rows - 1);
+    int x1 = std::min(x0 + 1, tex.cols - 1);
+    int y1 = std::min(y0 + 1, tex.rows - 1);
+
+    float wx = fx - x0;
+    float wy = fy - y0;
+
+    const int ch = tex.channels();
+    auto sample = [&](int row, int col) -> std::array<float,3> {
+        const uchar* ptr = tex.data + row * tex.step[0] + col * ch;
+        return {static_cast<float>(ptr[2]), static_cast<float>(ptr[1]), static_cast<float>(ptr[0])};
+    };
+
+    auto c00 = sample(y0, x0);
+    auto c10 = sample(y0, x1);
+    auto c01 = sample(y1, x0);
+    auto c11 = sample(y1, x1);
+
+    std::array<std::size_t,3> color;
+    for (int i = 0; i < 3; ++i) {
+        float top = c00[i] * (1.f - wx) + c10[i] * wx;
+        float bot = c01[i] * (1.f - wx) + c11[i] * wx;
+        color[i] = static_cast<std::size_t>(std::clamp(top * (1.f - wy) + bot * wy, 0.f, 255.f));
+    }
+    return color;
+}
+
+// Legacy overload: look up UVs from per-vertex array by vertex indices.
+static std::array<std::size_t,3> sample_face_from_texture(
+    const cv::Mat& tex,
+    const std::vector<std::array<float,2>>& uvs,
+    const std::array<int,3>& face)
+{
+    std::array<float,2> uv0 = {0.f, 0.f}, uv1 = {0.f, 0.f}, uv2 = {0.f, 0.f};
+    if (face[0] >= 0 && static_cast<size_t>(face[0]) < uvs.size()) uv0 = uvs[face[0]];
+    if (face[1] >= 0 && static_cast<size_t>(face[1]) < uvs.size()) uv1 = uvs[face[1]];
+    if (face[2] >= 0 && static_cast<size_t>(face[2]) < uvs.size()) uv2 = uvs[face[2]];
+    return sample_face_from_uvs(tex, uv0, uv1, uv2);
+}
+
+bool sample_original_face_colors(
+    const TexturedMesh& textured,
+    std::vector<std::array<std::size_t,3>>& out_face_colors)
+{
+    if (textured.indices.empty())
+        return false;
+
+    // Decode all textures up front
+    std::vector<cv::Mat> decoded_textures;
+    decoded_textures.reserve(textured.textures.size());
+    for (const auto& ti : textured.textures) {
+        decoded_textures.push_back(decode_texture_image(ti));
+    }
+
+    const bool has_mapping = !textured.material_texture_map.empty();
+    const size_t nf = textured.indices.size();
+    out_face_colors.resize(nf);
+
+    for (size_t fi = 0; fi < nf; ++fi) {
+        int mat_idx = (fi < textured.material_ids.size()) ? textured.material_ids[fi] : -1;
+
+        int tex_idx = -1;
+        if (has_mapping && mat_idx >= 0 && static_cast<size_t>(mat_idx) < textured.material_texture_map.size())
+            tex_idx = textured.material_texture_map[mat_idx];
+        else if (!decoded_textures.empty())
+            tex_idx = 0; // fallback: single-texture model
+
+        if (tex_idx >= 0 && static_cast<size_t>(tex_idx) < decoded_textures.size()
+            && !decoded_textures[tex_idx].empty()) {
+            if (textured.has_face_uvs()) {
+                const auto& ui = textured.uv_indices[fi];
+                auto get_uv = [&](int vi) -> std::array<float,2> {
+                    int idx = ui[vi];
+                    if (idx >= 0 && static_cast<size_t>(idx) < textured.uv_coords.size())
+                        return textured.uv_coords[idx];
+                    return {0.f, 0.f};
+                };
+                out_face_colors[fi] = sample_face_from_uvs(
+                    decoded_textures[tex_idx], get_uv(0), get_uv(1), get_uv(2));
+            } else {
+                out_face_colors[fi] = sample_face_from_texture(
+                    decoded_textures[tex_idx], textured.uvs, textured.indices[fi]);
+            }
+        } else if (has_mapping && mat_idx >= 0
+                   && static_cast<size_t>(mat_idx) < textured.material_colors.size()) {
+            // No texture — use baseColorFactor as solid color
+            const auto& c = textured.material_colors[mat_idx];
+            out_face_colors[fi] = {
+                static_cast<std::size_t>(std::clamp(c[0] * 255.f, 0.f, 255.f)),
+                static_cast<std::size_t>(std::clamp(c[1] * 255.f, 0.f, 255.f)),
+                static_cast<std::size_t>(std::clamp(c[2] * 255.f, 0.f, 255.f))
+            };
+        } else {
+            out_face_colors[fi] = {192, 192, 192}; // default gray
+        }
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+
+} // namespace Slic3r
diff --git a/src/libslic3r/TexturePainting.hpp b/src/libslic3r/TexturePainting.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ac98e968c7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/libslic3r/TexturePainting.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,115 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <array>
+#include <cstddef>
+#include <functional>
+#include <memory>
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
+struct indexed_triangle_set;
+
+namespace Slic3r {
+
+class TriangleMesh;
+class ModelVolume;
+
+struct TextureImage {
+    int width  = 0;
+    int height = 0;
+    int channels = 4;
+    std::vector<unsigned char> data;
+};
+
+struct TexturedMesh {
+    std::vector<std::array<float,3>>  vertices;
+    std::vector<std::array<int,3>>    indices;
+    std::vector<std::array<float,2>>  uvs;
+    std::vector<TextureImage>         textures;
+    std::vector<int>                  material_ids;
+    // material index -> index in textures[] (-1 if no texture, use material_colors)
+    std::vector<int>                  material_texture_map;
+    // per-material baseColorFactor (RGBA 0-1), indexed by material index
+    std::vector<std::array<float,4>>  material_colors;
+
+    // Per-face independent UV support (for OBJ where the same vertex can have
+    // different texture coordinates on different faces).
+    std::vector<std::array<float,2>>  uv_coords;   // UV coordinate pool
+    std::vector<std::array<int,3>>    uv_indices;   // per-face UV indices into uv_coords
+
+    bool has_face_uvs() const { return !uv_indices.empty() && !uv_coords.empty(); }
+};
+
+struct PaintedMesh {
+    std::vector<std::array<float,3>>            vertices;
+    std::vector<std::array<int,3>>              indices;
+    std::vector<std::array<std::size_t,3>>      face_colors;   // per-face RGB [0..255]
+    std::vector<std::array<std::size_t,3>>      cluster_colors;
+};
+
+using PaintProgressCallback = std::function<void(int percent, const char* message)>;
+using PaintCancelCallback   = std::function<bool()>;
+using PaintMeshRepairCallback = std::function<bool(const indexed_triangle_set& mesh,
+                                                   indexed_triangle_set&       repaired_mesh,
+                                                   std::function<void(const char* message, unsigned progress)> progress_callback,
+                                                   std::function<bool()> cancel_callback,
+                                                   std::string* error_message)>;
+
+struct TexturePaintingSettings {
+    std::size_t target_colors_num  = 4;
+    double      smooth_weight      = 0.5;
+    std::size_t oversampling_iters = 0;
+    enum class MeshRepairDecision {
+        Ask,
+        ImportWithoutRepair,
+        RepairAndImport
+    };
+    MeshRepairDecision mesh_repair_decision = MeshRepairDecision::ImportWithoutRepair;
+    bool* mesh_repair_decision_required = nullptr;
+    PaintMeshRepairCallback mesh_repair_callback;
+};
+
+struct FilamentMatch {
+    int    cluster_index   = -1;
+    int    filament_index  = -1;
+    double delta_e         = 0.0;
+    std::array<std::size_t,3> cluster_color   = {0,0,0};
+    std::array<float,4>       filament_color  = {0,0,0,1};
+};
+
+bool texture_to_painting(
+    const TexturedMesh& textured,
+    PaintedMesh& painted,
+    const TexturePaintingSettings& settings = {},
+    PaintProgressCallback progress = nullptr,
+    PaintCancelCallback cancel = nullptr);
+
+std::vector<FilamentMatch> match_clusters_to_filaments(
+    const std::vector<std::array<std::size_t,3>>& cluster_colors,
+    const std::vector<std::array<float,4>>& filament_colors,
+    const std::vector<std::string>& filament_names);
+
+double compute_delta_e(
+    const std::array<std::size_t,3>& rgb1,
+    const std::array<float,4>& rgba2);
+
+bool apply_painted_mesh_to_volume(
+    const PaintedMesh& painted,
+    const std::vector<FilamentMatch>& matches,
+    ModelVolume& volume);
+
+// Decode a TextureImage (which may contain raw PNG/JPEG bytes) into BGR pixel data.
+// On success, populates out_pixels (BGR, 3 bytes/pixel) and sets out_w/out_h.
+bool decode_texture_to_pixels(
+    const TextureImage& img,
+    std::vector<unsigned char>& out_pixels,
+    int& out_w, int& out_h);
+
+// Sample per-face colors from the correct texture per material_ids.
+// Uses material_texture_map / material_colors for multi-material GLBs.
+// Falls back to textures[0] when the mapping is absent.
+bool sample_original_face_colors(
+    const TexturedMesh& textured,
+    std::vector<std::array<std::size_t,3>>& out_face_colors);
+
+} // namespace Slic3r
diff --git a/src/libslic3r/TextureToColor/Callbacks.hpp b/src/libslic3r/TextureToColor/Callbacks.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..70084f585d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/libslic3r/TextureToColor/Callbacks.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+#pragma once
+#include <functional>
+
+namespace Slic3r { namespace tex2color {
+
+struct AlgoProgress {
+    int percent = 0;
+    const char* message = "";
+};
+
+using AlgoProgressCallback = std::function<void(AlgoProgress)>;
+using AlgoCancelCallback   = std::function<bool()>;
+
+} // namespace tex2color
+} // namespace Slic3r
diff --git a/src/libslic3r/TextureToColor/CgalUtils.hpp b/src/libslic3r/TextureToColor/CgalUtils.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..109d454827
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/libslic3r/TextureToColor/CgalUtils.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,173 @@
+#pragma once
+#include "TriMesh.hpp"
+#include <CGAL/Exact_predicates_inexact_constructions_kernel.h>
+#include <CGAL/Surface_mesh.h>
+#include <CGAL/Polygon_mesh_processing/repair.h>
+#include <chrono>
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <map>
+#include <queue>
+#include <unordered_map>
+#include <unordered_set>
+#include <vector>
+
+namespace Slic3r { namespace tex2color {
+namespace cgalutils {
+
+using Kernel = CGAL::Exact_predicates_inexact_constructions_kernel;
+using CGALMesh = CGAL::Surface_mesh<Kernel::Point_3>;
+
+inline CGALMesh trimesh_to_cgal(const TriMesh& mesh) {
+    CGALMesh cm;
+    std::vector<CGALMesh::Vertex_index> vmap(mesh.vertices.size());
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < mesh.vertices.size(); ++i)
+        vmap[i] = cm.add_vertex(Kernel::Point_3(mesh.vertices[i].x(), mesh.vertices[i].y(), mesh.vertices[i].z()));
+    for (const auto& f : mesh.indices) {
+        cm.add_face(vmap[f[0]], vmap[f[1]], vmap[f[2]]);
+    }
+    return cm;
+}
+
+inline TriMesh cgal_to_trimesh(const CGALMesh& cm) {
+    TriMesh mesh;
+    std::map<CGALMesh::Vertex_index, size_t> vmap;
+    size_t idx = 0;
+    for (auto v : cm.vertices()) {
+        if (!cm.is_valid(v) || cm.is_removed(v)) continue;
+        auto p = cm.point(v);
+        mesh.vertices.push_back(Vec3f((float)p.x(), (float)p.y(), (float)p.z()));
+        vmap[v] = idx++;
+    }
+    for (auto f : cm.faces()) {
+        if (!cm.is_valid(f) || cm.is_removed(f)) continue;
+        auto h = cm.halfedge(f);
+        auto v0 = cm.target(h);
+        auto v1 = cm.target(cm.next(h));
+        auto v2 = cm.target(cm.next(cm.next(h)));
+        mesh.indices.push_back(Vec3i32((int)vmap[v0], (int)vmap[v1], (int)vmap[v2]));
+    }
+    return mesh;
+}
+
+inline bool is_mesh_halfedge_compatible(const TriMesh& mesh) {
+    std::vector<std::unordered_set<std::size_t>> vtx_to_adj_faces(mesh.vertices.size());
+    std::size_t edge_id = 0;
+    std::vector<std::unordered_set<std::size_t>> edge_to_faces;
+    std::vector<std::unordered_set<std::size_t>> vtx_to_prev_vtxs(mesh.vertices.size());
+    std::vector<std::unordered_set<std::size_t>> vtx_to_next_vtxs(mesh.vertices.size());
+    std::vector<std::unordered_map<std::size_t, std::size_t>> vtx_vtx_to_edge(mesh.vertices.size());
+
+    for (std::size_t fid = 0; fid < mesh.indices.size(); ++fid) {
+        const TriFace& face = mesh.indices[fid];
+        if (face[0] == face[1] || face[1] == face[2] || face[2] == face[0]) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        for (std::size_t i = 0; i < 3; ++i) {
+            if (static_cast<std::size_t>(face[i]) >= mesh.vertices.size()) {
+                return false;
+            }
+            vtx_to_adj_faces[face[i]].insert(fid);
+
+            std::size_t prev_vtx = face[(i + 2) % 3];
+            std::size_t next_vtx = face[(i + 1) % 3];
+
+            if (vtx_to_prev_vtxs[face[i]].count(prev_vtx)) {
+                return false;
+            }
+            vtx_to_prev_vtxs[face[i]].insert(prev_vtx);
+
+            if (vtx_to_next_vtxs[face[i]].count(next_vtx)) {
+                return false;
+            }
+            vtx_to_next_vtxs[face[i]].insert(next_vtx);
+        }
+
+        for (std::size_t i = 0; i < 3; ++i) {
+            std::size_t va = face[i];
+            std::size_t vb = face[(i + 1) % 3];
+            if (!vtx_vtx_to_edge[va].count(vb)) {
+                vtx_vtx_to_edge[va][vb] = edge_id;
+                vtx_vtx_to_edge[vb][va] = edge_id;
+                ++edge_id;
+                edge_to_faces.emplace_back(std::unordered_set<std::size_t>());
+            }
+            edge_to_faces[vtx_vtx_to_edge[va][vb]].insert(fid);
+        }
+    }
+
+    for (std::size_t vid = 0; vid < mesh.vertices.size(); ++vid) {
+        if (vtx_to_adj_faces[vid].empty()) {
+            continue;
+        }
+        std::unordered_set<std::size_t> visited_faces;
+        std::queue<std::size_t> face_queue;
+        face_queue.push(*(vtx_to_adj_faces[vid].begin()));
+        visited_faces.insert(*(vtx_to_adj_faces[vid].begin()));
+        while (!face_queue.empty()) {
+            std::size_t fid = face_queue.front();
+            face_queue.pop();
+            const TriFace& face = mesh.indices[fid];
+            for (std::size_t i = 0; i < 3; ++i) {
+                if (static_cast<std::size_t>(face[i]) != vid) {
+                    continue;
+                }
+                std::size_t v_next = face[(i + 1) % 3];
+                std::size_t v_prev = face[(i + 2) % 3];
+                for (std::size_t nbr : {v_next, v_prev}) {
+                    std::size_t eid = vtx_vtx_to_edge[vid][nbr];
+                    for (std::size_t adj_fid : edge_to_faces[eid]) {
+                        if (!visited_faces.count(adj_fid) && vtx_to_adj_faces[vid].count(adj_fid)) {
+                            visited_faces.insert(adj_fid);
+                            face_queue.push(adj_fid);
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+
+        for (std::size_t fid : vtx_to_adj_faces[vid]) {
+            if (!visited_faces.count(fid)) {
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+inline bool convert_trimesh_to_cgal(const TriMesh& mesh, CGALMesh& cgal_mesh) {
+    cgal_mesh = trimesh_to_cgal(mesh);
+    return cgal_mesh.number_of_faces() > 0 || mesh.indices.empty();
+}
+
+inline bool convert_trimesh_to_cgal(
+    const TriMesh& mesh, const std::vector<Vec2f>& vertex_uvs,
+    CGALMesh& cgal_mesh, std::vector<Vec2f>& cgal_vertex_uvs)
+{
+    cgal_mesh.clear();
+    std::vector<CGALMesh::Vertex_index> vmap(mesh.vertices.size());
+    cgal_vertex_uvs.clear();
+
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < mesh.vertices.size(); ++i) {
+        vmap[i] = cgal_mesh.add_vertex(Kernel::Point_3(
+            mesh.vertices[i].x(), mesh.vertices[i].y(), mesh.vertices[i].z()));
+    }
+
+    cgal_vertex_uvs.resize(cgal_mesh.num_vertices());
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < mesh.vertices.size(); ++i) {
+        if (i < vertex_uvs.size())
+            cgal_vertex_uvs[vmap[i]] = vertex_uvs[i];
+        else
+            cgal_vertex_uvs[vmap[i]] = Vec2f(0.f, 0.f);
+    }
+
+    for (const auto& f : mesh.indices)
+        cgal_mesh.add_face(vmap[f[0]], vmap[f[1]], vmap[f[2]]);
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+} // namespace cgalutils
+} // namespace tex2color
+} // namespace Slic3r
diff --git a/src/libslic3r/TextureToColor/ColorUtils.cpp b/src/libslic3r/TextureToColor/ColorUtils.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7127a5d364
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/libslic3r/TextureToColor/ColorUtils.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,1643 @@
+#include "ColorUtils.hpp"
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <array>
+#include <atomic>
+#include <chrono>
+#include <cmath>
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <iostream>
+#include <numeric>
+
+#include <boost/next_prior.hpp>
+
+#include <CGAL/AABB_face_graph_triangle_primitive.h>
+#include <CGAL/AABB_traits.h>
+#include <CGAL/AABB_tree.h>
+#include <CGAL/Exact_predicates_inexact_constructions_kernel.h>
+#include <CGAL/Point_3.h>
+#include <CGAL/Polygon_mesh_processing/compute_normal.h>
+#include <CGAL/Polygon_mesh_processing/intersection.h>
+#include <CGAL/Polygon_mesh_processing/remesh.h>
+#include <CGAL/Polygon_mesh_processing/repair_self_intersections.h>
+#include <CGAL/Polygon_mesh_processing/self_intersections.h>
+#include <CGAL/Surface_mesh.h>
+#include <CGAL/mesh_segmentation.h>
+#include <tbb/parallel_for.h>
+
+#include "CgalUtils.hpp"
+#include "libslic3r/AABBTreeIndirect.hpp"
+#include <boost/log/trivial.hpp>
+
+namespace Slic3r { namespace tex2color {
+namespace color_utils {
+
+// #define DEBUG_FLAG
+
+#ifndef M_PI
+#define M_PI 3.1415926535897932
+#endif
+
+#ifndef EPSILON
+#define EPSILON 1e-6
+#endif
+
+#ifndef DOUBLE_LIMITS
+#define DOUBLE_LIMITS
+#define Double_MAX std::numeric_limits<double>::max()
+#define Double_MIN -std::numeric_limits<double>::max()
+#endif  // !DOUBLE_LIMITS
+
+namespace PMP = CGAL::Polygon_mesh_processing;
+
+using cgalutils::CGALMesh;
+using CGALKernel = cgalutils::Kernel;
+
+static constexpr double TOPO_SMOOTH_WEIGHT_THRESHOLD = 0.3;
+
+namespace detail {
+template<typename Mesh>
+double average_edge_length_impl(const Mesh& m) {
+    double total = 0.0;
+    size_t count = 0;
+    for (auto e : m.edges()) {
+        auto h = m.halfedge(e);
+        auto p0 = m.point(m.source(h));
+        auto p1 = m.point(m.target(h));
+        total += std::sqrt(CGAL::squared_distance(p0, p1));
+        ++count;
+    }
+    return count > 0 ? total / count : 1.0;
+}
+} // namespace detail
+
+typedef CGAL::Aff_transformation_3<CGALKernel> Affine_transformation_3;
+typedef boost::graph_traits<CGALMesh>::halfedge_descriptor halfedge_descriptor;
+typedef boost::graph_traits<CGALMesh>::edge_descriptor edge_descriptor;
+typedef boost::graph_traits<CGALMesh>::vertex_descriptor vertex_descriptor;
+typedef CGAL::AABB_face_graph_triangle_primitive<CGALMesh> Primitive;
+typedef CGAL::AABB_traits<CGALKernel, Primitive> Traits;
+typedef CGAL::AABB_tree<Traits> Tree;
+typedef CGALMesh::template Property_map<vertex_descriptor, CGALKernel::Vector_3> VNMap;
+
+static inline ColorDouble convert_rgb_uint_to_rgb_double(const Color& color) {
+    return ColorDouble{static_cast<double>(color[0]), static_cast<double>(color[1]), static_cast<double>(color[2])};
+}
+
+static void normalize(CGALKernel::Vector_3& vec) {
+    double squared_length = vec.squared_length();
+    if (squared_length > EPSILON) {
+        vec /= sqrt(squared_length);
+    }
+}
+
+static double get_angle_between_vectors(const CGALKernel::Vector_3& v1, const CGALKernel::Vector_3& v2) {
+    CGALKernel::Vector_3 dir1{v1}, dir2{v2};
+    normalize(dir1);
+    normalize(dir2);
+    double product_dot = dir1.x() * dir2.x() + dir1.y() * dir2.y() + dir1.z() * dir2.z();
+    if (product_dot > 1.0 - EPSILON) {
+        return 0.0;
+    } else if (product_dot < -1.0 + EPSILON) {
+        return 180.0;
+    }
+    return std::acos(product_dot) / M_PI * 180.0;
+}
+
+static void calc_face_normals(const CGALMesh& mesh, std::vector<Eigen::Vector3d>& face_normals) {
+    std::size_t fcnt = mesh.number_of_faces();
+    face_normals.resize(fcnt);
+    for (auto face : mesh.faces()) {
+        std::vector<CGALKernel::Point_3> points;
+        for (auto vtx : mesh.vertices_around_face(mesh.halfedge(face))) {
+            points.push_back(mesh.point(vtx));
+        }
+        Eigen::Vector3d pos1(points[0].x(), points[0].y(), points[0].z());
+        Eigen::Vector3d pos2(points[1].x(), points[1].y(), points[1].z());
+        Eigen::Vector3d pos3(points[2].x(), points[2].y(), points[2].z());
+        face_normals[face] = (pos3 - pos2).cross(pos1 - pos2);
+        face_normals[face].normalize();
+    }
+    return;
+}
+
+static bool check_and_repair_self_intersect(CGALMesh& mesh, bool* is_self_intersect_status = nullptr) {
+    // true means the mesh is no self intersect now
+    // false means the mesh is still self intersect
+    auto is_self_intersect = PMP::does_self_intersect(mesh);
+    if (is_self_intersect_status != nullptr) {
+        *is_self_intersect_status = is_self_intersect;
+    }
+    if (is_self_intersect) {
+        bool repair = PMP::experimental::remove_self_intersections(mesh);
+        if (repair) {
+            return true;
+        } else {
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+
+static bool save_polylines(const std::string& file_name, const std::vector<std::vector<CGALKernel::Point_3>>& polylines) {
+    std::vector<CGALKernel::Point_3> points;
+    std::vector<std::pair<std::size_t, std::size_t>> lines;
+    for (auto& polyline : polylines) {
+        std::size_t begin_pt_idx = points.size();
+        for (auto& pt : polyline) {
+            points.push_back(pt);
+        }
+        for (std::size_t i = 1; i < polyline.size(); ++i) {
+            lines.emplace_back(begin_pt_idx + i, begin_pt_idx + i + 1);  // obj is begin at 1
+        }
+    }
+    std::ofstream output_file(file_name, std::ios::out);
+    for (auto& point : points) {
+        output_file << "v " << point[0] << " " << point[1] << " " << point[2] << "\n";
+    }
+    for (auto& line : lines) {
+        output_file << "l " << line.first << " " << line.second << "\n";
+    }
+    output_file.close();
+    return true;
+}
+
+static bool smooth_region_topo_boundary(CGALMesh& mesh, std::vector<std::size_t>& face_labels, std::size_t max_iters = 20) {
+    // Topological smoothing: reassign face labels
+    std::size_t iter = 0;
+    while (iter < max_iters) {
+        ++iter;
+        bool flip_flag = false;
+        for (auto face : mesh.faces()) {
+            std::size_t same_label_count = 0;
+            std::unordered_map<std::size_t, std::size_t> map_label_to_cnt;
+            std::size_t max_adj_cnt = 0;
+            std::size_t max_adj_label = face_labels[face];
+            for (auto adj_face : mesh.faces_around_face(mesh.halfedge(face))) {
+                if (adj_face == CGALMesh::null_face() || !mesh.is_valid(adj_face) || mesh.is_removed(adj_face)) {
+                    continue;
+                }
+                if (face_labels[adj_face] == face_labels[face]) {
+                    ++same_label_count;
+                } else {
+                    ++map_label_to_cnt[face_labels[adj_face]];
+                    if (map_label_to_cnt[face_labels[adj_face]] > max_adj_cnt) {
+                        max_adj_cnt = map_label_to_cnt[face_labels[adj_face]];
+                        max_adj_label = face_labels[adj_face];
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            if (max_adj_cnt > same_label_count) {
+                face_labels[face] = max_adj_label;
+                flip_flag = true;
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (!flip_flag) {
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+
+static bool smooth_region_geom_boundary(CGALMesh& mesh, std::vector<std::size_t>& face_labels, const SmoothParameters& smooth_parameters) {
+    // 1. extract boundary vertices and make polines
+    std::unordered_map<CGAL::SM_Vertex_index, std::size_t> map_vtx_to_degree;
+    std::unordered_set<CGAL::SM_Edge_index> segment_boundary_edges;
+    std::unordered_set<CGAL::SM_Edge_index> feature_edges;
+    std::unordered_set<CGAL::SM_Vertex_index> feature_vertices;
+    constexpr double feature_angle = 45;
+    for (const auto& edge : mesh.edges()) {
+        if (!mesh.is_valid(edge) || mesh.is_border(edge)) {
+            continue;
+        }
+        auto source = mesh.source(mesh.halfedge(edge));
+        auto target = mesh.target(mesh.halfedge(edge));
+        auto face_1 = mesh.face(mesh.halfedge(edge));
+        auto face_2 = mesh.face(mesh.opposite(mesh.halfedge(edge)));
+        auto normal_1 = PMP::compute_face_normal(face_1, mesh);
+        auto normal_2 = PMP::compute_face_normal(face_2, mesh);
+        double angle = get_angle_between_vectors(normal_1, normal_2);
+        if (angle > feature_angle) {
+            feature_edges.insert(edge);
+            feature_vertices.insert(source);
+            feature_vertices.insert(target);
+        }
+
+        if (face_labels[face_1] == face_labels[face_2]) {
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        segment_boundary_edges.insert(edge);
+        ++map_vtx_to_degree[source];
+        ++map_vtx_to_degree[target];
+    }
+
+    // 2. smooth each polyline
+    std::vector<std::vector<CGAL::SM_Vertex_index>> polylines;
+    std::unordered_set<CGAL::SM_Edge_index> visited_edges;
+
+    std::function<void(std::vector<CGAL::SM_Vertex_index>&)> trace_polyline = [&](std::vector<CGAL::SM_Vertex_index>& polyline) -> void {
+        if (polyline.empty()) {
+            return;
+        }
+        CGAL::SM_Vertex_index curr_vtx = polyline.back();
+        if (map_vtx_to_degree[curr_vtx] != 2) {
+            return;
+        }
+        for (const auto& halfedge : mesh.halfedges_around_target(mesh.halfedge(curr_vtx))) {
+            CGAL::SM_Edge_index edge = mesh.edge(halfedge);
+            if (visited_edges.count(edge) || !segment_boundary_edges.count(edge)) {
+                continue;
+            }
+            visited_edges.insert(edge);
+            CGAL::SM_Vertex_index adj_vtx = mesh.source(halfedge);
+            if (!map_vtx_to_degree.count(adj_vtx)) {
+                continue;
+            }
+            polyline.push_back(adj_vtx);
+            return trace_polyline(polyline);
+        }
+    };
+
+    // 2.1. open polyline: from T nodes search other 2-degree nodes
+    for (auto& [src_vtx, degree] : map_vtx_to_degree) {
+        if (degree == 2) {
+            continue;
+        }
+        for (auto& src_halfedge : mesh.halfedges_around_target(mesh.halfedge(src_vtx))) {
+            CGAL::SM_Edge_index src_edge = mesh.edge(src_halfedge);
+            if (visited_edges.count(src_edge) || !segment_boundary_edges.count(src_edge)) {
+                continue;
+            }
+            visited_edges.insert(src_edge);
+            CGAL::SM_Vertex_index adj_vtx = mesh.source(src_halfedge);
+            if (!map_vtx_to_degree.count(adj_vtx)) {
+                continue;
+            }
+            std::vector<CGAL::SM_Vertex_index> polyline{src_vtx, adj_vtx};
+            trace_polyline(polyline);
+            polylines.push_back(std::move(polyline));
+        }
+    }
+
+    // 2.2. closed polylines
+    for (auto edge : segment_boundary_edges) {
+        if (visited_edges.count(edge)) {
+            continue;
+        }
+        visited_edges.insert(edge);
+        CGAL::SM_Halfedge_index halfedge = mesh.halfedge(edge);
+        std::vector<CGAL::SM_Vertex_index> polyline{mesh.source(halfedge), mesh.target(halfedge)};
+        trace_polyline(polyline);
+        if (polyline.front() != polyline.back()) {
+            std::cerr << "[Error]:  loop polyline but not closed!!!\n";
+        }
+        polylines.push_back(std::move(polyline));
+    }
+
+    // 3. smooth boundary
+    Tree boundary_tree(mesh.faces().begin(), mesh.faces().end(), mesh);
+    boundary_tree.accelerate_distance_queries();
+
+    constexpr std::size_t max_iters = 5;
+    const double smooth_weight = smooth_parameters.smooth_weight;  // Controls smoothing intensity; larger values produce smoother results. Range: 0.1~1.0.
+    double origin_weight = std::max(1.0 - smooth_weight, 0.0);
+    for (std::size_t iter = 0; iter < max_iters; ++iter) {
+        for (const auto& polyline : polylines) {
+            std::size_t pt_cnt = polyline.size();
+            std::vector<CGALKernel::Point_3> points(pt_cnt);
+            for (std::size_t pt_idx = 1; pt_idx + 1 < pt_cnt; ++pt_idx) {
+                std::vector<CGALKernel::Point_3> pts{mesh.point(polyline[pt_idx - 1]), mesh.point(polyline[pt_idx + 1])};
+                CGALKernel::Point_3 smooth_pt = CGAL::ORIGIN + ((CGAL::centroid(pts.begin(), pts.end()) - CGAL::ORIGIN) * smooth_weight +
+                                                                (mesh.point(polyline[pt_idx]) - CGAL::ORIGIN) * origin_weight);
+                points[pt_idx] = boundary_tree.closest_point(smooth_pt);
+            }
+
+            if (polyline.front() == polyline.back()) {
+                if (feature_vertices.count(polyline.front())) {
+                    continue;
+                }
+                std::vector<CGALKernel::Point_3> pts{mesh.point(polyline[1]), mesh.point(polyline[pt_cnt - 2])};
+                CGALKernel::Point_3 smooth_pt = CGAL::ORIGIN + ((CGAL::centroid(pts.begin(), pts.end()) - CGAL::ORIGIN) * smooth_weight +
+                                                                (mesh.point(polyline.front()) - CGAL::ORIGIN) * origin_weight);
+                mesh.point(polyline.front()) = boundary_tree.closest_point(smooth_pt);
+            }
+
+            for (std::size_t pt_idx = 1; pt_idx + 1 < pt_cnt; ++pt_idx) {
+                if (feature_vertices.count(polyline[pt_idx])) {
+                    continue;
+                }
+                mesh.point(polyline[pt_idx]) = points[pt_idx];
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    for (auto& polyline : polylines) {
+        for (auto& vtx : polyline) {
+            mesh.point(vtx) = boundary_tree.closest_point(mesh.point(vtx));
+        }
+    }
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+// HSV, XYZ, and LAB are only used internally for computing color differences, so they are declared in this cpp file only.
+typedef std::array<double, 3> HSV;
+typedef std::array<double, 3> XYZ;  // Intermediate space for converting between LAB and RGB
+typedef std::array<double, 3> LAB;  // CIELAB was designed to match human visual perception; the standard method for perceptual color difference
+// Common white points
+const XYZ D65_WHITE = {0.95047, 1.0, 1.08883};
+
+/**
+ * @brief Convert an RGB color to the HSV color space.
+ *
+ * @param rgb Input RGB color [R, G, B], range 0~255.
+ * @return HSV output [H, S, V], H in 0~360, S and V in 0~1.
+ */
+static HSV convert_rgb_to_hsv(const RGB& rgb) {
+    // Normalize to [0, 1]
+    double r = rgb[0] / 255.0;
+    double g = rgb[1] / 255.0;
+    double b = rgb[2] / 255.0;
+
+    double max = std::max({r, g, b});
+    double min = std::min({r, g, b});
+    double delta = max - min;
+
+    // Compute hue H
+    double h = 0;
+    if (delta == 0) {
+        h = 0;  // Gray; hue is undefined
+    } else {
+        if (max == r) {
+            h = 60.0 * fmod((g - b) / delta, 6.0);
+        } else if (max == g) {
+            h = 60.0 * ((b - r) / delta + 2.0);
+        } else {  // max == b
+            h = 60.0 * ((r - g) / delta + 4.0);
+        }
+        if (h < 0) {
+            h += 360.0;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Compute saturation S
+    double s = (max == 0) ? 0 : (delta / max);
+
+    // Compute value V
+    double v = max;
+
+    return {h, s, v};
+}
+
+/**
+ * @brief Convert an HSV color to the RGB color space.
+ *
+ * @param hsv Input HSV color [H, S, V], H in 0~360, S and V in 0~1.
+ * @return RGB output [R, G, B], range 0~255.
+ */
+static RGB convert_hsv_to_rgb(const HSV& hsv) {
+    double h = hsv[0];
+    double s = hsv[1];
+    double v = hsv[2];
+
+    double c = v * s;
+    double x = c * (1 - std::abs(fmod(h / 60.0, 2.0) - 1));
+    double m = v - c;
+
+    double r, g, b;
+
+    if (h < 60) {
+        r = c;
+        g = x;
+        b = 0;
+    } else if (h < 120) {
+        r = x;
+        g = c;
+        b = 0;
+    } else if (h < 180) {
+        r = 0;
+        g = c;
+        b = x;
+    } else if (h < 240) {
+        r = 0;
+        g = x;
+        b = c;
+    } else if (h < 300) {
+        r = x;
+        g = 0;
+        b = c;
+    } else {
+        r = c;
+        g = 0;
+        b = x;
+    }
+
+    return {static_cast<std::size_t>((r + m) * 255 + 0.5), static_cast<std::size_t>((g + m) * 255 + 0.5), static_cast<std::size_t>((b + m) * 255 + 0.5)};
+}
+
+static XYZ convert_rgb_to_xyz(const RGB& color_rgb) {
+    ColorDouble rgb{static_cast<double>(color_rgb[0]), static_cast<double>(color_rgb[1]), static_cast<double>(color_rgb[2])};
+    auto gammaCorrect = [](double v) -> double {
+        v = v / 255.0;
+        if (v > 0.04045) {
+            return std::pow((v + 0.055) / 1.055, 2.4);
+        } else {
+            return v / 12.92;
+        }
+    };
+
+    double r = gammaCorrect(rgb[0]);
+    double g = gammaCorrect(rgb[1]);
+    double b = gammaCorrect(rgb[2]);
+
+    // sRGB to XYZ matrix
+    return {r * 0.4124564 + g * 0.3575761 + b * 0.1804375, r * 0.2126729 + g * 0.7151522 + b * 0.0721750, r * 0.0193339 + g * 0.1191920 + b * 0.9503041};
+}
+
+// sRGB non-linear channel values [0,1] (double) -> linear light -> XYZ; equivalent to convert_rgb_to_xyz when v=n/255
+static XYZ convert_srgb01_to_xyz(double rs, double gs, double bs) {
+    auto gamma_correct = [](double v) -> double {
+        v = std::clamp(v, 0.0, 1.0);
+        return (v > 0.04045) ? std::pow((v + 0.055) / 1.055, 2.4) : (v / 12.92);
+    };
+    const double r = gamma_correct(rs);
+    const double g = gamma_correct(gs);
+    const double b = gamma_correct(bs);
+    return {r * 0.4124564 + g * 0.3575761 + b * 0.1804375, r * 0.2126729 + g * 0.7151522 + b * 0.0721750, r * 0.0193339 + g * 0.1191920 + b * 0.9503041};
+}
+
+static LAB convert_xyz_to_lab(const XYZ& xyz) {
+    auto f = [](double t) -> double {
+        const double delta = 6.0 / 29.0;
+        if (t > delta * delta * delta) {
+            return std::cbrt(t);
+        } else {
+            return t / (3.0 * delta * delta) + 4.0 / 29.0;
+        }
+    };
+
+    // D65 white point
+    double xn = D65_WHITE[0], yn = D65_WHITE[1], zn = D65_WHITE[2];
+
+    double fx = f(xyz[0] / xn);
+    double fy = f(xyz[1] / yn);
+    double fz = f(xyz[2] / zn);
+
+    return {116.0 * fy - 16.0, 500.0 * (fx - fy), 200.0 * (fy - fz)};
+}
+
+// ColorDouble here represents sRGB [0,1]; see calc_rgb_color_difference_by_ciede2000_srgb01 header comment
+static LAB convert_srgb01_to_lab(const ColorDouble& srgb01) {
+    return convert_xyz_to_lab(convert_srgb01_to_xyz(srgb01[0], srgb01[1], srgb01[2]));
+}
+
+static LAB convert_rgb_to_lab(const RGB& rgb) {
+    return convert_xyz_to_lab(convert_rgb_to_xyz(rgb));
+}
+
+static Color convert_lab_to_rgb(const LAB& lab) {
+    // Lab → XYZ
+    const double delta = 6.0 / 29.0;
+    const double delta2x3 = 3.0 * delta * delta;
+
+    double fy = (lab[0] + 16.0) / 116.0;
+    double fx = lab[1] / 500.0 + fy;
+    double fz = fy - lab[2] / 200.0;
+
+    double x = D65_WHITE[0] * (fx > delta ? fx * fx * fx : delta2x3 * (fx - 4.0 / 29.0));
+    double y = D65_WHITE[1] * (fy > delta ? fy * fy * fy : delta2x3 * (fy - 4.0 / 29.0));
+    double z = D65_WHITE[2] * (fz > delta ? fz * fz * fz : delta2x3 * (fz - 4.0 / 29.0));
+
+    // XYZ -> linear RGB (sRGB inverse matrix)
+    double r_lin = 3.2404542 * x - 1.5371385 * y - 0.4985314 * z;
+    double g_lin = -0.9692660 * x + 1.8760108 * y + 0.0415560 * z;
+    double b_lin = 0.0556434 * x - 0.2040259 * y + 1.0572252 * z;
+
+    // linear RGB -> sRGB (inverse gamma correction)
+    auto inverse_gamma = [](double v) -> double {
+        v = std::max(v, 0.0);
+        return v <= 0.0031308 ? 12.92 * v : 1.055 * std::pow(v, 1.0 / 2.4) - 0.055;
+    };
+
+    auto to_uint8 = [](double v) -> std::size_t { return static_cast<std::size_t>(std::clamp(std::round(v * 255.0), 0.0, 255.0)); };
+
+    return {to_uint8(inverse_gamma(r_lin)), to_uint8(inverse_gamma(g_lin)), to_uint8(inverse_gamma(b_lin))};
+}
+
+/**
+ * @brief CIEDE2000 color-difference computation.
+ *
+ * Currently the most accurate color-difference formula, recommended by CIE as the industry standard.
+ *
+ * @param lab1 LAB values of the first color.
+ * @param lab2 LAB values of the second color.
+ * @return Color difference (typically < 1.0 is imperceptible to the human eye).
+ */
+static double ciede2000(const std::array<double, 3>& lab1, const std::array<double, 3>& lab2) {
+    // Parameters in the CIE L*C*h* formula
+    double L1 = lab1[0], a1 = lab1[1], b1 = lab1[2];
+    double L2 = lab2[0], a2 = lab2[1], b2 = lab2[2];
+
+    // Compute C1 and C2
+    double C1 = std::sqrt(a1 * a1 + b1 * b1);
+    double C2 = std::sqrt(a2 * a2 + b2 * b2);
+    double C_avg = (C1 + C2) / 2.0;
+
+    // G factor (compensates for non-linearity in the mid-low chroma region)
+    double C7 = C_avg * C_avg * C_avg * C_avg * C_avg * C_avg * C_avg;
+    double G = 0.5 * (1.0 - std::sqrt(C7 / (C7 + 6103515625.0)));
+
+    // a1' and a2'
+    double a1_prime = (1.0 + G) * a1;
+    double a2_prime = (1.0 + G) * a2;
+
+    // C'1 and C'2
+    double C1_prime = std::sqrt(a1_prime * a1_prime + b1 * b1);
+    double C2_prime = std::sqrt(a2_prime * a2_prime + b2 * b2);
+    double C_prime_avg = (C1_prime + C2_prime) / 2.0;
+
+    // h'1 and h'2
+    double h1_prime = std::atan2(b1, a1_prime);
+    double h2_prime = std::atan2(b2, a2_prime);
+    if (h1_prime < 0) {
+        h1_prime += 2 * M_PI;
+    }
+    if (h2_prime < 0) {
+        h2_prime += 2 * M_PI;
+    }
+
+    // Compute dh'
+    double dh_prime;
+    if (std::abs(h1_prime - h2_prime) <= M_PI) {
+        dh_prime = h2_prime - h1_prime;
+    } else if (h2_prime <= h1_prime) {
+        dh_prime = h2_prime - h1_prime + 2 * M_PI;
+    } else {
+        dh_prime = h2_prime - h1_prime - 2 * M_PI;
+    }
+
+    // Compute dH'
+    double dH_prime = 2.0 * std::sqrt(C1_prime * C2_prime) * std::sin(dh_prime / 2.0);
+
+    // Compute dL'
+    double dL_prime = L2 - L1;
+
+    // Compute dC'
+    double dC_prime = C2_prime - C1_prime;
+
+    // Compute h_prime_avg
+    double h_prime_avg;
+    if (std::abs(h1_prime - h2_prime) > M_PI) {
+        h_prime_avg = (h1_prime + h2_prime + 2 * M_PI) / 2.0;
+    } else {
+        h_prime_avg = (h1_prime + h2_prime) / 2.0;
+    }
+
+    // Compute T
+    double T = 1.0 - 0.17 * std::cos(h_prime_avg - M_PI / 6.0) + 0.24 * std::cos(2.0 * h_prime_avg) + 0.32 * std::cos(3.0 * h_prime_avg + M_PI / 30.0) -
+               0.20 * std::cos(4.0 * h_prime_avg - 3.0 * M_PI / 6.0);
+
+    // Compute rotation term R_T = -R_C * sin(2*delta_theta), where delta_theta = 30 * exp(-((h_bar'-275)/25)^2)
+    // h_prime_avg is in radians; convert to degrees for delta_theta; 2*delta_theta = 60 * exp(...), convert back to radians for sin
+    double h_prime_avg_deg = h_prime_avg * 180.0 / M_PI;
+    double C_prime_avg_7 = std::pow(C_prime_avg, 7);
+    double R = -2.0 * std::sqrt(C_prime_avg_7 / (C_prime_avg_7 + 6103515625.0)) *
+               std::sin((60.0 * M_PI / 180.0) * std::exp(-std::pow((h_prime_avg_deg - 275.0) / 25.0, 2)));
+
+    // Compute SL, SC, SH
+    double L_prime_avg = (L1 + L2) / 2.0;
+    double SL = 1.0 + 0.015 * std::pow(L_prime_avg - 50.0, 2) / std::sqrt(20 + std::pow(L_prime_avg - 50.0, 2));
+    double SC = 1.0 + 0.045 * C_prime_avg;
+    double SH = 1.0 + 0.015 * C_prime_avg * T;
+
+    // Final color difference
+    double deltaE = std::sqrt(std::pow(dL_prime / SL, 2) + std::pow(dC_prime / SC, 2) + std::pow(dH_prime / SH, 2) + R * (dC_prime / SC) * (dH_prime / SH));
+
+    return deltaE;
+}
+
+double calc_rgb_color_difference_by_ciede2000(const RGB& rgb1, const RGB& rgb2) {
+    auto lab1 = convert_rgb_to_lab(rgb1);
+    auto lab2 = convert_rgb_to_lab(rgb2);
+    return ciede2000(lab1, lab2);
+}
+
+double calc_rgb_color_difference_by_ciede2000_srgb01(const ColorDouble& rgb1, const ColorDouble& rgb2) {
+    const LAB lab1 = convert_srgb01_to_lab(rgb1);
+    const LAB lab2 = convert_srgb01_to_lab(rgb2);
+    return ciede2000(lab1, lab2);
+}
+
+// Working-space distance function type: inputs are two colors in the same space (RGB-double or Lab)
+using WorkingDistFunc = double (*)(const ColorDouble&, const ColorDouble&);
+
+// Farthest Point Sampling (FPS) initialization algorithm.
+// The first center is the point nearest to the global centroid; subsequent centers are the points farthest from the existing set.
+static std::vector<ColorDouble> farthest_point_sampling_init(const std::vector<ColorDouble>& working_colors, std::size_t k, WorkingDistFunc dist_func) {
+    std::vector<ColorDouble> centers(k);
+
+    // 1. Compute the global centroid and pick the nearest point as the first center
+    ColorDouble centroid = {0.0, 0.0, 0.0};
+    for (const auto& c : working_colors) {
+        centroid[0] += c[0];
+        centroid[1] += c[1];
+        centroid[2] += c[2];
+    }
+    const auto n = static_cast<double>(working_colors.size());
+    centroid[0] /= n;
+    centroid[1] /= n;
+    centroid[2] /= n;
+
+    double best_dist = std::numeric_limits<double>::max();
+    std::size_t first_idx = 0;
+    for (std::size_t i = 0; i < working_colors.size(); ++i) {
+        double d = dist_func(working_colors[i], centroid);
+        if (d < best_dist) {
+            best_dist = d;
+            first_idx = i;
+        }
+    }
+    centers[0] = working_colors[first_idx];
+
+    // Minimum distance from each point to the already-selected center set
+    std::vector<double> min_distances(working_colors.size(), std::numeric_limits<double>::max());
+
+    // 2. Greedily select the remaining K-1 centers: pick the point with the largest min_distance each time
+    for (std::size_t i = 1; i < k; ++i) {
+        const ColorDouble& last_center = centers[i - 1];
+
+        // Update each point's minimum distance with the newly added center
+        double farthest_dist = -1.0;
+        std::size_t farthest_idx = 0;
+        for (std::size_t c_idx = 0; c_idx < working_colors.size(); ++c_idx) {
+            double d = dist_func(working_colors[c_idx], last_center);
+            if (d < min_distances[c_idx]) {
+                min_distances[c_idx] = d;
+            }
+            if (min_distances[c_idx] > farthest_dist) {
+                farthest_dist = min_distances[c_idx];
+                farthest_idx = c_idx;
+            }
+        }
+
+        centers[i] = working_colors[farthest_idx];
+    }
+
+    return centers;
+}
+
+bool remesh_mesh(TriMesh& bbs_mesh, std::vector<std::size_t>& face_labels, double target_edge_length_ratio) {
+    if (face_labels.size() != bbs_mesh.indices.size()) {
+        BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(warning) << "Input mesh face count does not match label count";
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    // Back up face labels for recovery after remeshing.
+    std::vector<std::size_t> face_labels_of_original_mesh(face_labels);
+
+    CGALMesh cgal_mesh;
+    cgalutils::convert_trimesh_to_cgal(bbs_mesh, cgal_mesh);
+
+    // AABBTreeIndirect references vertices/faces externally, so snapshot the
+    // pre-remesh geometry by moving it out of bbs_mesh (which is overwritten
+    // below with the post-remesh mesh). std::move on std::vector is O(1).
+    TriVertices old_vertices = std::move(bbs_mesh.vertices);
+    TriFaces    old_indices  = std::move(bbs_mesh.indices);
+    auto original_mesh_tree = AABBTreeIndirect::build_aabb_tree_over_indexed_triangle_set(old_vertices, old_indices);
+
+    std::unordered_set<CGAL::SM_Edge_index> feature_edges;
+    std::unordered_set<CGAL::SM_Vertex_index> feature_vertices;
+    CGALMesh::Property_map<CGALMesh::Edge_index, bool> constrained_edges =
+        cgal_mesh.add_property_map<CGALMesh::Edge_index, bool>("constrained_edges", false).first;
+    CGALMesh::Property_map<CGALMesh::Vertex_index, bool> constrained_vertices =
+        cgal_mesh.add_property_map<CGALMesh::Vertex_index, bool>("constrained_vertices", false).first;
+
+    // An edge is considered a geometric feature edge if its dihedral angle is less than 135 degrees (loose threshold)
+    constexpr double feature_angle = 135;
+
+    auto is_feature_edge = [&](CGAL::SM_Edge_index edge) -> bool {
+        if (cgal_mesh.is_border(edge)) {
+            return true;
+        }
+        auto halfedge_1 = cgal_mesh.halfedge(edge);
+        auto halfedge_2 = cgal_mesh.opposite(halfedge_1);
+        auto face_1 = cgal_mesh.face(halfedge_1);
+        auto face_2 = cgal_mesh.face(halfedge_2);
+        if (face_labels[face_1] != face_labels[face_2]) {
+            // Boundary between different color regions; treated as a feature edge
+            return true;
+        }
+        // TODO: CGAL remeshing tends to crash when too many constrained edges are added; needs handling
+        //auto normal_1 = PMP::compute_face_normal(face_1, cgal_mesh);
+        //auto normal_2 = PMP::compute_face_normal(face_2, cgal_mesh);
+        //double angle = 180 - get_angle_between_vectors(normal_1, normal_2);
+        //BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(debug) << "end.\n";
+        //return angle > feature_angle;
+        return false;
+    };
+
+    for (auto edge : cgal_mesh.edges()) {
+        if (is_feature_edge(edge)) {
+            feature_edges.insert(edge);
+            feature_vertices.insert(cgal_mesh.source(cgal_mesh.halfedge(edge)));
+            feature_vertices.insert(cgal_mesh.target(cgal_mesh.halfedge(edge)));
+            constrained_edges[edge] = true;
+            constrained_vertices[cgal_mesh.source(cgal_mesh.halfedge(edge))] = true;
+            constrained_vertices[cgal_mesh.target(cgal_mesh.halfedge(edge))] = true;
+        }
+    }
+
+#ifdef DEBUG_FLAG
+    BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(debug) << "remesh_mesh: feature_edges.size() = " << feature_edges.size() << ".\n";
+
+    std::vector<std::vector<CGALKernel::Point_3>> polylines;
+    for (auto edge : feature_edges) {
+        auto src_vtx = cgal_mesh.source(cgal_mesh.halfedge(edge));
+        auto trg_vtx = cgal_mesh.target(cgal_mesh.halfedge(edge));
+        polylines.push_back({cgal_mesh.point(src_vtx), cgal_mesh.point(trg_vtx)});
+    }
+    save_polylines("ColorUtils_remesh_feature_lines.obj", polylines);
+#endif  // DEBUG_FLAG
+
+    std::size_t iters = 5;
+#ifdef DEBUG_FLAG
+    BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(debug) << "PMP::isotropic_remeshing start...\n";
+#endif  // DEBUG_FLAG
+    // TODO: CGAL remeshing preserves geometric boundaries but does not maintain face labels well; colors need to be recomputed
+    PMP::isotropic_remeshing(cgal_mesh.faces(), target_edge_length_ratio * detail::average_edge_length_impl(cgal_mesh), cgal_mesh,
+                             CGAL::parameters::number_of_iterations(iters)
+                                 .protect_constraints(true)
+                                 .edge_is_constrained_map(constrained_edges)
+                                 .vertex_is_constrained_map(constrained_vertices)
+                                 .collapse_constraints(true));
+#ifdef DEBUG_FLAG
+    BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(debug) << "PMP::isotropic_remeshing finshed...\n";
+#endif  // DEBUG_FLAG
+    if (PMP::does_self_intersect(cgal_mesh)) {
+        PMP::experimental::remove_self_intersections(cgal_mesh);
+    }
+
+    bbs_mesh.clear();
+
+    std::unordered_map<CGAL::SM_Vertex_index, std::size_t> map_cgal_vtx_to_bbs_vtx;
+    TriVertices bbs_vertices;
+    TriFaces bbs_faces;
+    face_labels.clear();
+    face_labels.reserve(cgal_mesh.number_of_faces());
+
+    for (const auto& cgal_vtx : cgal_mesh.vertices()) {
+        if (!cgal_mesh.is_valid(cgal_vtx) || cgal_mesh.is_removed(cgal_vtx) || cgal_mesh.is_isolated(cgal_vtx)) {
+            continue;
+        }
+        if (!map_cgal_vtx_to_bbs_vtx.count(cgal_vtx)) {
+            map_cgal_vtx_to_bbs_vtx[cgal_vtx] = bbs_vertices.size();
+            const auto& cgal_point = cgal_mesh.point(cgal_vtx);
+            bbs_vertices.emplace_back(TriVertex(cgal_point.x(), cgal_point.y(), cgal_point.z()));
+        }
+    }
+
+    for (const auto& cgal_face : cgal_mesh.faces()) {
+        if (!cgal_mesh.is_valid(cgal_face) || cgal_mesh.is_removed(cgal_face)) {
+            continue;
+        }
+        TriFace bbs_face;
+        std::size_t face_vid = 0;
+        for (auto cgal_vtx : cgal_mesh.vertices_around_face(cgal_mesh.halfedge(cgal_face))) {
+            do { if (!(map_cgal_vtx_to_bbs_vtx.count(cgal_vtx))) { BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(warning) << "CGAL mesh contains a face with an invalid vertex"; return false; } } while(0);
+            bbs_face[face_vid] = map_cgal_vtx_to_bbs_vtx[cgal_vtx];
+            ++face_vid;
+        }
+        bbs_faces.push_back(std::move(bbs_face));
+    }
+
+    bbs_mesh = TriMesh(bbs_faces, bbs_vertices);
+
+    face_labels.resize(bbs_mesh.indices.size());
+    tbb::parallel_for(tbb::blocked_range<std::size_t>(0, bbs_mesh.indices.size()), [&](const tbb::blocked_range<size_t>& range) {
+        for (std::size_t fid = range.begin(); fid < range.end(); ++fid) {
+            auto& face = bbs_mesh.indices[fid];
+            Vec3f face_centroid = (bbs_mesh.vertices[face[0]] + bbs_mesh.vertices[face[1]] + bbs_mesh.vertices[face[2]]) / 3.0;
+            size_t hit_idx = 0;
+            Vec3f  closest;
+            AABBTreeIndirect::squared_distance_to_indexed_triangle_set(
+                old_vertices, old_indices, original_mesh_tree, face_centroid, hit_idx, closest);
+            face_labels[fid] = face_labels_of_original_mesh[hit_idx];
+        }
+    });
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool is_closed(const TriMesh& bbs_mesh) {
+    CGALMesh cgal_mesh;
+    cgalutils::convert_trimesh_to_cgal(bbs_mesh, cgal_mesh);
+
+#ifdef DEBUG_FLAG
+    std::size_t border_edges_count = 0;
+    std::size_t edges_count = 0;
+    for (auto edge : cgal_mesh.edges()) {
+        if (cgal_mesh.is_border(edge)) {
+            ++border_edges_count;
+        }
+        ++edges_count;
+    }
+
+    BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(debug) << "border edges count = " << border_edges_count << "\n";
+    BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(debug) << "edges count = " << edges_count << "\n";
+
+    std::size_t border_faces_count = 0;
+    std::size_t faces_count = 0;
+    for (auto face : cgal_mesh.faces()) {
+        for (auto halfedge : cgal_mesh.halfedges_around_face(cgal_mesh.halfedge(face))) {
+            auto edge = cgal_mesh.edge(halfedge);
+            if (cgal_mesh.is_border(edge)) {
+                ++border_faces_count;
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+        ++faces_count;
+    }
+
+    BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(debug) << "border faces count = " << border_faces_count << "\n";
+    BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(debug) << "faces count = " << faces_count << "\n";
+
+    BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(debug) << "vertices count = " << cgal_mesh.number_of_vertices() << "\n";
+    std::size_t num_of_components = 0;
+    std::unordered_set<CGAL::SM_Face_index> visited_faces;
+    for (auto src_face : cgal_mesh.faces()) {
+        if (visited_faces.count(src_face)) {
+            continue;
+        }
+        ++num_of_components;
+        std::queue<CGAL::SM_Face_index> que;
+        que.push(src_face);
+        visited_faces.insert(src_face);
+        while (!que.empty()) {
+            auto curr_face = que.front();
+            que.pop();
+            for (auto adj_face : cgal_mesh.faces_around_face(cgal_mesh.halfedge(curr_face))) {
+                if (!cgal_mesh.is_valid(adj_face) || cgal_mesh.is_removed(adj_face) || visited_faces.count(adj_face)) {
+                    continue;
+                }
+                que.push(adj_face);
+                visited_faces.insert(adj_face);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(debug) << "components count = " << num_of_components << "\n";
+#endif  // DEBUG_FLAG
+
+    return CGAL::is_closed(cgal_mesh);
+}
+
+static bool smooth_region_labels(TriMesh& tri_mesh, std::vector<std::size_t>& face_labels, const SmoothParameters& smooth_parameters) {
+    CGALMesh mesh;
+    cgalutils::convert_trimesh_to_cgal(tri_mesh, mesh);
+
+    if (mesh.number_of_faces() != face_labels.size()) {
+        BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(warning) << "Face count does not match label count";
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    if (smooth_parameters.smooth_weight >= TOPO_SMOOTH_WEIGHT_THRESHOLD) {
+        // Topological smoothing: reassign face labels.
+        smooth_region_topo_boundary(mesh, face_labels);
+    }
+
+    if (smooth_parameters.smooth_weight > EPSILON) {
+        // Geometric smoothing: smooth polylines and project back onto the original mesh.
+        smooth_region_geom_boundary(mesh, face_labels, smooth_parameters);
+    }
+
+    tri_mesh = cgalutils::cgal_to_trimesh(mesh);
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool smooth_region(TriMesh& tri_mesh, std::vector<std::array<std::size_t, 3>>& face_colors, const SmoothParameters& smooth_parameters) {
+    // Convert colors to labels
+    std::size_t label_next = 0;
+    std::vector<std::size_t> face_labels;
+    face_labels.reserve(face_colors.size());
+    std::map<std::array<std::size_t, 3>, std::size_t> map_color_to_label;
+    std::unordered_map<std::size_t, std::array<std::size_t, 3>> map_label_to_color;
+    for (auto& color : face_colors) {
+        if (!map_color_to_label.count(color)) {
+            map_color_to_label[color] = label_next;
+            map_label_to_color[label_next] = color;
+            ++label_next;
+        }
+        face_labels.push_back(map_color_to_label[color]);
+    }
+
+    if (!smooth_region_labels(tri_mesh, face_labels, smooth_parameters))
+        return false;
+
+    // Convert labels back to colors
+    for (std::size_t fid = 0; fid < face_labels.size(); ++fid) {
+        face_colors[fid] = map_label_to_color[face_labels[fid]];
+    }
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool smooth_region(TriMesh& tri_mesh, std::vector<std::size_t>& face_labels, const SmoothParameters& smooth_parameters) {
+    return smooth_region_labels(tri_mesh, face_labels, smooth_parameters);
+}
+
+// Compute the squared Euclidean distance between two colors (RGB vectors)
+double calc_rgb_color_difference_by_squared_rgb_double(const ColorDouble& c1, const ColorDouble& c2) {
+    double dr = c1[0] - c2[0];
+    double dg = c1[1] - c2[1];
+    double db = c1[2] - c2[2];
+    return dr * dr + dg * dg + db * db;
+}
+
+// Compute the squared Euclidean distance between two colors (RGB vectors)
+double calc_rgb_color_difference_by_squared_rgb(const RGB& c1, const RGB& c2) {
+    auto c1d = convert_rgb_uint_to_rgb_double(c1);
+    auto c2d = convert_rgb_uint_to_rgb_double(c2);
+    return calc_rgb_color_difference_by_squared_rgb_double(c1d, c2d);
+}
+
+// K-Means core: run FPS initialization + assign/update iterations in working space, return cluster centers
+static std::vector<ColorDouble> kmeans_core(const std::vector<ColorDouble>& working_colors, std::size_t k, std::size_t max_iter, WorkingDistFunc dist_func,
+                                            const std::function<bool()>& cancel_cb = nullptr) {
+    std::vector<ColorDouble> centers = farthest_point_sampling_init(working_colors, k, dist_func);
+    std::vector<std::size_t> assignments(working_colors.size());
+
+    for (std::size_t iter = 0; iter < max_iter; ++iter) {
+        if (cancel_cb && cancel_cb()) return centers;
+        std::atomic<bool> changed(false);
+
+        tbb::parallel_for(tbb::blocked_range<std::size_t>(0, working_colors.size()), [&](const tbb::blocked_range<size_t>& range) {
+            for (std::size_t i = range.begin(); i < range.end(); ++i) {
+                double min_dist = std::numeric_limits<double>::max();
+                std::size_t best_cluster = 0;
+
+                for (std::size_t j = 0; j < k; ++j) {
+                    double d = dist_func(working_colors[i], centers[j]);
+                    if (d < min_dist) {
+                        min_dist = d;
+                        best_cluster = j;
+                    }
+                }
+
+                if (assignments[i] != best_cluster) {
+                    changed.store(true, std::memory_order_relaxed);
+                    assignments[i] = best_cluster;
+                }
+            }
+        });
+
+        if (!changed.load()) {
+            break;
+        }
+
+        std::vector<ColorDouble> new_centers(k, {0.0, 0.0, 0.0});
+        std::vector<std::size_t> counts(k, 0);
+
+        for (std::size_t i = 0; i < working_colors.size(); ++i) {
+            std::size_t cluster_id = assignments[i];
+            ++counts[cluster_id];
+            new_centers[cluster_id][0] += working_colors[i][0];
+            new_centers[cluster_id][1] += working_colors[i][1];
+            new_centers[cluster_id][2] += working_colors[i][2];
+        }
+
+        for (std::size_t i = 0; i < k; ++i) {
+            if (counts[i] == 0) {
+                double max_min_dist = -1.0;
+                std::size_t best_idx = 0;
+                for (std::size_t p = 0; p < working_colors.size(); ++p) {
+                    double nearest = std::numeric_limits<double>::max();
+                    for (std::size_t c = 0; c < k; ++c) {
+                        if (c == i || counts[c] == 0) {
+                            continue;
+                        }
+                        double d = dist_func(working_colors[p], centers[c]);
+                        if (d < nearest) {
+                            nearest = d;
+                        }
+                    }
+                    if (nearest > max_min_dist) {
+                        max_min_dist = nearest;
+                        best_idx = p;
+                    }
+                }
+                centers[i] = working_colors[best_idx];
+            } else {
+                centers[i][0] = new_centers[i][0] / counts[i];
+                centers[i][1] = new_centers[i][1] / counts[i];
+                centers[i][2] = new_centers[i][2] / counts[i];
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    return centers;
+}
+
+// K-Means clustering algorithm
+std::vector<Color> cluster_k_means(const std::vector<Color>& colors, const ClusterParameters& cluster_parameters) {
+    std::size_t k = cluster_parameters.cluster_k;
+    std::size_t max_iter = cluster_parameters.max_iter;
+
+    if (k == 0 || colors.empty()) {
+        return {};
+    }
+
+    const bool use_lab = (cluster_parameters.color_difference_method != ColorDifferenceMethod::RGB);
+    WorkingDistFunc working_dist_func = use_lab ? ciede2000 : calc_rgb_color_difference_by_squared_rgb_double;
+
+    // ==========================================
+    // 1. Preprocessing: deduplicate + pre-convert to working space
+    // ==========================================
+    std::vector<Color> unique_colors = colors;
+    std::sort(unique_colors.begin(), unique_colors.end());
+    auto last = std::unique(unique_colors.begin(), unique_colors.end());
+    unique_colors.erase(last, unique_colors.end());
+
+#ifdef DEBUG_FLAG
+    BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(debug) << "Input colors: " << colors.size() << ", Unique colors: " << unique_colors.size();
+#endif  // DEBUG_FLAG
+
+    if (unique_colors.size() < k) {
+        BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(warning) << "Unique color count (" << unique_colors.size() << ") is less than target K (" << k << "). Adjusting K.";
+        k = unique_colors.size();
+        if (k == 0) {
+            return {};
+        }
+        return unique_colors;
+    }
+
+    std::vector<ColorDouble> working_colors(unique_colors.size());
+    for (std::size_t i = 0; i < unique_colors.size(); ++i) {
+        if (use_lab) {
+            working_colors[i] = convert_rgb_to_lab(unique_colors[i]);
+        } else {
+            working_colors[i] = {static_cast<double>(unique_colors[i][0]), static_cast<double>(unique_colors[i][1]), static_cast<double>(unique_colors[i][2])};
+        }
+    }
+
+    // ==========================================
+    // 2. K-Means clustering
+    // ==========================================
+    auto centers = kmeans_core(working_colors, k, max_iter, working_dist_func, cluster_parameters.cancel_callback);
+
+    // ==========================================
+    // 3. Output: convert from working space back to RGB
+    // ==========================================
+    std::vector<Color> result(k);
+    for (std::size_t i = 0; i < k; ++i) {
+        if (use_lab) {
+            result[i] = convert_lab_to_rgb(centers[i]);
+        } else {
+            result[i] = {static_cast<std::size_t>(std::round(centers[i][0])), static_cast<std::size_t>(std::round(centers[i][1])),
+                         static_cast<std::size_t>(std::round(centers[i][2]))};
+        }
+    }
+
+    return result;
+}
+
+std::vector<Color> cluster_to_specified_colors(const std::vector<Color>& colors, const std::vector<Color>& specified_colors) {
+    std::vector<Color> cluster_colors = colors;
+    std::vector<ColorDouble> specified_double_colors;
+    specified_double_colors.reserve(specified_colors.size());
+    for (auto& color : specified_colors) {
+        specified_double_colors.push_back(ColorDouble{static_cast<double>(color[0]), static_cast<double>(color[1]), static_cast<double>(color[2])});
+    }
+
+    tbb::parallel_for(tbb::blocked_range<std::size_t>(0, cluster_colors.size()), [&](const tbb::blocked_range<size_t>& range) {
+        for (std::size_t i = range.begin(); i < range.end(); ++i) {
+            ColorDouble p_color{static_cast<double>(cluster_colors[i][0]), static_cast<double>(cluster_colors[i][1]),
+                                static_cast<double>(cluster_colors[i][2])};
+
+            double min_dist = std::numeric_limits<double>::max();
+            std::size_t best_cluster = 0;
+
+            for (std::size_t j = 0; j < specified_double_colors.size(); ++j) {
+                double d = calc_rgb_color_difference_by_squared_rgb_double(p_color, specified_double_colors[j]);
+                if (d < min_dist) {
+                    min_dist = d;
+                    best_cluster = j;
+                }
+            }
+
+            cluster_colors[i] = specified_colors[best_cluster];
+        }
+    });
+
+    return cluster_colors;
+}
+
+// Color PCA struct
+struct ColorPCA {
+    std::size_t color_idx;  // Index of the original color in ColorList
+    double pca_value;  // Projection value onto the first principal component
+
+    ColorPCA(std::size_t c_idx, double pca_val)
+        : color_idx(c_idx),
+          pca_value(pca_val) {}
+
+    // Comparison operator (ascending order)
+    bool operator<(const ColorPCA& other) const { return pca_value < other.pca_value; }
+
+    // Equality check
+    bool operator==(const ColorPCA& other) const { return color_idx == other.color_idx; }
+};
+
+[[maybe_unused]] static std::vector<ColorPCA> sort_colors_by_pca(const std::vector<Color>& colors) {
+    const std::size_t n = colors.size();
+
+    if (n == 0) {
+        return {};
+    }
+
+    if (n == 1) {
+        return {{0, 0.0}};
+    }
+
+    // Step 1: Data preprocessing - normalize to [0, 1]
+    Eigen::MatrixXd data(n, 3);
+
+    for (std::size_t i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
+        data(i, 0) = static_cast<double>(colors[i][0]) / 255.0;  // R
+        data(i, 1) = static_cast<double>(colors[i][1]) / 255.0;  // G
+        data(i, 2) = static_cast<double>(colors[i][2]) / 255.0;  // B
+    }
+
+    // Step 2: Compute mean and center the data
+    Eigen::RowVector3d mean = data.colwise().mean();
+    Eigen::MatrixXd centered = data.rowwise() - mean;
+
+    // Step 3: Compute covariance matrix (3x3)
+    Eigen::Matrix3d cov = (centered.adjoint() * centered) / static_cast<double>(n - 1);
+
+    // Step 4: Eigenvalue decomposition
+    Eigen::SelfAdjointEigenSolver<Eigen::Matrix3d> solver(cov);
+
+    if (solver.info() != Eigen::Success) {
+#ifdef DEBUG_FLAG
+        std::cerr << "PCA: Eigenvalue decomposition failed" << std::endl;
+#endif  // DEBUG_FLAG
+        // Fallback: return an approximate result sorted by luminance.
+        // Luminance is a key perceptual feature; convert RGB to grayscale (L = 0.299R + 0.587G + 0.114B) and sort in ascending order.
+        std::vector<ColorPCA> result;
+        result.reserve(n);
+        for (std::size_t i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
+            double luminance = 0.299 * colors[i][0] + 0.587 * colors[i][1] + 0.114 * colors[i][2];
+            result.push_back({i, luminance});
+        }
+        std::sort(result.begin(), result.end());
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    // Get eigenvalues and eigenvectors (sorted by eigenvalue in descending order)
+    Eigen::Vector3d eigenvalues = solver.eigenvalues();
+    Eigen::Matrix3d eigenvectors = solver.eigenvectors();
+
+    // Step 5: Find the eigenvector corresponding to the largest eigenvalue (first principal component)
+    Eigen::MatrixXd::Index max_eigenvalue_idx;
+    eigenvalues.maxCoeff(&max_eigenvalue_idx);
+
+    Eigen::Vector3d first_principal_component = eigenvectors.col(max_eigenvalue_idx);
+
+    // Step 6: Project centered data onto the first principal component
+    Eigen::VectorXd projections = centered * first_principal_component;
+
+    // Step 7: Build result and sort
+    std::vector<ColorPCA> result;
+    result.reserve(n);
+
+    for (std::size_t i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
+        result.push_back({i, projections(i)});
+    }
+
+    std::sort(result.begin(), result.end());
+
+    return result;
+}
+
+std::vector<Color> cluster_adaptive(const std::vector<Color>& colors, const ClusterParameters& cluster_parameters) {
+    if (colors.empty()) {
+        return {};
+    }
+
+    const double max_color_distance = cluster_parameters.max_color_distance;
+    const std::size_t max_iter = cluster_parameters.max_iter;
+    const bool use_lab = (cluster_parameters.color_difference_method != ColorDifferenceMethod::RGB);
+    WorkingDistFunc working_dist_func = use_lab ? ciede2000 : calc_rgb_color_difference_by_squared_rgb_double;
+
+    // ==========================================
+    // 1. Deduplicate + convert to working space
+    // ==========================================
+    std::vector<Color> unique_colors = colors;
+    std::sort(unique_colors.begin(), unique_colors.end());
+    auto last = std::unique(unique_colors.begin(), unique_colors.end());
+    unique_colors.erase(last, unique_colors.end());
+
+    BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(debug) << "cluster_adaptive: colors=" << colors.size()
+                             << " unique=" << unique_colors.size()
+                             << " max_color_distance=" << max_color_distance;
+
+    if (unique_colors.size() <= 1) {
+        return unique_colors;
+    }
+
+    std::vector<ColorDouble> working_colors(unique_colors.size());
+    for (std::size_t i = 0; i < unique_colors.size(); ++i) {
+        if (use_lab) {
+            working_colors[i] = convert_rgb_to_lab(unique_colors[i]);
+        } else {
+            working_colors[i] = {static_cast<double>(unique_colors[i][0]), static_cast<double>(unique_colors[i][1]), static_cast<double>(unique_colors[i][2])};
+        }
+    }
+
+    // ==========================================
+    // 2. Binary search k: find the smallest k where P99 radius <= max_color_distance
+    // ==========================================
+    const std::size_t max_k = cluster_parameters.max_cluster_k;
+    std::size_t lo = 1;
+    std::size_t hi = std::min<std::size_t>(max_k, unique_colors.size());
+    std::size_t best_k = 0;
+    std::vector<ColorDouble> best_centers;
+
+    constexpr double kRadiusPercentile = 0.99;
+
+    auto calc_max_radius = [&](const std::vector<ColorDouble>& centers) -> double {
+        std::vector<double> distances(working_colors.size());
+        tbb::parallel_for(tbb::blocked_range<std::size_t>(0, working_colors.size()), [&](const tbb::blocked_range<size_t>& range) {
+            for (std::size_t i = range.begin(); i < range.end(); ++i) {
+                double min_dist = std::numeric_limits<double>::max();
+                for (const auto& center : centers) {
+                    double d = working_dist_func(working_colors[i], center);
+                    if (d < min_dist) {
+                        min_dist = d;
+                    }
+                }
+                distances[i] = min_dist;
+            }
+        });
+        if (distances.empty()) {
+            return 0.0;
+        }
+        std::size_t idx = std::min<std::size_t>(static_cast<std::size_t>(distances.size() * kRadiusPercentile), distances.size() - 1);
+        std::nth_element(distances.begin(), distances.begin() + idx, distances.end());
+        return distances[idx];
+    };
+
+    const auto& cancel_cb = cluster_parameters.cancel_callback;
+
+    while (lo <= hi) {
+        if (cancel_cb && cancel_cb()) return {};
+        std::size_t mid = lo + (hi - lo) / 2;
+        auto centers = kmeans_core(working_colors, mid, max_iter, working_dist_func, cancel_cb);
+        if (cancel_cb && cancel_cb()) return {};
+        double max_radius = calc_max_radius(centers);
+
+        BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(debug) << "cluster_adaptive binary search: k=" << mid << " max_radius=" << max_radius;
+
+        if (max_radius <= max_color_distance) {
+            best_k = mid;
+            best_centers = std::move(centers);
+            hi = mid - 1;
+        } else {
+            lo = mid + 1;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (best_k == 0) {
+        best_k = std::min<std::size_t>(max_k, unique_colors.size());
+        best_centers = kmeans_core(working_colors, best_k, max_iter, working_dist_func, cancel_cb);
+        BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(warning) << "cluster_adaptive: binary search found no k satisfying max_radius<="
+                                   << max_color_distance << ", fallback to k=" << best_k;
+    }
+
+    BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(debug) << "cluster_adaptive: best_k=" << best_k;
+
+    // ==========================================
+    // 3. Convert centers back to RGB
+    // ==========================================
+    std::vector<Color> result(best_k);
+    for (std::size_t i = 0; i < best_k; ++i) {
+        if (use_lab) {
+            result[i] = convert_lab_to_rgb(best_centers[i]);
+        } else {
+            result[i] = {static_cast<std::size_t>(std::round(best_centers[i][0])), static_cast<std::size_t>(std::round(best_centers[i][1])),
+                         static_cast<std::size_t>(std::round(best_centers[i][2]))};
+        }
+    }
+
+    return result;
+}
+
+static std::vector<std::vector<CGAL::SM_Face_index>> get_connected_face_groups(const CGALMesh& mesh) {
+    std::vector<std::vector<CGAL::SM_Face_index>> face_groups;
+    std::unordered_set<CGAL::SM_Face_index> visited_faces;
+    for (auto src_face : mesh.faces()) {
+        if (visited_faces.count(src_face)) {
+            continue;
+        }
+        std::vector<CGAL::SM_Face_index> face_group;
+        std::queue<CGAL::SM_Face_index> que;
+        que.push(src_face);
+        visited_faces.insert(src_face);
+        while (!que.empty()) {
+            auto curr_face = que.front();
+            que.pop();
+            face_group.push_back(curr_face);
+            for (auto adj_face : mesh.faces_around_face(mesh.halfedge(curr_face))) {
+                if (!mesh.is_valid(adj_face) || mesh.is_removed(adj_face) || visited_faces.count(adj_face)) {
+                    continue;
+                }
+                que.push(adj_face);
+                visited_faces.insert(adj_face);
+            }
+        }
+        face_groups.push_back(std::move(face_group));
+    }
+    return face_groups;
+}
+
+bool get_components(const TriMesh& bbs_mesh, const std::vector<Vec2f>& bbs_vertex_uvs, std::vector<TriMesh>& component_meshes,
+                    std::vector<std::vector<Vec2f>>& component_vertex_uvs) {
+    component_meshes.clear();
+    component_vertex_uvs.clear();
+
+    if (bbs_mesh.vertices.size() != bbs_vertex_uvs.size()) {
+        BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(warning) << "Input mesh vertex count does not match texture coordinate count";
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    CGALMesh cgal_mesh;
+    std::vector<Vec2f> cgal_vertex_uvs;
+    if (!cgalutils::convert_trimesh_to_cgal(bbs_mesh, bbs_vertex_uvs, cgal_mesh, cgal_vertex_uvs)) {
+        BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(warning) << "Mesh conversion failed";
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    auto face_groups = get_connected_face_groups(cgal_mesh);
+
+    for (const auto& faces : face_groups) {
+        std::unordered_map<CGAL::SM_Vertex_index, std::size_t> map_cgal_vtx_to_bbs_vtx;
+        TriVertices bbs_vertices;
+        TriFaces bbs_faces;
+        std::vector<Vec2f> bbs_vertex_uvs;
+
+        for (auto cgal_face : faces) {
+            TriFace bbs_face;
+            std::size_t face_vid = 0;
+            for (auto cgal_vtx : cgal_mesh.vertices_around_face(cgal_mesh.halfedge(cgal_face))) {
+                if (!map_cgal_vtx_to_bbs_vtx.count(cgal_vtx)) {
+                    map_cgal_vtx_to_bbs_vtx[cgal_vtx] = bbs_vertices.size();
+                    const auto& cgal_point = cgal_mesh.point(cgal_vtx);
+                    bbs_vertices.push_back(TriVertex(cgal_point.x(), cgal_point.y(), cgal_point.z()));
+                    bbs_vertex_uvs.push_back(cgal_vertex_uvs[cgal_vtx]);
+                }
+                bbs_face[face_vid] = map_cgal_vtx_to_bbs_vtx[cgal_vtx];
+                ++face_vid;
+            }
+            bbs_faces.push_back(std::move(bbs_face));
+        }
+
+        component_meshes.push_back(TriMesh(bbs_faces, bbs_vertices));
+        component_vertex_uvs.push_back(std::move(bbs_vertex_uvs));
+    }
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool calc_nearest_color_id(const std::vector<RGB>& colors, const RGB& color, std::size_t& nearest_color_id) {
+    if (colors.empty()) {
+        BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(warning) << "No color list provided";
+        return false;
+    }
+    double min_dist = std::numeric_limits<double>::max();
+    nearest_color_id = 0;
+    for (std::size_t i = 0; i < colors.size(); ++i) {
+        double dist = calc_rgb_color_difference_by_ciede2000(colors[i], color);
+        if (dist < min_dist) {
+            min_dist = dist;
+            nearest_color_id = i;
+        }
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool mesh_cluster(const TriMesh& bbs_mesh, const std::vector<RGB>& cluster_centers, std::vector<RGB>& map_face_to_rgb,
+                  std::vector<std::size_t>& map_face_to_cluster_id) {
+    if (cluster_centers.empty()) {
+        BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(warning) << "No cluster centers provided";
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    CGALMesh mesh;
+    cgalutils::convert_trimesh_to_cgal(bbs_mesh, mesh);
+    if (mesh.number_of_faces() != bbs_mesh.indices.size()) {
+        BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(warning) << "CGAL mesh face count does not match BBS mesh face count";
+        return false;
+    }
+    if (mesh.number_of_faces() != map_face_to_rgb.size()) {
+        BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(warning) << "CGAL mesh face count does not match RGB count";
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    if (cluster_centers.size() == 1) {
+        std::fill(map_face_to_rgb.begin(), map_face_to_rgb.end(), cluster_centers[0]);
+#ifdef DEBUG_FLAG
+        BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(debug) << "input cluster centers' size is 1, so we set all face RGB as same with it and return.\n";
+#endif
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    std::vector<double> map_face_to_area(mesh.number_of_faces());
+    tbb::parallel_for(tbb::blocked_range<std::size_t>(0, mesh.number_of_faces()), [&](const tbb::blocked_range<size_t>& range) {
+        for (std::size_t fid = range.begin(); fid < range.end(); ++fid) {
+            CGAL::SM_Face_index face(fid);
+            map_face_to_area[fid] = std::max(PMP::face_area(face, mesh), EPSILON);
+        }
+    });
+
+    // Step 1: Identify faces that definitely belong to a cluster center.
+    // A face is definitively assigned when dist1 * absolute_difference_times < dist2 (nearest vs. second-nearest center).
+    constexpr double absolute_difference_times = 1.5;
+    // dE <= 1.0: imperceptible to the human eye, high-precision color matching
+    // dE <= 2.0: slight difference, noticeable by experts; printing / image processing standard
+    // dE <= 3.0: noticeable by ordinary observers; general quality control
+    constexpr double difference_epsilon = 3.0;
+    constexpr std::size_t invalid_cluster_id = std::numeric_limits<std::size_t>::max();
+    map_face_to_cluster_id.resize(mesh.number_of_faces(), invalid_cluster_id);
+    std::vector<std::vector<std::pair<double, std::size_t>>> map_face_to_dists(mesh.number_of_faces(),
+                                                                               std::vector<std::pair<double, std::size_t>>(cluster_centers.size()));
+    tbb::parallel_for(tbb::blocked_range<std::size_t>(0, mesh.number_of_faces()), [&](const tbb::blocked_range<size_t>& range) {
+        for (std::size_t fid = range.begin(); fid < range.end(); ++fid) {
+            CGAL::SM_Face_index face(fid);
+            std::vector<std::pair<double, std::size_t>>& dist_and_cid_vec = map_face_to_dists[fid];
+            for (std::size_t cluster_id = 0; cluster_id < cluster_centers.size(); ++cluster_id) {
+                double dist = calc_rgb_color_difference_by_ciede2000(map_face_to_rgb[fid], cluster_centers[cluster_id]);
+                //dist_and_cid_vec.emplace_back(dist, cluster_id);
+                dist_and_cid_vec[cluster_id] = std::pair<double, std::size_t>{dist, cluster_id};
+            }
+            std::sort(dist_and_cid_vec.begin(), dist_and_cid_vec.end());
+            if (dist_and_cid_vec[0].first < difference_epsilon || dist_and_cid_vec[0].first * absolute_difference_times < dist_and_cid_vec[1].first) {
+                map_face_to_cluster_id[fid] = dist_and_cid_vec[0].second;
+            }
+        }
+    });
+
+    std::unordered_set<std::size_t> unclusted_fids;
+    for (std::size_t fid = 0; fid < mesh.number_of_faces(); ++fid) {
+        if (map_face_to_cluster_id[fid] == invalid_cluster_id) {
+            unclusted_fids.insert(fid);
+        }
+    }
+
+    auto convert_unclustered_to_clustered = [&](const std::unordered_set<std::size_t>& iter_clustered_fids) -> bool {
+        if (iter_clustered_fids.empty()) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        for (auto& fid : iter_clustered_fids) {
+            unclusted_fids.erase(fid);
+        }
+        return true;
+    };
+
+    // Step 2: Flood. Use faces computed in the previous step as seeds and propagate outward.
+    while (!unclusted_fids.empty()) {
+        bool changed = false;
+        std::unordered_set<std::size_t> iter_clustered_fids;
+        // If an uncolored face has an adjacent color whose count exceeds the sum of all other colors, assign that color
+        for (auto fid : unclusted_fids) {
+            CGAL::SM_Face_index face(fid);
+            std::size_t count = 0;
+            std::unordered_map<std::size_t, std::size_t> map_cluster_id_to_count;
+            for (auto adj_face : mesh.faces_around_face(mesh.halfedge(face))) {
+                if (!mesh.is_valid(adj_face) || mesh.is_removed(adj_face)) {
+                    continue;
+                }
+                ++count;
+                ++map_cluster_id_to_count[map_face_to_cluster_id[adj_face]];
+            }
+            for (auto& [cluster_id, cnt] : map_cluster_id_to_count) {
+                if (cluster_id != invalid_cluster_id && cnt * 2 > count) {
+                    map_face_to_cluster_id[fid] = cluster_id;
+                    iter_clustered_fids.insert(fid);
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        changed = convert_unclustered_to_clustered(iter_clustered_fids) || changed;
+        iter_clustered_fids.clear();
+
+        // If a face's nearest cluster center (by color distance) happens to have an adjacent face, assign that color too
+        for (auto fid : unclusted_fids) {
+            CGAL::SM_Face_index face(fid);
+            std::unordered_set<std::size_t> adj_cluster_ids;
+            for (auto adj_face : mesh.faces_around_face(mesh.halfedge(face))) {
+                if (!mesh.is_valid(adj_face) || mesh.is_removed(adj_face)) {
+                    continue;
+                }
+                if (map_face_to_cluster_id[adj_face] == invalid_cluster_id) {
+                    continue;
+                }
+                adj_cluster_ids.insert(map_face_to_cluster_id[adj_face]);
+            }
+            if (adj_cluster_ids.count(map_face_to_dists[fid].front().second)) {
+                map_face_to_cluster_id[fid] = map_face_to_dists[fid].front().second;
+                iter_clustered_fids.insert(fid);
+            }
+        }
+        changed = convert_unclustered_to_clustered(iter_clustered_fids) || changed;
+        iter_clustered_fids.clear();
+
+        // If no face colors were modified in this iteration, stop
+        if (!changed) {
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Step 3: Handle remaining unclustered faces (run after the above operations complete)
+    constexpr bool use_average_color = true;
+    for (auto src_fid : std::vector<std::size_t>(unclusted_fids.begin(), unclusted_fids.end())) {
+        if (!unclusted_fids.count(src_fid)) {
+            continue;
+        }
+        // Compute connected unclustered faces
+        std::queue<std::size_t> que;
+        std::unordered_set<std::size_t> connected_unclustered_faces;
+        que.push(src_fid);
+        connected_unclustered_faces.insert(src_fid);
+        double sum_r = 0, sum_g = 0, sum_b = 0;
+        double sum_area = 0.0;
+        std::unordered_map<std::size_t, double> map_cluster_id_to_adj_area;
+        while (!que.empty()) {
+            auto curr_fid = que.front();
+            que.pop();
+            sum_r += map_face_to_area[curr_fid] * map_face_to_rgb[curr_fid][0];
+            sum_g += map_face_to_area[curr_fid] * map_face_to_rgb[curr_fid][1];
+            sum_b += map_face_to_area[curr_fid] * map_face_to_rgb[curr_fid][2];
+            sum_area += map_face_to_area[curr_fid];
+            CGAL::SM_Face_index curr_face(curr_fid);
+            for (auto adj_face : mesh.faces_around_face(mesh.halfedge(curr_face))) {
+                if (!mesh.is_valid(adj_face) || mesh.is_removed(adj_face)) {  // Invalid face
+                    continue;
+                }
+                if (map_face_to_cluster_id[adj_face] != invalid_cluster_id) {
+                    map_cluster_id_to_adj_area[map_face_to_cluster_id[adj_face]] += map_face_to_area[adj_face];
+                } else {
+                    if (!connected_unclustered_faces.count(adj_face)) {  // Already clustered or already recorded
+                        que.push(adj_face);
+                        connected_unclustered_faces.insert(adj_face);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        std::size_t matched_cluster_id = invalid_cluster_id;
+        if (use_average_color) {
+            // Use average color
+            RGB average_color{static_cast<std::size_t>(sum_r / sum_area), static_cast<std::size_t>(sum_g / sum_area),
+                              static_cast<std::size_t>(sum_b / sum_area)};
+            double min_dist = std::numeric_limits<double>::max();
+            for (auto& [cluster_id, area] : map_cluster_id_to_adj_area) {
+                double dist = calc_rgb_color_difference_by_ciede2000(average_color, cluster_centers[cluster_id]);
+                if (dist < min_dist) {
+                    min_dist = dist;
+                    matched_cluster_id = cluster_id;
+                }
+            }
+        } else {
+            // Use adjacent area
+            double adj_max_area = 0.0;
+            for (auto& [cluster_id, area] : map_cluster_id_to_adj_area) {
+                if (area > adj_max_area) {
+                    adj_max_area = area;
+                    matched_cluster_id = cluster_id;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        for (auto fid : connected_unclustered_faces) {
+            map_face_to_cluster_id[fid] = matched_cluster_id;
+            unclusted_fids.erase(fid);
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Convert cluster center IDs to colors
+    for (std::size_t fid = 0; fid < mesh.number_of_faces(); ++fid) {
+        if (map_face_to_cluster_id[fid] == invalid_cluster_id) {
+            map_face_to_rgb[fid] = cluster_centers[0];
+            map_face_to_cluster_id[fid] = 0;  // Prevent out-of-bounds errors when using cluster_id later
+        } else {
+            map_face_to_rgb[fid] = cluster_centers[map_face_to_cluster_id[fid]];
+        }
+    }
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+}  // namespace color_utils
+
+}  // namespace tex2color
+}  // namespace Slic3r
diff --git a/src/libslic3r/TextureToColor/ColorUtils.hpp b/src/libslic3r/TextureToColor/ColorUtils.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..05849109f4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/libslic3r/TextureToColor/ColorUtils.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,207 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "Callbacks.hpp"
+#include "TriMesh.hpp"
+
+namespace Slic3r { namespace tex2color {
+
+namespace color_utils {
+struct ClusterParameters;
+
+typedef std::array<std::size_t, 3> Color;  // RGB: [R, G, B] 0~255
+typedef std::vector<Color> ColorList;
+typedef std::array<double, 3> ColorDouble;
+typedef std::array<std::size_t, 3> RGB;
+
+// Function pointer type that points to a specific color-difference function based on the chosen method.
+using DistanceFunction = double (*)(const Color&, const Color&);
+
+// Color space used for computing color differences.
+enum struct ColorDifferenceMethod : std::size_t {
+    RGB = 0,  // Simplest and fastest
+    Lab = 1   // Most perceptually accurate
+};
+
+struct ClusterParameters {
+    ColorDifferenceMethod color_difference_method = ColorDifferenceMethod::Lab;  // Method for measuring color difference; Lab is the most accurate
+
+    double max_color_distance = 25;  // Max intra-cluster radius (CIEDE2000 dE) for adaptive clustering; ignored by the fixed-K algorithm
+
+    std::size_t cluster_k = 10;  // Target number of cluster centers; ignored by the adaptive algorithm
+
+    std::size_t max_cluster_k = 32;  // Max cluster count upper bound for adaptive algorithm
+
+    std::size_t max_iter = 50;  // Maximum number of iterations
+
+    std::function<bool()> cancel_callback;  // Optional cancellation check; returns true when the caller requests abort
+};
+
+struct SmoothParameters {
+    double smooth_weight = 0.5;  // Controls smoothing intensity; larger values produce smoother results. Range: [0.0, 1.0]
+};
+
+/**
+ * @brief Compute the squared Euclidean distance between two RGB colors.
+ *
+ * @param[in]      rgb1    First RGB color [R, G, B], range 0~255.
+ * @param[in]      rgb2    Second RGB color [R, G, B], range 0~255.
+ * @return Squared Euclidean distance: (R1-R2)^2 + (G1-G2)^2 + (B1-B2)^2.
+ */
+double calc_rgb_color_difference_by_squared_rgb(const RGB& rgb1, const RGB& rgb2);
+
+/**
+ * @brief Compute the squared Euclidean distance between two RGB colors (double precision).
+ *
+ * @param[in]      c1      First RGB color [R, G, B], as double.
+ * @param[in]      c2      Second RGB color [R, G, B], as double.
+ * @return Squared Euclidean distance: (R1-R2)^2 + (G1-G2)^2 + (B1-B2)^2.
+ */
+double calc_rgb_color_difference_by_squared_rgb_double(const ColorDouble& c1, const ColorDouble& c2);
+
+/**
+ * @brief Compute the CIEDE2000 color difference between two RGB colors.
+ *
+ * Currently the most accurate color-difference formula, recommended by CIE as the industry standard.
+ * - dE <= 1.0: imperceptible to the human eye, high-precision color matching.
+ * - dE <= 2.0: slight difference, noticeable by experts; printing / image processing standard.
+ * - dE <= 3.0: noticeable by ordinary observers; general quality control.
+ *
+ * @param[in]      rgb1    First RGB color [R, G, B], range 0~255.
+ * @param[in]      rgb2    Second RGB color [R, G, B], range 0~255.
+ * @return CIEDE2000 color difference; smaller values indicate more similar colors.
+ */
+double calc_rgb_color_difference_by_ciede2000(const RGB& rgb1, const RGB& rgb2);
+
+/**
+ * @brief Compute the CIEDE2000 color difference between two sRGB colors (double precision, non-linear channels in [0,1]).
+ *
+ * Uses the same XYZ/Lab/dE00 pipeline as calc_rgb_color_difference_by_ciede2000 but without uint8
+ * quantization or the intermediate x255 conversion; suitable for bisection, color blending, and other
+ * iterative scenarios. Note: ColorDouble here represents [R,G,B] in [0,1], which differs from the
+ * 0~255 scale used by other interfaces in this file. Callers should follow the naming convention.
+ *
+ * @param[in] rgb1 rgb2  sRGB non-linear channel values, recommended range [0,1].
+ */
+double calc_rgb_color_difference_by_ciede2000_srgb01(const ColorDouble& rgb1, const ColorDouble& rgb2);
+
+/**
+ * @brief K-Means clustering algorithm that minimizes the sum of squared errors.
+ *
+ * Uses K-Means++ initialization to iteratively find the optimal cluster centers.
+ *
+ * @param[in]      colors                Input color list.
+ * @param[in]      cluster_parameters    Clustering parameters including cluster count, max iterations, color-difference method, etc.
+ * @return List of cluster-center colors whose size equals cluster_parameters.cluster_k.
+ */
+std::vector<Color> cluster_k_means(const std::vector<Color>& colors, const ClusterParameters& cluster_parameters);
+
+/**
+ * @brief Adaptive K-Means clustering that determines an appropriate number of clusters under a max color-distance constraint.
+ *
+ * Automatically finds the optimal cluster count via binary search so that max_color_distance is satisfied.
+ *
+ * @param[in]      colors                Input color list.
+ * @param[in]      cluster_parameters    Clustering parameters; cluster_k is ignored and determined automatically.
+ * @return List of cluster-center colors whose count is determined by the algorithm based on max_color_distance.
+ */
+std::vector<Color> cluster_adaptive(const std::vector<Color>& colors, const ClusterParameters& cluster_parameters);
+
+/**
+ * @brief Cluster a color list to a set of specified cluster centers.
+ *
+ * For each input color, find the nearest specified cluster center and replace it.
+ *
+ * @param[in]      colors                Input color list.
+ * @param[in]      specified_colors      Specified cluster-center colors.
+ * @return Clustered color list where each color is replaced by its nearest center.
+ */
+std::vector<Color> cluster_to_specified_colors(const std::vector<Color>& colors, const std::vector<Color>& specified_colors);
+
+/**
+ * @brief Remesh the mesh while preserving color boundaries.
+ *
+ * Performs isotropic remeshing while protecting color boundaries. Edges whose two adjacent
+ * faces have different colors are marked as feature edges and will not be modified.
+ *
+ * @param[in,out]  mesh                      Input mesh; modified in-place after remeshing.
+ * @param[in,out]  face_labels               Face color labels; updated to match the new mesh.
+ * @param[in]      target_edge_length_ratio  Ratio of target average edge length to input average edge length; >1 simplifies, <1 refines.
+ * @return true on success, false on failure.
+ */
+bool remesh_mesh(TriMesh& mesh, std::vector<std::size_t>& face_labels, double target_edge_length_ratio);
+
+/**
+ * @brief Check whether the mesh is closed (watertight).
+ *
+ * A mesh is closed if it has no boundary edges, i.e. every edge is shared by exactly two faces.
+ *
+ * @param[in]      tri_mesh    Input mesh.
+ * @return true if the mesh is closed, false if it has boundary edges.
+ */
+bool is_closed(const TriMesh& tri_mesh);
+
+/**
+ * @brief Smooth region boundaries (RGB color labels).
+ *
+ * Applies topological smoothing (label reassignment) and geometric smoothing (boundary vertex relocation).
+ *
+ * @param[in,out]  tri_mesh              Input mesh; modified in-place after smoothing.
+ * @param[in,out]  face_labels           Face color labels (RGB format); updated after smoothing.
+ * @param[in]      smooth_parameters     Smoothing control parameters.
+ * @return true on success, false on failure.
+ */
+bool smooth_region(TriMesh& tri_mesh, std::vector<std::array<std::size_t, 3>>& face_labels, const SmoothParameters& smooth_parameters = SmoothParameters());
+
+/**
+ * @brief Smooth region boundaries (integer labels).
+ *
+ * Applies topological smoothing (label reassignment) and geometric smoothing (boundary vertex relocation).
+ *
+ * @param[in,out]  tri_mesh              Input mesh; modified in-place after smoothing.
+ * @param[in,out]  face_labels           Integer face labels; updated after smoothing.
+ * @param[in]      smooth_parameters     Smoothing control parameters.
+ * @return true on success, false on failure.
+ */
+bool smooth_region(TriMesh& tri_mesh, std::vector<std::size_t>& face_labels, const SmoothParameters& smooth_parameters = SmoothParameters());
+
+/**
+ * @brief Split the mesh into connected components.
+ *
+ * Based on face connectivity, the mesh is split into independent components, each forming a
+ * standalone mesh. Texture coordinates for each component are preserved.
+ *
+ * @param[in]      mesh                    Input mesh.
+ * @param[in]      vertex_uvs              Vertex texture coordinates.
+ * @param[out]     component_meshes        Output list of component meshes.
+ * @param[out]     component_vertex_uvs    Output list of texture coordinates per component.
+ * @return true on success, false on failure.
+ */
+bool get_components(const TriMesh& mesh, const std::vector<Vec2f>& vertex_uvs, std::vector<TriMesh>& component_meshes,
+                    std::vector<std::vector<Vec2f>>& component_vertex_uvs);
+
+/**
+ * @brief Find the ID of the nearest color in a color list to a given color.
+ *
+ * @param[in]      colors                Color list.
+ * @param[in]      color                 Target color.
+ * @param[out]     nearest_color_id      ID of the nearest color found.
+ * @return true on success, false on failure.
+ */
+bool calc_nearest_color_id(const std::vector<RGB>& colors, const RGB& color, std::size_t& nearest_color_id);
+
+/**
+ * @brief Cluster mesh face colors based on given cluster centers.
+ *
+ * @param[in]          mesh                    Input mesh.
+ * @param[in]          cluster_centers         Cluster-center RGB colors.
+ * @param[in, out]     map_face_to_rgb         RGB color per face; updated to the nearest cluster center after clustering.
+ * @param[out]         map_face_to_cluster_id  Cluster-center ID per face; updated to the nearest cluster center ID.
+ * @return true on success, false on failure.
+ */
+bool mesh_cluster(const TriMesh& mesh, const std::vector<RGB>& cluster_centers, std::vector<RGB>& map_face_to_rgb,
+                  std::vector<std::size_t>& map_face_to_cluster_id);
+
+}  // namespace color_utils
+
+}  // namespace tex2color
+}  // namespace Slic3r
diff --git a/src/libslic3r/TextureToColor/Repair.hpp b/src/libslic3r/TextureToColor/Repair.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..44dc30c144
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/libslic3r/TextureToColor/Repair.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,252 @@
+#pragma once
+#include "TriMesh.hpp"
+#include "CgalUtils.hpp"
+#include "Callbacks.hpp"
+#include <CGAL/Polygon_mesh_processing/border.h>
+#include <CGAL/Polygon_mesh_processing/manifoldness.h>
+#include <CGAL/Polygon_mesh_processing/repair_polygon_soup.h>
+#include <CGAL/Polygon_mesh_processing/repair.h>
+#include <CGAL/Polygon_mesh_processing/orient_polygon_soup.h>
+#include <CGAL/Polygon_mesh_processing/polygon_soup_to_polygon_mesh.h>
+#include <CGAL/Polygon_mesh_processing/stitch_borders.h>
+#include <CGAL/Polygon_mesh_processing/triangulate_hole.h>
+#include <boost/log/trivial.hpp>
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <chrono>
+#include <cstddef>
+#include <memory>
+#include <utility>
+
+namespace Slic3r { namespace tex2color {
+
+namespace PMP = CGAL::Polygon_mesh_processing;
+
+// Default upper bound on the number of half-edges in any single boundary cycle
+// that CloseBoundariesAndRepairManifoldness will attempt to triangulate. The
+// cost of triangulate_hole grows non-linearly with cycle length, so this caps
+// the worst-case per-hole work rather than the aggregate boundary size: a mesh
+// with many small holes is still fully repaired, while a mesh containing one
+// pathologically large hole skips triangulation entirely.
+inline constexpr std::size_t MAX_REPAIRABLE_MESH_HOLE_EDGES = 500;
+
+// Default upper bound on the aggregate number of boundary half-edges in the
+// mesh (summed across every boundary cycle). When the total boundary length is
+// excessive, even if each individual cycle is short, triangulating all of them
+// usually indicates a severely fragmented input (e.g. heavily damaged scans)
+// and rarely yields a usable result, so we skip hole closing entirely.
+inline constexpr std::size_t MAX_REPAIRABLE_MESH_BOUNDARY_EDGES = 5000;
+
+struct RepairSetting
+{
+    // Skip triangulating a boundary cycle whose half-edge count exceeds this.
+    std::size_t max_hole_edges = MAX_REPAIRABLE_MESH_HOLE_EDGES;
+    // Skip hole closing entirely when the total boundary half-edge count
+    // (summed across all cycles) exceeds this.
+    std::size_t max_boundary_edges = MAX_REPAIRABLE_MESH_BOUNDARY_EDGES;
+};
+
+struct BoundaryEdgeStats
+{
+    std::size_t total_boundary_edges = 0;
+    std::size_t max_cycle_edges      = 0;
+    std::size_t cycle_count          = 0;
+};
+
+// Read-only inspection of the mesh's boundary cycles. Caller is responsible for
+// any pre-processing (e.g. stitch_borders) needed for the count to be meaningful.
+inline BoundaryEdgeStats ComputeBoundaryEdgeStats(const cgalutils::CGALMesh& cgal_mesh)
+{
+    using CGALMesh = cgalutils::CGALMesh;
+    using HalfedgeDescriptor = boost::graph_traits<CGALMesh>::halfedge_descriptor;
+
+    std::vector<HalfedgeDescriptor> border_cycles;
+    PMP::extract_boundary_cycles(cgal_mesh, std::back_inserter(border_cycles));
+
+    BoundaryEdgeStats stats;
+    stats.cycle_count = border_cycles.size();
+    for (const HalfedgeDescriptor h0 : border_cycles) {
+        std::size_t len = 0;
+        HalfedgeDescriptor h = h0;
+        do {
+            ++len;
+            h = next(h, cgal_mesh);
+        } while (h != h0);
+        stats.max_cycle_edges = std::max(stats.max_cycle_edges, len);
+        stats.total_boundary_edges += len;
+    }
+    return stats;
+}
+
+// Unconditionally close every boundary cycle of the mesh and repair non-manifold
+// vertices. The caller (e.g. RepairMesh) is expected to gate this call based on
+// boundary statistics; entering this function always triggers triangulation.
+inline void CloseBoundariesAndRepairManifoldness(cgalutils::CGALMesh& cgal_mesh)
+{
+    using CGALMesh = cgalutils::CGALMesh;
+    using HalfedgeDescriptor = boost::graph_traits<CGALMesh>::halfedge_descriptor;
+    using FaceDescriptor = boost::graph_traits<CGALMesh>::face_descriptor;
+
+    PMP::stitch_borders(cgal_mesh);
+    PMP::duplicate_non_manifold_vertices(cgal_mesh);
+
+    std::vector<HalfedgeDescriptor> border_cycles;
+    PMP::extract_boundary_cycles(cgal_mesh, std::back_inserter(border_cycles));
+
+    for (const HalfedgeDescriptor h : border_cycles) {
+        std::vector<FaceDescriptor> patch_faces;
+        PMP::triangulate_hole(cgal_mesh, h, std::back_inserter(patch_faces));
+    }
+
+    PMP::remove_degenerate_faces(cgal_mesh);
+    PMP::duplicate_non_manifold_vertices(cgal_mesh);
+}
+
+inline bool RepairMesh(const TriMesh& mesh,
+                       std::shared_ptr<TriMesh>& out_mesh,
+                       AlgoProgressCallback progress_callback = nullptr,
+                       AlgoCancelCallback cancel_callback = nullptr,
+                       const RepairSetting& setting = RepairSetting{})
+{
+    using Clock = std::chrono::steady_clock;
+    auto elapsed_ms = [](Clock::time_point t0) {
+        return std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::milliseconds>(Clock::now() - t0).count();
+    };
+
+    const Clock::time_point t_total = Clock::now();
+
+    // Convert TriMesh to polygon soup (point container + triangle index container)
+    std::vector<cgalutils::Kernel::Point_3> soup_points;
+    std::vector<std::vector<std::size_t>> soup_triangles;
+
+    soup_points.reserve(mesh.vertices.size());
+    for (const TriVertex& v : mesh.vertices) {
+        soup_points.emplace_back(v.x(), v.y(), v.z());
+    }
+
+    soup_triangles.reserve(mesh.indices.size());
+    for (const TriFace& f : mesh.indices) {
+        soup_triangles.push_back({static_cast<std::size_t>(f[0]),
+                                  static_cast<std::size_t>(f[1]),
+                                  static_cast<std::size_t>(f[2])});
+    }
+
+    if (progress_callback) {
+        progress_callback({30, "Repairing polygon soup"});
+    }
+    if (cancel_callback && cancel_callback()) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    {
+        const auto t0 = Clock::now();
+        PMP::repair_polygon_soup(soup_points, soup_triangles);
+        BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(info) << "TextureToColor: RepairMesh stage=repair_polygon_soup took="
+                                << elapsed_ms(t0) << " ms";
+    }
+
+    if (progress_callback) {
+        progress_callback({50, "Orienting polygon soup"});
+    }
+    if (cancel_callback && cancel_callback()) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    {
+        const auto t0 = Clock::now();
+        PMP::orient_polygon_soup(soup_points, soup_triangles);
+        BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(info) << "TextureToColor: RepairMesh stage=orient_polygon_soup took="
+                                << elapsed_ms(t0) << " ms";
+    }
+
+    if (progress_callback) {
+        progress_callback({70, "Converting to CGAL mesh"});
+    }
+    if (cancel_callback && cancel_callback()) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    cgalutils::CGALMesh cgal_mesh;
+    {
+        const auto t0 = Clock::now();
+        PMP::polygon_soup_to_polygon_mesh(soup_points, soup_triangles, cgal_mesh);
+        BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(info) << "TextureToColor: RepairMesh stage=polygon_soup_to_polygon_mesh took="
+                                << elapsed_ms(t0) << " ms";
+    }
+
+    {
+        const auto t0 = Clock::now();
+        PMP::remove_degenerate_faces(cgal_mesh);
+        BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(info) << "TextureToColor: RepairMesh stage=remove_degenerate_faces took="
+                                << elapsed_ms(t0) << " ms";
+    }
+
+    if (progress_callback) {
+        progress_callback({80, "Closing mesh boundaries"});
+    }
+    if (cancel_callback && cancel_callback()) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    // Stitch borders and duplicate non-manifold vertices first so that the
+    // boundary statistics below reflect the post-stitch topology; otherwise
+    // boundaries that would close on stitching inflate the counts and may
+    // cause the gate to skip hole filling unnecessarily.
+    BoundaryEdgeStats stats;
+    {
+        const auto t0 = Clock::now();
+        PMP::stitch_borders(cgal_mesh);
+        PMP::duplicate_non_manifold_vertices(cgal_mesh);
+        stats = ComputeBoundaryEdgeStats(cgal_mesh);
+        BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(info) << "TextureToColor: RepairMesh stage=boundary_stats took="
+                                << elapsed_ms(t0) << " ms"
+                                << " total_boundary_edges=" << stats.total_boundary_edges
+                                << " max_cycle_edges=" << stats.max_cycle_edges
+                                << " cycle_count=" << stats.cycle_count;
+    }
+
+    const bool can_repair_holes =
+        stats.total_boundary_edges <= setting.max_boundary_edges &&
+        stats.max_cycle_edges      <= setting.max_hole_edges;
+
+    if (can_repair_holes) {
+        const auto t0 = Clock::now();
+        CloseBoundariesAndRepairManifoldness(cgal_mesh);
+        BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(info) << "TextureToColor: RepairMesh stage=close_boundaries took="
+                                << elapsed_ms(t0) << " ms";
+    } else {
+        BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(info)
+            << "TextureToColor: RepairMesh skip hole closing"
+            << ", total_boundary_edges=" << stats.total_boundary_edges
+            << " (limit=" << setting.max_boundary_edges << ")"
+            << ", max_cycle_edges=" << stats.max_cycle_edges
+            << " (limit=" << setting.max_hole_edges << ")"
+            << ", cycle_count=" << stats.cycle_count;
+    }
+
+    if (progress_callback) {
+        progress_callback({85, "Converting from CGAL mesh"});
+    }
+    if (cancel_callback && cancel_callback()) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    std::shared_ptr<TriMesh> out;
+    {
+        const auto t0 = Clock::now();
+        out = std::make_shared<TriMesh>(cgalutils::cgal_to_trimesh(cgal_mesh));
+        BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(info) << "TextureToColor: RepairMesh stage=cgal_to_trimesh took="
+                                << elapsed_ms(t0) << " ms";
+    }
+
+    out_mesh = std::move(out);
+    if (progress_callback) {
+        progress_callback({100, "Done"});
+    }
+
+    BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(info) << "TextureToColor: RepairMesh total=" << elapsed_ms(t_total) << " ms";
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+} // namespace tex2color
+} // namespace Slic3r
diff --git a/src/libslic3r/TextureToColor/TextureToColor.cpp b/src/libslic3r/TextureToColor/TextureToColor.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e3afc63cd9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/libslic3r/TextureToColor/TextureToColor.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,789 @@
+#include "TextureToColor.hpp"
+
+#include <tbb/parallel_for.h>
+#include <array>
+#include <atomic>
+#include <chrono>
+#include <cmath>
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <functional>
+#include <set>
+
+#include <boost/next_prior.hpp>
+#include "CgalUtils.hpp"
+#include "ColorUtils.hpp"
+#include "libslic3r/TriangleMesh.hpp"
+#include <filesystem>
+#include <fstream>
+#include "Repair.hpp"
+#include "libslic3r/AABBTreeIndirect.hpp"
+#include <boost/log/trivial.hpp>
+
+namespace Slic3r { namespace tex2color {
+
+using namespace color_utils;
+
+// #define OUTPUT_TEST_RESULT
+
+static void SaveToOFF(const std::string& path, const TriMesh& mesh, const std::vector<RGB>& face_colors)
+{
+    std::filesystem::create_directories(std::filesystem::path(path).parent_path());
+    std::ofstream ofs(path);
+    if (!ofs.is_open()) {
+        BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(warning) << "SaveToOFF: failed to open " << path;
+        return;
+    }
+
+    const auto& vertices = mesh.vertices;
+    const auto& faces = mesh.indices;
+
+    ofs << "OFF\n";
+    ofs << vertices.size() << " " << faces.size() << " 0\n";
+
+    for (const auto& v : vertices) {
+        ofs << v.x() << " " << v.y() << " " << v.z() << "\n";
+    }
+
+    for (std::size_t i = 0; i < faces.size(); ++i) {
+        const auto& f = faces[i];
+        ofs << "3 " << f[0] << " " << f[1] << " " << f[2];
+        if (i < face_colors.size()) {
+            ofs << " " << face_colors[i][0] / 255.0
+                << " " << face_colors[i][1] / 255.0
+                << " " << face_colors[i][2] / 255.0
+                << " 1.0";
+        }
+        ofs << "\n";
+    }
+}
+
+static std::vector<std::size_t> count_cluster_label_usage(const std::vector<std::size_t>& face_labels, std::size_t cluster_count)
+{
+    std::vector<std::size_t> usage(cluster_count, 0);
+    for (std::size_t label : face_labels) {
+        if (label < cluster_count) {
+            ++usage[label];
+        }
+    }
+    return usage;
+}
+
+static bool discard_unused_cluster_centers(std::vector<RGB>& cluster_centers, std::vector<std::size_t>& face_labels, const char* stage_name)
+{
+    if (cluster_centers.empty()) {
+        BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(warning) << "TextureToColor: cannot discard unused cluster centers at " << stage_name
+                                   << ", no cluster center is available.";
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    const std::vector<std::size_t> usage = count_cluster_label_usage(face_labels, cluster_centers.size());
+    std::vector<std::size_t> label_remap(cluster_centers.size(), std::numeric_limits<std::size_t>::max());
+    std::vector<RGB> used_cluster_centers;
+    used_cluster_centers.reserve(cluster_centers.size());
+
+    for (std::size_t cluster_id = 0; cluster_id < cluster_centers.size(); ++cluster_id) {
+        if (usage[cluster_id] == 0) {
+            continue;
+        }
+        label_remap[cluster_id] = used_cluster_centers.size();
+        used_cluster_centers.push_back(cluster_centers[cluster_id]);
+    }
+
+    if (used_cluster_centers.size() == cluster_centers.size()) {
+        return true;
+    }
+    if (used_cluster_centers.empty()) {
+        BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(warning) << "TextureToColor: cannot discard unused cluster centers at " << stage_name
+                                   << ", no face uses any valid cluster center.";
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    for (std::size_t& label : face_labels) {
+        if (label >= label_remap.size() || label_remap[label] == std::numeric_limits<std::size_t>::max()) {
+            BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(warning) << "TextureToColor: cannot remap cluster label " << label
+                                       << " at " << stage_name << ".";
+            return false;
+        }
+        label = label_remap[label];
+    }
+
+    BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(debug) << "TextureToColor: discarded " << (cluster_centers.size() - used_cluster_centers.size())
+                             << " unused adaptive cluster centers at " << stage_name << ".";
+    cluster_centers = std::move(used_cluster_centers);
+    return true;
+}
+
+static bool ensure_all_cluster_centers_used(const std::vector<RGB>& source_face_colors, const std::vector<RGB>& cluster_centers,
+                                           std::vector<std::size_t>& face_labels, const char* stage_name)
+{
+    if (source_face_colors.size() != face_labels.size()) {
+        BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(warning) << "TextureToColor: cannot preserve cluster colors at " << stage_name
+                                   << ", face color count does not match label count.";
+        return false;
+    }
+    if (cluster_centers.empty()) {
+        BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(warning) << "TextureToColor: cannot preserve cluster colors at " << stage_name
+                                   << ", no cluster center is available.";
+        return false;
+    }
+    if (cluster_centers.size() > face_labels.size()) {
+        BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(warning) << "TextureToColor: cannot use all cluster centers at " << stage_name
+                                   << ", centers=" << cluster_centers.size() << " faces=" << face_labels.size() << ".";
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    std::vector<std::size_t> usage = count_cluster_label_usage(face_labels, cluster_centers.size());
+    std::size_t missing_count = 0;
+    for (std::size_t cluster_id = 0; cluster_id < usage.size(); ++cluster_id) {
+        if (usage[cluster_id] != 0) {
+            continue;
+        }
+        ++missing_count;
+
+        double best_cost = std::numeric_limits<double>::max();
+        std::size_t best_face_id = std::numeric_limits<std::size_t>::max();
+        std::size_t best_old_cluster_id = std::numeric_limits<std::size_t>::max();
+
+        for (std::size_t fid = 0; fid < face_labels.size(); ++fid) {
+            const std::size_t old_cluster_id = face_labels[fid];
+            if (old_cluster_id >= cluster_centers.size() || usage[old_cluster_id] <= 1) {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            const double old_dist = calc_rgb_color_difference_by_ciede2000(source_face_colors[fid], cluster_centers[old_cluster_id]);
+            const double new_dist = calc_rgb_color_difference_by_ciede2000(source_face_colors[fid], cluster_centers[cluster_id]);
+            const double cost = new_dist - old_dist;
+            if (cost < best_cost) {
+                best_cost = cost;
+                best_face_id = fid;
+                best_old_cluster_id = old_cluster_id;
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (best_face_id == std::numeric_limits<std::size_t>::max()) {
+            BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(warning) << "TextureToColor: failed to assign a seed face for unused cluster " << cluster_id
+                                       << " at " << stage_name << ".";
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        face_labels[best_face_id] = cluster_id;
+        --usage[best_old_cluster_id];
+        ++usage[cluster_id];
+    }
+
+    if (missing_count > 0) {
+        BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(debug) << "TextureToColor: reassigned seed faces for " << missing_count
+                                 << " unused cluster centers at " << stage_name << ".";
+    }
+
+    for (std::size_t count : usage) {
+        if (count == 0) {
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+
+// Bilinear interpolation texture sampling; sub-pixel precision avoids nearest-neighbor aliasing
+static RGB get_pixel_color(float u, float v, const cv::Mat& texture) {
+    u = u - std::floor(u);
+    v = v - std::floor(v);
+
+    // glTF UV convention: (0,0) = top-left, v increases downward
+    float fx = u * (texture.cols - 1);
+    float fy = v * (texture.rows - 1);
+
+    int x0 = std::clamp(static_cast<int>(fx), 0, texture.cols - 1);
+    int y0 = std::clamp(static_cast<int>(fy), 0, texture.rows - 1);
+    int x1 = std::min(x0 + 1, texture.cols - 1);
+    int y1 = std::min(y0 + 1, texture.rows - 1);
+
+    float wx = fx - x0;
+    float wy = fy - y0;
+
+    const int ch = texture.channels();
+    auto sample = [&](int row, int col) -> std::array<float, 3> {
+        const uchar* ptr = texture.data + row * texture.step[0] + col * ch;
+        return {static_cast<float>(ptr[2]), static_cast<float>(ptr[1]), static_cast<float>(ptr[0])};
+    };
+
+    auto c00 = sample(y0, x0);
+    auto c10 = sample(y0, x1);
+    auto c01 = sample(y1, x0);
+    auto c11 = sample(y1, x1);
+
+    // Bilinear blend: lerp(lerp(c00,c10,wx), lerp(c01,c11,wx), wy)
+    RGB color;
+    for (int i = 0; i < 3; ++i) {
+        float top = c00[i] * (1.0f - wx) + c10[i] * wx;
+        float bot = c01[i] * (1.0f - wx) + c11[i] * wx;
+        color[i] = static_cast<std::size_t>(std::clamp(top * (1.0f - wy) + bot * wy, 0.0f, 255.0f));
+    }
+    return color;
+}
+
+// 7-point triangular Gaussian quadrature barycentric coordinates and weights (precision sufficient for capturing texture detail within faces)
+static constexpr std::array<std::array<float, 3>, 7> GAUSS_TRI_BARY = {{
+    {1.0f / 3.0f, 1.0f / 3.0f, 1.0f / 3.0f},
+    {0.059715871f, 0.470142064f, 0.470142064f},
+    {0.470142064f, 0.059715871f, 0.470142064f},
+    {0.470142064f, 0.470142064f, 0.059715871f},
+    {0.797426985f, 0.101286507f, 0.101286507f},
+    {0.101286507f, 0.797426985f, 0.101286507f},
+    {0.101286507f, 0.101286507f, 0.797426985f},
+}};
+static constexpr std::array<float, 7> GAUSS_TRI_WEIGHT = {0.225f, 0.132394152f, 0.132394152f, 0.132394152f, 0.125939181f, 0.125939181f, 0.125939181f};
+static_assert(
+    []() constexpr {
+        float sum = 0.0f;
+        for (auto w : GAUSS_TRI_WEIGHT) {
+            sum += w;
+        }
+        return sum > 0.999f && sum < 1.001f;
+    }(),
+    "Sum of Gaussian quadrature weights must be 1.0");
+
+// Multi-point Gaussian quadrature sampling on a single face; returns weighted average color.
+// GAUSS_TRI_WEIGHT sums to 1.0 (Hammer quadrature formula), no normalization needed.
+static RGB sample_face_color(const std::array<Vec2f, 3>& uvs, const cv::Mat& texture) {
+    float r = 0.0f, g = 0.0f, b = 0.0f;
+    for (int k = 0; k < 7; ++k) {
+        float u = GAUSS_TRI_BARY[k][0] * uvs[0].x() + GAUSS_TRI_BARY[k][1] * uvs[1].x() + GAUSS_TRI_BARY[k][2] * uvs[2].x();
+        float v = GAUSS_TRI_BARY[k][0] * uvs[0].y() + GAUSS_TRI_BARY[k][1] * uvs[1].y() + GAUSS_TRI_BARY[k][2] * uvs[2].y();
+        RGB c = get_pixel_color(u, v, texture);
+        float w = GAUSS_TRI_WEIGHT[k];
+        r += w * c[0];
+        g += w * c[1];
+        b += w * c[2];
+    }
+    return RGB{static_cast<std::size_t>(std::clamp(r, 0.0f, 255.0f)), static_cast<std::size_t>(std::clamp(g, 0.0f, 255.0f)),
+               static_cast<std::size_t>(std::clamp(b, 0.0f, 255.0f))};
+}
+
+// Use array<Vec2f,3> instead of vector<Vec2f> for UV storage to avoid per-face heap allocations at million-face scale
+using FaceUVArray = std::array<Vec2f, 3>;
+
+static bool linear_subdivision(TriMesh& mesh, std::vector<FaceUVArray>& uv_coords, const std::function<void(int)>& sub_progress = nullptr) {
+    const auto& original_vertices = mesh.vertices;
+    const auto& original_faces = mesh.indices;
+    TriVertices sub_vertices = mesh.vertices;
+    sub_vertices.reserve(original_vertices.size() + original_faces.size() * 3);
+    TriFaces sub_faces;
+    std::vector<FaceUVArray> sub_uv_coords;
+
+    // Single-level flat map with edge key encoding replaces nested unordered_map;
+    // merges two vertex indices into a single uint64_t to reduce hash lookups and indirection.
+    if (original_vertices.size() >= (1ULL << 32)) [[unlikely]] {
+        BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(warning) << "[boundary] " << __FUNCTION__ << " vertex_count=" << original_vertices.size() << " exceeds 32-bit edge_key encoding range, skipping subdivision";
+        return false;
+    }
+    auto edge_key = [](std::size_t a, std::size_t b) -> uint64_t {
+        return a < b ? ((static_cast<uint64_t>(a) << 32) | b) : ((static_cast<uint64_t>(b) << 32) | a);
+    };
+    std::unordered_map<uint64_t, std::size_t> map_edge_to_sub_vtx;
+    map_edge_to_sub_vtx.reserve(original_faces.size() * 3 / 2);
+
+    for (const auto& face : original_faces) {
+        for (std::size_t i = 0; i < 3; ++i) {
+            std::size_t vtx_1 = face[i];
+            std::size_t vtx_2 = face[(i + 1) % 3];
+            uint64_t key = edge_key(vtx_1, vtx_2);
+            if (map_edge_to_sub_vtx.count(key) > 0) {
+                continue;
+            }
+            TriVertex edge_vtx = (original_vertices[vtx_1] + original_vertices[vtx_2]) * 0.5;
+            map_edge_to_sub_vtx[key] = sub_vertices.size();
+            sub_vertices.push_back(edge_vtx);
+        }
+    }
+    if (sub_progress) {
+        sub_progress(50);
+    }
+
+    // Subdivide faces and their UVs: each original face splits into 4 sub-faces (parallel writes, no contention)
+    const std::size_t N = original_faces.size();
+    sub_faces.resize(N * 4);
+    sub_uv_coords.resize(N * 4);
+    std::atomic<bool> has_missing_edge{false};
+
+    tbb::parallel_for(tbb::blocked_range<std::size_t>(0, N), [&](const tbb::blocked_range<size_t>& range) {
+        for (std::size_t fid = range.begin(); fid < range.end(); ++fid) {
+            const std::size_t base = fid * 4;
+            const auto& face = original_faces[fid];
+            std::size_t vtx_0 = face[0];
+            std::size_t vtx_1 = face[1];
+            std::size_t vtx_2 = face[2];
+
+            auto it01 = map_edge_to_sub_vtx.find(edge_key(vtx_0, vtx_1));
+            auto it12 = map_edge_to_sub_vtx.find(edge_key(vtx_1, vtx_2));
+            auto it20 = map_edge_to_sub_vtx.find(edge_key(vtx_2, vtx_0));
+            if (it01 == map_edge_to_sub_vtx.end() || it12 == map_edge_to_sub_vtx.end() || it20 == map_edge_to_sub_vtx.end()) [[unlikely]] {
+                has_missing_edge.store(true, std::memory_order_relaxed);
+                Vec3i32 degen(vtx_0, vtx_0, vtx_0);
+                FaceUVArray degen_uv = {uv_coords[fid][0], uv_coords[fid][0], uv_coords[fid][0]};
+                for (int k = 0; k < 4; ++k) {
+                    sub_faces[base + k] = degen;
+                    sub_uv_coords[base + k] = degen_uv;
+                }
+                continue;
+            }
+            std::size_t e01 = it01->second;
+            std::size_t e12 = it12->second;
+            std::size_t e20 = it20->second;
+
+            const Vec2f& uv0 = uv_coords[fid][0];
+            const Vec2f& uv1 = uv_coords[fid][1];
+            const Vec2f& uv2 = uv_coords[fid][2];
+            Vec2f uv_e01 = (uv0 + uv1) * 0.5f;
+            Vec2f uv_e12 = (uv1 + uv2) * 0.5f;
+            Vec2f uv_e20 = (uv2 + uv0) * 0.5f;
+
+            sub_faces[base + 0] = Vec3i32(vtx_0, e01, e20);
+            sub_uv_coords[base + 0] = {uv0, uv_e01, uv_e20};
+
+            sub_faces[base + 1] = Vec3i32(e01, vtx_1, e12);
+            sub_uv_coords[base + 1] = {uv_e01, uv1, uv_e12};
+
+            sub_faces[base + 2] = Vec3i32(e01, e12, e20);
+            sub_uv_coords[base + 2] = {uv_e01, uv_e12, uv_e20};
+
+            sub_faces[base + 3] = Vec3i32(e20, e12, vtx_2);
+            sub_uv_coords[base + 3] = {uv_e20, uv_e12, uv2};
+        }
+    });
+    // Remove degenerate triangles (three identical vertices) to avoid impacting downstream SDF / Remesh steps
+    if (has_missing_edge.load(std::memory_order_relaxed)) {
+        std::size_t write_idx = 0;
+        for (std::size_t i = 0; i < sub_faces.size(); ++i) {
+            if (sub_faces[i][0] == sub_faces[i][1] && sub_faces[i][1] == sub_faces[i][2]) {
+                continue;
+            }
+            if (write_idx != i) {
+                sub_faces[write_idx] = sub_faces[i];
+                sub_uv_coords[write_idx] = sub_uv_coords[i];
+            }
+            ++write_idx;
+        }
+        BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(warning) << "[warning] linear_subdivision has missing edge vertex, removed " << (sub_faces.size() - write_idx) << " degenerate triangles";
+        sub_faces.resize(write_idx);
+        sub_uv_coords.resize(write_idx);
+    }
+
+    if (sub_progress) {
+        sub_progress(100);
+    }
+    BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(debug) << "TextureToColor: input faces count = " << mesh.indices.size() << ".";
+    mesh = TriMesh(sub_faces, sub_vertices);
+    uv_coords = std::move(sub_uv_coords);
+    BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(debug) << "TextureToColor: output faces count = " << mesh.indices.size() << ".";
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool TextureToColor(const TriMesh& texture_mesh, const std::vector<std::vector<Vec2f>>& texture_mesh_uv_coords, const cv::Mat& texture, TriMesh& color_mesh,
+                    std::vector<std::array<std::size_t, 3>>& face_colors, const TextureToColorSettings& settings, AlgoProgressCallback progress_callback,
+                    AlgoCancelCallback cancel_callback) {
+    auto report = [&](int pct, const char* msg) {
+        if (progress_callback) {
+            progress_callback({pct, msg});
+        }
+    };
+    auto sub_report = [&](int sub_pct, int range_start, int range_end, const char* msg) {
+        int pct = range_start + sub_pct * (range_end - range_start) / 100;
+        report(pct, msg);
+    };
+    auto cancelled = [&]() -> bool {
+        if (cancel_callback && cancel_callback()) {
+            BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(debug) << __FUNCTION__ << " cancelled";
+            return true;
+        }
+        return false;
+    };
+
+    color_mesh.clear();
+    face_colors.clear();
+
+    report(0, "Initializing");
+    if (cancelled()) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    if (texture_mesh.indices.size() == 0) {
+        BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(debug) << "TextureToColor: texture mesh has no faces.";
+        return false;
+    }
+    if (texture.empty()) {
+        BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(debug) << "TextureToColor: texture is empty.";
+        return false;
+    }
+    if (texture.channels() < 3) {
+        BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(debug) << "TextureToColor: texture must have at least 3 channels, got " << texture.channels();
+        return false;
+    }
+    if (texture_mesh_uv_coords.size() != texture_mesh.indices.size()) {
+        BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(debug) << "TextureToColor: uv_coords size is not equal to texture mesh faces size.";
+        return false;
+    }
+    for (std::size_t fid = 0; fid < texture_mesh.indices.size(); ++fid) {
+        if (texture_mesh_uv_coords[fid].size() != 3) {
+            BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(debug) << "TextureToColor: uv_coords of single face size is not equal to 3.";
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+    color_mesh = texture_mesh;
+
+    using Clock = std::chrono::high_resolution_clock;
+    const auto t_total_start = Clock::now();
+    auto t_step = t_total_start;
+    auto lap = [&](const char* step_name) {
+        auto now = Clock::now();
+        double ms = std::chrono::duration<double, std::milli>(now - t_step).count();
+        BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(debug) << "[timing] " << step_name << ": " << ms << "ms"
+                        << " faces=" << color_mesh.facets_count();
+        t_step = now;
+    };
+
+    report(5, "Oversampling");
+    if (cancelled()) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    // Step 1: Oversampling (subdivision while propagating UVs)
+    // Convert external vector<vector<Vec2f>> to internal vector<array<Vec2f,3>> to eliminate inner-level heap allocations
+    std::vector<FaceUVArray> color_mesh_uv_coords(texture_mesh_uv_coords.size());
+    for (std::size_t i = 0; i < texture_mesh_uv_coords.size(); ++i) {
+        color_mesh_uv_coords[i] = {texture_mesh_uv_coords[i][0], texture_mesh_uv_coords[i][1], texture_mesh_uv_coords[i][2]};
+    }
+    {
+        // Estimate total iterations and map each iteration's sub-progress to the [5, 25] range
+        size_t estimated_iters = 0;
+        if (settings.oversampling_iters > 0) {
+            estimated_iters = settings.oversampling_iters;
+        } else {
+            size_t fc = color_mesh.facets_count();
+            while (fc < settings.oversampling_min_face_count) {
+                fc *= 4;
+                ++estimated_iters;
+            }
+            if (estimated_iters == 0) {
+                estimated_iters = 1;
+            }
+        }
+
+        auto make_iter_progress = [&](size_t iter) {
+            return [&, iter, estimated_iters](int pct) {
+                int iter_start = static_cast<int>(iter * 100 / estimated_iters);
+                int iter_end = static_cast<int>((iter + 1) * 100 / estimated_iters);
+                int sub_pct = iter_start + pct * (iter_end - iter_start) / 100;
+                sub_report(sub_pct, 5, 25, "Oversampling");
+            };
+        };
+
+        if (settings.oversampling_iters > 0) {
+            for (size_t i = 0; i < settings.oversampling_iters && color_mesh.facets_count() * 4.0 < settings.oversampling_max_face_count; ++i) {
+                if (cancelled()) return false;
+                linear_subdivision(color_mesh, color_mesh_uv_coords, make_iter_progress(i));
+            }
+        } else {
+            size_t iter = 0;
+            while (color_mesh.facets_count() < settings.oversampling_min_face_count) {
+                if (cancelled()) return false;
+                linear_subdivision(color_mesh, color_mesh_uv_coords, make_iter_progress(iter++));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    lap("Oversampling");
+
+    face_colors.resize(color_mesh.indices.size());
+
+    report(25, "Computing face colors");
+    if (cancelled()) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    // Step 2: Compute each face's color (7-point Gaussian quadrature + bilinear interpolation sampling)
+    {
+        std::atomic<size_t> done_faces{0};
+        std::atomic<bool> cancel_requested{false};
+        const size_t total_faces = color_mesh.indices.size();
+        const size_t report_interval = std::max<size_t>(total_faces / 20, 1);
+        tbb::parallel_for(tbb::blocked_range<std::size_t>(0, total_faces), [&](const tbb::blocked_range<size_t>& range) {
+            for (std::size_t fid = range.begin(); fid < range.end(); ++fid) {
+                if (cancel_requested.load(std::memory_order_relaxed)) return;
+                face_colors[fid] = sample_face_color(color_mesh_uv_coords[fid], texture);
+                size_t cnt = done_faces.fetch_add(1, std::memory_order_relaxed) + 1;
+                if (cnt % report_interval == 0) {
+                    if (cancelled()) { cancel_requested.store(true, std::memory_order_relaxed); return; }
+                    sub_report(static_cast<int>(cnt * 100 / total_faces), 25, 40, "Computing face colors");
+                }
+            }
+        });
+        if (cancel_requested.load() || cancelled()) return false;
+    }
+    lap("Computing face colors");
+#ifdef OUTPUT_TEST_RESULT
+    SaveToOFF("texture_to_color_0_initialize.off", color_mesh, face_colors);
+#endif
+
+    report(40, "Repairing mesh");
+    if (cancelled()) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    // Sub-stage timing helper for the "Repairing mesh" outer lap. Logs each
+    // sub-phase under a [timing][Repairing mesh] prefix so that regressions in
+    // mesh inspection, RepairMesh, AABB resampling, etc. can be attributed
+    // to a specific sub-stage without changing the outer lap structure.
+    auto sub_lap = [&](const char* sub_name, Clock::time_point t0) {
+        double ms = std::chrono::duration<double, std::milli>(Clock::now() - t0).count();
+        BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(debug) << "[timing][Repairing mesh] " << sub_name << ": " << ms << "ms";
+    };
+
+    // Step 3: Repair mesh
+    // Many textured models have non-manifold, non-closed, or other issues that need to be fixed beforehand
+    auto resample_repaired_mesh = [&](TriMesh&& repaired_mesh) -> bool {
+        // AABBTreeIndirect references vertices/faces externally, so snapshot the
+        // pre-repair geometry by moving them out of color_mesh before it gets
+        // overwritten with the repaired mesh below. std::move on std::vector is
+        // O(1) (pointer adoption), no element copy.
+        const auto t_aabb = Clock::now();
+        TriVertices old_vertices = std::move(color_mesh.vertices);
+        TriFaces    old_indices  = std::move(color_mesh.indices);
+        auto before_repair_tree = AABBTreeIndirect::build_aabb_tree_over_indexed_triangle_set(old_vertices, old_indices);
+        sub_lap("resample.aabb_build", t_aabb);
+
+        color_mesh = std::move(repaired_mesh);
+
+        const auto t_is_closed = Clock::now();
+        if (is_closed(color_mesh)) {
+            BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(debug) << "TextureToColor: repaired mesh is closed.";
+        } else {
+            BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(debug) << "TextureToColor: repaired mesh is open.";
+        }
+        sub_lap("resample.is_closed", t_is_closed);
+
+        // New faces after repair inherit old face colors via centroid nearest-neighbor lookup.
+        // Since the mesh barely changes after repair, resampling via centroid nearest-neighbor is sufficient.
+        const auto t_resample = Clock::now();
+        std::vector<RGB> new_face_colors(color_mesh.facets_count());
+        tbb::parallel_for(tbb::blocked_range<std::size_t>(0, color_mesh.facets_count()), [&](const tbb::blocked_range<size_t>& range) {
+            for (std::size_t fid = range.begin(); fid < range.end(); ++fid) {
+                const auto& face = color_mesh.indices[fid];
+                Vec3f center = (color_mesh.vertices[face[0]] + color_mesh.vertices[face[1]] + color_mesh.vertices[face[2]]) / 3.0f;
+                size_t hit_idx = 0;
+                Vec3f  closest;
+                AABBTreeIndirect::squared_distance_to_indexed_triangle_set(
+                    old_vertices, old_indices, before_repair_tree, center, hit_idx, closest);
+                new_face_colors[fid] = face_colors[hit_idx];
+            }
+        });
+        face_colors = std::move(new_face_colors);
+        sub_lap("resample.parallel_nearest", t_resample);
+        return true;
+    };
+
+    auto repair_and_resample_mesh = [&]() -> bool {
+        std::shared_ptr<TriMesh> repaired_mesh;
+        const auto t_repair = Clock::now();
+        bool success = RepairMesh(color_mesh, repaired_mesh);
+        sub_lap("RepairMesh", t_repair);
+        if (success == false) {
+            BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(debug) << "TextureToColor: repair mesh failed.";
+            return false;
+        }
+        if (cancelled()) return false;
+        return resample_repaired_mesh(std::move(*repaired_mesh));
+    };
+
+    {
+        const auto t_stats = Clock::now();
+        TriangleMesh stats_mesh(static_cast<const indexed_triangle_set&>(color_mesh));
+        const auto& stats = stats_mesh.stats();
+        sub_lap("stats_check", t_stats);
+        // Orca's TriangleMeshStats defines manifold() as open_edges == 0 and does not track
+        // non-manifold edges/vertices separately, so BBS's "!manifold() || has_open_edges()"
+        // collapses to this single test and the extra counters drop out of the log.
+        if (!stats.manifold()) {
+            BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(info) << "TextureToColor: mesh has non-manifold geometry or open boundaries, open_edges="
+                                    << stats.open_edges;
+            if (settings.mesh_repair_decision == MeshRepairDecision::Ask) {
+                if (settings.mesh_repair_decision_required)
+                    *settings.mesh_repair_decision_required = true;
+                return false;
+            }
+            if (settings.mesh_repair_decision == MeshRepairDecision::RepairAndImport) {
+                indexed_triangle_set repaired_its;
+                std::string repair_error;
+                const auto t_win3d = Clock::now();
+                bool repaired = settings.mesh_repair_callback && settings.mesh_repair_callback(static_cast<const indexed_triangle_set&>(color_mesh), repaired_its,
+                    [&](const char* message, unsigned percent) {
+                        sub_report(static_cast<int>(percent), 40, 60, message ? message : "Repairing mesh");
+                    },
+                    [&]() { return cancelled(); }, &repair_error);
+                sub_lap("windows_3d_repair", t_win3d);
+                if (repaired) {
+                    if (cancelled()) return false;
+                    BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(info) << "TextureToColor: Windows 3D mesh repair finished.";
+                    if (!resample_repaired_mesh(TriMesh(std::move(repaired_its))))
+                        return false;
+                } else {
+                    BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(warning) << "TextureToColor: Windows 3D mesh repair failed: " << repair_error;
+                }
+            } else {
+                BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(info) << "TextureToColor: importing mesh without Windows 3D repair.";
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    const auto t_halfedge = Clock::now();
+    const bool halfedge_ok = cgalutils::is_mesh_halfedge_compatible(color_mesh);
+    sub_lap("is_mesh_halfedge_compatible", t_halfedge);
+    if (!halfedge_ok && repair_and_resample_mesh() == false) {
+        BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(debug) << "TextureToColor: repair and resample mesh failed.";
+        return false;
+    }
+    lap("Repairing mesh");
+#ifdef OUTPUT_TEST_RESULT
+    SaveToOFF("texture_to_color_1_repair.off", color_mesh, face_colors);
+#endif
+
+    report(65, "Color clustering");
+    if (cancelled()) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    // Step 5: Color clustering
+    std::vector<RGB> cluster_centers;
+    std::vector<RGB> clustered_face_colors = face_colors;
+    std::vector<std::size_t> clustered_face_labels(face_colors.size());
+    const bool adaptive_cluster = settings.target_colors_num == 0;
+
+    // Compute cluster centers
+    if (adaptive_cluster) {
+        BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(debug) << "TextureToColor: use cluster adaptive method.";
+        ClusterParameters para;
+        para.max_color_distance = settings.max_color_distance;
+        para.max_cluster_k = settings.max_cluster_k;
+        para.cancel_callback = cancel_callback ? [&]() { return cancel_callback(); } : std::function<bool()>{};
+        cluster_centers = cluster_adaptive(face_colors, para);
+        if (cancelled()) return false;
+    } else {
+        BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(debug) << "TextureToColor: use cluster k-means method.";
+        ClusterParameters para;
+        para.cluster_k = settings.target_colors_num;
+        para.cancel_callback = cancel_callback ? [&]() { return cancel_callback(); } : std::function<bool()>{};
+        cluster_centers = cluster_k_means(face_colors, para);
+        if (cancelled()) return false;
+    }
+    BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(debug) << "TextureToColor: the k is " << cluster_centers.size() << ".";
+    if (cluster_centers.empty()) {
+        BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(debug) << "TextureToColor: no cluster center generated.";
+        return false;
+    }
+    const std::set<RGB> unique_cluster_centers(cluster_centers.begin(), cluster_centers.end());
+    if (unique_cluster_centers.size() != cluster_centers.size()) {
+        BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(warning) << "TextureToColor: cluster centers contain duplicated RGB values, unique exported colors may be fewer than centers.";
+    }
+
+    report(70, "Assigning cluster labels");
+    if (cancelled()) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    // Assign each face's color to the nearest cluster center
+    constexpr bool use_simple_cluster = true;  // Complex algorithm is still being optimized; use simple assignment for now
+    if (use_simple_cluster) {
+        std::atomic<size_t> done_cluster{0};
+        std::atomic<bool> cancel_requested{false};
+        const size_t total_cluster = color_mesh.indices.size();
+        const size_t cluster_interval = std::max<size_t>(total_cluster / 20, 1);
+        tbb::parallel_for(tbb::blocked_range<std::size_t>(0, total_cluster), [&](const tbb::blocked_range<size_t>& range) {
+            for (std::size_t fid = range.begin(); fid < range.end(); ++fid) {
+                if (cancel_requested.load(std::memory_order_relaxed)) return;
+                auto& face_color = face_colors[fid];
+                auto nearest_color_id = std::numeric_limits<std::size_t>::max();
+                bool success = calc_nearest_color_id(cluster_centers, face_color, nearest_color_id);
+                if (success == false) {
+                    BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(debug) << "TextureToColor: calc nearest color id failed.";
+                    continue;
+                }
+                clustered_face_labels[fid] = nearest_color_id;
+                clustered_face_colors[fid] = cluster_centers[nearest_color_id];
+                size_t cnt = done_cluster.fetch_add(1, std::memory_order_relaxed) + 1;
+                if (cnt % cluster_interval == 0) {
+                    if (cancelled()) { cancel_requested.store(true, std::memory_order_relaxed); return; }
+                    sub_report(static_cast<int>(cnt * 100 / total_cluster), 70, 85, "Assigning cluster labels");
+                }
+            }
+        });
+        if (cancel_requested.load() || cancelled()) return false;
+    } else {
+        bool success = mesh_cluster(color_mesh, cluster_centers, clustered_face_colors, clustered_face_labels);
+        if (success == false) {
+            BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(debug) << "TextureToColor: mesh cluster failed.";
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+    if (adaptive_cluster) {
+        if (!discard_unused_cluster_centers(cluster_centers, clustered_face_labels, "cluster assignment")) {
+            return false;
+        }
+    } else {
+        ensure_all_cluster_centers_used(face_colors, cluster_centers, clustered_face_labels, "cluster assignment");
+    }
+    lap("Color clustering & labeling");
+#ifdef OUTPUT_TEST_RESULT
+    for (std::size_t i = 0; i < clustered_face_colors.size(); ++i) {
+        clustered_face_colors[i] = cluster_centers[clustered_face_labels[i]];
+    }
+    SaveToOFF("texture_to_color_3_cluster.off", color_mesh, clustered_face_colors);
+#endif
+
+    report(85, "Smoothing colors");
+    if (cancelled()) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    // Step 6: Post-process colors
+    SmoothParameters smooth_parameters;
+    smooth_parameters.smooth_weight = settings.smooth_weight;
+    if (!smooth_region(color_mesh, clustered_face_labels, smooth_parameters)) {
+        BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(debug) << "TextureToColor: smooth region failed.";
+        return false;
+    }
+    BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(debug) << "TextureToColor: smooth region success.";
+    if (adaptive_cluster) {
+        if (!discard_unused_cluster_centers(cluster_centers, clustered_face_labels, "color smoothing")) {
+            return false;
+        }
+    } else {
+        ensure_all_cluster_centers_used(face_colors, cluster_centers, clustered_face_labels, "color smoothing");
+    }
+    report(95, "Updating face colors");
+    if (cancelled()) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    for (std::size_t i = 0; i < clustered_face_colors.size(); ++i) {
+        clustered_face_colors[i] = cluster_centers[clustered_face_labels[i]];
+    }
+    const std::set<RGB> unique_exported_colors(clustered_face_colors.begin(), clustered_face_colors.end());
+    if (unique_exported_colors.size() < cluster_centers.size()) {
+        BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(warning) << "TextureToColor: final exported unique colors (" << unique_exported_colors.size()
+                                   << ") are fewer than cluster centers (" << cluster_centers.size()
+                                   << "), likely due to duplicate centers or unsatisfied seed assignment.";
+    }
+#ifdef OUTPUT_TEST_RESULT
+    SaveToOFF("texture_to_color_4_smooth.off", color_mesh, clustered_face_colors);
+#endif
+
+    face_colors = std::move(clustered_face_colors);
+    lap("Smoothing colors");
+    double total_ms = std::chrono::duration<double, std::milli>(Clock::now() - t_total_start).count();
+    BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(debug) << "[timing] TextureToColor total: " << total_ms << "ms"
+                    << " faces=" << color_mesh.facets_count();
+    report(100, "Completed");
+    return true;
+}
+
+}  // namespace tex2color
+}  // namespace Slic3r
diff --git a/src/libslic3r/TextureToColor/TextureToColor.hpp b/src/libslic3r/TextureToColor/TextureToColor.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f18cce5759
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/libslic3r/TextureToColor/TextureToColor.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "Callbacks.hpp"
+#include "TriMesh.hpp"
+#include "opencv2/core.hpp"
+#include <functional>
+#include <string>
+
+namespace Slic3r { namespace tex2color {
+
+enum class MeshRepairDecision {
+    Ask,
+    ImportWithoutRepair,
+    RepairAndImport
+};
+
+using MeshRepairCallback = std::function<bool(const indexed_triangle_set& mesh,
+                                              indexed_triangle_set&       repaired_mesh,
+                                              std::function<void(const char* message, unsigned progress)> progress_callback,
+                                              std::function<bool()> cancel_callback,
+                                              std::string* error_message)>;
+
+struct TextureToColorSettings {
+    std::size_t target_colors_num = 4;  // 目标颜色数量, 为0时, 自适应计算; 否则计算指定数目的颜色聚类
+
+    double smooth_weight = 0.5;  // 光顺权重, 范围[0, 1], 0表示不进行光顺, 1表示完全光顺
+
+    // 当超采样迭代次数大于0时, 进行指定迭代次数的超采样; 否则, 自适应超采样
+    std::size_t oversampling_iters = 0;  // 超采样迭代次数
+    std::size_t oversampling_min_face_count = 10000;  // 自适应采样: 当face_count小于oversampling_min_face_count时, 进行超采样
+    std::size_t oversampling_max_face_count = 1000000;  // 无论输入参数如何, 超采样后的面片数不能超过oversampling_max_face_count
+
+    double max_color_distance = 25.0;  // 自适应聚类允许的最大簇内半径(CIEDE2000 ΔE)
+    std::size_t max_cluster_k = 32;  // 自适应聚类的最大颜色数量上限
+
+    MeshRepairDecision mesh_repair_decision = MeshRepairDecision::ImportWithoutRepair;
+
+    // Set by TextureToColor when Ask is selected and mesh repair needs user confirmation.
+    bool* mesh_repair_decision_required = nullptr;
+
+    MeshRepairCallback mesh_repair_callback;
+};
+
+/**
+ * @brief 将纹理贴图转换为网格面片颜色, 并通过聚类和光顺生成可用于多色打印的着色网格
+ *
+ * 基于纹理网格的UV坐标对纹理图像进行采样, 计算每个面片的颜色,
+ * 然后对颜色进行聚类（K-Means或自适应）和区域光顺, 最终输出带颜色信息的网格
+ *
+ * @param[in]      texture_mesh       带有UV坐标的输入三角网格
+ * @param[in]      uv_coords          每个面片的UV坐标, 大小等于面片数, 每个面片有三个UV坐标
+ * @param[in]      texture            纹理图像
+ * @param[out]     color_mesh         输出的着色网格
+ * @param[out]     face_colors        输出的着色网格的面片颜色, 大小等于面片数, 颜色值为[R, G, B], 范围0~255
+ * @param[in]      settings           算法参数, 包括目标颜色数量、光顺权重等
+ * @param[in]      progress_callback  进度回调函数
+ * @param[in]      cancel_callback    取消回调函数
+ * @return 成功返回true, 输入数据无效(空网格、无UV、空纹理等)返回false
+ */
+bool TextureToColor(const TriMesh& texture_mesh, const std::vector<std::vector<Vec2f>>& uv_coords, const cv::Mat& texture, TriMesh& color_mesh,
+                    std::vector<std::array<std::size_t, 3>>& face_colors, const TextureToColorSettings& settings = TextureToColorSettings(),
+                    AlgoProgressCallback progress_callback = nullptr, AlgoCancelCallback cancel_callback = nullptr);
+
+}  // namespace tex2color
+}  // namespace Slic3r
diff --git a/src/libslic3r/TextureToColor/TriMesh.hpp b/src/libslic3r/TextureToColor/TriMesh.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d557ae1d2e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/libslic3r/TextureToColor/TriMesh.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+#pragma once
+#include <admesh/stl.h>
+#include "Point.hpp"
+
+namespace Slic3r { namespace tex2color {
+
+using TriVertex    = stl_vertex;
+using TriVertices  = std::vector<stl_vertex>;
+using TriFace      = stl_triangle_vertex_indices;
+using TriFaces     = std::vector<stl_triangle_vertex_indices>;
+
+struct TriMesh : ::indexed_triangle_set {
+    TriMesh() = default;
+    TriMesh(const TriMesh&) = default;
+    TriMesh& operator=(const TriMesh&) = default;
+    TriMesh(TriMesh&&) = default;
+    TriMesh& operator=(TriMesh&&) = default;
+    TriMesh(const ::indexed_triangle_set& d) : ::indexed_triangle_set(d) {}
+    TriMesh(::indexed_triangle_set&& d) : ::indexed_triangle_set(std::move(d)) {}
+    TriMesh(std::vector<stl_triangle_vertex_indices> indices_,
+            std::vector<stl_vertex> vertices_)
+        : ::indexed_triangle_set(std::move(indices_), std::move(vertices_)) {}
+
+    std::size_t facets_count() const { return indices.size(); }
+};
+
+} // namespace tex2color
+} // namespace Slic3r
diff --git a/src/libslic3r/TriangleSelector.cpp b/src/libslic3r/TriangleSelector.cpp
index 3b032cc57e..12f314a799 100644
--- a/src/libslic3r/TriangleSelector.cpp
+++ b/src/libslic3r/TriangleSelector.cpp
@@ -1983,6 +1983,20 @@ void TriangleSelector::seed_fill_unselect_all_triangles()
             triangle.unselect_by_seed_fill();
 }
 
+void TriangleSelector::shift_states_above(EnforcerBlockerType threshold, int delta)
+{
+    for (Triangle &triangle : m_triangles) {
+        if (triangle.is_split() || !triangle.valid())
+            continue;
+        EnforcerBlockerType s = triangle.get_state();
+        if (s >= threshold && s != EnforcerBlockerType::NONE) {
+            int new_val = (int)s + delta;
+            if (new_val >= 0)
+                triangle.set_state(EnforcerBlockerType(new_val));
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 void TriangleSelector::seed_fill_apply_on_triangles(EnforcerBlockerType new_state)
 {
     for (Triangle &triangle : m_triangles)
diff --git a/src/libslic3r/TriangleSelector.hpp b/src/libslic3r/TriangleSelector.hpp
index 11517f5c6c..41d189cdd1 100644
--- a/src/libslic3r/TriangleSelector.hpp
+++ b/src/libslic3r/TriangleSelector.hpp
@@ -369,6 +369,9 @@ public:
     // For all triangles, remove the flag indicating that the triangle was selected by seed fill.
     void seed_fill_unselect_all_triangles();
 
+    // Shift all triangle states >= threshold by delta (used when inserting filaments)
+    void shift_states_above(EnforcerBlockerType threshold, int delta);
+
     // For all triangles selected by seed fill, set new EnforcerBlockerType and remove flag indicating that triangle was selected by seed fill.
     // The operation may merge split triangles if they are being assigned the same color.
     void seed_fill_apply_on_triangles(EnforcerBlockerType new_state);
diff --git a/src/slic3r/CMakeLists.txt b/src/slic3r/CMakeLists.txt
index 9174b044ec..b014b44bb2 100644
--- a/src/slic3r/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/src/slic3r/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -353,6 +353,16 @@ set(SLIC3R_GUI_SOURCES
     GUI/Monitor.hpp
     GUI/MonitorPage.cpp
     GUI/MonitorPage.hpp
+    GUI/MixedFilamentDialog.cpp
+    GUI/MixedFilamentDialog.hpp
+    GUI/GradientCurveEditor.cpp
+    GUI/GradientCurveEditor.hpp
+    GUI/ColorDecomposeDialog.cpp
+    GUI/ColorDecomposeDialog.hpp
+    GUI/ColorDecomposeSupport.cpp
+    GUI/ColorDecomposeSupport.hpp
+    GUI/TextureImportDialog.cpp
+    GUI/TextureImportDialog.hpp
     GUI/Mouse3DController.cpp
     GUI/Mouse3DController.hpp
     GUI/MsgDialog.cpp
diff --git a/src/slic3r/GUI/ColorDecomposeDialog.cpp b/src/slic3r/GUI/ColorDecomposeDialog.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3877d71e10
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/slic3r/GUI/ColorDecomposeDialog.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,943 @@
+#include "ColorDecomposeDialog.hpp"
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <cmath>
+#include <functional>
+#include <memory>
+#include <set>
+#include <wx/sizer.h>
+#include <wx/dcclient.h>
+#include <wx/dcbuffer.h>
+#include "wx/graphics.h"
+
+#include "I18N.hpp"
+#include "GUI.hpp"
+#include "GUI_App.hpp"
+#include "format.hpp"
+#include "Widgets/ComboBox.hpp"
+#include "Widgets/DropDown.hpp"
+#include "Widgets/Button.hpp"
+#include "Widgets/CheckBox.hpp"
+#include "Widgets/Label.hpp"
+#include "wxExtensions.hpp"
+#include "ColorDecomposeSupport.hpp"
+#include "libslic3r/ColorDecomposeRecipe.hpp"
+
+namespace Slic3r {
+namespace GUI {
+
+static const wxColour COLOR_BRAND("#00AE42");
+static const wxColour COLOR_BORDER_NORMAL("#EEEEEE");
+static const wxColour COLOR_BG_CARD("#F8F8F8");
+static const wxColour COLOR_LABEL_GREY("#ACACAC");
+static const wxColour COLOR_TEXT_DARK("#262E30");
+static const wxColour COLOR_DIVIDER("#EEEEEE");
+
+// Standard CMYW base colors
+static const wxColour CMYW_CYAN(0, 255, 255);
+static const wxColour CMYW_MAGENTA(255, 0, 255);
+static const wxColour CMYW_YELLOW(255, 255, 0);
+static const wxColour CMYW_WHITE(255, 255, 255);
+
+// Standard RYBW base colors
+static const wxColour RYBW_RED(255, 0, 0);
+static const wxColour RYBW_YELLOW(255, 255, 0);
+static const wxColour RYBW_BLUE(0, 0, 255);
+static const wxColour RYBW_WHITE(255, 255, 255);
+
+static size_t mode_index(DecomposeMode mode)
+{
+    return static_cast<size_t>(mode);
+}
+
+static ColorDecomposeRgb wx_colour_to_recipe_rgb(const wxColour& color)
+{
+    return {
+        static_cast<unsigned char>(color.Red()),
+        static_cast<unsigned char>(color.Green()),
+        static_cast<unsigned char>(color.Blue())
+    };
+}
+
+static wxColour hex_to_wx_colour(const std::string& hex, const wxColour& fallback)
+{
+    wxColour color(hex);
+    return color.IsOk() ? color : fallback;
+}
+
+static bool same_rgb(const wxColour& lhs, const wxColour& rhs)
+{
+    return lhs.Red() == rhs.Red() && lhs.Green() == rhs.Green() && lhs.Blue() == rhs.Blue();
+}
+
+static DecomposeBaseColor standard_base_color_from_key(const std::string& key)
+{
+    if (key == "Cyan")    return DecomposeBaseColor::Cyan;
+    if (key == "Magenta") return DecomposeBaseColor::Magenta;
+    if (key == "Yellow")  return DecomposeBaseColor::Yellow;
+    if (key == "White")   return DecomposeBaseColor::White;
+    if (key == "Red")     return DecomposeBaseColor::Red;
+    if (key == "Green")   return DecomposeBaseColor::Green;
+    if (key == "Blue")    return DecomposeBaseColor::Blue;
+    return DecomposeBaseColor::None;
+}
+
+static wxColour pure_color_for_base(DecomposeBaseColor base)
+{
+    switch (base) {
+    case DecomposeBaseColor::Cyan:    return CMYW_CYAN;
+    case DecomposeBaseColor::Magenta: return CMYW_MAGENTA;
+    case DecomposeBaseColor::Yellow:  return CMYW_YELLOW;
+    case DecomposeBaseColor::White:   return CMYW_WHITE;
+    case DecomposeBaseColor::Red:     return RYBW_RED;
+    case DecomposeBaseColor::Blue:    return RYBW_BLUE;
+    default:                          return *wxBLACK;
+    }
+}
+
+static DecomposeBaseColor standard_base_color_for(DecomposeMode mode, const wxColour& color)
+{
+    if (mode == DecomposeMode::CMYW) {
+        if (same_rgb(color, CMYW_CYAN))    return DecomposeBaseColor::Cyan;
+        if (same_rgb(color, CMYW_MAGENTA)) return DecomposeBaseColor::Magenta;
+        if (same_rgb(color, CMYW_YELLOW))  return DecomposeBaseColor::Yellow;
+        if (same_rgb(color, CMYW_WHITE))   return DecomposeBaseColor::White;
+    } else if (mode == DecomposeMode::RYBW) {
+        if (same_rgb(color, RYBW_RED))     return DecomposeBaseColor::Red;
+        if (same_rgb(color, RYBW_YELLOW))  return DecomposeBaseColor::Yellow;
+        if (same_rgb(color, RYBW_BLUE))    return DecomposeBaseColor::Blue;
+        if (same_rgb(color, RYBW_WHITE))   return DecomposeBaseColor::White;
+    }
+    return DecomposeBaseColor::None;
+}
+
+static ColorDecomposeResult to_dialog_result(const ColorDecomposeRecipeResult& recipe,
+                                             const wxColour& fallback)
+{
+    ColorDecomposeResult result;
+    result.mode = recipe.mode;
+    result.matched_color = hex_to_wx_colour(recipe.matched_color_hex, fallback);
+    for (const auto& comp_recipe : recipe.components) {
+        DecomposeComponent comp;
+        comp.colour = hex_to_wx_colour(comp_recipe.color_hex, fallback);
+        comp.ratio = comp_recipe.ratio;
+        comp.filament_index = static_cast<int>(comp_recipe.filament_index);
+        comp.base_color = standard_base_color_from_key(comp_recipe.base_color);
+        if (comp.base_color == DecomposeBaseColor::None)
+            comp.base_color = standard_base_color_for(recipe.mode, comp.colour);
+        result.components.push_back(comp);
+    }
+    return result;
+}
+
+static wxPanel* create_h_divider(wxWindow* parent, int fixed_width = -1)
+{
+    const int h = parent->FromDIP(1);
+    int w = fixed_width > 0 ? fixed_width : -1;
+    auto* panel = new wxPanel(parent, wxID_ANY, wxDefaultPosition, wxSize(w, h));
+    panel->SetMinSize(wxSize(w, h));
+    if (fixed_width > 0)
+        panel->SetMaxSize(wxSize(fixed_width, h));
+    panel->SetBackgroundColour(StateColor::darkModeColorFor(COLOR_DIVIDER));
+    return panel;
+}
+
+static wxStaticText* create_mode_group_label(wxWindow* parent, const wxString& text)
+{
+    auto* label = new wxStaticText(parent, wxID_ANY, text);
+    label->SetFont(Label::Body_11);
+    label->SetForegroundColour(StateColor::darkModeColorFor(COLOR_LABEL_GREY));
+    return label;
+}
+
+static void match_parent_bg(wxWindow* w, const wxColour& bg)
+{
+    w->SetBackgroundColour(bg);
+}
+
+static bool material_type_matches(const std::string& a, const std::string& b)
+{
+    if (a.empty() || b.empty())
+        return false;
+    return a == b || a == b + " Basic" || b == a + " Basic";
+}
+
+
+ColorDecomposeDialog::ColorDecomposeDialog(wxWindow* parent,
+                                           int filament_idx,
+                                           const wxColour& target_color,
+                                           const std::vector<std::string>& physical_colors,
+                                           const std::vector<std::string>& filament_names,
+                                           const std::vector<std::string>& filament_types,
+                                           size_t current_filament_count,
+                                           size_t max_filament_count,
+                                           std::vector<size_t> physical_config_indices)
+    : DPIDialog(parent, wxID_ANY, _L("Decompose Color"), wxDefaultPosition,
+                wxDefaultSize, wxCAPTION | wxCLOSE_BOX)
+    , m_filament_idx(filament_idx)
+    , m_target_color(target_color)
+    , m_physical_colors(physical_colors)
+    , m_filament_names(filament_names)
+    , m_filament_types(filament_types)
+    , m_current_filament_count(current_filament_count)
+    , m_max_filament_count(max_filament_count)
+    , m_physical_config_indices(std::move(physical_config_indices))
+{
+    for (const auto& t : m_filament_types) {
+        if (std::find(m_project_types.begin(), m_project_types.end(), t) == m_project_types.end())
+            m_project_types.push_back(t);
+    }
+
+    if (m_filament_idx >= 0 && static_cast<size_t>(m_filament_idx) < m_filament_types.size())
+        m_preferred_type = m_filament_types[m_filament_idx];
+    else if (!m_project_types.empty())
+        m_preferred_type = m_project_types.front();
+
+    build_ui();
+    wxGetApp().UpdateDlgDarkUI(this);
+    // Restore target swatch after dark mode color remapping
+    if (m_target_swatch)
+        m_target_swatch->SetBackgroundColour(m_target_color);
+
+    update_card_visibility();
+    Fit();
+    compute_decomposition();
+    update_matched_color_display();
+    update_ok_button_state();
+}
+
+void ColorDecomposeDialog::on_dpi_changed(const wxRect& suggested_rect)
+{
+    (void)suggested_rect;
+    Fit();
+    Refresh();
+}
+
+void ColorDecomposeDialog::build_ui()
+{
+    SetBackgroundColour(StateColor::darkModeColorFor(*wxWHITE));
+
+    auto* main_sizer = new wxBoxSizer(wxVERTICAL);
+
+    const int selector_side_margin = FromDIP(26);
+    const int selector_top_gap = FromDIP(22);
+    const int content_side_margin = FromDIP(30);
+    const int target_section_top_gap = FromDIP(18);
+
+    main_sizer->AddSpacer(selector_top_gap);
+    main_sizer->Add(create_filament_selector(), 0, wxEXPAND | wxLEFT | wxRIGHT, selector_side_margin);
+    main_sizer->AddSpacer(target_section_top_gap);
+    main_sizer->Add(create_target_color_section(), 0, wxEXPAND | wxLEFT | wxRIGHT, content_side_margin);
+    main_sizer->AddSpacer(FromDIP(16));
+    main_sizer->Add(create_h_divider(this), 0, wxEXPAND | wxLEFT | wxRIGHT, content_side_margin);
+    main_sizer->AddSpacer(FromDIP(16));
+    main_sizer->Add(create_mode_selection_section(), 0, wxEXPAND | wxLEFT | wxRIGHT, content_side_margin);
+    main_sizer->AddSpacer(FromDIP(16));
+    main_sizer->Add(create_button_panel(), 0, wxEXPAND | wxLEFT | wxRIGHT | wxBOTTOM, content_side_margin);
+
+    SetSizer(main_sizer);
+    SetMinSize(wxSize(FromDIP(477), FromDIP(380)));
+    Fit();
+    CenterOnParent();
+}
+
+wxBoxSizer* ColorDecomposeDialog::create_filament_selector()
+{
+    auto* sizer = new wxBoxSizer(wxHORIZONTAL);
+
+    m_type_combo = new ComboBox(this, wxID_ANY, wxEmptyString, wxDefaultPosition,
+                                wxSize(-1, FromDIP(36)), 0, nullptr, wxCB_READONLY);
+    m_type_combo->SetFont(Label::Body_13);
+
+    m_combo_item_types.clear();
+    int default_sel = -1;
+
+    // --- Group 1: Project filament list (deduplicated by type) ---
+    m_type_combo->Append(_L("Project Filament List"), wxNullBitmap, DD_ITEM_STYLE_SPLIT_ITEM | DD_ITEM_STYLE_DISABLED);
+    m_combo_item_types.push_back(std::string());
+
+    std::set<std::string> seen_types;
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < m_filament_names.size(); ++i) {
+        const std::string& type = (i < m_filament_types.size()) ? m_filament_types[i] : "PLA";
+        if (!seen_types.insert(type).second)
+            continue;
+        int idx = m_type_combo->Append(wxString::FromUTF8(m_filament_names[i]));
+        m_combo_item_types.push_back(type);
+        if (type == m_preferred_type && default_sel < 0)
+            default_sel = idx;
+    }
+
+    // --- Group 2: Standard mode material recommendations ---
+    static const char* kStandardTypes[] = {
+        kDecomposePlaBasicType
+    };
+
+    m_type_combo->Append(_L("Standard Mode Recommendations"), wxNullBitmap, DD_ITEM_STYLE_SPLIT_ITEM | DD_ITEM_STYLE_DISABLED);
+    m_combo_item_types.push_back(std::string());
+
+    for (size_t s = 0; s < sizeof(kStandardTypes) / sizeof(kStandardTypes[0]); ++s) {
+        // Always show standard recommendations, even if the same type already
+        // appears in the project filament list above.
+        const std::string label = std::string(kDecomposeBambuPresetPrefix) + kStandardTypes[s];
+        int idx = m_type_combo->Append(wxString::FromUTF8(label));
+        m_combo_item_types.push_back(kStandardTypes[s]);
+        if (kStandardTypes[s] == m_preferred_type && default_sel < 0)
+            default_sel = idx;
+    }
+
+    if (default_sel < 0) {
+        for (int i = 0; i < static_cast<int>(m_combo_item_types.size()); ++i) {
+            if (!m_combo_item_types[i].empty()) {
+                default_sel = i;
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (default_sel >= 0) {
+        m_type_combo->SetSelection(default_sel);
+        if (!m_combo_item_types[default_sel].empty())
+            m_preferred_type = m_combo_item_types[default_sel];
+    }
+
+    m_type_combo->Bind(wxEVT_COMBOBOX, [this](wxCommandEvent& evt) {
+        evt.StopPropagation();
+        int sel = m_type_combo->GetSelection();
+        if (sel >= 0 && static_cast<size_t>(sel) < m_combo_item_types.size()
+            && !m_combo_item_types[sel].empty()) {
+            m_preferred_type = m_combo_item_types[sel];
+        }
+        update_card_visibility();
+        compute_decomposition();
+        update_matched_color_display();
+        update_ok_button_state();
+    });
+
+    sizer->Add(m_type_combo, 1, wxEXPAND);
+    return sizer;
+}
+
+static wxPanel* create_color_swatch(wxWindow* parent, const wxColour& color, int size)
+{
+    auto* panel = new wxPanel(parent, wxID_ANY, wxDefaultPosition, wxSize(size, size));
+    panel->SetBackgroundColour(color);
+    panel->SetMinSize(wxSize(size, size));
+    return panel;
+}
+
+wxBoxSizer* ColorDecomposeDialog::create_target_color_section()
+{
+    auto* sizer = new wxBoxSizer(wxHORIZONTAL);
+
+    auto* label = new wxStaticText(this, wxID_ANY, _L("Target Color"));
+    label->SetFont(Label::Head_14);
+    label->SetForegroundColour(StateColor::darkModeColorFor(COLOR_TEXT_DARK));
+    sizer->Add(label, 0, wxALIGN_CENTER_VERTICAL | wxRIGHT, FromDIP(19));
+
+    m_target_swatch = create_color_swatch(this, m_target_color, FromDIP(28));
+    sizer->Add(m_target_swatch, 0, wxALIGN_CENTER_VERTICAL | wxRIGHT, FromDIP(12));
+
+    m_target_rgb_text = new wxStaticText(this, wxID_ANY,
+        wxString::Format("RGB: %d, %d, %d", m_target_color.Red(), m_target_color.Green(), m_target_color.Blue()));
+    m_target_rgb_text->SetFont(Label::Body_13);
+    m_target_rgb_text->SetForegroundColour(StateColor::darkModeColorFor(COLOR_TEXT_DARK));
+    sizer->Add(m_target_rgb_text, 0, wxALIGN_CENTER_VERTICAL | wxRIGHT, FromDIP(12));
+
+    auto* arrow_text = new wxStaticText(this, wxID_ANY, wxString::FromUTF8("\xe2\x86\x92"));
+    arrow_text->SetForegroundColour(StateColor::darkModeColorFor(COLOR_TEXT_DARK));
+    sizer->Add(arrow_text, 0, wxALIGN_CENTER_VERTICAL | wxRIGHT, FromDIP(12));
+
+    m_matched_swatch = create_color_swatch(this, m_target_color, FromDIP(28));
+    sizer->Add(m_matched_swatch, 0, wxALIGN_CENTER_VERTICAL | wxRIGHT, FromDIP(12));
+
+    m_matched_rgb_text = new wxStaticText(this, wxID_ANY,
+        wxString::Format("RGB: %d, %d, %d", m_target_color.Red(), m_target_color.Green(), m_target_color.Blue()));
+    m_matched_rgb_text->SetFont(Label::Head_13);
+    m_matched_rgb_text->SetForegroundColour(StateColor::darkModeColorFor(COLOR_TEXT_DARK));
+    sizer->Add(m_matched_rgb_text, 0, wxALIGN_CENTER_VERTICAL);
+
+    return sizer;
+}
+
+wxPanel* ColorDecomposeDialog::create_mode_card(wxWindow* parent, DecomposeMode mode,
+                                                 const wxString& title)
+{
+    const int pad       = FromDIP(12);
+
+    auto* card = new wxPanel(parent, wxID_ANY, wxDefaultPosition, wxDefaultSize, wxBORDER_NONE);
+    card->SetBackgroundStyle(wxBG_STYLE_PAINT);
+
+    auto* card_sizer = new wxBoxSizer(wxVERTICAL);
+
+    auto* title_sizer = new wxBoxSizer(wxHORIZONTAL);
+    auto* title_label = new wxStaticText(card, wxID_ANY, title);
+    title_label->SetFont(Label::Body_14);
+    title_label->SetForegroundColour(StateColor::darkModeColorFor(wxColour("#909090")));
+    match_parent_bg(title_label, StateColor::darkModeColorFor(COLOR_BG_CARD));
+    title_sizer->Add(title_label, 1, wxALIGN_CENTER_VERTICAL);
+
+    auto* chk = new ::CheckBox(card);
+    chk->SetValue(mode == m_selected_mode);
+    match_parent_bg(chk, StateColor::darkModeColorFor(COLOR_BG_CARD));
+    switch (mode) {
+    case DecomposeMode::MaterialList: m_chk_material_list = chk; break;
+    case DecomposeMode::CMYW:         m_chk_cmyw = chk; break;
+    case DecomposeMode::RYBW:         m_chk_rybw = chk; break;
+    }
+    chk->Bind(wxEVT_TOGGLEBUTTON, [this, mode](wxCommandEvent& e) {
+        select_mode(mode);
+        e.Skip();  // let CheckBox::update() re-sync its bitmap to GetValue()
+    });
+    title_sizer->Add(chk, 0, wxALIGN_CENTER_VERTICAL);
+
+    card_sizer->Add(title_sizer, 0, wxEXPAND | wxLEFT | wxRIGHT | wxTOP, pad);
+
+    card_sizer->Add(create_h_divider(card), 0, wxEXPAND | wxLEFT | wxRIGHT | wxTOP, FromDIP(8));
+
+    auto* colors_sizer = new wxBoxSizer(wxHORIZONTAL);
+    card_sizer->Add(colors_sizer, 0, wxEXPAND | wxLEFT | wxRIGHT | wxTOP | wxBOTTOM, pad);
+
+    auto& controls = m_mode_cards[mode_index(mode)];
+    controls.card = card;
+    controls.components_sizer = colors_sizer;
+
+    card->SetSizer(card_sizer);
+    card->SetMinSize(wxSize(FromDIP(128), FromDIP(111)));
+    card->SetMaxSize(wxSize(FromDIP(128), FromDIP(111)));
+
+    card->Bind(wxEVT_PAINT, [this, card, mode](wxPaintEvent&) {
+        wxBufferedPaintDC dc(card);
+        wxSize sz = card->GetClientSize();
+        dc.SetBackground(wxBrush(StateColor::darkModeColorFor(*wxWHITE)));
+        dc.Clear();
+
+        bool selected = (m_selected_mode == mode);
+        wxColour border_col = selected
+            ? StateColor::darkModeColorFor(COLOR_BRAND)
+            : StateColor::darkModeColorFor(COLOR_BORDER_NORMAL);
+        const int border_width = FromDIP(selected ? 2 : 1);
+        const double inset = border_width / 2.0;
+        std::unique_ptr<wxGraphicsContext> gc(wxGraphicsContext::Create(dc));
+        if (gc) {
+            gc->SetPen(wxPen(border_col, border_width));
+            gc->SetBrush(wxBrush(StateColor::darkModeColorFor(COLOR_BG_CARD)));
+            gc->DrawRoundedRectangle(inset, inset, sz.x - 2 * inset, sz.y - 2 * inset, FromDIP(8));
+        } else {
+            const int fallback_inset = (border_width + 1) / 2;
+            dc.SetPen(wxPen(border_col, border_width));
+            dc.SetBrush(wxBrush(StateColor::darkModeColorFor(COLOR_BG_CARD)));
+            dc.DrawRoundedRectangle(fallback_inset, fallback_inset, sz.x - 2 * fallback_inset, sz.y - 2 * fallback_inset, FromDIP(8));
+        }
+    });
+
+    std::function<void(wxWindow*)> bind_click;
+    bind_click = [this, mode, chk, &bind_click](wxWindow* w) {
+        if (w == chk || dynamic_cast<::CheckBox*>(w))
+            return;
+        w->Bind(wxEVT_LEFT_UP, [this, mode](wxMouseEvent&) {
+            select_mode(mode);
+        });
+        w->SetCursor(wxCursor(wxCURSOR_HAND));
+        for (auto* child : w->GetChildren())
+            bind_click(child);
+    };
+    bind_click(card);
+
+    return card;
+}
+
+wxBoxSizer* ColorDecomposeDialog::create_mode_selection_section()
+{
+    auto* sizer = new wxBoxSizer(wxVERTICAL);
+
+    auto* section_label = new wxStaticText(this, wxID_ANY, _L("Select Color Decomposition"));
+    section_label->SetFont(Label::Head_14);
+    section_label->SetForegroundColour(StateColor::darkModeColorFor(COLOR_TEXT_DARK));
+    sizer->Add(section_label, 0, wxBOTTOM, FromDIP(4));
+
+    auto* modes_sizer = new wxBoxSizer(wxHORIZONTAL);
+
+    // --- Arbitrary mode column (wrapped in a panel so the whole column hides together) ---
+    m_arb_column_panel = new wxPanel(this, wxID_ANY);
+    m_arb_column_panel->SetBackgroundColour(StateColor::darkModeColorFor(*wxWHITE));
+    auto* arb_col = new wxBoxSizer(wxVERTICAL);
+    {
+        auto* arb_header_sizer = new wxBoxSizer(wxHORIZONTAL);
+        arb_header_sizer->Add(create_mode_group_label(m_arb_column_panel, _L("Arbitrary Mode")),
+                              0, wxALIGN_CENTER_VERTICAL | wxRIGHT, FromDIP(5));
+        arb_header_sizer->Add(create_h_divider(m_arb_column_panel, FromDIP(88)), 0, wxALIGN_CENTER_VERTICAL);
+        arb_col->Add(arb_header_sizer, 0, wxEXPAND | wxBOTTOM, FromDIP(8));
+
+        m_card_material_list = create_mode_card(m_arb_column_panel, DecomposeMode::MaterialList,
+            _L("Material List"));
+        arb_col->Add(m_card_material_list, 0, wxEXPAND);
+    }
+    m_arb_column_panel->SetSizer(arb_col);
+    modes_sizer->Add(m_arb_column_panel, 0, wxEXPAND | wxRIGHT, FromDIP(16));
+
+    // --- Standard mode column ---
+    auto* std_col = new wxBoxSizer(wxVERTICAL);
+    {
+        auto* std_header_sizer = new wxBoxSizer(wxHORIZONTAL);
+        std_header_sizer->Add(create_mode_group_label(this, _L("Standard Mode")),
+                              0, wxALIGN_CENTER_VERTICAL | wxRIGHT, FromDIP(5));
+        std_header_sizer->Add(create_h_divider(this), 1, wxALIGN_CENTER_VERTICAL);
+        std_col->Add(std_header_sizer, 0, wxEXPAND | wxBOTTOM, FromDIP(8));
+
+        auto* cards_sizer = new wxBoxSizer(wxHORIZONTAL);
+
+        m_card_cmyw = create_mode_card(this, DecomposeMode::CMYW, "CMYW");
+        cards_sizer->Add(m_card_cmyw, 0, wxRIGHT, FromDIP(12));
+
+        m_card_rybw = create_mode_card(this, DecomposeMode::RYBW, "RYBW");
+        cards_sizer->Add(m_card_rybw, 0);
+
+        std_col->Add(cards_sizer, 0, wxEXPAND);
+    }
+    modes_sizer->Add(std_col, 0, wxEXPAND);
+
+    sizer->Add(modes_sizer, 0, wxEXPAND);
+
+    m_no_card_hint = new wxStaticText(this, wxID_ANY,
+        _L("At least two filaments of the same material type are required for decomposition"));
+    m_no_card_hint->SetFont(Label::Body_13);
+    m_no_card_hint->SetForegroundColour(StateColor::darkModeColorFor(wxColour("#909090")));
+    m_no_card_hint->Wrap(FromDIP(400));
+    m_no_card_hint->Hide();
+    sizer->Add(m_no_card_hint, 0, wxTOP, FromDIP(8));
+
+    m_limit_warning_panel = new wxPanel(this, wxID_ANY);
+    m_limit_warning_panel->SetBackgroundColour(StateColor::darkModeColorFor(*wxWHITE));
+    auto* warning_sizer = new wxBoxSizer(wxHORIZONTAL);
+    auto* warn_bmp = new wxStaticBitmap(m_limit_warning_panel, wxID_ANY,
+        create_scaled_bitmap("obj_warning", m_limit_warning_panel, 16),
+        wxDefaultPosition, wxSize(FromDIP(16), FromDIP(16)));
+    m_limit_warning_text = new wxStaticText(m_limit_warning_panel, wxID_ANY, wxEmptyString);
+    m_limit_warning_text->SetFont(Label::Body_13);
+    m_limit_warning_text->SetForegroundColour(StateColor::darkModeColorFor(wxColour("#D32F2F")));
+    m_limit_warning_text->Wrap(FromDIP(400));
+    warning_sizer->Add(warn_bmp, 0, wxALIGN_TOP | wxRIGHT, FromDIP(6));
+    warning_sizer->Add(m_limit_warning_text, 1, wxEXPAND);
+    m_limit_warning_panel->SetSizer(warning_sizer);
+    m_limit_warning_panel->Hide();
+    sizer->Add(m_limit_warning_panel, 0, wxEXPAND | wxTOP, FromDIP(8));
+
+    return sizer;
+}
+
+wxBoxSizer* ColorDecomposeDialog::create_button_panel()
+{
+    auto* sizer = new wxBoxSizer(wxHORIZONTAL);
+    sizer->AddStretchSpacer();
+
+    m_btn_cancel = new Button(this, _L("Cancel"));
+    m_btn_cancel->SetBackgroundColor(StateColor::darkModeColorFor(*wxWHITE));
+    m_btn_cancel->SetBorderColor(StateColor::darkModeColorFor(wxColour("#CECECE")));
+    m_btn_cancel->SetTextColor(StateColor::darkModeColorFor(wxColour("#262E30")));
+    m_btn_cancel->SetMinSize(wxSize(FromDIP(55), FromDIP(24)));
+    m_btn_cancel->Bind(wxEVT_BUTTON, [this](wxCommandEvent&) { EndModal(wxID_CANCEL); });
+
+    m_btn_ok = new Button(this, _L("OK"));
+    m_btn_ok->SetBackgroundColor(StateColor(
+        std::make_pair(wxColour("#C2C2C2"), (int) StateColor::Disabled),
+        std::make_pair(wxColour("#00AE42"), (int) StateColor::Normal)));
+    m_btn_ok->SetBorderColor(StateColor(
+        std::make_pair(wxColour("#C2C2C2"), (int) StateColor::Disabled),
+        std::make_pair(wxColour("#00AE42"), (int) StateColor::Normal)));
+    m_btn_ok->SetTextColor(StateColor(
+        std::make_pair(*wxWHITE, (int) StateColor::Disabled),
+        std::make_pair(*wxWHITE, (int) StateColor::Normal)));
+    m_btn_ok->SetMinSize(wxSize(FromDIP(55), FromDIP(24)));
+    m_btn_ok->Bind(wxEVT_BUTTON, [this](wxCommandEvent&) {
+        EndModal(wxID_OK);
+    });
+
+    sizer->Add(m_btn_cancel, 0, wxRIGHT, FromDIP(12));
+    sizer->Add(m_btn_ok, 0);
+
+    return sizer;
+}
+
+void ColorDecomposeDialog::select_mode(DecomposeMode mode)
+{
+    m_selected_mode = mode;
+    m_result = m_mode_results[mode_index(mode)];
+    update_card_styles();
+    update_matched_color_display();
+    update_ok_button_state();
+}
+
+void ColorDecomposeDialog::update_card_styles()
+{
+    if (m_card_material_list) m_card_material_list->Refresh();
+    if (m_card_cmyw)          m_card_cmyw->Refresh();
+    if (m_card_rybw)          m_card_rybw->Refresh();
+
+    if (m_chk_material_list)
+        m_chk_material_list->SetValue(m_selected_mode == DecomposeMode::MaterialList);
+    if (m_chk_cmyw)
+        m_chk_cmyw->SetValue(m_selected_mode == DecomposeMode::CMYW);
+    if (m_chk_rybw)
+        m_chk_rybw->SetValue(m_selected_mode == DecomposeMode::RYBW);
+}
+
+void ColorDecomposeDialog::update_card_visibility()
+{
+    // Count physical filaments of the same type (excluding the source filament)
+    int same_type_count = 0;
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < m_filament_types.size(); ++i) {
+        if (static_cast<int>(i) == m_filament_idx)
+            continue;
+        if (material_type_matches(m_filament_types[i], m_preferred_type))
+            ++same_type_count;
+    }
+
+    bool show_arb  = (same_type_count >= 2);
+    bool show_cmyw = (m_preferred_type == kDecomposePlaBasicType);
+    bool show_rybw = (m_preferred_type == kDecomposePlaBasicType);
+
+    if (m_arb_column_panel)   m_arb_column_panel->Show(show_arb);
+    if (m_card_material_list) m_card_material_list->Show(show_arb);
+    if (m_card_cmyw)          m_card_cmyw->Show(show_cmyw);
+    if (m_card_rybw)          m_card_rybw->Show(show_rybw);
+
+    bool any_visible = show_arb || show_cmyw || show_rybw;
+    if (m_no_card_hint)
+        m_no_card_hint->Show(!any_visible);
+
+    // Auto-select a visible mode when current selection becomes hidden
+    if (any_visible) {
+        bool cur_visible = false;
+        if (m_selected_mode == DecomposeMode::MaterialList && show_arb)  cur_visible = true;
+        if (m_selected_mode == DecomposeMode::CMYW && show_cmyw)         cur_visible = true;
+        if (m_selected_mode == DecomposeMode::RYBW && show_rybw)         cur_visible = true;
+        if (!cur_visible) {
+            if (show_arb)       select_mode(DecomposeMode::MaterialList);
+            else if (show_cmyw) select_mode(DecomposeMode::CMYW);
+            else                select_mode(DecomposeMode::RYBW);
+        }
+    }
+
+    Layout();
+    update_ok_button_state();
+}
+
+void ColorDecomposeDialog::update_filament_limit_warning()
+{
+    if (!m_limit_warning_panel || !m_limit_warning_text)
+        return;
+
+    size_t missing_new = 0;
+    if (m_missing_calculator) {
+        missing_new = m_missing_calculator(m_result);
+    } else {
+        const size_t source_physical_idx = m_filament_idx >= 0 ? static_cast<size_t>(m_filament_idx) : size_t(-1);
+        const std::vector<size_t>* indices =
+            m_physical_config_indices.empty() ? nullptr : &m_physical_config_indices;
+        missing_new = count_decompose_new_physical_filaments(
+            m_result, m_physical_colors, m_filament_types, source_physical_idx, indices);
+    }
+    // A result with fewer than 2 components (e.g. target color is already a
+    // standard base color shown as "100%") creates no mixed filament and no new
+    // physical filament, so it can never exceed the limit.
+    const bool creates_mixed = m_result.components.size() >= 2;
+    // +1 for the mixed filament slot that will be created after decomposition.
+    const size_t needed = m_current_filament_count + missing_new + 1;
+    const bool blocked = creates_mixed && needed > m_max_filament_count;
+
+    const bool was_shown = m_limit_warning_panel->IsShown();
+
+    if (!blocked) {
+        if (was_shown) {
+            m_limit_warning_panel->Hide();
+            Layout();
+            Fit();
+            CenterOnParent();
+        }
+        return;
+    }
+
+    wxString mode_name;
+    switch (m_selected_mode) {
+    case DecomposeMode::CMYW:         mode_name = "CMYW"; break;
+    case DecomposeMode::RYBW:         mode_name = "RYBW"; break;
+    case DecomposeMode::MaterialList: mode_name = _L("Material List"); break;
+    }
+
+    const wxString warning_text = format_wxstr(
+        _L("The material list supports at most %1% colors. After %2% decomposition, the material count would exceed %1%. Please delete unused filaments on the main screen before decomposing."),
+        m_max_filament_count, mode_name);
+
+    // Show first so the panel is laid out and the text control gets its real
+    // width, then wrap to that width so the paragraph fills the content area.
+    m_limit_warning_panel->Show();
+    Layout();
+    const int avail = m_limit_warning_text->GetClientSize().x;
+    m_limit_warning_text->SetLabel(warning_text);
+    if (avail > FromDIP(50))
+        m_limit_warning_text->Wrap(avail);
+
+    Layout();
+    // Only resize/recenter when the warning panel actually toggled from hidden
+    // to shown. While already visible, switching modes must not re-Fit/recenter
+    // the dialog, which would make it jump on every card switch.
+    if (!was_shown) {
+        Fit();
+        CenterOnParent();
+    }
+}
+
+void ColorDecomposeDialog::set_missing_physical_calculator(std::function<size_t(const ColorDecomposeResult&)> fn)
+{
+    m_missing_calculator = std::move(fn);
+    update_ok_button_state();
+}
+
+void ColorDecomposeDialog::update_ok_button_state()
+{
+    if (!m_btn_ok) return;
+    update_filament_limit_warning();
+    bool any_card_visible = (m_card_material_list && m_card_material_list->IsShown())
+                         || (m_card_cmyw && m_card_cmyw->IsShown())
+                         || (m_card_rybw && m_card_rybw->IsShown());
+    const bool blocked = m_limit_warning_panel && m_limit_warning_panel->IsShown();
+    m_btn_ok->Enable(any_card_visible && !blocked);
+    Layout();
+}
+
+void ColorDecomposeDialog::update_mode_card_content(DecomposeMode mode)
+{
+    auto& controls = m_mode_cards[mode_index(mode)];
+    auto* sizer = controls.components_sizer;
+    auto* card = controls.card;
+    if (!sizer || !card)
+        return;
+
+    sizer->Clear(true);
+    const auto& components = m_mode_results[mode_index(mode)].components;
+    const size_t count = components.size();
+    if (count == 0) {
+        card->Layout();
+        card->Refresh();
+        return;
+    }
+
+    const int swatch_sz = FromDIP(24);
+    const int plus_gap  = FromDIP(24);
+    const wxFont& ratio_font = Label::Body_13;
+    auto bind_select = [this, mode](wxWindow* w) {
+        w->Bind(wxEVT_LEFT_UP, [this, mode](wxMouseEvent&) {
+            select_mode(mode);
+        });
+        w->SetCursor(wxCursor(wxCURSOR_HAND));
+    };
+
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
+        auto* col = new wxBoxSizer(wxVERTICAL);
+        auto* swatch = create_color_swatch(card, components[i].colour, swatch_sz);
+        bind_select(swatch);
+        col->Add(swatch, 0, wxALIGN_CENTER_HORIZONTAL);
+        auto* ratio_text = new wxStaticText(card, wxID_ANY, wxString::Format("%d%%", components[i].ratio));
+        ratio_text->SetFont(ratio_font);
+        ratio_text->SetForegroundColour(StateColor::darkModeColorFor(COLOR_TEXT_DARK));
+        match_parent_bg(ratio_text, StateColor::darkModeColorFor(COLOR_BG_CARD));
+        bind_select(ratio_text);
+        col->Add(ratio_text, 0, wxALIGN_CENTER_HORIZONTAL | wxTOP, FromDIP(4));
+        sizer->Add(col, 0, wxALIGN_TOP);
+
+        if (i + 1 < count) {
+            sizer->AddStretchSpacer();
+            auto* plus_panel = new wxPanel(card, wxID_ANY, wxDefaultPosition, wxSize(plus_gap, swatch_sz));
+            plus_panel->SetMinSize(wxSize(plus_gap, swatch_sz));
+            plus_panel->SetMaxSize(wxSize(plus_gap, swatch_sz));
+            plus_panel->SetBackgroundColour(StateColor::darkModeColorFor(COLOR_BG_CARD));
+            auto* plus_sizer = new wxBoxSizer(wxVERTICAL);
+            auto* plus_label = new wxStaticText(plus_panel, wxID_ANY, "+");
+            plus_label->SetFont(Label::Body_13);
+            plus_label->SetForegroundColour(StateColor::darkModeColorFor(COLOR_TEXT_DARK));
+            match_parent_bg(plus_label, StateColor::darkModeColorFor(COLOR_BG_CARD));
+            bind_select(plus_panel);
+            bind_select(plus_label);
+            plus_sizer->AddStretchSpacer();
+            plus_sizer->Add(plus_label, 0, wxALIGN_CENTER_HORIZONTAL);
+            plus_sizer->AddStretchSpacer();
+            plus_panel->SetSizer(plus_sizer);
+            sizer->Add(plus_panel, 0, wxALIGN_TOP);
+            sizer->AddStretchSpacer();
+        }
+    }
+
+    const int card_width = FromDIP(128 + (count > 2 ? static_cast<int>(count - 2) * 31 : 0));
+    card->SetMinSize(wxSize(card_width, FromDIP(111)));
+    card->SetMaxSize(wxSize(card_width, FromDIP(111)));
+
+    card->Layout();
+    card->Refresh();
+}
+
+void ColorDecomposeDialog::update_mode_card_contents()
+{
+    update_mode_card_content(DecomposeMode::MaterialList);
+    update_mode_card_content(DecomposeMode::CMYW);
+    update_mode_card_content(DecomposeMode::RYBW);
+    Layout();
+    Fit();
+}
+
+void ColorDecomposeDialog::update_matched_color_display()
+{
+    if (!m_result.matched_color.IsOk())
+        m_result.matched_color = m_target_color;
+
+    if (m_matched_swatch) {
+        m_matched_swatch->SetBackgroundColour(m_result.matched_color);
+        m_matched_swatch->Refresh();
+    }
+    if (m_matched_rgb_text) {
+        m_matched_rgb_text->SetLabel(wxString::Format("RGB: %d, %d, %d",
+            m_result.matched_color.Red(), m_result.matched_color.Green(), m_result.matched_color.Blue()));
+    }
+}
+
+bool ColorDecomposeDialog::try_build_single_base_result(DecomposeMode mode, ColorDecomposeResult& out) const
+{
+    // Gate by preferred type, matching card visibility: CMYW and RYBW only for PLA Basic.
+    if (mode == DecomposeMode::CMYW || mode == DecomposeMode::RYBW) {
+        if (m_preferred_type != kDecomposePlaBasicType)
+            return false;
+    } else {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    static const DecomposeBaseColor cmyw_bases[] = {
+        DecomposeBaseColor::Cyan, DecomposeBaseColor::Magenta,
+        DecomposeBaseColor::Yellow, DecomposeBaseColor::White
+    };
+    static const DecomposeBaseColor rybw_bases[] = {
+        DecomposeBaseColor::Red, DecomposeBaseColor::Yellow,
+        DecomposeBaseColor::Blue, DecomposeBaseColor::White
+    };
+    const DecomposeBaseColor* bases = (mode == DecomposeMode::CMYW) ? cmyw_bases : rybw_bases;
+    const size_t base_count = (mode == DecomposeMode::CMYW)
+        ? sizeof(cmyw_bases) / sizeof(cmyw_bases[0])
+        : sizeof(rybw_bases) / sizeof(rybw_bases[0]);
+
+    const std::string target_hex = decompose_normalize_color_hex(
+        m_target_color.GetAsString(wxC2S_HTML_SYNTAX).ToStdString());
+
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < base_count; ++i) {
+        const DecomposeBaseColor base = bases[i];
+        DecomposeOfficialComponent official =
+            lookup_decompose_official_component(m_preferred_type, base, pure_color_for_base(base));
+        if (decompose_normalize_color_hex(official.color_hex) != target_hex)
+            continue;
+
+        out = ColorDecomposeResult{};
+        out.mode = mode;
+        out.matched_color = hex_to_wx_colour(official.color_hex, m_target_color);
+        DecomposeComponent comp;
+        comp.colour = out.matched_color;
+        comp.ratio = 100;
+        comp.filament_index = -1;
+        comp.base_color = base;
+        out.components.push_back(comp);
+        return true;
+    }
+    return false;
+}
+
+void ColorDecomposeDialog::compute_decomposition()
+{
+    auto fallback_result = [this](DecomposeMode mode, const std::vector<DecomposeComponent>& components) {
+        ColorDecomposeResult result;
+        result.mode = mode;
+        result.components = components;
+        int total = 0;
+        double r = 0.0, g = 0.0, b = 0.0;
+        for (const auto& comp : result.components)
+            total += comp.ratio;
+        if (total <= 0)
+            total = 100;
+        for (const auto& comp : result.components) {
+            const double w = static_cast<double>(comp.ratio) / total;
+            r += comp.colour.Red() * w;
+            g += comp.colour.Green() * w;
+            b += comp.colour.Blue() * w;
+        }
+        result.matched_color = result.components.empty()
+            ? m_target_color
+            : wxColour(static_cast<unsigned char>(std::clamp(r, 0.0, 255.0)),
+                       static_cast<unsigned char>(std::clamp(g, 0.0, 255.0)),
+                       static_cast<unsigned char>(std::clamp(b, 0.0, 255.0)));
+        return result;
+    };
+
+    std::vector<ColorDecomposePhysicalFilament> physical_filaments;
+    physical_filaments.reserve(m_physical_colors.size());
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < m_physical_colors.size(); ++i) {
+        if (m_filament_idx >= 0 && i == static_cast<size_t>(m_filament_idx))
+            continue;
+        ColorDecomposePhysicalFilament filament;
+        filament.color_hex = m_physical_colors[i];
+        filament.name = i < m_filament_names.size() ? m_filament_names[i] : "";
+        filament.type = i < m_filament_types.size() ? m_filament_types[i] : "";
+        filament.filament_index = static_cast<unsigned int>(i + 1);
+        physical_filaments.push_back(std::move(filament));
+    }
+
+    const ColorDecomposeRgb target_rgb = wx_colour_to_recipe_rgb(m_target_color);
+
+    auto material_recipe = recommend_from_physical_filaments(target_rgb, physical_filaments, m_preferred_type);
+    if (material_recipe.valid) {
+        m_mode_results[mode_index(DecomposeMode::MaterialList)] =
+            to_dialog_result(material_recipe, m_target_color);
+    } else {
+        std::vector<DecomposeComponent> components;
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < std::min<size_t>(2, physical_filaments.size()); ++i) {
+            DecomposeComponent comp;
+            comp.colour = wxColour(physical_filaments[i].color_hex);
+            comp.ratio = 50;
+            comp.filament_index = static_cast<int>(physical_filaments[i].filament_index);
+            components.push_back(comp);
+        }
+        if (components.empty()) {
+            components.push_back({m_target_color, 100, -1});
+        } else if (components.size() == 1) {
+            components.front().ratio = 100;
+        }
+        m_mode_results[mode_index(DecomposeMode::MaterialList)] =
+            fallback_result(DecomposeMode::MaterialList, components);
+    }
+
+    ColorDecomposeResult single_base;
+    if (try_build_single_base_result(DecomposeMode::CMYW, single_base)) {
+        m_mode_results[mode_index(DecomposeMode::CMYW)] = single_base;
+    } else {
+        auto cmyw_recipe = lookup_standard_recipe(target_rgb, ColorDecomposeRecipeMode::CMYW, m_preferred_type);
+        m_mode_results[mode_index(DecomposeMode::CMYW)] = cmyw_recipe.valid
+            ? to_dialog_result(cmyw_recipe, m_target_color)
+            : fallback_result(DecomposeMode::CMYW, {
+                {CMYW_YELLOW, 50, -1, DecomposeBaseColor::Yellow},
+                {CMYW_CYAN,   50, -1, DecomposeBaseColor::Cyan}
+            });
+    }
+
+    if (try_build_single_base_result(DecomposeMode::RYBW, single_base)) {
+        m_mode_results[mode_index(DecomposeMode::RYBW)] = single_base;
+    } else {
+        auto rybw_recipe = lookup_standard_recipe(target_rgb, ColorDecomposeRecipeMode::RYBW, m_preferred_type);
+        m_mode_results[mode_index(DecomposeMode::RYBW)] = rybw_recipe.valid
+            ? to_dialog_result(rybw_recipe, m_target_color)
+            : fallback_result(DecomposeMode::RYBW, {
+                {RYBW_YELLOW, 50, -1, DecomposeBaseColor::Yellow},
+                {RYBW_BLUE,   50, -1, DecomposeBaseColor::Blue}
+            });
+    }
+
+    m_result = m_mode_results[mode_index(m_selected_mode)];
+    update_mode_card_contents();
+    update_ok_button_state();
+}
+
+} // namespace GUI
+} // namespace Slic3r
diff --git a/src/slic3r/GUI/ColorDecomposeDialog.hpp b/src/slic3r/GUI/ColorDecomposeDialog.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..419dfe8cea
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/slic3r/GUI/ColorDecomposeDialog.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,152 @@
+#ifndef slic3r_ColorDecomposeDialog_hpp_
+#define slic3r_ColorDecomposeDialog_hpp_
+
+#include <array>
+#include <functional>
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+#include <utility>
+#include <wx/colour.h>
+#include <wx/panel.h>
+#include <wx/statbmp.h>
+#include <wx/stattext.h>
+
+#include "GUI_Utils.hpp"
+#include "libslic3r/ColorDecomposeRecipe.hpp"
+
+class Button;
+class CheckBox;
+class ComboBox;
+
+namespace Slic3r {
+namespace GUI {
+
+using DecomposeMode = ColorDecomposeRecipeMode;
+
+enum class DecomposeBaseColor {
+    None,
+    Cyan,
+    Magenta,
+    Yellow,
+    White,
+    Red,
+    Green,
+    Blue
+};
+
+struct DecomposeComponent {
+    wxColour           colour;
+    int                ratio{50};  // percentage
+    int                filament_index{-1}; // 1-based physical filament index, -1 if standard base color
+    DecomposeBaseColor base_color{DecomposeBaseColor::None};
+};
+
+struct ColorDecomposeResult {
+    DecomposeMode                  mode{DecomposeMode::MaterialList};
+    wxColour                       matched_color;
+    std::vector<DecomposeComponent> components;
+};
+
+class ColorDecomposeDialog : public DPIDialog
+{
+public:
+    ColorDecomposeDialog(wxWindow* parent,
+                         int filament_idx,
+                         const wxColour& target_color,
+                         const std::vector<std::string>& physical_colors,
+                         const std::vector<std::string>& filament_names,
+                         const std::vector<std::string>& filament_types,
+                         size_t current_filament_count = 0,
+                         size_t max_filament_count = 32,
+                         std::vector<size_t> physical_config_indices = {});
+
+    ColorDecomposeResult get_result() const { return m_result; }
+
+    // Override the "new physical filaments" count used by the filament-limit
+    // warning. The Texture import path supplies its own calculator so the
+    // pre-check shares the exact reuse rule as its write-back (existing +
+    // virtual physical filaments), instead of the project-config based default
+    // that cannot see not-yet-committed virtual base colors.
+    void set_missing_physical_calculator(std::function<size_t(const ColorDecomposeResult&)> fn);
+
+protected:
+    void on_dpi_changed(const wxRect& suggested_rect) override;
+
+private:
+    void build_ui();
+    wxBoxSizer* create_filament_selector();
+    wxBoxSizer* create_target_color_section();
+    wxBoxSizer* create_mode_selection_section();
+    wxPanel*    create_mode_card(wxWindow* parent, DecomposeMode mode, const wxString& title);
+    wxBoxSizer* create_button_panel();
+
+    void select_mode(DecomposeMode mode);
+    void update_card_styles();
+    void update_card_visibility();
+    void update_mode_card_content(DecomposeMode mode);
+    void update_mode_card_contents();
+    void update_matched_color_display();
+    void update_ok_button_state();
+    void update_filament_limit_warning();
+
+    void compute_decomposition();
+
+    // When the target color is exactly one of the standard base colors for the
+    // preferred type, the standard card should show that base at 100% instead of
+    // a mix. PLA Basic covers CMYW and RYBW.
+    bool try_build_single_base_result(DecomposeMode mode, ColorDecomposeResult& out) const;
+
+    struct ModeCardControls {
+        wxPanel*    card{nullptr};
+        wxBoxSizer* components_sizer{nullptr};
+    };
+
+    ColorDecomposeResult        m_result;
+    std::array<ColorDecomposeResult, 3> m_mode_results;
+    std::array<ModeCardControls, 3>     m_mode_cards;
+    int                         m_filament_idx{-1};
+    wxColour                    m_target_color;
+    std::vector<std::string>    m_physical_colors;
+    std::vector<std::string>    m_filament_names;
+    std::vector<std::string>    m_filament_types;
+    std::vector<std::string>    m_project_types;
+    std::string                 m_preferred_type;
+    // Dropdown selectable item index -> material type string
+    std::vector<std::string>    m_combo_item_types;
+    size_t                      m_current_filament_count{0};
+    size_t                      m_max_filament_count{32};
+    std::vector<size_t>         m_physical_config_indices;
+    std::function<size_t(const ColorDecomposeResult&)> m_missing_calculator;
+
+    // UI controls
+    ComboBox*                   m_type_combo{nullptr};
+    wxPanel*                    m_target_swatch{nullptr};
+    wxStaticText*               m_target_rgb_text{nullptr};
+    wxPanel*                    m_matched_swatch{nullptr};
+    wxStaticText*               m_matched_rgb_text{nullptr};
+
+    // Mode cards
+    wxPanel*                    m_card_material_list{nullptr};
+    wxPanel*                    m_card_cmyw{nullptr};
+    wxPanel*                    m_card_rybw{nullptr};
+    wxPanel*                    m_arb_column_panel{nullptr};
+    CheckBox*                   m_chk_material_list{nullptr};
+    CheckBox*                   m_chk_cmyw{nullptr};
+    CheckBox*                   m_chk_rybw{nullptr};
+    DecomposeMode               m_selected_mode{DecomposeMode::MaterialList};
+
+    // Hint shown when no mode card is visible
+    wxStaticText*               m_no_card_hint{nullptr};
+
+    // Warning shown when decomposition would exceed filament limit
+    wxPanel*                    m_limit_warning_panel{nullptr};
+    wxStaticText*               m_limit_warning_text{nullptr};
+
+    Button*                     m_btn_ok{nullptr};
+    Button*                     m_btn_cancel{nullptr};
+};
+
+} // namespace GUI
+} // namespace Slic3r
+
+#endif // slic3r_ColorDecomposeDialog_hpp_
diff --git a/src/slic3r/GUI/ColorDecomposeSupport.cpp b/src/slic3r/GUI/ColorDecomposeSupport.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e8fb4c9082
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/slic3r/GUI/ColorDecomposeSupport.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,386 @@
+#include "ColorDecomposeSupport.hpp"
+#include "MixedFilamentDialog.hpp"
+#include "GUI_App.hpp"
+#include "MsgDialog.hpp"
+#include "I18N.hpp"
+#include "libslic3r/Preset.hpp"
+#include "libslic3r/PresetBundle.hpp"
+#include "libslic3r/Utils.hpp"
+
+#include "nlohmann/json.hpp"
+
+#include <fstream>
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <cctype>
+
+using json = nlohmann::json;
+
+namespace Slic3r { namespace GUI {
+
+std::string decompose_normalize_color_hex(std::string color)
+{
+    if (color.size() >= 7)
+        color = color.substr(0, 7);
+    std::transform(color.begin(), color.end(), color.begin(), [](unsigned char c) {
+        return static_cast<char>(std::toupper(c));
+    });
+    return color;
+}
+
+const char* decompose_base_color_en(DecomposeBaseColor color)
+{
+    switch (color) {
+    case DecomposeBaseColor::Cyan:    return "Cyan";
+    case DecomposeBaseColor::Magenta: return "Magenta";
+    case DecomposeBaseColor::Yellow:  return "Yellow";
+    case DecomposeBaseColor::White:   return "White";
+    case DecomposeBaseColor::Red:     return "Red";
+    case DecomposeBaseColor::Green:   return "Green";
+    case DecomposeBaseColor::Blue:    return "Blue";
+    default:                          return "";
+    }
+}
+
+wxString decompose_base_color_display(DecomposeBaseColor color)
+{
+    switch (color) {
+    case DecomposeBaseColor::Cyan:    return _L("Cyan");
+    case DecomposeBaseColor::Magenta: return _L("Magenta");
+    case DecomposeBaseColor::Yellow:  return _L("Yellow");
+    case DecomposeBaseColor::White:   return _L("White");
+    case DecomposeBaseColor::Red:     return _L("Red");
+    case DecomposeBaseColor::Green:   return _L("Green");
+    case DecomposeBaseColor::Blue:    return _L("Blue");
+    default:                          return wxString();
+    }
+}
+
+std::string decompose_basic_type_from_source(size_t source_config_idx,
+                                             size_t source_physical_idx,
+                                             const std::vector<std::string>& physical_types)
+{
+    auto& project_config = wxGetApp().preset_bundle->project_config;
+    if (auto* filament_id_opt = project_config.option<ConfigOptionStrings>("filament_id")) {
+        if (source_config_idx < filament_id_opt->values.size()) {
+            const std::string& filament_id = filament_id_opt->values[source_config_idx];
+            if (filament_id == kDecomposePetgFilamentId)
+                return kDecomposePetgBasicType;
+            if (filament_id == kDecomposePlaFilamentId)
+                return kDecomposePlaBasicType;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (source_physical_idx < physical_types.size()) {
+        const std::string& type = physical_types[source_physical_idx];
+        if (type == kDecomposePetgShortType || type == kDecomposePetgBasicType)
+            return kDecomposePetgBasicType;
+        if (type == kDecomposePlaShortType || type == kDecomposePlaBasicType)
+            return kDecomposePlaBasicType;
+    }
+    return kDecomposePlaBasicType;
+}
+
+std::string decompose_basic_filament_id(const std::string& basic_type)
+{
+    if (basic_type == kDecomposePetgBasicType)
+        return kDecomposePetgFilamentId;
+    return kDecomposePlaFilamentId;
+}
+
+void set_created_standard_component_metadata(size_t config_idx, const DecomposeOfficialComponent& component)
+{
+    auto& project_config = wxGetApp().preset_bundle->project_config;
+    if (!component.filament_id.empty()) {
+        if (auto* filament_id_opt = project_config.option<ConfigOptionStrings>("filament_id")) {
+            while (filament_id_opt->values.size() <= config_idx)
+                filament_id_opt->values.push_back("");
+            filament_id_opt->values[config_idx] = component.filament_id;
+        }
+    }
+
+    const std::string type = component.filament_id == kDecomposePetgFilamentId ? kDecomposePetgShortType :
+                             component.filament_id == kDecomposePlaFilamentId ? kDecomposePlaShortType : "";
+    if (!type.empty()) {
+        if (auto* type_opt = project_config.option<ConfigOptionStrings>("filament_type")) {
+            while (type_opt->values.size() <= config_idx)
+                type_opt->values.push_back("");
+            type_opt->values[config_idx] = type;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+DecomposeOfficialComponent lookup_decompose_official_component(
+    const std::string& basic_type,
+    DecomposeBaseColor base_color,
+    const wxColour& fallback)
+{
+    DecomposeOfficialComponent result;
+    result.base_color  = base_color;
+    result.color_hex   = decompose_normalize_color_hex(fallback.GetAsString(wxC2S_HTML_SYNTAX).ToStdString());
+    result.filament_id = decompose_basic_filament_id(basic_type);
+
+    const char* color_name = decompose_base_color_en(base_color);
+    if (color_name[0] == '\0')
+        return result;
+
+    // Some materials name a standard base color differently in the color-code
+    // table. PETG Basic's RYBW blue base is "Reflex Blue" (deep blue, B00,
+    // #001489), not "Blue". Match by an ordered list of exact English names so
+    // "Navy Blue" (B01, #0086D6) is never picked up by mistake.
+    std::vector<std::string> candidate_names;
+    candidate_names.emplace_back(color_name);
+    if (base_color == DecomposeBaseColor::Blue && basic_type == kDecomposePetgBasicType)
+        candidate_names.emplace_back("Reflex Blue");
+
+    std::ifstream ifs(resources_dir() + "/profiles/BBL/filament/filaments_color_codes.json");
+    if (!ifs)
+        return result;
+
+    json root = json::parse(ifs, nullptr, false);
+    if (root.is_discarded() || !root.contains("data") || !root["data"].is_array())
+        return result;
+
+    for (const std::string& candidate : candidate_names) {
+        for (const auto& item : root["data"]) {
+            if (!item.is_object() || item.value("fila_type", "") != basic_type)
+                continue;
+            if (!item.contains("fila_color_name"))
+                continue;
+            const auto& names = item["fila_color_name"];
+            if (!names.is_object() || names.value("en", "") != candidate)
+                continue;
+            if (item.contains("fila_color") && item["fila_color"].is_array() && !item["fila_color"].empty())
+                result.color_hex = decompose_normalize_color_hex(item["fila_color"][0].get<std::string>());
+            result.filament_id = item.value("fila_id", result.filament_id);
+            return result;
+        }
+    }
+    return result;
+}
+
+std::string find_decompose_standard_preset_name(size_t source_config_idx, const std::string& basic_type)
+{
+    const PresetBundle& preset_bundle = *wxGetApp().preset_bundle;
+    if (source_config_idx < preset_bundle.filament_presets.size()) {
+        const std::string& source_name = preset_bundle.filament_presets[source_config_idx];
+        if (source_name.find(std::string(kDecomposeBambuPresetPrefix) + basic_type) != std::string::npos)
+            return source_name;
+    }
+
+    const std::string prefix = std::string(kDecomposeBambuPresetPrefix) + basic_type + " @BBL ";
+    for (const std::string& preset_name : preset_bundle.filament_presets) {
+        if (preset_name.find(prefix) == 0)
+            return preset_name;
+    }
+
+    return {};
+}
+
+std::string official_basic_type_from_preset_name(const std::string& preset_name)
+{
+    if (preset_name.find(std::string(kDecomposeBambuPresetPrefix) + kDecomposePlaBasicType) != std::string::npos)
+        return kDecomposePlaBasicType;
+    if (preset_name.find(std::string(kDecomposeBambuPresetPrefix) + kDecomposePetgBasicType) != std::string::npos)
+        return kDecomposePetgBasicType;
+    return {};
+}
+
+std::string filament_type_for_color_decompose(Preset* preset)
+{
+    if (!preset)
+        return kDecomposePlaShortType;
+
+    std::string display_type;
+    std::string ft = preset->config.get_filament_type(display_type);
+    const std::string basic = official_basic_type_from_preset_name(preset->name);
+    if (!basic.empty())
+        ft = basic;
+    if (ft.empty())
+        ft = kDecomposePlaShortType;
+    return ft;
+}
+
+int find_existing_decompose_component(
+    const DecomposeOfficialComponent& component,
+    const std::vector<std::string>& physical_colors,
+    const std::vector<size_t>& physical_config_indices,
+    size_t source_config_idx)
+{
+    auto& project_config = wxGetApp().preset_bundle->project_config;
+    auto* filament_id_opt = project_config.option<ConfigOptionStrings>("filament_id");
+    auto* type_opt = project_config.option<ConfigOptionStrings>("filament_type");
+    const PresetBundle& preset_bundle = *wxGetApp().preset_bundle;
+    const size_t num_physical = physical_colors.size();
+    const std::string expected_basic_type = component.filament_id == kDecomposePetgFilamentId ? kDecomposePetgBasicType :
+                                            component.filament_id == kDecomposePlaFilamentId ? kDecomposePlaBasicType : "";
+    const std::string expected_short_type = expected_basic_type == kDecomposePetgBasicType ? kDecomposePetgShortType :
+                                            expected_basic_type == kDecomposePlaBasicType ? kDecomposePlaShortType : "";
+    const std::string expected_preset_part = expected_basic_type.empty() ? "" : std::string(kDecomposeBambuPresetPrefix) + expected_basic_type;
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < num_physical && i < physical_config_indices.size(); ++i) {
+        const size_t config_idx = physical_config_indices[i];
+        const std::string slot_color = decompose_normalize_color_hex(physical_colors[i]);
+        const std::string slot_filament_id = (filament_id_opt && config_idx < filament_id_opt->values.size()) ? filament_id_opt->values[config_idx] : "";
+        const std::string slot_type = (type_opt && config_idx < type_opt->values.size()) ? type_opt->values[config_idx] : "";
+        const std::string preset_name = config_idx < preset_bundle.filament_presets.size() ? preset_bundle.filament_presets[config_idx] : "";
+        if (config_idx == source_config_idx) {
+            continue;
+        }
+        if (slot_color != component.color_hex) {
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        if (!component.filament_id.empty() && slot_filament_id == component.filament_id) {
+            return static_cast<int>(config_idx + 1);
+        }
+
+        if (!expected_basic_type.empty() && (slot_type == expected_basic_type || slot_type == expected_short_type)) {
+            return static_cast<int>(config_idx + 1);
+        }
+
+        if (!expected_preset_part.empty() && preset_name.find(expected_preset_part) != std::string::npos) {
+            return static_cast<int>(config_idx + 1);
+        }
+
+        const bool has_material_hint = !slot_filament_id.empty() || !slot_type.empty() || !preset_name.empty();
+        if (!expected_basic_type.empty() && has_material_hint)
+            continue;
+
+        return static_cast<int>(config_idx + 1);
+    }
+    return -1;
+}
+
+bool prepare_decompose_mixed_result(
+    const ColorDecomposeResult& result,
+    size_t source_config_idx,
+    size_t source_physical_idx,
+    const std::vector<std::string>& physical_colors,
+    const std::vector<std::string>& physical_types,
+    const std::vector<size_t>& physical_config_indices,
+    MixedFilamentResult& out_result,
+    std::vector<DecomposeMissingComponent>& missing)
+{
+    out_result = {};
+    missing.clear();
+    if (result.components.size() < 2) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    const bool standard_mode = result.mode == DecomposeMode::CMYW || result.mode == DecomposeMode::RYBW;
+    std::string basic_type;
+    std::string preset_name;
+    if (standard_mode) {
+        basic_type = decompose_basic_type_from_source(source_config_idx, source_physical_idx, physical_types);
+        preset_name = find_decompose_standard_preset_name(source_config_idx, basic_type);
+    }
+
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < result.components.size(); ++i) {
+        const DecomposeComponent& comp = result.components[i];
+        out_result.ratios.push_back(comp.ratio);
+        if (!standard_mode) {
+            if (comp.filament_index <= 0) {
+                return false;
+            }
+            const size_t physical_idx = static_cast<size_t>(comp.filament_index - 1);
+            if (physical_idx >= physical_config_indices.size()) {
+                return false;
+            }
+            out_result.components.push_back(static_cast<unsigned int>(physical_config_indices[physical_idx] + 1));
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        if (comp.base_color == DecomposeBaseColor::None) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        DecomposeOfficialComponent official_component =
+            lookup_decompose_official_component(basic_type, comp.base_color, comp.colour);
+        int existing_idx = find_existing_decompose_component(official_component, physical_colors,
+                                                             physical_config_indices, source_config_idx);
+        if (existing_idx > 0) {
+            out_result.components.push_back(static_cast<unsigned int>(existing_idx));
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        DecomposeMissingComponent missing_comp;
+        missing_comp.component_idx = out_result.components.size();
+        missing_comp.official_component = official_component;
+        missing_comp.preset_name = preset_name;
+        missing_comp.display_name = decompose_base_color_display(comp.base_color) +
+            wxString::FromUTF8(" ") + wxString::FromUTF8(basic_type);
+        missing.push_back(std::move(missing_comp));
+        out_result.components.push_back(0);
+    }
+
+    const bool ok = out_result.components.size() == out_result.ratios.size() && out_result.components.size() >= 2;
+    return ok;
+}
+
+size_t count_decompose_new_physical_filaments(
+    const ColorDecomposeResult& result,
+    const std::vector<std::string>& physical_colors,
+    const std::vector<std::string>& physical_types,
+    size_t source_physical_idx,
+    const std::vector<size_t>* physical_config_indices)
+{
+    if (result.mode != DecomposeMode::CMYW && result.mode != DecomposeMode::RYBW)
+        return 0;
+
+    std::vector<size_t> fallback_indices;
+    const std::vector<size_t>* indices = physical_config_indices;
+    if (!indices) {
+        fallback_indices.resize(physical_colors.size());
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < fallback_indices.size(); ++i)
+            fallback_indices[i] = i;
+        indices = &fallback_indices;
+    }
+
+    size_t source_config_idx = size_t(-1);
+    if (source_physical_idx < indices->size())
+        source_config_idx = (*indices)[source_physical_idx];
+
+    const std::string basic_type =
+        decompose_basic_type_from_source(source_config_idx, source_physical_idx, physical_types);
+
+    size_t missing_count = 0;
+    for (const DecomposeComponent& comp : result.components) {
+        if (comp.base_color == DecomposeBaseColor::None)
+            continue;
+        DecomposeOfficialComponent official_component =
+            lookup_decompose_official_component(basic_type, comp.base_color, comp.colour);
+        int existing_idx = find_existing_decompose_component(official_component, physical_colors,
+                                                             *indices, source_config_idx);
+        if (existing_idx <= 0)
+            ++missing_count;
+    }
+    return missing_count;
+}
+
+bool confirm_create_decompose_missing_components(wxWindow* parent, const std::vector<DecomposeMissingComponent>& missing)
+{
+    if (missing.empty())
+        return true;
+
+    static const char* config_key = "not_show_color_decompose_missing_component_tip";
+    if (wxGetApp().app_config->get(config_key) == "1") {
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    wxString missing_text;
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < missing.size(); ++i) {
+        if (i > 0)
+            missing_text += _L(", ");
+        missing_text += missing[i].display_name;
+    }
+
+    wxString message = _L("The current filament list does not contain ") + missing_text +
+        _L(". A project filament required by the mixed filament will be created automatically after decomposition.");
+
+    MessageDialog dlg(parent, message, _L("Tip"), wxOK | wxCANCEL | wxICON_INFORMATION);
+    dlg.show_dsa_button();
+    int res = dlg.ShowModal();
+    if (res == wxID_OK && dlg.get_checkbox_state())
+        wxGetApp().app_config->set(config_key, "1");
+    return res == wxID_OK;
+}
+
+}} // namespace Slic3r::GUI
diff --git a/src/slic3r/GUI/ColorDecomposeSupport.hpp b/src/slic3r/GUI/ColorDecomposeSupport.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a982c51303
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/slic3r/GUI/ColorDecomposeSupport.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+#ifndef slic3r_GUI_ColorDecomposeSupport_hpp_
+#define slic3r_GUI_ColorDecomposeSupport_hpp_
+
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+#include <wx/string.h>
+#include <wx/colour.h>
+#include "ColorDecomposeDialog.hpp"
+
+class wxWindow;
+
+namespace Slic3r {
+class Preset;
+namespace GUI {
+
+// ---- Constants ----
+
+inline constexpr const char* kDecomposePlaBasicType     = "PLA Basic";
+inline constexpr const char* kDecomposePetgBasicType    = "PETG Basic";
+inline constexpr const char* kDecomposePlaShortType     = "PLA";
+inline constexpr const char* kDecomposePetgShortType    = "PETG";
+inline constexpr const char* kDecomposePlaFilamentId    = "GFA00";
+inline constexpr const char* kDecomposePetgFilamentId   = "GFG00";
+inline constexpr const char* kDecomposeBambuPresetPrefix = "Bambu ";
+
+// ---- Types ----
+
+struct DecomposeOfficialComponent {
+    DecomposeBaseColor base_color{DecomposeBaseColor::None};
+    std::string        color_hex;
+    std::string        filament_id;
+};
+
+struct DecomposeMissingComponent {
+    size_t                     component_idx{0};
+    DecomposeOfficialComponent official_component;
+    std::string                preset_name;
+    wxString                   display_name;
+};
+
+struct MixedFilamentResult;
+
+// ---- Functions ----
+
+std::string decompose_normalize_color_hex(std::string color);
+
+const char* decompose_base_color_en(DecomposeBaseColor color);
+
+wxString decompose_base_color_display(DecomposeBaseColor color);
+
+std::string decompose_basic_type_from_source(size_t source_config_idx,
+                                             size_t source_physical_idx,
+                                             const std::vector<std::string>& physical_types);
+
+std::string decompose_basic_filament_id(const std::string& basic_type);
+
+void set_created_standard_component_metadata(size_t config_idx, const DecomposeOfficialComponent& component);
+
+DecomposeOfficialComponent lookup_decompose_official_component(
+    const std::string& basic_type,
+    DecomposeBaseColor base_color,
+    const wxColour& fallback);
+
+std::string find_decompose_standard_preset_name(size_t source_config_idx, const std::string& basic_type);
+
+// Returns "PLA Basic" / "PETG Basic" when preset_name names an official Bambu
+// basic filament, else an empty string.
+std::string official_basic_type_from_preset_name(const std::string& preset_name);
+
+// Resolve display type for color-decompose: official Bambu Basic overrides
+// get_filament_type when preset name matches; empty/missing -> "PLA".
+std::string filament_type_for_color_decompose(Preset* preset);
+
+int find_existing_decompose_component(
+    const DecomposeOfficialComponent& component,
+    const std::vector<std::string>& physical_colors,
+    const std::vector<size_t>& physical_config_indices,
+    size_t source_config_idx);
+
+bool prepare_decompose_mixed_result(
+    const ColorDecomposeResult& result,
+    size_t source_config_idx,
+    size_t source_physical_idx,
+    const std::vector<std::string>& physical_colors,
+    const std::vector<std::string>& physical_types,
+    const std::vector<size_t>& physical_config_indices,
+    MixedFilamentResult& out_result,
+    std::vector<DecomposeMissingComponent>& missing);
+
+// For standard modes: how many base colors are not reusable from physical list.
+// MaterialList returns 0. When physical_config_indices is null, indices are 0..n-1.
+size_t count_decompose_new_physical_filaments(
+    const ColorDecomposeResult& result,
+    const std::vector<std::string>& physical_colors,
+    const std::vector<std::string>& physical_types,
+    size_t source_physical_idx,
+    const std::vector<size_t>* physical_config_indices);
+
+bool confirm_create_decompose_missing_components(wxWindow* parent,
+    const std::vector<DecomposeMissingComponent>& missing);
+
+}} // namespace Slic3r::GUI
+
+#endif // slic3r_GUI_ColorDecomposeSupport_hpp_
diff --git a/src/slic3r/GUI/ConfigManipulation.cpp b/src/slic3r/GUI/ConfigManipulation.cpp
index de94bb6b4b..519e75d9d2 100644
--- a/src/slic3r/GUI/ConfigManipulation.cpp
+++ b/src/slic3r/GUI/ConfigManipulation.cpp
@@ -577,17 +577,30 @@ void ConfigManipulation::update_print_fff_config(DynamicPrintConfig* config, con
     }
 
     // BBS
-    static const char* keys[] = { "support_filament", "support_interface_filament"};
+    // A per-role filament override must name a real, physical filament. Out-of-range values are
+    // stale; a mixed-color slot is virtual and cannot be driven directly by a role override, so
+    // both are reset to 0 ("inherit the object's filament"). The object's own extruder assignment
+    // is what legitimately carries a mixed slot. Orca splits BBS's wall/solid_infill roles into
+    // six keys, so all of them are checked here.
+    static const char* keys[] = { "support_filament", "support_interface_filament",
+                                  "outer_wall_filament_id", "inner_wall_filament_id",
+                                  "sparse_infill_filament_id", "internal_solid_filament_id",
+                                  "top_surface_filament_id", "bottom_surface_filament_id" };
     for (int i = 0; i < sizeof(keys) / sizeof(keys[0]); i++) {
         std::string key = std::string(keys[i]);
         auto* opt = dynamic_cast<ConfigOptionInt*>(config->option(key, false));
         if (opt != nullptr) {
-            if (opt->getInt() > filament_cnt) {
+            int  val          = opt->getInt();
+            bool out_of_range = val > filament_cnt;
+            bool is_mixed     = (val > 0 && val <= filament_cnt &&
+                                 wxGetApp().preset_bundle->is_mixed_filament(val - 1));
+            if (out_of_range || is_mixed) {
                 DynamicPrintConfig new_conf = *config;
-                const DynamicPrintConfig *conf_temp = wxGetApp().plater()->config();
                 int new_value = 0;
-                if (conf_temp != nullptr && conf_temp->has(key)) {
-                    new_value = conf_temp->opt_int(key);
+                if (out_of_range) {
+                    const DynamicPrintConfig *conf_temp = wxGetApp().plater()->config();
+                    if (conf_temp != nullptr && conf_temp->has(key))
+                        new_value = conf_temp->opt_int(key);
                 }
                 new_conf.set_key_value(key, new ConfigOptionInt(new_value));
                 apply(config, &new_conf);
@@ -595,6 +608,37 @@ void ConfigManipulation::update_print_fff_config(DynamicPrintConfig* config, con
         }
     }
 
+    // Sub-layer splitting divides each layer by the mix ratio; an adaptive layer profile makes
+    // those sub-layer heights vary per layer, which degrades the blend. Warn once per enable.
+    {
+        static bool s_mixed_sublayer_warned = false;
+        bool sublayer_on = config->opt_bool("enable_mixed_color_sublayer");
+        if (sublayer_on && !s_mixed_sublayer_warned &&
+            wxGetApp().app_config->get("no_warn_mixed_sublayer_variable_layer") != "1") {
+            bool has_variable_layer = false;
+            for (const auto* obj : wxGetApp().model().objects) {
+                if (obj->layer_height_profile.get().size() > 4) {
+                    has_variable_layer = true;
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+            if (has_variable_layer) {
+                MessageDialog dialog(m_msg_dlg_parent,
+                    _L("Using variable layer height together with mixed color sublayer may result in poor color mixing quality."),
+                    "", wxICON_WARNING | wxOK);
+                dialog.show_dsa_button();
+                is_msg_dlg_already_exist = true;
+                dialog.ShowModal();
+                is_msg_dlg_already_exist = false;
+                if (dialog.get_checkbox_state())
+                    wxGetApp().app_config->set("no_warn_mixed_sublayer_variable_layer", "1");
+                s_mixed_sublayer_warned = true;
+            }
+        }
+        if (!sublayer_on)
+            s_mixed_sublayer_warned = false;
+    }
+
     if (config->opt_enum<SeamScarfType>("seam_slope_type") != SeamScarfType::None &&
         config->get_abs_value("seam_slope_start_height") >= layer_height) {
         const wxString     msg_text = _(L("seam_slope_start_height need to be smaller than layer_height.\nReset to 0."));
diff --git a/src/slic3r/GUI/GLCanvas3D.cpp b/src/slic3r/GUI/GLCanvas3D.cpp
index fa6902de8d..967e02a907 100644
--- a/src/slic3r/GUI/GLCanvas3D.cpp
+++ b/src/slic3r/GUI/GLCanvas3D.cpp
@@ -155,6 +155,11 @@ std::string& get_filament_mixture_warning_text(){
     return filament_mixture_warning_text;
 }
 
+std::string& get_single_extruder_mixed_filament_warning_text(){
+    static std::string single_extruder_mixed_filament_warning_text;
+    return single_extruder_mixed_filament_warning_text;
+}
+
 
 static std::string format_number(float value)
 {
@@ -2984,6 +2989,9 @@ void GLCanvas3D::reload_scene(bool refresh_immediately, bool force_full_scene_re
             bool mix_pla_and_petg = cur_plate->check_mixture_of_pla_and_petg(full_config_temp);
             _set_warning_notification(EWarning::MixUsePLAAndPETG, !mix_pla_and_petg);
 
+            bool single_extruder_mixed_risk = cur_plate->check_single_extruder_mixed_filament_risk(full_config_temp, get_single_extruder_mixed_filament_warning_text());
+            _set_warning_notification(EWarning::SingleExtruderMixedFilament, single_extruder_mixed_risk);
+
             bool filament_nozzle_compatible = cur_plate->check_compatible_of_nozzle_and_filament(full_config_temp, wxGetApp().preset_bundle->filament_presets, get_nozzle_filament_incompatible_text());
             _set_warning_notification(EWarning::NozzleFilamentIncompatible, !filament_nozzle_compatible);
 
@@ -3010,6 +3018,7 @@ void GLCanvas3D::reload_scene(bool refresh_immediately, bool force_full_scene_re
            _set_warning_notification(EWarning::TPUPrintableError, false);
            _set_warning_notification(EWarning::FilamentPrintableError, false);
            _set_warning_notification(EWarning::MixUsePLAAndPETG, false);
+           _set_warning_notification(EWarning::SingleExtruderMixedFilament, false);
            _set_warning_notification(EWarning::PrimeTowerOutside, false);
            _set_warning_notification(EWarning::MultiExtruderPrintableError,false);
            _set_warning_notification(EWarning::MultiExtruderHeightOutside,false);
@@ -10570,6 +10579,9 @@ void GLCanvas3D::_set_warning_notification(EWarning warning, bool state)
     case EWarning::MixUsePLAAndPETG:
         text = _u8L("PLA and PETG filaments detected in the mixture. Adjust parameters according to the Wiki to ensure print quality.");
         break;
+    case EWarning::SingleExtruderMixedFilament:
+        text = get_single_extruder_mixed_filament_warning_text();
+        break;
     case EWarning::PrimeTowerOutside:
         text  = _u8L("The prime tower extends beyond the plate boundary.");
         break;
diff --git a/src/slic3r/GUI/GLCanvas3D.hpp b/src/slic3r/GUI/GLCanvas3D.hpp
index 17497edf16..84dbd5d652 100644
--- a/src/slic3r/GUI/GLCanvas3D.hpp
+++ b/src/slic3r/GUI/GLCanvas3D.hpp
@@ -391,6 +391,7 @@ class GLCanvas3D
         PrimeTowerOutside,
         NozzleFilamentIncompatible,
         MixtureFilamentIncompatible,
+        SingleExtruderMixedFilament,
         FlushingVolumeZero
     };
 
diff --git a/src/slic3r/GUI/Gizmos/GLGizmoMmuSegmentation.cpp b/src/slic3r/GUI/Gizmos/GLGizmoMmuSegmentation.cpp
index 761228550f..0ee0230ea9 100644
--- a/src/slic3r/GUI/Gizmos/GLGizmoMmuSegmentation.cpp
+++ b/src/slic3r/GUI/Gizmos/GLGizmoMmuSegmentation.cpp
@@ -731,6 +731,10 @@ void GLGizmoMmuSegmentation::init_model_triangle_selectors()
             continue;
 
         int extruder_idx = (mv->extruder_id() > 0) ? mv->extruder_id() - 1 : 0;
+        // A volume may be assigned to a mixed-color slot, whose index can sit past the
+        // physical colour list; fall back to the first colour rather than reading OOB.
+        if (extruder_idx >= (int)m_extruders_colors.size())
+            extruder_idx = 0;
         std::vector<ColorRGBA> ebt_colors;
         ebt_colors.push_back(m_extruders_colors[size_t(extruder_idx)]);
         ebt_colors.insert(ebt_colors.end(), m_extruders_colors.begin(), m_extruders_colors.end());
@@ -753,6 +757,9 @@ void GLGizmoMmuSegmentation::update_triangle_selectors_colors()
         TriangleSelectorPatch* selector = dynamic_cast<TriangleSelectorPatch*>(m_triangle_selectors[i].get());
         int extruder_idx = m_volumes_extruder_idxs[i];
         int extruder_color_idx = std::max(0, extruder_idx - 1);
+        // As above: a mixed-color slot can index past the physical colour list.
+        if (extruder_color_idx >= (int)m_extruders_colors.size())
+            extruder_color_idx = 0;
         std::vector<ColorRGBA> ebt_colors;
         ebt_colors.push_back(m_extruders_colors[extruder_color_idx]);
         ebt_colors.insert(ebt_colors.end(), m_extruders_colors.begin(), m_extruders_colors.end());
diff --git a/src/slic3r/GUI/GradientCurveEditor.cpp b/src/slic3r/GUI/GradientCurveEditor.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b3d3436465
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/slic3r/GUI/GradientCurveEditor.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,644 @@
+#include "GradientCurveEditor.hpp"
+#include "GUI_App.hpp"
+#include "GuiColor.hpp"
+#include "I18N.hpp"
+#include "Widgets/StateColor.hpp"
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <cmath>
+#include <limits>
+
+#include <wx/dcbuffer.h>
+#include <wx/dcclient.h>
+#include <wx/dcgraph.h>
+#include <wx/settings.h>
+
+namespace Slic3r {
+namespace GUI {
+
+wxDEFINE_EVENT(wxEVT_GRADIENT_CURVE_CHANGED, wxCommandEvent);
+
+namespace {
+// Layout (Figma "Property 1=Default", 214.06 x 179.63 px reference).
+// Plot rect occupies the upper-left region; right + bottom margins host axis arrows / labels.
+constexpr double kPlotLeftRatio   = 0.0316;
+constexpr double kPlotRightRatio  = 0.6766;
+constexpr double kPlotTopRatio    = 0.1529;
+constexpr double kPlotBottomRatio = 0.8474;
+constexpr int    kGridDivisions   = 9;     // 10 grid lines including the outer borders.
+
+// Hit / stroke (DIP).
+constexpr int kHitRadius        = 6;
+constexpr int kCurveHitRadius   = 5;
+constexpr int kPointRadius      = 4;   // anchor outer radius (DIP)
+constexpr int kStrokeUnselected = 2;
+constexpr int kStrokeSelected   = 4;
+constexpr int kStrokeAxis       = 2;   // axis line width (px, no DPI scaling - matches kGridColor pen and 2DBed convention)
+constexpr int kAxisArrowHalf    = 5;   // half-base of the axis arrow triangle (DIP)
+constexpr int kAxisArrowLen     = 10;  // length of the axis arrow triangle (DIP)
+
+// Light-mode design tokens from Figma. Resolved through StateColor::darkModeColorFor()
+// at paint time so the editor follows the app theme (#EEEEEE -> #4C4C55, #6B6B6B ->
+// #818183, #262E30 -> #EFEFF0, *wxWHITE -> #2D2D31). Don't read these directly in paint;
+// always go through the resolved locals declared at the top of on_paint().
+const wxColour kGridColor   (238, 238, 238);   // #EEEEEE grey 300
+const wxColour kAxisColor   (107, 107, 107);   // #6B6B6B grey 700
+const wxColour kLabelMuted  (107, 107, 107);   // #6B6B6B grey 700
+const wxColour kLabelStrong ( 38,  46,  48);   // #262E30 grey 900
+
+// LAB (DeltaE76) threshold for "curve color is too close to the background". Below this
+// we paint a subtle axis-color outline so the curve doesn't visually vanish; above this
+// we draw the curve plain. ~15 is "perceptible but still close", looser than the strict
+// 5.0 used by FlushPredict::is_similar_color but loose enough that a pastel pink on white
+// or a charcoal on #2B2B2B still triggers an outline.
+constexpr float kBgSimilarThreshold = 15.0f;
+constexpr int   kOutlineExtraDip    = 2;
+} // namespace
+
+GradientCurveEditor::GradientCurveEditor(wxWindow* parent,
+                                         const wxColour& color_low,
+                                         const wxColour& color_high)
+    : wxPanel(parent, wxID_ANY, wxDefaultPosition, wxDefaultSize, wxBORDER_NONE)
+    , m_color_low(color_low)
+    , m_color_high(color_high)
+{
+    SetBackgroundStyle(wxBG_STYLE_PAINT);
+    SetBackgroundColour(wxGetApp().get_window_default_clr());
+    // Wide enough so the X-axis "Material Ratio" label fits past the arrow tip without overlap.
+    // 260 (was 240): adds room for the "Material Ratio" label that gets shifted right by the
+    // longer axis arrow; the hosting MixedFilamentDialog grows to 470 DIP to accommodate.
+    SetMinSize(FromDIP(wxSize(260, 200)));
+
+    reset_to_linear(0.10, 0.90);
+
+    Bind(wxEVT_PAINT,       &GradientCurveEditor::on_paint,      this);
+    Bind(wxEVT_LEFT_DOWN,   &GradientCurveEditor::on_left_down,  this);
+    Bind(wxEVT_LEFT_UP,     &GradientCurveEditor::on_left_up,    this);
+    Bind(wxEVT_RIGHT_DOWN,  &GradientCurveEditor::on_right_down, this);
+    Bind(wxEVT_MOTION,      &GradientCurveEditor::on_motion,     this);
+    Bind(wxEVT_LEAVE_WINDOW,&GradientCurveEditor::on_leave,      this);
+    Bind(wxEVT_SIZE,        &GradientCurveEditor::on_size,       this);
+    Bind(wxEVT_MOUSE_CAPTURE_LOST, [this](wxMouseCaptureLostEvent&) {
+        m_drag_mode     = DragMode::None;
+        m_drag_idx      = -1;
+        m_dragged_moved = false;
+    });
+}
+
+void GradientCurveEditor::set_points(const PointList& pts)
+{
+    m_points = pts;
+    normalize_points();
+    Refresh();
+}
+
+void GradientCurveEditor::set_colors(const wxColour& color_low, const wxColour& color_high)
+{
+    m_color_low  = color_low;
+    m_color_high = color_high;
+    Refresh();
+}
+
+void GradientCurveEditor::set_selected_curve(int curve_idx)
+{
+    const int new_sel = (curve_idx == 0) ? 0 : 1;
+    if (m_selected_curve == new_sel) return;
+    m_selected_curve = new_sel;
+    Refresh();
+}
+
+void GradientCurveEditor::reset_to_linear(double y0, double y1)
+{
+    auto clamp_y = [](double v) {
+        return std::max(kGradientMinRatio, std::min(kGradientMaxRatio, v));
+    };
+    m_points.clear();
+    GradientAnchor a0; a0.x = 0.0; a0.y = clamp_y(y0);
+    GradientAnchor a1; a1.x = 1.0; a1.y = clamp_y(y1);
+    m_points.push_back(a0);
+    m_points.push_back(a1);
+    m_selected_curve = 0;
+    Refresh();
+    emit_changed();
+}
+
+void GradientCurveEditor::reverse()
+{
+    // Mirror y around 0.5. Tangents are slopes dy/dx so they flip sign to keep the
+    // local shape consistent across the mirror; NaN tangents remain "use PCHIP default".
+    for (auto& p : m_points) {
+        p.y = 1.0 - p.y;
+        if (std::isfinite(p.m_in))  p.m_in  = -p.m_in;
+        if (std::isfinite(p.m_out)) p.m_out = -p.m_out;
+    }
+    Refresh();
+    emit_changed();
+}
+
+void GradientCurveEditor::normalize_points()
+{
+    if (m_points.empty()) {
+        GradientAnchor a0; a0.x = 0.0; a0.y = kGradientMinRatio;
+        GradientAnchor a1; a1.x = 1.0; a1.y = kGradientMaxRatio;
+        m_points.push_back(a0);
+        m_points.push_back(a1);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    for (auto& p : m_points) {
+        p.x = std::max(0.0, std::min(1.0, p.x));
+        p.y = std::max(kGradientMinRatio, std::min(kGradientMaxRatio, p.y));
+    }
+    std::sort(m_points.begin(), m_points.end(),
+              [](const GradientAnchor& a, const GradientAnchor& b) {
+                  return a.x < b.x;
+              });
+
+    if (m_points.size() < 2) {
+        GradientAnchor tail; tail.x = 1.0; tail.y = m_points.front().y;
+        m_points.push_back(tail);
+    }
+
+    m_points.front().x = 0.0;
+    m_points.back().x  = 1.0;
+}
+
+void GradientCurveEditor::emit_changed()
+{
+    wxCommandEvent evt(wxEVT_GRADIENT_CURVE_CHANGED, GetId());
+    evt.SetEventObject(this);
+    ProcessWindowEvent(evt);
+}
+
+wxRect GradientCurveEditor::plot_rect() const
+{
+    const wxSize sz = GetClientSize();
+    const int x  = static_cast<int>(std::lround(sz.x * kPlotLeftRatio));
+    const int y  = static_cast<int>(std::lround(sz.y * kPlotTopRatio));
+    const int x2 = static_cast<int>(std::lround(sz.x * kPlotRightRatio));
+    const int y2 = static_cast<int>(std::lround(sz.y * kPlotBottomRatio));
+    // Force square 1:1 so X/Y axes share the same scale and grid cells stay square. Anchor at
+    // the top-left so the "100%" labels on the bottom/right still align with the plot edges.
+    const int side = std::max(1, std::min(x2 - x, y2 - y));
+    return wxRect(x, y, side, side);
+}
+
+wxPoint GradientCurveEditor::data_to_px(double x, double y) const
+{
+    const wxRect r = plot_rect();
+    const int px = r.x + static_cast<int>(std::lround(x * r.width));
+    // y axis is inverted: y=1 should sit at the top.
+    const int py = r.y + static_cast<int>(std::lround((1.0 - y) * r.height));
+    return wxPoint(px, py);
+}
+
+void GradientCurveEditor::px_to_data(int px, int py, double& x, double& y) const
+{
+    const wxRect r = plot_rect();
+    const double w = std::max(1, r.width);
+    const double h = std::max(1, r.height);
+    x = std::max(0.0, std::min(1.0, (px - r.x) / w));
+    y = std::max(0.0, std::min(1.0, 1.0 - (py - r.y) / h));
+}
+
+double GradientCurveEditor::sample_curve_y(double x) const
+{
+    GradientCurve gc;
+    gc.points = m_points;
+    return sample_gradient_curve(gc, x);
+}
+
+int GradientCurveEditor::hit_test(int px, int py) const
+{
+    const int tol = FromDIP(kHitRadius);
+    int best_idx = -1;
+    int best_d2  = tol * tol;
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < m_points.size(); ++i) {
+        // Anchor visual y is curve-specific: component 1's anchor sits at (x, 1 - stored_y).
+        const double vy = to_visual_y(m_selected_curve, m_points[i].y);
+        const wxPoint p = data_to_px(m_points[i].x, vy);
+        const int dx = px - p.x;
+        const int dy = py - p.y;
+        const int d2 = dx * dx + dy * dy;
+        if (d2 <= best_d2) {
+            best_idx = static_cast<int>(i);
+            best_d2  = d2;
+        }
+    }
+    return best_idx;
+}
+
+int GradientCurveEditor::hit_test_curve(int px, int py, int* seg_out) const
+{
+    if (seg_out) *seg_out = -1;
+    if (m_points.size() < 2) return -1;
+    const int tol  = FromDIP(kCurveHitRadius);
+    const int tol2 = tol * tol;
+
+    auto dist2_to_seg = [&](int ax, int ay, int bx, int by) -> int {
+        const double dx = bx - ax;
+        const double dy = by - ay;
+        const double l2 = dx * dx + dy * dy;
+        if (l2 == 0.0) {
+            const double ddx = px - ax;
+            const double ddy = py - ay;
+            return static_cast<int>(ddx * ddx + ddy * ddy);
+        }
+        double t = ((px - ax) * dx + (py - ay) * dy) / l2;
+        t = std::max(0.0, std::min(1.0, t));
+        const double ex = ax + t * dx;
+        const double ey = ay + t * dy;
+        const double ddx = px - ex;
+        const double ddy = py - ey;
+        return static_cast<int>(ddx * ddx + ddy * ddy);
+    };
+
+    // Hit-test against the same dense Hermite polyline that on_paint draws, so the
+    // clickable line follows the visual curve exactly (no offset on the bent parts).
+    // When a hit is found, also report the index of the left anchor of the data-space
+    // segment that covers cursor x; needed by the segment-bend interaction.
+    const wxRect rc = plot_rect();
+    const int samples = std::max(128, rc.width * 2);
+    auto seg_for_x = [&](double cursor_x) -> int {
+        for (size_t i = 1; i < m_points.size(); ++i) {
+            if (cursor_x <= m_points[i].x)
+                return static_cast<int>(i - 1);
+        }
+        return static_cast<int>(m_points.size() - 2);
+    };
+
+    auto curve_hit = [&](int curve_idx) -> bool {
+        wxPoint prev;
+        for (int s = 0; s <= samples; ++s) {
+            const double x  = double(s) / samples;
+            const double y0 = sample_curve_y(x);
+            const double vy = to_visual_y(curve_idx, y0);
+            const wxPoint cur = data_to_px(x, vy);
+            if (s > 0 && dist2_to_seg(prev.x, prev.y, cur.x, cur.y) <= tol2)
+                return true;
+            prev = cur;
+        }
+        return false;
+    };
+
+    // Prefer the selected curve so overlapping segments don't unintentionally steal focus.
+    if (curve_hit(m_selected_curve)) {
+        if (seg_out) {
+            double nx = 0, dummy = 0;
+            px_to_data(px, py, nx, dummy);
+            *seg_out = seg_for_x(nx);
+        }
+        return m_selected_curve;
+    }
+    const int other = 1 - m_selected_curve;
+    if (curve_hit(other)) {
+        if (seg_out) {
+            double nx = 0, dummy = 0;
+            px_to_data(px, py, nx, dummy);
+            *seg_out = seg_for_x(nx);
+        }
+        return other;
+    }
+    return -1;
+}
+
+void GradientCurveEditor::on_paint(wxPaintEvent& /*evt*/)
+{
+    // Resolve theme colors every paint so dark-mode toggles (no re-construction) take
+    // effect without an explicit listener. Window bg is read from GUI_App, not
+    // GetBackgroundColour(), since the latter is snapshotted at construction time.
+    const wxColour bg            = wxGetApp().get_window_default_clr();
+    const wxColour grid_color    = StateColor::darkModeColorFor(kGridColor);
+    const wxColour axis_color    = StateColor::darkModeColorFor(kAxisColor);
+    const wxColour label_muted   = StateColor::darkModeColorFor(kLabelMuted);
+    const wxColour label_strong  = StateColor::darkModeColorFor(kLabelStrong);
+    const wxColour point_fill    = StateColor::darkModeColorFor(*wxWHITE);
+
+    wxAutoBufferedPaintDC raw_dc(this);
+    raw_dc.SetBackground(wxBrush(bg));
+    raw_dc.Clear();
+
+    // Render through wxGCDC so curves, arrows and anchor circles get anti-aliased; the buffered
+    // DC is the actual back buffer that gets blitted to the window.
+    wxGCDC dc(raw_dc);
+
+    const wxRect rc = plot_rect();
+    if (rc.width <= 0 || rc.height <= 0)
+        return;
+
+    // 10x10 light grid (10 lines including outer borders, 9 equal divisions).
+    dc.SetPen(wxPen(grid_color, 1));
+    for (int i = 0; i <= kGridDivisions; ++i) {
+        const int x = rc.x + rc.width  * i / kGridDivisions;
+        const int y = rc.y + rc.height * i / kGridDivisions;
+        dc.DrawLine(x, rc.y, x, rc.y + rc.height);
+        dc.DrawLine(rc.x, y, rc.x + rc.width, y);
+    }
+
+    // Set the label font first so text width measurements drive arrow / label placement.
+    wxFont label_font = wxSystemSettings::GetFont(wxSYS_DEFAULT_GUI_FONT);
+    label_font.SetPointSize(std::max(7, label_font.GetPointSize() - 1));
+    dc.SetFont(label_font);
+
+    const wxString axis_y_title = _L("Material Ratio");
+    const wxString axis_x_title = _L("Model Height");
+    const wxString pct_text     = wxT("100%");
+    const wxSize   x_title_sz   = dc.GetTextExtent(axis_x_title);
+    const wxSize   y_title_sz   = dc.GetTextExtent(axis_y_title);
+
+    wxFont strong_font = label_font;
+    strong_font.SetWeight(wxFONTWEIGHT_SEMIBOLD);
+    dc.SetFont(strong_font);
+    const wxSize pct_text_sz = dc.GetTextExtent(pct_text);
+    dc.SetFont(label_font);
+
+    // Axes (grey 700) with filled triangle arrows. Y-axis extends above the plot top to the
+    // canvas top edge; X-axis extends past the plot right toward the canvas right edge.
+    const int arrow_half = FromDIP(kAxisArrowHalf);
+    const int arrow_len  = FromDIP(kAxisArrowLen);
+    const wxSize sz      = GetClientSize();
+    dc.SetPen(wxPen(axis_color, kStrokeAxis));
+    dc.SetBrush(wxBrush(axis_color));
+
+    // Y-axis: vertical line at plot_left, from arrow tip near canvas top down to plot bottom.
+    const int y_axis_x   = rc.x;
+    const int y_title_pct_gap = FromDIP(1);
+    const int y_title_bottom_pad = FromDIP(2);
+    const int y_title_y = std::max(0, rc.y - y_title_sz.y - y_title_pct_gap - pct_text_sz.y - y_title_bottom_pad);
+    const int y_arrow_tip_y = y_title_y;
+    const int y_arrow_ty = y_arrow_tip_y + arrow_len;
+    dc.DrawLine(y_axis_x, y_arrow_ty, y_axis_x, rc.y + rc.height);
+    {
+        wxPoint tri[3] = {
+            wxPoint(y_axis_x,              y_arrow_tip_y),
+            wxPoint(y_axis_x - arrow_half, y_arrow_ty),
+            wxPoint(y_axis_x + arrow_half, y_arrow_ty),
+        };
+        dc.DrawPolygon(3, tri);
+    }
+
+    // X-axis arrow tip: stays just past the plot ideally, but is clamped so the trailing
+    // "Material Ratio" label still fits inside the canvas without overlapping the arrow.
+    const int x_axis_y       = rc.y + rc.height;
+    const int x_label_gap    = FromDIP(4);
+    const int x_edge_pad     = FromDIP(6);
+    const int x_arrow_ideal  = rc.x + rc.width + FromDIP(10);
+    const int x_arrow_max    = sz.x - x_title_sz.x - x_label_gap - x_edge_pad - arrow_len;
+    const int x_arrow_tx     = std::max(rc.x + rc.width + arrow_len,
+                                        std::min(x_arrow_ideal, x_arrow_max));
+    const int x_arrow_tip_x  = x_arrow_tx + arrow_len;
+    const int x_title_x      = x_arrow_tip_x + x_label_gap;
+    dc.DrawLine(rc.x, x_axis_y, x_arrow_tx, x_axis_y);
+    {
+        wxPoint tri[3] = {
+            wxPoint(x_arrow_tip_x,          x_axis_y),
+            wxPoint(x_arrow_tx,             x_axis_y - arrow_half),
+            wxPoint(x_arrow_tx,             x_axis_y + arrow_half),
+        };
+        dc.DrawPolygon(3, tri);
+    }
+
+    // Labels.
+    // "Model Height" and "100%" share the same left x; the gap is larger than the
+    // axis-arrow half-base so the text never visually touches the Y-axis arrow.
+    const int label_left_x = y_axis_x + FromDIP(10);
+    dc.SetTextForeground(label_muted);
+    dc.DrawText(axis_y_title, label_left_x, y_title_y);
+
+    dc.SetFont(strong_font);
+    dc.SetTextForeground(label_strong);
+    dc.DrawText(pct_text, label_left_x, y_title_y + y_title_sz.y + y_title_pct_gap);
+
+    // Bottom-right "100%" sits under the right end of the plot; "Material Ratio" follows the
+    // X-axis arrow tip (placement was already clamped above to leave room).
+    dc.DrawText(pct_text, rc.x + rc.width - pct_text_sz.x, x_axis_y);
+    dc.SetFont(label_font);
+    dc.SetTextForeground(label_muted);
+    dc.DrawText(axis_x_title, x_title_x, x_axis_y - x_title_sz.y / 2);
+
+    if (m_points.size() < 2)
+        return;
+
+    auto color_for_curve = [&](int curve_idx) -> wxColour {
+        wxColour c = (curve_idx == 0) ? m_color_low : m_color_high;
+        // Transparent filaments (alpha == 0, e.g. #FFFFFF00) would be invisible.
+        // Lift alpha so the curve stays visible while still hinting at transparency.
+        if (c.Alpha() == 0)
+            c.Set(c.Red(), c.Green(), c.Blue(), 150);
+        return c;
+    };
+
+    auto build_polyline = [&](int curve_idx) -> std::vector<wxPoint> {
+        const int samples = std::max(128, rc.width * 2);
+        std::vector<wxPoint> poly;
+        poly.reserve(samples + 1);
+        for (int s = 0; s <= samples; ++s) {
+            const double x  = double(s) / samples;
+            const double y0 = sample_curve_y(x);
+            const double vy = to_visual_y(curve_idx, y0);
+            poly.push_back(data_to_px(x, vy));
+        }
+        return poly;
+    };
+
+    auto draw_polyline = [&](const std::vector<wxPoint>& poly, const wxColour& col, int stroke_dip) {
+        dc.SetPen(wxPen(col, FromDIP(stroke_dip)));
+        dc.DrawLines(static_cast<int>(poly.size()), poly.data());
+    };
+
+    // Outline only when the curve color is perceptually close to the background; otherwise
+    // the plain filament color reads fine and the extra stroke would look heavy.
+    // Outline tone is intentionally softer than axis_color so it disambiguates the curve
+    // from the bg without competing with the structural axis/grid: light mode uses a pale
+    // grey, dark mode uses a slightly-above-bg grey (gDarkColors has no entry for these).
+    const wxColour outline_color = wxGetApp().dark_mode()
+        ? wxColour(90,  90,  94)    // > bg #2B2B2B, < axis #818183
+        : wxColour(200, 200, 200);  // > grid #EEEEEE, < axis #6B6B6B
+    auto needs_outline = [&](const wxColour& c) {
+        return calc_color_distance(c, bg) < kBgSimilarThreshold;
+    };
+
+    auto draw_one = [&](int curve_idx, int stroke_dip) {
+        const auto       poly = build_polyline(curve_idx);
+        const wxColour   col  = color_for_curve(curve_idx);
+        if (needs_outline(col))
+            draw_polyline(poly, outline_color, stroke_dip + kOutlineExtraDip);
+        draw_polyline(poly, col, stroke_dip);
+    };
+
+    // Draw unselected first so the selected curve sits on top.
+    const int other = 1 - m_selected_curve;
+    draw_one(other,            kStrokeUnselected);
+    draw_one(m_selected_curve, kStrokeSelected);
+
+    // Control points (selected curve only): hollow circle with axis-color border, theme-aware fill.
+    const int r = FromDIP(kPointRadius);
+    dc.SetPen(wxPen(axis_color, 1));
+    dc.SetBrush(wxBrush(point_fill));
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < m_points.size(); ++i) {
+        const double vy = to_visual_y(m_selected_curve, m_points[i].y);
+        const wxPoint p = data_to_px(m_points[i].x, vy);
+        dc.DrawCircle(p.x, p.y, r);
+    }
+}
+
+void GradientCurveEditor::on_left_down(wxMouseEvent& evt)
+{
+    const wxPoint pos = evt.GetPosition();
+    m_dragged_moved = false;
+
+    // 1) Anchor on the selected curve takes precedence over everything else.
+    //    Dragging an anchor resets its tangent overrides so the surrounding curve
+    //    returns to PCHIP-default shape (matches user expectation that pulling an
+    //    anchor "straightens out" the local mess).
+    const int idx = hit_test(pos.x, pos.y);
+    if (idx >= 0) {
+        m_drag_mode = DragMode::Anchor;
+        m_drag_idx  = idx;
+        // Only emit a change event when clearing the tangents actually mutates
+        // the curve. A plain click on an already-default anchor must not trigger
+        // re-slicing through the changed-event listener.
+        const bool had_tangent = std::isfinite(m_points[idx].m_in)
+                              || std::isfinite(m_points[idx].m_out);
+        m_points[idx].m_in  = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+        m_points[idx].m_out = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+        if (!HasCapture())
+            CaptureMouse();
+        Refresh();
+        if (had_tangent)
+            emit_changed();
+        return;
+    }
+
+    // 2) Line-body hit. Determine which curve and which segment.
+    int seg = -1;
+    const int curve_hit = hit_test_curve(pos.x, pos.y, &seg);
+    if (curve_hit < 0) {
+        m_drag_mode = DragMode::None;
+        evt.Skip();
+        return;
+    }
+
+    // 3) Non-selected curve hit -> switch selection only, no drag arming.
+    if (curve_hit != m_selected_curve) {
+        m_selected_curve = curve_hit;
+        m_drag_mode      = DragMode::None;
+        Refresh();
+        evt.Skip();
+        return;
+    }
+
+    // 4) Selected curve line body hit -> insert a new anchor at cursor x (snapped
+    //    to the current smooth curve so the initial click is visually invisible)
+    //    and immediately enter Anchor drag mode. PS Curves style: the drag-bend
+    //    interaction has no separate "bend without anchor" mode; pressing and
+    //    dragging on the line is equivalent to clicking to add then dragging the
+    //    fresh anchor. Trades the previous (failed) "no anchor on drag" promise
+    //    for genuine cursor tracking, since a single cubic between two existing
+    //    anchors mathematically cannot put its peak under an off-center cursor.
+    double nx = 0, dummy = 0;
+    px_to_data(pos.x, pos.y, nx, dummy);
+    if (nx <= 0.0 || nx >= 1.0 || seg < 0) {
+        m_drag_mode = DragMode::None;
+        evt.Skip();
+        return;
+    }
+    GradientAnchor a;
+    a.x = nx;
+    a.y = sample_curve_y(nx);
+    const size_t insert_idx = static_cast<size_t>(seg) + 1;
+    m_points.insert(m_points.begin() + insert_idx, a);
+
+    m_drag_mode = DragMode::Anchor;
+    m_drag_idx  = static_cast<int>(insert_idx);
+    if (!HasCapture())
+        CaptureMouse();
+    Refresh();
+    emit_changed();
+}
+
+void GradientCurveEditor::on_left_up(wxMouseEvent& evt)
+{
+    if (HasCapture())
+        ReleaseMouse();
+
+    // Anchor mode (either an existing anchor or one freshly inserted by on_left_down)
+    // already fired emit_changed on mouse_down; only fire again here if the user
+    // actually dragged so the slicer doesn't re-run on a pure click.
+    if (m_drag_mode == DragMode::Anchor && m_dragged_moved)
+        emit_changed();
+
+    m_drag_mode     = DragMode::None;
+    m_drag_idx      = -1;
+    m_dragged_moved = false;
+    (void)evt;
+}
+
+void GradientCurveEditor::on_right_down(wxMouseEvent& evt)
+{
+    const wxPoint pos = evt.GetPosition();
+    const int idx = hit_test(pos.x, pos.y);
+    if (idx > 0 && static_cast<size_t>(idx) + 1 < m_points.size()) {
+        // Interior anchor on the selected curve -> delete it. Endpoints stay locked.
+        m_points.erase(m_points.begin() + idx);
+        Refresh();
+        emit_changed();
+        return;
+    }
+    // Right-click on the non-selected curve switches selection (never deletes).
+    const int curve_hit = hit_test_curve(pos.x, pos.y);
+    if (curve_hit >= 0 && curve_hit != m_selected_curve) {
+        m_selected_curve = curve_hit;
+        Refresh();
+        return;
+    }
+    evt.Skip();
+}
+
+void GradientCurveEditor::on_motion(wxMouseEvent& evt)
+{
+    if (!evt.LeftIsDown() || m_drag_mode != DragMode::Anchor) {
+        evt.Skip();
+        return;
+    }
+    if (static_cast<size_t>(m_drag_idx) >= m_points.size())
+        return;
+
+    const wxPoint pos = evt.GetPosition();
+    double nx = 0, vy = 0;
+    px_to_data(pos.x, pos.y, nx, vy);
+
+    auto& p = m_points[m_drag_idx];
+    const bool is_first = (m_drag_idx == 0);
+    const bool is_last  = (static_cast<size_t>(m_drag_idx) + 1 == m_points.size());
+
+    // Endpoints stay locked at x=0 / x=1; interior anchors clamp into
+    // (left_neighbor.x, right_neighbor.x) so they can't cross or coincide.
+    if (!is_first && !is_last) {
+        const double xl = m_points[m_drag_idx - 1].x;
+        const double xr = m_points[m_drag_idx + 1].x;
+        const double eps = 1e-4;
+        nx = std::max(xl + eps, std::min(xr - eps, nx));
+        p.x = nx;
+    }
+    // y is constrained to the reserved blend band so neither component ever
+    // reaches 0% / 100%, matching the sampler's clamp.
+    p.y = std::max(kGradientMinRatio,
+                   std::min(kGradientMaxRatio, to_stored_y(m_selected_curve, vy)));
+    m_dragged_moved = true;
+    Refresh();
+}
+
+void GradientCurveEditor::on_leave(wxMouseEvent& evt)
+{
+    evt.Skip();
+}
+
+void GradientCurveEditor::on_size(wxSizeEvent& evt)
+{
+    Refresh();
+    evt.Skip();
+}
+
+} // namespace GUI
+} // namespace Slic3r
diff --git a/src/slic3r/GUI/GradientCurveEditor.hpp b/src/slic3r/GUI/GradientCurveEditor.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8412db3df2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/slic3r/GUI/GradientCurveEditor.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,115 @@
+#ifndef slic3r_GradientCurveEditor_hpp_
+#define slic3r_GradientCurveEditor_hpp_
+
+#include <vector>
+#include <wx/colour.h>
+#include <wx/event.h>
+#include <wx/gdicmn.h>
+#include <wx/panel.h>
+
+#include "libslic3r/FilamentMixer.hpp"
+
+namespace Slic3r {
+namespace GUI {
+
+// Photoshop-style curve editor for "Z progress -> first-component ratio" mapping.
+// Curve evaluation uses cubic Hermite with PCHIP defaults plus optional per-anchor
+// tangent overrides (m_in / m_out, NaN = use PCHIP default). The same evaluator
+// (FilamentMixer::sample_gradient_curve) is shared with the slicing backend so what
+// the editor renders matches the G-code output 1:1.
+//
+// Interaction model (PS Curves style):
+//   - Click or press-and-drag on the line body inserts a new anchor at the cursor x
+//     (snapped to the current smooth curve, NaN tangents) and starts dragging it.
+//     A pure click leaves an anchor sitting exactly on the previous curve shape; a
+//     drag moves the new anchor freely so the bump follows the cursor 1:1.
+//   - Dragging an existing anchor moves (x, y) and clears its m_in / m_out so the
+//     local curve returns to the PCHIP default shape around it.
+//   - Right-click on an interior anchor deletes it; endpoints stay locked.
+class GradientCurveEditor : public wxPanel
+{
+public:
+    using PointList = std::vector<GradientAnchor>;
+
+    GradientCurveEditor(wxWindow* parent,
+                        const wxColour& color_low  = wxColour(217, 217, 217),
+                        const wxColour& color_high = wxColour(217, 217, 217));
+
+    // Replace the entire point list. The widget enforces x in [0,1], y in [0,1],
+    // sorts by x, and clamps the first / last x to 0 / 1. Tangent overrides are
+    // preserved as-is (NaN entries continue to use PCHIP defaults).
+    void set_points(const PointList& pts);
+    const PointList& get_points() const { return m_points; }
+
+    void set_colors(const wxColour& color_low, const wxColour& color_high);
+
+    // Which curve currently responds to drag / add / delete and is drawn with the thick stroke.
+    // 0 = first component (color_low), 1 = second component (color_high). Storage layer is
+    // unaffected: m_points always represents component 0's ratio.
+    void set_selected_curve(int curve_idx);
+    int  get_selected_curve() const { return m_selected_curve; }
+
+    // Reset to a two-point linear curve from y0 at t=0 to y1 at t=1.
+    // Clears all tangent overrides.
+    void reset_to_linear(double y0, double y1);
+    // Flip the curve top to bottom (all y -> 1 - y; tangents negated to mirror shape).
+    void reverse();
+
+private:
+    enum class DragMode {
+        None,    // nothing armed
+        Anchor,  // dragging an anchor (either existing or just inserted from a line hit)
+    };
+
+    void normalize_points();
+    void emit_changed();
+
+    void on_paint(wxPaintEvent& evt);
+    void on_left_down(wxMouseEvent& evt);
+    void on_left_up(wxMouseEvent& evt);
+    void on_right_down(wxMouseEvent& evt);
+    void on_motion(wxMouseEvent& evt);
+    void on_leave(wxMouseEvent& evt);
+    void on_size(wxSizeEvent& evt);
+
+    // Coordinate mapping between data (x, y in [0,1]) and pixels in plot area.
+    wxRect plot_rect() const;
+    wxPoint data_to_px(double x, double y) const;
+    void    px_to_data(int px, int py, double& x, double& y) const;
+    // Anchor hit test for the currently-selected curve (uses translated visual y).
+    int     hit_test(int px, int py) const; // returns point index or -1
+    // Line-body hit test across both curves. Returns 0/1 for which curve was hit, -1 if none.
+    // Prefers the selected curve when both are within threshold. seg_out (when non-null)
+    // receives the left-anchor index of the segment that was hit on the returned curve;
+    // on_left_down uses it to know where in m_points to insert a freshly-added anchor.
+    int     hit_test_curve(int px, int py, int* seg_out = nullptr) const;
+
+    // Sample the curve in stored space (component 0) at x.
+    double sample_curve_y(double x) const;
+
+    // Symmetric translation between visual y (what the user sees / clicks) and stored y
+    // (component 0's ratio in m_points).
+    static double to_stored_y(int curve_idx, double visual_y) {
+        return (curve_idx == 0) ? visual_y : (1.0 - visual_y);
+    }
+    static double to_visual_y(int curve_idx, double stored_y) {
+        return (curve_idx == 0) ? stored_y : (1.0 - stored_y);
+    }
+
+    PointList m_points;
+    wxColour  m_color_low;
+    wxColour  m_color_high;
+
+    int      m_selected_curve = 0;
+    DragMode m_drag_mode      = DragMode::None;
+    int      m_drag_idx       = -1;   // valid when m_drag_mode == Anchor
+    bool     m_dragged_moved  = false;
+};
+
+// Custom event raised when the curve is edited (drag / add / remove / reset / reverse).
+wxDECLARE_EVENT(wxEVT_GRADIENT_CURVE_CHANGED, wxCommandEvent);
+
+} // namespace GUI
+} // namespace Slic3r
+
+#endif // slic3r_GradientCurveEditor_hpp_
diff --git a/src/slic3r/GUI/MainFrame.cpp b/src/slic3r/GUI/MainFrame.cpp
index 3b1cf1dffd..5f7d69244e 100644
--- a/src/slic3r/GUI/MainFrame.cpp
+++ b/src/slic3r/GUI/MainFrame.cpp
@@ -2330,6 +2330,11 @@ bool MainFrame::get_enable_slice_status()
         }
     }
 
+    // A mixed filament whose components were deleted, or whose components disagree in type,
+    // cannot be resolved at slicing time. Block the slice until the user fixes it.
+    if (enable && m_plater->sidebar().has_broken_mixed_filament())
+        enable = false;
+
     BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(info) << __FUNCTION__ << boost::format(": m_slice_select %1%, enable= %2% ")%m_slice_select %enable;
     return enable;
 }
diff --git a/src/slic3r/GUI/MixedFilamentDialog.cpp b/src/slic3r/GUI/MixedFilamentDialog.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..241f051905
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/slic3r/GUI/MixedFilamentDialog.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,1983 @@
+#include "MixedFilamentDialog.hpp"
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <cmath>
+#include <functional>
+#include <map>
+#include <set>
+#include <wx/image.h>
+#include <wx/sizer.h>
+#include <wx/dcclient.h>
+#include <wx/dcbuffer.h>
+#include <wx/dcgraph.h>
+#include <wx/scrolwin.h>
+#include <wx/textctrl.h>
+#include <wx/wrapsizer.h>
+#include <wx/tokenzr.h>
+
+#include "libslic3r/Utils.hpp"
+#include "libslic3r/FilamentMixer.hpp"
+#include "I18N.hpp"
+#include "GUI.hpp"
+#include "GUI_App.hpp"
+#include "GradientCurveEditor.hpp"
+#include "wxExtensions.hpp"
+#include "Tab.hpp"
+#include "libslic3r/Preset.hpp"
+#include "Widgets/Button.hpp"
+#include "Widgets/CheckBox.hpp"
+#include "Widgets/ComboBox.hpp"
+#include "Widgets/DropDown.hpp"
+#include "Widgets/Label.hpp"
+
+namespace Slic3r {
+namespace GUI {
+
+static constexpr int MAX_COMPONENTS = 3;
+static constexpr int MIN_COMPONENT_RATIO = 10;
+
+// Lightweight self-painting label used for both dual-color and triple-color
+// ratio percentage display.  Hover shows a rounded-rect background; click
+// fires wxEVT_LEFT_DOWN which the owning dialog binds to start_ratio_editor.
+class RatioLabelPanel : public wxPanel
+{
+public:
+    RatioLabelPanel(wxWindow* parent)
+        : wxPanel(parent, wxID_ANY, wxDefaultPosition, wxDefaultSize, wxBORDER_NONE)
+    {
+        SetBackgroundStyle(wxBG_STYLE_PAINT);
+        SetCursor(wxCursor(wxCURSOR_HAND));
+        SetToolTip(_L("Click to edit ratio"));
+        SetFont(::Label::Body_10);
+
+        Bind(wxEVT_ENTER_WINDOW, [this](wxMouseEvent& e) { m_hovered = true;  Refresh(); e.Skip(); });
+        Bind(wxEVT_LEAVE_WINDOW, [this](wxMouseEvent& e) { m_hovered = false; Refresh(); e.Skip(); });
+        Bind(wxEVT_PAINT, &RatioLabelPanel::on_paint, this);
+    }
+
+    void SetLabel(const wxString& text) override
+    {
+        if (m_text == text) return;
+        m_text = text;
+        update_best_size();
+        Refresh();
+    }
+    wxString GetLabel() const override { return m_text; }
+
+private:
+    void update_best_size()
+    {
+        wxClientDC dc(this);
+        dc.SetFont(GetFont());
+        wxSize ts = dc.GetTextExtent(m_text);
+        int pad_x = FromDIP(4), pad_y = FromDIP(3);
+        SetMinSize(wxSize(ts.GetWidth() + pad_x * 2, ts.GetHeight() + pad_y * 2));
+        InvalidateBestSize();
+    }
+
+    void on_paint(wxPaintEvent&)
+    {
+        wxBufferedPaintDC dc(this);
+        wxSize sz = GetClientSize();
+
+        wxColour parent_bg = GetParent() ? GetParent()->GetBackgroundColour()
+                                         : StateColor::darkModeColorFor(*wxWHITE);
+        dc.SetBrush(wxBrush(parent_bg));
+        dc.SetPen(*wxTRANSPARENT_PEN);
+        dc.DrawRectangle(0, 0, sz.GetWidth(), sz.GetHeight());
+
+        if (m_hovered) {
+            dc.SetBrush(wxBrush(StateColor::darkModeColorFor(wxColour("#F8F8F8"))));
+            dc.SetPen(wxPen(StateColor::darkModeColorFor(wxColour("#CECECE")), 1));
+            dc.DrawRoundedRectangle(0, 0, sz.GetWidth(), sz.GetHeight(), FromDIP(3));
+        }
+
+        dc.SetFont(GetFont());
+        dc.SetTextForeground(m_hovered ? wxColour("#00AE42")
+                                       : StateColor::darkModeColorFor(wxColour("#262E30")));
+        wxSize ts = dc.GetTextExtent(m_text);
+        int x = (sz.GetWidth()  - ts.GetWidth())  / 2;
+        int y = (sz.GetHeight() - ts.GetHeight()) / 2;
+        dc.DrawText(m_text, x, y);
+    }
+
+    wxString m_text;
+    bool     m_hovered{false};
+};
+
+static wxColour blend_colors(const wxColour& a, const wxColour& b, double ratio_a)
+{
+    unsigned char r, g, bl;
+    Slic3r::filament_mixer_lerp(a.Red(), a.Green(), a.Blue(),
+                                b.Red(), b.Green(), b.Blue(),
+                                static_cast<float>(1.0 - ratio_a),
+                                &r, &g, &bl);
+    return wxColour(r, g, bl);
+}
+
+static wxColour blend_n_colors(const std::vector<wxColour>& cols, const std::vector<double>& weights)
+{
+    std::vector<std::string> hex_colors;
+    std::vector<int> int_weights;
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < cols.size() && i < weights.size(); ++i) {
+        hex_colors.push_back(cols[i].GetAsString(wxC2S_HTML_SYNTAX).ToStdString());
+        // Scale double weights (e.g. 0.5) to int (5000) for blend_color_multi;
+        // only relative magnitude matters.
+        int_weights.push_back(static_cast<int>(std::lround(weights[i] * 10000)));
+    }
+    std::string hex = Slic3r::blend_color_multi(hex_colors, int_weights);
+    return wxColour(hex);
+}
+
+// ---- Constructors ----
+
+MixedFilamentDialog::MixedFilamentDialog(wxWindow* parent,
+                                         const std::vector<std::string>& physical_colors,
+                                         const std::vector<std::string>& physical_names,
+                                         const std::vector<std::string>& physical_types)
+    : DPIDialog(parent, wxID_ANY, _L("Add Mixed Filament"), wxDefaultPosition,
+                wxDefaultSize, wxCAPTION | wxCLOSE_BOX)
+    , m_edit_mode(false)
+    , m_physical_colors(physical_colors)
+    , m_physical_names(physical_names)
+    , m_physical_types(physical_types)
+{
+    m_result.components = {1, (physical_colors.size() >= 2) ? 2u : 1u};
+    m_result.ratios     = {50, 50};
+    build_ui();
+    wxGetApp().UpdateDlgDarkUI(this);
+
+    wxImage img;
+    if (img.LoadFile(from_u8(Slic3r::var("mixed_filament_preview_twocolor.png")), wxBITMAP_TYPE_PNG))
+        m_preview_bmp_two = wxBitmap(img);
+    if (img.LoadFile(from_u8(Slic3r::var("mixed_filament_preview_threecolor.png")), wxBITMAP_TYPE_PNG))
+        m_preview_bmp_three = wxBitmap(img);
+}
+
+MixedFilamentDialog::MixedFilamentDialog(wxWindow* parent,
+                                         const MixedFilamentResult& existing,
+                                         const std::vector<std::string>& physical_colors,
+                                         const std::vector<std::string>& physical_names,
+                                         const std::vector<std::string>& physical_types)
+    : DPIDialog(parent, wxID_ANY, _L("Edit Mixed Filament"), wxDefaultPosition,
+                wxDefaultSize, wxCAPTION | wxCLOSE_BOX)
+    , m_result(existing)
+    , m_edit_mode(true)
+    , m_physical_colors(physical_colors)
+    , m_physical_names(physical_names)
+    , m_physical_types(physical_types)
+{
+    if (m_result.components.size() < 2) {
+        m_result.components = {1, (physical_colors.size() >= 2) ? 2u : 1u};
+        m_result.ratios     = {50, 50};
+    }
+    if (m_result.ratios.size() >= 3) {
+        int sum = 0;
+        for (int r : m_result.ratios) sum += r;
+        if (sum > 0) {
+            m_tri_wx = (double)m_result.ratios[0] / sum;
+            m_tri_wy = (double)m_result.ratios[1] / sum;
+            m_tri_wz = (double)m_result.ratios[2] / sum;
+        }
+    }
+    build_ui();
+    wxGetApp().UpdateDlgDarkUI(this);
+
+    wxImage img;
+    if (img.LoadFile(from_u8(Slic3r::var("mixed_filament_preview_twocolor.png")), wxBITMAP_TYPE_PNG))
+        m_preview_bmp_two = wxBitmap(img);
+    if (img.LoadFile(from_u8(Slic3r::var("mixed_filament_preview_threecolor.png")), wxBITMAP_TYPE_PNG))
+        m_preview_bmp_three = wxBitmap(img);
+}
+
+void MixedFilamentDialog::on_dpi_changed(const wxRect&)
+{
+    int h = (num_components() >= 3) ? FromDIP(680) : FromDIP(580);
+    SetSize(FromDIP(439), h);
+    Refresh();
+}
+
+wxColour MixedFilamentDialog::comp_colour(size_t i) const
+{
+    unsigned int c = comp(i);
+    if (c >= 1 && c <= m_physical_colors.size())
+        return wxColour(m_physical_colors[c - 1]);
+    return wxColour("#D9D9D9");
+}
+
+static wxBitmap make_alpha_bitmap(int w, int h,
+                                  const std::function<void(wxDC& dc)>& draw_fn)
+{
+    wxBitmap bmp(w, h);
+    wxMemoryDC memdc;
+#ifdef __WXOSX__
+    bmp.UseAlpha();
+    memdc.SelectObject(bmp);
+#else
+    {
+        wxImage img(w, h);
+        img.InitAlpha();
+        memset(img.GetAlpha(), 0, w * h);
+        bmp = wxBitmap(std::move(img));
+    }
+    memdc.SelectObject(bmp);
+#endif
+    {
+#ifdef __WXMSW__
+        wxGCDC dc(memdc);
+#else
+        wxDC& dc = memdc;
+#endif
+        draw_fn(dc);
+    }
+    memdc.SelectObject(wxNullBitmap);
+    return bmp;
+}
+
+wxBitmap MixedFilamentDialog::make_swatch_bitmap(size_t idx)
+{
+    int swatch_sz = FromDIP(20);
+    int pad_left  = FromDIP(2);
+    int pad_right = FromDIP(6);
+    int bmp_w = pad_left + swatch_sz + pad_right;
+    int bmp_h = swatch_sz;
+
+    // Reuse the sidebar clr_picker swatch (get_extruder_color_icon) so the
+    // checkerboard (transparent.svg tiling), border and label style match the
+    // sidebar exactly, instead of a self-drawn rounded rect / programmatic grid.
+    std::string color_hex = "#D9D9D9";
+    if (idx < m_physical_colors.size())
+        color_hex = m_physical_colors[idx];
+    std::string label = std::to_string(idx + 1);
+
+    wxBitmap* icon = get_extruder_color_icon(color_hex, label, swatch_sz, swatch_sz);
+
+    return make_alpha_bitmap(bmp_w, bmp_h, [&](wxDC& dc) {
+        if (icon && icon->IsOk())
+            dc.DrawBitmap(*icon, pad_left, 0);
+    });
+}
+
+void MixedFilamentDialog::reset_manual_ratio_state()
+{
+    m_ratio_manual_order.clear();
+    if (m_ratio_editor_panel)
+        m_ratio_editor_panel->Hide();
+    // Restore any label hidden by an in-flight editor so it can never be left
+    // permanently invisible if the editor is dismissed without a commit.
+    if (m_ratio_editor_anchor) {
+        m_ratio_editor_anchor->Show();
+        m_ratio_editor_anchor = nullptr;
+    }
+}
+
+void MixedFilamentDialog::refresh_ratio_labels()
+{
+    if (m_label_ratio_a)
+        m_label_ratio_a->SetLabel(wxString::Format(wxT("%d%%"), ratio(0)));
+    if (m_label_ratio_b)
+        m_label_ratio_b->SetLabel(wxString::Format(wxT("%d%%"), ratio(1)));
+    if (m_ratio_sizer)
+        m_ratio_sizer->Layout();
+    if (m_triangle_panel)
+        m_triangle_panel->Refresh();
+}
+
+void MixedFilamentDialog::sync_triangle_weights_from_ratios()
+{
+    if (m_result.ratios.size() < 3)
+        return;
+
+    int sum = 0;
+    for (int r : m_result.ratios)
+        sum += r;
+    if (sum <= 0)
+        return;
+
+    m_tri_wx = (double)m_result.ratios[0] / sum;
+    m_tri_wy = (double)m_result.ratios[1] / sum;
+    m_tri_wz = (double)m_result.ratios[2] / sum;
+}
+
+void MixedFilamentDialog::apply_manual_ratio(size_t idx, int value)
+{
+    const size_t n = num_components();
+    if (idx >= n)
+        return;
+    if (m_result.ratios.size() != n)
+        m_result.ratios.assign(n, n > 0 ? 100 / (int)n : 0);
+    bool manual_stale = false;
+    for (size_t o : m_ratio_manual_order) {
+        if (o >= n) { manual_stale = true; break; }
+    }
+    if (manual_stale)
+        reset_manual_ratio_state();
+
+    int max_value = (int)(100 - (n - 1) * MIN_COMPONENT_RATIO);
+    value = std::clamp(value, MIN_COMPONENT_RATIO, std::max(MIN_COMPONENT_RATIO, max_value));
+
+    if (n == 2) {
+        if (idx == 0) {
+            m_result.ratios[0] = value;
+            m_result.ratios[1] = 100 - value;
+        } else {
+            m_result.ratios[1] = value;
+            m_result.ratios[0] = 100 - value;
+        }
+        m_result.ratios[0] = std::clamp(m_result.ratios[0], MIN_COMPONENT_RATIO, 100 - MIN_COMPONENT_RATIO);
+        m_result.ratios[1] = 100 - m_result.ratios[0];
+    } else if (n >= 3) {
+        m_result.ratios[idx] = value;
+        int remaining = 100 - value;
+
+        std::vector<size_t> others;
+        int others_sum = 0;
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
+            if (i == idx) continue;
+            others.push_back(i);
+            others_sum += m_result.ratios[i];
+        }
+
+        if (!others.empty()) {
+            if (others_sum > 0) {
+                int assigned = 0;
+                for (size_t k = 0; k < others.size(); ++k) {
+                    int nv = (int)((double)remaining * m_result.ratios[others[k]] / others_sum + 0.5);
+                    nv = std::max(nv, MIN_COMPONENT_RATIO);
+                    m_result.ratios[others[k]] = nv;
+                    assigned += nv;
+                }
+                while (assigned != remaining) {
+                    if (assigned > remaining) {
+                        int pick = -1;
+                        for (size_t k = 0; k < others.size(); ++k)
+                            if (m_result.ratios[others[k]] > MIN_COMPONENT_RATIO
+                                && (pick < 0 || m_result.ratios[others[k]] > m_result.ratios[others[pick]]))
+                                pick = (int)k;
+                        if (pick < 0) break;
+                        --m_result.ratios[others[pick]]; --assigned;
+                    } else {
+                        int pick = 0;
+                        for (size_t k = 1; k < others.size(); ++k)
+                            if (m_result.ratios[others[k]] > m_result.ratios[others[pick]])
+                                pick = (int)k;
+                        ++m_result.ratios[others[pick]]; ++assigned;
+                    }
+                }
+            } else {
+                int base = remaining / (int)others.size();
+                for (size_t k = 0; k < others.size(); ++k)
+                    m_result.ratios[others[k]] = base;
+                m_result.ratios[others.back()] += remaining - base * (int)others.size();
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    refresh_ratio_labels();
+    sync_triangle_weights_from_ratios();
+    update_preview();
+}
+
+void MixedFilamentDialog::apply_dragged_triangle_ratio(int r0, int r1, int r2)
+{
+    if (m_result.ratios.size() < 3)
+        return;
+
+    int ratios[3] = {
+        std::clamp(r0, MIN_COMPONENT_RATIO, 100),
+        std::clamp(r1, MIN_COMPONENT_RATIO, 100),
+        std::clamp(r2, MIN_COMPONENT_RATIO, 100)
+    };
+
+    int sum = ratios[0] + ratios[1] + ratios[2];
+    while (sum > 100) {
+        int idx = 0;
+        for (int i = 1; i < 3; ++i) {
+            if (ratios[i] > ratios[idx])
+                idx = i;
+        }
+        if (ratios[idx] <= MIN_COMPONENT_RATIO)
+            break;
+        --ratios[idx];
+        --sum;
+    }
+    while (sum < 100) {
+        int idx = 0;
+        for (int i = 1; i < 3; ++i) {
+            if (ratios[i] < ratios[idx])
+                idx = i;
+        }
+        ++ratios[idx];
+        ++sum;
+    }
+
+    m_result.ratios[0] = ratios[0];
+    m_result.ratios[1] = ratios[1];
+    m_result.ratios[2] = ratios[2];
+    sync_triangle_weights_from_ratios();
+    reset_manual_ratio_state();
+    update_preview();
+}
+
+void MixedFilamentDialog::start_ratio_editor(size_t idx, wxWindow* anchor, const wxRect& anchor_rect)
+{
+    if (!anchor || idx >= m_result.ratios.size())
+        return;
+    if (m_ratio_editor_panel && m_ratio_editor_panel->IsShown())
+        commit_ratio_editor(true);
+
+    if (!m_ratio_editor_panel) {
+        wxColour bg = StateColor::darkModeColorFor(wxColour("#F8F8F8"));
+        wxColour fg = StateColor::darkModeColorFor(wxColour("#262E30"));
+
+        m_ratio_editor_panel = new wxPanel(this, wxID_ANY, wxDefaultPosition,
+                                           wxDefaultSize, wxBORDER_SIMPLE);
+        m_ratio_editor_panel->SetBackgroundColour(bg);
+
+        auto* hsizer = new wxBoxSizer(wxHORIZONTAL);
+
+        m_ratio_editor = new wxTextCtrl(m_ratio_editor_panel, wxID_ANY, wxEmptyString,
+                                        wxDefaultPosition, wxDefaultSize,
+                                        wxTE_PROCESS_ENTER | wxTE_RIGHT | wxBORDER_NONE);
+        m_ratio_editor->SetFont(::Label::Body_10);
+        m_ratio_editor->SetMaxLength(3);
+        m_ratio_editor->SetBackgroundColour(bg);
+        m_ratio_editor->SetForegroundColour(fg);
+        // Default wxTextCtrl best width (~140px) is too wide for the sizer to
+        // shrink, which would push the "%" suffix out of the panel.  Cap the
+        // editor's min width to the digits only (ratios are always two digits).
+        {
+            wxClientDC mdc(m_ratio_editor);
+            mdc.SetFont(::Label::Body_10);
+            int digits_w = mdc.GetTextExtent(wxT("88")).GetWidth();
+            m_ratio_editor->SetMinSize(wxSize(digits_w + FromDIP(2), -1));
+        }
+
+        auto* pct_label = new wxStaticText(m_ratio_editor_panel, wxID_ANY, wxT("%"));
+        pct_label->SetFont(::Label::Body_10);
+        pct_label->SetForegroundColour(fg);
+        pct_label->SetBackgroundColour(bg);
+        pct_label->SetMinSize(pct_label->GetBestSize());
+
+        hsizer->Add(m_ratio_editor, 1, wxALIGN_CENTER_VERTICAL | wxLEFT, FromDIP(2));
+        hsizer->Add(pct_label, 0, wxALIGN_CENTER_VERTICAL | wxRIGHT, FromDIP(2));
+        m_ratio_editor_panel->SetSizer(hsizer);
+        m_ratio_editor_panel->Hide();
+
+        m_ratio_editor->Bind(wxEVT_TEXT_ENTER, [this](wxCommandEvent&) { commit_ratio_editor(true); });
+        m_ratio_editor->Bind(wxEVT_KILL_FOCUS, [this](wxFocusEvent& e) {
+            commit_ratio_editor(true);
+            e.Skip();
+        });
+        m_ratio_editor->Bind(wxEVT_CHAR_HOOK, [this](wxKeyEvent& e) {
+            if (e.GetKeyCode() == WXK_ESCAPE)
+                commit_ratio_editor(false);
+            else
+                e.Skip();
+        });
+    }
+
+    m_ratio_editor_idx = idx;
+
+    // Keep the editor in the same window hierarchy as the clicked label so the
+    // z-order is reliable and the editor fully covers the anchor (dual-color
+    // labels live on the dialog, triple-color labels live on the triangle
+    // panel).
+    wxWindow* target_parent = anchor->GetParent();
+    if (target_parent && m_ratio_editor_panel->GetParent() != target_parent)
+        m_ratio_editor_panel->Reparent(target_parent);
+
+    // Hide the label being edited to avoid its (hover-state) text leaking out
+    // next to the editor; restored on commit.
+    m_ratio_editor_anchor = anchor;
+    anchor->Hide();
+
+    wxPoint pos = anchor->GetPosition() + anchor_rect.GetTopLeft();
+    // Match the editor to the label (hover box) size so the inline editor and
+    // the hover state look identical.  A small floor keeps the "%" suffix from
+    // being squeezed out on very narrow labels.
+    wxSize size = anchor->GetSize();
+    size.SetWidth(std::max(size.GetWidth(), FromDIP(30)));
+    size.SetHeight(std::max(size.GetHeight(), FromDIP(18)));
+    m_ratio_editor_panel->SetSize(wxRect(pos, size));
+    m_ratio_editor_panel->Layout();
+    m_ratio_editor->SetValue(wxString::Format(wxT("%d"), ratio(idx)));
+    m_ratio_editor_panel->Show();
+    m_ratio_editor_panel->Raise();
+    m_ratio_editor->SetFocus();
+    m_ratio_editor->SelectAll();
+    m_ratio_editor_panel->Refresh();
+    Update();
+}
+
+void MixedFilamentDialog::commit_ratio_editor(bool apply)
+{
+    if (!m_ratio_editor_panel || !m_ratio_editor_panel->IsShown() || m_ratio_editor_committing)
+        return;
+
+    m_ratio_editor_committing = true;
+
+    // Restore the hidden anchor before applying the ratio, so any sizer layout
+    // triggered by refresh_ratio_labels() accounts for the visible label.
+    m_ratio_editor_panel->Hide();
+    if (m_ratio_editor_anchor) {
+        m_ratio_editor_anchor->Show();
+        m_ratio_editor_anchor = nullptr;
+    }
+
+    if (apply) {
+        wxString value = m_ratio_editor->GetValue();
+        value.Trim(true);
+        value.Trim(false);
+        if (value.EndsWith(wxT("%")))
+            value.RemoveLast();
+
+        long parsed = 0;
+        if (value.ToLong(&parsed))
+            apply_manual_ratio(m_ratio_editor_idx, (int)parsed);
+        else
+            refresh_ratio_labels();
+    }
+
+    m_ratio_editor_committing = false;
+}
+
+void MixedFilamentDialog::commit_ratio_editor_from_background(wxMouseEvent& e)
+{
+    if (m_ratio_editor_panel && m_ratio_editor_panel->IsShown()) {
+        wxPoint mouse_in_panel = m_ratio_editor_panel->ScreenToClient(wxGetMousePosition());
+        if (!m_ratio_editor_panel->GetClientRect().Contains(mouse_in_panel))
+            commit_ratio_editor(true);
+    }
+    e.Skip();
+}
+
+// ---- UI Construction ----
+
+void MixedFilamentDialog::build_ui()
+{
+    const wxColour mc_bg       = StateColor::darkModeColorFor(*wxWHITE);
+    const wxColour mc_bg_sub   = StateColor::darkModeColorFor(wxColour("#F8F8F8"));
+    const wxColour mc_border   = StateColor::darkModeColorFor(wxColour("#CECECE"));
+    const wxColour mc_text     = StateColor::darkModeColorFor(wxColour("#262E30"));
+    const wxColour mc_dim_text = StateColor::darkModeColorFor(wxColour("#ACACAC"));
+
+    SetBackgroundColour(mc_bg);
+    Bind(wxEVT_LEFT_DOWN, &MixedFilamentDialog::commit_ratio_editor_from_background, this);
+    SetSize(FromDIP(439), FromDIP(580));
+
+    auto* main_sizer = new wxBoxSizer(wxVERTICAL);
+
+    auto* top_sizer = new wxBoxSizer(wxHORIZONTAL);
+    top_sizer->Add(create_preview_panel(), 0, wxALL, FromDIP(20));
+
+    m_right_sizer = new wxBoxSizer(wxVERTICAL);
+    m_right_sizer->Add(create_material_selection(), 0, wxEXPAND);
+    m_right_sizer->Add(create_gradient_section(), 0, wxEXPAND | wxTOP, FromDIP(7));
+
+    m_ratio_sizer = create_ratio_slider();
+    m_right_sizer->Add(m_ratio_sizer, 0, wxEXPAND | wxTOP, FromDIP(7));
+
+    m_triangle_sizer = create_triangle_picker();
+    m_right_sizer->Add(m_triangle_sizer, 0, wxALIGN_CENTER_HORIZONTAL | wxTOP, FromDIP(7));
+
+    top_sizer->Add(m_right_sizer, 1, wxTOP | wxRIGHT | wxBOTTOM, FromDIP(20));
+    main_sizer->Add(top_sizer, 0, wxEXPAND);
+
+    main_sizer->Add(create_recommendation_grid(), 1, wxEXPAND | wxLEFT | wxRIGHT, FromDIP(25));
+
+    // Warning panel: red bordered box with exclamation icon + text
+    m_warning_sizer = new wxBoxSizer(wxVERTICAL);
+    m_warning_panel = new wxPanel(this, wxID_ANY, wxDefaultPosition, wxSize(-1, FromDIP(48)));
+    m_warning_panel->SetMinSize(wxSize(-1, FromDIP(48)));
+    m_warning_panel->SetBackgroundStyle(wxBG_STYLE_PAINT);
+    m_warning_panel->Bind(wxEVT_PAINT, &MixedFilamentDialog::paint_warning_panel, this);
+    m_warning_sizer->Add(m_warning_panel, 0, wxEXPAND);
+    main_sizer->Add(m_warning_sizer, 0, wxEXPAND | wxLEFT | wxRIGHT | wxTOP, FromDIP(25));
+    m_warning_panel->Hide();
+
+    main_sizer->Add(create_button_panel(), 0, wxALIGN_RIGHT | wxALL, FromDIP(20));
+
+    SetSizer(main_sizer);
+
+    rebuild_all_combos();
+    update_component_count_ui();
+    update_preview();
+    update_ok_button_state();
+
+    Layout();
+    CentreOnParent();
+}
+
+wxBoxSizer* MixedFilamentDialog::create_preview_panel()
+{
+    auto* sizer = new wxBoxSizer(wxVERTICAL);
+
+    m_preview_canvas = new wxPanel(this, wxID_ANY, wxDefaultPosition, wxSize(FromDIP(129), FromDIP(129)));
+    m_preview_canvas->SetBackgroundStyle(wxBG_STYLE_PAINT);
+
+    m_preview_canvas->Bind(wxEVT_PAINT, [this](wxPaintEvent&) {
+        wxBufferedPaintDC dc(m_preview_canvas);
+        wxSize sz = m_preview_canvas->GetClientSize();
+        size_t n = num_components();
+
+        dc.SetBrush(wxBrush(StateColor::darkModeColorFor(*wxWHITE)));
+        dc.SetPen(*wxTRANSPARENT_PEN);
+        dc.DrawRectangle(0, 0, sz.GetWidth(), sz.GetHeight());
+
+        if (n == 0) return;
+
+        int swatch_sz = FromDIP(80);
+        int x0 = (sz.GetWidth() - swatch_sz) / 2;
+        int y0 = (sz.GetHeight() - swatch_sz) / 2;
+        double radius = FromDIP(6);
+
+        if (m_result.gradient_enabled && n == 2) {
+            Slic3r::GradientCurve curve;
+            if (!m_result.gradient_curve.empty()) {
+                curve.points = m_result.gradient_curve;
+            } else {
+                double yStart = (m_result.gradient_direction == 0) ? kGradientMaxRatio : kGradientMinRatio;
+                double yEnd   = (m_result.gradient_direction == 0) ? kGradientMinRatio : kGradientMaxRatio;
+                curve.points = {{0.0, yStart, NAN, NAN}, {1.0, yEnd, NAN, NAN}};
+            }
+
+            wxColour colA = comp_colour(0);
+            wxColour colB = comp_colour(1);
+            const int bands = std::max(80, swatch_sz);
+            double band_h = static_cast<double>(swatch_sz) / bands;
+            dc.SetPen(*wxTRANSPARENT_PEN);
+            for (int b = 0; b < bands; ++b) {
+                double t = 1.0 - (b + 0.5) / bands;
+                double r1 = Slic3r::sample_gradient_curve(curve, t);
+                double r2 = 1.0 - r1;
+                wxColour band_col = blend_n_colors({colA, colB}, {r1, r2});
+                dc.SetBrush(wxBrush(band_col));
+                int by = y0 + static_cast<int>(b * band_h);
+                int bh = static_cast<int>((b + 1) * band_h) - static_cast<int>(b * band_h) + 1;
+                dc.DrawRectangle(x0, by, swatch_sz, bh);
+            }
+
+            // Mask corners: overdraw a thick background-colored rounded rect frame
+            // so the inner edge forms the desired rounded corners.
+            // Known limitation: this assumes the panel background equals
+            // darkModeColorFor(white).  wxGraphicsContext::Clip(path) is not
+            // available in our wxWidgets build (only Clip(wxRegion) exists).
+            int r = static_cast<int>(radius);
+            wxColour bg = StateColor::darkModeColorFor(*wxWHITE);
+            dc.SetBrush(*wxTRANSPARENT_BRUSH);
+            dc.SetPen(wxPen(bg, r * 2));
+            dc.DrawRoundedRectangle(x0 - r, y0 - r, swatch_sz + r * 2, swatch_sz + r * 2, radius * 2);
+        } else {
+            std::vector<wxColour> cols;
+            std::vector<double>   weights;
+            for (size_t i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
+                cols.push_back(comp_colour(i));
+                weights.push_back(ratio(i) / 100.0);
+            }
+            wxColour mixed = blend_n_colors(cols, weights);
+            dc.SetBrush(wxBrush(mixed));
+            dc.SetPen(*wxTRANSPARENT_PEN);
+            dc.DrawRoundedRectangle(x0, y0, swatch_sz, swatch_sz, radius);
+        }
+    });
+
+    sizer->Add(m_preview_canvas, 0, wxALIGN_CENTER);
+
+    auto* label = new wxStaticText(this, wxID_ANY, _L("Effect Preview"));
+    label->SetForegroundColour(wxColour("#909090"));
+    label->SetFont(::Label::Body_13);
+    sizer->Add(label, 0, wxALIGN_CENTER | wxTOP, FromDIP(4));
+
+    return sizer;
+}
+
+wxBoxSizer* MixedFilamentDialog::create_material_selection()
+{
+    auto* sizer = new wxBoxSizer(wxVERTICAL);
+
+    // Summary panel — draws N components dynamically
+    m_summary_panel = new wxPanel(this, wxID_ANY, wxDefaultPosition, wxSize(FromDIP(234), FromDIP(40)));
+    m_summary_panel->SetBackgroundStyle(wxBG_STYLE_PAINT);
+    m_summary_panel->Bind(wxEVT_PAINT, [this](wxPaintEvent&) {
+        wxBufferedPaintDC dc(m_summary_panel);
+        wxSize sz = m_summary_panel->GetClientSize();
+
+        wxColour sum_bg   = StateColor::darkModeColorFor(wxColour("#F8F8F8"));
+        wxColour sum_text = StateColor::darkModeColorFor(wxColour("#262E30"));
+        dc.SetBrush(wxBrush(sum_bg));
+        dc.SetPen(*wxTRANSPARENT_PEN);
+        dc.DrawRectangle(0, 0, sz.GetWidth(), sz.GetHeight());
+
+        int swatch_sz = FromDIP(20);
+        int y_center = (sz.GetHeight() - swatch_sz) / 2;
+        int x = FromDIP(13);
+
+        dc.SetFont(::Label::Body_13);
+
+        auto draw_summary_swatch = [&](size_t comp_idx) {
+            unsigned int c = comp(comp_idx);
+            std::string color_hex = "#D9D9D9";
+            if (c >= 1 && c <= m_physical_colors.size())
+                color_hex = m_physical_colors[c - 1];
+            std::string label = std::to_string(c);
+            wxBitmap* icon = get_extruder_color_icon(color_hex, label, swatch_sz, swatch_sz);
+            if (icon && icon->IsOk())
+                dc.DrawBitmap(*icon, x, y_center);
+            x += swatch_sz + FromDIP(4);
+        };
+
+        if (m_result.gradient_enabled && num_components() == 2) {
+            size_t idx_a = (m_result.gradient_direction == 0) ? 0 : 1;
+            size_t idx_b = 1 - idx_a;
+            draw_summary_swatch(idx_a);
+
+            dc.SetTextForeground(sum_text);
+            wxString arrow = wxT("\u2192");
+            wxSize arrow_sz = dc.GetTextExtent(arrow);
+            dc.DrawText(arrow, x, y_center + (swatch_sz - arrow_sz.GetHeight()) / 2);
+            x += arrow_sz.GetWidth() + FromDIP(4);
+
+            draw_summary_swatch(idx_b);
+        } else {
+            for (size_t i = 0; i < num_components(); ++i) {
+                if (i > 0) {
+                    dc.SetTextForeground(sum_text);
+                    wxString plus = wxT("+");
+                    wxSize plus_sz = dc.GetTextExtent(plus);
+                    dc.DrawText(plus, x, y_center + (swatch_sz - plus_sz.GetHeight()) / 2);
+                    x += plus_sz.GetWidth() + FromDIP(4);
+                }
+                draw_summary_swatch(i);
+
+                dc.SetTextForeground(sum_text);
+                wxString pct = wxString::Format(wxT("%d%%"), ratio(i));
+                wxSize pct_sz = dc.GetTextExtent(pct);
+                dc.DrawText(pct, x, y_center + (swatch_sz - pct_sz.GetHeight()) / 2);
+                x += pct_sz.GetWidth() + FromDIP(4);
+            }
+        }
+    });
+    sizer->Add(m_summary_panel, 0, wxEXPAND);
+
+    auto* sel_label = new wxStaticText(this, wxID_ANY, _L("Select Mixed Materials"));
+    sel_label->SetForegroundColour(wxColour("#909090"));
+    sel_label->SetFont(::Label::Body_12);
+    sizer->Add(sel_label, 0, wxTOP, FromDIP(6));
+
+    m_material_rows_sizer = new wxBoxSizer(wxVERTICAL);
+
+    m_combo_filaments.clear();
+    m_combo_to_physical.clear();
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < m_result.components.size(); ++i) {
+        auto* row = new wxBoxSizer(wxHORIZONTAL);
+        wxString lbl_text = wxString::Format(_L("Filament %d"), (int)(i + 1));
+        auto* lbl = new wxStaticText(this, wxID_ANY, lbl_text);
+        lbl->SetFont(::Label::Body_12);
+        row->Add(lbl, 0, wxALIGN_CENTER_VERTICAL | wxRIGHT, FromDIP(8));
+
+        auto* combo = new ComboBox(this, wxID_ANY, wxEmptyString, wxDefaultPosition,
+                                   wxSize(FromDIP(166), FromDIP(24)), 0, nullptr, wxCB_READONLY);
+        combo->SetKeepDropArrow(true);
+        combo->Bind(wxEVT_COMBOBOX, [this](wxCommandEvent&) { on_filament_changed(); });
+        row->Add(combo, 1, wxALIGN_CENTER_VERTICAL);
+
+        m_combo_filaments.push_back(combo);
+        m_combo_to_physical.push_back({});
+        m_material_rows_sizer->Add(row, 0, wxEXPAND | wxTOP, FromDIP(9));
+    }
+
+    sizer->Add(m_material_rows_sizer, 0, wxEXPAND);
+
+    auto* btn_sizer = new wxBoxSizer(wxHORIZONTAL);
+
+    m_btn_add_material = new Button(this, _L("+ Add Material"));
+    m_btn_add_material->SetBackgroundColor(wxColour("#F8F8F8"));
+    m_btn_add_material->SetBorderColor(wxColour("#EEEEEE"));
+    m_btn_add_material->SetTextColor(wxColour("#262E30"));
+    m_btn_add_material->SetMinSize(wxSize(-1, FromDIP(24)));
+    m_btn_add_material->SetCursor(wxCursor(wxCURSOR_HAND));
+    m_btn_add_material->EnableTooltipEvenDisabled();
+    m_btn_add_material->Bind(wxEVT_BUTTON, [this](wxCommandEvent&) { on_add_material(); });
+    btn_sizer->Add(m_btn_add_material, 1, wxRIGHT, FromDIP(6));
+
+    m_btn_remove_material = new Button(this, _L("- Delete Material"));
+    m_btn_remove_material->SetBackgroundColor(wxColour("#F8F8F8"));
+    m_btn_remove_material->SetBorderColor(wxColour("#EEEEEE"));
+    m_btn_remove_material->SetTextColor(wxColour("#262E30"));
+    m_btn_remove_material->SetMinSize(wxSize(-1, FromDIP(24)));
+    m_btn_remove_material->SetCursor(wxCursor(wxCURSOR_HAND));
+    m_btn_remove_material->Bind(wxEVT_BUTTON, [this](wxCommandEvent&) { on_remove_material(); });
+    m_btn_remove_material->Hide();
+    btn_sizer->Add(m_btn_remove_material, 1, 0, 0);
+
+    sizer->Add(btn_sizer, 0, wxEXPAND | wxTOP, FromDIP(9));
+
+    return sizer;
+}
+
+wxBoxSizer* MixedFilamentDialog::create_ratio_slider()
+{
+    auto* sizer = new wxBoxSizer(wxVERTICAL);
+
+    auto* ratio_label = new wxStaticText(this, wxID_ANY, _L("Ratio"));
+    ratio_label->SetForegroundColour(wxColour("#909090"));
+    ratio_label->SetFont(::Label::Body_12);
+    sizer->Add(ratio_label, 0, wxBOTTOM, FromDIP(4));
+
+    m_ratio_bar = new wxPanel(this, wxID_ANY, wxDefaultPosition, wxSize(-1, FromDIP(27)));
+    m_ratio_bar->SetMinSize(wxSize(-1, FromDIP(27)));
+    m_ratio_bar->SetBackgroundStyle(wxBG_STYLE_PAINT);
+
+    m_ratio_bar->Bind(wxEVT_PAINT, [this](wxPaintEvent&) {
+        wxBufferedPaintDC dc(m_ratio_bar);
+        wxSize sz = m_ratio_bar->GetClientSize();
+
+        wxColour col_a = comp_colour(0), col_b = comp_colour(1);
+
+        for (int x = 0; x < sz.GetWidth(); ++x) {
+            double t = (double)x / sz.GetWidth();
+            wxColour c = blend_colors(col_a, col_b, 1.0 - t);
+            dc.SetPen(wxPen(c));
+            dc.DrawLine(x, 0, x, sz.GetHeight());
+        }
+
+        int div_x = (int)(ratio(1) / 100.0 * sz.GetWidth());
+        dc.SetPen(wxPen(StateColor::darkModeColorFor(wxColour(80, 80, 80)), FromDIP(4)));
+        dc.DrawLine(div_x, 0, div_x, sz.GetHeight());
+        dc.SetPen(wxPen(*wxWHITE, FromDIP(2)));
+        dc.DrawLine(div_x, 0, div_x, sz.GetHeight());
+    });
+
+    m_ratio_bar->Bind(wxEVT_LEFT_DOWN, [this](wxMouseEvent& e) {
+        if (m_ratio_editor_panel && m_ratio_editor_panel->IsShown())
+            commit_ratio_editor(true);
+        m_dragging = true;
+        m_ratio_bar->CaptureMouse();
+        int new_ratio = 100 - (int)(e.GetX() * 100.0 / m_ratio_bar->GetClientSize().GetWidth() + 0.5);
+        on_ratio_changed(std::max(MIN_COMPONENT_RATIO, std::min(100 - MIN_COMPONENT_RATIO, new_ratio)));
+    });
+
+    m_ratio_bar->Bind(wxEVT_MOTION, [this](wxMouseEvent& e) {
+        if (!m_dragging) return;
+        int new_ratio = 100 - (int)(e.GetX() * 100.0 / m_ratio_bar->GetClientSize().GetWidth() + 0.5);
+        on_ratio_changed(std::max(MIN_COMPONENT_RATIO, std::min(100 - MIN_COMPONENT_RATIO, new_ratio)));
+    });
+
+    m_ratio_bar->Bind(wxEVT_LEFT_UP, [this](wxMouseEvent&) {
+        if (m_dragging) {
+            m_dragging = false;
+            if (m_ratio_bar->HasCapture())
+                m_ratio_bar->ReleaseMouse();
+        }
+    });
+
+    sizer->Add(m_ratio_bar, 0, wxEXPAND);
+
+    auto* pct_sizer = new wxBoxSizer(wxHORIZONTAL);
+    m_label_ratio_a = new RatioLabelPanel(this);
+    m_label_ratio_a->SetLabel(wxString::Format(wxT("%d%%"), ratio(0)));
+    m_label_ratio_b = new RatioLabelPanel(this);
+    m_label_ratio_b->SetLabel(wxString::Format(wxT("%d%%"), ratio(1)));
+    auto bind_ratio_click = [this](RatioLabelPanel* label, size_t idx) {
+        label->Bind(wxEVT_LEFT_DOWN, [this, label, idx](wxMouseEvent&) {
+            wxRect rect(wxPoint(0, 0), label->GetClientSize());
+            start_ratio_editor(idx, label, rect);
+        });
+    };
+    bind_ratio_click(m_label_ratio_a, 0);
+    bind_ratio_click(m_label_ratio_b, 1);
+    pct_sizer->Add(m_label_ratio_a, 0);
+    pct_sizer->AddStretchSpacer(1);
+    pct_sizer->Add(m_label_ratio_b, 0);
+    sizer->Add(pct_sizer, 0, wxEXPAND | wxTOP, FromDIP(2));
+
+    return sizer;
+}
+
+// ---- Triangle (ternary) ratio picker ----
+
+// Barycentric coordinate utilities
+struct TriPoint { double x, y; };
+
+static double tri_signed_area2(TriPoint a, TriPoint b, TriPoint c)
+{
+    return (b.x - a.x) * (c.y - a.y) - (c.x - a.x) * (b.y - a.y);
+}
+
+static bool tri_contains(TriPoint p, TriPoint v0, TriPoint v1, TriPoint v2)
+{
+    double total = tri_signed_area2(v0, v1, v2);
+    if (std::abs(total) < 1e-9) return false;
+    double s0 = tri_signed_area2(p, v1, v2) / total;
+    double s1 = tri_signed_area2(v0, p, v2) / total;
+    double s2 = 1.0 - s0 - s1;
+    return s0 >= -0.001 && s1 >= -0.001 && s2 >= -0.001;
+}
+
+static void tri_barycentric(TriPoint p, TriPoint v0, TriPoint v1, TriPoint v2,
+                            double& w0, double& w1, double& w2)
+{
+    double total = std::abs(tri_signed_area2(v0, v1, v2));
+    if (total < 1e-9) { w0 = w1 = w2 = 1.0 / 3.0; return; }
+    w0 = std::abs(tri_signed_area2(p, v1, v2)) / total;
+    w1 = std::abs(tri_signed_area2(v0, p, v2)) / total;
+    w2 = 1.0 - w0 - w1;
+    w0 = std::clamp(w0, 0.0, 1.0);
+    w1 = std::clamp(w1, 0.0, 1.0);
+    w2 = std::clamp(w2, 0.0, 1.0);
+    double s = w0 + w1 + w2;
+    if (s > 0) { w0 /= s; w1 /= s; w2 /= s; }
+}
+
+static TriPoint tri_clamp(TriPoint p, TriPoint v0, TriPoint v1, TriPoint v2)
+{
+    double w0, w1, w2;
+    tri_barycentric(p, v0, v1, v2, w0, w1, w2);
+    w0 = std::clamp(w0, 0.0, 1.0);
+    w1 = std::clamp(w1, 0.0, 1.0);
+    w2 = std::clamp(w2, 0.0, 1.0);
+    double s = w0 + w1 + w2;
+    if (s > 0) { w0 /= s; w1 /= s; w2 /= s; }
+    return {w0 * v0.x + w1 * v1.x + w2 * v2.x,
+            w0 * v0.y + w1 * v1.y + w2 * v2.y};
+}
+
+wxBoxSizer* MixedFilamentDialog::create_triangle_picker()
+{
+    auto* sizer = new wxBoxSizer(wxVERTICAL);
+
+    int panel_w = FromDIP(160);
+    int panel_h = FromDIP(160);
+    m_triangle_panel = new wxPanel(this, wxID_ANY, wxDefaultPosition, wxSize(panel_w, panel_h));
+    m_triangle_panel->SetMinSize(wxSize(panel_w, panel_h));
+    m_triangle_panel->SetBackgroundColour(StateColor::darkModeColorFor(*wxWHITE));
+    m_triangle_panel->SetBackgroundStyle(wxBG_STYLE_PAINT);
+
+    auto get_vertices = [this]() -> std::tuple<TriPoint, TriPoint, TriPoint> {
+        wxSize sz = m_triangle_panel->GetClientSize();
+        double pw = sz.GetWidth(), ph = sz.GetHeight();
+        double margin = FromDIP(20);
+        double avail = std::min(pw, ph) - 2 * margin;
+        double side = avail;
+        double tri_h = side * std::sqrt(3.0) / 2.0;
+        double cx = pw / 2.0;
+        double top_y = (ph - tri_h) / 2.0;
+        double bot_y = top_y + tri_h;
+        TriPoint v0 = {cx, top_y};                             // top
+        TriPoint v1 = {cx - side / 2.0, bot_y};               // bottom-left
+        TriPoint v2 = {cx + side / 2.0, bot_y};               // bottom-right
+        return {v0, v1, v2};
+    };
+
+    m_triangle_panel->Bind(wxEVT_PAINT, [this, get_vertices](wxPaintEvent&) {
+        wxBufferedPaintDC dc(m_triangle_panel);
+        wxSize sz = m_triangle_panel->GetClientSize();
+        auto [v0, v1, v2] = get_vertices();
+
+        wxColour tri_bg = StateColor::darkModeColorFor(*wxWHITE);
+        dc.SetBrush(wxBrush(tri_bg));
+        dc.SetPen(*wxTRANSPARENT_PEN);
+        dc.DrawRectangle(0, 0, sz.GetWidth(), sz.GetHeight());
+
+        wxColour c0 = comp_colour(0), c1 = comp_colour(1), c2 = comp_colour(2);
+
+        const bool cache_valid = m_tri_cache_bmp.IsOk() &&
+            m_tri_cache_size == sz &&
+            m_tri_cache_c0 == c0 && m_tri_cache_c1 == c1 && m_tri_cache_c2 == c2;
+
+        if (!cache_valid) {
+            int min_y = (int)std::min({v0.y, v1.y, v2.y});
+            int max_y = (int)std::max({v0.y, v1.y, v2.y});
+            int min_x = (int)std::min({v0.x, v1.x, v2.x});
+            int max_x = (int)std::max({v0.x, v1.x, v2.x});
+
+            m_tri_cache_bmp = wxBitmap(sz.GetWidth(), sz.GetHeight(), 24);
+            wxMemoryDC mdc(m_tri_cache_bmp);
+            mdc.SetBrush(wxBrush(tri_bg));
+            mdc.SetPen(*wxTRANSPARENT_PEN);
+            mdc.DrawRectangle(0, 0, sz.GetWidth(), sz.GetHeight());
+
+            for (int py = min_y; py <= max_y; ++py) {
+                for (int px = min_x; px <= max_x; ++px) {
+                    TriPoint p = {(double)px, (double)py};
+                    if (!tri_contains(p, v0, v1, v2)) continue;
+                    double w0, w1, w2;
+                    tri_barycentric(p, v0, v1, v2, w0, w1, w2);
+                    unsigned char mr, mg, mb;
+                    if (w0 + w1 > 1e-6) {
+                        float t01 = static_cast<float>(w1 / (w0 + w1));
+                        Slic3r::filament_mixer_lerp(c0.Red(), c0.Green(), c0.Blue(),
+                                                    c1.Red(), c1.Green(), c1.Blue(),
+                                                    t01, &mr, &mg, &mb);
+                        float t2 = static_cast<float>(w2);
+                        Slic3r::filament_mixer_lerp(mr, mg, mb,
+                                                    c2.Red(), c2.Green(), c2.Blue(),
+                                                    t2, &mr, &mg, &mb);
+                    } else {
+                        mr = c2.Red(); mg = c2.Green(); mb = c2.Blue();
+                    }
+                    mdc.SetPen(wxPen(wxColour(mr, mg, mb)));
+                    mdc.DrawPoint(px, py);
+                }
+            }
+
+            mdc.SetPen(wxPen(StateColor::darkModeColorFor(wxColour("#CECECE")), 1));
+            mdc.SetBrush(*wxTRANSPARENT_BRUSH);
+            wxPoint pts[3] = {{(int)v0.x, (int)v0.y}, {(int)v1.x, (int)v1.y}, {(int)v2.x, (int)v2.y}};
+            mdc.DrawPolygon(3, pts);
+
+            mdc.SelectObject(wxNullBitmap);
+            m_tri_cache_c0 = c0; m_tri_cache_c1 = c1; m_tri_cache_c2 = c2;
+            m_tri_cache_size = sz;
+        }
+
+        dc.DrawBitmap(m_tri_cache_bmp, 0, 0);
+
+        // Drag handle (always redrawn on top of cached bitmap)
+        double hx = m_tri_wx * v0.x + m_tri_wy * v1.x + m_tri_wz * v2.x;
+        double hy = m_tri_wx * v0.y + m_tri_wy * v1.y + m_tri_wz * v2.y;
+        int handle_r = FromDIP(5);
+        dc.SetBrush(*wxWHITE_BRUSH);
+        dc.SetPen(wxPen(wxColour("#262E30"), FromDIP(2)));
+        dc.DrawCircle((int)hx, (int)hy, handle_r);
+
+        if (m_result.ratios.size() >= 3) {
+            dc.SetFont(::Label::Body_10);
+            wxSize ts0 = dc.GetTextExtent(wxString::Format(wxT("%d%%"), m_result.ratios[0]));
+            int top_label_y = std::max(0, (int)(v0.y - ts0.GetHeight() - FromDIP(4)));
+
+            dc.SetFont(::Label::Body_12);
+            dc.SetTextForeground(wxColour("#909090"));
+            dc.DrawText(_L("Ratio"), FromDIP(2), top_label_y);
+
+            // Position the real RatioLabelPanel children
+            for (int i = 0; i < 3 && i < (int)m_triangle_ratio_labels.size(); ++i) {
+                if (!m_triangle_ratio_labels[i]) continue;
+                m_triangle_ratio_labels[i]->SetLabel(
+                    wxString::Format(wxT("%d%%"), m_result.ratios[i]));
+                wxSize lsz = m_triangle_ratio_labels[i]->GetMinSize();
+                int lx = 0, ly = 0;
+                if (i == 0) {
+                    lx = (int)(v0.x - lsz.GetWidth() / 2);
+                    ly = top_label_y;
+                } else if (i == 1) {
+                    lx = (int)(v1.x - lsz.GetWidth() / 2);
+                    ly = (int)(v1.y + FromDIP(3));
+                } else {
+                    lx = (int)(v2.x - lsz.GetWidth() / 2);
+                    ly = (int)(v2.y + FromDIP(3));
+                }
+                m_triangle_ratio_labels[i]->SetSize(lx, ly, lsz.GetWidth(), lsz.GetHeight());
+            }
+        }
+    });
+
+    auto handle_mouse = [this, get_vertices](wxMouseEvent& e, bool is_down) {
+        auto [v0, v1, v2] = get_vertices();
+        TriPoint p = {(double)e.GetX(), (double)e.GetY()};
+
+        if (is_down) {
+            // Only start dragging when the press lands inside the triangle;
+            // clicks outside the triangle must not change the mix ratio.
+            if (!tri_contains(p, v0, v1, v2))
+                return;
+            m_dragging = true;
+            m_triangle_panel->CaptureMouse();
+        }
+
+        if (!m_dragging) return;
+
+        TriPoint clamped = tri_clamp(p, v0, v1, v2);
+        tri_barycentric(clamped, v0, v1, v2, m_tri_wx, m_tri_wy, m_tri_wz);
+
+        int r0 = (int)(m_tri_wx * 100 + 0.5);
+        int r1 = (int)(m_tri_wy * 100 + 0.5);
+        int r2 = 100 - r0 - r1;
+        r0 = std::clamp(r0, 0, 100);
+        r1 = std::clamp(r1, 0, 100);
+        r2 = std::clamp(r2, 0, 100);
+
+        apply_dragged_triangle_ratio(r0, r1, r2);
+    };
+
+    // Create 3 RatioLabelPanel children on the triangle panel
+    m_triangle_ratio_labels.fill(nullptr);
+    for (int i = 0; i < 3; ++i) {
+        auto* lbl = new RatioLabelPanel(m_triangle_panel);
+        lbl->SetLabel(wxString::Format(wxT("%d%%"),
+                      (i < (int)m_result.ratios.size()) ? m_result.ratios[i] : 33));
+        size_t idx = (size_t)i;
+        lbl->Bind(wxEVT_LEFT_DOWN, [this, lbl, idx](wxMouseEvent&) {
+            wxRect rect(wxPoint(0, 0), lbl->GetClientSize());
+            start_ratio_editor(idx, lbl, rect);
+        });
+        m_triangle_ratio_labels[i] = lbl;
+    }
+
+    m_triangle_panel->Bind(wxEVT_LEFT_DOWN, [this, handle_mouse](wxMouseEvent& e) {
+        if (m_ratio_editor_panel && m_ratio_editor_panel->IsShown())
+            commit_ratio_editor(true);
+        handle_mouse(e, true);
+    });
+    m_triangle_panel->Bind(wxEVT_MOTION, [this, handle_mouse](wxMouseEvent& e) {
+        if (m_dragging)
+            handle_mouse(e, false);
+    });
+    m_triangle_panel->Bind(wxEVT_LEFT_UP, [this](wxMouseEvent&) {
+        if (m_dragging) {
+            m_dragging = false;
+            if (m_triangle_panel->HasCapture())
+                m_triangle_panel->ReleaseMouse();
+        }
+    });
+
+    sizer->Add(m_triangle_panel, 0);
+
+    return sizer;
+}
+
+wxBoxSizer* MixedFilamentDialog::create_gradient_section()
+{
+    m_gradient_sizer = new wxBoxSizer(wxHORIZONTAL);
+
+    m_chk_gradient = new ::CheckBox(this);
+    m_chk_gradient->SetValue(m_result.gradient_enabled);
+    m_chk_gradient->Bind(wxEVT_TOGGLEBUTTON, [this](wxCommandEvent& e) { e.Skip(); on_gradient_toggled(); });
+    m_gradient_sizer->Add(m_chk_gradient, 0, wxALIGN_CENTER_VERTICAL | wxTOP | wxBOTTOM, FromDIP(4));
+
+    m_label_gradient = new wxStaticText(this, wxID_ANY, _L("Gradient Effect"));
+    m_label_gradient->SetFont(::Label::Body_13);
+    m_gradient_sizer->Add(m_label_gradient, 0, wxALIGN_CENTER_VERTICAL | wxLEFT, FromDIP(8));
+
+    m_combo_gradient_dir = new ComboBox(this, wxID_ANY, wxEmptyString, wxDefaultPosition,
+                                        wxSize(FromDIP(152), FromDIP(24)), 0, nullptr, wxCB_READONLY);
+    m_combo_gradient_dir->SetKeepDropArrow(true);
+    update_gradient_direction_items();
+    m_combo_gradient_dir->SetSelection(m_result.gradient_direction);
+    m_combo_gradient_dir->Bind(wxEVT_COMBOBOX, [this](wxCommandEvent&) { on_gradient_direction_changed(); });
+    m_combo_gradient_dir->Show(m_result.gradient_enabled);
+
+    m_gradient_sizer->Add(m_combo_gradient_dir, 0, wxALIGN_CENTER_VERTICAL | wxLEFT, FromDIP(8));
+
+    auto* outer = new wxBoxSizer(wxVERTICAL);
+    outer->Add(m_gradient_sizer, 0, wxEXPAND);
+
+    // Custom curve editor: visible only when gradient is on and exactly 2 components are mixed.
+    m_curve_sizer = new wxBoxSizer(wxVERTICAL);
+    m_curve_editor = new GradientCurveEditor(this, comp_colour(0), comp_colour(1));
+    if (!m_result.gradient_curve.empty())
+        m_curve_editor->set_points(m_result.gradient_curve);
+    else
+        m_curve_editor->reset_to_linear((m_result.gradient_direction == 0) ? 0.9 : 0.1,
+                                        (m_result.gradient_direction == 0) ? 0.1 : 0.9);
+    m_curve_editor->Bind(wxEVT_GRADIENT_CURVE_CHANGED,
+        [this](wxCommandEvent&) { on_gradient_curve_changed(); });
+    m_curve_sizer->Add(m_curve_editor, 0, wxEXPAND | wxTOP, FromDIP(4));
+
+    outer->Add(m_curve_sizer, 0, wxEXPAND | wxTOP, FromDIP(6));
+    const bool curve_visible = m_result.gradient_enabled && num_components() == 2;
+    m_curve_sizer->ShowItems(curve_visible);
+
+    // Per-part gradient toggle sits BELOW the curve editor.
+    m_per_part_gradient_sizer = new wxBoxSizer(wxHORIZONTAL);
+
+    m_chk_per_part_gradient = new ::CheckBox(this);
+    m_chk_per_part_gradient->SetValue(m_result.per_part_gradient);
+    m_chk_per_part_gradient->Bind(wxEVT_TOGGLEBUTTON,
+        [this](wxCommandEvent& e) { e.Skip(); on_per_part_gradient_toggled(); });
+    m_per_part_gradient_sizer->Add(m_chk_per_part_gradient, 0,
+        wxALIGN_CENTER_VERTICAL | wxTOP | wxBOTTOM, FromDIP(4));
+
+    m_label_per_part_gradient = new wxStaticText(this, wxID_ANY, _L("Enable per-part gradient effect"));
+    m_label_per_part_gradient->SetFont(::Label::Body_13);
+    m_per_part_gradient_sizer->Add(m_label_per_part_gradient, 0,
+        wxALIGN_CENTER_VERTICAL | wxLEFT, FromDIP(8));
+
+    outer->Add(m_per_part_gradient_sizer, 0, wxEXPAND | wxTOP, FromDIP(2));
+    m_per_part_gradient_sizer->ShowItems(m_result.gradient_enabled);
+
+    return outer;
+}
+
+wxBoxSizer* MixedFilamentDialog::create_recommendation_grid()
+{
+    auto* outer = new wxBoxSizer(wxVERTICAL);
+
+    auto* title_sizer = new wxBoxSizer(wxHORIZONTAL);
+    auto* rec_label = new wxStaticText(this, wxID_ANY, _L("Mixing Recommendations"));
+    rec_label->SetForegroundColour(StateColor::darkModeColorFor(wxColour("#ACACAC")));
+    rec_label->SetFont(::Label::Body_10);
+    title_sizer->Add(rec_label, 0, wxALIGN_CENTER_VERTICAL | wxRIGHT, FromDIP(4));
+
+    auto* rec_line = new wxPanel(this, wxID_ANY);
+    rec_line->SetMinSize(wxSize(-1, 1));
+    rec_line->SetBackgroundColour(StateColor::darkModeColorFor(wxColour("#DFDFDF")));
+    title_sizer->Add(rec_line, 1, wxALIGN_CENTER_VERTICAL);
+
+    outer->Add(title_sizer, 0, wxEXPAND | wxBOTTOM, FromDIP(4));
+
+    m_recommendation_scroll = new wxScrolledWindow(this, wxID_ANY, wxDefaultPosition, wxSize(-1, FromDIP(116)));
+    m_recommendation_scroll->SetScrollRate(0, 5);
+    m_recommendation_scroll->SetBackgroundColour(StateColor::darkModeColorFor(wxColour("#F8F8F8")));
+
+    m_recommendation_grid = new wxWrapSizer(wxHORIZONTAL, wxWRAPSIZER_DEFAULT_FLAGS);
+    auto* scroll_inner_sizer = new wxBoxSizer(wxVERTICAL);
+    scroll_inner_sizer->Add(m_recommendation_grid, 1, wxEXPAND | wxLEFT | wxTOP, FromDIP(8));
+    m_recommendation_scroll->SetSizer(scroll_inner_sizer);
+
+    rebuild_recommendation_items();
+
+    outer->Add(m_recommendation_scroll, 1, wxEXPAND | wxTOP, FromDIP(4));
+    return outer;
+}
+
+void MixedFilamentDialog::rebuild_recommendation_items()
+{
+    if (!m_recommendation_scroll || !m_recommendation_grid)
+        return;
+
+    static constexpr int MAX_RECOMMENDATIONS = 100;
+
+    m_recommendation_scroll->Freeze();
+    m_recommendation_grid->Clear(true);
+
+    size_t n = m_physical_colors.size();
+    int count = 0;
+
+    // Group physical filaments by type (only same-type combos are recommended)
+    std::map<std::string, std::vector<size_t>> type_groups;
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
+        std::string t = (i < m_physical_types.size()) ? m_physical_types[i] : "PLA";
+        // Skip support filaments (type ends with "-S")
+        if (t.size() >= 2 && t.compare(t.size() - 2, 2, "-S") == 0)
+            continue;
+        type_groups[t].push_back(i);
+    }
+
+    if (num_components() >= 3) {
+        // Three-color: C(g,3) x 3 variants per same-type group
+        for (auto& [type, indices] : type_groups) {
+            if (count >= MAX_RECOMMENDATIONS) break;
+            size_t g = indices.size();
+            for (size_t ai = 0; ai < g && count < MAX_RECOMMENDATIONS; ++ai) {
+                for (size_t bi = ai + 1; bi < g && count < MAX_RECOMMENDATIONS; ++bi) {
+                    for (size_t ci = bi + 1; ci < g && count < MAX_RECOMMENDATIONS; ++ci) {
+                        size_t idx[3] = {indices[ai], indices[bi], indices[ci]};
+                        // 3 variants: each filament takes the 50% role in turn
+                        for (int dominant = 0; dominant < 3 && count < MAX_RECOMMENDATIONS; ++dominant) {
+                            size_t i0 = idx[(dominant + 1) % 3]; // 25%
+                            size_t i1 = idx[(dominant + 2) % 3]; // 25%
+                            size_t i2 = idx[dominant];           // 50%
+
+                            wxColour ca(m_physical_colors[i0]);
+                            wxColour cb(m_physical_colors[i1]);
+                            wxColour cc(m_physical_colors[i2]);
+                            wxColour mixed = blend_n_colors({ca, cb, cc}, {0.25, 0.25, 0.50});
+
+                            auto* item = new wxPanel(m_recommendation_scroll, wxID_ANY,
+                                                     wxDefaultPosition, wxSize(FromDIP(20), FromDIP(20)));
+                            item->SetBackgroundColour(mixed);
+                            item->SetCursor(wxCursor(wxCURSOR_HAND));
+
+                            unsigned int ca_1 = (unsigned int)(i0 + 1);
+                            unsigned int cb_1 = (unsigned int)(i1 + 1);
+                            unsigned int cc_1 = (unsigned int)(i2 + 1);
+                            item->Bind(wxEVT_LEFT_UP, [this, ca_1, cb_1, cc_1](wxMouseEvent&) {
+                                on_recommendation_clicked_triple(ca_1, cb_1, cc_1);
+                            });
+                            item->SetToolTip(wxString::Format(wxT("%s + %s + %s"),
+                                wxString::FromUTF8(m_physical_names[i0]),
+                                wxString::FromUTF8(m_physical_names[i1]),
+                                wxString::FromUTF8(m_physical_names[i2])));
+
+                            m_recommendation_grid->Add(item, 0, wxRIGHT | wxBOTTOM, FromDIP(6));
+                            ++count;
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    } else {
+        // Two-color: C(g,2) per same-type group
+        for (auto& [type, indices] : type_groups) {
+            if (count >= MAX_RECOMMENDATIONS) break;
+            size_t g = indices.size();
+            for (size_t ai = 0; ai < g && count < MAX_RECOMMENDATIONS; ++ai) {
+                for (size_t bi = ai + 1; bi < g && count < MAX_RECOMMENDATIONS; ++bi) {
+                    size_t i = indices[ai];
+                    size_t j = indices[bi];
+
+                    wxColour ca(m_physical_colors[i]);
+                    wxColour cb(m_physical_colors[j]);
+                    wxColour mixed = blend_colors(ca, cb, 0.5);
+
+                    auto* item = new wxPanel(m_recommendation_scroll, wxID_ANY,
+                                             wxDefaultPosition, wxSize(FromDIP(20), FromDIP(20)));
+                    item->SetBackgroundColour(mixed);
+                    item->SetCursor(wxCursor(wxCURSOR_HAND));
+
+                    unsigned int comp_a = (unsigned int)(i + 1);
+                    unsigned int comp_b = (unsigned int)(j + 1);
+                    item->Bind(wxEVT_LEFT_UP, [this, comp_a, comp_b](wxMouseEvent&) {
+                        on_recommendation_clicked(comp_a, comp_b);
+                    });
+                    item->SetToolTip(wxString::Format(wxT("%s + %s"),
+                        wxString::FromUTF8(m_physical_names[i]),
+                        wxString::FromUTF8(m_physical_names[j])));
+
+                    m_recommendation_grid->Add(item, 0, wxRIGHT | wxBOTTOM, FromDIP(6));
+                    ++count;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    m_recommendation_scroll->SetScrollbars(0, FromDIP(20), 0, 1);
+    m_recommendation_scroll->FitInside();
+    m_recommendation_scroll->Layout();
+    m_recommendation_scroll->Thaw();
+}
+
+wxBoxSizer* MixedFilamentDialog::create_button_panel()
+{
+    auto* sizer = new wxBoxSizer(wxHORIZONTAL);
+
+    m_btn_cancel = new Button(this, _L("Cancel"));
+    m_btn_cancel->SetBackgroundColor(*wxWHITE);
+    m_btn_cancel->SetBorderColor(wxColour("#CECECE"));
+    m_btn_cancel->SetTextColor(wxColour("#262E30"));
+    m_btn_cancel->SetMinSize(wxSize(FromDIP(55), FromDIP(24)));
+    m_btn_cancel->Bind(wxEVT_BUTTON, [this](wxCommandEvent&) { EndModal(wxID_CANCEL); });
+
+    m_btn_ok = new Button(this, _L("OK"));
+    m_btn_ok->SetBackgroundColor(wxColour("#00AE42"));
+    m_btn_ok->SetBorderColor(wxColour("#00AE42"));
+    m_btn_ok->SetTextColor(*wxWHITE);
+    m_btn_ok->SetMinSize(wxSize(FromDIP(55), FromDIP(24)));
+    m_btn_ok->Bind(wxEVT_BUTTON, [this](wxCommandEvent&) { EndModal(wxID_OK); });
+
+    sizer->Add(m_btn_cancel, 0, wxRIGHT, FromDIP(12));
+    sizer->Add(m_btn_ok, 0);
+
+    return sizer;
+}
+
+void MixedFilamentDialog::rebuild_all_combos()
+{
+    m_combo_to_physical.resize(m_combo_filaments.size());
+
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < m_combo_filaments.size(); ++i) {
+        std::set<unsigned int> others_selected;
+        std::set<std::string>  others_types;
+        for (size_t k = 0; k < m_result.components.size(); ++k) {
+            if (k == i) continue;
+            unsigned int phys = m_result.components[k];
+            others_selected.insert(phys);
+            if (phys >= 1 && phys <= m_physical_types.size())
+                others_types.insert(m_physical_types[phys - 1]);
+        }
+
+        auto* combo = m_combo_filaments[i];
+        combo->Clear();
+        m_combo_to_physical[i].clear();
+
+        int restore_sel = -1;
+        unsigned int cur_phys = (i < m_result.components.size()) ? m_result.components[i] : 0;
+
+        if (cur_phys == 0) {
+            combo->Append(_L("-- Select --"));
+            m_combo_to_physical[i].push_back(0);
+            restore_sel = 0;
+        }
+
+        for (size_t j = 0; j < m_physical_names.size(); ++j) {
+            unsigned int phys_1based = (unsigned int)(j + 1);
+
+            if (others_selected.count(phys_1based))
+                continue;
+
+            int style = 0;
+            if (!others_types.empty() && !m_physical_types.empty()) {
+                std::string this_type = (j < m_physical_types.size()) ? m_physical_types[j] : "PLA";
+                if (others_types.find(this_type) == others_types.end())
+                    style = DD_ITEM_STYLE_DIMMED;
+            }
+
+            int idx = combo->Append(wxString::FromUTF8(m_physical_names[j]), make_swatch_bitmap(j), style);
+            m_combo_to_physical[i].push_back(phys_1based);
+
+            if (phys_1based == cur_phys)
+                restore_sel = idx;
+        }
+
+        if (restore_sel >= 0)
+            combo->SetSelection(restore_sel);
+        else if (combo->GetCount() > 0)
+            combo->SetSelection(0);
+    }
+}
+
+void MixedFilamentDialog::refresh_curve_editor_colors()
+{
+    if (m_curve_editor)
+        m_curve_editor->set_colors(comp_colour(0), comp_colour(1));
+}
+
+// ---- Event Handlers ----
+
+void MixedFilamentDialog::on_filament_changed()
+{
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < m_combo_filaments.size() && i < m_result.components.size(); ++i) {
+        int sel = m_combo_filaments[i]->GetSelection();
+        if (sel >= 0 && i < m_combo_to_physical.size() && sel < (int)m_combo_to_physical[i].size())
+            m_result.components[i] = m_combo_to_physical[i][sel];
+    }
+
+    refresh_curve_editor_colors();
+    rebuild_all_combos();
+    update_gradient_direction_items();
+    update_preview();
+    update_ok_button_state();
+}
+
+void MixedFilamentDialog::on_ratio_changed(int new_ratio_a)
+{
+    if (m_result.ratios.size() < 2) return;
+    m_result.ratios[0] = new_ratio_a;
+    m_result.ratios[1] = 100 - new_ratio_a;
+
+    reset_manual_ratio_state();
+    refresh_ratio_labels();
+
+    update_preview();
+}
+
+void MixedFilamentDialog::on_gradient_toggled()
+{
+    bool checked = m_chk_gradient->GetValue();
+
+    if (checked) {
+        auto& print_config = wxGetApp().preset_bundle->prints.get_edited_preset().config;
+        if (!print_config.opt_bool("enable_mixed_color_sublayer")) {
+            wxMessageDialog dlg(this,
+                _L("Gradient effect requires 'Mixed color sublayer' to be enabled. Enable it now?"),
+                _L("Mixed Color Sublayer"),
+                wxYES_NO | wxICON_QUESTION);
+            if (dlg.ShowModal() == wxID_YES) {
+                DynamicPrintConfig new_conf;
+                new_conf.set_key_value("enable_mixed_color_sublayer", new ConfigOptionBool(true));
+                wxGetApp().get_tab(Preset::TYPE_PRINT)->load_config(new_conf);
+            } else {
+                m_chk_gradient->SetValue(false);
+                return;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    m_result.gradient_enabled = m_chk_gradient->GetValue();
+
+    if (m_ratio_sizer)
+        m_ratio_sizer->ShowItems(!m_result.gradient_enabled && num_components() == 2);
+    if (m_combo_gradient_dir)
+        m_combo_gradient_dir->Show(m_result.gradient_enabled);
+    if (m_per_part_gradient_sizer)
+        m_per_part_gradient_sizer->ShowItems(m_result.gradient_enabled);
+    if (m_curve_sizer)
+        m_curve_sizer->ShowItems(m_result.gradient_enabled && num_components() == 2);
+    if (!m_result.gradient_enabled) {
+        m_result.per_part_gradient = false;
+        if (m_chk_per_part_gradient) m_chk_per_part_gradient->SetValue(false);
+    }
+
+    // Toggling the curve editor changes the right column height (and width when
+    // turning gradient on), so the dialog must follow or the recommendation list
+    // gets squeezed off-screen. Same trick as 2-color -> 3-color switching.
+    const wxSize new_size = compute_dialog_size();
+    if (GetSize() != new_size) {
+        const wxRect old_rect = GetRect();
+        const wxPoint center(old_rect.x + old_rect.width / 2,
+                             old_rect.y + old_rect.height / 2);
+        SetSize(new_size);
+        SetPosition(wxPoint(center.x - new_size.x / 2,
+                            center.y - new_size.y / 2));
+    }
+
+    Layout();
+    Refresh();
+}
+
+void MixedFilamentDialog::on_gradient_direction_changed()
+{
+    if (!m_combo_gradient_dir) return;
+    m_result.gradient_direction = m_combo_gradient_dir->GetSelection();
+
+    // Mirror the user's custom curve around y=0.5 instead of resetting it, so
+    // shape work (added anchors, bent segments) survives a direction toggle.
+    // reverse() flips y and tangent signs consistently; default two-point
+    // linear curves end up matching the new direction exactly (0.9->0.1 <-> 0.1->0.9).
+    if (m_curve_editor) {
+        m_curve_editor->reverse();
+        m_result.gradient_curve = m_curve_editor->get_points();
+    }
+    update_preview();
+}
+
+void MixedFilamentDialog::on_gradient_curve_changed()
+{
+    if (m_curve_editor)
+        m_result.gradient_curve = m_curve_editor->get_points();
+    update_preview();
+}
+
+void MixedFilamentDialog::on_per_part_gradient_toggled()
+{
+    if (m_chk_per_part_gradient)
+        m_result.per_part_gradient = m_chk_per_part_gradient->GetValue();
+}
+
+void MixedFilamentDialog::on_add_material()
+{
+    size_t n = num_components();
+    if (n >= (size_t)MAX_COMPONENTS) return;
+
+    unsigned int new_comp = 0;
+    for (size_t j = 0; j < m_physical_names.size(); ++j) {
+        unsigned int candidate = (unsigned int)(j + 1);
+        bool used = false;
+        for (auto c : m_result.components)
+            if (c == candidate) { used = true; break; }
+        if (!used) { new_comp = candidate; break; }
+    }
+    if (new_comp == 0) return;
+    m_result.components.push_back(new_comp);
+
+    int each = 100 / (int)(n + 1);
+    m_result.ratios.clear();
+    int assigned = 0;
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
+        m_result.ratios.push_back(each);
+        assigned += each;
+    }
+    m_result.ratios.push_back(100 - assigned);
+
+    if (m_result.ratios.size() >= 3) {
+        int sum = 0;
+        for (int r : m_result.ratios) sum += r;
+        if (sum > 0) {
+            m_tri_wx = (double)m_result.ratios[0] / sum;
+            m_tri_wy = (double)m_result.ratios[1] / sum;
+            m_tri_wz = (double)m_result.ratios[2] / sum;
+        }
+    }
+    reset_manual_ratio_state();
+
+    auto* row = new wxBoxSizer(wxHORIZONTAL);
+    wxString lbl_text = wxString::Format(_L("Filament %d"), (int)(n + 1));
+    auto* lbl = new wxStaticText(this, wxID_ANY, lbl_text);
+    lbl->SetFont(::Label::Body_12);
+    row->Add(lbl, 0, wxALIGN_CENTER_VERTICAL | wxRIGHT, FromDIP(8));
+
+    auto* combo = new ComboBox(this, wxID_ANY, wxEmptyString, wxDefaultPosition,
+                               wxSize(FromDIP(166), FromDIP(24)), 0, nullptr, wxCB_READONLY);
+    combo->SetKeepDropArrow(true);
+    combo->Bind(wxEVT_COMBOBOX, [this](wxCommandEvent&) { on_filament_changed(); });
+    row->Add(combo, 1, wxALIGN_CENTER_VERTICAL);
+
+    m_combo_filaments.push_back(combo);
+    m_combo_to_physical.push_back({});
+    m_material_rows_sizer->Add(row, 0, wxEXPAND | wxTOP, FromDIP(9));
+
+    rebuild_all_combos();
+    refresh_curve_editor_colors();
+    update_component_count_ui();
+    update_preview();
+    update_ok_button_state();
+    rebuild_recommendation_items();
+
+    Layout();
+    Refresh();
+}
+
+void MixedFilamentDialog::on_remove_material()
+{
+    if (num_components() <= 2)
+        return;
+
+    m_result.components.resize(2);
+    m_result.ratios = {50, 50};
+    m_tri_wx = 0.5;
+    m_tri_wy = 0.5;
+    m_tri_wz = 0.0;
+
+    reset_manual_ratio_state();
+    refresh_ratio_labels();
+
+    if (m_material_rows_sizer && m_material_rows_sizer->GetItemCount() > 2) {
+        auto* sizer_item = m_material_rows_sizer->GetItem(m_material_rows_sizer->GetItemCount() - 1);
+        if (sizer_item && sizer_item->GetSizer())
+            sizer_item->GetSizer()->Clear(true);
+        m_material_rows_sizer->Remove(m_material_rows_sizer->GetItemCount() - 1);
+    }
+
+    if (m_combo_filaments.size() > 2)
+        m_combo_filaments.pop_back();
+    if (m_combo_to_physical.size() > 2)
+        m_combo_to_physical.pop_back();
+
+    rebuild_all_combos();
+    refresh_curve_editor_colors();
+    update_component_count_ui();
+    update_preview();
+    update_ok_button_state();
+    rebuild_recommendation_items();
+    Layout();
+    Refresh();
+}
+
+void MixedFilamentDialog::on_recommendation_clicked(unsigned int comp_a, unsigned int comp_b)
+{
+    while (m_material_rows_sizer->GetItemCount() > 2) {
+        auto* sizer_item = m_material_rows_sizer->GetItem(m_material_rows_sizer->GetItemCount() - 1);
+        if (sizer_item && sizer_item->GetSizer())
+            sizer_item->GetSizer()->Clear(true);
+        m_material_rows_sizer->Remove(m_material_rows_sizer->GetItemCount() - 1);
+    }
+
+    while (m_combo_filaments.size() > 2)
+        m_combo_filaments.pop_back();
+    while (m_combo_to_physical.size() > 2)
+        m_combo_to_physical.pop_back();
+
+    m_result.components = {comp_a, comp_b};
+    m_result.ratios = {50, 50};
+
+    reset_manual_ratio_state();
+    refresh_ratio_labels();
+
+    rebuild_all_combos();
+    refresh_curve_editor_colors();
+    update_gradient_direction_items();
+    update_component_count_ui();
+    update_preview();
+    update_ok_button_state();
+    Layout();
+    Refresh();
+}
+
+void MixedFilamentDialog::on_recommendation_clicked_triple(unsigned int a, unsigned int b, unsigned int c)
+{
+    // Ensure we have exactly 3 combo rows
+    if (num_components() < 3) {
+        // Need to add a 3rd combo row
+        while (m_combo_filaments.size() < 3) {
+            size_t idx = m_combo_filaments.size();
+            auto* row = new wxBoxSizer(wxHORIZONTAL);
+            wxString lbl_text = wxString::Format(_L("Filament %d"), (int)(idx + 1));
+            auto* lbl = new wxStaticText(this, wxID_ANY, lbl_text);
+            lbl->SetFont(::Label::Body_12);
+            row->Add(lbl, 0, wxALIGN_CENTER_VERTICAL | wxRIGHT, FromDIP(8));
+
+            auto* combo = new ComboBox(this, wxID_ANY, wxEmptyString, wxDefaultPosition,
+                                       wxSize(FromDIP(166), FromDIP(24)), 0, nullptr, wxCB_READONLY);
+            combo->SetKeepDropArrow(true);
+            combo->Bind(wxEVT_COMBOBOX, [this](wxCommandEvent&) { on_filament_changed(); });
+            row->Add(combo, 1, wxALIGN_CENTER_VERTICAL);
+
+            m_combo_filaments.push_back(combo);
+            m_combo_to_physical.push_back({});
+            m_material_rows_sizer->Add(row, 0, wxEXPAND | wxTOP, FromDIP(9));
+        }
+    } else if (num_components() > 3) {
+        while (m_material_rows_sizer->GetItemCount() > 3) {
+            auto* sizer_item = m_material_rows_sizer->GetItem(m_material_rows_sizer->GetItemCount() - 1);
+            if (sizer_item && sizer_item->GetSizer())
+                sizer_item->GetSizer()->Clear(true);
+            m_material_rows_sizer->Remove(m_material_rows_sizer->GetItemCount() - 1);
+        }
+        while (m_combo_filaments.size() > 3)
+            m_combo_filaments.pop_back();
+        while (m_combo_to_physical.size() > 3)
+            m_combo_to_physical.pop_back();
+    }
+
+    m_result.components = {a, b, c};
+    m_result.ratios = {25, 25, 50};
+    m_tri_wx = 0.25;
+    m_tri_wy = 0.25;
+    m_tri_wz = 0.50;
+    reset_manual_ratio_state();
+
+    rebuild_all_combos();
+    refresh_curve_editor_colors();
+    update_gradient_direction_items();
+    update_component_count_ui();
+    update_preview();
+    update_ok_button_state();
+    Layout();
+    Refresh();
+}
+
+void MixedFilamentDialog::update_preview()
+{
+    if (m_preview_canvas)  m_preview_canvas->Refresh();
+    if (m_summary_panel)   m_summary_panel->Refresh();
+    if (m_ratio_bar)       m_ratio_bar->Refresh();
+    if (m_triangle_panel)  m_triangle_panel->Refresh();
+}
+
+void MixedFilamentDialog::paint_warning_panel(wxPaintEvent&)
+{
+    wxBufferedPaintDC dc(m_warning_panel);
+    wxSize sz = m_warning_panel->GetClientSize();
+
+    dc.SetBrush(wxBrush(StateColor::darkModeColorFor(*wxWHITE)));
+    dc.SetPen(*wxTRANSPARENT_PEN);
+    dc.DrawRectangle(0, 0, sz.GetWidth(), sz.GetHeight());
+
+    dc.SetBrush(wxBrush(wxColour(255, 245, 245)));
+    dc.SetPen(wxPen(wxColour("#E84C4C"), 1));
+    dc.DrawRoundedRectangle(0, 0, sz.GetWidth(), sz.GetHeight(), FromDIP(4));
+
+    int x = FromDIP(10);
+    int cy = sz.GetHeight() / 2;
+
+    int icon_r = FromDIP(7);
+    dc.SetBrush(wxBrush(wxColour("#E84C4C")));
+    dc.SetPen(*wxTRANSPARENT_PEN);
+    dc.DrawCircle(x + icon_r, cy, icon_r);
+    dc.SetFont(::Label::Body_10);
+    dc.SetTextForeground(*wxWHITE);
+    wxSize ex = dc.GetTextExtent(wxT("!"));
+    dc.DrawText(wxT("!"), x + icon_r - ex.GetWidth() / 2, cy - ex.GetHeight() / 2);
+    x += icon_r * 2 + FromDIP(6);
+
+    if (m_type_mismatch_msg.empty()) return;
+
+    dc.SetFont(::Label::Body_12);
+    dc.SetTextForeground(wxColour("#E84C4C"));
+    wxString msg = m_type_mismatch_msg;
+    int avail_w = sz.GetWidth() - x - FromDIP(10);
+    wxSize ts = dc.GetTextExtent(msg);
+    if (ts.GetWidth() <= avail_w) {
+        dc.DrawText(msg, x, cy - ts.GetHeight() / 2);
+    } else {
+        wxArrayString lines;
+        wxString cur_line;
+        wxArrayString words;
+        wxStringTokenizer tkz(msg, wxT(" "), wxTOKEN_RET_EMPTY_ALL);
+        while (tkz.HasMoreTokens()) words.Add(tkz.GetNextToken());
+        if (words.empty()) words.Add(msg);
+        for (size_t w = 0; w < words.size(); ++w) {
+            wxString test = cur_line.empty() ? words[w] : cur_line + wxT(" ") + words[w];
+            if (dc.GetTextExtent(test).GetWidth() > avail_w && !cur_line.empty()) {
+                lines.Add(cur_line);
+                cur_line = words[w];
+            } else {
+                cur_line = test;
+            }
+        }
+        if (!cur_line.empty()) lines.Add(cur_line);
+        if (lines.empty()) lines.Add(msg);
+        int line_h = dc.GetTextExtent(wxT("Mg")).GetHeight();
+        int total_h = (int)lines.size() * line_h;
+        int y0 = (sz.GetHeight() - total_h) / 2;
+        for (size_t l = 0; l < lines.size(); ++l)
+            dc.DrawText(lines[l], x, y0 + (int)l * line_h);
+    }
+}
+
+void MixedFilamentDialog::update_ok_button_state()
+{
+    if (!m_btn_ok) return;
+
+    bool has_type_mismatch = false;
+    if (!m_physical_types.empty() && m_result.components.size() >= 2) {
+        std::map<std::string, std::vector<unsigned int>> type_groups;
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < m_result.components.size(); ++i) {
+            unsigned int phys = m_result.components[i];
+            if (phys < 1 || phys > m_physical_types.size()) continue;
+            type_groups[m_physical_types[phys - 1]].push_back(phys);
+        }
+        has_type_mismatch = type_groups.size() > 1;
+        if (has_type_mismatch) {
+            wxString parts;
+            for (auto it = type_groups.begin(); it != type_groups.end(); ++it) {
+                if (!parts.empty())
+                    parts += _L(" and ");
+                wxString slots;
+                for (size_t j = 0; j < it->second.size(); ++j) {
+                    if (!slots.empty()) slots += ", ";
+                    slots += std::to_string(it->second[j]);
+                }
+                parts += wxString::Format(_L("Slot %s (%s)"), slots, wxString::FromUTF8(it->first));
+            }
+            m_type_mismatch_msg = parts + " " + _L("cannot be mixed. Please select the same filament type.");
+        }
+    }
+
+    bool has_unselected = false;
+    for (unsigned int c : m_result.components) {
+        if (c == 0) { has_unselected = true; break; }
+    }
+
+    bool can_confirm = !has_type_mismatch && !has_unselected;
+    m_btn_ok->Enable(can_confirm);
+    if (has_unselected) {
+        m_btn_ok->SetBackgroundColor(wxColour("#CECECE"));
+        m_btn_ok->SetBorderColor(wxColour("#CECECE"));
+        m_btn_ok->SetToolTip(_L("Please select a filament for all components"));
+    } else if (has_type_mismatch) {
+        m_btn_ok->SetBackgroundColor(wxColour("#CECECE"));
+        m_btn_ok->SetBorderColor(wxColour("#CECECE"));
+        m_btn_ok->SetToolTip(_L("Cannot mix different filament types"));
+    } else {
+        m_btn_ok->SetBackgroundColor(wxColour("#00AE42"));
+        m_btn_ok->SetBorderColor(wxColour("#00AE42"));
+        m_btn_ok->SetToolTip(wxEmptyString);
+    }
+
+    if (m_warning_panel) {
+        m_warning_panel->Show(has_type_mismatch);
+        Layout();
+    }
+}
+
+void MixedFilamentDialog::update_gradient_direction_items()
+{
+    if (!m_combo_gradient_dir) return;
+
+    int prev_sel = m_combo_gradient_dir->GetSelection();
+    m_combo_gradient_dir->Clear();
+
+    if (num_components() < 2) return;
+
+    auto make_direction_bitmap = [this](size_t idx_from, size_t idx_to) -> wxBitmap {
+        int swatch_sz = FromDIP(20);
+        int arrow_w   = FromDIP(16);
+        int gap       = FromDIP(4);
+        int bmp_w = swatch_sz + gap + arrow_w + gap + swatch_sz;
+        int bmp_h = swatch_sz;
+
+        wxColour dir_text = StateColor::darkModeColorFor(wxColour("#262E30"));
+
+        return make_alpha_bitmap(bmp_w, bmp_h, [&](wxDC& dc) {
+            dc.SetFont(::Label::Body_13);
+
+            auto draw_swatch = [&](int x, size_t idx) {
+                std::string color_hex = "#D9D9D9";
+                if (idx < m_physical_colors.size())
+                    color_hex = m_physical_colors[idx];
+                std::string label = std::to_string(idx + 1);
+                wxBitmap* icon = get_extruder_color_icon(color_hex, label, swatch_sz, swatch_sz);
+                if (icon && icon->IsOk())
+                    dc.DrawBitmap(*icon, x, 0);
+            };
+
+            int x = 0;
+            draw_swatch(x, idx_from);
+            x += swatch_sz + gap;
+
+            dc.SetTextForeground(dir_text);
+            wxString arrow = wxT("\u2192");
+            wxSize arrow_sz = dc.GetTextExtent(arrow);
+            dc.DrawText(arrow, x + (arrow_w - arrow_sz.GetWidth()) / 2,
+                               (bmp_h - arrow_sz.GetHeight()) / 2);
+            x += arrow_w + gap;
+
+            draw_swatch(x, idx_to);
+        });
+    };
+
+    size_t idx_a = (comp(0) >= 1) ? comp(0) - 1 : 0;
+    size_t idx_b = (comp(1) >= 1) ? comp(1) - 1 : 1;
+
+    m_combo_gradient_dir->Append(wxT(" "), make_direction_bitmap(idx_a, idx_b));
+    m_combo_gradient_dir->Append(wxT(" "), make_direction_bitmap(idx_b, idx_a));
+
+    if (prev_sel >= 0 && prev_sel < (int)m_combo_gradient_dir->GetCount())
+        m_combo_gradient_dir->SetSelection(prev_sel);
+    else
+        m_combo_gradient_dir->SetSelection(0);
+}
+
+wxSize MixedFilamentDialog::compute_dialog_size() const
+{
+    const bool is_three      = (num_components() >= 3);
+    const bool curve_visible = !is_three && m_result.gradient_enabled;
+
+    int w = FromDIP(439);
+    int h = FromDIP(580);
+    if (is_three) {
+        h = FromDIP(680);
+    } else if (curve_visible) {
+        // Wider so the gradient editor can show "Material Ratio" intact;
+        // +40 over the 3-color height to fit the curve editor while keeping the
+        // recommendation list visible (it can still scroll if needed).
+        w = FromDIP(470);
+        h = FromDIP(720);
+    }
+    return wxSize(w, h);
+}
+
+void MixedFilamentDialog::update_component_count_ui()
+{
+    bool is_two   = (num_components() == 2);
+    bool is_three = (num_components() >= 3);
+
+    // Toggle ratio slider vs triangle picker
+    if (m_ratio_sizer)
+        m_ratio_sizer->ShowItems(is_two && !m_result.gradient_enabled);
+    if (m_triangle_sizer)
+        m_triangle_sizer->ShowItems(is_three);
+
+    // 3-color: hide gradient entirely, force off
+    if (m_gradient_sizer) {
+        bool show_gradient = is_two;
+        m_chk_gradient->Show(show_gradient);
+        if (m_label_gradient) m_label_gradient->Show(show_gradient);
+        m_combo_gradient_dir->Show(show_gradient && m_result.gradient_enabled);
+        if (m_per_part_gradient_sizer)
+            m_per_part_gradient_sizer->ShowItems(show_gradient && m_result.gradient_enabled);
+        if (m_curve_sizer)
+            m_curve_sizer->ShowItems(show_gradient && m_result.gradient_enabled);
+    }
+    if (is_three) {
+        m_result.gradient_enabled = false;
+        if (m_chk_gradient) m_chk_gradient->SetValue(false);
+        m_result.per_part_gradient = false;
+        if (m_chk_per_part_gradient) m_chk_per_part_gradient->SetValue(false);
+    }
+
+    if (m_btn_add_material) {
+        bool can_add = (num_components() < (size_t)MAX_COMPONENTS && m_physical_colors.size() > num_components());
+        m_btn_add_material->Enable(can_add);
+        if (can_add) {
+            m_btn_add_material->SetTextColor(wxColour("#262E30"));
+            m_btn_add_material->SetBorderColor(wxColour("#EEEEEE"));
+            m_btn_add_material->SetToolTip(wxEmptyString);
+        } else {
+            m_btn_add_material->SetTextColor(wxColour("#CECECE"));
+            m_btn_add_material->SetBorderColor(wxColour("#EEEEEE"));
+            m_btn_add_material->SetToolTip(is_three ? _L("Maximum 3 materials for mixing") : _L("Maximum number of components reached"));
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (m_btn_remove_material) {
+        m_btn_remove_material->Show(is_three);
+        m_btn_remove_material->Enable(is_three);
+        m_btn_remove_material->SetToolTip(is_three ? _L("Remove the third material") : wxString());
+    }
+
+    const wxSize new_size = compute_dialog_size();
+    const wxRect old_rect = GetRect();
+    const wxPoint center(old_rect.x + old_rect.width / 2,
+                         old_rect.y + old_rect.height / 2);
+    SetSize(new_size);
+    SetPosition(wxPoint(center.x - new_size.x / 2,
+                        center.y - new_size.y / 2));
+    Layout();
+}
+
+} // namespace GUI
+} // namespace Slic3r
diff --git a/src/slic3r/GUI/MixedFilamentDialog.hpp b/src/slic3r/GUI/MixedFilamentDialog.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a1deaa2022
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/slic3r/GUI/MixedFilamentDialog.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,176 @@
+#ifndef slic3r_MixedFilamentDialog_hpp_
+#define slic3r_MixedFilamentDialog_hpp_
+
+#include <array>
+#include <string>
+#include <utility>
+#include <vector>
+#include <wx/bitmap.h>
+#include <wx/panel.h>
+#include <wx/tglbtn.h>
+#include <wx/stattext.h>
+
+#include "GUI_Utils.hpp"
+#include "libslic3r/FilamentMixer.hpp"
+
+class Button;
+class CheckBox;
+class ComboBox;
+class wxMouseEvent;
+class wxScrolledWindow;
+class wxTextCtrl;
+class wxWrapSizer;
+
+namespace Slic3r {
+namespace GUI {
+
+class GradientCurveEditor;
+class RatioLabelPanel;
+
+struct MixedFilamentResult {
+    std::vector<unsigned int> components;   // 1-based physical filament indices
+    std::vector<int>          ratios;       // percentages, sum = 100
+    bool gradient_enabled   = false;
+    int  gradient_direction = 0;            // 0 = A→B, 1 = B→A  (only for 2-color)
+    bool per_part_gradient  = false;        // valid only when gradient_enabled == true
+    // Optional Photoshop-style custom curve overriding the linear A→B gradient.
+    // Empty -> use linear (gradient_direction). Non-empty -> cubic Hermite over [0,1]^2
+    // with optional per-anchor tangent overrides (see GradientAnchor).
+    std::vector<GradientAnchor> gradient_curve;
+};
+
+class MixedFilamentDialog : public DPIDialog
+{
+public:
+    MixedFilamentDialog(wxWindow* parent,
+                        const std::vector<std::string>& physical_colors,
+                        const std::vector<std::string>& physical_names,
+                        const std::vector<std::string>& physical_types = {});
+
+    MixedFilamentDialog(wxWindow* parent,
+                        const MixedFilamentResult& existing,
+                        const std::vector<std::string>& physical_colors,
+                        const std::vector<std::string>& physical_names,
+                        const std::vector<std::string>& physical_types = {});
+
+    MixedFilamentResult get_result() const { return m_result; }
+
+protected:
+    void on_dpi_changed(const wxRect& suggested_rect) override;
+
+private:
+    void build_ui();
+    wxBoxSizer* create_preview_panel();
+    wxBoxSizer* create_material_selection();
+    wxBoxSizer* create_ratio_slider();
+    wxBoxSizer* create_triangle_picker();
+    wxBoxSizer* create_gradient_section();
+    wxBoxSizer* create_recommendation_grid();
+    wxBoxSizer* create_button_panel();
+
+    void on_filament_changed();
+    void on_ratio_changed(int new_ratio_a);
+    void on_gradient_toggled();
+    void on_gradient_direction_changed();
+    void on_gradient_curve_changed();
+    void on_per_part_gradient_toggled();
+    void on_add_material();
+    void on_remove_material();
+    void on_recommendation_clicked(unsigned int comp_a, unsigned int comp_b);
+    void on_recommendation_clicked_triple(unsigned int a, unsigned int b, unsigned int c);
+    void apply_manual_ratio(size_t idx, int value);
+    void apply_dragged_triangle_ratio(int r0, int r1, int r2);
+    void reset_manual_ratio_state();
+    void refresh_ratio_labels();
+    void sync_triangle_weights_from_ratios();
+    void start_ratio_editor(size_t idx, wxWindow* anchor, const wxRect& anchor_rect);
+    void commit_ratio_editor(bool apply);
+    void commit_ratio_editor_from_background(wxMouseEvent& e);
+    void update_preview();
+    void update_ok_button_state();
+    void update_gradient_direction_items();
+    void update_component_count_ui();
+    // Picks dialog (width, height) based on current state so the gradient curve
+    // editor and the recommendation list stay visible at the same time.
+    wxSize compute_dialog_size() const;
+    void rebuild_all_combos();
+    void rebuild_recommendation_items();
+    void refresh_curve_editor_colors();
+    void paint_warning_panel(wxPaintEvent& evt);
+
+    wxBitmap make_swatch_bitmap(size_t idx);
+
+    // Helpers for component/ratio access
+    size_t          num_components() const { return m_result.components.size(); }
+    unsigned int    comp(size_t i) const { return (i < m_result.components.size()) ? m_result.components[i] : 1; }
+    int             ratio(size_t i) const { return (i < m_result.ratios.size()) ? m_result.ratios[i] : 0; }
+    wxColour        comp_colour(size_t i) const;
+
+    MixedFilamentResult         m_result;
+    bool                        m_edit_mode{false};
+    std::vector<std::string>    m_physical_colors;
+    std::vector<std::string>    m_physical_names;
+    std::vector<std::string>    m_physical_types;
+    wxString                    m_type_mismatch_msg;
+
+    // Combo item index -> 1-based physical filament index (per combo)
+    std::vector<std::vector<unsigned int>> m_combo_to_physical;
+
+    // UI controls
+    wxPanel*                    m_preview_canvas{nullptr};
+    wxPanel*                    m_summary_panel{nullptr};
+    std::vector<ComboBox*>      m_combo_filaments;
+    wxBoxSizer*                 m_material_rows_sizer{nullptr};
+    wxPanel*                    m_ratio_bar{nullptr};
+    wxPanel*                    m_triangle_panel{nullptr};
+    RatioLabelPanel*            m_label_ratio_a{nullptr};
+    RatioLabelPanel*            m_label_ratio_b{nullptr};
+    wxPanel*                    m_ratio_editor_panel{nullptr};
+    wxTextCtrl*                 m_ratio_editor{nullptr};
+    CheckBox*                   m_chk_gradient{nullptr};
+    wxStaticText*               m_label_gradient{nullptr};
+    ComboBox*                   m_combo_gradient_dir{nullptr};
+    wxBoxSizer*                 m_gradient_sizer{nullptr};
+    GradientCurveEditor*        m_curve_editor{nullptr};
+    wxBoxSizer*                 m_curve_sizer{nullptr};
+    CheckBox*                   m_chk_per_part_gradient{nullptr};
+    wxStaticText*               m_label_per_part_gradient{nullptr};
+    wxBoxSizer*                 m_per_part_gradient_sizer{nullptr};
+    Button*                     m_btn_add_material{nullptr};
+    Button*                     m_btn_remove_material{nullptr};
+    Button*                     m_btn_ok{nullptr};
+    Button*                     m_btn_cancel{nullptr};
+    wxBoxSizer*                 m_warning_sizer{nullptr};
+    wxPanel*                    m_warning_panel{nullptr};
+
+    wxBoxSizer*                 m_ratio_sizer{nullptr};
+    wxBoxSizer*                 m_triangle_sizer{nullptr};
+    wxBoxSizer*                 m_right_sizer{nullptr};
+
+    wxScrolledWindow*           m_recommendation_scroll{nullptr};
+    wxWrapSizer*                m_recommendation_grid{nullptr};
+
+    // Cached preview bitmaps (loaded once at construction)
+    wxBitmap                    m_preview_bmp_two;
+    wxBitmap                    m_preview_bmp_three;
+
+    // Drag state
+    bool   m_dragging{false};
+    std::vector<size_t> m_ratio_manual_order;
+    size_t m_ratio_editor_idx{0};
+    bool   m_ratio_editor_committing{false};
+    wxWindow* m_ratio_editor_anchor{nullptr};
+    // Triangle picker drag point (barycentric weights)
+    double m_tri_wx{0.333}, m_tri_wy{0.333}, m_tri_wz{0.334};
+
+    // Cached triangle color bitmap (invalidated when colors or size change)
+    wxBitmap m_tri_cache_bmp;
+    wxColour m_tri_cache_c0, m_tri_cache_c1, m_tri_cache_c2;
+    wxSize   m_tri_cache_size;
+    std::array<RatioLabelPanel*, 3> m_triangle_ratio_labels{nullptr, nullptr, nullptr};
+};
+
+} // namespace GUI
+} // namespace Slic3r
+
+#endif // slic3r_MixedFilamentDialog_hpp_
diff --git a/src/slic3r/GUI/NotificationManager.hpp b/src/slic3r/GUI/NotificationManager.hpp
index 22720bf33e..7a3e6b8bb5 100644
--- a/src/slic3r/GUI/NotificationManager.hpp
+++ b/src/slic3r/GUI/NotificationManager.hpp
@@ -162,6 +162,8 @@ enum class NotificationType
 	//BBL: plugin install hint
 	BBLPluginInstallHint,
     BBLFlushingVolumeZero,
+    // A mixed-color filament references a deleted component, or its components disagree in type.
+    BBLMixedFilamentBroken,
 	BBLPluginUpdateAvailable,
 	BBLPreviewOnlyMode,
     BBLPrinterConfigUpdateAvailable,
diff --git a/src/slic3r/GUI/PartPlate.cpp b/src/slic3r/GUI/PartPlate.cpp
index 910c761c06..1bbe1fc034 100644
--- a/src/slic3r/GUI/PartPlate.cpp
+++ b/src/slic3r/GUI/PartPlate.cpp
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
 #include <sstream>
 #include <regex>
 #include "libslic3r/MultiNozzleUtils.hpp"
+#include "libslic3r/FilamentMixer.hpp"
 #include <future>
 #include <glad/gl.h>
 #include <boost/algorithm/string.hpp>
@@ -1675,6 +1676,25 @@ std::vector<int> PartPlate::get_extruders(bool conside_custom_gcode) const
 	std::sort(plate_extruders.begin(), plate_extruders.end());
 	auto it_end = std::unique(plate_extruders.begin(), plate_extruders.end());
 	plate_extruders.resize(std::distance(plate_extruders.begin(), it_end));
+
+	// Expand mixed filament slots to their physical components. A mixed slot is virtual and
+	// is never loaded into a tray, so callers (AMS mapping, filament checks) must see the
+	// physical filaments it resolves to instead.
+	{
+		auto& project_config = wxGetApp().preset_bundle->project_config;
+		auto* is_mixed_opt = project_config.option<ConfigOptionBools>("filament_is_mixed");
+		auto* comp_strs_opt = project_config.option<ConfigOptionStrings>("filament_mixed_components");
+		if (is_mixed_opt && comp_strs_opt && has_any_mixed_filament(is_mixed_opt->values)) {
+			std::vector<unsigned int> ext_0based;
+			for (int e : plate_extruders)
+				if (e >= 1) ext_0based.push_back((unsigned int)(e - 1));
+			auto expanded = expand_mixed_filaments(ext_0based, is_mixed_opt->values, comp_strs_opt->values);
+			plate_extruders.clear();
+			for (unsigned int e : expanded)
+				plate_extruders.push_back((int)(e + 1));
+		}
+	}
+
 	return plate_extruders;
 }
 
@@ -1836,6 +1856,24 @@ std::vector<int> PartPlate::get_extruders_under_cli(bool conside_custom_gcode, D
     std::sort(plate_extruders.begin(), plate_extruders.end());
     auto it_end = std::unique(plate_extruders.begin(), plate_extruders.end());
     plate_extruders.resize(std::distance(plate_extruders.begin(), it_end));
+
+    // Expand mixed filament slots to their physical components. A mixed slot is virtual and
+    // is never loaded into a tray, so callers (AMS mapping, filament checks) must see the
+    // physical filaments it resolves to instead.
+    {
+        auto* is_mixed_opt = full_config.option<ConfigOptionBools>("filament_is_mixed");
+        auto* comp_strs_opt = full_config.option<ConfigOptionStrings>("filament_mixed_components");
+        if (is_mixed_opt && comp_strs_opt && has_any_mixed_filament(is_mixed_opt->values)) {
+            std::vector<unsigned int> ext_0based;
+            for (int e : plate_extruders)
+                if (e >= 1) ext_0based.push_back((unsigned int)(e - 1));
+            auto expanded = expand_mixed_filaments(ext_0based, is_mixed_opt->values, comp_strs_opt->values);
+            plate_extruders.clear();
+            for (unsigned int e : expanded)
+                plate_extruders.push_back((int)(e + 1));
+        }
+    }
+
     return plate_extruders;
 }
 
@@ -1889,6 +1927,25 @@ std::vector<int> PartPlate::get_extruders_without_support(bool conside_custom_gc
 	std::sort(plate_extruders.begin(), plate_extruders.end());
 	auto it_end = std::unique(plate_extruders.begin(), plate_extruders.end());
 	plate_extruders.resize(std::distance(plate_extruders.begin(), it_end));
+
+	// Expand mixed filament slots to their physical components. A mixed slot is virtual and
+	// is never loaded into a tray, so callers (AMS mapping, filament checks) must see the
+	// physical filaments it resolves to instead.
+	{
+		auto& project_config = wxGetApp().preset_bundle->project_config;
+		auto* is_mixed_opt = project_config.option<ConfigOptionBools>("filament_is_mixed");
+		auto* comp_strs_opt = project_config.option<ConfigOptionStrings>("filament_mixed_components");
+		if (is_mixed_opt && comp_strs_opt && has_any_mixed_filament(is_mixed_opt->values)) {
+			std::vector<unsigned int> ext_0based;
+			for (int e : plate_extruders)
+				if (e >= 1) ext_0based.push_back((unsigned int)(e - 1));
+			auto expanded = expand_mixed_filaments(ext_0based, is_mixed_opt->values, comp_strs_opt->values);
+			plate_extruders.clear();
+			for (unsigned int e : expanded)
+				plate_extruders.push_back((int)(e + 1));
+		}
+	}
+
 	return plate_extruders;
 }
 
@@ -1990,6 +2047,55 @@ bool PartPlate::check_tpu_printable_status(const DynamicPrintConfig & config, co
 	return true;
 }
 
+// A mixed-color filament alternates between its components constantly. On a single-nozzle
+// printer every one of those switches is a full filament change plus a purge, so warn the
+// user before they commit to it. Printers with more than one nozzle can keep the components
+// loaded simultaneously and are not affected.
+//
+// BBS additionally excludes its H2C/H2D/X2D models by name; those are multi-nozzle machines
+// already ruled out by the nozzle_diameter test above, so the name check is dropped here
+// rather than carried over as a Bambu-specific special case.
+bool PartPlate::check_single_extruder_mixed_filament_risk(const DynamicPrintConfig &config, std::string &warning_text) const
+{
+    warning_text.clear();
+
+    auto *nozzle_diameter_opt = config.option<ConfigOptionFloatsNullable>("nozzle_diameter");
+    if (!nozzle_diameter_opt || nozzle_diameter_opt->values.size() > 1)
+        return false;
+
+    auto *is_mixed_opt = wxGetApp().preset_bundle->project_config.option<ConfigOptionBools>("filament_is_mixed");
+    if (!is_mixed_opt || !has_any_mixed_filament(is_mixed_opt->values))
+        return false;
+
+    auto is_mixed_slot = [&](int extruder_1based) {
+        size_t idx = (size_t)(extruder_1based - 1);
+        return idx < is_mixed_opt->values.size() && is_mixed_opt->values[idx];
+    };
+
+    const std::string mixed_warn_msg = _u8L("Printing mixed-color filament on a single-extruder printer requires frequent filament changes and flushing, "
+                                            "which may significantly increase waste and the risk of nozzle / waste-chute clogging.");
+
+    for (int obj_idx = 0; obj_idx < (int)m_model->objects.size(); ++obj_idx) {
+        if (!contain_instance_totally(obj_idx, 0))
+            continue;
+        ModelObject *mo = m_model->objects[obj_idx];
+        int obj_ext = mo->config.has("extruder") ? mo->config.extruder() : 1;
+        if (is_mixed_slot(obj_ext)) {
+            warning_text = mixed_warn_msg;
+            return true;
+        }
+        for (ModelVolume *mv : mo->volumes) {
+            int vol_ext = mv->config.has("extruder") ? mv->config.extruder() : obj_ext;
+            if (is_mixed_slot(vol_ext)) {
+                warning_text = mixed_warn_msg;
+                return true;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    return false;
+}
+
 bool PartPlate::check_mixture_of_pla_and_petg(const DynamicPrintConfig &config)
 {
     bool has_pla = false;
diff --git a/src/slic3r/GUI/PartPlate.hpp b/src/slic3r/GUI/PartPlate.hpp
index 47481dcad4..5760320b49 100644
--- a/src/slic3r/GUI/PartPlate.hpp
+++ b/src/slic3r/GUI/PartPlate.hpp
@@ -354,6 +354,9 @@ public:
     bool check_filament_printable(const DynamicPrintConfig & config, wxString& error_message);
     bool check_tpu_printable_status(const DynamicPrintConfig & config, const std::vector<int> &tpu_filaments);
     bool check_mixture_of_pla_and_petg(const DynamicPrintConfig & config);
+    // Warns when a mixed-color filament is used on a single-nozzle printer, where every
+    // component switch costs a full filament change and purge.
+    bool check_single_extruder_mixed_filament_risk(const DynamicPrintConfig &config, std::string &warning_text) const;
     bool check_mixture_filament_compatible(const DynamicPrintConfig& config, std::string &error_msg);
     bool check_compatible_of_nozzle_and_filament(const DynamicPrintConfig & config, const std::vector<std::string>& filament_presets, std::string& error_msg);
 
diff --git a/src/slic3r/GUI/Plater.cpp b/src/slic3r/GUI/Plater.cpp
index af6b564ab1..676d29b961 100644
--- a/src/slic3r/GUI/Plater.cpp
+++ b/src/slic3r/GUI/Plater.cpp
@@ -166,6 +166,12 @@
 #include <wx/glcanvas.h>    // Needs to be last because reasons :-/
 #include <libslic3r/miniz_extension.hpp>
 #include "WipeTowerDialog.hpp"
+#include "MixedFilamentDialog.hpp"
+#include "TextureImportDialog.hpp"
+#include "libslic3r/TexturePainting.hpp"
+#include "ColorDecomposeSupport.hpp"
+#include "FilamentBitmapUtils.hpp"
+#include "libslic3r/FilamentMixer.hpp"
 #include "ObjColorDialog.hpp"
 
 #include "libslic3r/CustomGCode.hpp"
@@ -202,6 +208,17 @@ static const std::pair<unsigned int, unsigned int> THUMBNAIL_SIZE_3MF = { 512, 5
 namespace Slic3r {
 namespace GUI {
 
+// A textured mesh is only worth routing through the import dialog when it actually carries
+// decoded image data; UV-only meshes have nothing to sample.
+static bool has_importable_texture(const Slic3r::TexturedMesh& textured_mesh)
+{
+    if (textured_mesh.vertices.empty() || textured_mesh.indices.empty())
+        return false;
+
+    return std::any_of(textured_mesh.textures.begin(), textured_mesh.textures.end(),
+        [](const Slic3r::TextureImage& texture) { return !texture.data.empty(); });
+}
+
 wxDEFINE_EVENT(EVT_SCHEDULE_BACKGROUND_PROCESS,     SimpleEvent);
 wxDEFINE_EVENT(EVT_SLICING_UPDATE,                  SlicingStatusEvent);
 wxDEFINE_EVENT(EVT_SLICING_COMPLETED,               wxCommandEvent);
@@ -718,6 +735,22 @@ struct Sidebar::priv
     ScalableButton *  m_bpButton_set_filament;
     int m_menu_filament_id = -1;
     wxScrolledWindow* m_panel_filament_content;
+
+    // Mixed-color filament section. Sits directly under the physical filament list in
+    // scrolled_sizer. BBS hosts the equivalent widgets inside an m_filament_area_wrapper
+    // that Orca's sidebar has no counterpart for, so these are parented to p->scrolled.
+    wxPanel*          m_btn_add_mixed_filament{nullptr};  // "+ Add Mixed Filament" full-width button
+    wxPanel*          m_panel_mixed_title{nullptr};       // title row: "Mixed Filament" + add/del buttons
+    wxStaticText*     m_text_mixed_title{nullptr};
+    ScalableButton*   m_btn_mixed_add{nullptr};
+    ScalableButton*   m_btn_mixed_del{nullptr};
+    wxScrolledWindow* m_mixed_scroll_area{nullptr};       // independent scrollbar for mixed rows
+    wxPanel*          m_panel_mixed_content{nullptr};
+    wxBoxSizer*       m_sizer_mixed_filaments{nullptr};   // two-column, mirrors sizer_filaments
+    wxPanel*          m_panel_mixed_warning{nullptr};     // red bar for broken/mismatched mixes
+    wxStaticText*     m_text_mixed_warning{nullptr};
+    bool              m_mixed_filament_broken{false};
+
     wxScrolledWindow* m_scrolledWindow_filament_content;
     wxStaticLine* m_staticline2;
     wxPanel* m_panel_project_title;
@@ -2991,6 +3024,123 @@ Sidebar::Sidebar(Plater *parent)
     update_filaments_area_height(); // ORCA
 
     scrolled_sizer->Add(p->m_panel_filament_content, 0, wxEXPAND | wxTOP | wxBOTTOM, FromDIP(SidebarProps::ContentMarginV())); // ORCA use vertical margin on parent otherwise it shows scrollbar even on 1 filament
+
+    // ---- Mixed-color filament section ----
+    // A mixed filament is a virtual slot realized from 2-3 physical filaments at slicing time.
+    // Everything here stays hidden until at least two physical filaments exist, so a single
+    // filament setup looks exactly as before.
+    {
+    // 1) "+ Add Mixed Filament" button, shown only while no mixed filament exists yet.
+    p->m_btn_add_mixed_filament = new wxPanel(p->scrolled, wxID_ANY);
+    p->m_btn_add_mixed_filament->SetBackgroundColour(StateColor::darkModeColorFor(wxColour("#F8F8F8")));
+    p->m_btn_add_mixed_filament->SetMinSize(wxSize(-1, FromDIP(23)));
+    {
+        auto* btn_sizer = new wxBoxSizer(wxHORIZONTAL);
+        auto* icon_add  = new ScalableButton(p->m_btn_add_mixed_filament, wxID_ANY, "add_filament", wxEmptyString,
+                                             wxDefaultSize, wxDefaultPosition, wxBU_EXACTFIT | wxNO_BORDER, false, 16);
+        auto* add_label = new wxStaticText(p->m_btn_add_mixed_filament, wxID_ANY, _L("Add Mixed Filament"),
+                                           wxDefaultPosition, wxDefaultSize, 0);
+        add_label->SetFont(::Label::Body_13);
+        btn_sizer->AddStretchSpacer();
+        btn_sizer->Add(icon_add, 0, wxALIGN_CENTER_VERTICAL | wxRIGHT, FromDIP(4));
+        btn_sizer->Add(add_label, 0, wxALIGN_CENTER_VERTICAL);
+        btn_sizer->AddStretchSpacer();
+        p->m_btn_add_mixed_filament->SetSizer(btn_sizer);
+        p->m_btn_add_mixed_filament->SetCursor(wxCursor(wxCURSOR_HAND));
+        // Whole panel is the hit target, so forward clicks from the children too.
+        auto on_click = [this](wxMouseEvent&) { add_mixed_filament(); };
+        p->m_btn_add_mixed_filament->Bind(wxEVT_LEFT_UP, on_click);
+        add_label->Bind(wxEVT_LEFT_UP, on_click);
+        icon_add->Bind(wxEVT_BUTTON, [this](wxCommandEvent&) { add_mixed_filament(); });
+    }
+    scrolled_sizer->Add(p->m_btn_add_mixed_filament, 0, wxEXPAND | wxLEFT | wxRIGHT | wxTOP | wxBOTTOM, FromDIP(8));
+
+    // 2) Title row with add / remove buttons, shown once a mixed filament exists.
+    p->m_panel_mixed_title = new wxPanel(p->scrolled, wxID_ANY);
+    p->m_panel_mixed_title->SetBackgroundColour(StateColor::darkModeColorFor(*wxWHITE));
+    {
+        auto* title_sizer = new wxBoxSizer(wxHORIZONTAL);
+        p->m_text_mixed_title = new wxStaticText(p->m_panel_mixed_title, wxID_ANY, _L("Mixed Filament"));
+        p->m_text_mixed_title->SetFont(::Label::Head_14);
+        title_sizer->Add(p->m_text_mixed_title, 0, wxALIGN_CENTER_VERTICAL | wxLEFT, FromDIP(SidebarProps::TitlebarMargin()));
+        title_sizer->AddStretchSpacer();
+
+        p->m_btn_mixed_del = new ScalableButton(p->m_panel_mixed_title, wxID_ANY, "delete_filament");
+        p->m_btn_mixed_del->SetToolTip(_L("Remove last mixed filament"));
+        p->m_btn_mixed_del->Bind(wxEVT_BUTTON, [this](wxCommandEvent&) {
+            auto* plater_ptr = dynamic_cast<Plater*>(GetParent());
+            if (!plater_ptr) return;
+            auto mixed_indices = plater_ptr->mixed_filament_config_indices();
+            if (!mixed_indices.empty())
+                delete_mixed_filament_at(mixed_indices.size() - 1);
+        });
+        title_sizer->Add(p->m_btn_mixed_del, 0, wxALIGN_CENTER_VERTICAL | wxLEFT, FromDIP(SidebarProps::IconSpacing()));
+
+        p->m_btn_mixed_add = new ScalableButton(p->m_panel_mixed_title, wxID_ANY, "add_filament");
+        p->m_btn_mixed_add->SetToolTip(_L("Add mixed filament"));
+        p->m_btn_mixed_add->Bind(wxEVT_BUTTON, [this](wxCommandEvent&) { add_mixed_filament(); });
+        title_sizer->Add(p->m_btn_mixed_add, 0, wxALIGN_CENTER_VERTICAL | wxLEFT, FromDIP(SidebarProps::IconSpacing()));
+        title_sizer->AddSpacer(FromDIP(SidebarProps::TitlebarMargin()));
+
+        p->m_panel_mixed_title->SetSizer(title_sizer);
+    }
+    scrolled_sizer->Add(p->m_panel_mixed_title, 0, wxEXPAND | wxTOP | wxBOTTOM, FromDIP(8));
+
+    // 3) Mixed filament rows, in their own scroll area so a long mixed list does not
+    //    push the physical filament list off screen.
+    p->m_mixed_scroll_area = new wxScrolledWindow(p->scrolled, wxID_ANY, wxDefaultPosition, wxDefaultSize, wxTAB_TRAVERSAL);
+    p->m_mixed_scroll_area->SetScrollbars(0, 100, 1, 2);
+    p->m_mixed_scroll_area->SetScrollRate(0, 5);
+    p->m_mixed_scroll_area->SetBackgroundColour(StateColor::darkModeColorFor(*wxWHITE));
+    {
+        auto* mix_scroll_sizer = new wxBoxSizer(wxVERTICAL);
+        p->m_panel_mixed_content = new wxPanel(p->m_mixed_scroll_area, wxID_ANY);
+        p->m_panel_mixed_content->SetBackgroundColour(StateColor::darkModeColorFor(*wxWHITE));
+
+        // Two columns, same idiom as sizer_filaments.
+        p->m_sizer_mixed_filaments = new wxBoxSizer(wxHORIZONTAL);
+        p->m_sizer_mixed_filaments->Add(new wxBoxSizer(wxVERTICAL), 1, wxEXPAND);
+        p->m_sizer_mixed_filaments->Add(new wxBoxSizer(wxVERTICAL), 1, wxEXPAND);
+
+        auto* sizer_mixed2 = new wxBoxSizer(wxVERTICAL);
+        sizer_mixed2->Add(p->m_sizer_mixed_filaments, 0, wxEXPAND, 0);
+        p->m_panel_mixed_content->SetSizer(sizer_mixed2);
+        mix_scroll_sizer->Add(p->m_panel_mixed_content, 0, wxEXPAND | wxBOTTOM, FromDIP(8));
+        p->m_mixed_scroll_area->SetSizer(mix_scroll_sizer);
+    }
+    p->m_mixed_scroll_area->EnableScrolling(false, true);
+    p->m_mixed_scroll_area->ShowScrollbars(wxSHOW_SB_NEVER, wxSHOW_SB_DEFAULT);
+    p->m_mixed_scroll_area->Bind(wxEVT_SIZE, [this](wxSizeEvent& e) {
+        int w = p->m_mixed_scroll_area->GetClientSize().GetWidth();
+        if (w > 0)
+            p->m_mixed_scroll_area->SetVirtualSize(w, p->m_mixed_scroll_area->GetVirtualSize().GetHeight());
+        e.Skip();
+    });
+    scrolled_sizer->Add(p->m_mixed_scroll_area, 0, wxEXPAND, 0);
+
+    // 4) Warning bar for mixes whose components were deleted or whose types disagree.
+    p->m_panel_mixed_warning = new wxPanel(p->scrolled, wxID_ANY);
+    p->m_panel_mixed_warning->SetBackgroundColour(wxColour("#FDE8E8"));
+    {
+        auto* warn_sizer = new wxBoxSizer(wxHORIZONTAL);
+        p->m_text_mixed_warning = new wxStaticText(p->m_panel_mixed_warning, wxID_ANY,
+            _L("Mixed filament has invalid or mismatched components. Please re-edit affected entries."));
+        p->m_text_mixed_warning->SetForegroundColour(wxColour("#D32F2F"));
+        p->m_text_mixed_warning->SetFont(::Label::Body_12);
+        p->m_text_mixed_warning->Wrap(FromDIP(360));
+        warn_sizer->Add(p->m_text_mixed_warning, 1, wxALL, FromDIP(6));
+        p->m_panel_mixed_warning->SetSizer(warn_sizer);
+    }
+    scrolled_sizer->Add(p->m_panel_mixed_warning, 0, wxEXPAND | wxLEFT | wxRIGHT, FromDIP(8));
+
+    // Hidden until update_mixed_filament_list() decides otherwise.
+    p->m_btn_add_mixed_filament->Hide();
+    p->m_panel_mixed_title->Hide();
+    p->m_mixed_scroll_area->Hide();
+    p->m_panel_mixed_content->Hide();
+    p->m_panel_mixed_warning->Hide();
+    }
+    // ---- End mixed-color filament section ----
     }
 
     {
@@ -3696,6 +3846,1110 @@ void Sidebar::change_top_border_for_mode_sizer(bool increase_border)
 #endif
 }
 
+
+// ---- Mixed-color filament sidebar support ----
+// Ported from BambuStudio's 混色耗材 feature. BBS hosts these widgets in an
+// m_filament_area_wrapper that Orca's sidebar has no counterpart for, so the mixed
+// section is parented to p->scrolled and sized with Orca's own row-height preference
+// (filaments_area_preferred_count) rather than BBS's fixed 3-row / 12-filament cap.
+void Sidebar::recalc_filament_scroll_sizes()
+{
+    if (!p->m_mixed_scroll_area || !p->m_mixed_scroll_area->GetSizer())
+        return;
+
+    // Same preferred-row budget the physical list uses, so both lists cap consistently.
+    auto left_sizer  = p->sizer_filaments->GetItem((size_t) 0)->GetSizer();
+    auto combo_sizer = left_sizer->GetItem((size_t) 0)->GetSizer();
+    const int row_h  = combo_sizer ? combo_sizer->GetSize().GetHeight() : 0;
+    int preferred_rows = std::ceil(0.5 * std::stoi(wxGetApp().app_config->get("filaments_area_preferred_count")));
+    const int max_h = (row_h > 0) ? preferred_rows * row_h : -1;
+
+    auto content_size = p->m_mixed_scroll_area->GetSizer()->GetMinSize();
+    if (max_h > 0 && content_size.y > max_h) {
+        p->m_mixed_scroll_area->SetMaxSize({-1, max_h});
+        content_size.y = max_h;
+    } else {
+        p->m_mixed_scroll_area->SetMaxSize({-1, -1});
+    }
+    p->m_mixed_scroll_area->SetMinSize({0, content_size.y});
+}
+static std::string blend_mixed_color(const std::vector<unsigned int> &comp_ids,
+                                     const std::vector<int>          &ratios,
+                                     const std::vector<std::string>  &color_strs)
+{
+    std::vector<std::string> hex_colors;
+    hex_colors.reserve(comp_ids.size());
+    for (unsigned int id : comp_ids)
+        hex_colors.push_back((id >= 1 && id <= color_strs.size()) ? color_strs[id - 1] : "#808080");
+    return Slic3r::blend_color_multi(hex_colors, ratios);
+}
+
+void Sidebar::update_mixed_filament_list()
+{
+    auto* plater = dynamic_cast<Plater*>(GetParent());
+    if (!plater) return;
+
+    wxWindowUpdateLocker noUpdates(this);
+
+    const wxColour mc_bg     = StateColor::darkModeColorFor(*wxWHITE);
+    const wxColour mc_border = StateColor::darkModeColorFor(wxColour("#CECECE"));
+    const wxColour mc_text   = StateColor::darkModeColorFor(wxColour("#262E30"));
+    const wxColour mc_dim    = StateColor::darkModeColorFor(wxColour("#ACACAC"));
+
+    auto& project_config = wxGetApp().preset_bundle->project_config;
+    auto mixed_indices = plater->mixed_filament_config_indices();
+    size_t num_physical = p->combos_filament.size();
+
+    auto* is_mixed_opt    = project_config.option<ConfigOptionBools>("filament_is_mixed");
+    auto* components_opt  = project_config.option<ConfigOptionStrings>("filament_mixed_components");
+    auto* ratios_opt      = project_config.option<ConfigOptionStrings>("filament_mixed_sublayer_ratios");
+    auto* colours_opt     = project_config.option<ConfigOptionStrings>("filament_colour");
+    auto* grad_opt        = project_config.option<ConfigOptionBools>("filament_mixed_gradient");
+    auto* grad_range_opt  = project_config.option<ConfigOptionStrings>("filament_mixed_gradient_range");
+
+    bool can_mix = (num_physical >= 2);
+    bool has_mixed = can_mix && !mixed_indices.empty();
+
+    // Check integrity of mixed filament component references
+    std::vector<size_t> broken_slots;
+    if (is_mixed_opt && components_opt)
+        broken_slots = check_mixed_filament_integrity(is_mixed_opt->values, components_opt->values, num_physical);
+    std::set<size_t> broken_set(broken_slots.begin(), broken_slots.end());
+
+    // Type consistency check
+    if (is_mixed_opt && components_opt) {
+        std::vector<std::string> physical_types;
+        auto& preset_bundle = *wxGetApp().preset_bundle;
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < num_physical; ++i) {
+            std::string ft;
+            if (i < preset_bundle.filament_presets.size()) {
+                auto* preset = preset_bundle.filaments.find_preset(preset_bundle.filament_presets[i]);
+                if (preset) {
+                    std::string display_type;
+                    ft = preset->config.get_filament_type(display_type);
+                }
+            }
+            if (ft.empty()) ft = "PLA";
+            physical_types.push_back(ft);
+        }
+        auto type_mismatch_slots = check_mixed_filament_type_consistency(
+            is_mixed_opt->values, components_opt->values, physical_types);
+        for (size_t s : type_mismatch_slots)
+            broken_set.insert(s);
+        broken_slots.insert(broken_slots.end(), type_mismatch_slots.begin(), type_mismatch_slots.end());
+    }
+
+    bool at_limit = (wxGetApp().preset_bundle->filament_presets.size() >= size_t(EnforcerBlockerType::ExtruderMax));
+    p->m_btn_add_mixed_filament->Show(can_mix && !has_mixed && !at_limit);
+    p->m_panel_mixed_title->Show(has_mixed);
+    p->m_mixed_scroll_area->Show(has_mixed);
+    p->m_panel_mixed_content->Show(has_mixed);
+    if (p->m_btn_mixed_add)
+        p->m_btn_mixed_add->Enable(!at_limit);
+    p->m_panel_mixed_warning->Show(false);
+
+    // Show/dismiss 3D canvas notification for broken mixed filaments
+    if (has_mixed && !broken_set.empty()) {
+        auto* notify = wxGetApp().plater()->get_notification_manager();
+        if (notify)
+            notify->push_notification(NotificationType::BBLMixedFilamentBroken,
+                NotificationManager::NotificationLevel::ErrorNotificationLevel,
+                _u8L("Mixed filament has invalid or mismatched components. Please re-edit affected entries."));
+    } else {
+        auto* notify = wxGetApp().plater()->get_notification_manager();
+        if (notify)
+            notify->close_notification_of_type(NotificationType::BBLMixedFilamentBroken);
+    }
+
+    if (has_mixed) {
+        auto* left_col  = p->m_sizer_mixed_filaments->GetItem(size_t(0))->GetSizer();
+        auto* right_col = p->m_sizer_mixed_filaments->GetItem(size_t(1))->GetSizer();
+        left_col->Clear(true);
+        right_col->Clear(true);
+
+        std::vector<std::string> physical_colors;
+        if (colours_opt) {
+            for (size_t i = 0; i < num_physical && i < colours_opt->values.size(); ++i)
+                physical_colors.push_back(colours_opt->values[i]);
+        }
+
+        auto make_swatch_panel = [this, mc_text](wxWindow* parent, const wxColour& col, unsigned int num) -> wxPanel* {
+            int swatch_sz = FromDIP(20);
+            auto* panel = new wxPanel(parent, wxID_ANY, wxDefaultPosition, wxSize(swatch_sz, swatch_sz));
+            panel->SetMinSize(wxSize(swatch_sz, swatch_sz));
+            bool is_dark = wxGetApp().dark_mode();
+            panel->Bind(wxEVT_PAINT, [panel, col, num, mc_text, is_dark](wxPaintEvent&) {
+                wxPaintDC dc(panel);
+                wxSize sz = panel->GetClientSize();
+                dc.SetBackground(wxBrush(col));
+                dc.Clear();
+                if (!is_dark && col.Red() > 224 && col.Green() > 224 && col.Blue() > 224) {
+                    dc.SetPen(wxPen(wxColour(130, 130, 128), 1));
+                    dc.SetBrush(*wxTRANSPARENT_BRUSH);
+                    dc.DrawRectangle(0, 0, sz.GetWidth(), sz.GetHeight());
+                }
+                if (is_dark && col.Red() < 45 && col.Green() < 45 && col.Blue() < 45) {
+                    dc.SetPen(wxPen(wxColour(207, 207, 207), 1));
+                    dc.SetBrush(*wxTRANSPARENT_BRUSH);
+                    dc.DrawRectangle(0, 0, sz.GetWidth(), sz.GetHeight());
+                }
+                wxString txt = wxString::Format("%u", num);
+                dc.SetFont(::Label::Body_14);
+                wxSize txt_sz = dc.GetTextExtent(txt);
+                dc.SetTextForeground(col.GetLuminance() > 0.5 ? wxColour(50, 58, 61) : *wxWHITE);
+                dc.DrawText(txt, (sz.GetWidth() - txt_sz.GetWidth()) / 2,
+                                 (sz.GetHeight() - txt_sz.GetHeight()) / 2);
+            });
+            return panel;
+        };
+
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < mixed_indices.size(); ++i) {
+            size_t cfg_idx = mixed_indices[i];
+            auto* combo_and_btn_sizer = new wxBoxSizer(wxHORIZONTAL);
+
+            combo_and_btn_sizer->Add(FromDIP(10), 0, 0, 0, 0);
+
+            // Parse components and ratios from config strings (supports 2-N components)
+            std::vector<unsigned int> comp_ids;
+            std::vector<int> comp_ratios;
+            if (components_opt && cfg_idx < components_opt->values.size()) {
+                std::istringstream iss(components_opt->values[cfg_idx]);
+                std::string tok;
+                while (std::getline(iss, tok, ',')) {
+                    unsigned int v = 0;
+                    if (std::sscanf(tok.c_str(), "%u", &v) == 1)
+                        comp_ids.push_back(v);
+                }
+            }
+            if (ratios_opt && cfg_idx < ratios_opt->values.size()) {
+                CNumericLocalesSetter c_locale_setter;
+                std::istringstream iss(ratios_opt->values[cfg_idx]);
+                std::string tok;
+                while (std::getline(iss, tok, ',')) {
+                    float v = 0;
+                    if (std::sscanf(tok.c_str(), "%f", &v) == 1)
+                        comp_ratios.push_back((int)(v * 100 + 0.5f));
+                }
+            }
+            if (!comp_ids.empty() && comp_ratios.size() != comp_ids.size()) {
+                BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(warning) << "Mixed filament slot " << cfg_idx
+                    << ": ratio count (" << comp_ratios.size()
+                    << ") != component count (" << comp_ids.size()
+                    << "), resetting to even distribution";
+                int n = (int)comp_ids.size();
+                comp_ratios.assign(n, 100 / n);
+                comp_ratios[0] += 100 - (100 / n) * n;
+            }
+
+            bool is_broken = broken_set.count(cfg_idx) > 0;
+
+            // Recalculate mixed color based on current physical colors
+            if (!is_broken && !comp_ids.empty() && comp_ids.size() == comp_ratios.size()) {
+                std::string new_mixed_color = blend_mixed_color(comp_ids, comp_ratios, physical_colors);
+
+                if (colours_opt && cfg_idx < colours_opt->values.size() && colours_opt->values[cfg_idx] != new_mixed_color) {
+                    colours_opt->values[cfg_idx] = new_mixed_color;
+
+                    auto* multi_colour_opt = project_config.option<ConfigOptionStrings>("filament_multi_colour");
+                    if (multi_colour_opt && cfg_idx < multi_colour_opt->values.size()) {
+                        multi_colour_opt->values[cfg_idx] = new_mixed_color;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            bool is_gradient = false;
+            int  gradient_direction = 0;
+            if (grad_opt && cfg_idx < grad_opt->values.size())
+                is_gradient = grad_opt->values[cfg_idx];
+            if (is_gradient && grad_range_opt && cfg_idx < grad_range_opt->values.size()) {
+                CNumericLocalesSetter c_locale_setter;
+                float v0 = 0, v1 = 0;
+                if (std::sscanf(grad_range_opt->values[cfg_idx].c_str(), "%f,%f", &v0, &v1) == 2)
+                    gradient_direction = (v0 > v1) ? 0 : 1;
+            }
+
+            std::string mix_color_str = (colours_opt && cfg_idx < colours_opt->values.size())
+                ? colours_opt->values[cfg_idx] : "#888888";
+            wxColour mix_col(mix_color_str);
+            unsigned int mix_num = (unsigned int)(cfg_idx + 1);
+
+            if (is_gradient && comp_ids.size() == 2) {
+                unsigned int from_id = (gradient_direction == 0) ? comp_ids[0] : comp_ids[1];
+                unsigned int to_id   = (gradient_direction == 0) ? comp_ids[1] : comp_ids[0];
+                wxColour col_from = (from_id >= 1 && from_id <= physical_colors.size())
+                    ? wxColour(physical_colors[from_id - 1]) : wxColour("#D9D9D9");
+                wxColour col_to = (to_id >= 1 && to_id <= physical_colors.size())
+                    ? wxColour(physical_colors[to_id - 1]) : wxColour("#D9D9D9");
+                int swatch_sz = FromDIP(20);
+                auto* grad_panel = new wxPanel(p->m_panel_mixed_content, wxID_ANY,
+                                               wxDefaultPosition, wxSize(swatch_sz, swatch_sz));
+                grad_panel->SetMinSize(wxSize(swatch_sz, swatch_sz));
+                grad_panel->SetBackgroundStyle(wxBG_STYLE_PAINT);
+                grad_panel->Bind(wxEVT_PAINT, [grad_panel, col_from, col_to, mix_num, mc_text](wxPaintEvent&) {
+                    wxBufferedPaintDC dc(grad_panel);
+                    wxSize sz = grad_panel->GetClientSize();
+                    fill_gradient_rect_east(dc, wxRect(0, 0, sz.GetWidth(), sz.GetHeight()), col_from, col_to);
+                    wxString txt = wxString::Format("%u", mix_num);
+                    dc.SetFont(::Label::Body_14);
+                    wxSize txt_sz = dc.GetTextExtent(txt);
+                    wxColour mid(
+                        (col_from.Red()   + col_to.Red())   / 2,
+                        (col_from.Green() + col_to.Green()) / 2,
+                        (col_from.Blue()  + col_to.Blue())  / 2);
+                    dc.SetTextForeground(mid.GetLuminance() > 0.5 ? mc_text : *wxWHITE);
+                    dc.DrawText(txt, (sz.GetWidth() - txt_sz.GetWidth()) / 2,
+                                     (sz.GetHeight() - txt_sz.GetHeight()) / 2);
+                });
+                combo_and_btn_sizer->Add(grad_panel, 0, wxALIGN_CENTER_VERTICAL | wxRIGHT, FromDIP(4));
+            } else {
+                combo_and_btn_sizer->Add(make_swatch_panel(p->m_panel_mixed_content, mix_col, mix_num),
+                                         0, wxALIGN_CENTER_VERTICAL | wxRIGHT, FromDIP(4));
+            }
+
+            auto* content_panel = new wxPanel(p->m_panel_mixed_content, wxID_ANY);
+            content_panel->SetBackgroundColour(mc_bg);
+            content_panel->SetBackgroundStyle(wxBG_STYLE_PAINT);
+
+            // Pre-compute all values the paint lambda needs (avoid capturing `this` for FromDIP)
+            int cp_pad        = FromDIP(4);
+            int cp_swatch_sz  = FromDIP(20);
+            int cp_sep_margin = FromDIP(3);
+            int cp_pct_left   = FromDIP(2);
+            int cp_gap        = FromDIP(2);
+            int cp_pct_gap    = FromDIP(4);
+            bool cp_is_dark   = wxGetApp().dark_mode();
+
+            // Build per-component colour list for the lambda
+            std::vector<wxColour> cp_colours;
+            std::vector<bool>     cp_valid;
+            std::vector<unsigned int> cp_ids = comp_ids;
+            std::vector<int>          cp_ratios = comp_ratios;
+            bool cp_is_gradient = is_gradient;
+            int  cp_gradient_dir = gradient_direction;
+            for (size_t ci = 0; ci < comp_ids.size(); ++ci) {
+                bool valid = (comp_ids[ci] >= 1 && comp_ids[ci] <= physical_colors.size());
+                cp_valid.push_back(valid);
+                cp_colours.push_back(valid ? wxColour(physical_colors[comp_ids[ci] - 1]) : wxColour("#D9D9D9"));
+            }
+
+            // Reorder for gradient display: from -> to
+            std::vector<unsigned int> draw_ids;
+            std::vector<int>          draw_ratios;
+            std::vector<wxColour>     draw_colours;
+            std::vector<bool>         draw_valid;
+            if (cp_is_gradient && cp_ids.size() == 2) {
+                int fi = (cp_gradient_dir == 0) ? 0 : 1;
+                int ti = 1 - fi;
+                draw_ids     = { cp_ids[fi], cp_ids[ti] };
+                draw_ratios  = { cp_ratios.size() > (size_t)fi ? cp_ratios[fi] : 0,
+                                 cp_ratios.size() > (size_t)ti ? cp_ratios[ti] : 0 };
+                draw_colours = { cp_colours[fi], cp_colours[ti] };
+                draw_valid   = { cp_valid[fi], cp_valid[ti] };
+            } else {
+                draw_ids     = cp_ids;
+                draw_ratios  = cp_ratios;
+                draw_colours = cp_colours;
+                draw_valid   = cp_valid;
+            }
+
+            content_panel->Bind(wxEVT_PAINT, [content_panel, mc_bg, mc_border, mc_text, mc_dim,
+                                               cp_pad, cp_swatch_sz, cp_sep_margin, cp_pct_left,
+                                               cp_gap, cp_pct_gap, cp_is_dark,
+                                               cp_is_gradient,
+                                               draw_ids, draw_ratios, draw_colours, draw_valid](wxPaintEvent&) {
+                wxBufferedPaintDC dc(content_panel);
+                wxSize sz = content_panel->GetClientSize();
+
+                dc.SetBrush(wxBrush(mc_bg));
+                dc.SetPen(wxPen(mc_border, 1));
+                dc.DrawRectangle(0, 0, sz.GetWidth(), sz.GetHeight());
+
+                dc.SetFont(::Label::Body_13);
+                int x = cp_pad;
+                int y_swatch = (sz.GetHeight() - cp_swatch_sz) / 2;
+                int text_h = dc.GetTextExtent(wxT("A")).GetHeight();
+                int y_text = y_swatch + (cp_swatch_sz - text_h) / 2;
+                int avail = sz.GetWidth() - cp_pad;
+                wxString ellipsis = wxT("...");
+                int ellipsis_w = dc.GetTextExtent(ellipsis).GetWidth();
+
+                auto fits = [&](int needed) -> bool {
+                    return (x + needed) <= (avail - ellipsis_w);
+                };
+
+                size_t n = draw_ids.size();
+                for (size_t ci = 0; ci < n; ++ci) {
+                    // Separator: "+" or arrow
+                    if (ci > 0) {
+                        wxString sep = cp_is_gradient ? wxT("\u2192") : wxT("+");
+                        int sep_w = dc.GetTextExtent(sep).GetWidth() + cp_sep_margin * 2;
+                        if (!fits(sep_w + cp_swatch_sz)) {
+                            dc.SetTextForeground(mc_text);
+                            dc.DrawText(ellipsis, x, y_text);
+                            break;
+                        }
+                        dc.SetTextForeground(mc_text);
+                        dc.DrawText(sep, x + cp_sep_margin, y_text);
+                        x += sep_w;
+                    }
+
+                    // Swatch
+                    if (!fits(cp_swatch_sz)) {
+                        dc.SetTextForeground(mc_text);
+                        dc.DrawText(ellipsis, x, y_text);
+                        break;
+                    }
+
+                    if (draw_valid[ci]) {
+                        wxColour col = draw_colours[ci];
+                        dc.SetBrush(wxBrush(col));
+                        dc.SetPen(*wxTRANSPARENT_PEN);
+                        dc.DrawRectangle(x, y_swatch, cp_swatch_sz, cp_swatch_sz);
+                        if (!cp_is_dark && col.Red() > 224 && col.Green() > 224 && col.Blue() > 224) {
+                            dc.SetPen(wxPen(wxColour(130, 130, 128), 1));
+                            dc.SetBrush(*wxTRANSPARENT_BRUSH);
+                            dc.DrawRectangle(x, y_swatch, cp_swatch_sz, cp_swatch_sz);
+                        }
+                        if (cp_is_dark && col.Red() < 45 && col.Green() < 45 && col.Blue() < 45) {
+                            dc.SetPen(wxPen(wxColour(207, 207, 207), 1));
+                            dc.SetBrush(*wxTRANSPARENT_BRUSH);
+                            dc.DrawRectangle(x, y_swatch, cp_swatch_sz, cp_swatch_sz);
+                        }
+                        dc.SetFont(::Label::Body_14);
+                        wxString num = wxString::Format("%u", draw_ids[ci]);
+                        wxSize num_sz = dc.GetTextExtent(num);
+                        dc.SetTextForeground(col.GetLuminance() > 0.5 ? wxColour(50, 58, 61) : *wxWHITE);
+                        dc.DrawText(num, x + (cp_swatch_sz - num_sz.GetWidth()) / 2,
+                                         y_swatch + (cp_swatch_sz - num_sz.GetHeight()) / 2);
+                        dc.SetFont(::Label::Body_13);
+                    } else {
+                        dc.SetBrush(wxBrush(mc_bg));
+                        dc.SetPen(wxPen(mc_dim, 1));
+                        dc.DrawRectangle(x, y_swatch, cp_swatch_sz, cp_swatch_sz);
+                        wxString dash = wxT("\u2014");
+                        wxSize dash_sz = dc.GetTextExtent(dash);
+                        dc.SetTextForeground(wxColour("#909090"));
+                        dc.DrawText(dash, x + (cp_swatch_sz - dash_sz.GetWidth()) / 2,
+                                          y_swatch + (cp_swatch_sz - dash_sz.GetHeight()) / 2);
+                    }
+                    x += cp_swatch_sz + cp_gap;
+
+                    // Ratio text (skip for gradient)
+                    if (!cp_is_gradient) {
+                        int r = (ci < draw_ratios.size()) ? draw_ratios[ci] : 0;
+                        wxString pct = wxString::Format("%d%%", r);
+                        int pct_w = dc.GetTextExtent(pct).GetWidth();
+                        if (!fits(pct_w)) {
+                            dc.SetTextForeground(mc_text);
+                            dc.DrawText(ellipsis, x, y_text);
+                            break;
+                        }
+                        dc.SetTextForeground(mc_text);
+                        dc.DrawText(pct, x + cp_pct_left, y_text);
+                        x += pct_w + cp_pct_gap;
+                    }
+                }
+            });
+
+            // Tooltip: always show full info
+            {
+                wxString tip;
+                for (size_t ci = 0; ci < draw_ids.size(); ++ci) {
+                    if (ci > 0) tip += cp_is_gradient ? wxT(" \u2192 ") : wxT(" + ");
+                    int r = (ci < draw_ratios.size()) ? draw_ratios[ci] : 0;
+                    tip += wxString::Format("%u (%d%%)", draw_ids[ci], r);
+                }
+                content_panel->SetToolTip(tip);
+            }
+
+            // Repaint on resize so truncation updates
+            content_panel->Bind(wxEVT_SIZE, [content_panel](wxSizeEvent& e) {
+                content_panel->Refresh();
+                e.Skip();
+            });
+
+            content_panel->SetCursor(wxCursor(wxCURSOR_HAND));
+            size_t panel_idx = i;
+            content_panel->Bind(wxEVT_LEFT_UP, [this, panel_idx](wxMouseEvent&) { edit_mixed_filament(panel_idx); });
+
+            combo_and_btn_sizer->Add(content_panel, 1, wxALL | wxEXPAND, FromDIP(2))->SetMinSize({-1, FromDIP(30)});
+
+            auto* menu_btn = new ScalableButton(p->m_panel_mixed_content, wxID_ANY,
+                is_broken ? "error" : "menu_filament");
+            menu_btn->SetToolTip(is_broken ? _L("Mixed filament has broken component references") : _L("Edit / Delete / Merge"));
+            menu_btn->Bind(wxEVT_BUTTON, [this, panel_idx, cfg_idx](wxCommandEvent&) {
+                wxMenu menu;
+
+                auto* edit_item = menu.Append(wxID_ANY, _L("Edit"));
+                menu.Bind(wxEVT_MENU, [this, panel_idx](wxCommandEvent&) {
+                    edit_mixed_filament(panel_idx);
+                }, edit_item->GetId());
+
+                auto* del_item = menu.Append(wxID_ANY, _L("Delete"));
+                menu.Bind(wxEVT_MENU, [this, panel_idx](wxCommandEvent&) {
+                    delete_mixed_filament_at(panel_idx);
+                }, del_item->GetId());
+
+                wxMenu* sub_menu = new wxMenu();
+                std::vector<wxBitmap*> icons = get_extruder_color_icons(true);
+                int filaments_cnt = icons.size();
+                for (int j = 0; j < filaments_cnt; ++j) {
+                    if ((size_t)j == cfg_idx)
+                        continue;
+
+                    wxString item_name;
+                    bool is_target_mixed = wxGetApp().preset_bundle->is_mixed_filament(j);
+                    if (is_target_mixed) {
+                        item_name = wxString::Format(_L("Filament %d"), j + 1);
+                    } else {
+                        auto preset = wxGetApp().preset_bundle->filaments.find_preset(
+                            wxGetApp().preset_bundle->filament_presets[j]);
+                        item_name = preset ? from_u8(preset->label(false))
+                                           : wxString::Format(_L("Filament %d"), j + 1);
+                    }
+
+                    auto* mi = new wxMenuItem(sub_menu, wxID_ANY, item_name);
+#ifndef __linux__
+                    mi->SetBitmap(*icons[j]);
+#endif
+                    sub_menu->Append(mi);
+                    sub_menu->Bind(wxEVT_MENU, [this, cfg_idx, j](wxCommandEvent&) {
+                        change_filament(cfg_idx, j);
+                    }, mi->GetId());
+                }
+                if (filaments_cnt > 1)
+                    menu.AppendSubMenu(sub_menu, _L("Merge with"));
+                else
+                    delete sub_menu;
+
+                PopupMenu(&menu);
+            });
+            combo_and_btn_sizer->Add(menu_btn, 0, wxALIGN_CENTER_VERTICAL | wxLEFT, FromDIP(4));
+
+            combo_and_btn_sizer->Add(FromDIP(16), 0, 0, 0, 0);
+
+            int side = i % 2;
+            auto* col = (side == 0) ? left_col : right_col;
+            if (side == 1 && i > 1) col->Remove(i / 2);
+            col->Add(combo_and_btn_sizer, 1, wxEXPAND);
+            if (side == 0 && i > 0) {
+                right_col->AddStretchSpacer(1);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    recalc_filament_scroll_sizes();
+
+    p->m_panel_filament_content->FitInside();
+    p->m_mixed_scroll_area->FitInside();
+    p->scrolled->Layout();
+    m_scrolled_sizer->Layout();
+    p->scrolled->Layout();
+
+    size_t total = wxGetApp().preset_bundle->filament_presets.size();
+    obj_list()->update_objects_list_filament_column(total);
+
+    // Sync mixed filament colors into the config used by 3D view rendering.
+    plater->update_filament_colors_in_full_config();
+    obj_list()->update_filament_colors();
+
+    // Check if any broken mixed filament is used by objects on current plate.
+    // Scan raw extruder assignments (object / volume / height-range / painting)
+    // instead of get_extruders() which expands mixed slots and loses their IDs.
+    p->m_mixed_filament_broken = false;
+    if (!broken_slots.empty()) {
+        std::set<size_t> broken_1based;
+        for (size_t s : broken_slots) broken_1based.insert(s + 1);
+
+        auto* curr_plate = plater->get_partplate_list().get_curr_plate();
+        if (curr_plate) {
+            for (auto& obj : plater->model().objects) {
+                if (!curr_plate->contain_instance_totally(obj, 0))
+                    continue;
+                // Check object-level extruder
+                int obj_ext = obj->config.has("extruder") ? obj->config.extruder() : 1;
+                if (broken_1based.count((size_t)obj_ext)) {
+                    p->m_mixed_filament_broken = true;
+                    break;
+                }
+                bool found = false;
+                for (auto* vol : obj->volumes) {
+                    // Check volume-level extruder
+                    int vol_ext = vol->config.has("extruder") ? vol->config.extruder() : obj_ext;
+                    if (broken_1based.count((size_t)vol_ext)) { found = true; break; }
+                    // Check color painting data (mmu segmentation facets)
+                    if (vol->is_model_part() && !vol->mmu_segmentation_facets.empty()) {
+                        for (size_t broken_slot : broken_1based) {
+                            if (vol->mmu_segmentation_facets.has_facets(*vol, EnforcerBlockerType(broken_slot)))
+                                { found = true; break; }
+                        }
+                        if (found) break;
+                    }
+                }
+                if (found) { p->m_mixed_filament_broken = true; break; }
+                // Check height range modifier extruder overrides
+                for (auto& [range, cfg] : obj->layer_config_ranges) {
+                    if (cfg.has("extruder")) {
+                        int layer_ext = cfg.option("extruder")->getInt();
+                        if (layer_ext > 0 && broken_1based.count((size_t)layer_ext))
+                            { found = true; break; }
+                    }
+                }
+                if (found) { p->m_mixed_filament_broken = true; break; }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (plater->canvas3D()) {
+        plater->canvas3D()->set_as_dirty();
+        plater->get_view3D_canvas3D()->reload_scene(false);
+    }
+
+    if (p->m_mixed_filament_broken) {
+        auto* mf = wxGetApp().mainframe;
+        if (mf)
+            mf->update_slice_print_status(MainFrame::eEventObjectUpdate, false);
+    }
+
+    if (auto *tab = dynamic_cast<TabPrintPlate *>(wxGetApp().plate_tab))
+        tab->update_mixed_filament_seq_state();
+
+}
+
+bool Sidebar::has_broken_mixed_filament() const
+{
+    auto* plater = dynamic_cast<Plater*>(GetParent());
+    if (!plater) return false;
+    return has_broken_mixed_filament(plater->get_partplate_list().get_curr_plate());
+}
+
+bool Sidebar::has_broken_mixed_filament(const PartPlate* plate) const
+{
+    if (!plate) return false;
+    auto* plater = dynamic_cast<Plater*>(GetParent());
+    if (!plater) return false;
+
+    auto& project_config = wxGetApp().preset_bundle->project_config;
+    auto* is_mixed_opt = project_config.option<ConfigOptionBools>("filament_is_mixed");
+    auto* comp_strs_opt = project_config.option<ConfigOptionStrings>("filament_mixed_components");
+    if (!is_mixed_opt || !comp_strs_opt) return false;
+
+    size_t num_physical = p->combos_filament.size();
+    auto broken_slots = check_mixed_filament_integrity(is_mixed_opt->values, comp_strs_opt->values, num_physical);
+
+    // Type consistency check
+    {
+        std::vector<std::string> physical_types;
+        auto& preset_bundle = *wxGetApp().preset_bundle;
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < num_physical; ++i) {
+            std::string ft;
+            if (i < preset_bundle.filament_presets.size()) {
+                auto* preset = preset_bundle.filaments.find_preset(preset_bundle.filament_presets[i]);
+                if (preset) {
+                    std::string display_type;
+                    ft = preset->config.get_filament_type(display_type);
+                }
+            }
+            if (ft.empty()) ft = "PLA";
+            physical_types.push_back(ft);
+        }
+        auto type_mismatch_slots = check_mixed_filament_type_consistency(
+            is_mixed_opt->values, comp_strs_opt->values, physical_types);
+        broken_slots.insert(broken_slots.end(), type_mismatch_slots.begin(), type_mismatch_slots.end());
+    }
+
+    if (broken_slots.empty()) return false;
+
+    std::set<size_t> broken_1based;
+    for (size_t s : broken_slots) broken_1based.insert(s + 1);
+
+    // Scan model objects on the given plate for raw extruder assignments
+    // (don't use get_extruders() which expands mixed slots)
+    for (auto& entry : plater->model().objects) {
+        if (!plate->contain_instance_totally(entry, 0))
+            continue;
+        // Check object-level extruder
+        int obj_ext = entry->config.has("extruder") ? entry->config.extruder() : 1;
+        if (broken_1based.count((size_t)obj_ext))
+            return true;
+        for (auto* vol : entry->volumes) {
+            // Check volume-level extruder
+            int vol_ext = vol->config.has("extruder") ? vol->config.extruder() : obj_ext;
+            if (broken_1based.count((size_t)vol_ext))
+                return true;
+            // Check color painting data (mmu segmentation facets)
+            if (vol->is_model_part() && !vol->mmu_segmentation_facets.empty()) {
+                for (size_t broken_slot : broken_1based) {
+                    if (vol->mmu_segmentation_facets.has_facets(*vol, EnforcerBlockerType(broken_slot)))
+                        return true;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        // Check height range modifier extruder overrides
+        for (auto& [range, cfg] : entry->layer_config_ranges) {
+            if (cfg.has("extruder")) {
+                int layer_ext = cfg.option("extruder")->getInt();
+                if (layer_ext > 0 && broken_1based.count((size_t)layer_ext))
+                    return true;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    return false;
+}
+
+void Sidebar::collect_physical_filament_info(std::vector<std::string>& color_strs,
+                                              std::vector<std::string>& names,
+                                              std::vector<std::string>& types,
+                                              std::vector<size_t>* config_indices)
+{
+    color_strs.clear();
+    names.clear();
+    types.clear();
+    if (config_indices)
+        config_indices->clear();
+
+    size_t num_physical = p->combos_filament.size();
+    auto& project_config = wxGetApp().preset_bundle->project_config;
+    auto* is_mixed_opt = project_config.option<ConfigOptionBools>("filament_is_mixed");
+    std::vector<size_t> physical_indices;
+    const size_t total = wxGetApp().preset_bundle->filament_presets.size();
+    physical_indices.reserve(num_physical);
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < total && physical_indices.size() < num_physical; ++i) {
+        if (!is_mixed_opt || i >= is_mixed_opt->values.size() || !is_mixed_opt->values[i])
+            physical_indices.push_back(i);
+    }
+    while (physical_indices.size() < num_physical)
+        physical_indices.push_back(physical_indices.size());
+    if (config_indices)
+        *config_indices = physical_indices;
+
+    auto* colours_opt = project_config.option<ConfigOptionStrings>("filament_colour");
+    if (colours_opt) {
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < num_physical; ++i) {
+            const size_t cfg_idx = physical_indices[i];
+            if (cfg_idx < colours_opt->values.size())
+                color_strs.push_back(colours_opt->values[cfg_idx]);
+        }
+    }
+
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < num_physical; ++i) {
+        auto* combo = p->combos_filament[i];
+        names.push_back(combo ? into_u8(combo->GetValue()) : "Filament " + std::to_string(i + 1));
+    }
+
+    auto& preset_bundle = *wxGetApp().preset_bundle;
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < num_physical; ++i) {
+        const size_t cfg_idx = physical_indices[i];
+        Preset* preset = nullptr;
+        if (cfg_idx < preset_bundle.filament_presets.size())
+            preset = preset_bundle.filaments.find_preset(preset_bundle.filament_presets[cfg_idx]);
+        types.push_back(filament_type_for_color_decompose(preset));
+    }
+}
+
+// Serialize the dialog's custom gradient curve only when it deviates from the
+// direction-implied two-point linear default. Returning an empty string keeps
+// projects with the default shape bit-identical with the legacy 2-field format
+// (curve string stays "" so the slicer falls back to gradient_range linear).
+// Shared by add_mixed_filament / edit_mixed_filament so the "is default" rule
+// stays consistent between both entry points.
+static std::string serialize_mixed_gradient_curve_if_custom(const MixedFilamentResult& result)
+{
+    if (!(result.components.size() == 2 && !result.gradient_curve.empty()))
+        return {};
+
+    const double y0 = (result.gradient_direction == 0) ? kGradientMaxRatio : kGradientMinRatio;
+    const double y1 = (result.gradient_direction == 0) ? kGradientMinRatio : kGradientMaxRatio;
+    const double eps = 1e-4;
+    if (result.gradient_curve.size() == 2) {
+        const auto& a0 = result.gradient_curve[0];
+        const auto& a1 = result.gradient_curve[1];
+        // Default curve also requires no tangent overrides; any finite tangent
+        // means the user bent the segment, so we must serialize it.
+        const bool is_default =
+               std::abs(a0.x - 0.0) < eps
+            && std::abs(a1.x - 1.0) < eps
+            && std::abs(a0.y - y0)  < eps
+            && std::abs(a1.y - y1)  < eps
+            && !std::isfinite(a0.m_in)  && !std::isfinite(a0.m_out)
+            && !std::isfinite(a1.m_in)  && !std::isfinite(a1.m_out);
+        if (is_default) return {};
+    }
+
+    Slic3r::GradientCurve gc;
+    gc.points = result.gradient_curve;
+    return Slic3r::serialize_gradient_curve(gc);
+}
+
+static bool create_mixed_filament_from_result(
+    Sidebar* sidebar,
+    const MixedFilamentResult& result,
+    const std::vector<std::string>& color_strs)
+{
+    if (!sidebar || result.components.size() < 2 || result.ratios.size() < 2)
+        return false;
+    if (!dynamic_cast<Plater*>(sidebar->GetParent()))
+        return false;
+
+    size_t num_physical = sidebar->combos_filament().size();
+    if (num_physical < 2)
+        return false;
+    if (wxGetApp().preset_bundle->filament_presets.size() >= size_t(EnforcerBlockerType::ExtruderMax))
+        return false;
+
+    auto& project_config = wxGetApp().preset_bundle->project_config;
+    size_t total = wxGetApp().preset_bundle->filament_presets.size();
+    size_t new_idx = total;
+
+    std::string mixed_color = blend_mixed_color(result.components, result.ratios, color_strs);
+    wxGetApp().preset_bundle->set_num_filaments(total + 1, mixed_color);
+
+    auto* multi_colour_opt = project_config.option<ConfigOptionStrings>("filament_multi_colour");
+    if (multi_colour_opt) {
+        while (multi_colour_opt->values.size() <= new_idx) multi_colour_opt->values.push_back("");
+        multi_colour_opt->values[new_idx] = mixed_color;
+    }
+
+    // set_num_filaments() above is what grows these parallel arrays. Guard the writes anyway,
+    // matching the gradient writes below, so a sizing bug degrades into a no-op rather than a
+    // heap overwrite.
+    {
+        auto* is_mixed_opt = project_config.option<ConfigOptionBools>("filament_is_mixed");
+        while (is_mixed_opt->values.size() <= new_idx) is_mixed_opt->values.push_back(false);
+        is_mixed_opt->values[new_idx] = true;
+    }
+
+    std::string comp_str;
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < result.components.size(); ++i) {
+        if (i > 0) comp_str += ",";
+        comp_str += std::to_string(result.components[i]);
+    }
+    {
+        auto* comp_opt = project_config.option<ConfigOptionStrings>("filament_mixed_components");
+        while (comp_opt->values.size() <= new_idx) comp_opt->values.push_back(std::string{});
+        comp_opt->values[new_idx] = comp_str;
+    }
+
+    int ratio_sum = 0;
+    for (int r : result.ratios) ratio_sum += r;
+    if (ratio_sum <= 0) ratio_sum = 100;
+
+    std::string ratio_str;
+    {
+        CNumericLocalesSetter c_locale_setter;
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < result.ratios.size(); ++i) {
+            if (i > 0) ratio_str += ",";
+            char buf[32];
+            std::snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%.4f", (float)result.ratios[i] / ratio_sum);
+            ratio_str += buf;
+        }
+    }
+    {
+        auto* ratios_opt = project_config.option<ConfigOptionStrings>("filament_mixed_sublayer_ratios");
+        while (ratios_opt->values.size() <= new_idx) ratios_opt->values.push_back(std::string{});
+        ratios_opt->values[new_idx] = ratio_str;
+    }
+
+    if (!project_config.option("filament_mixed_gradient"))
+        project_config.set_key_value("filament_mixed_gradient", new ConfigOptionBools({false}));
+    if (!project_config.option("filament_mixed_gradient_range"))
+        project_config.set_key_value("filament_mixed_gradient_range", new ConfigOptionStrings({""}) );
+    if (!project_config.option("filament_mixed_gradient_curve"))
+        project_config.set_key_value("filament_mixed_gradient_curve", new ConfigOptionStrings({""}) );
+    if (!project_config.option("filament_mixed_gradient_per_part"))
+        project_config.set_key_value("filament_mixed_gradient_per_part", new ConfigOptionBools({false}));
+
+    {
+        auto* grad_opt = project_config.option<ConfigOptionBools>("filament_mixed_gradient");
+        while (grad_opt->values.size() <= new_idx) grad_opt->values.push_back(false);
+        grad_opt->values[new_idx] = result.gradient_enabled;
+    }
+    {
+        auto* grad_range_opt = project_config.option<ConfigOptionStrings>("filament_mixed_gradient_range");
+        while (grad_range_opt->values.size() <= new_idx) grad_range_opt->values.push_back("");
+        if (result.gradient_enabled && result.components.size() == 2) {
+            const char* fmt = (result.gradient_direction == 0) ? "0.9000,0.1000" : "0.1000,0.9000";
+            grad_range_opt->values[new_idx] = fmt;
+        } else {
+            grad_range_opt->values[new_idx] = "";
+        }
+    }
+    {
+        auto* grad_curve_opt = project_config.option<ConfigOptionStrings>("filament_mixed_gradient_curve");
+        while (grad_curve_opt->values.size() <= new_idx) grad_curve_opt->values.push_back("");
+        grad_curve_opt->values[new_idx] = serialize_mixed_gradient_curve_if_custom(result);
+    }
+    {
+        auto* per_part_opt = project_config.option<ConfigOptionBools>("filament_mixed_gradient_per_part");
+        while (per_part_opt->values.size() <= new_idx) per_part_opt->values.push_back(false);
+        per_part_opt->values[new_idx] = result.gradient_enabled && result.per_part_gradient;
+    }
+
+    auto& presets = wxGetApp().preset_bundle->filament_presets;
+    if (result.components[0] >= 1 && result.components[0] <= num_physical && presets.size() > new_idx)
+        presets[new_idx] = presets[result.components[0] - 1];
+
+    size_t filament_count = wxGetApp().preset_bundle->filament_presets.size();
+    wxGetApp().plater()->get_partplate_list().on_filament_added(filament_count);
+    wxGetApp().plater()->on_filament_count_change(filament_count);
+    wxGetApp().get_tab(Preset::TYPE_PRINT)->update();
+    wxGetApp().preset_bundle->export_selections(*wxGetApp().app_config);
+
+    sidebar->update_mixed_filament_list();
+    wxGetApp().plater()->update_project_dirty_from_presets();
+    wxPostEvent(sidebar, SimpleEvent(EVT_SCHEDULE_BACKGROUND_PROCESS, sidebar));
+    return true;
+}
+
+void Sidebar::add_mixed_filament()
+{
+    auto* plater = dynamic_cast<Plater*>(GetParent());
+    if (!plater) return;
+
+    size_t num_physical = p->combos_filament.size();
+    if (num_physical < 2) return;
+    if (wxGetApp().preset_bundle->filament_presets.size() >= size_t(EnforcerBlockerType::ExtruderMax)) return;
+
+    std::vector<std::string> color_strs, names, types;
+    collect_physical_filament_info(color_strs, names, types);
+
+    MixedFilamentDialog dlg(this, color_strs, names, types);
+    if (dlg.ShowModal() == wxID_OK) {
+        auto result = dlg.get_result();
+        create_mixed_filament_from_result(this, result, color_strs);
+    }
+}
+
+void Sidebar::edit_mixed_filament(size_t panel_idx)
+{
+    auto* plater = dynamic_cast<Plater*>(GetParent());
+    if (!plater) return;
+
+    auto mixed_indices = plater->mixed_filament_config_indices();
+    if (panel_idx >= mixed_indices.size()) return;
+    size_t cfg_idx = mixed_indices[panel_idx];
+
+    std::vector<std::string> color_strs, names, types;
+    collect_physical_filament_info(color_strs, names, types);
+
+    auto& project_config = wxGetApp().preset_bundle->project_config;
+    MixedFilamentResult existing;
+    auto* components_opt = project_config.option<ConfigOptionStrings>("filament_mixed_components");
+    auto* ratios_opt = project_config.option<ConfigOptionStrings>("filament_mixed_sublayer_ratios");
+
+    // Parse existing components
+    if (components_opt && cfg_idx < components_opt->values.size()) {
+        const std::string& cs = components_opt->values[cfg_idx];
+        std::istringstream iss(cs);
+        std::string tok;
+        while (std::getline(iss, tok, ',')) {
+            unsigned int v = 0;
+            if (std::sscanf(tok.c_str(), "%u", &v) == 1)
+                existing.components.push_back(v);
+        }
+    }
+    // Parse existing ratios
+    if (ratios_opt && cfg_idx < ratios_opt->values.size()) {
+        CNumericLocalesSetter c_locale_setter;
+        const std::string& rs = ratios_opt->values[cfg_idx];
+        std::istringstream iss(rs);
+        std::string tok;
+        while (std::getline(iss, tok, ',')) {
+            float v = 0;
+            if (std::sscanf(tok.c_str(), "%f", &v) == 1)
+                existing.ratios.push_back((int)(v * 100 + 0.5f));
+        }
+    }
+    if (existing.components.size() < 2) {
+        existing.components = {1, 2};
+        existing.ratios = {50, 50};
+    } else if (existing.ratios.size() != existing.components.size()) {
+        BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(warning) << "Mixed filament edit: ratio count ("
+            << existing.ratios.size() << ") != component count ("
+            << existing.components.size()
+            << "), resetting to even distribution";
+        int n = (int)existing.components.size();
+        existing.ratios.assign(n, 100 / n);
+        existing.ratios[0] += 100 - (100 / n) * n;
+    }
+
+    // Read gradient settings
+    auto* grad_opt = project_config.option<ConfigOptionBools>("filament_mixed_gradient");
+    if (grad_opt && cfg_idx < grad_opt->values.size())
+        existing.gradient_enabled = grad_opt->values[cfg_idx];
+    auto* grad_range_opt = project_config.option<ConfigOptionStrings>("filament_mixed_gradient_range");
+    if (existing.gradient_enabled && grad_range_opt && cfg_idx < grad_range_opt->values.size()) {
+        CNumericLocalesSetter c_locale_setter;
+        float v0 = 0, v1 = 0;
+        if (std::sscanf(grad_range_opt->values[cfg_idx].c_str(), "%f,%f", &v0, &v1) == 2)
+            existing.gradient_direction = (v0 > v1) ? 0 : 1;
+    }
+    auto* grad_curve_opt = project_config.option<ConfigOptionStrings>("filament_mixed_gradient_curve");
+    if (existing.gradient_enabled && grad_curve_opt && cfg_idx < grad_curve_opt->values.size()) {
+        auto curve = Slic3r::parse_gradient_curve(grad_curve_opt->values[cfg_idx]);
+        existing.gradient_curve = curve.points;
+    }
+    auto* per_part_opt = project_config.option<ConfigOptionBools>("filament_mixed_gradient_per_part");
+    if (existing.gradient_enabled && per_part_opt && cfg_idx < per_part_opt->values.size())
+        existing.per_part_gradient = per_part_opt->values[cfg_idx];
+
+    MixedFilamentDialog dlg(this, existing, color_strs, names, types);
+    if (dlg.ShowModal() == wxID_OK) {
+        auto result = dlg.get_result();
+        if (result.components.size() < 2 || result.ratios.size() < 2) return;
+
+        // Serialize components
+        std::string comp_str;
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < result.components.size(); ++i) {
+            if (i > 0) comp_str += ",";
+            comp_str += std::to_string(result.components[i]);
+        }
+        components_opt->values[cfg_idx] = comp_str;
+
+        // Serialize ratios
+        int ratio_sum = 0;
+        for (int r : result.ratios) ratio_sum += r;
+        if (ratio_sum <= 0) ratio_sum = 100;
+
+        std::string ratio_str;
+        {
+            CNumericLocalesSetter c_locale_setter;
+            for (size_t i = 0; i < result.ratios.size(); ++i) {
+                if (i > 0) ratio_str += ",";
+                char buf[32];
+                std::snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%.4f", (float)result.ratios[i] / ratio_sum);
+                ratio_str += buf;
+            }
+        }
+        ratios_opt->values[cfg_idx] = ratio_str;
+
+        // Gradient settings — ensure keys exist in dynamic config
+        if (!project_config.option("filament_mixed_gradient"))
+            project_config.set_key_value("filament_mixed_gradient", new ConfigOptionBools({false}));
+        if (!project_config.option("filament_mixed_gradient_range"))
+            project_config.set_key_value("filament_mixed_gradient_range", new ConfigOptionStrings({""}) );
+        if (!project_config.option("filament_mixed_gradient_curve"))
+            project_config.set_key_value("filament_mixed_gradient_curve", new ConfigOptionStrings({""}) );
+        if (!project_config.option("filament_mixed_gradient_per_part"))
+            project_config.set_key_value("filament_mixed_gradient_per_part", new ConfigOptionBools({false}));
+
+        {
+            auto* grad_opt = project_config.option<ConfigOptionBools>("filament_mixed_gradient");
+            while (grad_opt->values.size() <= cfg_idx) grad_opt->values.push_back(false);
+            grad_opt->values[cfg_idx] = result.gradient_enabled;
+        }
+        {
+            auto* grad_range_opt = project_config.option<ConfigOptionStrings>("filament_mixed_gradient_range");
+            while (grad_range_opt->values.size() <= cfg_idx) grad_range_opt->values.push_back("");
+            if (result.gradient_enabled && result.components.size() == 2) {
+                const char* fmt = (result.gradient_direction == 0) ? "0.9000,0.1000" : "0.1000,0.9000";
+                grad_range_opt->values[cfg_idx] = fmt;
+            } else {
+                grad_range_opt->values[cfg_idx] = "";
+            }
+        }
+        {
+            auto* grad_curve_opt = project_config.option<ConfigOptionStrings>("filament_mixed_gradient_curve");
+            while (grad_curve_opt->values.size() <= cfg_idx) grad_curve_opt->values.push_back("");
+            grad_curve_opt->values[cfg_idx] = serialize_mixed_gradient_curve_if_custom(result);
+        }
+        {
+            auto* per_part_opt = project_config.option<ConfigOptionBools>("filament_mixed_gradient_per_part");
+            while (per_part_opt->values.size() <= cfg_idx) per_part_opt->values.push_back(false);
+            per_part_opt->values[cfg_idx] = result.gradient_enabled && result.per_part_gradient;
+        }
+
+        // Compute blended color
+        std::string blended = blend_mixed_color(result.components, result.ratios, color_strs);
+        auto* colours_opt = project_config.option<ConfigOptionStrings>("filament_colour");
+        if (colours_opt && cfg_idx < colours_opt->values.size())
+            colours_opt->values[cfg_idx] = blended;
+
+        auto* multi_colour_opt = project_config.option<ConfigOptionStrings>("filament_multi_colour");
+        if (multi_colour_opt && cfg_idx < multi_colour_opt->values.size())
+            multi_colour_opt->values[cfg_idx] = blended;
+
+        update_mixed_filament_list();
+        wxGetApp().plater()->update_project_dirty_from_presets();
+        wxPostEvent(this, SimpleEvent(EVT_SCHEDULE_BACKGROUND_PROCESS, this));
+    }
+}
+
+void Sidebar::delete_mixed_filament_at(size_t panel_idx)
+{
+    auto* plater = dynamic_cast<Plater*>(GetParent());
+    if (!plater) return;
+
+    auto mixed_indices = plater->mixed_filament_config_indices();
+    if (panel_idx >= mixed_indices.size()) return;
+    size_t cfg_idx = mixed_indices[panel_idx];
+
+    delete_filament(cfg_idx, -1);
+}
+
+void Sidebar::decompose_filament_color(int filament_idx)
+{
+    if (filament_idx == kSidebarContextMenuFilamentId)
+        filament_idx = p->m_menu_filament_id;
+    if (filament_idx < 0)
+        return;
+
+    auto& project_config = wxGetApp().preset_bundle->project_config;
+    auto* colours_opt = project_config.option<ConfigOptionStrings>("filament_colour");
+    if (!colours_opt || static_cast<size_t>(filament_idx) >= colours_opt->values.size())
+        return;
+
+    wxColour target_color(colours_opt->values[filament_idx]);
+
+    std::vector<std::string> color_strs, names, types;
+    std::vector<size_t> physical_config_indices;
+    collect_physical_filament_info(color_strs, names, types, &physical_config_indices);
+    size_t source_physical_idx = size_t(-1);
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < physical_config_indices.size(); ++i) {
+        if (physical_config_indices[i] == static_cast<size_t>(filament_idx)) {
+            source_physical_idx = i;
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+
+    ColorDecomposeDialog dlg(this,
+                             source_physical_idx == size_t(-1) ? -1 : static_cast<int>(source_physical_idx),
+                             target_color, color_strs, names, types,
+                             wxGetApp().preset_bundle->filament_presets.size(),
+                             static_cast<size_t>(EnforcerBlockerType::ExtruderMax),
+                             physical_config_indices);
+    int modal_res = dlg.ShowModal();
+    if (modal_res == wxID_OK) {
+        ColorDecomposeResult dialog_result = dlg.get_result();
+        MixedFilamentResult mixed_result;
+        std::vector<DecomposeMissingComponent> missing_components;
+        if (!prepare_decompose_mixed_result(dialog_result, static_cast<size_t>(filament_idx), source_physical_idx,
+                                            color_strs, types, physical_config_indices, mixed_result, missing_components))
+            return;
+
+        if (!confirm_create_decompose_missing_components(this, missing_components))
+            return;
+
+        for (const DecomposeMissingComponent& missing : missing_components) {
+            size_t before_count = p->combos_filament.size();
+            add_custom_filament(wxColour(missing.official_component.color_hex), missing.preset_name, true);
+            size_t after_count = p->combos_filament.size();
+            if (after_count <= before_count)
+                return;
+            set_created_standard_component_metadata(before_count, missing.official_component);
+            if (missing.component_idx < mixed_result.components.size())
+                mixed_result.components[missing.component_idx] = static_cast<unsigned int>(before_count + 1);
+        }
+
+        if (!missing_components.empty()) {
+            collect_physical_filament_info(color_strs, names, types, &physical_config_indices);
+        }
+
+        create_mixed_filament_from_result(this, mixed_result, color_strs);
+    }
+}
+
 void Sidebar::update_filaments_area_height()
 // ORCA
 {
@@ -3918,6 +5172,9 @@ void Sidebar::sys_color_changed()
 
     p->scrolled->Layout();
 
+    // Mixed rows are custom-drawn, so they need rebuilding for the new theme colours.
+    update_mixed_filament_list();
+
     p->searcher.dlg_sys_color_changed();
 }
 
@@ -3952,21 +5209,39 @@ void Sidebar::jump_to_option(size_t selected)
 // BBS. Move logic from Plater::on_extruders_change() to Sidebar::on_filament_count_change().
 void Sidebar::on_filament_count_change(size_t num_filaments)
 {
+    // num_filaments counts every slot; mixed-color slots are virtual and get no combo of
+    // their own (they are rendered by update_mixed_filament_list instead), so the physical
+    // subset drives the combo list.
+    auto& project_config = wxGetApp().preset_bundle->project_config;
+    auto* is_mixed_opt = project_config.option<ConfigOptionBools>("filament_is_mixed");
+
+    std::vector<size_t> physical_indices;
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < num_filaments; ++i) {
+        if (!is_mixed_opt || i >= is_mixed_opt->values.size() || !is_mixed_opt->values[i])
+            physical_indices.push_back(i);
+    }
+    const size_t num_physical = physical_indices.size();
+
     auto& choices = combos_filament();
 
-    if (num_filaments == choices.size())
+    if (num_physical == choices.size()) {
+        // The ctor pre-creates one combo, so a single-filament project hits this guard before
+        // any layout pass has sized the scroll areas; refresh them here as well.
+        recalc_filament_scroll_sizes();
+        update_mixed_filament_list();
         return;
+    }
 
-    if (choices.size() == 1 || num_filaments == 1)
+    if (choices.size() == 1 || num_physical == 1)
         choices[0]->GetDropDown().Invalidate();
 
     wxWindowUpdateLocker noUpdates_scrolled_panel(this);
 
     size_t i = choices.size();
-    while (i < num_filaments)
+    while (i < num_physical)
     {
         PlaterPresetComboBox* choice/*{ nullptr }*/;
-        init_filament_combo(&choice, i);
+        init_filament_combo(&choice, physical_indices[i]);
         int last_selection = choices.back()->GetSelection();
         choices.push_back(choice);
 
@@ -3977,11 +5252,13 @@ void Sidebar::on_filament_count_change(size_t num_filaments)
     }
 
     // remove unused choices if any
-    remove_unused_filament_combos(num_filaments);
+    remove_unused_filament_combos(num_physical);
 
     show_SEMM_buttons(); // ORCA
 
     update_filaments_area_height();  // ORCA
+    recalc_filament_scroll_sizes();
+    update_mixed_filament_list();
 
     Layout();
     p->m_panel_filament_title->Refresh();
@@ -4033,6 +5310,8 @@ void Sidebar::on_filaments_delete(size_t filament_id)
     }
 
     update_filaments_area_height(); // ORCA
+    recalc_filament_scroll_sizes();
+    update_mixed_filament_list();
 
     Layout();
     p->m_panel_filament_title->Refresh();
@@ -4106,18 +5385,93 @@ void Sidebar::edit_filament()
         p->editing_filament = p->m_menu_filament_id; // sync with TabPresetComboxBox's m_filament_idx
 }
 
-void Sidebar::add_custom_filament(wxColour new_col) {
+void Sidebar::add_custom_filament(wxColour new_col, const std::string& preset_name, bool /*skip_preset_validation*/) {
     if (is_new_project_in_gcode3mf()) { return; }
     if (p->combos_filament.size() >= MAXIMUM_EXTRUDER_NUMBER) return;
+    if (wxGetApp().preset_bundle->filament_presets.size() >= MAXIMUM_EXTRUDER_NUMBER) return;
 
-    int         filament_count = p->combos_filament.size() + 1;
+    // Mixed-color slots are kept at the tail of the filament arrays, so a new physical
+    // filament has to be inserted just after the last physical one rather than appended.
+    // total == every slot (physical + mixed); insert_pos == the physical slot count.
+    size_t      total          = wxGetApp().preset_bundle->filament_presets.size();
+    size_t      insert_pos     = p->combos_filament.size();
+    int         filament_count = (int)(total + 1);
     std::string new_color      = new_col.GetAsString(wxC2S_HTML_SYNTAX).ToStdString();
     wxGetApp().preset_bundle->set_num_filaments(filament_count, new_color);
+
+    // Maintain physical-first ordering: rotate the new slot from end to insert_pos.
+    // No mixed slots -> insert_pos == total -> every rotate below is a no-op.
+    if (insert_pos < total) {
+        auto& presets = wxGetApp().preset_bundle->filament_presets;
+        std::rotate(presets.begin() + insert_pos, presets.begin() + total, presets.end());
+
+        auto& project_config = wxGetApp().preset_bundle->project_config;
+        auto& ams_mc = wxGetApp().preset_bundle->ams_multi_color_filment;
+
+        auto rotate_strings = [&](const char* key) {
+            if (auto* opt = project_config.option<ConfigOptionStrings>(key))
+                if (opt->values.size() > total)
+                    std::rotate(opt->values.begin() + insert_pos, opt->values.begin() + total, opt->values.end());
+        };
+        auto rotate_ints = [&](const char* key) {
+            if (auto* opt = project_config.option<ConfigOptionInts>(key))
+                if (opt->values.size() > total)
+                    std::rotate(opt->values.begin() + insert_pos, opt->values.begin() + total, opt->values.end());
+        };
+        auto rotate_bools = [&](const char* key) {
+            if (auto* opt = project_config.option<ConfigOptionBools>(key))
+                if (opt->values.size() > total)
+                    std::rotate(opt->values.begin() + insert_pos, opt->values.begin() + total, opt->values.end());
+        };
+
+        rotate_strings("filament_colour");
+        rotate_strings("filament_multi_colour");
+        rotate_strings("filament_colour_type");
+        rotate_ints("filament_map");
+        rotate_ints("filament_nozzle_map");
+        rotate_ints("filament_volume_map");
+        rotate_bools("filament_is_mixed");
+        rotate_strings("filament_mixed_components");
+        rotate_strings("filament_mixed_sublayer_ratios");
+        rotate_bools("filament_mixed_gradient");
+        rotate_strings("filament_mixed_gradient_range");
+        rotate_strings("filament_mixed_gradient_curve");
+        rotate_bools("filament_mixed_gradient_per_part");
+
+        if (ams_mc.size() > total)
+            std::rotate(ams_mc.begin() + insert_pos, ams_mc.begin() + total, ams_mc.end());
+
+        // Remap object/volume extruder IDs and paint data: anything >= insert_pos+1 (1-based) shifts up by 1
+        int threshold_1based = (int)(insert_pos + 1);
+        auto ebt_threshold = EnforcerBlockerType(threshold_1based);
+        for (auto* obj : wxGetApp().plater()->model().objects) {
+            if (obj->config.has("extruder")) {
+                int ext = obj->config.extruder();
+                if (ext >= threshold_1based)
+                    obj->config.set("extruder", ext + 1);
+            }
+            for (auto* vol : obj->volumes) {
+                if (vol->config.has("extruder")) {
+                    int ext = vol->config.extruder();
+                    if (ext >= threshold_1based)
+                        vol->config.set("extruder", ext + 1);
+                }
+                vol->mmu_segmentation_facets.shift_states_above(*vol, ebt_threshold, +1);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (!preset_name.empty() &&
+        wxGetApp().preset_bundle->filaments.find_preset(preset_name, false) &&
+        insert_pos < wxGetApp().preset_bundle->filament_presets.size()) {
+        wxGetApp().preset_bundle->filament_presets[insert_pos] = preset_name;
+    }
+
     wxGetApp().plater()->get_partplate_list().on_filament_added(filament_count);
     wxGetApp().plater()->on_filament_count_change(filament_count);
     wxGetApp().get_tab(Preset::TYPE_PRINT)->update();
     wxGetApp().preset_bundle->export_selections(*wxGetApp().app_config);
-    auto_calc_flushing_volumes(filament_count - 1);
+    auto_calc_flushing_volumes(insert_pos);
 }
 
 bool Sidebar::is_new_project_in_gcode3mf()
@@ -5457,9 +6811,34 @@ struct Plater::priv
     BoundingBox scaled_bed_shape_bb() const;
 
     // BBS: backup & restore
+    using LoadProgressCallback = std::function<bool(int, const wxString&)>;
     std::vector<size_t> load_files(const std::vector<fs::path>& input_files, LoadStrategy strategy, bool ask_multi = false);
     std::vector<size_t> load_model_objects(const ModelObjectPtrs& model_objects, bool allow_negative_z = false, bool split_object = false, bool auto_drop = true);
 
+    // Texture-to-color import: a mesh loaded with UVs + a texture map gets its faces clustered
+    // into printable colours, which are then matched against (or added to) the filament list.
+    struct TextureImportResult {
+        Slic3r::PaintedMesh                  painted;
+        std::vector<Slic3r::FilamentMatch>   matches;
+        std::vector<std::array<float, 4>>    new_filament_colors;
+        std::vector<std::string>             new_filament_preset_names;
+        std::vector<TextureNewMixedFilament> new_mixed_filaments;
+        std::vector<TextureFilamentEntry>    filament_entries;
+        size_t                               existing_filament_count = 0;
+        bool                                 skipped = false;
+        bool                                 fallback_to_geometry_only = false;
+        wxString                             fallback_warning;
+    };
+
+    bool run_textured_mesh_import_dialog(Slic3r::Model& loaded_model, TextureImportResult& result,
+                                         std::function<bool()> cancel_callback = {},
+                                         std::function<bool(int)> progress_callback = {});
+    void apply_textured_mesh_import_result(Slic3r::Model& loaded_model, const std::vector<size_t>& obj_idxs,
+                                           const TextureImportResult& result,
+                                           LoadProgressCallback progress_callback = {}, bool update_scene = true);
+    void handle_textured_mesh_import(Slic3r::Model& model, const std::vector<size_t>& obj_idxs,
+                                     std::function<bool()> cancel_callback = {});
+
     fs::path get_export_file_path(GUI::FileType file_type);
     wxString get_export_file(GUI::FileType file_type);
 
@@ -7730,6 +9109,38 @@ std::vector<size_t> Plater::priv::load_files(const std::vector<fs::path>& input_
                 q->model().load_from(model);
                 load_auxiliary_files();
             }
+            // Texture-to-color: a mesh that arrived with UVs and a decoded texture gets its
+            // faces clustered into printable colours and matched against the filament list,
+            // before the objects are handed to the plater. Inert for every other model.
+            if (model.texture_mesh && has_importable_texture(*model.texture_mesh)) {
+                TextureImportResult texture_import_result;
+                auto cancel_cb   = [&dlg, &dlg_cont]() { return !dlg_cont || dlg.WasCancelled(); };
+                auto progress_cb = [&dlg, &dlg_cont, &progress_percent](int percent) {
+                    progress_percent = std::clamp(percent, 0, 100);
+                    dlg_cont = dlg.Update(progress_percent, _L("Matching textures to filaments"));
+                    return dlg_cont;
+                };
+                if (!run_textured_mesh_import_dialog(model, texture_import_result, cancel_cb, progress_cb)) {
+                    q->skip_thumbnail_invalid = false;
+                    return empty_result;
+                }
+                if (texture_import_result.fallback_to_geometry_only && !texture_import_result.fallback_warning.empty()) {
+                    MessageDialog(q, texture_import_result.fallback_warning,
+                                  _L("Texture Import Warning"),
+                                  wxOK | wxICON_WARNING).ShowModal();
+                }
+                if (!texture_import_result.painted.face_colors.empty()) {
+                    std::vector<size_t> texture_object_idxs(model.objects.size());
+                    std::iota(texture_object_idxs.begin(), texture_object_idxs.end(), 0);
+                    auto apply_progress_cb = [&dlg](int percent, const wxString& msg) {
+                        dlg.Update(std::clamp(percent, 0, 100), msg);
+                        return true;
+                    };
+                    apply_textured_mesh_import_result(model, texture_object_idxs, texture_import_result,
+                                                      apply_progress_cb, false);
+                }
+            }
+
             BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(info) << __FUNCTION__ << ":" << __LINE__ << boost::format(", before load_model_objects, count %1%")%model.objects.size();
             auto loaded_idxs = load_model_objects(model.objects, is_project_file);
             obj_idxs.insert(obj_idxs.end(), loaded_idxs.begin(), loaded_idxs.end());
@@ -11425,6 +12836,9 @@ void Plater::priv::on_filament_color_changed(wxCommandEvent &event)
     if (wxGetApp().app_config->get("auto_calculate_flush") != "disabled") {
         sidebar->auto_calc_flushing_volumes(modify_id);
     }
+
+    // A mixed slot's colour is derived from its components, so recompute the swatches.
+    sidebar->update_mixed_filament_list();
 }
 
 void Plater::priv::install_network_plugin(wxCommandEvent &event)
@@ -13034,6 +14448,348 @@ void Plater::reset_project_dirty_initial_presets() { p->reset_project_dirty_init
 void Plater::render_project_state_debug_window() const { p->render_project_state_debug_window(); }
 #endif // ENABLE_PROJECT_DIRTY_STATE_DEBUG_WINDOW
 
+std::vector<size_t> Plater::mixed_filament_config_indices() const
+{
+    std::vector<size_t> indices;
+    auto& config = wxGetApp().preset_bundle->project_config;
+    auto* opt = config.option<ConfigOptionBools>("filament_is_mixed");
+    if (!opt) return indices;
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < opt->values.size(); ++i)
+        if (opt->values[i]) indices.push_back(i);
+    return indices;
+}
+
+std::vector<size_t> Plater::physical_filament_config_indices() const
+{
+    std::vector<size_t> indices;
+    auto& config = wxGetApp().preset_bundle->project_config;
+    auto* opt = config.option<ConfigOptionBools>("filament_is_mixed");
+    size_t total = wxGetApp().preset_bundle->filament_presets.size();
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < total; ++i) {
+        if (!opt || i >= opt->values.size() || !opt->values[i])
+            indices.push_back(i);
+    }
+    return indices;
+}
+
+bool Plater::priv::run_textured_mesh_import_dialog(Slic3r::Model& loaded_model, TextureImportResult& result,
+                                                   std::function<bool()> cancel_callback,
+                                                   std::function<bool(int)> progress_callback)
+{
+    if (!loaded_model.texture_mesh || !has_importable_texture(*loaded_model.texture_mesh)) return false;
+
+    // Defense in depth: if all geometry got dropped earlier (e.g. by a future
+    // regression of the zero-volume cleanup) but the textured mesh is still
+    // alive, there is nothing for the dialog to paint onto. Skip the dialog
+    // gracefully so load_files() can fall through to its "no geometry"
+    // message instead of making the user round-trip a meaningless matcher.
+    if (loaded_model.objects.empty()) {
+        BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(warning) << "handle_textured_mesh_import: skipping dialog because the loaded model has no geometry objects";
+        loaded_model.texture_mesh.reset();
+        result.skipped = true;
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    const wxString fallback_warning = _L("Texture import failed. The model appears to contain texture data, but the texture import process could not be completed. The model will be imported as geometry only.");
+
+    BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(info) << "handle_textured_mesh_import: opening texture import dialog";
+
+    std::vector<TextureFilamentEntry> filament_entries;
+    {
+        auto& preset_bundle = *wxGetApp().preset_bundle;
+        auto& project_config = preset_bundle.project_config;
+        auto* colours_opt = project_config.option<ConfigOptionStrings>("filament_colour");
+        auto* is_mixed_opt = project_config.option<ConfigOptionBools>("filament_is_mixed");
+        auto* type_opt = project_config.option<ConfigOptionStrings>("filament_type");
+        auto* components_opt = project_config.option<ConfigOptionStrings>("filament_mixed_components");
+        auto* ratios_opt = project_config.option<ConfigOptionStrings>("filament_mixed_sublayer_ratios");
+        const size_t total = preset_bundle.filament_presets.size();
+        filament_entries.reserve(total);
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < total; ++i) {
+            TextureFilamentEntry entry;
+            entry.kind = (is_mixed_opt && i < is_mixed_opt->values.size() && is_mixed_opt->values[i]) ?
+                TextureFilamentKind::ExistingMixed : TextureFilamentKind::ExistingPhysical;
+            entry.dialog_index = (int)filament_entries.size();
+            entry.project_config_index = i;
+            entry.color_hex = (colours_opt && i < colours_opt->values.size()) ? colours_opt->values[i] : "#808080";
+            entry.type = (type_opt && i < type_opt->values.size()) ? type_opt->values[i] : "";
+
+            std::string name;
+            if (i < preset_bundle.filament_presets.size()) {
+                auto* preset = preset_bundle.filaments.find_preset(preset_bundle.filament_presets[i]);
+                if (preset)
+                    name = preset->label(false);
+            }
+            if (name.empty())
+                name = "Filament " + std::to_string(i + 1);
+            entry.name = name;
+
+            if (entry.kind == TextureFilamentKind::ExistingMixed) {
+                if (components_opt && i < components_opt->values.size())
+                    entry.mixed_components = Slic3r::parse_mixed_components(components_opt->values[i]);
+                std::vector<double> ratios = Slic3r::parse_mixed_ratios(
+                    ratios_opt && i < ratios_opt->values.size() ? ratios_opt->values[i] : "",
+                    entry.mixed_components.size());
+                entry.mixed_ratios.reserve(ratios.size());
+                for (double ratio : ratios)
+                    entry.mixed_ratios.push_back((int)std::lround(ratio * 100.0));
+            }
+            filament_entries.push_back(std::move(entry));
+        }
+    }
+
+    TextureImportDialog dlg(q, *loaded_model.texture_mesh, filament_entries,
+                            std::move(cancel_callback), std::move(progress_callback));
+    if (dlg.ShowModal() != wxID_OK) {
+        if (dlg.was_skipped()) {
+            BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(info) << "handle_textured_mesh_import: user skipped texture matching";
+            result.skipped = true;
+            loaded_model.texture_mesh.reset();
+            return true;
+        }
+        if (dlg.fallback_to_geometry_only()) {
+            BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(warning) << "handle_textured_mesh_import: texture import failed, falling back to geometry-only import";
+            result.fallback_to_geometry_only = true;
+            result.fallback_warning = fallback_warning;
+            loaded_model.texture_mesh.reset();
+            return true;
+        }
+        BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(info) << "handle_textured_mesh_import: user cancelled";
+        loaded_model.texture_mesh.reset();
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    auto painted = dlg.get_painted_mesh();
+    auto final_matches = dlg.get_matches();
+
+    if (painted.face_colors.empty() || final_matches.empty()) {
+        BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(warning) << "handle_textured_mesh_import: no painting result";
+        result.fallback_to_geometry_only = true;
+        result.fallback_warning = fallback_warning;
+        loaded_model.texture_mesh.reset();
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(info) << "handle_textured_mesh_import: got " << painted.cluster_colors.size()
+                            << " clusters, skipped=" << dlg.was_skipped();
+
+    result.painted = std::move(painted);
+    result.matches = std::move(final_matches);
+    result.new_filament_colors = dlg.get_new_filament_colors();
+    result.new_filament_preset_names = dlg.get_new_filament_preset_names();
+    result.new_mixed_filaments = dlg.get_new_mixed_filaments();
+    result.filament_entries = dlg.get_filament_entries();
+    result.existing_filament_count = dlg.get_existing_filament_count();
+    result.skipped = dlg.was_skipped();
+    return true;
+}
+
+void Plater::priv::apply_textured_mesh_import_result(Slic3r::Model& loaded_model, const std::vector<size_t>& obj_idxs,
+                                                     const TextureImportResult& result,
+                                                     LoadProgressCallback progress_callback, bool update_scene)
+{
+    auto update_apply_progress = [&progress_callback](int percent, const wxString& message) {
+        return !progress_callback || progress_callback(std::clamp(percent, 0, 100), message);
+    };
+
+    const auto& painted = result.painted;
+    const auto& final_matches = result.matches;
+
+    if (painted.face_colors.empty() || final_matches.empty()) {
+        BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(warning) << "handle_textured_mesh_import: no painting result";
+        loaded_model.texture_mesh.reset();
+        return;
+    }
+
+    BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(info) << "handle_textured_mesh_import: got " << painted.cluster_colors.size()
+                            << " clusters, skipped=" << result.skipped;
+    if (!update_apply_progress(0, _L("Applying texture colors...")))
+        return;
+
+    auto collect_physical_color_strs = []() {
+        std::vector<std::string> colors;
+        auto& project_config = wxGetApp().preset_bundle->project_config;
+        auto* colours_opt = project_config.option<ConfigOptionStrings>("filament_colour");
+        auto* is_mixed_opt = project_config.option<ConfigOptionBools>("filament_is_mixed");
+        const size_t total = wxGetApp().preset_bundle->filament_presets.size();
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < total; ++i) {
+            const bool is_mixed = is_mixed_opt && i < is_mixed_opt->values.size() && is_mixed_opt->values[i];
+            if (!is_mixed)
+                colors.push_back(colours_opt && i < colours_opt->values.size() ? colours_opt->values[i] : "#808080");
+        }
+        return colors;
+    };
+
+    const auto& entries = result.filament_entries;
+    std::vector<int> filament_index_remap(entries.size(), -1);
+    size_t existing_physical_count = 0;
+    size_t new_physical_count = 0;
+    for (const auto& entry : entries) {
+        if (entry.kind == TextureFilamentKind::ExistingPhysical)
+            ++existing_physical_count;
+        else if (entry.kind == TextureFilamentKind::NewPhysical)
+            ++new_physical_count;
+    }
+
+    for (const auto& entry : entries) {
+        if (entry.dialog_index < 0 || entry.dialog_index >= (int)filament_index_remap.size())
+            continue;
+        if (entry.kind == TextureFilamentKind::ExistingPhysical) {
+            filament_index_remap[entry.dialog_index] = (int)entry.project_config_index;
+        } else if (entry.kind == TextureFilamentKind::ExistingMixed) {
+            filament_index_remap[entry.dialog_index] = (int)(entry.project_config_index + new_physical_count);
+        }
+    }
+
+    size_t new_physical_order = 0;
+    for (const auto& entry : entries) {
+        if (entry.kind != TextureFilamentKind::NewPhysical)
+            continue;
+        wxColour new_col(entry.color_hex);
+        const size_t final_idx = existing_physical_count + new_physical_order;
+        sidebar->add_custom_filament(new_col, entry.preset_name);
+        if (entry.dialog_index >= 0 && entry.dialog_index < (int)filament_index_remap.size())
+            filament_index_remap[entry.dialog_index] = (int)final_idx;
+        BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(info) << "handle_textured_mesh_import: created pending physical filament dialog="
+                                << entry.dialog_index << " final=" << final_idx
+                                << " color=" << entry.color_hex
+                                << " preset=" << entry.preset_name;
+        ++new_physical_order;
+    }
+
+    std::vector<std::string> physical_colors_for_mixing = collect_physical_color_strs();
+    for (const auto& mixed : result.new_mixed_filaments) {
+        MixedFilamentResult mixed_result;
+        mixed_result.ratios = mixed.ratios;
+        mixed_result.components.reserve(mixed.component_dialog_indices.size());
+        bool valid_components = true;
+        for (int component_dialog_idx : mixed.component_dialog_indices) {
+            if (component_dialog_idx < 0 || component_dialog_idx >= (int)filament_index_remap.size() ||
+                filament_index_remap[component_dialog_idx] < 0) {
+                valid_components = false;
+                break;
+            }
+            mixed_result.components.push_back((unsigned int)(filament_index_remap[component_dialog_idx] + 1));
+        }
+        if (!valid_components || mixed_result.components.size() < 2 ||
+            mixed_result.components.size() != mixed_result.ratios.size()) {
+            BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(warning) << "handle_textured_mesh_import: invalid pending mixed filament dialog="
+                                       << mixed.dialog_index;
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        const int final_idx = (int)wxGetApp().preset_bundle->filament_presets.size();
+        if (create_mixed_filament_from_result(sidebar, mixed_result, physical_colors_for_mixing)) {
+            if (mixed.dialog_index >= 0 && mixed.dialog_index < (int)filament_index_remap.size())
+                filament_index_remap[mixed.dialog_index] = final_idx;
+            physical_colors_for_mixing = collect_physical_color_strs();
+            BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(info) << "handle_textured_mesh_import: created pending mixed filament dialog="
+                                    << mixed.dialog_index << " final=" << final_idx;
+        }
+    }
+
+    std::vector<Slic3r::FilamentMatch> remapped_matches = final_matches;
+    for (auto& m : remapped_matches) {
+        if (m.filament_index < 0)
+            continue;
+        if (m.filament_index < (int)filament_index_remap.size() && filament_index_remap[m.filament_index] >= 0) {
+            m.filament_index = filament_index_remap[m.filament_index];
+        } else {
+            BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(warning) << "handle_textured_mesh_import: invalid filament index "
+                                       << m.filament_index << " in texture mapping";
+            m.filament_index = -1;
+        }
+    }
+
+    int min_used_filament_1based = -1;
+    {
+        std::map<std::array<std::size_t, 3>, int> color_to_filament;
+        for (const auto& m : remapped_matches) {
+            if (m.cluster_index >= 0 && m.cluster_index < (int)painted.cluster_colors.size() && m.filament_index >= 0)
+                color_to_filament[painted.cluster_colors[m.cluster_index]] = m.filament_index + 1;
+        }
+        for (const auto& face_color : painted.face_colors) {
+            auto it = color_to_filament.find(face_color);
+            if (it == color_to_filament.end())
+                continue;
+            if (min_used_filament_1based < 0 || it->second < min_used_filament_1based)
+                min_used_filament_1based = it->second;
+        }
+    }
+    if (min_used_filament_1based < 0)
+        BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(warning) << "handle_textured_mesh_import: cannot determine base filament from painted faces";
+
+    if (!update_apply_progress(25, _L("Applying texture colors...")))
+        return;
+
+    for (size_t obj_order = 0; obj_order < obj_idxs.size(); ++obj_order) {
+        size_t idx = obj_idxs[obj_order];
+        if (idx >= loaded_model.objects.size()) continue;
+        ModelObject* obj = loaded_model.objects[idx];
+        if (!obj) continue;
+
+        // painted is derived from the whole textured mesh and is meaningful
+        // only against a single MODEL_PART volume. Applying it to every
+        // volume of a multi-part / modifier object would overwrite each
+        // volume with the same painted geometry. Restrict to the first
+        // model_part and warn when the object holds more than one.
+        ModelVolume* target = nullptr;
+        int part_count = 0;
+        for (ModelVolume* vol : obj->volumes) {
+            if (vol && vol->is_model_part()) {
+                ++part_count;
+                if (!target) target = vol;
+            }
+        }
+        if (!target) continue;
+        if (part_count > 1) {
+            BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(warning)
+                << "handle_textured_mesh_import: object has " << part_count
+                << " model parts; painting only applied to the first part.";
+        }
+        if (Slic3r::apply_painted_mesh_to_volume(painted, remapped_matches, *target)
+            && min_used_filament_1based > 0) {
+            target->config.set("extruder", min_used_filament_1based);
+            obj->config.set("extruder", min_used_filament_1based);
+            if (update_scene) {
+                if (auto* obj_list = wxGetApp().obj_list()) {
+                    obj_list->update_objects_list_filament_column(std::max<size_t>(
+                        wxGetApp().filaments_cnt(), (size_t)min_used_filament_1based));
+                    obj_list->update_info_items(idx);
+                }
+            }
+            BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(info) << "handle_textured_mesh_import: set base filament to "
+                                    << min_used_filament_1based << " for object index " << idx
+                                    << ", object extruder=" << obj->config.extruder()
+                                    << ", volume extruder=" << target->config.extruder();
+        }
+        // bbox invalidation is performed inside apply_painted_mesh_to_volume.
+        obj->ensure_on_bed();
+        const int object_percent = 25 + (int)(60 * (obj_order + 1) / std::max<size_t>(obj_idxs.size(), 1));
+        if (!update_apply_progress(object_percent, _L("Applying texture colors...")))
+            return;
+    }
+
+    BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(info) << "handle_textured_mesh_import: painting applied to model volumes";
+    loaded_model.texture_mesh.reset();
+    if (update_scene) {
+        if (!update_apply_progress(90, _L("Updating 3D view...")))
+            return;
+        update();
+    }
+    update_apply_progress(100, _L("Texture colors applied."));
+}
+
+void Plater::priv::handle_textured_mesh_import(Slic3r::Model& loaded_model, const std::vector<size_t>& obj_idxs,
+                                               std::function<bool()> cancel_callback)
+{
+    TextureImportResult result;
+    if (!run_textured_mesh_import_dialog(loaded_model, result, std::move(cancel_callback)))
+        return;
+    if (!result.painted.face_colors.empty())
+        apply_textured_mesh_import_result(loaded_model, obj_idxs, result);
+}
+
 Sidebar&        Plater::sidebar()           { return *p->sidebar; }
 const Model&    Plater::model() const       { return p->model; }
 Model&          Plater::model()             { return p->model; }
diff --git a/src/slic3r/GUI/Plater.hpp b/src/slic3r/GUI/Plater.hpp
index 6a42f61fd5..49bc247c59 100644
--- a/src/slic3r/GUI/Plater.hpp
+++ b/src/slic3r/GUI/Plater.hpp
@@ -86,6 +86,10 @@ using t_optgroups = std::vector <std::shared_ptr<ConfigOptionsGroup>>;
 class Plater;
 enum class ActionButtonType : int;
 
+// Sentinel filament id meaning "use the slot the sidebar context menu was opened on"
+// (Sidebar::priv::m_menu_filament_id) rather than an explicit index.
+inline constexpr int kSidebarContextMenuFilamentId = -2;
+
 #define EVT_PUBLISHING_START        1
 #define EVT_PUBLISHING_STOP         2
 
@@ -188,7 +192,7 @@ public:
     void delete_filament(size_t filament_id = size_t(-1), int replace_filament_id = -1);  // 0 base, -1 means default
     void change_filament(size_t from_id, size_t to_id);  // 0 base
     void edit_filament();
-    void add_custom_filament(wxColour new_col);
+    void add_custom_filament(wxColour new_col, const std::string& preset_name = std::string(), bool skip_preset_validation = false);
     bool is_new_project_in_gcode3mf();
     // BBS
     void on_bed_type_change(BedType bed_type);
@@ -262,6 +266,20 @@ public:
     std::vector<PlaterPresetComboBox*>&   combos_filament();
     void                                 clear_combos_filament_badge();
     void                                 udpate_combos_filament_badge();
+
+    // Mixed-color filament sidebar section
+    void add_mixed_filament();
+    void edit_mixed_filament(size_t idx);
+    void delete_mixed_filament_at(size_t idx);
+    void decompose_filament_color(int filament_idx);
+    void recalc_filament_scroll_sizes();
+    void update_mixed_filament_list();
+    bool has_broken_mixed_filament() const;
+    bool has_broken_mixed_filament(const PartPlate* plate) const;
+    void collect_physical_filament_info(std::vector<std::string>& color_strs,
+                                        std::vector<std::string>& names,
+                                        std::vector<std::string>& types,
+                                        std::vector<size_t>* config_indices = nullptr);
     Search::OptionsSearcher&        get_searcher();
     std::string&                    get_search_line();
     void                            update_printer_thumbnail();
@@ -313,6 +331,11 @@ public:
     const SLAPrint& sla_print() const;
     SLAPrint& sla_print();
 
+    // Helper: returns config indices where filament_is_mixed == true
+    std::vector<size_t> mixed_filament_config_indices() const;
+    // Helper: returns config indices where filament_is_mixed == false
+    std::vector<size_t> physical_filament_config_indices() const;
+
     int new_project(bool skip_confirm = false, bool silent = false, const wxString& project_name = wxString());
     // BBS: save & backup
     void load_project(wxString const & filename = "", wxString const & originfile = "-");
diff --git a/src/slic3r/GUI/Tab.cpp b/src/slic3r/GUI/Tab.cpp
index bec3bed20b..42796dd3e5 100644
--- a/src/slic3r/GUI/Tab.cpp
+++ b/src/slic3r/GUI/Tab.cpp
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 #include "PresetHints.hpp"
 #include "libslic3r/PresetBundle.hpp"
 #include "libslic3r/PrintConfig.hpp"
+#include "libslic3r/FilamentMixer.hpp"
 #include "libslic3r/Utils.hpp"
 #include "libslic3r/Model.hpp"
 #include "libslic3r/GCode/GCodeProcessor.hpp"
@@ -3497,6 +3498,21 @@ void TabPrintModel::activate_selected_page(std::function<void()> throw_if_cancel
                 f->set_value(boost::any(), false);
         }
     }
+    if (m_type == Preset::TYPE_PLATE)
+        static_cast<TabPrintPlate *>(this)->update_mixed_filament_seq_state();
+}
+
+// A mixed-color slot resolves to a different physical filament per layer, so a
+// user-defined filament print order cannot be honoured while one exists.
+void TabPrintPlate::update_mixed_filament_seq_state()
+{
+    if (!m_active_page) return;
+    auto &proj_cfg  = m_preset_bundle->project_config;
+    auto *opt       = proj_cfg.option<ConfigOptionBools>("filament_is_mixed");
+    bool  has_mixed = opt && has_any_mixed_filament(opt->values);
+
+    toggle_option("first_layer_sequence_choice", !has_mixed);
+    toggle_option("other_layers_sequence_choice", !has_mixed);
 }
 
 void TabPrintModel::on_value_change(const std::string& opt_id, const boost::any& value)
diff --git a/src/slic3r/GUI/Tab.hpp b/src/slic3r/GUI/Tab.hpp
index 19eb0b849d..4f9cbf7b72 100644
--- a/src/slic3r/GUI/Tab.hpp
+++ b/src/slic3r/GUI/Tab.hpp
@@ -545,6 +545,8 @@ public:
 	void build() override;
 	void reset_model_config() override;
 	int show_spiral_mode_settings_dialog(bool is_object_config) { return m_config_manipulation.show_spiral_mode_settings_dialog(is_object_config); }
+	// Disables the user-defined filament print order while a mixed-color filament exists.
+	void update_mixed_filament_seq_state();
 
 protected:
 	virtual void    on_value_change(const std::string& opt_key, const boost::any& value) override;
diff --git a/src/slic3r/GUI/TextureImportDialog.cpp b/src/slic3r/GUI/TextureImportDialog.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c9e5fb2147
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/slic3r/GUI/TextureImportDialog.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,4333 @@
+#include <glad/gl.h>
+#include "OpenGLManager.hpp"
+
+#include "TextureImportDialog.hpp"
+#include "I18N.hpp"
+#include "GUI_App.hpp"
+#include "MsgDialog.hpp"
+#include "ColorDecomposeDialog.hpp"
+#include "ColorDecomposeSupport.hpp"
+#include "Widgets/StateColor.hpp"
+#include "Widgets/StaticLine.hpp"
+#include "libslic3r/ColorDecomposeRecipe.hpp"
+#include "libslic3r/MeshBoolean.hpp"
+#include "libslic3r/TriangleSelector.hpp"
+
+#include <wx/button.h>
+#include <wx/colour.h>
+#include <wx/colordlg.h>
+#include <wx/dcclient.h>
+#include <wx/dcbuffer.h>
+#include <wx/display.h>
+#include <wx/evtloop.h>
+#include <wx/statline.h>
+#include <wx/scrolwin.h>
+#include <wx/msgdlg.h>
+#include <wx/utils.h>
+#include <wx/valtext.h>
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <cctype>
+#include <cstring>
+#include <cmath>
+#include <limits>
+#include <map>
+#include <set>
+#include <sstream>
+
+#include <boost/log/trivial.hpp>
+
+static constexpr const char* DEFAULT_VIRTUAL_FILAMENT_BASIC_TYPE = "PLA Basic";
+static constexpr const char* DEFAULT_VIRTUAL_FILAMENT_SHORT_TYPE = "PLA";
+static constexpr const char* DEFAULT_VIRTUAL_FILAMENT_NAME       = "Bambu PLA Basic";
+
+static bool is_dark() { return Slic3r::GUI::wxGetApp().dark_mode(); }
+
+static wxColour dark_or(const wxColour& light, const wxColour& dark)
+{
+    return is_dark() ? dark : light;
+}
+
+static wxColour texture_import_gray9000()
+{
+    return wxColour(38, 46, 48);
+}
+
+static wxColour texture_import_text_colour()
+{
+    return StateColor::darkModeColorFor(texture_import_gray9000());
+}
+
+static wxColour texture_import_separator_colour()
+{
+    return StateColor::darkModeColorFor(wxColour("#CECECE"));
+}
+
+static wxFont texture_import_section_title_font(wxWindow* win)
+{
+    wxFont font = win ? win->GetFont() : wxSystemSettings::GetFont(wxSYS_DEFAULT_GUI_FONT);
+    font.MakeBold();
+    return font;
+}
+
+static wxSize gl_viewport_size(wxWindow* win, const wxSize& logical_size)
+{
+    wxSize viewport_size = logical_size;
+#ifdef __APPLE__
+    const double scale = win ? win->GetContentScaleFactor() : 1.0;
+    if (scale > 0.0) {
+        viewport_size.x = std::max(1, (int)std::round(viewport_size.x * scale));
+        viewport_size.y = std::max(1, (int)std::round(viewport_size.y * scale));
+    }
+#else
+    (void)win;
+#endif
+    return viewport_size;
+}
+
+class ScopedInteractiveBusyCursorSuspender
+{
+public:
+    ScopedInteractiveBusyCursorSuspender()
+    {
+#if defined(__WXMSW__) || defined(__APPLE__)
+        while (wxIsBusy()) {
+            wxEndBusyCursor();
+            ++m_suspended_count;
+        }
+#endif
+    }
+
+    ~ScopedInteractiveBusyCursorSuspender()
+    {
+#if defined(__WXMSW__) || defined(__APPLE__)
+        for (int i = 0; i < m_suspended_count; ++i)
+            wxBeginBusyCursor();
+#endif
+    }
+
+private:
+    int m_suspended_count = 0;
+};
+
+static bool needs_filament_swatch_border(const wxColour& colour)
+{
+    if (is_dark())
+        return colour.Red() < 45 && colour.Green() < 45 && colour.Blue() < 45;
+    return colour.Red() > 224 && colour.Green() > 224 && colour.Blue() > 224;
+}
+
+static wxColour filament_swatch_border_colour()
+{
+    return is_dark() ? wxColour(207, 207, 207) : wxColour(130, 130, 128);
+}
+
+static void draw_filament_swatch_border(wxDC& dc, const wxColour& colour,
+                                        int x, int y, int w, int h, int radius = 0)
+{
+    if (!needs_filament_swatch_border(colour))
+        return;
+
+    dc.SetPen(wxPen(filament_swatch_border_colour(), 1));
+    dc.SetBrush(*wxTRANSPARENT_BRUSH);
+    if (radius > 0)
+        dc.DrawRoundedRectangle(x, y, w, h, radius);
+    else
+        dc.DrawRectangle(x, y, w, h);
+}
+
+static void draw_filament_swatch_ellipse_border(wxDC& dc, const wxColour& colour,
+                                                int x, int y, int w, int h)
+{
+    if (!needs_filament_swatch_border(colour))
+        return;
+
+    dc.SetPen(wxPen(filament_swatch_border_colour(), 1));
+    dc.SetBrush(*wxTRANSPARENT_BRUSH);
+    dc.DrawEllipse(x, y, w, h);
+}
+
+static wxString ellipsize_text(wxDC& dc, wxString text, int max_width)
+{
+    if (max_width <= 0)
+        return wxEmptyString;
+    if (dc.GetTextExtent(text).x <= max_width)
+        return text;
+
+    const wxString ellipsis = "...";
+    while (!text.empty() && dc.GetTextExtent(text + ellipsis).x > max_width)
+        text.RemoveLast();
+    if (text.empty() && dc.GetTextExtent(ellipsis).x > max_width)
+        return wxString();
+    return text + ellipsis;
+}
+
+static int draw_brand_icon_and_strip(wxDC& dc, wxWindow* win, wxString& name, int x, int cy)
+{
+    int icon_sz = win->FromDIP(16);
+    if (name.StartsWith("Bambu ")) {
+        name = name.Mid(6);
+        wxBitmap bmp = create_scaled_bitmap("BambuStudioBlack", win, 16);
+        if (bmp.IsOk())
+            dc.DrawBitmap(bmp, x, cy - icon_sz / 2, true);
+        x += icon_sz + win->FromDIP(4);
+    }
+    return x;
+}
+
+// ============================================================
+// GreenSlider — thin track + green triangle thumb
+// ============================================================
+
+class GreenSlider : public wxPanel {
+public:
+    GreenSlider(wxWindow* parent, int value, int minVal, int maxVal,
+                const wxPoint& pos = wxDefaultPosition,
+                const wxSize& size = wxDefaultSize);
+    int  GetValue() const;
+    void SetValue(int val);
+    bool Enable(bool enable = true) override;
+private:
+    void OnPaint(wxPaintEvent&);
+    void OnMouse(wxMouseEvent&);
+    int  xFromValue() const;
+    int  valueFromX(int x) const;
+    int  m_value, m_min, m_max;
+    bool m_dragging = false;
+};
+
+GreenSlider::GreenSlider(wxWindow* parent, int value, int minVal, int maxVal,
+                         const wxPoint& pos, const wxSize& size)
+    : wxPanel(parent, wxID_ANY, pos, size.IsFullySpecified() ? size : wxSize(-1, parent->FromDIP(24)),
+              wxTAB_TRAVERSAL | wxFULL_REPAINT_ON_RESIZE)
+    , m_value(std::clamp(value, minVal, maxVal)), m_min(minVal), m_max(maxVal)
+{
+    SetBackgroundStyle(wxBG_STYLE_PAINT);
+    SetMinSize(wxSize(-1, FromDIP(24)));
+
+    Bind(wxEVT_PAINT,     &GreenSlider::OnPaint, this);
+    Bind(wxEVT_SIZE, [this](wxSizeEvent& evt) {
+        evt.Skip();
+        Refresh();
+    });
+    Bind(wxEVT_LEFT_DOWN, &GreenSlider::OnMouse, this);
+    Bind(wxEVT_LEFT_UP,   &GreenSlider::OnMouse, this);
+    Bind(wxEVT_MOTION,    &GreenSlider::OnMouse, this);
+}
+
+int GreenSlider::GetValue() const { return m_value; }
+
+void GreenSlider::SetValue(int val)
+{
+    val = std::clamp(val, m_min, m_max);
+    if (val != m_value) { m_value = val; Refresh(); }
+}
+
+bool GreenSlider::Enable(bool enable)
+{
+    bool ok = wxPanel::Enable(enable);
+    Refresh();
+    return ok;
+}
+
+int GreenSlider::xFromValue() const
+{
+    wxSize sz = GetClientSize();
+    int margin = FromDIP(6);
+    int track_w = sz.x - 2 * margin;
+    if (m_max <= m_min || track_w <= 0) return margin;
+    return margin + (m_value - m_min) * track_w / (m_max - m_min);
+}
+
+int GreenSlider::valueFromX(int x) const
+{
+    wxSize sz = GetClientSize();
+    int margin = FromDIP(6);
+    int track_w = sz.x - 2 * margin;
+    if (track_w <= 0 || m_max <= m_min) return m_min;
+    int val = m_min + (x - margin) * (m_max - m_min) / track_w;
+    return std::clamp(val, m_min, m_max);
+}
+
+void GreenSlider::OnPaint(wxPaintEvent&)
+{
+    wxAutoBufferedPaintDC dc(this);
+    wxSize sz = GetClientSize();
+
+    dc.SetBackground(wxBrush(GetParent()->GetBackgroundColour()));
+    dc.Clear();
+
+    int margin = FromDIP(6);
+    int track_y = sz.y / 2;
+    int ts = FromDIP(8);
+    int pen_w = FromDIP(2);
+
+    wxColour greenClr = IsEnabled() ? wxColour(0, 174, 66)
+                                    : dark_or(wxColour(180, 180, 180), wxColour(90, 90, 96));
+    wxColour grayClr  = IsEnabled() ? dark_or(wxColour(200, 200, 200), wxColour(90, 90, 96))
+                                    : dark_or(wxColour(220, 220, 220), wxColour(70, 70, 76));
+
+    int tx = xFromValue();
+
+    dc.SetPen(wxPen(greenClr, pen_w));
+    dc.DrawLine(margin, track_y, tx, track_y);
+
+    dc.SetPen(wxPen(grayClr, pen_w));
+    dc.DrawLine(tx, track_y, sz.x - margin, track_y);
+
+    wxPoint tri[3] = {
+        {tx,          track_y + FromDIP(1)},
+        {tx - ts / 2, track_y + FromDIP(1) + ts},
+        {tx + ts / 2, track_y + FromDIP(1) + ts}
+    };
+    dc.SetBrush(wxBrush(greenClr));
+    dc.SetPen(*wxTRANSPARENT_PEN);
+    dc.DrawPolygon(3, tri);
+}
+
+void GreenSlider::OnMouse(wxMouseEvent& evt)
+{
+    if (!IsEnabled()) return;
+
+    auto update = [&](int x) {
+        int nv = valueFromX(x);
+        if (nv != m_value) {
+            m_value = nv;
+            Refresh();
+            wxCommandEvent e(wxEVT_SLIDER, GetId());
+            e.SetEventObject(this);
+            ProcessWindowEvent(e);
+        }
+    };
+
+    if (evt.LeftDown()) {
+        m_dragging = true;
+        CaptureMouse();
+        update(evt.GetX());
+    } else if (evt.LeftUp()) {
+        m_dragging = false;
+        if (HasCapture()) ReleaseMouse();
+    } else if (evt.Dragging() && m_dragging) {
+        update(evt.GetX());
+    }
+}
+
+namespace Slic3r { namespace GUI {
+
+wxDEFINE_EVENT(EVT_TEXTURE_COMPUTE_DONE, wxCommandEvent);
+wxDEFINE_EVENT(EVT_TEXTURE_COMPUTE_PROGRESS, wxCommandEvent);
+wxDEFINE_EVENT(EVT_TEXTURE_COMPUTE_ERROR, wxCommandEvent);
+wxDEFINE_EVENT(EVT_TEXTURE_MESH_REPAIR_DECISION, wxCommandEvent);
+
+static std::array<float, 4> parse_color_string(const std::string& hex)
+{
+    std::array<float, 4> c = {1.f, 1.f, 1.f, 1.f};
+    if (hex.size() >= 7 && hex[0] == '#') {
+        unsigned long val = std::strtoul(hex.c_str() + 1, nullptr, 16);
+        c[0] = ((val >> 16) & 0xFF) / 255.f;
+        c[1] = ((val >>  8) & 0xFF) / 255.f;
+        c[2] = ((val      ) & 0xFF) / 255.f;
+    }
+    return c;
+}
+
+static wxString rgb_to_hex(const std::array<std::size_t, 3>& c)
+{
+    return wxString::Format("#%02X%02X%02X",
+        (unsigned)c[0], (unsigned)c[1], (unsigned)c[2]);
+}
+
+static wxString filament_name_to_wx_string(const std::string& name)
+{
+    wxString utf8_name = wxString::FromUTF8(name.c_str());
+    if (!utf8_name.empty() || name.empty())
+        return utf8_name;
+    return wxString(name);
+}
+
+static std::string texture_normalize_color_hex(std::string hex)
+{
+    if (hex.empty())
+        return "#808080";
+    if (hex.front() != '#')
+        hex = "#" + hex;
+    return decompose_normalize_color_hex(std::move(hex));
+}
+
+static std::string texture_rgba_to_hex(const std::array<float, 4>& rgba)
+{
+    return wxString::Format("#%02X%02X%02X",
+        (unsigned char)std::clamp(rgba[0] * 255.f, 0.f, 255.f),
+        (unsigned char)std::clamp(rgba[1] * 255.f, 0.f, 255.f),
+        (unsigned char)std::clamp(rgba[2] * 255.f, 0.f, 255.f)).ToStdString();
+}
+
+static bool texture_entry_is_physical(TextureFilamentKind kind)
+{
+    return kind == TextureFilamentKind::ExistingPhysical || kind == TextureFilamentKind::NewPhysical;
+}
+
+static bool texture_entry_is_mixed(TextureFilamentKind kind)
+{
+    return kind == TextureFilamentKind::ExistingMixed || kind == TextureFilamentKind::NewMixed;
+}
+
+static bool texture_entry_is_pla_basic(const TextureFilamentEntry& entry)
+{
+    return entry.type == DEFAULT_VIRTUAL_FILAMENT_SHORT_TYPE || entry.type == DEFAULT_VIRTUAL_FILAMENT_BASIC_TYPE ||
+           entry.name.find(DEFAULT_VIRTUAL_FILAMENT_BASIC_TYPE) != std::string::npos ||
+           entry.preset_name.find(DEFAULT_VIRTUAL_FILAMENT_BASIC_TYPE) != std::string::npos;
+}
+
+static bool texture_entry_official_basic(const TextureFilamentEntry& entry)
+{
+    if (!texture_entry_is_physical(entry.kind))
+        return false;
+    // NewPhysical entries are created by add_virtual_filament with a fixed Bambu Basic name.
+    if (entry.kind == TextureFilamentKind::NewPhysical)
+        return !official_basic_type_from_preset_name(entry.name).empty();
+    // ExistingPhysical: resolve the filament preset name from project_config_index.
+    auto& pb = *wxGetApp().preset_bundle;
+    const size_t cfg = entry.project_config_index;
+    if (cfg < pb.filament_presets.size())
+        return !official_basic_type_from_preset_name(pb.filament_presets[cfg]).empty();
+    return false;
+}
+
+static Slic3r::ColorDecomposeRecipeMode texture_recipe_mode(TextureAutoMixMode mode)
+{
+    return mode == TextureAutoMixMode::CMYW ? Slic3r::ColorDecomposeRecipeMode::CMYW :
+                                             Slic3r::ColorDecomposeRecipeMode::RYBW;
+}
+
+static bool starts_with_preset_name(const std::string& name, const char* prefix)
+{
+    const size_t prefix_len = std::strlen(prefix);
+    return name.size() >= prefix_len && name.compare(0, prefix_len, prefix) == 0;
+}
+
+static std::string resolve_default_virtual_filament_preset_name()
+{
+    auto* preset_bundle = wxGetApp().preset_bundle;
+    if (!preset_bundle)
+        return {};
+
+    auto valid_preset_name = [preset_bundle](const std::string& name) -> bool {
+        return !name.empty() && preset_bundle->filaments.find_preset(name, false) != nullptr;
+    };
+
+    const auto* default_profiles = preset_bundle->printers.get_selected_preset()
+        .config.option<ConfigOptionStrings>("default_filament_profile");
+    if (default_profiles) {
+        for (const std::string& name : default_profiles->values) {
+            if (starts_with_preset_name(name, DEFAULT_VIRTUAL_FILAMENT_NAME) && valid_preset_name(name))
+                return name;
+        }
+    }
+
+    for (const Preset& preset : preset_bundle->filaments.get_presets()) {
+        if (preset.is_system && preset.is_visible && preset.is_compatible &&
+            starts_with_preset_name(preset.name, DEFAULT_VIRTUAL_FILAMENT_NAME)) {
+            return preset.name;
+        }
+    }
+
+    for (const Preset& preset : preset_bundle->filaments.get_presets()) {
+        if (preset.is_visible && preset.is_compatible &&
+            starts_with_preset_name(preset.name, DEFAULT_VIRTUAL_FILAMENT_NAME)) {
+            return preset.name;
+        }
+    }
+
+    std::string selected = preset_bundle->filaments.get_selected_preset_name();
+    return valid_preset_name(selected) ? selected : std::string();
+}
+
+static wxString auto_mix_mode_label(TextureAutoMixMode mode)
+{
+    return mode == TextureAutoMixMode::CMYW ? _L("One-click CMYW auto-mix") :
+                                             _L("One-click RYBW auto-mix");
+}
+
+static wxPoint constrained_dialog_position(wxWindow* anchor, const wxSize& dialog_size)
+{
+    if (!anchor)
+        return wxDefaultPosition;
+
+    wxSize size = dialog_size;
+    if (size.x <= 0 || size.y <= 0)
+        size = wxSize(anchor->FromDIP(450), anchor->FromDIP(350));
+
+    wxPoint pos = anchor->ClientToScreen(wxPoint(0, anchor->GetSize().y));
+    wxRect display_rect;
+    int display_idx = wxDisplay::GetFromPoint(pos);
+    if (display_idx != wxNOT_FOUND)
+        display_rect = wxDisplay(display_idx).GetClientArea();
+    else
+        display_rect = wxDisplay().GetClientArea();
+
+    pos.x = std::clamp(pos.x, display_rect.GetLeft(),
+                       std::max(display_rect.GetLeft(), display_rect.GetRight() - size.x));
+    pos.y = std::clamp(pos.y, display_rect.GetTop(),
+                       std::max(display_rect.GetTop(), display_rect.GetBottom() - size.y));
+    return pos;
+}
+
+// ============================================================
+// FilamentSelectPopup
+// ============================================================
+
+class FilamentSelectPopup : public PopupWindow
+{
+public:
+    FilamentSelectPopup(wxWindow* parent,
+                        const std::vector<TextureFilamentEntry>& entries,
+                        const std::vector<std::array<float, 4>>& colors_rgba,
+                        const std::vector<std::string>&          names,
+                        size_t                                   existing_count,
+                        int                                      popup_width,
+                        wxWindow*                                dialog_anchor,
+                        std::function<void(int)>                 on_select,
+                        std::function<void(wxColour)>            on_add_filament,
+                        std::function<void()>                    on_decompose_color,
+                        std::function<bool()>                    can_add_filament,
+                        std::function<void(bool)>                on_close)
+        : PopupWindow(parent, wxBORDER_NONE | wxPU_CONTAINS_CONTROLS)
+        , m_entries(entries)
+        , m_colors_rgba(colors_rgba)
+        , m_names(names)
+        , m_existing_count(existing_count)
+        , m_dialog_anchor(dialog_anchor)
+        , m_on_select(std::move(on_select))
+        , m_on_add_filament(std::move(on_add_filament))
+        , m_on_decompose_color(std::move(on_decompose_color))
+        , m_can_add_filament(std::move(can_add_filament))
+        , m_on_close(std::move(on_close))
+    {
+        wxColour pop_bg = dark_or(*wxWHITE, wxColour(0x2D, 0x2D, 0x31));
+        SetBackgroundColour(pop_bg);
+
+        m_content = new wxScrolledWindow(this, wxID_ANY, wxDefaultPosition, wxDefaultSize, wxVSCROLL);
+        m_content->SetBackgroundColour(pop_bg);
+        m_content->SetScrollRate(0, FromDIP(5));
+        auto* outer = new wxBoxSizer(wxVERTICAL);
+
+        const int pop_w   = std::max(FromDIP(213), popup_width);
+        const int row_h   = FromDIP(32);
+        const int pad     = FromDIP(8);
+        const int max_visible_rows = 10;
+        const wxColour header_clr = dark_or(wxColour(0xAC, 0xAC, 0xAC), wxColour(0x81, 0x81, 0x83));
+
+        auto add_section_header = [&](const wxString& label) {
+            auto* hdr = new wxStaticText(m_content, wxID_ANY, label);
+            wxFont hf = hdr->GetFont();
+            hf.SetPointSize(9);
+            hdr->SetFont(hf);
+            hdr->SetForegroundColour(header_clr);
+            outer->Add(hdr, 0, wxLEFT | wxRIGHT | wxTOP, pad);
+            auto* line = new StaticLine(m_content);
+            line->SetLineColour(texture_import_separator_colour());
+            outer->Add(line, 0, wxEXPAND | wxLEFT | wxRIGHT | wxTOP | wxBOTTOM, pad);
+        };
+
+        auto add_section = [&](const wxString& label, TextureFilamentKind kind) {
+            bool has_any = false;
+            for (const auto& entry : m_entries) {
+                if (entry.kind == kind) {
+                    has_any = true;
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+            if (!has_any)
+                return;
+            add_section_header(label);
+            for (const auto& entry : m_entries) {
+                if (entry.kind != kind)
+                    continue;
+                wxPanel* row = texture_entry_is_mixed(entry.kind) ? create_mixed_item_row(entry, row_h)
+                                                                  : create_item_row((size_t)entry.dialog_index, row_h);
+                outer->Add(row, 0, wxEXPAND | wxLEFT | wxRIGHT, pad);
+            }
+        };
+
+        add_section(_L("Project Physical Filaments"), TextureFilamentKind::ExistingPhysical);
+        add_section(_L("Project Mixed Filaments"), TextureFilamentKind::ExistingMixed);
+        add_section(_L("New Physical Filaments"), TextureFilamentKind::NewPhysical);
+        add_section(_L("New Mixed Filaments"), TextureFilamentKind::NewMixed);
+
+        auto* decompose_label = new wxStaticText(this, wxID_ANY, _L("Decompose Color"));
+        auto* add_label = new wxStaticText(this, wxID_ANY, _L("+ Add Material"));
+        wxFont af = add_label->GetFont();
+        af.SetPointSize(10);
+        add_label->SetFont(af);
+        decompose_label->SetFont(af);
+        const bool add_enabled = !m_can_add_filament || m_can_add_filament();
+        add_label->SetForegroundColour(add_enabled ? wxColour(0x00, 0xAE, 0x42) : header_clr);
+        decompose_label->SetForegroundColour(add_enabled ? wxColour(0x00, 0xAE, 0x42) : header_clr);
+        add_label->SetCursor(wxCursor(add_enabled ? wxCURSOR_HAND : wxCURSOR_ARROW));
+        decompose_label->SetCursor(wxCursor(add_enabled ? wxCURSOR_HAND : wxCURSOR_ARROW));
+        if (!add_enabled)
+            add_label->SetToolTip(wxString::Format(
+                _L("The project supports up to %d filaments. Extra filaments will be discarded."),
+                (int)EnforcerBlockerType::ExtruderMax));
+        decompose_label->Bind(wxEVT_LEFT_DOWN, [this](wxMouseEvent&) {
+            if (m_can_add_filament && !m_can_add_filament())
+                return;
+            auto on_decompose_color = m_on_decompose_color;
+            m_closing_from_action = true;
+            Dismiss();
+            if (on_decompose_color)
+                on_decompose_color();
+        });
+        add_label->Bind(wxEVT_LEFT_DOWN, [this](wxMouseEvent&) {
+            if (m_can_add_filament && !m_can_add_filament()) {
+                return;
+            }
+            auto on_add_filament = m_on_add_filament;
+            wxWindow* popup_parent = GetParent();
+            wxWindow* color_anchor = m_dialog_anchor ? m_dialog_anchor : popup_parent;
+            m_closing_from_action = true;
+            Dismiss();
+            wxColourData cd;
+            cd.SetChooseFull(true);
+            wxColourDialog dlg(popup_parent, &cd);
+            auto move_color_dialog = [&dlg, color_anchor]() {
+                dlg.Move(constrained_dialog_position(color_anchor, dlg.GetBestSize()));
+            };
+            dlg.Bind(wxEVT_SHOW, [move_color_dialog](wxShowEvent& e) mutable {
+                e.Skip();
+                if (e.IsShown())
+                    move_color_dialog();
+            });
+            move_color_dialog();
+            if (dlg.ShowModal() == wxID_OK) {
+                wxColour clr = dlg.GetColourData().GetColour();
+                if (on_add_filament) on_add_filament(clr);
+            }
+        });
+
+        m_content->SetSizer(outer);
+        m_content->FitInside();
+
+        auto* top_sizer = new wxBoxSizer(wxVERTICAL);
+        int list_h = outer->GetMinSize().y;
+        if (m_colors_rgba.size() > max_visible_rows)
+            list_h -= ((int)m_colors_rgba.size() - max_visible_rows) * row_h;
+        m_content->SetMinSize(wxSize(pop_w, list_h));
+        m_content->SetMaxSize(wxSize(pop_w, list_h));
+        top_sizer->Add(m_content, 0, wxEXPAND);
+
+        top_sizer->AddSpacer(FromDIP(4));
+        auto* sep_line = new StaticLine(this);
+        sep_line->SetLineColour(texture_import_separator_colour());
+        top_sizer->Add(sep_line, 0, wxEXPAND | wxLEFT | wxRIGHT, pad);
+        top_sizer->Add(decompose_label, 0, wxALIGN_CENTER_HORIZONTAL | wxLEFT | wxRIGHT | wxTOP | wxBOTTOM, pad);
+        auto* sep_line2 = new StaticLine(this);
+        sep_line2->SetLineColour(texture_import_separator_colour());
+        top_sizer->Add(sep_line2, 0, wxEXPAND | wxLEFT | wxRIGHT, pad);
+        top_sizer->Add(add_label, 0, wxALIGN_CENTER_HORIZONTAL | wxLEFT | wxRIGHT | wxTOP | wxBOTTOM, pad);
+        SetSizerAndFit(top_sizer);
+
+        SetSize(pop_w, top_sizer->GetMinSize().y);
+    }
+
+private:
+    void OnDismiss() override
+    {
+        restore_cursor_state();
+        if (m_on_close) m_on_close(m_closing_from_action);
+        m_closing_from_action = false;
+        wxPopupTransientWindow::OnDismiss();
+        schedule_destroy();
+    }
+
+    void restore_cursor_state()
+    {
+        SetCursor(wxNullCursor);
+        if (m_content)
+            m_content->SetCursor(wxNullCursor);
+        if (m_dialog_anchor)
+            m_dialog_anchor->SetCursor(wxCursor(wxCURSOR_HAND));
+        wxSetCursor(wxNullCursor);
+    }
+
+    void schedule_destroy()
+    {
+        if (m_destroy_scheduled)
+            return;
+        m_destroy_scheduled = true;
+        CallAfter([this]() { Destroy(); });
+    }
+
+    wxPanel* create_item_row(size_t idx, int row_h)
+    {
+        wxColour row_bg    = dark_or(*wxWHITE, wxColour(0x2D, 0x2D, 0x31));
+        wxColour hover_bg  = dark_or(wxColour(245, 245, 245), wxColour(0x3C, 0x3C, 0x42));
+        wxColour name_fg   = texture_import_text_colour();
+
+        wxPanel* row = new wxPanel(m_content, wxID_ANY, wxDefaultPosition, wxSize(-1, row_h));
+        row->SetBackgroundColour(row_bg);
+        row->SetBackgroundStyle(wxBG_STYLE_PAINT);
+        row->SetCursor(wxCursor(wxCURSOR_HAND));
+
+        const int sq     = row->FromDIP(24);
+        const int sq_r   = row->FromDIP(2);
+        const int sq_x   = row->FromDIP(4);
+        const int gap1   = row->FromDIP(8);
+
+        wxColour fil_clr = idx < m_colors_rgba.size()
+            ? wxColour((unsigned char)(m_colors_rgba[idx][0] * 255.f),
+                       (unsigned char)(m_colors_rgba[idx][1] * 255.f),
+                       (unsigned char)(m_colors_rgba[idx][2] * 255.f))
+            : wxColour(128, 128, 128);
+
+        wxString name_str = (idx < m_names.size()) ? filament_name_to_wx_string(m_names[idx])
+                                                    : wxString::Format("Filament %d", (int)(idx + 1));
+        row->SetToolTip(name_str);
+
+        row->Bind(wxEVT_PAINT, [this, idx, sq, sq_r, sq_x, gap1, fil_clr, name_str, row_bg, hover_bg, name_fg](wxPaintEvent& e) {
+            auto* p = static_cast<wxPanel*>(e.GetEventObject());
+            wxAutoBufferedPaintDC dc(p);
+            wxSize sz = p->GetClientSize();
+
+            bool hovered = (m_hover_idx == (int)idx);
+            dc.SetBrush(wxBrush(hovered ? hover_bg : row_bg));
+            dc.SetPen(*wxTRANSPARENT_PEN);
+            dc.DrawRectangle(0, 0, sz.x, sz.y);
+
+            int sq_y = (sz.y - sq) / 2;
+            wxColour paint_clr = fil_clr;
+            if (idx < m_colors_rgba.size()) {
+                paint_clr = wxColour((unsigned char)(m_colors_rgba[idx][0] * 255.f),
+                                     (unsigned char)(m_colors_rgba[idx][1] * 255.f),
+                                     (unsigned char)(m_colors_rgba[idx][2] * 255.f));
+            }
+            dc.SetBrush(wxBrush(paint_clr));
+            dc.DrawRoundedRectangle(sq_x, sq_y, sq, sq, sq_r);
+            draw_filament_swatch_border(dc, paint_clr, sq_x, sq_y, sq, sq, sq_r);
+
+            {
+                wxFont nf = p->GetFont();
+                nf.SetPointSize(9);
+                dc.SetFont(nf);
+                dc.SetTextForeground(paint_clr.GetLuminance() < 0.6 ? *wxWHITE : texture_import_gray9000());
+                wxString ns = wxString::Format("%d", (int)(idx + 1));
+                wxSize tsz = dc.GetTextExtent(ns);
+                dc.DrawText(ns, sq_x + (sq - tsz.x) / 2, sq_y + (sq - tsz.y) / 2);
+            }
+
+            // Brand icon + material name
+            {
+                wxFont mf = p->GetFont();
+                mf.SetPointSize(10);
+                dc.SetFont(mf);
+                dc.SetTextForeground(name_fg);
+                wxString display = name_str;
+                int tx = draw_brand_icon_and_strip(dc, p, display, sq_x + sq + gap1, sz.y / 2);
+                display = ellipsize_text(dc, display, sz.x - tx - p->FromDIP(4));
+                wxSize tsz = dc.GetTextExtent(display);
+                if (!display.empty())
+                    dc.DrawText(display, tx, (sz.y - tsz.y) / 2);
+            }
+        });
+
+        row->Bind(wxEVT_MOTION, [this, idx](wxMouseEvent& evt) {
+            if (m_hover_idx != (int)idx) {
+                m_hover_idx = (int)idx;
+                m_content->Refresh();
+            }
+            evt.Skip();
+        });
+        row->Bind(wxEVT_LEAVE_WINDOW, [this](wxMouseEvent& evt) {
+            if (m_hover_idx != -1) {
+                m_hover_idx = -1;
+                m_content->Refresh();
+            }
+            evt.Skip();
+        });
+
+        row->Bind(wxEVT_LEFT_DOWN, [this, idx](wxMouseEvent&) {
+            if (m_on_select) m_on_select((int)idx);
+            m_closing_from_action = true;
+            Dismiss();
+        });
+
+        return row;
+    }
+
+    wxPanel* create_mixed_item_row(const TextureFilamentEntry& entry, int row_h)
+    {
+        wxColour row_bg    = dark_or(*wxWHITE, wxColour(0x2D, 0x2D, 0x31));
+        wxColour hover_bg  = dark_or(wxColour(245, 245, 245), wxColour(0x3C, 0x3C, 0x42));
+        wxColour name_fg   = texture_import_text_colour();
+        wxColour plus_fg   = dark_or(wxColour(38, 46, 48), wxColour(0xE6, 0xE6, 0xE8));
+        const int idx = entry.dialog_index;
+
+        wxPanel* row = new wxPanel(m_content, wxID_ANY, wxDefaultPosition, wxSize(-1, row_h));
+        row->SetBackgroundColour(row_bg);
+        row->SetBackgroundStyle(wxBG_STYLE_PAINT);
+        row->SetCursor(wxCursor(wxCURSOR_HAND));
+        row->SetToolTip(entry.name.empty() ? wxString::Format("Filament %d", idx + 1) : filament_name_to_wx_string(entry.name));
+
+        row->Bind(wxEVT_PAINT, [this, entry, idx, row_bg, hover_bg, name_fg, plus_fg](wxPaintEvent& e) {
+            auto* p = static_cast<wxPanel*>(e.GetEventObject());
+            wxAutoBufferedPaintDC dc(p);
+            wxSize sz = p->GetClientSize();
+            const bool hovered = (m_hover_idx == idx);
+            dc.SetBrush(wxBrush(hovered ? hover_bg : row_bg));
+            dc.SetPen(*wxTRANSPARENT_PEN);
+            dc.DrawRectangle(0, 0, sz.x, sz.y);
+
+            wxFont font = p->GetFont();
+            font.SetPointSize(9);
+            dc.SetFont(font);
+            int x = p->FromDIP(2);
+            const int sw = p->FromDIP(22);
+            const int sw_r = p->FromDIP(2);
+            const int y = (sz.y - sw) / 2;
+
+            for (size_t ci = 0; ci < entry.mixed_components.size() && ci < entry.mixed_ratios.size(); ++ci) {
+                if (ci > 0) {
+                    dc.SetTextForeground(plus_fg);
+                    wxString plus = "+";
+                    wxSize psz = dc.GetTextExtent(plus);
+                    dc.DrawText(plus, x, (sz.y - psz.y) / 2);
+                    x += psz.x + p->FromDIP(4);
+                }
+
+                const unsigned int comp_id = entry.mixed_components[ci];
+                const int comp_dialog_idx = comp_id >= 1 ? (int)comp_id - 1 : -1;
+                wxColour comp_clr("#D9D9D9");
+                if (comp_dialog_idx >= 0 && comp_dialog_idx < (int)m_colors_rgba.size()) {
+                    const auto& c = m_colors_rgba[comp_dialog_idx];
+                    comp_clr = wxColour((unsigned char)(c[0] * 255.f),
+                                        (unsigned char)(c[1] * 255.f),
+                                        (unsigned char)(c[2] * 255.f));
+                }
+
+                dc.SetBrush(wxBrush(comp_clr));
+                dc.SetPen(*wxTRANSPARENT_PEN);
+                dc.DrawRoundedRectangle(x, y, sw, sw, sw_r);
+                draw_filament_swatch_border(dc, comp_clr, x, y, sw, sw, sw_r);
+
+                wxString num = wxString::Format("%u", comp_id);
+                wxSize nsz = dc.GetTextExtent(num);
+                dc.SetTextForeground(comp_clr.GetLuminance() < 0.6 ? *wxWHITE : texture_import_gray9000());
+                dc.DrawText(num, x + (sw - nsz.x) / 2, y + (sw - nsz.y) / 2);
+                x += sw + p->FromDIP(4);
+
+                dc.SetTextForeground(name_fg);
+                wxString pct = wxString::Format("%d%%", entry.mixed_ratios[ci]);
+                wxSize psz = dc.GetTextExtent(pct);
+                dc.DrawText(pct, x, (sz.y - psz.y) / 2);
+                x += psz.x + p->FromDIP(4);
+            }
+        });
+
+        row->Bind(wxEVT_MOTION, [this, idx](wxMouseEvent& evt) {
+            if (m_hover_idx != idx) {
+                m_hover_idx = idx;
+                m_content->Refresh();
+            }
+            evt.Skip();
+        });
+        row->Bind(wxEVT_LEAVE_WINDOW, [this](wxMouseEvent& evt) {
+            if (m_hover_idx != -1) {
+                m_hover_idx = -1;
+                m_content->Refresh();
+            }
+            evt.Skip();
+        });
+        row->Bind(wxEVT_LEFT_DOWN, [this, idx](wxMouseEvent&) {
+            if (m_on_select) m_on_select(idx);
+            m_closing_from_action = true;
+            Dismiss();
+        });
+
+        return row;
+    }
+
+    wxScrolledWindow*                         m_content = nullptr;
+    std::vector<TextureFilamentEntry>          m_entries;
+    std::vector<std::array<float, 4>>          m_colors_rgba;
+    std::vector<std::string>                   m_names;
+    size_t                                     m_existing_count = 0;
+    wxWindow*                                  m_dialog_anchor = nullptr;
+    std::function<void(int)>                   m_on_select;
+    std::function<void(wxColour)>              m_on_add_filament;
+    std::function<void()>                      m_on_decompose_color;
+    std::function<bool()>                      m_can_add_filament;
+    std::function<void(bool)>                  m_on_close;
+    int                                        m_hover_idx = -1;
+    bool                                       m_closing_from_action = false;
+    bool                                       m_destroy_scheduled = false;
+};
+
+// ============================================================
+// AutoMixSelectPopup
+// ============================================================
+
+class AutoMixSelectPopup : public PopupWindow
+{
+public:
+    AutoMixSelectPopup(wxWindow* parent,
+                       TextureAutoMixMode current_mode,
+                       int popup_width,
+                       int font_point_size,
+                       std::function<void(TextureAutoMixMode)> on_select,
+                       std::function<void()> on_close)
+        : PopupWindow(parent, wxBORDER_NONE | wxPU_CONTAINS_CONTROLS)
+        , m_current_mode(current_mode)
+        , m_font_point_size(font_point_size)
+        , m_on_select(std::move(on_select))
+        , m_on_close(std::move(on_close))
+    {
+        wxColour pop_bg = dark_or(*wxWHITE, wxColour(0x2D, 0x2D, 0x31));
+        SetBackgroundColour(pop_bg);
+
+        auto* content = new wxPanel(this, wxID_ANY);
+        content->SetBackgroundColour(pop_bg);
+        content->SetBackgroundStyle(wxBG_STYLE_PAINT);
+
+        auto* sizer = new wxBoxSizer(wxVERTICAL);
+        const int row_h = FromDIP(36);
+        const int pop_w = std::max(FromDIP(216), popup_width);
+        sizer->Add(create_item_row(content, TextureAutoMixMode::CMYW, row_h), 0, wxEXPAND);
+        sizer->Add(create_item_row(content, TextureAutoMixMode::RYBW, row_h), 0, wxEXPAND);
+        content->SetSizer(sizer);
+        content->SetMinSize(wxSize(pop_w, row_h * 2));
+
+        auto* top_sizer = new wxBoxSizer(wxVERTICAL);
+        top_sizer->Add(content, 0, wxEXPAND | wxALL, FromDIP(4));
+        SetSizerAndFit(top_sizer);
+        SetSize(pop_w, top_sizer->GetMinSize().y);
+    }
+
+private:
+    void OnDismiss() override
+    {
+        if (m_on_close)
+            m_on_close();
+        wxPopupTransientWindow::OnDismiss();
+        CallAfter([this]() { Destroy(); });
+    }
+
+    wxPanel* create_item_row(wxWindow* parent, TextureAutoMixMode mode, int row_h)
+    {
+        wxColour row_bg   = dark_or(*wxWHITE, wxColour(0x2D, 0x2D, 0x31));
+        wxColour hover_bg = dark_or(wxColour(245, 245, 245), wxColour(0x3C, 0x3C, 0x42));
+        wxColour text_fg  = texture_import_text_colour();
+        wxColour green    = wxColour(0, 174, 66);
+
+        wxPanel* row = new wxPanel(parent, wxID_ANY, wxDefaultPosition, wxSize(-1, row_h),
+                                   wxTAB_TRAVERSAL | wxFULL_REPAINT_ON_RESIZE);
+        row->SetBackgroundColour(row_bg);
+        row->SetBackgroundStyle(wxBG_STYLE_PAINT);
+        row->SetCursor(wxCursor(wxCURSOR_HAND));
+
+        const int row_idx = mode == TextureAutoMixMode::CMYW ? 0 : 1;
+        row->Bind(wxEVT_PAINT, [this, row_bg, hover_bg, text_fg, green, mode, row_idx](wxPaintEvent& e) {
+            auto* p = static_cast<wxPanel*>(e.GetEventObject());
+            wxAutoBufferedPaintDC dc(p);
+            wxSize sz = p->GetClientSize();
+            const bool hovered = (m_hover_idx == row_idx);
+            const bool selected = (m_current_mode == mode);
+
+            dc.SetBrush(wxBrush(hovered ? hover_bg : row_bg));
+            dc.SetPen(*wxTRANSPARENT_PEN);
+            dc.DrawRectangle(0, 0, sz.x, sz.y);
+
+            wxFont font = p->GetFont();
+            font.SetPointSize(m_font_point_size);
+            dc.SetFont(font);
+            dc.SetTextForeground(text_fg);
+            wxString label = auto_mix_mode_label(mode);
+            wxSize tsz = dc.GetTextExtent(label);
+            dc.DrawText(label, p->FromDIP(12), (sz.y - tsz.y) / 2);
+
+            if (selected) {
+                wxFont check_font = p->GetFont();
+                check_font.SetPointSize(12);
+                check_font.MakeBold();
+                dc.SetFont(check_font);
+                dc.SetTextForeground(green);
+                wxString check = wxString::FromUTF8("✓");
+                wxSize csz = dc.GetTextExtent(check);
+                dc.DrawText(check, sz.x - p->FromDIP(16) - csz.x, (sz.y - csz.y) / 2);
+            }
+        });
+
+        row->Bind(wxEVT_MOTION, [this, row, row_idx](wxMouseEvent& evt) {
+            if (m_hover_idx != row_idx) {
+                m_hover_idx = row_idx;
+                row->Refresh();
+            }
+            evt.Skip();
+        });
+        row->Bind(wxEVT_LEAVE_WINDOW, [this, row](wxMouseEvent& evt) {
+            m_hover_idx = -1;
+            row->Refresh();
+            evt.Skip();
+        });
+        row->Bind(wxEVT_LEFT_DOWN, [this, mode](wxMouseEvent&) {
+            if (m_on_select)
+                m_on_select(mode);
+            Dismiss();
+        });
+
+        return row;
+    }
+
+    TextureAutoMixMode m_current_mode;
+    int m_font_point_size = 10;
+    int m_hover_idx = -1;
+    std::function<void(TextureAutoMixMode)> m_on_select;
+    std::function<void()> m_on_close;
+};
+
+// ============================================================
+// TexturePreviewCanvas
+// ============================================================
+
+TexturePreviewCanvas::TexturePreviewCanvas(wxWindow* parent, const wxGLAttributes& attrs)
+    : wxGLCanvas(parent, attrs, wxID_ANY, wxDefaultPosition, wxDefaultSize, wxFULL_REPAINT_ON_RESIZE)
+{
+    m_context = new wxGLContext(this);
+
+    Bind(wxEVT_PAINT, &TexturePreviewCanvas::on_paint, this);
+    Bind(wxEVT_SIZE,  &TexturePreviewCanvas::on_size,  this);
+    Bind(wxEVT_MOUSEWHEEL,  &TexturePreviewCanvas::on_mouse, this);
+    Bind(wxEVT_LEFT_DOWN,   &TexturePreviewCanvas::on_mouse, this);
+    Bind(wxEVT_LEFT_UP,     &TexturePreviewCanvas::on_mouse, this);
+    Bind(wxEVT_RIGHT_DOWN,  &TexturePreviewCanvas::on_mouse, this);
+    Bind(wxEVT_RIGHT_UP,    &TexturePreviewCanvas::on_mouse, this);
+    Bind(wxEVT_MIDDLE_DOWN, &TexturePreviewCanvas::on_mouse, this);
+    Bind(wxEVT_MIDDLE_UP,   &TexturePreviewCanvas::on_mouse, this);
+    Bind(wxEVT_MOTION,      &TexturePreviewCanvas::on_mouse, this);
+    Bind(wxEVT_LEAVE_WINDOW, &TexturePreviewCanvas::on_mouse, this);
+}
+
+TexturePreviewCanvas::~TexturePreviewCanvas()
+{
+    if (m_context) {
+        SetCurrent(*m_context);
+        if (m_tex_id)
+            glDeleteTextures(1, &m_tex_id);
+        for (unsigned int id : m_gl_tex_ids)
+            if (id) glDeleteTextures(1, &id);
+        for (unsigned int id : {m_reset_icon_tex, m_reset_icon_hover_tex,
+                                m_reset_icon_dark_tex, m_reset_icon_dark_hover_tex})
+            if (id) glDeleteTextures(1, &id);
+        delete m_context;
+    }
+}
+
+void TexturePreviewCanvas::set_mesh_data(
+    const std::vector<std::array<float, 3>>& vertices,
+    const std::vector<std::array<int, 3>>&   indices)
+{
+    m_vertices = vertices;
+    m_indices  = indices;
+    update_bounding_box();
+    compute_smooth_normals();
+    Refresh();
+}
+
+void TexturePreviewCanvas::compute_smooth_normals()
+{
+    m_vertex_normals.clear();
+    if (m_vertices.empty() || m_indices.empty()) return;
+
+    m_vertex_normals.resize(m_vertices.size(), {0.f, 0.f, 0.f});
+
+    for (const auto& face : m_indices) {
+        int i0 = face[0], i1 = face[1], i2 = face[2];
+        if (i0 < 0 || i0 >= (int)m_vertices.size() ||
+            i1 < 0 || i1 >= (int)m_vertices.size() ||
+            i2 < 0 || i2 >= (int)m_vertices.size())
+            continue;
+
+        const auto& v0 = m_vertices[i0];
+        const auto& v1 = m_vertices[i1];
+        const auto& v2 = m_vertices[i2];
+
+        float nx = (v1[1]-v0[1])*(v2[2]-v0[2]) - (v1[2]-v0[2])*(v2[1]-v0[1]);
+        float ny = (v1[2]-v0[2])*(v2[0]-v0[0]) - (v1[0]-v0[0])*(v2[2]-v0[2]);
+        float nz = (v1[0]-v0[0])*(v2[1]-v0[1]) - (v1[1]-v0[1])*(v2[0]-v0[0]);
+
+        m_vertex_normals[i0][0] += nx; m_vertex_normals[i0][1] += ny; m_vertex_normals[i0][2] += nz;
+        m_vertex_normals[i1][0] += nx; m_vertex_normals[i1][1] += ny; m_vertex_normals[i1][2] += nz;
+        m_vertex_normals[i2][0] += nx; m_vertex_normals[i2][1] += ny; m_vertex_normals[i2][2] += nz;
+    }
+
+    for (auto& n : m_vertex_normals) {
+        float len = std::sqrt(n[0]*n[0] + n[1]*n[1] + n[2]*n[2]);
+        if (len > 1e-8f) { n[0] /= len; n[1] /= len; n[2] /= len; }
+    }
+}
+
+void TexturePreviewCanvas::set_texture_data(
+    const std::vector<std::array<float, 2>>& uvs,
+    const unsigned char* tex_data, int tex_w, int tex_h, int tex_channels)
+{
+    m_uvs = uvs;
+    m_tex_w = tex_w;
+    m_tex_h = tex_h;
+    m_tex_channels = tex_channels;
+    m_tex_dirty = true;
+
+    size_t sz = (size_t)tex_w * tex_h * tex_channels;
+    m_tex_data.assign(tex_data, tex_data + sz);
+    Refresh();
+}
+
+void TexturePreviewCanvas::set_texture_render_data(
+    const std::vector<std::vector<unsigned char>>& tex_pixels_rgb,
+    const std::vector<int>& tex_widths,
+    const std::vector<int>& tex_heights,
+    const std::vector<std::array<std::array<float,2>, 3>>& face_uvs,
+    const std::vector<int>& face_tex_ids)
+{
+    m_tex_pixels_rgb = tex_pixels_rgb;
+    m_tex_widths     = tex_widths;
+    m_tex_heights    = tex_heights;
+    m_face_uvs       = face_uvs;
+    m_face_tex_ids   = face_tex_ids;
+    m_multi_tex_dirty = true;
+    Refresh();
+}
+
+void TexturePreviewCanvas::upload_textures()
+{
+    if (!m_multi_tex_dirty) return;
+    m_multi_tex_dirty = false;
+
+    for (unsigned int id : m_gl_tex_ids)
+        if (id) glDeleteTextures(1, &id);
+    m_gl_tex_ids.clear();
+
+    m_gl_tex_ids.resize(m_tex_pixels_rgb.size(), 0);
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < m_tex_pixels_rgb.size(); ++i) {
+        if (m_tex_pixels_rgb[i].empty() || m_tex_widths[i] <= 0 || m_tex_heights[i] <= 0)
+            continue;
+        GLuint tex_id = 0;
+        glGenTextures(1, &tex_id);
+        glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, tex_id);
+        glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S, GL_REPEAT);
+        glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T, GL_REPEAT);
+        glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_LINEAR);
+        glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_LINEAR);
+        glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GL_RGB, m_tex_widths[i], m_tex_heights[i],
+                     0, GL_RGB, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, m_tex_pixels_rgb[i].data());
+        m_gl_tex_ids[i] = tex_id;
+    }
+    glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0);
+}
+
+void TexturePreviewCanvas::set_painted_mesh_data(
+    const std::vector<std::array<float, 3>>& vertices,
+    const std::vector<std::array<int, 3>>&   indices)
+{
+    m_painted_vertices = vertices;
+    m_painted_indices  = indices;
+    Refresh();
+}
+
+static void convert_face_colors(const std::vector<std::array<std::size_t, 3>>& src,
+                                std::vector<std::array<float, 3>>& dst)
+{
+    dst.resize(src.size());
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < src.size(); ++i)
+        dst[i] = { src[i][0] / 255.f, src[i][1] / 255.f, src[i][2] / 255.f };
+}
+
+void TexturePreviewCanvas::set_face_colors(const std::vector<std::array<std::size_t, 3>>& face_colors)
+{
+    convert_face_colors(face_colors, m_face_colors_rgb);
+    Refresh();
+}
+
+void TexturePreviewCanvas::set_original_face_colors(const std::vector<std::array<std::size_t, 3>>& face_colors)
+{
+    convert_face_colors(face_colors, m_original_face_colors_rgb);
+    Refresh();
+}
+
+void TexturePreviewCanvas::set_filament_color_map(
+    const std::map<std::array<std::size_t, 3>, std::array<float, 3>>& color_map)
+{
+    m_color_map = color_map;
+    m_filament_colors_rgb.resize(m_face_colors_rgb.size());
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < m_face_colors_rgb.size(); ++i) {
+        std::array<std::size_t, 3> key = {
+            (std::size_t)(m_face_colors_rgb[i][0] * 255.f + 0.5f),
+            (std::size_t)(m_face_colors_rgb[i][1] * 255.f + 0.5f),
+            (std::size_t)(m_face_colors_rgb[i][2] * 255.f + 0.5f)
+        };
+        auto it = color_map.find(key);
+        if (it != color_map.end())
+            m_filament_colors_rgb[i] = it->second;
+        else
+            m_filament_colors_rgb[i] = m_face_colors_rgb[i];
+    }
+    Refresh();
+}
+
+void TexturePreviewCanvas::set_render_mode(RenderMode mode)
+{
+    if (m_mode != mode) {
+        m_mode = mode;
+        Refresh();
+    }
+}
+
+void TexturePreviewCanvas::set_computing_overlay(bool /*show*/)
+{
+    Refresh();
+}
+
+void TexturePreviewCanvas::reset_view()
+{
+    m_zoom  = 1.0f;
+    m_rot_x = -30.0f;
+    m_rot_y = 30.0f;
+    m_pan_x = 0.0f;
+    m_pan_y = 0.0f;
+    Refresh();
+}
+
+wxRect TexturePreviewCanvas::reset_overlay_rect() const
+{
+    wxSize sz = GetClientSize();
+    const int button_size = FromDIP(40);
+    const int margin = FromDIP(20);
+    return wxRect(
+        std::max(margin, sz.x - button_size - margin),
+        std::max(margin, sz.y - button_size - margin),
+        button_size,
+        button_size);
+}
+
+unsigned int TexturePreviewCanvas::upload_reset_icon_texture(const std::string& icon_name)
+{
+    wxBitmap bmp = create_scaled_bitmap(icon_name, this, 40);
+    if (!bmp.IsOk())
+        return 0;
+
+    wxImage image = bmp.ConvertToImage();
+    if (!image.IsOk())
+        return 0;
+
+    const int w = image.GetWidth();
+    const int h = image.GetHeight();
+    const unsigned char* rgb = image.GetData();
+    const unsigned char* alpha = image.HasAlpha() ? image.GetAlpha() : nullptr;
+    if (!rgb || w <= 0 || h <= 0)
+        return 0;
+
+    std::vector<unsigned char> rgba((size_t)w * h * 4);
+    for (int i = 0; i < w * h; ++i) {
+        rgba[(size_t)i * 4 + 0] = rgb[i * 3 + 0];
+        rgba[(size_t)i * 4 + 1] = rgb[i * 3 + 1];
+        rgba[(size_t)i * 4 + 2] = rgb[i * 3 + 2];
+        rgba[(size_t)i * 4 + 3] = alpha ? alpha[i] : 255;
+    }
+
+    GLuint tex_id = 0;
+    glGenTextures(1, &tex_id);
+    glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, tex_id);
+    glPixelStorei(GL_UNPACK_ALIGNMENT, 1);
+    glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S, GL_CLAMP_TO_EDGE);
+    glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T, GL_CLAMP_TO_EDGE);
+    glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_LINEAR);
+    glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_LINEAR);
+    glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GL_RGBA, w, h, 0, GL_RGBA, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, rgba.data());
+    glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0);
+    return tex_id;
+}
+
+void TexturePreviewCanvas::upload_reset_icon_textures()
+{
+    if (m_reset_icon_tex && m_reset_icon_hover_tex && m_reset_icon_dark_tex && m_reset_icon_dark_hover_tex)
+        return;
+
+    if (!m_reset_icon_tex)
+        m_reset_icon_tex = upload_reset_icon_texture("fit_camera");
+    if (!m_reset_icon_hover_tex)
+        m_reset_icon_hover_tex = upload_reset_icon_texture("fit_camera_hover");
+    if (!m_reset_icon_dark_tex)
+        m_reset_icon_dark_tex = upload_reset_icon_texture("fit_camera_dark");
+    if (!m_reset_icon_dark_hover_tex)
+        m_reset_icon_dark_hover_tex = upload_reset_icon_texture("fit_camera_dark_hover");
+}
+
+bool TexturePreviewCanvas::handle_reset_overlay_mouse(wxMouseEvent& evt)
+{
+    if (evt.Leaving()) {
+        if (m_reset_overlay_pressed) {
+            m_reset_overlay_hovered = false;
+            m_reset_overlay_pressed = false;
+            SetCursor(wxCursor(wxCURSOR_ARROW));
+            if (HasCapture())
+                ReleaseMouse();
+            Refresh();
+            return true;
+        }
+        if (m_reset_overlay_hovered) {
+            m_reset_overlay_hovered = false;
+            SetCursor(wxCursor(wxCURSOR_ARROW));
+            Refresh();
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    const bool over = reset_overlay_rect().Contains(evt.GetPosition());
+    if (over != m_reset_overlay_hovered) {
+        m_reset_overlay_hovered = over;
+        SetCursor(wxCursor(over ? wxCURSOR_HAND : wxCURSOR_ARROW));
+        Refresh();
+    }
+
+    if (m_drag_mode != DragMode::None && !m_reset_overlay_pressed)
+        return false;
+
+    if (evt.LeftDown() && over) {
+        m_reset_overlay_pressed = true;
+        if (!HasCapture())
+            CaptureMouse();
+        Refresh();
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    if (evt.LeftUp() && m_reset_overlay_pressed) {
+        const bool activate = over;
+        m_reset_overlay_pressed = false;
+        if (HasCapture())
+            ReleaseMouse();
+        if (activate)
+            reset_view();
+        else
+            Refresh();
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    return over;
+}
+
+void TexturePreviewCanvas::update_bounding_box()
+{
+    if (m_vertices.empty()) return;
+    std::array<float, 3> mn = m_vertices[0], mx = m_vertices[0];
+    for (const auto& v : m_vertices) {
+        for (int i = 0; i < 3; ++i) {
+            mn[i] = std::min(mn[i], v[i]);
+            mx[i] = std::max(mx[i], v[i]);
+        }
+    }
+    m_center = { (mn[0]+mx[0])/2, (mn[1]+mx[1])/2, (mn[2]+mx[2])/2 };
+    float dx = mx[0]-mn[0], dy = mx[1]-mn[1], dz = mx[2]-mn[2];
+    m_radius = std::sqrt(dx*dx + dy*dy + dz*dz) / 2.0f;
+    if (m_radius < 1e-6f) m_radius = 1.0f;
+}
+
+void TexturePreviewCanvas::ensure_gl_ready()
+{
+    if (m_gl_initialized) return;
+
+    // BBS loads GL entry points here with GLEW. Orca uses glad and centralises loading in
+    // OpenGLManager, which has already run by the time any canvas is realized, so just
+    // verify the loader is up and drain any stale error state.
+    // glad leaves unresolved entry points as null pointers, so this is a cheap guard against
+    // painting before OpenGLManager::init_gl() has run.
+    if (glGetString == nullptr) {
+        BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(error) << "TexturePreviewCanvas: OpenGL functions are not loaded yet";
+        return;
+    }
+    while (glGetError() != GL_NO_ERROR) {}
+
+    m_gl_initialized = true;
+
+    glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);
+    glEnable(GL_LIGHTING);
+    glEnable(GL_LIGHT0);
+    glEnable(GL_COLOR_MATERIAL);
+    glColorMaterial(GL_FRONT_AND_BACK, GL_AMBIENT_AND_DIFFUSE);
+
+    GLfloat light_pos[]     = { 0.5f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f };
+    GLfloat light_ambient[] = { 0.3f, 0.3f, 0.3f, 1.0f };
+    GLfloat light_diffuse[] = { 0.8f, 0.8f, 0.8f, 1.0f };
+    glLightfv(GL_LIGHT0, GL_POSITION, light_pos);
+    glLightfv(GL_LIGHT0, GL_AMBIENT,  light_ambient);
+    glLightfv(GL_LIGHT0, GL_DIFFUSE,  light_diffuse);
+}
+
+void TexturePreviewCanvas::on_paint(wxPaintEvent&)
+{
+    wxPaintDC dc(this);
+    if (!m_context) return;
+    SetCurrent(*m_context);
+    ensure_gl_ready();
+    render();
+    SwapBuffers();
+}
+
+void TexturePreviewCanvas::on_size(wxSizeEvent&)
+{
+    Refresh();
+}
+
+void TexturePreviewCanvas::on_mouse(wxMouseEvent& evt)
+{
+    if (handle_reset_overlay_mouse(evt))
+        return;
+
+    if (evt.LeftDown()) {
+        m_drag_mode = DragMode::Rotate;
+        m_last_mouse_pos = evt.GetPosition();
+        if (!HasCapture()) CaptureMouse();
+    }
+    else if (evt.LeftUp()) {
+        if (m_drag_mode == DragMode::Rotate) {
+            m_drag_mode = DragMode::None;
+            if (HasCapture()) ReleaseMouse();
+        }
+    }
+    else if (evt.RightDown()) {
+        m_drag_mode = DragMode::Pan;
+        m_last_mouse_pos = evt.GetPosition();
+        if (!HasCapture()) CaptureMouse();
+    }
+    else if (evt.MiddleDown()) {
+        m_drag_mode = DragMode::Pan;
+        m_last_mouse_pos = evt.GetPosition();
+        if (!HasCapture()) CaptureMouse();
+    }
+    else if (evt.RightUp() || evt.MiddleUp()) {
+        if (m_drag_mode == DragMode::Pan) {
+            m_drag_mode = DragMode::None;
+            if (HasCapture()) ReleaseMouse();
+        }
+    }
+    else if (evt.Dragging() && m_drag_mode != DragMode::None) {
+        wxPoint pos = evt.GetPosition();
+        float dx = (float)(pos.x - m_last_mouse_pos.x);
+        float dy = (float)(pos.y - m_last_mouse_pos.y);
+
+        if (m_drag_mode == DragMode::Rotate) {
+            m_rot_y += dx * 0.5f;
+            m_rot_x += dy * 0.5f;
+            m_rot_x = std::max(-89.0f, std::min(89.0f, m_rot_x));
+        } else if (m_drag_mode == DragMode::Pan) {
+            wxSize sz = GetClientSize();
+            if (sz.x > 0)
+                m_pan_x += dx / (float)sz.x * m_radius * 2.0f / m_zoom;
+            if (sz.y > 0)
+                m_pan_y -= dy / (float)sz.y * m_radius * 2.0f / m_zoom;
+        }
+
+        m_last_mouse_pos = pos;
+        Refresh();
+    }
+    else if (evt.GetWheelRotation() != 0) {
+        float delta = evt.GetWheelRotation() > 0 ? 1.1f : 0.9f;
+        m_zoom *= delta;
+        m_zoom = std::max(0.1f, std::min(20.0f, m_zoom));
+        Refresh();
+    }
+}
+
+void TexturePreviewCanvas::render()
+{
+    wxSize sz = GetClientSize();
+    if (sz.x <= 0 || sz.y <= 0) return;
+
+    wxSize viewport_sz = gl_viewport_size(this, sz);
+    glViewport(0, 0, viewport_sz.x, viewport_sz.y);
+    if (is_dark())
+        glClearColor(0.24f, 0.24f, 0.27f, 1.0f);
+    else
+        glClearColor(0.933f, 0.933f, 0.933f, 1.0f);
+    glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);
+
+    glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION);
+    glLoadIdentity();
+    float aspect = (float)viewport_sz.x / (float)viewport_sz.y;
+    float dist = m_radius * 3.0f / m_zoom;
+    float near_plane = dist * 0.01f;
+    float far_plane  = dist * 10.0f;
+    float fov_rad    = 45.0f * static_cast<float>(M_PI) / 180.0f;
+    float f          = 1.0f / std::tan(fov_rad / 2.0f);
+    float proj[16]   = {};
+    proj[0]  = f / aspect;
+    proj[5]  = f;
+    proj[10] = (far_plane + near_plane) / (near_plane - far_plane);
+    proj[11] = -1.0f;
+    proj[14] = (2.0f * far_plane * near_plane) / (near_plane - far_plane);
+    glMultMatrixf(proj);
+
+    glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW);
+    glLoadIdentity();
+    glTranslatef(0.0f, 0.0f, -dist);
+    glTranslatef(m_pan_x, m_pan_y, 0.0f);
+    glRotatef(m_rot_x, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f);
+    glRotatef(m_rot_y, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f);
+    glTranslatef(-m_center[0], -m_center[1], -m_center[2]);
+
+    render_mesh();
+    render_reset_overlay(sz, viewport_sz);
+}
+
+void TexturePreviewCanvas::render_reset_overlay(const wxSize& logical_size, const wxSize& viewport_size)
+{
+    if (logical_size.x <= 0 || logical_size.y <= 0 || viewport_size.x <= 0 || viewport_size.y <= 0)
+        return;
+
+    upload_reset_icon_textures();
+
+    const unsigned int tex_id = is_dark()
+        ? (m_reset_overlay_hovered ? m_reset_icon_dark_hover_tex : m_reset_icon_dark_tex)
+        : (m_reset_overlay_hovered ? m_reset_icon_hover_tex : m_reset_icon_tex);
+    if (!tex_id)
+        return;
+
+    wxRect rc = reset_overlay_rect();
+    const float sx = (float)viewport_size.x / (float)logical_size.x;
+    const float sy = (float)viewport_size.y / (float)logical_size.y;
+    const float x0 = rc.GetLeft() * sx;
+    const float y0 = rc.GetTop() * sy;
+    const float x1 = (rc.GetLeft() + rc.GetWidth()) * sx;
+    const float y1 = (rc.GetTop() + rc.GetHeight()) * sy;
+    const float alpha = m_reset_overlay_hovered ? 1.0f : 0.78f;
+
+    glPushAttrib(GL_ENABLE_BIT | GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_TEXTURE_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);
+    glDisable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);
+    glDisable(GL_LIGHTING);
+    glEnable(GL_BLEND);
+    glBlendFunc(GL_SRC_ALPHA, GL_ONE_MINUS_SRC_ALPHA);
+    glEnable(GL_TEXTURE_2D);
+    glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, tex_id);
+    glTexEnvi(GL_TEXTURE_ENV, GL_TEXTURE_ENV_MODE, GL_MODULATE);
+
+    glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION);
+    glPushMatrix();
+    glLoadIdentity();
+    glOrtho(0.0, viewport_size.x, viewport_size.y, 0.0, -1.0, 1.0);
+
+    glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW);
+    glPushMatrix();
+    glLoadIdentity();
+
+    glColor4f(1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, alpha);
+    glBegin(GL_QUADS);
+        glTexCoord2f(0.0f, 0.0f); glVertex2f(x0, y0);
+        glTexCoord2f(1.0f, 0.0f); glVertex2f(x1, y0);
+        glTexCoord2f(1.0f, 1.0f); glVertex2f(x1, y1);
+        glTexCoord2f(0.0f, 1.0f); glVertex2f(x0, y1);
+    glEnd();
+
+    glPopMatrix();
+    glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION);
+    glPopMatrix();
+    glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW);
+
+    glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0);
+    glPopAttrib();
+}
+
+void TexturePreviewCanvas::render_textured_original()
+{
+    if (m_vertices.empty() || m_indices.empty()) return;
+    if (m_face_uvs.empty() || m_face_tex_ids.empty()) return;
+    if (m_face_uvs.size() != m_indices.size()) return;
+
+    upload_textures();
+
+    const bool has_smooth = (m_vertex_normals.size() == m_vertices.size());
+
+    // Group faces by texture id for batch rendering
+    std::map<int, std::vector<size_t>> tex_groups;
+    for (size_t fi = 0; fi < m_indices.size(); ++fi) {
+        int tid = (fi < m_face_tex_ids.size()) ? m_face_tex_ids[fi] : -1;
+        tex_groups[tid].push_back(fi);
+    }
+
+    glEnable(GL_LIGHTING);
+    glColor3f(1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f);
+
+    for (const auto& [tid, face_list] : tex_groups) {
+        bool tex_bound = false;
+        if (tid >= 0 && tid < (int)m_gl_tex_ids.size() && m_gl_tex_ids[tid] != 0) {
+            glEnable(GL_TEXTURE_2D);
+            glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, m_gl_tex_ids[tid]);
+            tex_bound = true;
+        } else {
+            glDisable(GL_TEXTURE_2D);
+        }
+
+        glBegin(GL_TRIANGLES);
+        for (size_t fi : face_list) {
+            const auto& face = m_indices[fi];
+            const auto& uvs  = m_face_uvs[fi];
+
+            if (!tex_bound) {
+                if (fi < m_original_face_colors_rgb.size())
+                    glColor3fv(m_original_face_colors_rgb[fi].data());
+                else
+                    glColor3f(0.7f, 0.7f, 0.7f);
+            }
+
+            for (int vi = 0; vi < 3; ++vi) {
+                int idx = face[vi];
+                if (idx < 0 || idx >= (int)m_vertices.size()) continue;
+
+                if (has_smooth) {
+                    glNormal3fv(m_vertex_normals[idx].data());
+                } else if (vi == 0) {
+                    const auto& v0 = m_vertices[face[0]];
+                    const auto& v1 = m_vertices[face[1]];
+                    const auto& v2 = m_vertices[face[2]];
+                    float nx = (v1[1]-v0[1])*(v2[2]-v0[2]) - (v1[2]-v0[2])*(v2[1]-v0[1]);
+                    float ny = (v1[2]-v0[2])*(v2[0]-v0[0]) - (v1[0]-v0[0])*(v2[2]-v0[2]);
+                    float nz = (v1[0]-v0[0])*(v2[1]-v0[1]) - (v1[1]-v0[1])*(v2[0]-v0[0]);
+                    float len = std::sqrt(nx*nx + ny*ny + nz*nz);
+                    if (len > 1e-8f) { nx /= len; ny /= len; nz /= len; }
+                    glNormal3f(nx, ny, nz);
+                }
+
+                if (tex_bound)
+                    glTexCoord2fv(uvs[vi].data());
+                glVertex3fv(m_vertices[idx].data());
+            }
+        }
+        glEnd();
+    }
+
+    glDisable(GL_TEXTURE_2D);
+    glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0);
+}
+
+void TexturePreviewCanvas::render_mesh()
+{
+    if (m_vertices.empty() || m_indices.empty()) return;
+
+    // Original mode with texture data: use proper texture mapping
+    if (m_mode == RenderMode::Original && !m_face_uvs.empty()) {
+        render_textured_original();
+        return;
+    }
+
+    // For Multi-Color / FilamentMap, use the painted (remeshed) geometry if available;
+    // the face color arrays match the painted mesh, not the original mesh.
+    const bool use_painted = (m_mode != RenderMode::Original)
+                             && !m_painted_vertices.empty()
+                             && !m_painted_indices.empty();
+
+    const auto& verts   = use_painted ? m_painted_vertices : m_vertices;
+    const auto& faces   = use_painted ? m_painted_indices  : m_indices;
+
+    const std::vector<std::array<float, 3>>* colors_ptr = nullptr;
+    if (m_mode == RenderMode::Original && !m_original_face_colors_rgb.empty()
+        && m_original_face_colors_rgb.size() == m_indices.size()) {
+        colors_ptr = &m_original_face_colors_rgb;
+    } else if (m_mode == RenderMode::FilamentMap && !m_filament_colors_rgb.empty()
+               && m_filament_colors_rgb.size() == faces.size()) {
+        colors_ptr = &m_filament_colors_rgb;
+    } else if (!m_face_colors_rgb.empty() && m_face_colors_rgb.size() == faces.size()) {
+        colors_ptr = &m_face_colors_rgb;
+    }
+
+    // Use smooth normals for the original mesh when available
+    const bool has_smooth = !use_painted
+                            && (m_vertex_normals.size() == m_vertices.size());
+
+    glDisable(GL_TEXTURE_2D);
+    glEnable(GL_LIGHTING);
+
+    glBegin(GL_TRIANGLES);
+    for (size_t fi = 0; fi < faces.size(); ++fi) {
+        if (colors_ptr)
+            glColor3fv((*colors_ptr)[fi].data());
+        else
+            glColor3f(0.7f, 0.7f, 0.7f);
+
+        const auto& face = faces[fi];
+        for (int vi = 0; vi < 3; ++vi) {
+            int idx = face[vi];
+            if (idx < 0 || idx >= (int)verts.size()) continue;
+
+            if (has_smooth && idx < (int)m_vertex_normals.size()) {
+                glNormal3fv(m_vertex_normals[idx].data());
+            } else if (vi == 0) {
+                const auto& v0 = verts[face[0]];
+                const auto& v1 = verts[face[1]];
+                const auto& v2 = verts[face[2]];
+                float nx = (v1[1]-v0[1])*(v2[2]-v0[2]) - (v1[2]-v0[2])*(v2[1]-v0[1]);
+                float ny = (v1[2]-v0[2])*(v2[0]-v0[0]) - (v1[0]-v0[0])*(v2[2]-v0[2]);
+                float nz = (v1[0]-v0[0])*(v2[1]-v0[1]) - (v1[1]-v0[1])*(v2[0]-v0[0]);
+                float len = std::sqrt(nx*nx + ny*ny + nz*nz);
+                if (len > 1e-8f) { nx /= len; ny /= len; nz /= len; }
+                glNormal3f(nx, ny, nz);
+            }
+
+            glVertex3fv(verts[idx].data());
+        }
+    }
+    glEnd();
+}
+
+
+// ============================================================
+// TextureImportDialog
+// ============================================================
+
+wxBEGIN_EVENT_TABLE(TextureImportDialog, DPIDialog)
+    EVT_BUTTON(TextureImportDialog::ID_COLOR_4,    TextureImportDialog::on_color_preset_clicked)
+    EVT_BUTTON(TextureImportDialog::ID_COLOR_8,    TextureImportDialog::on_color_preset_clicked)
+    EVT_BUTTON(TextureImportDialog::ID_COLOR_16,   TextureImportDialog::on_color_preset_clicked)
+    EVT_BUTTON(TextureImportDialog::ID_COLOR_AUTO,  TextureImportDialog::on_color_preset_clicked)
+    EVT_BUTTON(TextureImportDialog::ID_BTN_APPLY,   TextureImportDialog::on_apply_clicked)
+    EVT_BUTTON(TextureImportDialog::ID_BTN_SKIP,    TextureImportDialog::on_skip_clicked)
+    EVT_BUTTON(wxID_OK,                              TextureImportDialog::on_ok_clicked)
+wxEND_EVENT_TABLE()
+
+TextureImportDialog::TextureImportDialog(
+    wxWindow*                        parent,
+    const Slic3r::TexturedMesh&      textured_mesh,
+    const std::vector<TextureFilamentEntry>& filament_entries,
+    std::function<bool()>            initial_cancel_callback,
+    std::function<bool(int)>         initial_progress_callback)
+    : DPIDialog(parent, wxID_ANY, _L("Import Model"),
+                wxDefaultPosition, wxDefaultSize,
+                (wxDEFAULT_DIALOG_STYLE | wxRESIZE_BORDER) & ~(wxMINIMIZE_BOX | wxMAXIMIZE_BOX))
+    , m_textured_mesh(textured_mesh)
+    , m_filament_entries(filament_entries)
+    , m_initial_cancel_callback(std::move(initial_cancel_callback))
+    , m_initial_progress_callback(std::move(initial_progress_callback))
+{
+    SetSize(wxSize(FromDIP(960), FromDIP(640)));
+
+    m_filament_colors_rgba.reserve(m_filament_entries.size());
+    m_filament_color_strs.reserve(m_filament_entries.size());
+    m_filament_names.reserve(m_filament_entries.size());
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < m_filament_entries.size(); ++i) {
+        auto& entry = m_filament_entries[i];
+        entry.dialog_index = (int)i;
+        entry.color_hex = texture_normalize_color_hex(entry.color_hex);
+        if (entry.name.empty())
+            entry.name = "Filament " + std::to_string(i + 1);
+        m_filament_color_strs.push_back(entry.color_hex);
+        m_filament_names.push_back(entry.name);
+        m_filament_colors_rgba.push_back(parse_color_string(entry.color_hex));
+    }
+
+    m_existing_filament_count = m_filament_colors_rgba.size();
+    m_default_virtual_filament_preset_name = resolve_default_virtual_filament_preset_name();
+
+    Bind(EVT_TEXTURE_COMPUTE_DONE,     &TextureImportDialog::on_computation_complete, this);
+    Bind(EVT_TEXTURE_COMPUTE_PROGRESS, &TextureImportDialog::on_computation_progress, this);
+    Bind(EVT_TEXTURE_COMPUTE_ERROR,    &TextureImportDialog::on_computation_error,    this);
+    Bind(EVT_TEXTURE_MESH_REPAIR_DECISION, &TextureImportDialog::on_mesh_repair_decision_required, this);
+
+    build_ui();
+    SetMinSize(wxSize(FromDIP(800), FromDIP(500)));
+    CenterOnParent();
+    wxGetApp().UpdateDlgDarkUI(this);
+
+    m_preview_canvas->set_mesh_data(m_textured_mesh.vertices, m_textured_mesh.indices);
+
+    // Prepare texture rendering data for the Original tab
+    if (!m_textured_mesh.textures.empty()) {
+        std::vector<std::vector<unsigned char>> tex_pixels_rgb;
+        std::vector<int> tex_widths, tex_heights;
+        tex_pixels_rgb.reserve(m_textured_mesh.textures.size());
+        tex_widths.reserve(m_textured_mesh.textures.size());
+        tex_heights.reserve(m_textured_mesh.textures.size());
+
+        for (const auto& ti : m_textured_mesh.textures) {
+            std::vector<unsigned char> bgr_pixels;
+            int w = 0, h = 0;
+            if (Slic3r::decode_texture_to_pixels(ti, bgr_pixels, w, h) && !bgr_pixels.empty()) {
+                // Convert BGR to RGB for OpenGL
+                for (size_t p = 0; p < bgr_pixels.size(); p += 3)
+                    std::swap(bgr_pixels[p], bgr_pixels[p + 2]);
+                tex_pixels_rgb.push_back(std::move(bgr_pixels));
+            } else {
+                tex_pixels_rgb.push_back({});
+            }
+            tex_widths.push_back(w);
+            tex_heights.push_back(h);
+        }
+
+        const size_t nf = m_textured_mesh.indices.size();
+        const bool has_mapping = !m_textured_mesh.material_texture_map.empty();
+
+        // Build per-face UV array
+        std::vector<std::array<std::array<float,2>, 3>> face_uvs(nf);
+        for (size_t fi = 0; fi < nf; ++fi) {
+            if (m_textured_mesh.has_face_uvs()) {
+                const auto& ui = m_textured_mesh.uv_indices[fi];
+                for (int vi = 0; vi < 3; ++vi) {
+                    int idx = ui[vi];
+                    if (idx >= 0 && static_cast<size_t>(idx) < m_textured_mesh.uv_coords.size())
+                        face_uvs[fi][vi] = m_textured_mesh.uv_coords[idx];
+                    else
+                        face_uvs[fi][vi] = {0.f, 0.f};
+                }
+            } else if (!m_textured_mesh.uvs.empty()) {
+                const auto& face = m_textured_mesh.indices[fi];
+                for (int vi = 0; vi < 3; ++vi) {
+                    int idx = face[vi];
+                    if (idx >= 0 && static_cast<size_t>(idx) < m_textured_mesh.uvs.size())
+                        face_uvs[fi][vi] = m_textured_mesh.uvs[idx];
+                    else
+                        face_uvs[fi][vi] = {0.f, 0.f};
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Build per-face texture index
+        std::vector<int> face_tex_ids(nf, 0);
+        for (size_t fi = 0; fi < nf; ++fi) {
+            int mat_idx = (fi < m_textured_mesh.material_ids.size())
+                          ? m_textured_mesh.material_ids[fi] : -1;
+            if (has_mapping && mat_idx >= 0
+                && static_cast<size_t>(mat_idx) < m_textured_mesh.material_texture_map.size())
+                face_tex_ids[fi] = m_textured_mesh.material_texture_map[mat_idx];
+            else if (!tex_pixels_rgb.empty())
+                face_tex_ids[fi] = 0;
+            else
+                face_tex_ids[fi] = -1;
+        }
+
+        m_preview_canvas->set_texture_render_data(
+            tex_pixels_rgb, tex_widths, tex_heights, face_uvs, face_tex_ids);
+
+        // Still sample per-face colors as fallback
+        std::vector<std::array<std::size_t, 3>> orig_colors;
+        if (Slic3r::sample_original_face_colors(m_textured_mesh, orig_colors))
+            m_preview_canvas->set_original_face_colors(orig_colors);
+    }
+
+    set_state(TextureImportState::Idle);
+}
+
+TextureImportDialog::~TextureImportDialog()
+{
+    dismiss_auto_mix_popup();
+    dismiss_filament_popup();
+    m_cancel_flag = true;
+    if (m_worker && m_worker->joinable())
+        m_worker->join();
+}
+
+int TextureImportDialog::ShowModal()
+{
+    if (m_state == TextureImportState::Idle && m_painted.face_colors.empty()) {
+        start_computation(true, true);
+
+        while (m_initial_computation_pending) {
+            if (auto* event_loop = wxEventLoopBase::GetActive())
+                event_loop->Yield();
+            else
+                wxYield();
+            if (m_progress_dlg && m_progress_dlg->WasCancelled())
+                m_cancel_flag = true;
+            if (m_initial_cancel_callback && m_initial_cancel_callback())
+                m_cancel_flag = true;
+            wxMilliSleep(10);
+        }
+
+        if (m_worker && m_worker->joinable())
+            m_worker->join();
+        m_worker.reset();
+
+        if (m_initial_computation_cancelled || m_initial_computation_failed)
+            return wxID_CANCEL;
+    }
+
+    ScopedInteractiveBusyCursorSuspender busy_cursor_suspender;
+    return DPIDialog::ShowModal();
+}
+
+void TextureImportDialog::build_ui()
+{
+    const wxColour dialog_bg = dark_or(*wxWHITE, wxColour(0x2D, 0x2D, 0x31));
+    SetBackgroundColour(dialog_bg);
+    SetForegroundColour(dark_or(wxColour(50, 58, 61), wxColour(0xEF, 0xEF, 0xF0)));
+
+    wxBoxSizer* root_sizer = new wxBoxSizer(wxVERTICAL);
+
+    auto line_top = new wxPanel(this, wxID_ANY, wxDefaultPosition, wxSize(-1, 1));
+    line_top->SetBackgroundColour(dark_or(wxColour(166, 169, 170), wxColour(80, 80, 86)));
+    root_sizer->Add(line_top, 0, wxEXPAND);
+
+    wxBoxSizer* main_sizer = new wxBoxSizer(wxHORIZONTAL);
+
+    wxBoxSizer* left_sizer = new wxBoxSizer(wxVERTICAL);
+    build_preview_panel(this, left_sizer);
+    main_sizer->Add(left_sizer, 3, wxEXPAND | wxALL, FromDIP(8));
+
+    wxBoxSizer* right_sizer = new wxBoxSizer(wxVERTICAL);
+    build_params_panel(this, right_sizer);
+    build_mapping_panel(this, right_sizer);
+    build_bottom_buttons(right_sizer);
+    main_sizer->Add(right_sizer, 2, wxEXPAND | wxALL, FromDIP(8));
+
+    root_sizer->Add(main_sizer, 1, wxEXPAND);
+
+    SetSizer(root_sizer);
+    Layout();
+    Bind(wxEVT_MOUSEWHEEL, &TextureImportDialog::dismiss_filament_popup_on_wheel, this);
+
+#ifdef __WXMSW__
+    wxPanel* size_grip_cover = new wxPanel(this, wxID_ANY, wxDefaultPosition, wxDefaultSize, wxBORDER_NONE);
+    size_grip_cover->SetBackgroundColour(dialog_bg);
+    size_grip_cover->SetBackgroundStyle(wxBG_STYLE_COLOUR);
+
+    auto update_size_grip_cover = [this, size_grip_cover]() {
+        const int cover_size = FromDIP(20);
+        wxSize client_size = GetClientSize();
+        size_grip_cover->SetSize(client_size.x - cover_size, client_size.y - cover_size, cover_size, cover_size);
+        size_grip_cover->Raise();
+    };
+    update_size_grip_cover();
+
+    Bind(wxEVT_SIZE, [update_size_grip_cover](wxSizeEvent& e) {
+        e.Skip();
+        update_size_grip_cover();
+    });
+#endif
+}
+
+void TextureImportDialog::build_preview_panel(wxWindow* parent, wxSizer* sizer)
+{
+    wxColour preview_bg = dark_or(wxColour(238, 238, 238), wxColour(0x3E, 0x3E, 0x45));
+    wxColour preview_bd = dark_or(wxColour(206, 206, 206), wxColour(0x54, 0x54, 0x5B));
+
+    wxPanel* preview_container = new wxPanel(parent, wxID_ANY, wxDefaultPosition, wxDefaultSize, wxBORDER_NONE);
+    preview_container->SetBackgroundColour(preview_bg);
+    preview_container->SetBackgroundStyle(wxBG_STYLE_PAINT);
+    preview_container->Bind(wxEVT_PAINT, [preview_bg, preview_bd](wxPaintEvent& e) {
+        auto* p = static_cast<wxPanel*>(e.GetEventObject());
+        wxAutoBufferedPaintDC dc(p);
+        wxSize sz = p->GetClientSize();
+        dc.SetBrush(wxBrush(p->GetParent()->GetBackgroundColour()));
+        dc.SetPen(*wxTRANSPARENT_PEN);
+        dc.DrawRectangle(0, 0, sz.x, sz.y);
+        dc.SetBrush(wxBrush(preview_bg));
+        dc.SetPen(wxPen(preview_bd, 1));
+        dc.DrawRoundedRectangle(0, 0, sz.x, sz.y, 4);
+    });
+
+    wxBoxSizer* container_sizer = new wxBoxSizer(wxVERTICAL);
+
+    wxGLAttributes canvas_attrs;
+    canvas_attrs.PlatformDefaults().RGBA().DoubleBuffer().Depth(24).EndList();
+    m_preview_canvas = new TexturePreviewCanvas(preview_container, canvas_attrs);
+    container_sizer->Add(m_preview_canvas, 1, wxEXPAND | wxALL, FromDIP(1));
+
+    preview_container->SetSizer(container_sizer);
+    sizer->Add(preview_container, 1, wxEXPAND);
+
+    m_tab_panel = new wxPanel(preview_container, wxID_ANY);
+    m_tab_panel->SetBackgroundColour(preview_bg);
+
+    m_btn_view_original   = new Button(m_tab_panel, _L("Original"));
+    m_btn_view_original->SetId(ID_VIEW_ORIGINAL);
+    m_btn_view_multicolor = new Button(m_tab_panel, _L("Multi-Color"));
+    m_btn_view_multicolor->SetId(ID_VIEW_MULTICOLOR);
+
+    const int view_button_height = FromDIP(27);
+    m_btn_view_original->SetCornerRadius(view_button_height / 2);
+    m_btn_view_original->SetMinSize(wxSize(FromDIP(57), view_button_height));
+    m_btn_view_original->SetFont(m_btn_view_original->GetFont().Bold());
+    m_btn_view_original->SetToolTip(_L("Your input texture model"));
+    m_btn_view_multicolor->SetCornerRadius(view_button_height / 2);
+    m_btn_view_multicolor->SetMinSize(wxSize(FromDIP(57), view_button_height));
+    m_btn_view_multicolor->SetFont(m_btn_view_multicolor->GetFont().Bold());
+    m_btn_view_multicolor->SetToolTip(_L("Processed multi-color model"));
+
+    wxBoxSizer* tab_sizer = new wxBoxSizer(wxHORIZONTAL);
+    tab_sizer->Add(m_btn_view_original,   0, wxRIGHT, FromDIP(2));
+    tab_sizer->Add(m_btn_view_multicolor, 0);
+    m_tab_panel->SetSizer(tab_sizer);
+    m_tab_panel->Fit();
+
+    m_btn_view_multicolor->Hide();
+
+    auto preview_original = [this](wxMouseEvent& e) {
+        if (m_preview_canvas) {
+            m_preview_canvas->set_render_mode(TexturePreviewCanvas::RenderMode::Original);
+            highlight_view_button(0);
+        }
+        e.Skip();
+    };
+    auto preview_multicolor = [this](wxMouseEvent& e) {
+        if (m_preview_canvas) {
+            m_preview_canvas->set_render_mode(TexturePreviewCanvas::RenderMode::MultiColor);
+            highlight_view_button(1);
+        }
+        e.Skip();
+    };
+    auto restore_filament_if_outside = [this](wxMouseEvent& e) {
+        if (m_preview_canvas && m_tab_panel) {
+            wxWindow* event_window = wxDynamicCast(e.GetEventObject(), wxWindow);
+            wxPoint screen_pos = event_window ? event_window->ClientToScreen(e.GetPosition()) : wxGetMousePosition();
+            wxPoint panel_pos = m_tab_panel->ScreenToClient(screen_pos);
+            if (!m_tab_panel->GetClientRect().Contains(panel_pos)) {
+                const bool mapping_ready = (m_state == TextureImportState::Ready);
+                m_preview_canvas->set_render_mode(mapping_ready ? TexturePreviewCanvas::RenderMode::FilamentMap :
+                                                            TexturePreviewCanvas::RenderMode::Original);
+                highlight_view_button(-1);
+            }
+        }
+        e.Skip();
+    };
+
+    m_btn_view_original->Bind(wxEVT_ENTER_WINDOW, preview_original);
+    m_btn_view_multicolor->Bind(wxEVT_ENTER_WINDOW, preview_multicolor);
+    m_btn_view_original->Bind(wxEVT_LEAVE_WINDOW, restore_filament_if_outside);
+    m_btn_view_multicolor->Bind(wxEVT_LEAVE_WINDOW, restore_filament_if_outside);
+    m_tab_panel->Bind(wxEVT_LEAVE_WINDOW, restore_filament_if_outside);
+
+    auto update_preview_overlay_buttons = [this]() {
+        if (m_tab_panel) {
+            m_tab_panel->Fit();
+            m_tab_panel->SetPosition(wxPoint(FromDIP(8), FromDIP(8)));
+            m_tab_panel->Raise();
+        }
+    };
+
+    preview_container->Bind(wxEVT_SIZE, [update_preview_overlay_buttons](wxSizeEvent& e) {
+        e.Skip();
+        update_preview_overlay_buttons();
+    });
+    update_preview_overlay_buttons();
+
+    highlight_view_button(-1);
+}
+
+void TextureImportDialog::build_params_panel(wxWindow* parent, wxSizer* sizer)
+{
+    wxColour label_fg = dark_or(wxColour(50, 58, 61), wxColour(0xEF, 0xEF, 0xF0));
+
+    wxBoxSizer* color_header_sizer = new wxBoxSizer(wxHORIZONTAL);
+    wxStaticText* lbl_colors = new wxStaticText(parent, wxID_ANY, _L("Color Count"));
+    lbl_colors->SetForegroundColour(label_fg);
+    lbl_colors->SetFont(lbl_colors->GetFont().Bold());
+    color_header_sizer->Add(lbl_colors, 0, wxALIGN_CENTER_VERTICAL | wxRIGHT, FromDIP(8));
+
+    m_btn_color_4    = new Button(parent, "4");
+    m_btn_color_4->SetId(ID_COLOR_4);
+    m_btn_color_8    = new Button(parent, "8");
+    m_btn_color_8->SetId(ID_COLOR_8);
+    m_btn_color_16   = new Button(parent, "16");
+    m_btn_color_16->SetId(ID_COLOR_16);
+    m_btn_color_auto = new Button(parent, _L("Auto"));
+    m_btn_color_auto->SetId(ID_COLOR_AUTO);
+
+    {
+        StateColor preset_bg(
+            std::pair<wxColour, int>(wxColour(27, 136, 68), StateColor::Pressed | StateColor::Checked),
+            std::pair<wxColour, int>(wxColour(61, 203, 115), StateColor::Hovered | StateColor::Checked),
+            std::pair<wxColour, int>(wxColour(0, 174, 66), StateColor::Checked),
+            std::pair<wxColour, int>(dark_or(wxColour(206, 206, 206), wxColour(0x54, 0x54, 0x5B)), StateColor::Pressed),
+            std::pair<wxColour, int>(dark_or(wxColour(238, 238, 238), wxColour(0x4C, 0x4C, 0x55)), StateColor::Hovered),
+            std::pair<wxColour, int>(dark_or(wxColour(255, 255, 255), wxColour(0x2D, 0x2D, 0x31)), StateColor::Normal));
+        StateColor preset_bd(
+            std::pair<wxColour, int>(wxColour(0, 174, 66), StateColor::Checked),
+            std::pair<wxColour, int>(dark_or(wxColour(206, 206, 206), wxColour(0x54, 0x54, 0x5B)), StateColor::Normal));
+        StateColor preset_text(
+            std::pair<wxColour, int>(wxColour(255, 255, 255), StateColor::Checked),
+            std::pair<wxColour, int>(dark_or(wxColour(50, 58, 61), wxColour(0xEF, 0xEF, 0xF0)), StateColor::Normal));
+
+        for (auto* btn : {m_btn_color_4, m_btn_color_8, m_btn_color_16}) {
+            btn->SetCornerRadius(FromDIP(12));
+            btn->SetMinSize(wxSize(FromDIP(28), FromDIP(28)));
+            btn->SetBackgroundColor(preset_bg);
+            btn->SetBorderColor(preset_bd);
+            btn->SetTextColor(preset_text);
+        }
+    }
+
+    update_color_count_preset_buttons();
+
+    color_header_sizer->Add(m_btn_color_4,  0, wxALIGN_CENTER_VERTICAL | wxRIGHT, FromDIP(2));
+    color_header_sizer->Add(m_btn_color_8,  0, wxALIGN_CENTER_VERTICAL | wxRIGHT, FromDIP(2));
+    color_header_sizer->Add(m_btn_color_16, 0, wxALIGN_CENTER_VERTICAL);
+    sizer->Add(color_header_sizer, 0, wxBOTTOM, FromDIP(4));
+
+    wxBoxSizer* color_slider_sizer = new wxBoxSizer(wxHORIZONTAL);
+    m_color_slider = new GreenSlider(parent, m_param_color_count, 1, (int)max_filament_count());
+    m_color_spin = new SpinInput(parent, wxString::Format("%d", m_param_color_count),
+                                 wxEmptyString, wxDefaultPosition,
+                                 wxSize(FromDIP(60), FromDIP(28)),
+                                 wxTE_PROCESS_ENTER, 1, (int)max_filament_count(), m_param_color_count);
+
+    m_color_slider->Bind(wxEVT_SLIDER, &TextureImportDialog::on_color_slider_changed, this);
+    m_color_spin->Bind(wxEVT_SPINCTRL, &TextureImportDialog::on_color_spin_changed, this);
+    m_color_spin->Bind(EVT_SPINCTRL_TEXT, &TextureImportDialog::on_color_spin_text_changed, this);
+
+    color_slider_sizer->Add(m_color_slider, 1, wxALIGN_CENTER_VERTICAL | wxRIGHT, FromDIP(4));
+    color_slider_sizer->Add(m_color_spin, 0, wxALIGN_CENTER_VERTICAL);
+    sizer->Add(color_slider_sizer, 0, wxEXPAND | wxBOTTOM, FromDIP(8));
+
+    wxStaticText* lbl_smooth = new wxStaticText(parent, wxID_ANY, _L("Smooth Level"));
+    lbl_smooth->SetForegroundColour(label_fg);
+    lbl_smooth->SetFont(lbl_smooth->GetFont().Bold());
+    sizer->Add(lbl_smooth, 0, wxBOTTOM, FromDIP(4));
+
+    wxBoxSizer* smooth_sizer = new wxBoxSizer(wxHORIZONTAL);
+    m_smooth_slider = new GreenSlider(parent, m_param_smooth, 0, 10);
+    m_smooth_spin = new SpinInput(parent, wxString::Format("%d", m_param_smooth),
+                                  wxEmptyString, wxDefaultPosition,
+                                  wxSize(FromDIP(60), FromDIP(28)),
+                                  wxTE_PROCESS_ENTER, 0, 10, m_param_smooth);
+
+    m_smooth_slider->Bind(wxEVT_SLIDER, &TextureImportDialog::on_smooth_slider_changed, this);
+    m_smooth_spin->Bind(wxEVT_SPINCTRL, &TextureImportDialog::on_smooth_spin_changed, this);
+    m_smooth_spin->Bind(EVT_SPINCTRL_TEXT, &TextureImportDialog::on_smooth_spin_text_changed, this);
+
+    smooth_sizer->Add(m_smooth_slider, 1, wxALIGN_CENTER_VERTICAL | wxRIGHT, FromDIP(4));
+    smooth_sizer->Add(m_smooth_spin, 0, wxALIGN_CENTER_VERTICAL);
+    sizer->Add(smooth_sizer, 0, wxEXPAND | wxBOTTOM, FromDIP(4));
+
+    m_btn_apply = new Button(parent, _L("Apply"));
+    m_btn_apply->SetId(ID_BTN_APPLY);
+
+    {
+        StateColor btn_bg_white(
+            std::pair<wxColour, int>(dark_or(wxColour(206, 206, 206), wxColour(0x54, 0x54, 0x5B)), StateColor::Pressed),
+            std::pair<wxColour, int>(dark_or(wxColour(238, 238, 238), wxColour(0x4C, 0x4C, 0x55)), StateColor::Hovered),
+            std::pair<wxColour, int>(dark_or(wxColour(255, 255, 255), wxColour(0x2D, 0x2D, 0x31)), StateColor::Normal));
+        StateColor btn_bd_green(
+            std::pair<wxColour, int>(wxColour(0, 174, 66), StateColor::Normal));
+        StateColor btn_text_green(
+            std::pair<wxColour, int>(wxColour(0, 174, 66), StateColor::Normal));
+
+        m_btn_color_auto->SetCornerRadius(FromDIP(12));
+        m_btn_color_auto->SetMinSize(wxSize(FromDIP(60), FromDIP(28)));
+        m_btn_color_auto->SetBackgroundColor(btn_bg_white);
+        m_btn_color_auto->SetBorderColor(btn_bd_green);
+        m_btn_color_auto->SetTextColor(btn_text_green);
+
+        m_btn_apply->SetCornerRadius(FromDIP(12));
+        m_btn_apply->SetMinSize(wxSize(FromDIP(60), FromDIP(28)));
+        m_btn_apply->SetBackgroundColor(btn_bg_white);
+        m_btn_apply->SetBorderColor(btn_bd_green);
+        m_btn_apply->SetTextColor(btn_text_green);
+    }
+
+    // Defer attaching the Auto/Apply tooltips until the dialog has actually
+    // been shown. On macOS, AppKit creates NSTrackingArea and dispatches a
+    // synthetic mouseEntered: as soon as the window first becomes visible,
+    // which would otherwise pop the native tooltip without the user actually
+    // hovering when the cursor happens to land on these buttons as the dialog
+    // appears.
+    Bind(wxEVT_SHOW, [this](wxShowEvent& e) {
+        e.Skip();
+        if (!e.IsShown() || m_initial_tooltips_set)
+            return;
+        m_initial_tooltips_set = true;
+        CallAfter([this]() {
+            if (m_btn_color_auto)
+                m_btn_color_auto->SetToolTip(_L("Automatically determine the optimal color count only and recompute filament mapping"));
+            if (m_btn_apply)
+                m_btn_apply->SetToolTip(_L("Convert texture to painting using the specified color count and smooth level"));
+        });
+    });
+
+    wxBoxSizer* apply_sizer = new wxBoxSizer(wxHORIZONTAL);
+    apply_sizer->Add(m_btn_color_auto, 0, wxRIGHT, FromDIP(4));
+    apply_sizer->Add(m_btn_apply, 0);
+    sizer->Add(apply_sizer, 0, wxALIGN_RIGHT | wxBOTTOM, FromDIP(8));
+
+    m_hint_label = new wxStaticText(parent, wxID_ANY,
+        _L("Reminder: parameters changed, click Apply to take effect"));
+    m_hint_label->SetForegroundColour(wxColour(0xFF, 0x6F, 0x00));
+    m_hint_label->SetFont(texture_import_section_title_font(parent));
+    m_hint_label->Hide();
+    sizer->Add(m_hint_label, 0, wxBOTTOM, FromDIP(4));
+
+    auto* mapping_separator = new StaticLine(parent);
+    mapping_separator->SetLineColour(texture_import_separator_colour());
+    sizer->Add(mapping_separator, 0, wxEXPAND | wxBOTTOM, FromDIP(8));
+}
+
+void TextureImportDialog::build_mapping_panel(wxWindow* parent, wxSizer* sizer)
+{
+    wxColour secondary_fg = dark_or(wxColour(107, 107, 107), wxColour(0x81, 0x81, 0x83));
+
+    wxBoxSizer* header_sizer = new wxBoxSizer(wxHORIZONTAL);
+
+    wxStaticText* lbl_mapping = new wxStaticText(parent, wxID_ANY, _L("Filament Mapping"));
+    lbl_mapping->SetForegroundColour(secondary_fg);
+    lbl_mapping->SetFont(texture_import_section_title_font(parent));
+    m_auto_mix_font_point_size = lbl_mapping->GetFont().GetPointSize();
+    header_sizer->Add(lbl_mapping, 0, wxALIGN_CENTER_VERTICAL);
+
+    m_btn_mix_reset = new Button(parent, "", "revert_btn", wxBORDER_NONE, 16);
+    m_btn_mix_reset->SetCanFocus(false);
+    m_btn_mix_reset->SetPaddingSize(wxSize(FromDIP(2), FromDIP(2)));
+    {
+        StateColor reset_bg(
+            std::pair<wxColour, int>(dark_or(wxColour(245, 245, 245), wxColour(0x3C, 0x3C, 0x42)), StateColor::Pressed),
+            std::pair<wxColour, int>(dark_or(wxColour(248, 248, 248), wxColour(0x35, 0x35, 0x3A)), StateColor::Hovered),
+            std::pair<wxColour, int>(dark_or(*wxWHITE, wxColour(0x2D, 0x2D, 0x31)), StateColor::Normal));
+        m_btn_mix_reset->SetBackgroundColor(reset_bg);
+        m_btn_mix_reset->SetBorderColor(StateColor());
+    }
+    m_btn_mix_reset->SetToolTip(_L("Reset filament mapping to the state before one-click mixing"));
+    m_btn_mix_reset->Bind(wxEVT_BUTTON, [this](wxCommandEvent& evt) {
+        reset_auto_mix();
+        evt.Skip();
+    });
+    m_btn_mix_reset->Hide();
+    header_sizer->Add(m_btn_mix_reset, 0, wxALIGN_CENTER_VERTICAL | wxLEFT, FromDIP(6));
+
+    header_sizer->AddStretchSpacer();
+
+    m_btn_auto_mix = new Button(parent, auto_mix_mode_label(m_auto_mix_mode));
+    {
+        wxFont btn_font = m_btn_auto_mix->GetFont();
+        btn_font.SetPointSize(m_auto_mix_font_point_size);
+        m_btn_auto_mix->SetFont(btn_font);
+    }
+    m_btn_auto_mix->SetCornerRadius(FromDIP(14));
+    m_btn_auto_mix->SetMinSize(wxSize(FromDIP(178), FromDIP(28)));
+    {
+        StateColor btn_bg(
+            std::pair<wxColour, int>(dark_or(wxColour(245, 245, 245), wxColour(0x3C, 0x3C, 0x42)), StateColor::Pressed),
+            std::pair<wxColour, int>(dark_or(wxColour(248, 248, 248), wxColour(0x35, 0x35, 0x3A)), StateColor::Hovered),
+            std::pair<wxColour, int>(dark_or(*wxWHITE, wxColour(0x2D, 0x2D, 0x31)), StateColor::Normal));
+        StateColor btn_bd(
+            std::pair<wxColour, int>(dark_or(wxColour(206, 206, 206), wxColour(0x54, 0x54, 0x5B)), StateColor::Normal));
+        StateColor btn_text(
+            std::pair<wxColour, int>(texture_import_text_colour(), StateColor::Normal));
+        m_btn_auto_mix->SetBackgroundColor(btn_bg);
+        m_btn_auto_mix->SetBorderColor(btn_bd);
+        m_btn_auto_mix->SetTextColor(btn_text);
+    }
+    m_btn_auto_mix->SetToolTip(_L("Choose the one-click auto-mix mode for texture color import"));
+    m_btn_auto_mix->Bind(wxEVT_ENTER_WINDOW, [this](wxMouseEvent& evt) {
+        show_auto_mix_popup();
+        evt.Skip();
+    });
+    m_btn_auto_mix->Bind(wxEVT_LEFT_DOWN, [this](wxMouseEvent& evt) {
+        show_auto_mix_popup();
+        evt.Skip();
+    });
+    header_sizer->Add(m_btn_auto_mix, 0, wxALIGN_CENTER_VERTICAL);
+
+    sizer->Add(header_sizer, 0, wxEXPAND | wxBOTTOM, FromDIP(4));
+
+    wxBoxSizer* merge_sizer = new wxBoxSizer(wxHORIZONTAL);
+    m_auto_merge_cb = new wxCheckBox(parent, wxID_ANY, _L("Auto-merge same filament"));
+    m_auto_merge_cb->SetToolTip(_L("Automatically merge identical filaments into existing filaments in the project"));
+    m_auto_merge_cb->SetForegroundColour(secondary_fg);
+    m_auto_merge_cb->SetValue(true);
+    m_auto_merge_cb->Bind(wxEVT_CHECKBOX, &TextureImportDialog::on_auto_merge_toggled, this);
+    merge_sizer->Add(m_auto_merge_cb, 0, wxALIGN_CENTER_VERTICAL);
+
+    sizer->Add(merge_sizer, 0, wxEXPAND | wxBOTTOM, FromDIP(8));
+
+    m_mapping_scroll = new wxScrolledWindow(parent, wxID_ANY, wxDefaultPosition,
+                                             wxSize(-1, FromDIP(300)));
+    m_mapping_scroll->SetScrollRate(0, FromDIP(10));
+    m_mapping_scroll->SetBackgroundColour(dark_or(wxColour(255, 255, 255), wxColour(0x2D, 0x2D, 0x31)));
+    m_mapping_scroll->Bind(wxEVT_MOUSEWHEEL, &TextureImportDialog::dismiss_filament_popup_on_wheel, this);
+
+    m_mapping_sizer = new wxBoxSizer(wxVERTICAL);
+    m_mapping_scroll->SetSizer(m_mapping_sizer);
+
+    sizer->Add(m_mapping_scroll, 1, wxEXPAND | wxBOTTOM, FromDIP(8));
+}
+
+void TextureImportDialog::build_bottom_buttons(wxSizer* sizer)
+{
+    m_drop_warning_label = new wxStaticText(this, wxID_ANY,
+        wxString::Format(
+            _L("The project supports up to %d filaments. Extra filaments will be discarded."),
+            (int)max_filament_count()));
+    m_drop_warning_label->SetForegroundColour(wxColour(0xFF, 0x6F, 0x00));
+    m_drop_warning_label->SetFont(texture_import_section_title_font(this));
+    m_drop_warning_label->Hide();
+    sizer->Add(m_drop_warning_label, 0, wxALIGN_LEFT | wxBOTTOM, FromDIP(4));
+
+    wxBoxSizer* btn_sizer = new wxBoxSizer(wxHORIZONTAL);
+    m_btn_skip = new Button(this, _L("Skip Matching"));
+    m_btn_skip->SetId(ID_BTN_SKIP);
+    m_btn_skip->SetToolTip(_L("Skip filament mapping and import as a single-color model"));
+    m_btn_skip->SetCornerRadius(FromDIP(20));
+    m_btn_skip->SetMinSize(wxSize(FromDIP(136), FromDIP(40)));
+    {
+        StateColor skip_bg(
+            std::pair<wxColour, int>(dark_or(wxColour(206, 206, 206), wxColour(0x54, 0x54, 0x5B)), StateColor::Pressed),
+            std::pair<wxColour, int>(dark_or(wxColour(238, 238, 238), wxColour(0x4C, 0x4C, 0x55)), StateColor::Hovered),
+            std::pair<wxColour, int>(dark_or(wxColour(255, 255, 255), wxColour(0x2D, 0x2D, 0x31)), StateColor::Normal));
+        StateColor skip_bd(
+            std::pair<wxColour, int>(dark_or(wxColour(206, 206, 206), wxColour(0x54, 0x54, 0x5B)), StateColor::Normal));
+        StateColor skip_text(
+            std::pair<wxColour, int>(dark_or(wxColour(107, 107, 107), wxColour(0xB3, 0xB3, 0xB5)), StateColor::Normal));
+        m_btn_skip->SetBackgroundColor(skip_bg);
+        m_btn_skip->SetBorderColor(skip_bd);
+        m_btn_skip->SetTextColor(skip_text);
+    }
+
+    m_btn_ok = new Button(this, _L("Confirm"));
+    m_btn_ok->SetId(wxID_OK);
+    m_btn_ok->SetCornerRadius(FromDIP(20));
+    m_btn_ok->SetMinSize(wxSize(FromDIP(156), FromDIP(40)));
+    {
+        StateColor ok_bg(
+            std::pair<wxColour, int>(wxColour(27, 136, 68), StateColor::Pressed),
+            std::pair<wxColour, int>(wxColour(61, 203, 115), StateColor::Hovered),
+            std::pair<wxColour, int>(wxColour(0, 174, 66), StateColor::Normal));
+        StateColor ok_bd(
+            std::pair<wxColour, int>(wxColour(0, 174, 66), StateColor::Normal));
+        StateColor ok_text(
+            std::pair<wxColour, int>(wxColour("#FFFFFE"), StateColor::Normal));
+        m_btn_ok->SetBackgroundColor(ok_bg);
+        m_btn_ok->SetBorderColor(ok_bd);
+        m_btn_ok->SetTextColor(ok_text);
+    }
+
+    btn_sizer->AddStretchSpacer();
+    btn_sizer->Add(m_btn_skip, 0, wxRIGHT, FromDIP(16));
+    btn_sizer->Add(m_btn_ok, 0);
+
+    sizer->Add(btn_sizer, 0, wxEXPAND | wxTOP, FromDIP(8));
+}
+
+// ---- State machine ----
+
+void TextureImportDialog::set_state(TextureImportState new_state)
+{
+    m_state = new_state;
+    update_ui_for_state();
+}
+
+void TextureImportDialog::update_ui_for_state()
+{
+    bool computing = (m_state == TextureImportState::Computing);
+    bool ready     = (m_state == TextureImportState::Ready);
+    bool idle      = (m_state == TextureImportState::Idle);
+    bool valid     = has_valid_result();
+
+    m_color_slider->Enable(!computing);
+    m_color_spin->Enable(!computing);
+    m_smooth_slider->Enable(!computing);
+    m_smooth_spin->Enable(!computing);
+    m_btn_apply->Enable(!computing);
+    m_btn_color_4->Enable(!computing);
+    m_btn_color_8->Enable(!computing);
+    m_btn_color_16->Enable(!computing);
+    m_btn_color_auto->Enable(!computing);
+    if (m_btn_auto_mix)
+        m_btn_auto_mix->Enable(!computing);
+    if (m_btn_mix_reset)
+        m_btn_mix_reset->Enable(!computing);
+    if (computing)
+        dismiss_auto_mix_popup();
+
+    m_btn_ok->Enable(ready && valid);
+    m_btn_skip->Enable(ready || idle);
+
+    m_auto_merge_cb->Enable(!computing);
+
+    m_preview_canvas->set_computing_overlay(computing);
+
+    if (ready && valid && is_params_dirty()) {
+        m_btn_ok->Enable(true);
+        StateColor gray_bg(
+            std::pair<wxColour, int>(dark_or(wxColour(206, 206, 206), wxColour(0x54, 0x54, 0x5B)), StateColor::Normal));
+        StateColor gray_bd(
+            std::pair<wxColour, int>(dark_or(wxColour(206, 206, 206), wxColour(0x54, 0x54, 0x5B)), StateColor::Normal));
+        StateColor gray_text(
+            std::pair<wxColour, int>(dark_or(wxColour(107, 107, 107), wxColour(0xB3, 0xB3, 0xB5)), StateColor::Normal));
+        m_btn_ok->SetBackgroundColor(gray_bg);
+        m_btn_ok->SetBorderColor(gray_bd);
+        m_btn_ok->SetTextColor(gray_text);
+        m_btn_ok->SetToolTip(_L("Reminder: parameters changed, click Apply to take effect"));
+        if (m_hint_label) m_hint_label->Show();
+    } else if (ready && valid) {
+        StateColor ok_bg(
+            std::pair<wxColour, int>(wxColour(27, 136, 68), StateColor::Pressed),
+            std::pair<wxColour, int>(wxColour(61, 203, 115), StateColor::Hovered),
+            std::pair<wxColour, int>(wxColour(0, 174, 66), StateColor::Normal));
+        StateColor ok_bd(
+            std::pair<wxColour, int>(wxColour(0, 174, 66), StateColor::Normal));
+        StateColor ok_text(
+            std::pair<wxColour, int>(wxColour("#FFFFFE"), StateColor::Normal));
+        m_btn_ok->SetBackgroundColor(ok_bg);
+        m_btn_ok->SetBorderColor(ok_bd);
+        m_btn_ok->SetTextColor(ok_text);
+        m_btn_ok->UnsetToolTip();
+        if (m_hint_label) m_hint_label->Hide();
+    } else {
+        if (m_hint_label) m_hint_label->Hide();
+    }
+
+    m_btn_ok->Refresh();
+    Layout();
+}
+
+// ---- Async computation ----
+
+void TextureImportDialog::start_computation(bool auto_color, bool initial)
+{
+    cancel_computation();
+
+    m_cancel_flag = false;
+    m_current_computation_initial = initial;
+    m_current_computation_auto_color = auto_color;
+    if (initial) {
+        m_initial_computation_pending = true;
+        m_initial_computation_cancelled = false;
+        m_initial_computation_failed = false;
+    }
+    set_state(TextureImportState::Computing);
+
+    bool silent_initial = initial && static_cast<bool>(m_initial_cancel_callback);
+    if (!silent_initial) {
+        m_progress_dlg = new ProgressDialog(
+            _L("Processing"), _L("Computing texture colors..."),
+            100, initial ? GetParent() : this, wxPD_APP_MODAL | wxPD_CAN_ABORT | wxPD_AUTO_HIDE);
+    }
+
+    Slic3r::TexturePaintingSettings settings;
+    settings.target_colors_num = auto_color ? 0 : (size_t)m_param_color_count;
+    settings.smooth_weight     = m_param_smooth / 10.0;
+    settings.mesh_repair_decision = m_mesh_repair_decision;
+    // BBS repairs the mesh through the Windows 3D SDK, which only exists on Windows and only
+    // when the SDK is present at build time. Orca already ships a CGAL-based repair
+    // (MeshBoolean::cgal::repair) that works on all three platforms, so use that instead —
+    // this makes the repair path available on Linux and macOS too.
+    settings.mesh_repair_callback = [](const indexed_triangle_set& mesh,
+                                       indexed_triangle_set&       repaired_mesh,
+                                       std::function<void(const char*, unsigned)> progress_callback,
+                                       std::function<bool()>       cancel_callback,
+                                       std::string*                error_message) -> bool {
+        if (cancel_callback && cancel_callback())
+            return false;
+        if (progress_callback)
+            progress_callback(_u8L("Repairing mesh").c_str(), 0);
+
+        TriangleMesh tm(mesh);
+        if (!MeshBoolean::cgal::repair(tm, nullptr, error_message))
+            return false;
+
+        if (cancel_callback && cancel_callback())
+            return false;
+        repaired_mesh = tm.its;
+        if (progress_callback)
+            progress_callback(_u8L("Repairing mesh").c_str(), 100);
+        return true;
+    };
+
+    Slic3r::TexturedMesh mesh_copy = m_textured_mesh;
+    wxEvtHandler* handler = this;
+
+    m_worker = std::make_unique<std::thread>([this, settings, mesh_copy, handler]() {
+        Slic3r::PaintedMesh result;
+
+        auto progress_cb = [handler](int percent, const char*) {
+            auto* evt = new wxCommandEvent(EVT_TEXTURE_COMPUTE_PROGRESS);
+            evt->SetInt(percent);
+            wxQueueEvent(handler, evt);
+        };
+
+        auto cancel_cb = [this]() -> bool {
+            return m_cancel_flag.load();
+        };
+
+        auto worker_settings = settings;
+        bool mesh_repair_decision_required = false;
+        worker_settings.mesh_repair_decision_required = &mesh_repair_decision_required;
+        bool ok = Slic3r::texture_to_painting(mesh_copy, result, worker_settings, progress_cb, cancel_cb);
+
+        if (m_cancel_flag.load()) {
+            wxQueueEvent(handler, new wxCommandEvent(EVT_TEXTURE_COMPUTE_ERROR));
+            return;
+        }
+
+        if (!ok && mesh_repair_decision_required) {
+            wxQueueEvent(handler, new wxCommandEvent(EVT_TEXTURE_MESH_REPAIR_DECISION));
+            return;
+        }
+
+        {
+            std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(m_result_mutex);
+            m_pending_result = std::move(result);
+        }
+
+        if (ok) {
+            wxQueueEvent(handler, new wxCommandEvent(EVT_TEXTURE_COMPUTE_DONE));
+        } else {
+            wxQueueEvent(handler, new wxCommandEvent(EVT_TEXTURE_COMPUTE_ERROR));
+        }
+    });
+}
+
+void TextureImportDialog::cancel_computation()
+{
+    m_cancel_flag = true;
+    if (m_worker && m_worker->joinable())
+        m_worker->join();
+    m_worker.reset();
+
+    if (m_progress_dlg) {
+        m_progress_dlg->Destroy();
+        m_progress_dlg = nullptr;
+    }
+
+    if (m_current_computation_initial) {
+        m_initial_computation_cancelled = true;
+        m_initial_computation_pending = false;
+        m_current_computation_initial = false;
+    }
+}
+
+void TextureImportDialog::on_computation_progress(wxCommandEvent& evt)
+{
+    if (m_progress_dlg) {
+        if (!m_progress_dlg->Update(evt.GetInt()))
+            m_cancel_flag = true;
+    } else if (m_current_computation_initial && m_initial_progress_callback) {
+        if (!m_initial_progress_callback(evt.GetInt()))
+            m_cancel_flag = true;
+    }
+}
+
+void TextureImportDialog::on_computation_complete(wxCommandEvent&)
+{
+    bool initial = m_current_computation_initial;
+
+    if (m_progress_dlg) {
+        m_progress_dlg->Destroy();
+        m_progress_dlg = nullptr;
+    }
+
+    {
+        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(m_result_mutex);
+        m_painted = std::move(m_pending_result);
+    }
+
+    int actual_colors = (int)m_painted.cluster_colors.size();
+    if (actual_colors >= 2 && actual_colors <= (int)max_filament_count()) {
+        set_color_count_value(actual_colors, true);
+    }
+
+    m_preview_canvas->set_painted_mesh_data(m_painted.vertices, m_painted.indices);
+    m_preview_canvas->set_face_colors(m_painted.face_colors);
+
+    // A fresh texture computation replaces m_painted, so virtual filaments from
+    // the previous computation must not consume capacity when deciding whether
+    // this run drops extra colors. Rebuild virtual filaments from this result.
+    m_current_matches.clear();
+    if (m_filament_colors_rgba.size() > m_existing_filament_count)
+        m_filament_colors_rgba.resize(m_existing_filament_count);
+    if (m_filament_color_strs.size() > m_existing_filament_count)
+        m_filament_color_strs.resize(m_existing_filament_count);
+    if (m_filament_names.size() > m_existing_filament_count)
+        m_filament_names.resize(m_existing_filament_count);
+    if (m_filament_entries.size() > m_existing_filament_count)
+        m_filament_entries.resize(m_existing_filament_count);
+    while (m_filament_entries.size() < m_existing_filament_count) {
+        TextureFilamentEntry entry;
+        entry.kind = TextureFilamentKind::ExistingPhysical;
+        entry.dialog_index = (int)m_filament_entries.size();
+        entry.project_config_index = m_filament_entries.size();
+        m_filament_entries.push_back(entry);
+    }
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < m_filament_entries.size(); ++i) {
+        m_filament_entries[i].dialog_index = (int)i;
+        m_filament_entries[i].color_hex = i < m_filament_color_strs.size() ?
+            texture_normalize_color_hex(m_filament_color_strs[i]) : "#808080";
+        m_filament_entries[i].name = i < m_filament_names.size() ?
+            m_filament_names[i] : "Filament " + std::to_string(i + 1);
+    }
+    m_new_filament_colors.clear();
+    m_new_filament_preset_names.clear();
+    m_new_mixed_filaments.clear();
+
+    do_auto_match();
+    compact_used_virtual_filaments();
+    sort_current_matches_by_filament_index();
+    update_filament_color_map();
+    rebuild_mapping_rows();
+
+    m_applied_color_count = m_param_color_count;
+    m_applied_smooth      = m_param_smooth;
+
+    set_state(TextureImportState::Ready);
+    update_drop_warning_visibility();
+    update_auto_mix_reset_visibility();
+
+    m_btn_view_multicolor->Show();
+    if (m_tab_panel) {
+        m_tab_panel->GetSizer()->Layout();
+        m_tab_panel->Fit();
+        m_tab_panel->SetPosition(wxPoint(FromDIP(8), FromDIP(8)));
+    }
+    GetSizer()->Layout();
+
+    m_preview_canvas->set_render_mode(TexturePreviewCanvas::RenderMode::FilamentMap);
+    highlight_view_button(-1);
+
+    if (initial) {
+        m_initial_computation_pending = false;
+        m_current_computation_initial = false;
+    }
+}
+
+void TextureImportDialog::on_computation_error(wxCommandEvent&)
+{
+    bool initial = m_current_computation_initial;
+
+    if (m_progress_dlg) {
+        m_progress_dlg->Destroy();
+        m_progress_dlg = nullptr;
+    }
+
+    if (m_cancel_flag.load()) {
+        if (initial) {
+            m_initial_computation_cancelled = true;
+            m_initial_computation_pending = false;
+            m_current_computation_initial = false;
+            return;
+        }
+        if (has_valid_result()) {
+            if (m_applied_color_count >= 0) {
+                m_param_color_count = m_applied_color_count;
+                m_color_slider->SetValue(m_param_color_count);
+                m_color_spin->SetValue(m_param_color_count);
+                update_color_count_preset_buttons();
+            }
+            if (m_applied_smooth >= 0) {
+                m_param_smooth = m_applied_smooth;
+                m_smooth_slider->SetValue(m_param_smooth);
+                m_smooth_spin->SetValue(m_param_smooth);
+            }
+            set_state(TextureImportState::Ready);
+            return;
+        }
+        set_state(TextureImportState::Idle);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    if (initial) {
+        m_initial_computation_failed = true;
+        m_initial_computation_pending = false;
+        m_current_computation_initial = false;
+        m_fallback_to_geometry_only = true;
+        return;
+    }
+
+    set_state(TextureImportState::Error);
+    Slic3r::GUI::MessageDialog dlg(initial ? GetParent() : this,
+        _L("Computation failed. Please adjust parameters and retry."),
+        _L("Error"), wxOK | wxICON_ERROR);
+    dlg.ShowModal();
+}
+
+void TextureImportDialog::on_mesh_repair_decision_required(wxCommandEvent&)
+{
+    bool initial = m_current_computation_initial;
+    bool auto_color = m_current_computation_auto_color;
+
+    if (m_progress_dlg) {
+        m_progress_dlg->Destroy();
+        m_progress_dlg = nullptr;
+    }
+
+#ifdef HAS_WIN10SDK
+    Slic3r::GUI::MessageDialog dlg(initial ? GetParent() : this,
+        _L("The mesh has non-manifold geometry or open boundaries. You can import it as-is or repair it with Windows 3D repair service before importing."),
+        _L("Mesh repair"), wxYES_NO | wxICON_WARNING | wxYES_DEFAULT);
+    dlg.SetButtonLabel(wxID_YES, _L("Import without repair"));
+    dlg.SetButtonLabel(wxID_NO, _L("Repair and import"), true);
+    StateColor primary_bg(
+        std::pair<wxColour, int>(wxColour(27, 136, 68), StateColor::Pressed),
+        std::pair<wxColour, int>(wxColour(61, 203, 115), StateColor::Hovered),
+        std::pair<wxColour, int>(wxColour(0, 174, 66), StateColor::Normal));
+    StateColor primary_bd(
+        std::pair<wxColour, int>(wxColour(0, 174, 66), StateColor::Normal));
+    StateColor primary_text(
+        std::pair<wxColour, int>(wxColour("#FFFFFE"), StateColor::Normal));
+    StateColor secondary_bg(
+        std::pair<wxColour, int>(wxColour("#CECECE"), StateColor::Pressed),
+        std::pair<wxColour, int>(wxColour("#EEEEEE"), StateColor::Hovered),
+        std::pair<wxColour, int>(*wxWHITE, StateColor::Normal));
+    StateColor secondary_bd(
+        std::pair<wxColour, int>(texture_import_gray9000(), StateColor::Normal));
+    StateColor secondary_text(
+        std::pair<wxColour, int>(texture_import_gray9000(), StateColor::Normal));
+    if (auto* yes_btn = dynamic_cast<Button*>(dlg.FindWindow(wxID_YES))) {
+        yes_btn->SetMinSize(wxSize(FromDIP(180), FromDIP(24)));
+        yes_btn->SetBackgroundColor(secondary_bg);
+        yes_btn->SetBorderColor(secondary_bd);
+        yes_btn->SetTextColor(secondary_text);
+    }
+    if (auto* no_btn = dynamic_cast<Button*>(dlg.FindWindow(wxID_NO))) {
+        no_btn->SetMinSize(wxSize(FromDIP(160), FromDIP(24)));
+        no_btn->SetBackgroundColor(primary_bg);
+        no_btn->SetBorderColor(primary_bd);
+        no_btn->SetTextColor(primary_text);
+    }
+    dlg.Layout();
+    dlg.Fit();
+    dlg.CenterOnParent();
+    int ret = dlg.ShowModal();
+    m_mesh_repair_decision = (ret == wxID_NO)
+        ? Slic3r::TexturePaintingSettings::MeshRepairDecision::RepairAndImport
+        : Slic3r::TexturePaintingSettings::MeshRepairDecision::ImportWithoutRepair;
+#else
+    Slic3r::GUI::MessageDialog dlg(initial ? GetParent() : this,
+        _L("Please note that the mesh has non-manifold geometry or open boundaries."),
+        _L("Mesh issue"), wxOK | wxCANCEL | wxICON_WARNING | wxOK_DEFAULT);
+    dlg.SetButtonLabel(wxID_OK, _L("Continue"), true);
+    dlg.SetButtonLabel(wxID_CANCEL, _L("Cancel"));
+    int ret = dlg.ShowModal();
+    if (ret != wxID_OK) {
+        m_cancel_flag = true;
+        if (initial) {
+            m_initial_computation_cancelled = true;
+            m_initial_computation_pending = false;
+            m_current_computation_initial = false;
+        } else if (has_valid_result()) {
+            set_state(TextureImportState::Ready);
+        } else {
+            set_state(TextureImportState::Idle);
+        }
+        return;
+    }
+    m_mesh_repair_decision = Slic3r::TexturePaintingSettings::MeshRepairDecision::ImportWithoutRepair;
+#endif
+
+    start_computation(auto_color, initial);
+}
+
+// ---- Mapping ----
+
+void TextureImportDialog::update_filament_color_map()
+{
+    std::map<std::array<std::size_t, 3>, std::array<float, 3>> color_map;
+    for (const auto& m : m_current_matches) {
+        if (m.filament_index >= 0 && m.filament_index < (int)m_filament_colors_rgba.size()) {
+            color_map[m.cluster_color] = {
+                m_filament_colors_rgba[m.filament_index][0],
+                m_filament_colors_rgba[m.filament_index][1],
+                m_filament_colors_rgba[m.filament_index][2]
+            };
+        }
+    }
+    m_preview_canvas->set_filament_color_map(color_map);
+}
+
+// Canonical ordering used on the very first display after a computation:
+// sort ascending by filament_index, and push unmapped (filament_index < 0)
+// entries to the end. This gives the user a stable, predictable mapping
+// layout regardless of the cluster discovery order.
+void TextureImportDialog::sort_current_matches_by_filament_index()
+{
+    std::stable_sort(m_current_matches.begin(), m_current_matches.end(),
+        [](const auto& lhs, const auto& rhs) {
+            const bool lhs_valid = lhs.filament_index >= 0;
+            const bool rhs_valid = rhs.filament_index >= 0;
+
+            if (lhs_valid != rhs_valid)
+                return lhs_valid;
+            if (!lhs_valid)
+                return false;
+
+            return lhs.filament_index < rhs.filament_index;
+        });
+}
+
+// Preserve the row order the user is currently looking at across a
+// re-computation (e.g. when auto-merge is toggled). We key on cluster_index
+// because it survives compact_used_virtual_filaments() and filament-index
+// renumbering, whereas filament_index does not.
+//
+// Behaviour:
+//   * Entries whose cluster_index appeared in `previous_matches` keep their
+//     previous relative order.
+//   * Entries whose cluster_index is new (not in `previous_matches`) are
+//     appended at the end, in their current relative order.
+//
+// Assumption: each cluster_index appears at most once in both vectors. This
+// is currently guaranteed by do_auto_match(), which emits exactly one match
+// per cluster. If that invariant ever changes, the std::map::emplace below
+// silently keeps only the first occurrence and the order will be wrong.
+void TextureImportDialog::restore_current_match_order(const std::vector<Slic3r::FilamentMatch>& previous_matches)
+{
+    if (previous_matches.empty() || m_current_matches.size() < 2)
+        return;
+
+    std::map<int, size_t> previous_order_by_cluster;
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < previous_matches.size(); ++i) {
+        if (previous_matches[i].cluster_index >= 0)
+            previous_order_by_cluster.emplace(previous_matches[i].cluster_index, i);
+    }
+
+    std::stable_sort(m_current_matches.begin(), m_current_matches.end(),
+        [&previous_order_by_cluster](const auto& lhs, const auto& rhs) {
+            const auto lhs_it = previous_order_by_cluster.find(lhs.cluster_index);
+            const auto rhs_it = previous_order_by_cluster.find(rhs.cluster_index);
+            const bool lhs_known = lhs_it != previous_order_by_cluster.end();
+            const bool rhs_known = rhs_it != previous_order_by_cluster.end();
+
+            if (lhs_known != rhs_known)
+                return lhs_known;
+            if (!lhs_known)
+                return false;
+
+            return lhs_it->second < rhs_it->second;
+        });
+}
+
+size_t TextureImportDialog::max_filament_count() const
+{
+    return static_cast<size_t>(EnforcerBlockerType::ExtruderMax);
+}
+
+bool TextureImportDialog::can_add_virtual_filament() const
+{
+    return m_filament_colors_rgba.size() < max_filament_count();
+}
+
+int TextureImportDialog::find_closest_filament_index(const std::array<std::size_t, 3>& color) const
+{
+    int best_idx = -1;
+    double best_delta = std::numeric_limits<double>::max();
+    const size_t filament_count = std::min(m_filament_colors_rgba.size(), max_filament_count());
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < filament_count; ++i) {
+        const double delta = Slic3r::compute_delta_e(color, m_filament_colors_rgba[i]);
+        if (delta < best_delta) {
+            best_delta = delta;
+            best_idx = (int)i;
+        }
+    }
+    return best_idx;
+}
+
+int TextureImportDialog::add_virtual_filament(const std::array<float, 4>& rgba, const std::string& hex,
+                                              const std::string& preset_name)
+{
+    if (m_filament_color_strs.size() != m_filament_colors_rgba.size() ||
+        m_filament_names.size() != m_filament_colors_rgba.size() ||
+        m_filament_entries.size() != m_filament_colors_rgba.size()) {
+        return -1;
+    }
+    if (!can_add_virtual_filament()) {
+        // Mark that this do_auto_match() run hit the filament cap and had to
+        // drop at least one cluster. The mapping itself still falls back via
+        // find_closest_filament_index() below; this flag only drives the
+        // inline orange warning above the bottom buttons.
+        // Note: only the false -> true transition happens here; the flag is
+        // cleared exclusively at the entry of do_auto_match() so it always
+        // reflects the most recent match, never an accumulated history.
+        m_filaments_dropped = true;
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    const int new_idx = (int)m_filament_colors_rgba.size();
+    m_filament_colors_rgba.push_back(rgba);
+    m_filament_color_strs.push_back(hex);
+    m_filament_names.push_back(DEFAULT_VIRTUAL_FILAMENT_NAME);
+    TextureFilamentEntry entry;
+    entry.kind = TextureFilamentKind::NewPhysical;
+    entry.dialog_index = new_idx;
+    entry.project_config_index = size_t(-1);
+    entry.color_hex = texture_normalize_color_hex(hex);
+    entry.name = DEFAULT_VIRTUAL_FILAMENT_NAME;
+    entry.preset_name = preset_name.empty() ? m_default_virtual_filament_preset_name : preset_name;
+    m_filament_entries.push_back(entry);
+    m_new_filament_colors.push_back(rgba);
+    m_new_filament_preset_names.push_back(preset_name.empty() ? m_default_virtual_filament_preset_name : preset_name);
+    return new_idx;
+}
+
+int TextureImportDialog::add_virtual_mixed_filament(const std::string& color_hex,
+                                                    const std::vector<int>& component_dialog_indices,
+                                                    const std::vector<int>& ratios)
+{
+    if (m_filament_color_strs.size() != m_filament_colors_rgba.size() ||
+        m_filament_names.size() != m_filament_colors_rgba.size() ||
+        m_filament_entries.size() != m_filament_colors_rgba.size()) {
+        return -1;
+    }
+    if (component_dialog_indices.size() < 2 || component_dialog_indices.size() != ratios.size())
+        return -1;
+    for (int idx : component_dialog_indices) {
+        if (idx < 0 || idx >= (int)m_filament_entries.size() ||
+            !texture_entry_is_physical(m_filament_entries[idx].kind)) {
+            return -1;
+        }
+    }
+    if (!can_add_virtual_filament()) {
+        m_filaments_dropped = true;
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    const int new_idx = (int)m_filament_colors_rgba.size();
+    TextureFilamentEntry entry;
+    entry.kind = TextureFilamentKind::NewMixed;
+    entry.dialog_index = new_idx;
+    entry.project_config_index = size_t(-1);
+    entry.color_hex = texture_normalize_color_hex(color_hex);
+    entry.name = DEFAULT_VIRTUAL_FILAMENT_NAME;
+    entry.mixed_ratios = ratios;
+    for (int idx : component_dialog_indices)
+        entry.mixed_components.push_back((unsigned int)(idx + 1));
+
+    TextureNewMixedFilament mixed;
+    mixed.dialog_index = entry.dialog_index;
+    mixed.color_hex = entry.color_hex;
+    mixed.component_dialog_indices = component_dialog_indices;
+    mixed.ratios = ratios;
+
+    m_filament_entries.push_back(entry);
+    m_filament_color_strs.push_back(entry.color_hex);
+    m_filament_names.push_back(entry.name);
+    m_filament_colors_rgba.push_back(parse_color_string(entry.color_hex));
+    m_new_mixed_filaments.push_back(mixed);
+    return entry.dialog_index;
+}
+
+void TextureImportDialog::compact_used_virtual_filaments()
+{
+    if (m_current_matches.empty())
+        return;
+
+    const std::vector<std::array<float, 4>> old_colors = m_filament_colors_rgba;
+    const std::vector<std::string> old_color_strs = m_filament_color_strs;
+    const std::vector<std::string> old_names = m_filament_names;
+    const std::vector<TextureFilamentEntry> old_entries = m_filament_entries;
+
+    auto old_new_mixed_has_valid_components = [&old_entries, &old_colors](const TextureFilamentEntry& entry) {
+        if (entry.kind != TextureFilamentKind::NewMixed)
+            return true;
+        if (entry.mixed_components.size() < 2 || entry.mixed_components.size() != entry.mixed_ratios.size())
+            return false;
+        for (unsigned int comp : entry.mixed_components) {
+            int comp_idx = comp >= 1 ? (int)comp - 1 : -1;
+            if (comp_idx < 0 || comp_idx >= (int)old_entries.size() || comp_idx >= (int)old_colors.size() ||
+                !texture_entry_is_physical(old_entries[comp_idx].kind)) {
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+        return true;
+    };
+
+    std::set<int> used_virtual_indices;
+    for (const auto& m : m_current_matches) {
+        if (m.filament_index >= (int)m_existing_filament_count &&
+            m.filament_index < (int)old_colors.size()) {
+            if (m.filament_index < (int)old_entries.size() &&
+                old_entries[m.filament_index].kind == TextureFilamentKind::NewMixed &&
+                !old_new_mixed_has_valid_components(old_entries[m.filament_index])) {
+                continue;
+            }
+            used_virtual_indices.insert(m.filament_index);
+        }
+    }
+    bool added_dependency = true;
+    while (added_dependency) {
+        added_dependency = false;
+        std::vector<int> current_used(used_virtual_indices.begin(), used_virtual_indices.end());
+        for (int used_idx : current_used) {
+            if (used_idx < 0 || used_idx >= (int)old_entries.size() ||
+                old_entries[used_idx].kind != TextureFilamentKind::NewMixed ||
+                !old_new_mixed_has_valid_components(old_entries[used_idx]))
+                continue;
+            for (unsigned int comp : old_entries[used_idx].mixed_components) {
+                int comp_idx = comp >= 1 ? (int)comp - 1 : -1;
+                if (comp_idx >= (int)m_existing_filament_count && comp_idx < (int)old_entries.size() &&
+                    used_virtual_indices.insert(comp_idx).second) {
+                    added_dependency = true;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    std::vector<std::array<float, 4>> compact_colors;
+    std::vector<std::string> compact_color_strs;
+    std::vector<std::string> compact_names;
+    std::vector<TextureFilamentEntry> compact_entries;
+    compact_colors.reserve(m_existing_filament_count + used_virtual_indices.size());
+    compact_color_strs.reserve(m_existing_filament_count + used_virtual_indices.size());
+    compact_names.reserve(m_existing_filament_count + used_virtual_indices.size());
+    compact_entries.reserve(m_existing_filament_count + used_virtual_indices.size());
+
+    const size_t existing_count = std::min(m_existing_filament_count, old_colors.size());
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < existing_count; ++i) {
+        compact_colors.push_back(old_colors[i]);
+        compact_color_strs.push_back(i < old_color_strs.size() ? old_color_strs[i] : "");
+        compact_names.push_back(i < old_names.size() ? old_names[i] : "Filament " + std::to_string(i + 1));
+        TextureFilamentEntry entry = i < old_entries.size() ? old_entries[i] : TextureFilamentEntry{};
+        entry.dialog_index = (int)i;
+        entry.color_hex = texture_normalize_color_hex(compact_color_strs.back());
+        entry.name = compact_names.back();
+        compact_entries.push_back(entry);
+    }
+
+    std::map<int, int> old_to_new;
+    std::vector<std::array<float, 4>> compact_new_colors;
+    std::vector<std::string> compact_new_preset_names;
+    compact_new_colors.reserve(used_virtual_indices.size());
+    compact_new_preset_names.reserve(used_virtual_indices.size());
+
+    for (int old_idx : used_virtual_indices) {
+        old_to_new[old_idx] = (int)compact_colors.size();
+        compact_colors.push_back(old_colors[old_idx]);
+        compact_color_strs.push_back(old_idx < (int)old_color_strs.size() ? old_color_strs[old_idx] : "");
+        compact_names.push_back(old_idx < (int)old_names.size() ? old_names[old_idx] : DEFAULT_VIRTUAL_FILAMENT_NAME);
+        TextureFilamentEntry entry = old_idx < (int)old_entries.size() ? old_entries[old_idx] : TextureFilamentEntry{};
+        entry.dialog_index = (int)compact_entries.size();
+        entry.color_hex = texture_normalize_color_hex(compact_color_strs.back());
+        entry.name = compact_names.back();
+        if (entry.kind == TextureFilamentKind::NewPhysical) {
+            compact_new_colors.push_back(old_colors[old_idx]);
+            compact_new_preset_names.push_back(entry.preset_name.empty() ? m_default_virtual_filament_preset_name : entry.preset_name);
+        }
+        compact_entries.push_back(entry);
+    }
+
+    m_filament_colors_rgba = std::move(compact_colors);
+    m_filament_color_strs = std::move(compact_color_strs);
+    m_filament_names = std::move(compact_names);
+    m_filament_entries = std::move(compact_entries);
+    m_new_filament_colors = std::move(compact_new_colors);
+    m_new_filament_preset_names = std::move(compact_new_preset_names);
+    m_new_mixed_filaments.clear();
+    std::set<int> invalid_compacted_mixed_indices;
+    for (auto& entry : m_filament_entries) {
+        if (entry.kind != TextureFilamentKind::NewMixed)
+            continue;
+        TextureNewMixedFilament mixed;
+        mixed.dialog_index = entry.dialog_index;
+        mixed.color_hex = entry.color_hex;
+        mixed.ratios = entry.mixed_ratios;
+        mixed.component_dialog_indices.reserve(entry.mixed_components.size());
+        bool valid_components = entry.mixed_components.size() >= 2 &&
+            entry.mixed_components.size() == entry.mixed_ratios.size();
+        for (unsigned int comp : entry.mixed_components) {
+            int old_comp_idx = comp >= 1 ? (int)comp - 1 : -1;
+            if (old_comp_idx < 0) {
+                valid_components = false;
+                break;
+            }
+            auto remap_it = old_to_new.find(old_comp_idx);
+            int new_comp_idx = remap_it != old_to_new.end() ? remap_it->second : old_comp_idx;
+            if (new_comp_idx < 0 || new_comp_idx >= (int)m_filament_entries.size() ||
+                !texture_entry_is_physical(m_filament_entries[new_comp_idx].kind)) {
+                valid_components = false;
+                break;
+            }
+            mixed.component_dialog_indices.push_back(new_comp_idx);
+        }
+        if (!valid_components) {
+            invalid_compacted_mixed_indices.insert(entry.dialog_index);
+            continue;
+        }
+        entry.mixed_components.clear();
+        for (int comp_idx : mixed.component_dialog_indices)
+            entry.mixed_components.push_back((unsigned int)(comp_idx + 1));
+        m_new_mixed_filaments.push_back(mixed);
+    }
+
+    auto find_closest_physical_filament_index = [this](const std::array<std::size_t, 3>& color) {
+        int best_idx = -1;
+        double best_delta = std::numeric_limits<double>::max();
+        const size_t filament_count = std::min(m_filament_colors_rgba.size(), max_filament_count());
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < filament_count && i < m_filament_entries.size(); ++i) {
+            if (!texture_entry_is_physical(m_filament_entries[i].kind))
+                continue;
+            const double delta = Slic3r::compute_delta_e(color, m_filament_colors_rgba[i]);
+            if (delta < best_delta) {
+                best_delta = delta;
+                best_idx = (int)i;
+            }
+        }
+        return best_idx;
+    };
+
+    for (auto& m : m_current_matches) {
+        auto it = old_to_new.find(m.filament_index);
+        if (it != old_to_new.end()) {
+            m.filament_index = it->second;
+        } else if (m.filament_index >= (int)m_existing_filament_count) {
+            m.filament_index = find_closest_filament_index(m.cluster_color);
+        }
+        if (invalid_compacted_mixed_indices.count(m.filament_index) > 0) {
+            int fallback_idx = find_closest_physical_filament_index(m.cluster_color);
+            m.filament_index = fallback_idx >= 0 ? fallback_idx : find_closest_filament_index(m.cluster_color);
+        }
+
+        if (m.filament_index >= 0 && m.filament_index < (int)m_filament_colors_rgba.size()) {
+            m.filament_color = m_filament_colors_rgba[m.filament_index];
+            m.delta_e = Slic3r::compute_delta_e(m.cluster_color, m.filament_color);
+            if (m.filament_index >= (int)m_existing_filament_count)
+                m.delta_e = 0.0;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+void TextureImportDialog::dismiss_filament_popup()
+{
+    if (!m_filament_popup) {
+        m_filament_popup_row = -1;
+        return;
+    }
+
+    FilamentSelectPopup* popup = m_filament_popup;
+    m_filament_popup = nullptr;
+    m_filament_popup_row = -1;
+    if (popup->IsShown())
+        popup->Dismiss();
+    else
+        popup->Destroy();
+}
+
+void TextureImportDialog::show_auto_mix_popup()
+{
+    if (!m_btn_auto_mix || !m_btn_auto_mix->IsEnabled())
+        return;
+
+    if (m_auto_mix_popup && m_auto_mix_popup->IsShown())
+        return;
+    dismiss_auto_mix_popup();
+
+    auto on_select = [this](TextureAutoMixMode mode) {
+        set_auto_mix_mode(mode);
+    };
+    auto on_close = [this]() {
+        m_auto_mix_popup = nullptr;
+    };
+
+    auto* popup = new AutoMixSelectPopup(this, m_auto_mix_mode, m_btn_auto_mix->GetSize().x,
+                                         m_auto_mix_font_point_size,
+                                         on_select, on_close);
+    wxPoint pos = m_btn_auto_mix->ClientToScreen(wxPoint(0, m_btn_auto_mix->GetSize().y));
+    wxRect display_rect;
+    int display_idx = wxDisplay::GetFromPoint(pos);
+    if (display_idx != wxNOT_FOUND)
+        display_rect = wxDisplay(display_idx).GetClientArea();
+    else
+        display_rect = wxDisplay().GetClientArea();
+    pos.x = std::clamp(pos.x, display_rect.GetLeft(),
+                       std::max(display_rect.GetLeft(), display_rect.GetRight() - popup->GetSize().x));
+    popup->Position(pos, wxSize(0, 0));
+    popup->Bind(wxEVT_DESTROY, [this, popup](wxWindowDestroyEvent& e) {
+        e.Skip();
+        if (m_auto_mix_popup == popup)
+            m_auto_mix_popup = nullptr;
+    });
+    m_auto_mix_popup = popup;
+    popup->Popup();
+}
+
+void TextureImportDialog::dismiss_auto_mix_popup()
+{
+    if (!m_auto_mix_popup)
+        return;
+
+    AutoMixSelectPopup* popup = m_auto_mix_popup;
+    m_auto_mix_popup = nullptr;
+    if (popup->IsShown())
+        popup->Dismiss();
+    else
+        popup->Destroy();
+}
+
+void TextureImportDialog::set_auto_mix_mode(TextureAutoMixMode mode)
+{
+    m_auto_mix_mode = mode;
+    if (m_btn_auto_mix) {
+        m_btn_auto_mix->SetLabel(auto_mix_mode_label(mode));
+        m_btn_auto_mix->Refresh();
+    }
+    apply_auto_standard_mix(mode);
+}
+
+void TextureImportDialog::apply_auto_standard_mix(TextureAutoMixMode mode)
+{
+    if (m_mapping_rows.empty())
+        return;
+    m_filaments_dropped = false;
+
+    auto find_or_add_base_physical = [this](const std::string& color_hex) -> int {
+        const std::string normalized = texture_normalize_color_hex(color_hex);
+        for (const auto& entry : m_filament_entries) {
+            if (!texture_entry_is_physical(entry.kind))
+                continue;
+            if (texture_normalize_color_hex(entry.color_hex) != normalized)
+                continue;
+            if (texture_entry_is_pla_basic(entry))
+                return entry.dialog_index;
+        }
+
+        std::array<float, 4> rgba = parse_color_string(normalized);
+        int idx = add_virtual_filament(rgba, normalized, m_default_virtual_filament_preset_name);
+        if (idx >= 0 && idx < (int)m_filament_entries.size()) {
+            m_filament_entries[idx].type = DEFAULT_VIRTUAL_FILAMENT_BASIC_TYPE;
+            m_filament_entries[idx].name = DEFAULT_VIRTUAL_FILAMENT_NAME;
+        }
+        return idx;
+    };
+
+    auto find_existing_mixed = [this](const std::vector<int>& component_indices, const std::vector<int>& ratios) -> int {
+        for (const auto& entry : m_filament_entries) {
+            if (!texture_entry_is_mixed(entry.kind) || entry.mixed_components.size() != component_indices.size() ||
+                entry.mixed_ratios.size() != ratios.size())
+                continue;
+            bool same = true;
+            for (size_t i = 0; i < component_indices.size(); ++i) {
+                if (entry.mixed_components[i] != (unsigned int)(component_indices[i] + 1) ||
+                    entry.mixed_ratios[i] != ratios[i]) {
+                    same = false;
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+            if (same)
+                return entry.dialog_index;
+        }
+        return -1;
+    };
+
+    bool changed = false;
+    const auto recipe_mode = texture_recipe_mode(mode);
+    for (size_t row_index = 0; row_index < m_mapping_rows.size(); ++row_index) {
+        Slic3r::ColorDecomposeRgb target_rgb;
+        if (!Slic3r::color_decompose_hex_to_rgb(m_mapping_rows[row_index].source_hex, target_rgb))
+            continue;
+
+        auto recipe = Slic3r::lookup_standard_recipe(target_rgb, recipe_mode, DEFAULT_VIRTUAL_FILAMENT_BASIC_TYPE);
+        if (!recipe.valid || recipe.components.size() < 2)
+            continue;
+
+        std::vector<int> component_dialog_indices;
+        std::vector<int> ratios;
+        for (const auto& comp : recipe.components) {
+            int component_idx = find_or_add_base_physical(comp.color_hex);
+            if (component_idx < 0) {
+                component_dialog_indices.clear();
+                break;
+            }
+            component_dialog_indices.push_back(component_idx);
+            ratios.push_back(comp.ratio);
+        }
+        if (component_dialog_indices.size() < 2 || component_dialog_indices.size() != ratios.size())
+            continue;
+
+        int mixed_idx = find_existing_mixed(component_dialog_indices, ratios);
+        if (mixed_idx < 0)
+            mixed_idx = add_virtual_mixed_filament(recipe.matched_color_hex, component_dialog_indices, ratios);
+        if (mixed_idx < 0)
+            continue;
+
+        m_mapping_rows[row_index].target_filament_idx = mixed_idx;
+        if (row_index < m_current_matches.size()) {
+            m_current_matches[row_index].filament_index = mixed_idx;
+            m_current_matches[row_index].filament_color = m_filament_colors_rgba[mixed_idx];
+            m_current_matches[row_index].delta_e = Slic3r::compute_delta_e(
+                m_current_matches[row_index].cluster_color, m_current_matches[row_index].filament_color);
+            if (mixed_idx >= (int)m_existing_filament_count)
+                m_current_matches[row_index].delta_e = 0.0;
+        }
+        changed = true;
+    }
+
+    if (!changed)
+        return;
+
+    m_auto_mix_applied = true;
+    compact_used_virtual_filaments();
+    update_filament_color_map();
+    rebuild_mapping_rows();
+    update_drop_warning_visibility();
+    update_auto_mix_reset_visibility();
+}
+
+void TextureImportDialog::reset_auto_mix()
+{
+    if (m_state != TextureImportState::Ready || !m_auto_mix_applied)
+        return;
+
+    dismiss_auto_mix_popup();
+
+    // Clear mixed filament references so the compact inside do_auto_match()
+    // removes them (and their exclusively-owned base physicals) from the
+    // filament arrays, giving the baseline matching a clean starting state.
+    for (auto& m : m_current_matches) {
+        if (m.filament_index >= 0 && m.filament_index < (int)m_filament_entries.size() &&
+            texture_entry_is_mixed(m_filament_entries[m.filament_index].kind)) {
+            m.filament_index = -1;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Re-run the baseline auto-match (same flow as the auto-merge toggle) so the
+    // mapping reverts to the pre-mix state: every colour matches an existing
+    // physical filament or a virtual physical filament, with no mixed filaments.
+    const auto previous_matches = m_current_matches;
+    do_auto_match();
+    restore_current_match_order(previous_matches);
+    compact_used_virtual_filaments();
+    update_filament_color_map();
+    rebuild_mapping_rows();
+    update_drop_warning_visibility();
+    update_auto_mix_reset_visibility();
+}
+
+void TextureImportDialog::update_auto_mix_reset_visibility()
+{
+    if (!m_btn_mix_reset)
+        return;
+    if (m_btn_mix_reset->Show(m_auto_mix_applied)) {
+        if (wxWindow* parent = m_btn_mix_reset->GetParent())
+            parent->Layout();
+    }
+}
+
+bool TextureImportDialog::add_decomposed_mixed_filament(size_t row_index)
+{
+    if (row_index >= m_mapping_rows.size())
+        return false;
+
+    std::vector<std::string> physical_colors;
+    std::vector<std::string> physical_names;
+    std::vector<std::string> physical_types;
+    std::vector<int> physical_dialog_indices;
+    std::vector<size_t> physical_config_indices;
+    auto& preset_bundle = *wxGetApp().preset_bundle;
+    for (const auto& entry : m_filament_entries) {
+        if (entry.kind != TextureFilamentKind::ExistingPhysical)
+            continue;
+        physical_colors.push_back(entry.color_hex);
+        physical_names.push_back(entry.name);
+        const size_t cfg_idx = entry.project_config_index;
+        Preset* preset = nullptr;
+        if (cfg_idx < preset_bundle.filament_presets.size())
+            preset = preset_bundle.filaments.find_preset(preset_bundle.filament_presets[cfg_idx]);
+        physical_types.push_back(filament_type_for_color_decompose(preset));
+        physical_dialog_indices.push_back(entry.dialog_index);
+        physical_config_indices.push_back(cfg_idx);
+    }
+    if (physical_colors.empty())
+        return false;
+
+    wxColour target(m_mapping_rows[row_index].source_hex);
+    ColorDecomposeDialog dlg(this, -1, target, physical_colors, physical_names, physical_types,
+                             m_filament_entries.size(), max_filament_count(),
+                             std::move(physical_config_indices));
+    // Count "new physical filaments" with the exact reuse rule of the write-back
+    // loop below: a base color is only new if no existing OR virtual official
+    // Bambu Basic filament already carries that color. This keeps the dialog's
+    // filament-limit pre-check consistent with what add_decomposed_mixed_filament
+    // will actually create, so already-present virtual base colors are not
+    // double counted (which previously could wrongly disable OK).
+    dlg.set_missing_physical_calculator([this](const ColorDecomposeResult& result) -> size_t {
+        size_t missing = 0;
+        for (const DecomposeComponent& comp : result.components) {
+            if (comp.filament_index > 0)
+                continue; // reuses a physical slot passed to the dialog, no new filament
+            const std::string comp_hex = texture_normalize_color_hex(
+                comp.colour.GetAsString(wxC2S_HTML_SYNTAX).ToStdString());
+            bool found = false;
+            for (const auto& entry : m_filament_entries) {
+                if (!texture_entry_is_physical(entry.kind))
+                    continue;
+                if (texture_normalize_color_hex(entry.color_hex) != comp_hex)
+                    continue;
+                if (texture_entry_official_basic(entry)) {
+                    found = true;
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+            if (!found)
+                ++missing;
+        }
+        return missing;
+    });
+    if (dlg.ShowModal() != wxID_OK)
+        return false;
+
+    ColorDecomposeResult result = dlg.get_result();
+    std::vector<int> component_dialog_indices;
+    std::vector<int> ratios;
+    for (const DecomposeComponent& comp : result.components) {
+        ratios.push_back(comp.ratio);
+        if (comp.filament_index > 0) {
+            const size_t physical_idx = (size_t)(comp.filament_index - 1);
+            if (physical_idx >= physical_dialog_indices.size())
+                return false;
+            component_dialog_indices.push_back(physical_dialog_indices[physical_idx]);
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        const std::string comp_hex = texture_normalize_color_hex(comp.colour.GetAsString(wxC2S_HTML_SYNTAX).ToStdString());
+        int existing_idx = -1;
+        for (const auto& entry : m_filament_entries) {
+            if (!texture_entry_is_physical(entry.kind))
+                continue;
+            if (texture_normalize_color_hex(entry.color_hex) != comp_hex)
+                continue;
+            if (texture_entry_official_basic(entry)) {
+                existing_idx = entry.dialog_index;
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+        if (existing_idx < 0) {
+            std::array<float, 4> rgba = parse_color_string(comp_hex);
+            existing_idx = add_virtual_filament(rgba, comp_hex);
+            if (existing_idx < 0)
+                return false;
+        }
+        component_dialog_indices.push_back(existing_idx);
+    }
+
+    if (component_dialog_indices.size() < 2 || component_dialog_indices.size() != ratios.size())
+        return false;
+
+    const std::string mixed_hex = texture_normalize_color_hex(
+        result.matched_color.GetAsString(wxC2S_HTML_SYNTAX).ToStdString());
+    int mixed_idx = add_virtual_mixed_filament(mixed_hex, component_dialog_indices, ratios);
+    if (mixed_idx < 0)
+        return false;
+
+    m_mapping_rows[row_index].target_filament_idx = mixed_idx;
+    if (row_index < m_current_matches.size())
+        m_current_matches[row_index].filament_index = mixed_idx;
+    rebuild_mapping_rows();
+    update_filament_color_map();
+    return true;
+}
+
+void TextureImportDialog::dismiss_filament_popup_on_wheel(wxMouseEvent& evt)
+{
+    dismiss_filament_popup();
+    dismiss_auto_mix_popup();
+    evt.Skip();
+}
+
+void TextureImportDialog::show_filament_popup(size_t row_index)
+{
+    if (row_index >= m_mapping_rows.size()) return;
+
+    if (m_skip_next_filament_popup_row == (int)row_index) {
+        m_skip_next_filament_popup_row = -1;
+        return;
+    }
+
+    if (m_filament_popup && m_filament_popup->IsShown()) {
+        if (m_filament_popup_row == (int)row_index) {
+            dismiss_filament_popup();
+            return;
+        }
+        dismiss_filament_popup();
+    }
+
+    auto on_select = [this, row_index](int idx) {
+        if (row_index >= m_mapping_rows.size()) return;
+        m_mapping_rows[row_index].target_filament_idx = idx;
+        if (row_index < m_current_matches.size())
+            m_current_matches[row_index].filament_index = idx;
+        if (m_mapping_rows[row_index].target_panel) {
+            wxString label = (idx >= 0 && idx < (int)m_filament_names.size())
+                ? filament_name_to_wx_string(m_filament_names[idx])
+                : wxString::Format("Filament %d", idx + 1);
+            m_mapping_rows[row_index].target_panel->SetToolTip(label);
+            m_mapping_rows[row_index].target_panel->Refresh();
+        }
+        update_filament_color_map();
+    };
+
+    auto on_add_filament = [this, row_index](wxColour clr) {
+        std::array<float, 4> rgba = {clr.Red() / 255.f, clr.Green() / 255.f,
+                                     clr.Blue() / 255.f, 1.0f};
+        std::string hex = wxString::Format("#%02X%02X%02X",
+            clr.Red(), clr.Green(), clr.Blue()).ToStdString();
+        int new_idx = add_virtual_filament(rgba, hex);
+        if (new_idx < 0)
+            return;
+
+        if (row_index < m_mapping_rows.size()) {
+            m_mapping_rows[row_index].target_filament_idx = new_idx;
+            if (row_index < m_current_matches.size())
+                m_current_matches[row_index].filament_index = new_idx;
+        }
+        rebuild_mapping_rows();
+        update_filament_color_map();
+    };
+
+    auto on_decompose_color = [this, row_index]() {
+        CallAfter([this, row_index]() {
+            add_decomposed_mixed_filament(row_index);
+        });
+    };
+
+    wxPanel* tp = m_mapping_rows[row_index].target_panel;
+    if (!tp) return;
+
+    auto on_close = [this, row_index](bool closed_by_action) {
+        if (m_filament_popup_row == (int)row_index) {
+            m_filament_popup = nullptr;
+            m_filament_popup_row = -1;
+        }
+        if (!closed_by_action) {
+            m_skip_next_filament_popup_row = (int)row_index;
+            CallAfter([this, row_index]() {
+                if (m_skip_next_filament_popup_row == (int)row_index)
+                    m_skip_next_filament_popup_row = -1;
+            });
+        }
+    };
+
+    auto* popup = new FilamentSelectPopup(
+        this, m_filament_entries, m_filament_colors_rgba, m_filament_names,
+        m_existing_filament_count, tp->GetSize().x, tp, on_select, on_add_filament,
+        on_decompose_color,
+        [this]() { return can_add_virtual_filament(); },
+        on_close);
+
+    wxPoint pos = tp->ClientToScreen(wxPoint(0, tp->GetSize().y));
+    wxRect display_rect;
+    int display_idx = wxDisplay::GetFromPoint(pos);
+    if (display_idx != wxNOT_FOUND)
+        display_rect = wxDisplay(display_idx).GetClientArea();
+    else
+        display_rect = wxDisplay().GetClientArea();
+    pos.x = std::clamp(pos.x, display_rect.GetLeft(),
+                       std::max(display_rect.GetLeft(), display_rect.GetRight() - popup->GetSize().x));
+    popup->Position(pos, wxSize(0, 0));
+    popup->Bind(wxEVT_DESTROY, [this, popup](wxWindowDestroyEvent& e) {
+        e.Skip();
+        if (m_filament_popup == popup) {
+            m_filament_popup = nullptr;
+            m_filament_popup_row = -1;
+        }
+    });
+    m_filament_popup = popup;
+    m_filament_popup_row = (int)row_index;
+    popup->Popup();
+}
+
+void TextureImportDialog::do_auto_match()
+{
+    if (m_painted.cluster_colors.empty()) return;
+
+    // do_auto_match() always rebuilds the baseline mapping without any mixed
+    // filaments, so it is the common entry for every "revert one-click mix"
+    // path. Clear the applied flag here; callers refresh the reset button.
+    m_auto_mix_applied = false;
+
+    // Reset the "filaments were dropped" flag at the start of every run, so it
+    // strictly reflects what happens during *this* match (no historical
+    // accumulation). add_virtual_filament() will flip it back to true if and
+    // only if it hits the global filament cap below.
+    m_filaments_dropped = false;
+
+    // Drop any virtual filaments left over from previous match runs that the
+    // current m_current_matches no longer references. Without this, the
+    // residual virtual filaments inflate m_filament_colors_rgba.size() at the
+    // entry of this match, which can make add_virtual_filament() fail (and
+    // wrongly flip m_filaments_dropped to true) even when the *real* count
+    // of needed virtual filaments for this run is well below the global cap.
+    // This is purely a state cleanup; it does not change any mapping rule.
+    compact_used_virtual_filaments();
+
+    const auto previous_matches = m_current_matches;
+
+    std::map<std::array<std::size_t, 3>, int> previous_virtual_by_cluster;
+    for (const auto& match : previous_matches) {
+        if (match.filament_index >= (int)m_existing_filament_count &&
+            match.filament_index < (int)m_filament_entries.size() &&
+            texture_entry_is_physical(m_filament_entries[match.filament_index].kind)) {
+            previous_virtual_by_cluster[match.cluster_color] = match.filament_index;
+        }
+    }
+
+    auto find_virtual_filament_by_color = [this](const std::array<std::size_t, 3>& color) -> int {
+        std::string hex = rgb_to_hex(color).ToStdString();
+        for (size_t i = m_existing_filament_count; i < m_filament_color_strs.size(); ++i) {
+            if (m_filament_color_strs[i] == hex &&
+                i < m_filament_entries.size() && texture_entry_is_physical(m_filament_entries[i].kind))
+                return (int)i;
+        }
+        return -1;
+    };
+
+    auto get_or_add_virtual_filament = [this, &previous_virtual_by_cluster, &find_virtual_filament_by_color](
+        const std::array<std::size_t, 3>& color) -> int {
+        auto previous_it = previous_virtual_by_cluster.find(color);
+        if (previous_it != previous_virtual_by_cluster.end() &&
+            previous_it->second >= (int)m_existing_filament_count &&
+            previous_it->second < (int)m_filament_colors_rgba.size()) {
+            return previous_it->second;
+        }
+
+        int existing_idx = find_virtual_filament_by_color(color);
+        if (existing_idx >= 0)
+            return existing_idx;
+
+        std::array<float, 4> rgba = {
+            color[0] / 255.f,
+            color[1] / 255.f,
+            color[2] / 255.f,
+            1.f
+        };
+        return add_virtual_filament(rgba, rgb_to_hex(color).ToStdString());
+    };
+
+    if (m_auto_merge_cb && m_auto_merge_cb->GetValue()) {
+        // Match clusters to closest existing filaments
+        std::vector<std::string> names;
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < m_existing_filament_count; ++i)
+            names.push_back(m_filament_names.size() > i ? m_filament_names[i] : "Filament " + std::to_string(i + 1));
+
+        std::vector<std::array<float, 4>> existing_filament_colors(
+            m_filament_colors_rgba.begin(),
+            m_filament_colors_rgba.begin() + std::min(m_existing_filament_count, m_filament_colors_rgba.size()));
+
+        m_current_matches = Slic3r::match_clusters_to_filaments(
+            m_painted.cluster_colors, existing_filament_colors, names);
+
+        // For clusters with poor match (CIEDE2000 ΔE > 5), create virtual filaments.
+        constexpr double NEW_FILAMENT_THRESHOLD = 5.0;
+        std::map<std::array<std::size_t, 3>, int> virtual_color_index;
+
+        for (auto& m : m_current_matches) {
+            if (m.delta_e <= NEW_FILAMENT_THRESHOLD)
+                continue;
+
+            auto it = virtual_color_index.find(m.cluster_color);
+            if (it != virtual_color_index.end()) {
+                m.filament_index = it->second;
+            } else {
+                int new_idx = get_or_add_virtual_filament(m.cluster_color);
+                if (new_idx >= 0)
+                    virtual_color_index[m.cluster_color] = new_idx;
+                m.filament_index = new_idx >= 0 ? new_idx : find_closest_filament_index(m.cluster_color);
+            }
+            if (m.filament_index >= 0 && m.filament_index < (int)m_filament_colors_rgba.size()) {
+                m.filament_color = m_filament_colors_rgba[m.filament_index];
+                m.delta_e = Slic3r::compute_delta_e(m.cluster_color, m.filament_color);
+                if (m.filament_index >= (int)m_existing_filament_count)
+                    m.delta_e = 0.0;
+            }
+        }
+    } else {
+        // Keep all virtual filaments in this dialog; unused ones are pruned only on OK.
+        m_current_matches.clear();
+        std::map<std::array<std::size_t, 3>, int> virtual_map;
+
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < m_painted.cluster_colors.size(); ++i) {
+            const auto& cc = m_painted.cluster_colors[i];
+            Slic3r::FilamentMatch fm;
+            fm.cluster_index = (int)i;
+            fm.cluster_color = cc;
+
+            auto it = virtual_map.find(cc);
+            if (it != virtual_map.end()) {
+                fm.filament_index = it->second;
+            } else {
+                int idx = get_or_add_virtual_filament(cc);
+                if (idx >= 0)
+                    virtual_map[cc] = idx;
+                fm.filament_index = idx >= 0 ? idx : find_closest_filament_index(cc);
+            }
+            if (fm.filament_index >= 0 && fm.filament_index < (int)m_filament_colors_rgba.size()) {
+                fm.filament_color = m_filament_colors_rgba[fm.filament_index];
+                fm.delta_e = Slic3r::compute_delta_e(fm.cluster_color, fm.filament_color);
+                if (fm.filament_index >= (int)m_existing_filament_count)
+                    fm.delta_e = 0.0;
+            }
+            m_current_matches.push_back(fm);
+        }
+    }
+
+    update_filament_color_map();
+}
+
+void TextureImportDialog::rebuild_mapping_rows()
+{
+    m_mapping_scroll->Freeze();
+    m_mapping_sizer->Clear(true);
+    m_mapping_rows.clear();
+
+    if (m_current_matches.empty()) {
+        m_mapping_scroll->FitInside();
+        m_mapping_scroll->Thaw();
+        return;
+    }
+
+    auto get_target_wxcolor = [this](int idx) -> wxColour {
+        if (idx >= 0 && idx < (int)m_filament_colors_rgba.size()) {
+            const auto& c = m_filament_colors_rgba[idx];
+            return wxColour((unsigned char)(c[0] * 255.f),
+                            (unsigned char)(c[1] * 255.f),
+                            (unsigned char)(c[2] * 255.f));
+        }
+        return wxColour(128, 128, 128);
+    };
+
+    auto get_filament_label = [this](int idx) -> wxString {
+        if (idx >= 0 && idx < (int)m_filament_names.size())
+            return filament_name_to_wx_string(m_filament_names[idx]);
+        return wxString::Format("Filament %d", idx + 1);
+    };
+
+    const wxColour dash_clr   = dark_or(wxColour(179, 179, 179), wxColour(100, 100, 106));
+    const wxColour hex_fg     = texture_import_text_colour();
+    const wxColour card_bg    = dark_or(wxColour(235, 235, 235), wxColour(0x3C, 0x3C, 0x42));
+    const wxColour card_bd    = dark_or(wxColour(224, 224, 224), wxColour(0x46, 0x46, 0x4C));
+    const wxColour name_fg    = texture_import_text_colour();
+    const wxColour chev_clr   = dark_or(wxColour(107, 107, 107), wxColour(0xB3, 0xB3, 0xB5));
+
+    m_mapping_rows.resize(m_current_matches.size());
+    for (size_t ci = 0; ci < m_current_matches.size(); ++ci) {
+        auto& row = m_mapping_rows[ci];
+        row.cluster_id = m_current_matches[ci].cluster_index;
+        row.source_color = m_current_matches[ci].cluster_color;
+        row.source_hex = rgb_to_hex(row.source_color).ToStdString();
+        row.target_filament_idx = m_current_matches[ci].filament_index;
+
+        wxColour src_wx_color(
+            (unsigned char)row.source_color[0],
+            (unsigned char)row.source_color[1],
+            (unsigned char)row.source_color[2]);
+
+        // --- Row container ---
+        wxPanel* row_panel = new wxPanel(m_mapping_scroll, wxID_ANY);
+        row_panel->SetBackgroundColour(m_mapping_scroll->GetBackgroundColour());
+        row_panel->Bind(wxEVT_MOUSEWHEEL, &TextureImportDialog::dismiss_filament_popup_on_wheel, this);
+        wxBoxSizer* row_sizer = new wxBoxSizer(wxHORIZONTAL);
+
+        // --- Source card (dashed border, circle + hex) ---
+        const int src_w = FromDIP(138);
+        const int target_min_w = FromDIP(239);
+        const int row_h = FromDIP(44);
+        row.source_panel = new wxPanel(row_panel, wxID_ANY, wxDefaultPosition, wxSize(src_w, row_h),
+                                       wxTAB_TRAVERSAL | wxFULL_REPAINT_ON_RESIZE);
+        row.source_panel->SetMinSize(wxSize(src_w, row_h));
+        row.source_panel->SetMaxSize(wxSize(src_w, row_h));
+        row.source_panel->SetBackgroundStyle(wxBG_STYLE_PAINT);
+
+        row.source_panel->Bind(wxEVT_PAINT, [this, ci, src_wx_color, dash_clr, hex_fg](wxPaintEvent& e) {
+            auto* p = static_cast<wxPanel*>(e.GetEventObject());
+            wxAutoBufferedPaintDC dc(p);
+            wxSize sz = p->GetClientSize();
+
+            dc.SetBrush(wxBrush(p->GetParent()->GetBackgroundColour()));
+            dc.SetPen(*wxTRANSPARENT_PEN);
+            dc.DrawRectangle(0, 0, sz.x, sz.y);
+
+            wxPen dash_pen(dash_clr, 1, wxPENSTYLE_SHORT_DASH);
+            dc.SetPen(dash_pen);
+            dc.SetBrush(wxBrush(p->GetParent()->GetBackgroundColour()));
+            int r = p->FromDIP(8);
+            dc.DrawRoundedRectangle(0, 0, sz.x, sz.y, r);
+
+            // Color circle 24px
+            int cd = p->FromDIP(24);
+            int cx = p->FromDIP(10);
+            int cy = (sz.y - cd) / 2;
+            dc.SetPen(*wxTRANSPARENT_PEN);
+            dc.SetBrush(wxBrush(src_wx_color));
+            dc.DrawEllipse(cx, cy, cd, cd);
+            draw_filament_swatch_ellipse_border(dc, src_wx_color, cx, cy, cd, cd);
+
+            if (ci < m_mapping_rows.size()) {
+                wxFont hex_font = p->GetFont();
+                hex_font.SetPointSize(9);
+                dc.SetFont(hex_font);
+                dc.SetTextForeground(hex_fg);
+                wxString hex_str = wxString::Format("# %s", m_mapping_rows[ci].source_hex.substr(1));
+                wxSize tsz = dc.GetTextExtent(hex_str);
+                dc.DrawText(hex_str, cx + cd + p->FromDIP(6), (sz.y - tsz.y) / 2);
+            }
+        });
+        row.source_panel->Bind(wxEVT_SIZE, [](wxSizeEvent& e) {
+            e.Skip();
+            static_cast<wxWindow*>(e.GetEventObject())->Refresh();
+        });
+        row.source_panel->Bind(wxEVT_MOUSEWHEEL, &TextureImportDialog::dismiss_filament_popup_on_wheel, this);
+
+        row_sizer->Add(row.source_panel, 0, wxEXPAND);
+
+        // --- Arrow panel (dashed arrow) ---
+        const int arrow_w = FromDIP(24);
+        wxPanel* arrow_panel = new wxPanel(row_panel, wxID_ANY, wxDefaultPosition, wxSize(arrow_w, row_h));
+        arrow_panel->SetMinSize(wxSize(arrow_w, row_h));
+        arrow_panel->SetMaxSize(wxSize(arrow_w, row_h));
+        arrow_panel->SetBackgroundStyle(wxBG_STYLE_PAINT);
+        arrow_panel->Bind(wxEVT_MOUSEWHEEL, &TextureImportDialog::dismiss_filament_popup_on_wheel, this);
+        arrow_panel->Bind(wxEVT_PAINT, [dash_clr](wxPaintEvent& e) {
+            auto* p = static_cast<wxPanel*>(e.GetEventObject());
+            wxAutoBufferedPaintDC dc(p);
+            wxSize sz = p->GetClientSize();
+
+            dc.SetBrush(wxBrush(p->GetParent()->GetBackgroundColour()));
+            dc.SetPen(*wxTRANSPARENT_PEN);
+            dc.DrawRectangle(0, 0, sz.x, sz.y);
+
+            int mid_y = sz.y / 2;
+            int margin = p->FromDIP(2);
+            int arrow_tip = sz.x - margin;
+            int arrow_start = margin;
+
+            wxPen dash_pen(dash_clr, p->FromDIP(1), wxPENSTYLE_SHORT_DASH);
+            dc.SetPen(dash_pen);
+            dc.DrawLine(arrow_start, mid_y, arrow_tip - p->FromDIP(4), mid_y);
+
+            int ah = p->FromDIP(4);
+            wxPoint tri[3] = {
+                {arrow_tip, mid_y},
+                {arrow_tip - ah, mid_y - ah / 2},
+                {arrow_tip - ah, mid_y + ah / 2}
+            };
+            dc.SetPen(*wxTRANSPARENT_PEN);
+            dc.SetBrush(wxBrush(dash_clr));
+            dc.DrawPolygon(3, tri);
+        });
+
+        row_sizer->Add(arrow_panel, 0, wxALIGN_CENTER_VERTICAL | wxLEFT | wxRIGHT, FromDIP(4));
+
+        // --- Target card (numbered square + material name + chevron) ---
+        row.target_panel = new wxPanel(row_panel, wxID_ANY, wxDefaultPosition, wxSize(-1, row_h),
+                                       wxTAB_TRAVERSAL | wxFULL_REPAINT_ON_RESIZE);
+        row.target_panel->SetMinSize(wxSize(target_min_w, row_h));
+        row.target_panel->SetToolTip(get_filament_label(row.target_filament_idx));
+        row.target_panel->SetBackgroundStyle(wxBG_STYLE_PAINT);
+        row.target_panel->SetCursor(wxCursor(wxCURSOR_HAND));
+
+        row.target_panel->Bind(wxEVT_PAINT, [this, ci, get_target_wxcolor, get_filament_label,
+                                              card_bg, card_bd, name_fg, chev_clr](wxPaintEvent& e) {
+            auto* p = static_cast<wxPanel*>(e.GetEventObject());
+            wxAutoBufferedPaintDC dc(p);
+            wxSize sz = p->GetClientSize();
+
+            dc.SetBrush(wxBrush(p->GetParent()->GetBackgroundColour()));
+            dc.SetPen(*wxTRANSPARENT_PEN);
+            dc.DrawRectangle(0, 0, sz.x, sz.y);
+
+            if (ci >= m_mapping_rows.size()) return;
+            int fil_idx = m_mapping_rows[ci].target_filament_idx;
+
+            int r = p->FromDIP(8);
+            dc.SetBrush(wxBrush(card_bg));
+            dc.SetPen(wxPen(card_bd, 1));
+            dc.DrawRoundedRectangle(0, 0, sz.x, sz.y, r);
+
+            if (fil_idx >= 0 && fil_idx < (int)m_filament_entries.size() &&
+                texture_entry_is_mixed(m_filament_entries[fil_idx].kind)) {
+                const TextureFilamentEntry& entry = m_filament_entries[fil_idx];
+                wxFont mixed_font = p->GetFont();
+                mixed_font.SetPointSize(10);
+                dc.SetFont(mixed_font);
+
+                int x = p->FromDIP(10);
+                const int sw = p->FromDIP(28);
+                const int sw_r = p->FromDIP(6);
+                const int sw_y = (sz.y - sw) / 2;
+                for (size_t mi = 0; mi < entry.mixed_components.size() && mi < entry.mixed_ratios.size(); ++mi) {
+                    if (mi > 0) {
+                        dc.SetTextForeground(name_fg);
+                        wxString plus = "+";
+                        wxSize psz = dc.GetTextExtent(plus);
+                        dc.DrawText(plus, x, (sz.y - psz.y) / 2);
+                        x += psz.x + p->FromDIP(4);
+                    }
+
+                    const unsigned int comp_id = entry.mixed_components[mi];
+                    const int comp_idx = comp_id >= 1 ? (int)comp_id - 1 : -1;
+                    wxColour comp_clr("#D9D9D9");
+                    if (comp_idx >= 0 && comp_idx < (int)m_filament_colors_rgba.size()) {
+                        const auto& c = m_filament_colors_rgba[comp_idx];
+                        comp_clr = wxColour((unsigned char)(c[0] * 255.f),
+                                            (unsigned char)(c[1] * 255.f),
+                                            (unsigned char)(c[2] * 255.f));
+                    }
+
+                    dc.SetPen(*wxTRANSPARENT_PEN);
+                    dc.SetBrush(wxBrush(comp_clr));
+                    dc.DrawRoundedRectangle(x, sw_y, sw, sw, sw_r);
+                    draw_filament_swatch_border(dc, comp_clr, x, sw_y, sw, sw, sw_r);
+
+                    wxString num_str = wxString::Format("%u", comp_id);
+                    wxSize nsz = dc.GetTextExtent(num_str);
+                    dc.SetTextForeground(comp_clr.GetLuminance() < 0.6 ? *wxWHITE : texture_import_gray9000());
+                    dc.DrawText(num_str, x + (sw - nsz.x) / 2, sw_y + (sw - nsz.y) / 2);
+                    x += sw + p->FromDIP(5);
+
+                    dc.SetTextForeground(name_fg);
+                    wxString pct = wxString::Format("%d%%", entry.mixed_ratios[mi]);
+                    wxSize pct_sz = dc.GetTextExtent(pct);
+                    dc.DrawText(pct, x, (sz.y - pct_sz.y) / 2);
+                    x += pct_sz.x + p->FromDIP(5);
+                    if (x > sz.x - p->FromDIP(34))
+                        break;
+                }
+
+                int chev_cx = sz.x - p->FromDIP(14);
+                int chev_cy = sz.y / 2;
+                int hw = p->FromDIP(3);
+                int hh = p->FromDIP(2);
+                dc.SetPen(wxPen(chev_clr, p->FromDIP(1) > 0 ? p->FromDIP(1) : 1));
+                dc.DrawLine(chev_cx - hw, chev_cy - hh, chev_cx, chev_cy + hh);
+                dc.DrawLine(chev_cx, chev_cy + hh, chev_cx + hw, chev_cy - hh);
+                return;
+            }
+
+            // Numbered color square 32x32, rounded 6px
+            int sq = p->FromDIP(32);
+            int sq_x = p->FromDIP(6);
+            int sq_y = (sz.y - sq) / 2;
+            int sq_r = p->FromDIP(6);
+            wxColour fil_clr = get_target_wxcolor(fil_idx);
+            dc.SetPen(*wxTRANSPARENT_PEN);
+            dc.SetBrush(wxBrush(fil_clr));
+            dc.DrawRoundedRectangle(sq_x, sq_y, sq, sq, sq_r);
+            draw_filament_swatch_border(dc, fil_clr, sq_x, sq_y, sq, sq, sq_r);
+
+            {
+                wxFont num_font = p->GetFont();
+                num_font.SetPointSize(10);
+                dc.SetFont(num_font);
+                dc.SetTextForeground(fil_clr.GetLuminance() < 0.6 ? *wxWHITE : texture_import_gray9000());
+                wxString num_str = wxString::Format("%d", fil_idx + 1);
+                wxSize nsz = dc.GetTextExtent(num_str);
+                dc.DrawText(num_str, sq_x + (sq - nsz.x) / 2, sq_y + (sq - nsz.y) / 2);
+            }
+
+            // Brand icon + material name
+            {
+                wxFont name_font = p->GetFont();
+                name_font.SetPointSize(9);
+                dc.SetFont(name_font);
+                dc.SetTextForeground(name_fg);
+                wxString name_str = get_filament_label(fil_idx);
+                int text_x = draw_brand_icon_and_strip(dc, p, name_str, sq_x + sq + p->FromDIP(8), sz.y / 2);
+                int max_text_w = sz.x - text_x - p->FromDIP(24);
+                if (max_text_w > 0) {
+                    name_str = ellipsize_text(dc, name_str, max_text_w);
+                    wxSize tsz = dc.GetTextExtent(name_str);
+                    dc.DrawText(name_str, text_x, (sz.y - tsz.y) / 2);
+                }
+            }
+
+            // Dropdown chevron at right edge
+            {
+                int chev_cx = sz.x - p->FromDIP(14);
+                int chev_cy = sz.y / 2;
+                int hw = p->FromDIP(3);
+                int hh = p->FromDIP(2);
+                dc.SetPen(wxPen(chev_clr, p->FromDIP(1) > 0 ? p->FromDIP(1) : 1));
+                dc.DrawLine(chev_cx - hw, chev_cy - hh, chev_cx, chev_cy + hh);
+                dc.DrawLine(chev_cx, chev_cy + hh, chev_cx + hw, chev_cy - hh);
+            }
+        });
+
+        row.target_panel->Bind(wxEVT_LEFT_DOWN, [this, ci](wxMouseEvent&) {
+            show_filament_popup(ci);
+        });
+        row.target_panel->Bind(wxEVT_SIZE, [](wxSizeEvent& e) {
+            e.Skip();
+            static_cast<wxWindow*>(e.GetEventObject())->Refresh();
+        });
+        row.target_panel->Bind(wxEVT_MOUSEWHEEL, &TextureImportDialog::dismiss_filament_popup_on_wheel, this);
+
+        row_sizer->Add(row.target_panel, 1, wxEXPAND);
+
+        row_panel->SetSizer(row_sizer);
+        m_mapping_sizer->Add(row_panel, 0, wxEXPAND | wxBOTTOM, FromDIP(12));
+    }
+
+    m_mapping_scroll->FitInside();
+    m_mapping_scroll->Layout();
+    m_mapping_scroll->Thaw();
+}
+
+std::vector<Slic3r::FilamentMatch> TextureImportDialog::build_matches_from_rows() const
+{
+    std::vector<Slic3r::FilamentMatch> matches(m_mapping_rows.size());
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < m_mapping_rows.size(); ++i) {
+        auto& m = matches[i];
+        m.cluster_index = m_mapping_rows[i].cluster_id;
+        m.cluster_color = m_mapping_rows[i].source_color;
+
+        int sel = m_mapping_rows[i].target_filament_idx;
+        if (sel >= 0 && sel < (int)m_filament_colors_rgba.size()) {
+            m.filament_index = sel;
+            m.filament_color = m_filament_colors_rgba[sel];
+            m.delta_e = Slic3r::compute_delta_e(m.cluster_color, m.filament_color);
+        }
+    }
+    return matches;
+}
+
+// ---- Event handlers ----
+
+void TextureImportDialog::update_color_count_preset_buttons()
+{
+    if (m_btn_color_4)  m_btn_color_4->SetValue(m_param_color_count == 4);
+    if (m_btn_color_8)  m_btn_color_8->SetValue(m_param_color_count == 8);
+    if (m_btn_color_16) m_btn_color_16->SetValue(m_param_color_count == 16);
+}
+
+void TextureImportDialog::set_color_count_value(int value, bool update_spin)
+{
+    m_param_color_count = std::clamp(value, 1, (int)max_filament_count());
+    m_color_slider->SetValue(m_param_color_count);
+    if (update_spin)
+        m_color_spin->SetValue(m_param_color_count);
+    update_color_count_preset_buttons();
+    update_confirm_button_state();
+}
+
+void TextureImportDialog::set_smooth_value(int value, bool update_spin)
+{
+    m_param_smooth = std::clamp(value, 0, 10);
+    m_smooth_slider->SetValue(m_param_smooth);
+    if (update_spin)
+        m_smooth_spin->SetValue(m_param_smooth);
+    update_confirm_button_state();
+}
+
+void TextureImportDialog::preview_spin_text_value(SpinInput* spin, GreenSlider* slider, int& param,
+                                                  int min_value, int max_value, const wxString& text,
+                                                  std::function<void()> on_value_changed)
+{
+    long value;
+    if (!text.ToLong(&value))
+        return;
+
+    wxTextCtrl* tc = spin->GetTextCtrl();
+    long parsed = value;
+    value = std::clamp((int)parsed, min_value, max_value);
+
+    wxString normalized = text;
+    if (parsed > max_value || (text.length() > 1 && text[0] == '0'))
+        normalized = wxString::Format("%ld", value);
+
+    if (normalized != text) {
+        long pos = tc->GetInsertionPoint();
+        tc->ChangeValue(normalized);
+        if (parsed > max_value)
+            tc->SetInsertionPointEnd();
+        else
+            tc->SetInsertionPoint(std::min<long>(normalized.length(), std::max(0L, pos - 1)));
+    }
+
+    param = (int)value;
+    slider->SetValue(param);
+    if (on_value_changed)
+        on_value_changed();
+    update_confirm_button_state();
+}
+
+void TextureImportDialog::on_color_preset_clicked(wxCommandEvent& evt)
+{
+    int id = evt.GetId();
+    int color_count = m_param_color_count;
+    if (id == ID_COLOR_4)  { color_count = 4; }
+    if (id == ID_COLOR_8)  { color_count = 8; }
+    if (id == ID_COLOR_16) { color_count = 16; }
+
+    if (id == ID_COLOR_AUTO) {
+        start_computation(true);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    set_color_count_value(color_count, true);
+}
+
+void TextureImportDialog::on_color_slider_changed(wxCommandEvent&)
+{
+    set_color_count_value(m_color_slider->GetValue(), true);
+}
+
+void TextureImportDialog::on_color_spin_changed(wxCommandEvent&)
+{
+    set_color_count_value(m_color_spin->GetValue(), true);
+}
+
+void TextureImportDialog::on_color_spin_text_changed(wxCommandEvent& evt)
+{
+    preview_spin_text_value(m_color_spin, m_color_slider, m_param_color_count,
+                            1, (int)max_filament_count(), evt.GetString(),
+                            [this]() { update_color_count_preset_buttons(); });
+}
+
+void TextureImportDialog::on_smooth_slider_changed(wxCommandEvent&)
+{
+    set_smooth_value(m_smooth_slider->GetValue(), true);
+}
+
+void TextureImportDialog::on_smooth_spin_changed(wxCommandEvent&)
+{
+    set_smooth_value(m_smooth_spin->GetValue(), true);
+}
+
+void TextureImportDialog::on_smooth_spin_text_changed(wxCommandEvent& evt)
+{
+    preview_spin_text_value(m_smooth_spin, m_smooth_slider, m_param_smooth,
+                            0, 10, evt.GetString());
+}
+
+void TextureImportDialog::on_apply_clicked(wxCommandEvent&)
+{
+    start_computation();
+}
+
+void TextureImportDialog::on_auto_merge_toggled(wxCommandEvent&)
+{
+    bool auto_merge_enabled = !m_auto_merge_cb || m_auto_merge_cb->GetValue();
+    m_auto_merge_enabled = auto_merge_enabled;
+
+    if (m_state == TextureImportState::Ready) {
+        const auto previous_matches = m_current_matches;
+        do_auto_match();
+        restore_current_match_order(previous_matches);
+        compact_used_virtual_filaments();
+        update_filament_color_map();
+        rebuild_mapping_rows();
+        update_drop_warning_visibility();
+        update_auto_mix_reset_visibility();
+    }
+}
+
+void TextureImportDialog::highlight_view_button(int view_index)
+{
+    Button* btns[] = { m_btn_view_original, m_btn_view_multicolor };
+
+    StateColor active_bg(
+        std::pair<wxColour, int>(wxColour(27, 136, 68), StateColor::Pressed),
+        std::pair<wxColour, int>(wxColour(61, 203, 115), StateColor::Hovered),
+        std::pair<wxColour, int>(wxColour(0, 174, 66), StateColor::Normal));
+    StateColor active_bd(
+        std::pair<wxColour, int>(wxColour(0, 174, 66), StateColor::Normal));
+    StateColor active_text(
+        std::pair<wxColour, int>(wxColour(255, 255, 255), StateColor::Normal));
+
+    StateColor inactive_bg(
+        std::pair<wxColour, int>(dark_or(wxColour(245, 245, 245), wxColour(0x5C, 0x5C, 0x64)), StateColor::Pressed),
+        std::pair<wxColour, int>(dark_or(wxColour(255, 255, 255), wxColour(0x66, 0x66, 0x6E)), StateColor::Hovered),
+        std::pair<wxColour, int>(dark_or(wxColour(255, 255, 255), wxColour(0x54, 0x54, 0x5B)), StateColor::Normal));
+    StateColor inactive_bd(
+        std::pair<wxColour, int>(dark_or(wxColour(255, 255, 255), wxColour(0x54, 0x54, 0x5B)), StateColor::Normal));
+    StateColor inactive_text(
+        std::pair<wxColour, int>(dark_or(wxColour(104, 104, 104), wxColour(0xD0, 0xD0, 0xD2)), StateColor::Normal));
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < 2; ++i) {
+        if (!btns[i]) continue;
+        if (i == view_index) {
+            btns[i]->SetBackgroundColor(active_bg);
+            btns[i]->SetBorderColor(active_bd);
+            btns[i]->SetTextColor(active_text);
+        } else {
+            btns[i]->SetBackgroundColor(inactive_bg);
+            btns[i]->SetBorderColor(inactive_bd);
+            btns[i]->SetTextColor(inactive_text);
+        }
+        btns[i]->Refresh();
+    }
+}
+
+void TextureImportDialog::on_skip_clicked(wxCommandEvent&)
+{
+    m_skipped = true;
+    m_new_filament_colors.clear();
+    m_new_filament_preset_names.clear();
+    m_new_mixed_filaments.clear();
+    m_current_matches.clear();
+    cancel_computation();
+    EndModal(wxID_CANCEL);
+}
+
+bool TextureImportDialog::has_valid_result() const
+{
+    if (m_painted.face_colors.empty() || m_current_matches.empty() || m_mapping_rows.empty())
+        return false;
+
+    if (m_mapping_rows.size() != m_current_matches.size())
+        return false;
+
+    const int filament_count = (int)std::min(m_filament_colors_rgba.size(), max_filament_count());
+    for (const auto& row : m_mapping_rows) {
+        if (row.target_filament_idx < 0 || row.target_filament_idx >= filament_count)
+            return false;
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool TextureImportDialog::is_params_dirty() const
+{
+    if (m_applied_color_count < 0)
+        return false;
+    return m_param_color_count != m_applied_color_count
+        || m_param_smooth      != m_applied_smooth;
+}
+
+void TextureImportDialog::update_drop_warning_visibility()
+{
+    if (!m_drop_warning_label) return;
+    // Show only when the most recent do_auto_match() ran into the filament
+    // cap AND we are in the Ready state. The flag is reset at every
+    // do_auto_match() entry, so any "clean" re-run automatically hides the
+    // warning even if a previous run had dropped clusters.
+    const bool show = (m_state == TextureImportState::Ready) && m_filaments_dropped;
+    if (m_drop_warning_label->IsShown() == show) return;
+    m_drop_warning_label->Show(show);
+    Layout();
+}
+
+void TextureImportDialog::update_confirm_button_state()
+{
+    if (m_state != TextureImportState::Ready)
+        return;
+
+    if (!has_valid_result()) {
+        m_btn_ok->Enable(false);
+        if (m_hint_label) m_hint_label->Hide();
+        m_btn_ok->Refresh();
+        Layout();
+        return;
+    }
+
+    bool dirty = is_params_dirty();
+
+    m_btn_ok->Enable(true);
+
+    if (dirty) {
+        StateColor gray_bg(
+            std::pair<wxColour, int>(dark_or(wxColour(206, 206, 206), wxColour(0x54, 0x54, 0x5B)), StateColor::Normal));
+        StateColor gray_bd(
+            std::pair<wxColour, int>(dark_or(wxColour(206, 206, 206), wxColour(0x54, 0x54, 0x5B)), StateColor::Normal));
+        StateColor gray_text(
+            std::pair<wxColour, int>(dark_or(wxColour(107, 107, 107), wxColour(0xB3, 0xB3, 0xB5)), StateColor::Normal));
+        m_btn_ok->SetBackgroundColor(gray_bg);
+        m_btn_ok->SetBorderColor(gray_bd);
+        m_btn_ok->SetTextColor(gray_text);
+        m_btn_ok->SetToolTip(_L("Reminder: parameters changed, click Apply to take effect"));
+        if (m_hint_label) m_hint_label->Show();
+    } else {
+        StateColor ok_bg(
+            std::pair<wxColour, int>(wxColour(27, 136, 68), StateColor::Pressed),
+            std::pair<wxColour, int>(wxColour(61, 203, 115), StateColor::Hovered),
+            std::pair<wxColour, int>(wxColour(0, 174, 66), StateColor::Normal));
+        StateColor ok_bd(
+            std::pair<wxColour, int>(wxColour(0, 174, 66), StateColor::Normal));
+        StateColor ok_text(
+            std::pair<wxColour, int>(wxColour(255, 255, 255), StateColor::Normal));
+        m_btn_ok->SetBackgroundColor(ok_bg);
+        m_btn_ok->SetBorderColor(ok_bd);
+        m_btn_ok->SetTextColor(ok_text);
+        m_btn_ok->UnsetToolTip();
+        if (m_hint_label) m_hint_label->Hide();
+    }
+
+    m_btn_ok->Refresh();
+    Layout();
+}
+
+void TextureImportDialog::on_ok_clicked(wxCommandEvent&)
+{
+    if (m_state != TextureImportState::Ready || !has_valid_result() || is_params_dirty())
+        return;
+
+    m_current_matches = build_matches_from_rows();
+    if (m_current_matches.empty())
+        return;
+
+    compact_used_virtual_filaments();
+
+    EndModal(wxID_OK);
+}
+
+// ---- Result accessors ----
+
+Slic3r::PaintedMesh TextureImportDialog::get_painted_mesh() const
+{
+    return m_painted;
+}
+
+std::vector<Slic3r::FilamentMatch> TextureImportDialog::get_matches() const
+{
+    if (!m_current_matches.empty())
+        return m_current_matches;
+    return build_matches_from_rows();
+}
+
+void TextureImportDialog::on_dpi_changed(const wxRect&)
+{
+    // All control sizes below are baked into persistent properties (min size,
+    // corner radius, fixed wxSize) using FromDIP() at build time. The base
+    // DPIAware::rescale() only rescales fonts; it does not recompute these
+    // stored pixel values. Re-apply them here so the layout stays consistent
+    // when the dialog is dragged to a screen with a different DPI.
+    SetMinSize(wxSize(FromDIP(800), FromDIP(500)));
+
+    const int view_button_height = FromDIP(27);
+    for (Button* btn : {m_btn_view_original, m_btn_view_multicolor}) {
+        if (btn) {
+            btn->SetCornerRadius(view_button_height / 2);
+            btn->SetMinSize(wxSize(FromDIP(57), view_button_height));
+        }
+    }
+
+    for (Button* btn : {m_btn_color_4, m_btn_color_8, m_btn_color_16}) {
+        if (btn) {
+            btn->SetCornerRadius(FromDIP(12));
+            btn->SetMinSize(wxSize(FromDIP(28), FromDIP(28)));
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (m_btn_color_auto) {
+        m_btn_color_auto->SetCornerRadius(FromDIP(12));
+        m_btn_color_auto->SetMinSize(wxSize(FromDIP(60), FromDIP(28)));
+    }
+    if (m_btn_apply) {
+        m_btn_apply->SetCornerRadius(FromDIP(12));
+        m_btn_apply->SetMinSize(wxSize(FromDIP(60), FromDIP(28)));
+    }
+    if (m_btn_auto_mix) {
+        m_btn_auto_mix->SetCornerRadius(FromDIP(14));
+        m_btn_auto_mix->SetMinSize(wxSize(FromDIP(178), FromDIP(28)));
+    }
+    if (m_btn_mix_reset)
+        m_btn_mix_reset->SetPaddingSize(wxSize(FromDIP(2), FromDIP(2)));
+
+    if (m_color_spin)
+        m_color_spin->SetMinSize(wxSize(FromDIP(60), FromDIP(28)));
+    if (m_smooth_spin)
+        m_smooth_spin->SetMinSize(wxSize(FromDIP(60), FromDIP(28)));
+
+    if (m_mapping_scroll) {
+        m_mapping_scroll->SetMinSize(wxSize(-1, FromDIP(300)));
+        m_mapping_scroll->SetScrollRate(0, FromDIP(10));
+    }
+
+    if (m_btn_skip) {
+        m_btn_skip->SetCornerRadius(FromDIP(20));
+        m_btn_skip->SetMinSize(wxSize(FromDIP(136), FromDIP(40)));
+    }
+    if (m_btn_ok) {
+        m_btn_ok->SetCornerRadius(FromDIP(20));
+        m_btn_ok->SetMinSize(wxSize(FromDIP(156), FromDIP(40)));
+    }
+
+    // Mapping rows store their panel sizes (source/target/arrow/row height)
+    // as fixed FromDIP min/max sizes, so rebuild them to pick up the new DPI.
+    rebuild_mapping_rows();
+
+    if (wxSizer* sizer = GetSizer())
+        sizer->Layout();
+    Layout();
+    Refresh();
+    wxGetApp().UpdateDlgDarkUI(this);
+}
+
+}} // namespace Slic3r::GUI
diff --git a/src/slic3r/GUI/TextureImportDialog.hpp b/src/slic3r/GUI/TextureImportDialog.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..63e30dfc5b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/slic3r/GUI/TextureImportDialog.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,398 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "GUI_Utils.hpp"
+#include "Widgets/ProgressDialog.hpp"
+#include "libslic3r/TexturePainting.hpp"
+
+#include <wx/sizer.h>
+#include <wx/stattext.h>
+#include "Widgets/PopupWindow.hpp"
+#include <wx/panel.h>
+#include <wx/scrolwin.h>
+#include <wx/textctrl.h>
+#include "Widgets/SpinInput.hpp"
+#include <wx/checkbox.h>
+#include <wx/button.h>
+#include "Widgets/Button.hpp"
+#include <wx/glcanvas.h>
+#include <wx/event.h>
+
+#include <array>
+#include <atomic>
+#include <functional>
+#include <map>
+#include <memory>
+#include <mutex>
+#include <thread>
+#include <vector>
+#include <string>
+
+class GreenSlider;
+
+namespace Slic3r { namespace GUI {
+
+wxDECLARE_EVENT(EVT_TEXTURE_COMPUTE_DONE, wxCommandEvent);
+wxDECLARE_EVENT(EVT_TEXTURE_COMPUTE_PROGRESS, wxCommandEvent);
+wxDECLARE_EVENT(EVT_TEXTURE_COMPUTE_ERROR, wxCommandEvent);
+wxDECLARE_EVENT(EVT_TEXTURE_MESH_REPAIR_DECISION, wxCommandEvent);
+
+enum class TextureImportState {
+    Idle,
+    Computing,
+    Ready,
+    Error
+};
+
+enum class TextureAutoMixMode {
+    CMYW,
+    RYBW
+};
+
+enum class TextureFilamentKind {
+    ExistingPhysical,
+    ExistingMixed,
+    NewPhysical,
+    NewMixed
+};
+
+struct TextureFilamentEntry {
+    TextureFilamentKind kind{TextureFilamentKind::ExistingPhysical};
+    int                 dialog_index{-1};
+    size_t              project_config_index{size_t(-1)};
+    std::string         color_hex;
+    std::string         name;
+    std::string         type;
+    std::string         preset_name;
+    std::vector<unsigned int> mixed_components;
+    std::vector<int>          mixed_ratios;
+};
+
+struct TextureNewMixedFilament {
+    int                       dialog_index{-1};
+    std::string               color_hex;
+    std::vector<int>          component_dialog_indices;
+    std::vector<int>          ratios;
+};
+
+struct FilamentMappingRow {
+    int                        cluster_id    = -1;
+    std::array<std::size_t, 3> source_color  = {0, 0, 0};
+    std::string                source_hex;
+    int                        target_filament_idx = 0;
+    wxPanel*                   source_panel  = nullptr;
+    wxPanel*                   target_panel  = nullptr;
+};
+
+class FilamentSelectPopup;
+class AutoMixSelectPopup;
+// Lightweight 3D preview panel using wxGLCanvas.
+// Renders: original textured, multi-color, or filament-mapped.
+class TexturePreviewCanvas : public wxGLCanvas
+{
+public:
+    enum class RenderMode { Original, MultiColor, FilamentMap };
+
+    TexturePreviewCanvas(wxWindow* parent, const wxGLAttributes& attrs);
+    ~TexturePreviewCanvas();
+
+    void set_mesh_data(
+        const std::vector<std::array<float, 3>>& vertices,
+        const std::vector<std::array<int, 3>>&   indices);
+
+    void set_texture_data(
+        const std::vector<std::array<float, 2>>& uvs,
+        const unsigned char* tex_data, int tex_w, int tex_h, int tex_channels);
+
+    void set_texture_render_data(
+        const std::vector<std::vector<unsigned char>>& tex_pixels_rgb,
+        const std::vector<int>& tex_widths,
+        const std::vector<int>& tex_heights,
+        const std::vector<std::array<std::array<float,2>, 3>>& face_uvs,
+        const std::vector<int>& face_tex_ids);
+
+    void set_painted_mesh_data(
+        const std::vector<std::array<float, 3>>& vertices,
+        const std::vector<std::array<int, 3>>&   indices);
+    void set_face_colors(const std::vector<std::array<std::size_t, 3>>& face_colors);
+    void set_original_face_colors(const std::vector<std::array<std::size_t, 3>>& face_colors);
+    void set_filament_color_map(const std::map<std::array<std::size_t, 3>, std::array<float, 3>>& color_map);
+
+    void set_render_mode(RenderMode mode);
+    RenderMode get_render_mode() const { return m_mode; }
+    void set_computing_overlay(bool show);
+    void reset_view();
+
+private:
+    void on_paint(wxPaintEvent& evt);
+    void on_size(wxSizeEvent& evt);
+    void on_mouse(wxMouseEvent& evt);
+    void ensure_gl_ready();
+    void render();
+    void render_mesh();
+    void render_textured_original();
+    void render_reset_overlay(const wxSize& logical_size, const wxSize& viewport_size);
+    void upload_reset_icon_textures();
+    unsigned int upload_reset_icon_texture(const std::string& icon_name);
+    wxRect reset_overlay_rect() const;
+    bool handle_reset_overlay_mouse(wxMouseEvent& evt);
+    void upload_textures();
+    void compute_smooth_normals();
+    void update_bounding_box();
+
+    wxGLContext*  m_context        = nullptr;
+    bool          m_gl_initialized = false;
+    RenderMode    m_mode           = RenderMode::Original;
+
+    float   m_zoom     = 1.0f;
+    float   m_rot_x    = -30.0f;
+    float   m_rot_y    = 30.0f;
+    float   m_pan_x    = 0.0f;
+    float   m_pan_y    = 0.0f;
+    wxPoint m_last_mouse_pos;
+    enum class DragMode { None, Rotate, Pan };
+    DragMode m_drag_mode = DragMode::None;
+
+    std::vector<std::array<float, 3>> m_vertices;
+    std::vector<std::array<int, 3>>   m_indices;
+    std::vector<std::array<float, 2>> m_uvs;
+    std::vector<std::array<float, 3>> m_painted_vertices;
+    std::vector<std::array<int, 3>>   m_painted_indices;
+    std::vector<std::array<float, 3>> m_face_colors_rgb;
+    std::vector<std::array<float, 3>> m_original_face_colors_rgb;
+    std::vector<std::array<float, 3>> m_filament_colors_rgb;
+    std::map<std::array<std::size_t, 3>, std::array<float, 3>> m_color_map;
+
+    unsigned int m_tex_id       = 0;
+    int          m_tex_w        = 0;
+    int          m_tex_h        = 0;
+    int          m_tex_channels = 3;
+    bool         m_tex_dirty    = false;
+    std::vector<unsigned char> m_tex_data;
+
+    std::vector<unsigned int> m_gl_tex_ids;
+    std::vector<std::vector<unsigned char>> m_tex_pixels_rgb;
+    std::vector<int> m_tex_widths;
+    std::vector<int> m_tex_heights;
+    std::vector<std::array<std::array<float,2>, 3>> m_face_uvs;
+    std::vector<int> m_face_tex_ids;
+    bool m_multi_tex_dirty = false;
+
+    std::vector<std::array<float, 3>> m_vertex_normals;
+
+    std::array<float, 3> m_center = {0, 0, 0};
+    float                m_radius = 1.0f;
+
+    unsigned int m_reset_icon_tex        = 0;
+    unsigned int m_reset_icon_hover_tex  = 0;
+    unsigned int m_reset_icon_dark_tex   = 0;
+    unsigned int m_reset_icon_dark_hover_tex = 0;
+    bool         m_reset_overlay_hovered = false;
+    bool         m_reset_overlay_pressed = false;
+};
+
+
+class TextureImportDialog : public DPIDialog
+{
+public:
+    TextureImportDialog(wxWindow*                        parent,
+                        const Slic3r::TexturedMesh&      textured_mesh,
+                        const std::vector<TextureFilamentEntry>& filament_entries,
+                        std::function<bool()>            initial_cancel_callback = {},
+                        std::function<bool(int)>         initial_progress_callback = {});
+    ~TextureImportDialog();
+
+    int ShowModal() override;
+    void on_dpi_changed(const wxRect& suggested_rect) override;
+
+    Slic3r::PaintedMesh               get_painted_mesh() const;
+    std::vector<Slic3r::FilamentMatch> get_matches() const;
+    bool                               was_skipped() const { return m_skipped; }
+    bool                               fallback_to_geometry_only() const { return m_fallback_to_geometry_only; }
+    // Colors of virtual filaments that need to be created after dialog confirmation.
+    // Index i corresponds to filament index (m_existing_filament_count + i).
+    const std::vector<std::array<float, 4>>& get_new_filament_colors() const { return m_new_filament_colors; }
+    const std::vector<std::string>& get_new_filament_preset_names() const { return m_new_filament_preset_names; }
+    const std::vector<TextureNewMixedFilament>& get_new_mixed_filaments() const { return m_new_mixed_filaments; }
+    const std::vector<TextureFilamentEntry>& get_filament_entries() const { return m_filament_entries; }
+    size_t get_existing_filament_count() const { return m_existing_filament_count; }
+
+private:
+    void build_ui();
+    void build_preview_panel(wxWindow* parent, wxSizer* sizer);
+    void build_params_panel(wxWindow* parent, wxSizer* sizer);
+    void build_mapping_panel(wxWindow* parent, wxSizer* sizer);
+    void build_bottom_buttons(wxSizer* sizer);
+
+    void set_state(TextureImportState new_state);
+    void update_ui_for_state();
+
+    void start_computation(bool auto_color = false, bool initial = false);
+    void cancel_computation();
+    void on_computation_complete(wxCommandEvent& evt);
+    void on_computation_progress(wxCommandEvent& evt);
+    void on_computation_error(wxCommandEvent& evt);
+    void on_mesh_repair_decision_required(wxCommandEvent& evt);
+
+    void rebuild_mapping_rows();
+    void do_auto_match();
+    // Reorder m_current_matches into a canonical, predictable order (ascending
+    // filament_index, with unmapped entries pushed to the end). Used right
+    // after the initial computation so the first view the user sees has a
+    // stable, intuitive layout.
+    void sort_current_matches_by_filament_index();
+    // Reorder m_current_matches so they appear in the same order as
+    // `previous_matches` (keyed by cluster_index). Entries whose cluster_index
+    // was not present before are appended at the end, preserving their current
+    // relative order. Used when the user toggles auto-merge so the rows do not
+    // visually jump around. Assumes each cluster_index appears at most once in
+    // both vectors (this invariant is currently guaranteed by do_auto_match,
+    // which produces one match per cluster).
+    void restore_current_match_order(const std::vector<Slic3r::FilamentMatch>& previous_matches);
+    std::vector<Slic3r::FilamentMatch> build_matches_from_rows() const;
+    void update_filament_color_map();
+    void show_filament_popup(size_t row_index);
+    void dismiss_filament_popup();
+    void dismiss_filament_popup_on_wheel(wxMouseEvent& evt);
+    void show_auto_mix_popup();
+    void dismiss_auto_mix_popup();
+    void set_auto_mix_mode(TextureAutoMixMode mode);
+    void apply_auto_standard_mix(TextureAutoMixMode mode);
+    void reset_auto_mix();
+    void update_auto_mix_reset_visibility();
+    bool add_decomposed_mixed_filament(size_t row_index);
+    int  add_virtual_filament(const std::array<float, 4>& rgba, const std::string& hex,
+                              const std::string& preset_name = std::string());
+    int  add_virtual_mixed_filament(const std::string& color_hex,
+                                    const std::vector<int>& component_dialog_indices,
+                                    const std::vector<int>& ratios);
+    size_t max_filament_count() const;
+    bool can_add_virtual_filament() const;
+    // Recomputes m_drop_warning_label visibility from m_filaments_dropped and
+    // m_state. Safe to call whether or not the label has been created yet.
+    // Visibility reflects ONLY the result of the most recent do_auto_match():
+    // if the latest match did not drop any cluster, the label is hidden even
+    // if a previous match had dropped (no historical accumulation).
+    void update_drop_warning_visibility();
+    void compact_used_virtual_filaments();
+    int  find_closest_filament_index(const std::array<std::size_t, 3>& color) const;
+
+    void on_color_preset_clicked(wxCommandEvent& evt);
+    void on_color_slider_changed(wxCommandEvent& evt);
+    void on_color_spin_changed(wxCommandEvent& evt);
+    void on_color_spin_text_changed(wxCommandEvent& evt);
+    void on_smooth_slider_changed(wxCommandEvent& evt);
+    void on_smooth_spin_changed(wxCommandEvent& evt);
+    void on_smooth_spin_text_changed(wxCommandEvent& evt);
+    void on_apply_clicked(wxCommandEvent& evt);
+    void on_auto_merge_toggled(wxCommandEvent& evt);
+    void highlight_view_button(int view_index);
+    void on_skip_clicked(wxCommandEvent& evt);
+    void on_ok_clicked(wxCommandEvent& evt);
+
+    void set_color_count_value(int value, bool update_spin);
+    void set_smooth_value(int value, bool update_spin);
+    void preview_spin_text_value(SpinInput* spin, GreenSlider* slider, int& param,
+                                 int min_value, int max_value, const wxString& text,
+                                 std::function<void()> on_value_changed = {});
+    void update_color_count_preset_buttons();
+
+    bool has_valid_result() const;
+    bool is_params_dirty() const;
+    void update_confirm_button_state();
+
+    Slic3r::TexturedMesh               m_textured_mesh;
+    std::vector<std::string>           m_filament_color_strs;   // existing + virtual
+    std::vector<std::string>           m_filament_names;        // existing + virtual
+    std::vector<std::array<float, 4>>  m_filament_colors_rgba;  // existing + virtual
+    std::vector<TextureFilamentEntry>  m_filament_entries;      // aligned with m_filament_colors_rgba
+    size_t                             m_existing_filament_count = 0;
+    std::vector<std::array<float, 4>>  m_new_filament_colors;   // only virtual (to be created)
+    std::vector<std::string>           m_new_filament_preset_names; // only virtual, aligned with m_new_filament_colors
+    std::vector<TextureNewMixedFilament> m_new_mixed_filaments;
+    std::string                        m_default_virtual_filament_preset_name;
+
+    TextureImportState                 m_state = TextureImportState::Idle;
+    bool                               m_skipped = false;
+    bool                               m_fallback_to_geometry_only = false;
+    // True iff *the most recent* do_auto_match() ran into the global filament
+    // limit and had to drop one or more clusters. Reset to false on every
+    // do_auto_match() entry so it never accumulates across runs: a run that
+    // does not drop anything must observe false here, regardless of whether
+    // previous runs dropped. Drives the inline orange warning above the
+    // bottom buttons; never affects the mapping itself.
+    bool                               m_filaments_dropped = false;
+    bool                               m_auto_merge_enabled = true;
+    TextureAutoMixMode                 m_auto_mix_mode = TextureAutoMixMode::CMYW;
+    int                                m_auto_mix_font_point_size = 10;
+
+    Slic3r::PaintedMesh               m_painted;
+    std::vector<Slic3r::FilamentMatch> m_current_matches;
+
+    std::unique_ptr<std::thread>       m_worker;
+    std::atomic<bool>                  m_cancel_flag{false};
+    std::mutex                         m_result_mutex;
+    Slic3r::PaintedMesh               m_pending_result;
+    std::function<bool()>              m_initial_cancel_callback;
+    std::function<bool(int)>           m_initial_progress_callback;
+    bool                               m_current_computation_initial = false;
+    bool                               m_initial_computation_pending = false;
+    bool                               m_initial_computation_cancelled = false;
+    bool                               m_initial_computation_failed = false;
+    bool                               m_initial_tooltips_set = false;
+    bool                               m_current_computation_auto_color = false;
+    Slic3r::TexturePaintingSettings::MeshRepairDecision m_mesh_repair_decision =
+        Slic3r::TexturePaintingSettings::MeshRepairDecision::Ask;
+
+    Button*      m_btn_color_4    = nullptr;
+    Button*      m_btn_color_8    = nullptr;
+    Button*      m_btn_color_16   = nullptr;
+    Button*      m_btn_color_auto = nullptr;
+    GreenSlider* m_color_slider   = nullptr;
+    SpinInput*   m_color_spin     = nullptr;
+    GreenSlider* m_smooth_slider  = nullptr;
+    SpinInput*   m_smooth_spin    = nullptr;
+    Button*      m_btn_apply      = nullptr;
+
+    wxCheckBox*           m_auto_merge_cb = nullptr;
+    Button*               m_btn_auto_mix  = nullptr;
+    Button*               m_btn_mix_reset = nullptr;
+    bool                  m_auto_mix_applied = false;
+    AutoMixSelectPopup*   m_auto_mix_popup = nullptr;
+    wxScrolledWindow*     m_mapping_scroll = nullptr;
+    wxBoxSizer*           m_mapping_sizer  = nullptr;
+    std::vector<FilamentMappingRow> m_mapping_rows;
+    FilamentSelectPopup*  m_filament_popup = nullptr;
+    int                   m_filament_popup_row = -1;
+    int                   m_skip_next_filament_popup_row = -1;
+
+    TexturePreviewCanvas* m_preview_canvas      = nullptr;
+    wxPanel*              m_tab_panel           = nullptr;
+    Button*               m_btn_view_original   = nullptr;
+    Button*               m_btn_view_multicolor = nullptr;
+
+    ProgressDialog* m_progress_dlg = nullptr;
+
+    Button*       m_btn_skip = nullptr;
+    Button*       m_btn_ok   = nullptr;
+    wxStaticText* m_drop_warning_label = nullptr;
+
+    int   m_param_color_count = 4;
+    int   m_param_smooth      = 5;
+
+    int   m_applied_color_count = -1;
+    int   m_applied_smooth      = -1;
+    wxStaticText* m_hint_label  = nullptr;
+
+    static const int ID_COLOR_4     = wxID_HIGHEST + 200;
+    static const int ID_COLOR_8     = wxID_HIGHEST + 201;
+    static const int ID_COLOR_16    = wxID_HIGHEST + 202;
+    static const int ID_COLOR_AUTO  = wxID_HIGHEST + 203;
+    static const int ID_BTN_APPLY   = wxID_HIGHEST + 204;
+    static const int ID_BTN_SKIP    = wxID_HIGHEST + 205;
+    static const int ID_VIEW_ORIGINAL   = wxID_HIGHEST + 206;
+    static const int ID_VIEW_MULTICOLOR = wxID_HIGHEST + 207;
+
+    wxDECLARE_EVENT_TABLE();
+};
+
+}} // namespace Slic3r::GUI
diff --git a/src/slic3r/GUI/Widgets/ComboBox.cpp b/src/slic3r/GUI/Widgets/ComboBox.cpp
index 783e1caadf..b6f6d42450 100644
--- a/src/slic3r/GUI/Widgets/ComboBox.cpp
+++ b/src/slic3r/GUI/Widgets/ComboBox.cpp
@@ -87,10 +87,18 @@ void ComboBox::SetSelection(int n)
         return;
     drop.SetSelection(n);
     SetLabel(drop.GetValue());
-    if (drop.selection >= 0 && drop.iconSize.y > 0 && items[drop.selection].icon_textctrl.IsOk())
-        SetIcon(items[drop.selection].icon_textctrl);
-    else
+    if (drop.selection >= 0 && drop.iconSize.y > 0 && items[drop.selection].icon_textctrl.IsOk()) {
+        if (m_keep_drop_arrow) {
+            SetIcon("drop_down");
+            SetIcon_1(items[drop.selection].icon_textctrl);
+        } else {
+            SetIcon(items[drop.selection].icon_textctrl);
+        }
+    } else {
         SetIcon("drop_down");
+        if (m_keep_drop_arrow)
+            SetIcon_1(wxNullBitmap);
+    }
 
     if (drop.selection >= 0) {
         SetStaticTips(items[drop.selection].text_static_tips, wxNullBitmap);
@@ -120,10 +128,18 @@ void ComboBox::SetValue(const wxString &value)
 {
     drop.SetValue(value);
     SetLabel(value);
-    if (drop.selection >= 0 && drop.iconSize.y > 0 && items[drop.selection].icon_textctrl.IsOk())
-        SetIcon(items[drop.selection].icon_textctrl);
-    else
+    if (drop.selection >= 0 && drop.iconSize.y > 0 && items[drop.selection].icon_textctrl.IsOk()) {
+        if (m_keep_drop_arrow) {
+            SetIcon("drop_down");
+            SetIcon_1(items[drop.selection].icon_textctrl);
+        } else {
+            SetIcon(items[drop.selection].icon_textctrl);
+        }
+    } else {
         SetIcon("drop_down");
+        if (m_keep_drop_arrow)
+            SetIcon_1(wxNullBitmap);
+    }
 
     if (drop.selection >= 0) {
         SetStaticTips(items[drop.selection].text_static_tips, wxNullBitmap);
diff --git a/src/slic3r/GUI/Widgets/ComboBox.hpp b/src/slic3r/GUI/Widgets/ComboBox.hpp
index 552909b477..91c34d53aa 100644
--- a/src/slic3r/GUI/Widgets/ComboBox.hpp
+++ b/src/slic3r/GUI/Widgets/ComboBox.hpp
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ class ComboBox : public wxWindowWithItems<TextInput, wxItemContainer>
     bool     drop_down = false;
     bool     text_off = false;
     bool     is_replace_text_to_image = false;
+    bool     m_keep_drop_arrow = false;  // When true, item icon goes to icon_1, keeping drop_down arrow
     wxString replace_text;
     wxString image_for_text;
 
@@ -31,6 +32,11 @@ public:
 
     DropDown & GetDropDown() { return drop; }
 
+    // When true, item icon is shown as icon_1 (secondary), preserving drop_down arrow.
+    // Note: item bitmaps are set via raw wxBitmap (not ScalableBitmap), so they won't
+    // auto-rescale on DPI change. Caller should recreate items after DPI change.
+    void SetKeepDropArrow(bool keep) { m_keep_drop_arrow = keep; }
+
     virtual bool SetFont(wxFont const & font) override;
 
 public:
diff --git a/src/slic3r/GUI/Widgets/DropDown.cpp b/src/slic3r/GUI/Widgets/DropDown.cpp
index 973113d0ac..a44303169a 100644
--- a/src/slic3r/GUI/Widgets/DropDown.cpp
+++ b/src/slic3r/GUI/Widgets/DropDown.cpp
@@ -360,6 +360,9 @@ void DropDown::render(wxDC &dc)
     for (int i = 0; i < items.size(); ++i) {
         auto &item = items[i];
         int states2 = states;
+        // Dimmed items stay selectable but render greyed out (used by the mixed-filament
+        // dialog to show components that are already consumed by another mix).
+        bool is_dimmed = (item.style & DD_ITEM_STYLE_DIMMED) != 0;
         if ((item.style & DD_ITEM_STYLE_DISABLED) != 0)
             states2 &= ~StateColor::Enabled;
         // Skip by group
@@ -427,7 +430,7 @@ void DropDown::render(wxDC &dc)
             }
             pt.y += (rcContent.height - textSize.y) / 2;
             dc.SetFont(GetFont());
-            dc.SetTextForeground(text_color.colorForStates(states2));
+            dc.SetTextForeground(is_dimmed ? wxColour(0xCE, 0xCE, 0xCE) : text_color.colorForStates(states2));
             dc.DrawText(text, pt);
             if (group.IsEmpty() && !item.group_key.IsEmpty()) {
                 auto szBmp = arrow_bitmap.GetBmpSize();
diff --git a/src/slic3r/GUI/Widgets/DropDown.hpp b/src/slic3r/GUI/Widgets/DropDown.hpp
index 09041e3dc0..bcd0a58c41 100644
--- a/src/slic3r/GUI/Widgets/DropDown.hpp
+++ b/src/slic3r/GUI/Widgets/DropDown.hpp
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@
 
 #define DD_ITEM_STYLE_SPLIT_ITEM  0x0001 // ----text----, text with horizontal line arounds
 #define DD_ITEM_STYLE_DISABLED    0x0002 // ----text----, text with horizontal line arounds
+#define DD_ITEM_STYLE_DIMMED      0x0004 // gray text, but still selectable
 
 wxDECLARE_EVENT(EVT_DISMISS, wxCommandEvent);
 
diff --git a/src/slic3r/GUI/Widgets/SpinInput.cpp b/src/slic3r/GUI/Widgets/SpinInput.cpp
index fba5a45233..538f010383 100644
--- a/src/slic3r/GUI/Widgets/SpinInput.cpp
+++ b/src/slic3r/GUI/Widgets/SpinInput.cpp
@@ -9,6 +9,8 @@
 #include "../GUI_Utils.hpp"
 #endif
 
+wxDEFINE_EVENT(EVT_SPINCTRL_TEXT, wxCommandEvent);
+
 BEGIN_EVENT_TABLE(SpinInput, StaticBox)
 
 EVT_KEY_DOWN(SpinInput::keyPressed)
@@ -74,6 +76,7 @@ void SpinInput::Create(wxWindow *parent,
     state_handler.attach_child(text_ctrl);
     text_ctrl->Bind(wxEVT_KILL_FOCUS, &SpinInput::onTextLostFocus, this);
     text_ctrl->Bind(wxEVT_TEXT_ENTER, &SpinInput::onTextEnter, this);
+    text_ctrl->Bind(wxEVT_TEXT, &SpinInput::onTextChanged, this);
     text_ctrl->Bind(wxEVT_KEY_DOWN, &SpinInput::keyPressed, this);
     text_ctrl->Bind(wxEVT_RIGHT_DOWN, [this](auto &e) {}); // disable context menu
     button_inc = createButton(true);
@@ -300,6 +303,19 @@ void SpinInput::onTextEnter(wxCommandEvent &event)
     ProcessEventLocally(event);
 }
 
+void SpinInput::onTextChanged(wxCommandEvent &event)
+{
+    long value;
+    if (text_ctrl->GetValue().ToLong(&value)) {
+        wxCommandEvent e(EVT_SPINCTRL_TEXT, GetId());
+        e.SetEventObject(this);
+        e.SetInt((int) value);
+        e.SetString(text_ctrl->GetValue());
+        GetEventHandler()->ProcessEvent(e);
+    }
+    event.Skip();
+}
+
 void SpinInput::mouseWheelMoved(wxMouseEvent &event)
 {
     auto delta = event.GetWheelRotation() < 0 ? 1 : -1;
diff --git a/src/slic3r/GUI/Widgets/SpinInput.hpp b/src/slic3r/GUI/Widgets/SpinInput.hpp
index 275d42a95d..caf2bf3843 100644
--- a/src/slic3r/GUI/Widgets/SpinInput.hpp
+++ b/src/slic3r/GUI/Widgets/SpinInput.hpp
@@ -9,6 +9,10 @@
 
 class Button;
 
+// Fired on every keystroke that leaves a parseable integer in the field, so callers can
+// react live rather than only on commit (wxEVT_SPINCTRL) or Enter. Ported from BambuStudio.
+wxDECLARE_EVENT(EVT_SPINCTRL_TEXT, wxCommandEvent);
+
 class SpinInput : public wxNavigationEnabled<StaticBox>
 {
     wxSize labelSize;
@@ -98,6 +102,7 @@ private:
     void keyPressed(wxKeyEvent& event);
     void onTimer(wxTimerEvent &evnet);
     void onTextLostFocus(wxEvent &event);
+    void onTextChanged(wxCommandEvent &event);
     void onTextEnter(wxCommandEvent &event);
 
     void sendSpinEvent();
diff --git a/src/slic3r/GUI/Widgets/TextInput.cpp b/src/slic3r/GUI/Widgets/TextInput.cpp
index 49605e048d..b6e60f60d7 100644
--- a/src/slic3r/GUI/Widgets/TextInput.cpp
+++ b/src/slic3r/GUI/Widgets/TextInput.cpp
@@ -139,6 +139,15 @@ void TextInput::SetIcon_1(const wxString &icon) {
     Rescale();
 }
 
+// Set icon_1 from a raw bitmap. Note: won't auto-rescale on DPI change
+// since ScalableBitmap::name() will be empty. Caller should re-set after DPI change.
+void TextInput::SetIcon_1(const wxBitmap &icon) {
+    this->icon_1 = ScalableBitmap();
+    if (icon.IsOk())
+        this->icon_1.bmp() = icon;
+    Rescale();
+}
+
 void TextInput::SetLabelColor(StateColor const &color)
 {
     label_color = color;
diff --git a/src/slic3r/GUI/Widgets/TextInput.hpp b/src/slic3r/GUI/Widgets/TextInput.hpp
index 9aca7037c4..44562a895d 100644
--- a/src/slic3r/GUI/Widgets/TextInput.hpp
+++ b/src/slic3r/GUI/Widgets/TextInput.hpp
@@ -54,6 +54,7 @@ public:
     void SetIcon(const wxString & icon);
 
     void SetIcon_1(const wxString &icon);
+    void SetIcon_1(const wxBitmap &icon);
 
     void SetLabelColor(StateColor const &color);
 
diff --git a/src/slic3r/GUI/WipeTowerDialog.cpp b/src/slic3r/GUI/WipeTowerDialog.cpp
index abf8baf086..f1d0946bf5 100644
--- a/src/slic3r/GUI/WipeTowerDialog.cpp
+++ b/src/slic3r/GUI/WipeTowerDialog.cpp
@@ -256,6 +256,41 @@ static std::vector<float> MatrixFlatten(const WipingDialog::VolumeMatrix& matrix
     return vec;
 }
 
+// Mixed-color slots are virtual: they are never loaded into a tray and so have no flushing
+// volumes of their own. The dialog therefore shows only the physical filaments, which means
+// converting between the full config matrix (indexed by config slot) and a dense physical
+// sub-matrix (indexed by row/column in the table).
+static std::vector<double> extract_physical_sub_matrix(
+    const std::vector<double>& full_matrix, size_t full_n,
+    const std::vector<size_t>& indices)
+{
+    size_t p = indices.size();
+    std::vector<double> sub(p * p, 0.0);
+    if (full_matrix.size() < full_n * full_n)
+        return sub;
+    for (size_t pi = 0; pi < p; ++pi)
+        for (size_t pj = 0; pj < p; ++pj)
+            sub[pi * p + pj] = full_matrix[indices[pi] * full_n + indices[pj]];
+    return sub;
+}
+
+// Write the edited physical sub-matrix back into a copy of the full matrix, leaving the
+// entries that belong to mixed slots untouched.
+static std::vector<double> expand_physical_to_full_matrix(
+    const std::vector<double>& sub_matrix,
+    const std::vector<size_t>& indices, size_t full_n,
+    const std::vector<double>& original_matrix)
+{
+    std::vector<double> full = original_matrix;
+    if (full.size() < full_n * full_n)
+        return full;
+    size_t p = indices.size();
+    for (size_t pi = 0; pi < p; ++pi)
+        for (size_t pj = 0; pj < p; ++pj)
+            full[indices[pi] * full_n + indices[pj]] = sub_matrix[pi * p + pj];
+    return full;
+}
+
 wxString WipingDialog::BuildTableObjStr()
 {
     auto full_config = wxGetApp().preset_bundle->full_config();
@@ -265,9 +300,22 @@ wxString WipingDialog::BuildTableObjStr()
     auto raw_matrix_data = full_config.option<ConfigOptionFloats>("flush_volumes_matrix")->values;
     auto nozzle_flush_dataset = full_config.option<ConfigOptionIntsNullable>("nozzle_flush_dataset")->values;
 
+    // Restrict the table to physical filaments; mixed slots have no flushing volumes.
+    m_physical_indices = wxGetApp().preset_bundle->physical_filament_config_indices();
+    const size_t full_n = filament_colors.size();
+    {
+        std::vector<std::string> physical_colors;
+        physical_colors.reserve(m_physical_indices.size());
+        for (size_t i : m_physical_indices)
+            if (i < filament_colors.size())
+                physical_colors.push_back(filament_colors[i]);
+        filament_colors = std::move(physical_colors);
+    }
+
     std::vector<std::vector<double>> flush_matrixs;
     for (int idx = 0; idx < nozzle_num; ++idx) {
-        flush_matrixs.emplace_back(get_flush_volumes_matrix(raw_matrix_data, idx, nozzle_num));
+        auto fm = get_flush_volumes_matrix(raw_matrix_data, idx, nozzle_num);
+        flush_matrixs.emplace_back(extract_physical_sub_matrix(fm, full_n, m_physical_indices));
     }
     flush_multiplier.resize(nozzle_num, 1);
 
@@ -372,7 +420,7 @@ WipingDialog::WipingDialog(wxWindow* parent, const int max_flush_volume) :
     wxBoxSizer* main_sizer = new wxBoxSizer(wxVERTICAL);
     this->SetSizer(main_sizer);
     this->SetBackgroundColour(*wxWHITE);
-    auto filament_count = wxGetApp().preset_bundle->project_config.option<ConfigOptionStrings>("filament_colour")->values.size();
+    auto filament_count = wxGetApp().preset_bundle->physical_filament_config_indices().size();
 
     // Estimate table scroll area size based on filament count
     // Each table cell is ~60x25 DIP, plus headers and borders
@@ -592,11 +640,29 @@ void WipingDialog::StoreFlushData(int extruder_num, const std::vector<std::vecto
     m_raw_matrixs = flush_volume_vecs;
 }
 
+// The table edits a physical-only sub-matrix; GetFlattenMatrix has to hand back a full-size
+// matrix so the config layout stays indexed by config slot. Mixed-slot entries keep whatever
+// the config already held.
+std::vector<double> WipingDialog::ExpandToFullMatrix(const std::vector<double>& sub_matrix, int nozzle_idx) const
+{
+    const auto& project_config = wxGetApp().preset_bundle->project_config;
+    const size_t full_n = project_config.option<ConfigOptionStrings>("filament_colour")->values.size();
+    if (m_physical_indices.size() == full_n)
+        return sub_matrix;   // no mixed slots: sub-matrix already is the full matrix
+
+    auto raw = project_config.option<ConfigOptionFloats>("flush_volumes_matrix")->values;
+    int nozzle_num = (int)wxGetApp().preset_bundle->project_config.option<ConfigOptionFloats>("flush_multiplier")->values.size();
+    if (nozzle_num < 1) nozzle_num = 1;
+    auto original = get_flush_volumes_matrix(raw, nozzle_idx, nozzle_num);
+    return expand_physical_to_full_matrix(sub_matrix, m_physical_indices, full_n, original);
+}
+
 std::vector<double> WipingDialog::GetFlattenMatrix()const
 {
     std::vector<double> ret;
-    for (auto& matrix : m_raw_matrixs) {
-        ret.insert(ret.end(), matrix.begin(), matrix.end());
+    for (size_t idx = 0; idx < m_raw_matrixs.size(); ++idx) {
+        auto full = ExpandToFullMatrix(m_raw_matrixs[idx], (int)idx);
+        ret.insert(ret.end(), full.begin(), full.end());
     }
     return ret;
 }
diff --git a/src/slic3r/GUI/WipeTowerDialog.hpp b/src/slic3r/GUI/WipeTowerDialog.hpp
index 64e5758534..91944cfc78 100644
--- a/src/slic3r/GUI/WipeTowerDialog.hpp
+++ b/src/slic3r/GUI/WipeTowerDialog.hpp
@@ -58,12 +58,16 @@ private:
 	wxString BuildTableObjStr();
 	wxString BuildTextObjStr(bool multi_language = true);
 	void StoreFlushData(int extruder_num, const std::vector<std::vector<double>>& flush_volume_vecs, const std::vector<double>& flush_multipliers);
+	// Maps the physical-only matrix shown in the table back onto the full config-indexed matrix.
+	std::vector<double> ExpandToFullMatrix(const std::vector<double>& sub_matrix, int nozzle_idx) const;
 
 	wxWebView* m_webview;
 	int m_max_flush_volume;
 
 	VolumeMatrix m_raw_matrixs;
 	std::vector<double> m_flush_multipliers;
+	// Config indices of the physical (non-mixed) filaments, in table order.
+	std::vector<size_t> m_physical_indices;
 	bool m_submit_flag{ false };
 };
 
diff --git a/tests/libslic3r/CMakeLists.txt b/tests/libslic3r/CMakeLists.txt
index 28c39c2d6a..2d575ab989 100644
--- a/tests/libslic3r/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/tests/libslic3r/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ add_executable(${_TEST_NAME}_tests
     test_vendor_cache.cpp
     test_elephant_foot_compensation.cpp
     test_fill_corner_smoothing.cpp
+    test_filament_mixer.cpp
     test_fill_plane_path.cpp
     test_geometry.cpp
     test_multimaterial_segmentation.cpp
diff --git a/tests/libslic3r/test_filament_mixer.cpp b/tests/libslic3r/test_filament_mixer.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7b5842334f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/libslic3r/test_filament_mixer.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,182 @@
+#include <catch2/catch_all.hpp>
+
+#include "libslic3r/FilamentMixer.hpp"
+
+using namespace Slic3r;
+
+TEST_CASE("parse_mixed_components reads 1-based component ids", "[FilamentMixer]")
+{
+    REQUIRE(parse_mixed_components("1,3") == std::vector<unsigned int>{1, 3});
+    REQUIRE(parse_mixed_components("2, 4 ,5") == std::vector<unsigned int>{2, 4, 5});
+
+    SECTION("Malformed input yields no components") {
+        REQUIRE(parse_mixed_components("").empty());
+        REQUIRE(parse_mixed_components("abc").empty());
+    }
+}
+
+TEST_CASE("parse_mixed_ratios normalizes to sum 1.0", "[FilamentMixer]")
+{
+    auto r = parse_mixed_ratios("0.7,0.3", 2);
+    REQUIRE(r.size() == 2);
+    REQUIRE_THAT(r[0], Catch::Matchers::WithinAbs(0.7, 1e-9));
+    REQUIRE_THAT(r[1], Catch::Matchers::WithinAbs(0.3, 1e-9));
+
+    SECTION("Unnormalized input is rescaled") {
+        auto v = parse_mixed_ratios("2,2", 2);
+        REQUIRE_THAT(v[0], Catch::Matchers::WithinAbs(0.5, 1e-9));
+        REQUIRE_THAT(v[1], Catch::Matchers::WithinAbs(0.5, 1e-9));
+    }
+
+    SECTION("Empty or mismatched input falls back to equal shares") {
+        auto v = parse_mixed_ratios("", 3);
+        REQUIRE(v.size() == 3);
+        for (double x : v)
+            REQUIRE_THAT(x, Catch::Matchers::WithinAbs(1.0 / 3.0, 1e-9));
+    }
+}
+
+TEST_CASE("has_any_mixed_filament detects mixed slots", "[FilamentMixer]")
+{
+    REQUIRE_FALSE(has_any_mixed_filament({}));
+    REQUIRE_FALSE(has_any_mixed_filament({0, 0, 0}));
+    REQUIRE(has_any_mixed_filament({0, 1, 0}));
+}
+
+TEST_CASE("expand_mixed_filaments replaces mixed slots with their components", "[FilamentMixer]")
+{
+    // Slot 2 (0-based) is a mix of physical filaments 1 and 2 (1-based) => 0 and 1 (0-based).
+    const std::vector<unsigned char> is_mixed  = {0, 0, 1};
+    const std::vector<std::string>   comp_strs = {"", "", "1,2"};
+
+    REQUIRE(expand_mixed_filaments({2}, is_mixed, comp_strs) == std::vector<unsigned int>{0, 1});
+
+    SECTION("Non-mixed entries pass through, result is sorted and deduplicated") {
+        REQUIRE(expand_mixed_filaments({2, 0}, is_mixed, comp_strs) == std::vector<unsigned int>{0, 1});
+    }
+}
+
+TEST_CASE("check_mixed_filament_integrity flags dangling component references", "[FilamentMixer]")
+{
+    const std::vector<unsigned char> is_mixed  = {0, 0, 1};
+
+    SECTION("All components resolve") {
+        REQUIRE(check_mixed_filament_integrity(is_mixed, {"", "", "1,2"}, 2).empty());
+    }
+
+    SECTION("A component past the physical filament count is broken") {
+        auto broken = check_mixed_filament_integrity(is_mixed, {"", "", "1,9"}, 2);
+        REQUIRE(broken == std::vector<size_t>{2});
+    }
+}
+
+TEST_CASE("remap_mixed_components_on_delete rewrites ids around the deleted slot", "[FilamentMixer]")
+{
+    const std::vector<unsigned char> is_mixed = {0, 0, 0, 1};
+    std::vector<std::string> comps = {"", "", "", "1,3"};
+
+    SECTION("Deleting a filament below the references shifts them down") {
+        remap_mixed_components_on_delete(is_mixed, comps, 2);
+        REQUIRE(comps[3] == "1,2");
+    }
+
+    SECTION("Deleting a referenced filament zeroes that component") {
+        remap_mixed_components_on_delete(is_mixed, comps, 1);
+        // 1 -> 0 (deleted sentinel), 3 -> 2
+        REQUIRE(comps[3] == "0,2");
+    }
+}
+
+TEST_CASE("check_mixed_filament_type_consistency flags mismatched component types", "[FilamentMixer]")
+{
+    const std::vector<unsigned char> is_mixed  = {0, 0, 1};
+    const std::vector<std::string>   comp_strs = {"", "", "1,2"};
+
+    REQUIRE(check_mixed_filament_type_consistency(is_mixed, comp_strs, {"PLA", "PLA"}).empty());
+
+    auto bad = check_mixed_filament_type_consistency(is_mixed, comp_strs, {"PLA", "PETG"});
+    REQUIRE(bad == std::vector<size_t>{2});
+}
+
+TEST_CASE("gradient curves round-trip and sample monotonically", "[FilamentMixer]")
+{
+    SECTION("Empty input yields an empty curve") {
+        REQUIRE(parse_gradient_curve("").empty());
+        REQUIRE(serialize_gradient_curve(GradientCurve{}).empty());
+    }
+
+    SECTION("Legacy 2-field anchors survive a parse/serialize round trip") {
+        GradientCurve c = parse_gradient_curve("0,0.15|0.5,0.5|1,0.85");
+        REQUIRE(c.points.size() == 3);
+
+        // Anchors with no tangent override serialize back to the 2-field legacy form
+        // (canonical fixed-precision, so compare by re-parsing rather than by string).
+        const std::string round_tripped = serialize_gradient_curve(c);
+        REQUIRE(round_tripped.find(",nan") == std::string::npos);
+
+        GradientCurve c2 = parse_gradient_curve(round_tripped);
+        REQUIRE(c2.points.size() == c.points.size());
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < c.points.size(); ++i) {
+            REQUIRE_THAT(c2.points[i].x, Catch::Matchers::WithinAbs(c.points[i].x, 1e-4));
+            REQUIRE_THAT(c2.points[i].y, Catch::Matchers::WithinAbs(c.points[i].y, 1e-4));
+        }
+    }
+
+    SECTION("Sampling is clamped at the ends and monotone in between") {
+        GradientCurve c = parse_gradient_curve("0,0.15|0.5,0.5|1,0.85");
+        REQUIRE_THAT(sample_gradient_curve(c, 0.0), Catch::Matchers::WithinAbs(0.15, 1e-9));
+        REQUIRE_THAT(sample_gradient_curve(c, 1.0), Catch::Matchers::WithinAbs(0.85, 1e-9));
+        // Outside the control point range the end values are held.
+        REQUIRE_THAT(sample_gradient_curve(c, -1.0), Catch::Matchers::WithinAbs(0.15, 1e-9));
+        REQUIRE_THAT(sample_gradient_curve(c, 2.0), Catch::Matchers::WithinAbs(0.85, 1e-9));
+
+        double prev = sample_gradient_curve(c, 0.0);
+        for (int i = 1; i <= 20; ++i) {
+            double v = sample_gradient_curve(c, i / 20.0);
+            REQUIRE(v >= prev - 1e-9);
+            prev = v;
+        }
+    }
+
+    SECTION("A curve with fewer than two points falls back to 0.5") {
+        GradientCurve c = parse_gradient_curve("0.5,0.7");
+        REQUIRE_THAT(sample_gradient_curve(c, 0.3), Catch::Matchers::WithinAbs(0.5, 1e-9));
+    }
+}
+
+TEST_CASE("blend_color mixes two hex colors", "[FilamentMixer]")
+{
+    // ratio 0 keeps the first color, ratio 1 the second.
+    REQUIRE(blend_color("#FF0000", "#0000FF", 0.0f) == "#FF0000");
+    REQUIRE(blend_color("#FF0000", "#0000FF", 1.0f) == "#0000FF");
+
+    SECTION("Blue and yellow make green, not grey (pigment mixing)") {
+        // The polynomial model approximates subtractive pigment behaviour.
+        std::string mixed = blend_color("#0021D0", "#FCD300", 0.5f);
+        REQUIRE(mixed.size() == 7);
+        REQUIRE(mixed[0] == '#');
+        auto comp = [&](int i) { return std::stoi(mixed.substr(1 + 2 * i, 2), nullptr, 16); };
+        // Green channel should dominate red and blue.
+        REQUIRE(comp(1) > comp(0));
+        REQUIRE(comp(1) > comp(2));
+    }
+}
+
+TEST_CASE("blend_color_multi weights components", "[FilamentMixer]")
+{
+    SECTION("A single component is returned unchanged") {
+        REQUIRE(blend_color_multi({"#FF0000"}, {1}) == "#FF0000");
+    }
+
+    SECTION("Mixing a color with itself stays close to that color") {
+        // The mixer is a degree-4 polynomial fit of pigment behaviour, so a round trip through
+        // it is near-identity rather than exact (the model documents a mean Delta-E around 2).
+        std::string mixed = blend_color_multi({"#123456", "#123456"}, {1, 1});
+        REQUIRE(mixed.size() == 7);
+        auto comp = [](const std::string &hex, int i) {
+            return std::stoi(hex.substr(1 + 2 * i, 2), nullptr, 16);
+        };
+        for (int i = 0; i < 3; ++i)
+            REQUIRE(std::abs(comp(mixed, i) - comp("#123456", i)) <= 8);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/libslic3r/test_preset_bundle_loading.cpp b/tests/libslic3r/test_preset_bundle_loading.cpp
index 037a76a805..5d9e60d6ef 100644
--- a/tests/libslic3r/test_preset_bundle_loading.cpp
+++ b/tests/libslic3r/test_preset_bundle_loading.cpp
@@ -566,3 +566,46 @@ TEST_CASE("A printer specific filament supersedes the generic library filament w
     CHECK(is_compatible_with_printer(generic_lib, PresetWithVendorProfile(*printer_c, nullptr)));
 }
 
+
+// Mixed-color filament metadata lives in project_config as parallel per-filament arrays.
+// set_num_filaments() is the single place that grows them alongside filament_colour; if it
+// misses them, creating a mixed slot writes past the end of the short arrays.
+TEST_CASE("set_num_filaments keeps mixed-color arrays in step with the filament count", "[Preset][Bundle][FilamentMixer]")
+{
+    static const char *kMixedKeys[] = {
+        "filament_is_mixed",
+        "filament_mixed_components",
+        "filament_mixed_sublayer_ratios",
+        "filament_mixed_gradient",
+        "filament_mixed_gradient_range",
+        "filament_mixed_gradient_curve",
+        "filament_mixed_gradient_per_part",
+    };
+
+    auto mixed_array_size = [](const DynamicPrintConfig &cfg, const std::string &key) -> size_t {
+        if (const auto *b = cfg.option<ConfigOptionBools>(key))
+            return b->values.size();
+        if (const auto *s = cfg.option<ConfigOptionStrings>(key))
+            return s->values.size();
+        return size_t(-1);   // key missing entirely
+    };
+
+    PresetBundle bundle;
+
+    const unsigned int n = GENERATE(2u, 4u, 8u);
+    bundle.set_num_filaments(n, std::string("#FF0000"));
+
+    REQUIRE(bundle.project_config.option<ConfigOptionStrings>("filament_colour")->values.size() == n);
+    for (const char *key : kMixedKeys) {
+        DYNAMIC_SECTION("grown: " << key) {
+            CHECK(mixed_array_size(bundle.project_config, key) == n);
+        }
+    }
+
+    SECTION("shrinking keeps them in step too") {
+        bundle.set_num_filaments(1, std::string("#00FF00"));
+        REQUIRE(bundle.project_config.option<ConfigOptionStrings>("filament_colour")->values.size() == 1);
+        for (const char *key : kMixedKeys)
+            CHECK(mixed_array_size(bundle.project_config, key) == 1);
+    }
+}

From 8b20a4b0665ccfe842e9767c08776e7c483cfd0f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Ian Bassi <ian.bassi@outlook.com>
Date: Wed, 12 Aug 2026 17:50:16 -0300
Subject: [PATCH 04/51] Using resolve mixed

---
 src/libslic3r/GCode/ToolOrdering.cpp | 17 +++++++++++++----
 1 file changed, 13 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/libslic3r/GCode/ToolOrdering.cpp b/src/libslic3r/GCode/ToolOrdering.cpp
index 19f8fddb93..9d2cc11d21 100644
--- a/src/libslic3r/GCode/ToolOrdering.cpp
+++ b/src/libslic3r/GCode/ToolOrdering.cpp
@@ -91,22 +91,30 @@ bool check_filament_printable_after_group(const std::vector<unsigned int> &used_
 }
 
 // Return a zero based extruder from the region, or extruder_override if overriden.
+// The region accessors below resolve mixed-color slots to the physical filament chosen for
+// this layer. Without sub-layer splitting a mixed slot is realized by alternating whole layers
+// (deficit round-robin, see resolve_mixed_filaments), so a region asking "which filament?" must
+// get the resolved physical one, not the virtual slot id. resolve_mixed() is identity when the
+// slot is not mixed, so this is a no-op for every non-mixed setup.
 unsigned int LayerTools::wall_extruder_id(const PrintRegion &region) const
 {
 	assert(region.config().outer_wall_filament_id.value > 0);
-	return ((this->extruder_override == 0) ? region.config().outer_wall_filament_id.value : this->extruder_override) - 1;
+	unsigned int result = ((this->extruder_override == 0) ? region.config().outer_wall_filament_id.value : this->extruder_override) - 1;
+	return resolve_mixed(result);
 }
 
 unsigned int LayerTools::sparse_infill_filament_id(const PrintRegion &region) const
 {
 	assert(region.config().sparse_infill_filament_id.value > 0);
-	return ((this->extruder_override == 0) ? region.config().sparse_infill_filament_id.value : this->extruder_override) - 1;
+	unsigned int result = ((this->extruder_override == 0) ? region.config().sparse_infill_filament_id.value : this->extruder_override) - 1;
+	return resolve_mixed(result);
 }
 
 unsigned int LayerTools::internal_solid_filament_id(const PrintRegion &region) const
 {
 	assert(region.config().internal_solid_filament_id.value > 0);
-	return ((this->extruder_override == 0) ? region.config().internal_solid_filament_id.value : this->extruder_override) - 1;
+	unsigned int result = ((this->extruder_override == 0) ? region.config().internal_solid_filament_id.value : this->extruder_override) - 1;
+	return resolve_mixed(result);
 }
 
 // Returns a zero based extruder this eec should be printed with, according to PrintRegion config or extruder_override if overriden.
@@ -142,7 +150,8 @@ unsigned int LayerTools::extruder(const ExtrusionEntityCollection &extrusions, c
     } else
         extruder = this->extruder_override;
 
-    return (extruder == 0) ? 0 : extruder - 1;
+    unsigned int result = (extruder == 0) ? 0 : extruder - 1;
+    return resolve_mixed(result);
 }
 
 static double calc_max_layer_height(const PrintConfig &config, double max_object_layer_height)

From 51bc06a68aecba1da00736360cf48739a441f97d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Ian Bassi <ian.bassi@outlook.com>
Date: Wed, 12 Aug 2026 17:53:21 -0300
Subject: [PATCH 05/51] USe is_mixed_slot

---
 src/libslic3r/GCode.cpp | 13 ++++++++++---
 1 file changed, 10 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/libslic3r/GCode.cpp b/src/libslic3r/GCode.cpp
index ba26f7f0da..2f8f0f90fd 100644
--- a/src/libslic3r/GCode.cpp
+++ b/src/libslic3r/GCode.cpp
@@ -6004,9 +6004,16 @@ LayerResult GCode::process_layer(
 
                             const WipingExtrusions::ExtruderPerCopy *entity_overrides = nullptr;
                             if (! layer_tools.has_extruder(correct_extruder_id)) {
-                                // this entity is not overridden, but its extruder is not in layer_tools - we'll print it
-                                // by last extruder on this layer (could happen e.g. when a wiping object is taller than others - dontcare extruders are eradicated from layer_tools)
-                                correct_extruder_id = layer_tools.extruders.back();
+                                // A mixed-color slot is absent from layer_tools.extruders by design:
+                                // resolve_mixed_filaments() replaced it with its physical components,
+                                // and the sublayer block emits its geometry separately. Reassigning it
+                                // to the last extruder here would print it in the wrong colour, so only
+                                // fall back for genuinely stale (dontcare) extruders.
+                                if (!layer_tools.is_mixed_slot(correct_extruder_id)) {
+                                    // this entity is not overridden, but its extruder is not in layer_tools - we'll print it
+                                    // by last extruder on this layer (could happen e.g. when a wiping object is taller than others - dontcare extruders are eradicated from layer_tools)
+                                    correct_extruder_id = layer_tools.extruders.back();
+                                }
                             }
                             printing_extruders.clear();
                             if (is_anything_overridden && use_overrides) {

From 76f23396ea495290a701eb0d5555640be56adc04 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Ian Bassi <ian.bassi@outlook.com>
Date: Wed, 12 Aug 2026 17:57:22 -0300
Subject: [PATCH 06/51] Use expand_mixed_slots_in_unprintables

---
 src/libslic3r/GCode/ToolOrdering.cpp | 11 +++++++++++
 1 file changed, 11 insertions(+)

diff --git a/src/libslic3r/GCode/ToolOrdering.cpp b/src/libslic3r/GCode/ToolOrdering.cpp
index 9d2cc11d21..ef5495a29e 100644
--- a/src/libslic3r/GCode/ToolOrdering.cpp
+++ b/src/libslic3r/GCode/ToolOrdering.cpp
@@ -2698,6 +2698,17 @@ void ToolOrdering::reorder_extruders_for_minimum_flush_volume(bool reorder_first
     std::vector<unsigned int> used_filaments = collect_sorted_used_filaments(layer_filaments);
 
     std::vector<std::set<int>>geometric_unprintables = m_print->get_geometric_unprintable_filaments();
+
+    // Unprintable sets are keyed by filament id, but a mixed-color slot is virtual: what actually
+    // reaches the nozzle are its components. Expand the slot to those components so a geometric
+    // restriction is applied to the filaments really being printed. No-op without mixed filaments.
+    {
+        const auto &is_mixed  = m_print->config().filament_is_mixed.values;
+        const auto &comp_strs = m_print->config().filament_mixed_components.values;
+        if (has_any_mixed_filament(is_mixed))
+            expand_mixed_slots_in_unprintables(geometric_unprintables, is_mixed, comp_strs);
+    }
+
     std::vector<std::set<int>>physical_unprintables = m_print->get_physical_unprintable_filaments(used_filaments);
     auto filament_unprintable_volumes = m_print->get_filament_unprintable_flow(used_filaments);
 

From ccd34ab03ae13f2915cc2e3a3a196c866c9b8c79 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Ian Bassi <ian.bassi@outlook.com>
Date: Wed, 12 Aug 2026 18:24:32 -0300
Subject: [PATCH 07/51] sublayers and more

---
 src/libslic3r/PresetBundle.cpp                |  85 +++++++++
 src/slic3r/GUI/GLCanvas3D.cpp                 |  19 +-
 src/slic3r/GUI/GUI_Factories.cpp              |   9 +-
 .../GUI/Gizmos/GLGizmoMmuSegmentation.cpp     |  21 +++
 .../GUI/Gizmos/GLGizmoMmuSegmentation.hpp     |   9 +
 src/slic3r/GUI/PlateSettingsDialog.cpp        |  26 +++
 src/slic3r/GUI/PlateSettingsDialog.hpp        |   3 +
 src/slic3r/GUI/Plater.cpp                     | 166 +++++++++++++++++-
 src/slic3r/GUI/Plater.hpp                     |  11 +-
 src/slic3r/GUI/SyncAmsInfoDialog.cpp          |  12 ++
 src/slic3r/GUI/Tab.cpp                        |   1 +
 11 files changed, 355 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/libslic3r/PresetBundle.cpp b/src/libslic3r/PresetBundle.cpp
index 961ed59d2b..eeb56d6e11 100644
--- a/src/libslic3r/PresetBundle.cpp
+++ b/src/libslic3r/PresetBundle.cpp
@@ -3575,6 +3575,63 @@ unsigned int PresetBundle::sync_ams_list(std::vector<std::pair<DynamicPrintConfi
     ConfigOptionStrings *filament_color_type = project_config.option<ConfigOptionStrings>("filament_colour_type");
     ConfigOptionInts *   filament_map = project_config.option<ConfigOptionInts>("filament_map");
     ConfigOptionInts *   filament_volume_map = project_config.option<ConfigOptionInts>("filament_volume_map");
+
+    // Snapshot and temporarily strip mixed filament slots so AMS sync operates on physical
+    // filaments only. A mixed slot is virtual and has no tray to sync against; leaving it in
+    // would let AMS mapping overwrite it and would break the physical-first slot ordering the
+    // rest of the feature relies on. The slots are re-appended verbatim after the sync.
+    struct MixedSlotSnapshot {
+        std::string preset;
+        std::string color;
+        std::string color_type;
+        std::string mixed_components;
+        std::string mixed_sublayer_ratios;
+        bool        mixed_gradient = false;
+        std::string mixed_gradient_range;
+        std::string mixed_gradient_curve;
+        bool        mixed_gradient_per_part = false;
+    };
+    std::vector<MixedSlotSnapshot> mixed_snapshots;
+    auto* is_mixed_opt         = project_config.option<ConfigOptionBools>("filament_is_mixed");
+    auto* mixed_comp_opt       = project_config.option<ConfigOptionStrings>("filament_mixed_components");
+    auto* mixed_ratios_opt     = project_config.option<ConfigOptionStrings>("filament_mixed_sublayer_ratios");
+    auto* mixed_gradient_opt   = project_config.option<ConfigOptionBools>("filament_mixed_gradient");
+    auto* mixed_grad_range_opt = project_config.option<ConfigOptionStrings>("filament_mixed_gradient_range");
+    auto* mixed_grad_curve_opt = project_config.option<ConfigOptionStrings>("filament_mixed_gradient_curve");
+    auto* mixed_per_part_opt   = project_config.option<ConfigOptionBools>("filament_mixed_gradient_per_part");
+    if (is_mixed_opt) {
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < is_mixed_opt->values.size() && i < this->filament_presets.size(); ++i) {
+            if (!is_mixed_opt->values[i])
+                continue;
+            MixedSlotSnapshot snap;
+            snap.preset     = this->filament_presets[i];
+            snap.color      = (i < filament_color->values.size())      ? filament_color->values[i]      : "";
+            snap.color_type = (i < filament_color_type->values.size()) ? filament_color_type->values[i] : "";
+            if (mixed_comp_opt     && i < mixed_comp_opt->values.size())     snap.mixed_components      = mixed_comp_opt->values[i];
+            if (mixed_ratios_opt   && i < mixed_ratios_opt->values.size())   snap.mixed_sublayer_ratios = mixed_ratios_opt->values[i];
+            if (mixed_gradient_opt && i < mixed_gradient_opt->values.size()) snap.mixed_gradient        = mixed_gradient_opt->values[i];
+            if (mixed_grad_range_opt && i < mixed_grad_range_opt->values.size()) snap.mixed_gradient_range = mixed_grad_range_opt->values[i];
+            if (mixed_grad_curve_opt && i < mixed_grad_curve_opt->values.size()) snap.mixed_gradient_curve = mixed_grad_curve_opt->values[i];
+            if (mixed_per_part_opt && i < mixed_per_part_opt->values.size()) snap.mixed_gradient_per_part = mixed_per_part_opt->values[i];
+            mixed_snapshots.push_back(snap);
+        }
+        if (!mixed_snapshots.empty()) {
+            BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(info) << __FUNCTION__ << ": stripping " << mixed_snapshots.size() << " mixed filament slot(s) before AMS sync";
+            size_t phys_count = this->filament_presets.size() - mixed_snapshots.size();
+            this->filament_presets.resize(phys_count);
+            filament_color->values.resize(phys_count);
+            filament_color_type->values.resize(phys_count);
+            filament_map->values.resize(phys_count, 1);
+            is_mixed_opt->values.resize(phys_count);
+            if (mixed_comp_opt)       mixed_comp_opt->values.resize(phys_count);
+            if (mixed_ratios_opt)     mixed_ratios_opt->values.resize(phys_count);
+            if (mixed_gradient_opt)   mixed_gradient_opt->values.resize(phys_count);
+            if (mixed_grad_range_opt) mixed_grad_range_opt->values.resize(phys_count);
+            if (mixed_grad_curve_opt) mixed_grad_curve_opt->values.resize(phys_count);
+            if (mixed_per_part_opt)   mixed_per_part_opt->values.resize(phys_count);
+        }
+    }
+
     if (color_only) {
         auto get_map_index = [&ams_infos](const std::vector<AMSMapInfo> &infos, const AMSMapInfo &temp) {
             for (int i = 0; i < infos.size(); i++) {
@@ -3830,6 +3887,34 @@ unsigned int PresetBundle::sync_ams_list(std::vector<std::pair<DynamicPrintConfi
         if (support_interface_filament_opt->value > filament_color_type->values.size())
             support_interface_filament_opt->value = 0;
     }
+    // Re-append mixed filament slots that were stripped before AMS sync
+    if (!mixed_snapshots.empty()) {
+        BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(info) << __FUNCTION__ << ": re-appending " << mixed_snapshots.size() << " mixed filament slot(s) after AMS sync";
+        size_t new_phys_count = this->filament_presets.size();
+        if (is_mixed_opt)         is_mixed_opt->values.resize(new_phys_count, (unsigned char)false);
+        if (mixed_comp_opt)       mixed_comp_opt->values.resize(new_phys_count);
+        if (mixed_ratios_opt)     mixed_ratios_opt->values.resize(new_phys_count);
+        if (mixed_gradient_opt)   mixed_gradient_opt->values.resize(new_phys_count, (unsigned char)false);
+        if (mixed_grad_range_opt) mixed_grad_range_opt->values.resize(new_phys_count);
+        if (mixed_grad_curve_opt) mixed_grad_curve_opt->values.resize(new_phys_count);
+        if (mixed_per_part_opt)   mixed_per_part_opt->values.resize(new_phys_count, (unsigned char)false);
+
+        for (auto& snap : mixed_snapshots) {
+            this->filament_presets.push_back(snap.preset);
+            filament_color->values.push_back(snap.color);
+            filament_color_type->values.push_back(snap.color_type);
+            ams_multi_color_filment.push_back({snap.color});
+            filament_map->values.push_back(1);
+            if (is_mixed_opt)         is_mixed_opt->values.push_back((unsigned char)true);
+            if (mixed_comp_opt)       mixed_comp_opt->values.push_back(snap.mixed_components);
+            if (mixed_ratios_opt)     mixed_ratios_opt->values.push_back(snap.mixed_sublayer_ratios);
+            if (mixed_gradient_opt)   mixed_gradient_opt->values.push_back((unsigned char)snap.mixed_gradient);
+            if (mixed_grad_range_opt) mixed_grad_range_opt->values.push_back(snap.mixed_gradient_range);
+            if (mixed_grad_curve_opt) mixed_grad_curve_opt->values.push_back(snap.mixed_gradient_curve);
+            if (mixed_per_part_opt)   mixed_per_part_opt->values.push_back((unsigned char)snap.mixed_gradient_per_part);
+        }
+    }
+
     // Update ams_multi_color_filment
     update_filament_multi_color();
     update_multi_material_filament_presets();
diff --git a/src/slic3r/GUI/GLCanvas3D.cpp b/src/slic3r/GUI/GLCanvas3D.cpp
index 967e02a907..a29ff1a9d0 100644
--- a/src/slic3r/GUI/GLCanvas3D.cpp
+++ b/src/slic3r/GUI/GLCanvas3D.cpp
@@ -8911,7 +8911,10 @@ void GLCanvas3D::_render_imgui_select_plate_toolbar()
                     m_sel_plate_toolbar.m_items[i]->slice_state = IMToolbarItem::SliceState::SLICE_FAILED;
             }
             else {
-                if ((!is_empty && !can_slice) || (plate_list.get_plate(i)->has_printable_instances() && !plate_list.get_plate(i)->can_slice()))
+                // A plate using a mixed filament whose components are broken cannot be sliced,
+                // so surface that on the plate toolbar the same way an unsliceable plate is.
+                if ((!is_empty && !can_slice) || (plate_list.get_plate(i)->has_printable_instances() && !plate_list.get_plate(i)->can_slice())
+                    || wxGetApp().plater()->sidebar().has_broken_mixed_filament(plate_list.get_plate(i)))
                     m_sel_plate_toolbar.m_items[i]->slice_state = IMToolbarItem::SliceState::SLICE_FAILED;
                 else {
                     if (plate_list.get_plate(i)->get_slicing_percent() < 0.0f)
@@ -9707,6 +9710,10 @@ void GLCanvas3D::_render_paint_toolbar() const
     bool disabled = !wxGetApp().plater()->can_fillcolor();
     ColorRGBA rgba;
 
+    // Gradient mixed filaments fade between two colours over Z, so their swatch is drawn as a
+    // two-tone fade rather than the single blended colour in `colors`.
+    auto gradient_info = wxGetApp().plater()->get_filament_gradient_info();
+
     for (int i = 0; i < extruder_num; i++) {
         if (i > 0)
             ImGui::SameLine();
@@ -9720,6 +9727,16 @@ void GLCanvas3D::_render_paint_toolbar() const
             if (!ImGui::IsMouseHoveringRect(left_arrow_button.Min, left_arrow_button.Max) && !ImGui::IsMouseHoveringRect(right_arrow_button.Min, right_arrow_button.Max))
                 wxPostEvent(m_canvas, IntEvent(EVT_GLTOOLBAR_FILLCOLOR, i + 1));
         }
+        if (i < (int) gradient_info.size() && gradient_info[i].is_gradient) {
+            auto to_imu32 = [](const std::array<float, 4> &c) -> ImU32 {
+                return IM_COL32(uint8_t(c[0]*255.f), uint8_t(c[1]*255.f), uint8_t(c[2]*255.f), uint8_t(c[3]*255.f));
+            };
+            ImVec2 r_min = ImGui::GetItemRectMin();
+            ImVec2 r_max = ImGui::GetItemRectMax();
+            ImU32 col_from = to_imu32(gradient_info[i].color_from);
+            ImU32 col_to   = to_imu32(gradient_info[i].color_to);
+            ImGui::GetWindowDrawList()->AddRectFilledMultiColor(r_min, r_max, col_from, col_to, col_to, col_from);
+        }
         if (ImGui::IsItemHovered() && i < 9) {
             if (!ImGui::IsMouseHoveringRect(left_arrow_button.Min, left_arrow_button.Max) && !ImGui::IsMouseHoveringRect(right_arrow_button.Min, right_arrow_button.Max)) {
                 ImGui::PushStyleVar(ImGuiStyleVar_WindowPadding, { 20.0f * f_scale, 10.0f * f_scale });
diff --git a/src/slic3r/GUI/GUI_Factories.cpp b/src/slic3r/GUI/GUI_Factories.cpp
index 5254492e5d..9ee74d742f 100644
--- a/src/slic3r/GUI/GUI_Factories.cpp
+++ b/src/slic3r/GUI/GUI_Factories.cpp
@@ -1684,11 +1684,18 @@ void MenuFactory::create_filament_action_menu(bool init, int active_filament_men
     append_submenu(menu, sub_menu, wxID_ANY, _L("Merge with"), "", "",
         [filaments_cnt]() { return filaments_cnt > 1; }, m_parent);
 
+    // Decompose a target colour into a printable mix of the loaded filaments. Placed before the
+    // Delete entry below so Orca's "delete last" ordering is preserved (BBS appends it after).
+    append_menu_item(
+        menu, wxID_ANY, _L("Decompose Color"), "", [](wxCommandEvent&) {
+            plater()->sidebar().decompose_filament_color(kSidebarContextMenuFilamentId); }, "", nullptr,
+        []() { return plater()->sidebar().combos_filament().size() >= 2; }, m_parent);
+
     // ORCA use delete item on end of menu to prevent accidental clicks. clicking to submenus(merge) already not allowed by OS
     const int delete_id = menu->FindItem(_L("Delete"));
     if (delete_id != wxNOT_FOUND)
         menu->Destroy(delete_id);
-    
+
     append_menu_item(
         menu, wxID_ANY, _L("Delete"), _L("Delete this filament"), [](wxCommandEvent&) {
             plater()->sidebar().delete_filament(-2); }, "", nullptr,
diff --git a/src/slic3r/GUI/Gizmos/GLGizmoMmuSegmentation.cpp b/src/slic3r/GUI/Gizmos/GLGizmoMmuSegmentation.cpp
index 0ee0230ea9..5ac8cb814c 100644
--- a/src/slic3r/GUI/Gizmos/GLGizmoMmuSegmentation.cpp
+++ b/src/slic3r/GUI/Gizmos/GLGizmoMmuSegmentation.cpp
@@ -78,6 +78,14 @@ void GLGizmoMmuSegmentation::init_extruders_data()
     m_extruders_colors      = wxGetApp().plater()->get_extruders_colors();
     m_selected_extruder_idx = 0;
 
+    auto plater_grad = wxGetApp().plater()->get_filament_gradient_info();
+    m_gradient_info.resize(m_extruders_colors.size());
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < m_gradient_info.size() && i < plater_grad.size(); ++i) {
+        m_gradient_info[i].is_gradient = plater_grad[i].is_gradient;
+        m_gradient_info[i].color_from  = plater_grad[i].color_from;
+        m_gradient_info[i].color_to    = plater_grad[i].color_to;
+    }
+
     // keep remap table consistent with current extruder count
     m_extruder_remap.resize(m_extruders_colors.size());
     for (size_t i = 0; i < m_extruder_remap.size(); ++i)
@@ -433,6 +441,19 @@ void GLGizmoMmuSegmentation::on_render_input_window(float x, float y, float bott
             m_selected_extruder_idx = extruder_idx;
         }
 
+        // Overlay a two-tone fade for gradient mixed filaments; a single flat colour would
+        // misrepresent a slot that fades between two filaments over Z.
+        if (extruder_idx < (int) m_gradient_info.size() && m_gradient_info[extruder_idx].is_gradient) {
+            auto to_imu32 = [](const std::array<float, 4> &c) -> ImU32 {
+                return IM_COL32(uint8_t(c[0]*255.f), uint8_t(c[1]*255.f), uint8_t(c[2]*255.f), uint8_t(c[3]*255.f));
+            };
+            ImVec2 r_min = ImGui::GetItemRectMin();
+            ImVec2 r_max = ImGui::GetItemRectMax();
+            ImU32 col_from = to_imu32(m_gradient_info[extruder_idx].color_from);
+            ImU32 col_to   = to_imu32(m_gradient_info[extruder_idx].color_to);
+            ImGui::GetWindowDrawList()->AddRectFilledMultiColor(r_min, r_max, col_from, col_to, col_to, col_from);
+        }
+
         if (extruder_idx < 16 && ImGui::IsItemHovered()) m_imgui->tooltip(_L("Shortcut Key ") + std::to_string(extruder_idx + 1), max_tooltip_width);
     }
     // ORCA: Remap filaments section (Border only, Title in border). 
diff --git a/src/slic3r/GUI/Gizmos/GLGizmoMmuSegmentation.hpp b/src/slic3r/GUI/Gizmos/GLGizmoMmuSegmentation.hpp
index 55308bffa9..e5448c2dcb 100644
--- a/src/slic3r/GUI/Gizmos/GLGizmoMmuSegmentation.hpp
+++ b/src/slic3r/GUI/Gizmos/GLGizmoMmuSegmentation.hpp
@@ -79,6 +79,14 @@ public:
     // will be also extended to support additional states, requiring at least one state to remain free out of 19 states.
     static const constexpr size_t EXTRUDERS_LIMIT = 16;
 
+    // Endpoint colours for gradient mixed filaments, mirrored from Plater so the extruder
+    // swatches below can be drawn as a two-tone fade instead of a single blended colour.
+    struct GradientInfo {
+        bool is_gradient = false;
+        std::array<float, 4> color_from = {0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 1.0f};
+        std::array<float, 4> color_to   = {0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 1.0f};
+    };
+
     const float get_cursor_radius_min() const override { return CursorRadiusMin; }
 
     // BBS
@@ -116,6 +124,7 @@ protected:
     
     // Filament remap feature
     std::vector<size_t>               m_extruder_remap;      // index → target extruder index
+    std::vector<GradientInfo>         m_gradient_info;       // per-slot gradient endpoints, empty entries for plain filaments
     // ORCA: Cache used filaments to filter UI
     std::set<size_t>                  m_used_filaments;      // Set of used filament indices (cached)
 
diff --git a/src/slic3r/GUI/PlateSettingsDialog.cpp b/src/slic3r/GUI/PlateSettingsDialog.cpp
index ea24d646c3..e7f1d926d9 100644
--- a/src/slic3r/GUI/PlateSettingsDialog.cpp
+++ b/src/slic3r/GUI/PlateSettingsDialog.cpp
@@ -472,6 +472,32 @@ PlateSettingsDialog::PlateSettingsDialog(wxWindow* parent, const wxString& title
     m_sizer_main->AddSpacer(FromDIP(5));
     m_sizer_main->Add(m_other_layers_seq_panel, 0, wxEXPAND | wxLEFT | wxRIGHT, FromDIP(30));
 
+    // A mixed-color slot resolves to a different physical filament per layer, so a user-defined
+    // filament order cannot be honoured. Disable the choice and say why. BBS puts this warning
+    // inside its button sizer; Orca builds the buttons with DialogButtons, so it gets its own row.
+    {
+        auto &proj_cfg     = wxGetApp().preset_bundle->project_config;
+        auto *is_mixed_opt = proj_cfg.option<ConfigOptionBools>("filament_is_mixed");
+        if (is_mixed_opt && Slic3r::has_any_mixed_filament(is_mixed_opt->values)) {
+            m_first_layer_print_seq_choice->Enable(false);
+            m_other_layers_seq_panel->enable_seq_choice(false);
+
+            auto *warn_sizer = new wxBoxSizer(wxHORIZONTAL);
+            auto *warn_icon  = new wxStaticBitmap(this, wxID_ANY, create_scaled_bitmap("warning", this, 16),
+                                                  wxDefaultPosition, wxSize(FromDIP(16), FromDIP(16)));
+            auto *warn_text  = new wxStaticText(this, wxID_ANY,
+                _L("The filament list contains mixed filaments. Custom filament sequence will not take effect."));
+            warn_text->SetForegroundColour(wxColour(255, 111, 0));
+            warn_text->SetFont(Label::Body_12);
+            warn_text->Wrap(FromDIP(300));
+
+            warn_sizer->Add(warn_icon, 0, wxALIGN_CENTER_VERTICAL | wxRIGHT, FromDIP(5));
+            warn_sizer->Add(warn_text, 1, wxALIGN_CENTER_VERTICAL, 0);
+            m_sizer_main->AddSpacer(FromDIP(5));
+            m_sizer_main->Add(warn_sizer, 0, wxEXPAND | wxLEFT | wxRIGHT, FromDIP(30));
+        }
+    }
+
     auto dlg_btns = new DialogButtons(this, {"OK", "Cancel"});
 
     dlg_btns->GetOK()->Bind(wxEVT_BUTTON, [this](auto& e) {
diff --git a/src/slic3r/GUI/PlateSettingsDialog.hpp b/src/slic3r/GUI/PlateSettingsDialog.hpp
index 1e61b0a708..b94739348f 100644
--- a/src/slic3r/GUI/PlateSettingsDialog.hpp
+++ b/src/slic3r/GUI/PlateSettingsDialog.hpp
@@ -62,6 +62,9 @@ public:
     int get_layers_print_seq_choice() { return m_other_layer_print_seq_choice->GetSelection(); };
 
     std::vector<LayerSeqInfo> get_layers_print_seq_infos() { return m_layer_seq_infos; }
+    // Lets callers grey out the sequence choice (e.g. when a mixed filament makes a
+    // user-defined filament order impossible).
+    void enable_seq_choice(bool enable) { m_other_layer_print_seq_choice->Enable(enable); }
 
 protected:
     void append_layer(const LayerSeqInfo* layer_info = nullptr);
diff --git a/src/slic3r/GUI/Plater.cpp b/src/slic3r/GUI/Plater.cpp
index 676d29b961..2fc8ca482d 100644
--- a/src/slic3r/GUI/Plater.cpp
+++ b/src/slic3r/GUI/Plater.cpp
@@ -5355,9 +5355,16 @@ void Sidebar::delete_filament(size_t filament_id, int replace_filament_id) {
         p->editing_filament = -1;
     }
 
+    // update_num_filaments() shrinks filament_is_mixed along with the other per-filament arrays,
+    // so snapshot it first — the paint cleanup below needs to know which slots were mixed
+    // *before* the delete to avoid discarding assignments to still-valid mixed slots.
+    std::vector<unsigned char> is_mixed_snapshot;
+    if (auto* opt = wxGetApp().preset_bundle->project_config.option<ConfigOptionBools>("filament_is_mixed"))
+        is_mixed_snapshot = opt->values;
+
     wxGetApp().preset_bundle->update_num_filaments(filament_id);
     wxGetApp().plater()->get_partplate_list().on_filament_deleted(filament_count, filament_id);
-    wxGetApp().plater()->on_filaments_delete(filament_count, filament_id, replace_filament_id > (int)filament_id ? (replace_filament_id - 1) : replace_filament_id);
+    wxGetApp().plater()->on_filaments_delete(filament_count, filament_id, replace_filament_id > (int)filament_id ? (replace_filament_id - 1) : replace_filament_id, is_mixed_snapshot);
     wxGetApp().get_tab(Preset::TYPE_PRINT)->update();
     wxGetApp().preset_bundle->export_selections(*wxGetApp().app_config);
 
@@ -5374,6 +5381,36 @@ void Sidebar::delete_filament(size_t filament_id, int replace_filament_id) {
 
 void Sidebar::change_filament(size_t from_id, size_t to_id)
 {
+    // Merging a physical filament into a mixed one that lists it as a component would delete
+    // the very filament the mix depends on, leaving it broken. Warn before doing so.
+    auto& pb = *wxGetApp().preset_bundle;
+    bool from_is_physical = !pb.is_mixed_filament(from_id);
+    bool to_is_mixed = pb.is_mixed_filament(to_id);
+
+    if (from_is_physical && to_is_mixed) {
+        auto* comp_opt = pb.project_config.option<ConfigOptionStrings>("filament_mixed_components");
+        if (comp_opt && to_id < comp_opt->values.size()) {
+            auto comps = Slic3r::parse_mixed_components(comp_opt->values[to_id]);
+            unsigned int from_1based = (unsigned int)from_id + 1;
+            bool target_uses_source = false;
+            for (unsigned int c : comps) {
+                if (c == from_1based) {
+                    target_uses_source = true;
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+            if (target_uses_source) {
+                int ret = wxMessageBox(
+                    _L("The target mixed filament uses this physical filament as a component. "
+                       "Merging will remove this physical filament and may invalidate the mixed filament. Continue?"),
+                    _L("Warning"),
+                    wxOK | wxCANCEL | wxICON_WARNING);
+                if (ret != wxOK)
+                    return;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
     delete_filament(from_id, int(to_id));
 }
 
@@ -9744,7 +9781,11 @@ void Plater::priv::object_list_changed()
 
     // BBS
     //sidebar->enable_buttons(!model.objects.empty() && !export_in_progress && model_fits && part_plate->has_printable_instances());
-    bool can_slice = !model.objects.empty() && !export_in_progress && model_fits && part_plate->has_printable_instances();
+    // A mixed filament with deleted or type-mismatched components cannot be resolved at slicing
+    // time, so block the slice buttons the same way MainFrame::get_enable_slice_status() does.
+    bool mixed_broken = sidebar->has_broken_mixed_filament();
+    bool can_slice = !model.objects.empty() && !export_in_progress && model_fits && part_plate->has_printable_instances()
+                     && !mixed_broken;
     BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(info) << __FUNCTION__ << boost::format(": can_slice %1%, model_fits= %2%, export_in_progress %3%, has_printable_instances %4% ")%can_slice %model_fits %export_in_progress %part_plate->has_printable_instances();
     main_frame->update_slice_print_status(MainFrame::eEventObjectUpdate, can_slice);
 
@@ -13963,6 +14004,25 @@ bool Plater::priv::can_layers_editing() const
 
 void Plater::priv::on_action_layersediting(SimpleEvent&)
 {
+    // Sub-layer splitting divides each layer by the mix ratio, so an adaptive layer profile makes
+    // those sub-layer heights vary and degrades the blend. ConfigManipulation warns when the
+    // option is switched on with a variable profile already present; this is the other direction,
+    // warning when variable layer editing is switched on while the option is active. Both honour
+    // the same do-not-show-again flag.
+    if (!view3D->is_layers_editing_enabled()) {
+        const auto& print_config = wxGetApp().preset_bundle->prints.get_edited_preset().config;
+        if (print_config.opt_bool("enable_mixed_color_sublayer")) {
+            if (wxGetApp().app_config->get("no_warn_mixed_sublayer_variable_layer") != "1") {
+                MessageDialog dlg(q,
+                    _L("Using variable layer height together with mixed color sublayer may result in poor color mixing quality."),
+                    _L("Warning"), wxICON_WARNING | wxOK);
+                dlg.show_dsa_button();
+                dlg.ShowModal();
+                if (dlg.get_checkbox_state())
+                    wxGetApp().app_config->set("no_warn_mixed_sublayer_variable_layer", "1");
+            }
+        }
+    }
     view3D->enable_layers_editing(!view3D->is_layers_editing_enabled());
     notification_manager->set_move_from_overlay(view3D->is_layers_editing_enabled());
 }
@@ -19385,7 +19445,7 @@ void Plater::on_filament_count_change(size_t num_filaments)
     }
 }
 
-void Plater::on_filaments_delete(size_t num_filaments, size_t filament_id, int replace_filament_id)
+void Plater::on_filaments_delete(size_t num_filaments, size_t filament_id, int replace_filament_id, const std::vector<unsigned char>& is_mixed_before_delete)
 {
     // only update elements in plater
     update_filament_colors_in_full_config();
@@ -19399,9 +19459,15 @@ void Plater::on_filaments_delete(size_t num_filaments, size_t filament_id, int r
     }*/
 
     // update mmu info
+    // A volume assigned to a mixed slot legitimately sits past the physical filament count, so
+    // the paint cleanup must know which slots were mixed. Callers that already shrank the arrays
+    // pass the pre-delete flags; otherwise read the current ones.
+    const auto &is_mixed = is_mixed_before_delete.empty()
+        ? wxGetApp().preset_bundle->project_config.option<ConfigOptionBools>("filament_is_mixed")->values
+        : is_mixed_before_delete;
     for (ModelObject *mo : wxGetApp().model().objects) {
         for (ModelVolume *mv : mo->volumes) {
-            mv->update_extruder_count_when_delete_filament(num_filaments, filament_id + 1, replace_filament_id + 1);  // this function is 1 base
+            mv->update_extruder_count_when_delete_filament(num_filaments, filament_id + 1, replace_filament_id + 1, is_mixed);  // this function is 1 base
         }
     }
 
@@ -19740,6 +19806,63 @@ std::vector<std::string> Plater::get_extruder_colors_from_plater_config(const GC
     }
 }
 
+namespace {
+
+// A gradient mixed filament fades between its two components over Z, so the UI shows it as a
+// two-tone swatch rather than one blended colour. Resolve each slot to its from/to endpoint
+// colours; non-gradient slots are left untouched.
+struct MixedGradientSlot {
+    bool        is_gradient = false;
+    std::string color_from;
+    std::string color_to;
+};
+
+std::vector<MixedGradientSlot> parse_mixed_gradient_slots(const Slic3r::DynamicPrintConfig& config, size_t slot_count)
+{
+    std::vector<MixedGradientSlot> result(slot_count);
+    const auto* is_mixed   = config.option<ConfigOptionBools>("filament_is_mixed");
+    const auto* mixed_grad = config.option<ConfigOptionBools>("filament_mixed_gradient");
+    const auto* mixed_comp = config.option<ConfigOptionStrings>("filament_mixed_components");
+    const auto* grad_range = config.option<ConfigOptionStrings>("filament_mixed_gradient_range");
+    const auto* fil_colour = config.option<ConfigOptionStrings>("filament_colour");
+    if (!is_mixed || !mixed_grad || !mixed_comp || !fil_colour) return result;
+
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < slot_count && i < is_mixed->values.size(); ++i) {
+        if (!is_mixed->values[i]) continue;
+        if (i >= mixed_grad->values.size() || !mixed_grad->values[i]) continue;
+        if (i >= mixed_comp->values.size()) continue;
+
+        std::vector<unsigned int> comp_ids;
+        std::istringstream iss(mixed_comp->values[i]);
+        std::string tok;
+        while (std::getline(iss, tok, ',')) {
+            unsigned int v = 0;
+            if (std::sscanf(tok.c_str(), "%u", &v) == 1)
+                comp_ids.push_back(v);
+        }
+        if (comp_ids.size() != 2) continue;
+
+        int direction = 0;
+        if (grad_range && i < grad_range->values.size()) {
+            CNumericLocalesSetter c_locale_setter;
+            float v0 = 0, v1 = 0;
+            if (std::sscanf(grad_range->values[i].c_str(), "%f,%f", &v0, &v1) == 2)
+                direction = (v0 > v1) ? 0 : 1;
+        }
+
+        unsigned int from_id = (direction == 0) ? comp_ids[0] : comp_ids[1];
+        unsigned int to_id   = (direction == 0) ? comp_ids[1] : comp_ids[0];
+        result[i].is_gradient = true;
+        result[i].color_from = (from_id >= 1 && from_id <= fil_colour->values.size())
+            ? fil_colour->values[from_id - 1] : "#D9D9D9";
+        result[i].color_to = (to_id >= 1 && to_id <= fil_colour->values.size())
+            ? fil_colour->values[to_id - 1] : "#D9D9D9";
+    }
+    return result;
+}
+
+} // anonymous namespace
+
 std::vector<std::string> Plater::get_filament_colors_render_info() const
 {
     const Slic3r::DynamicPrintConfig* config = &wxGetApp().preset_bundle->project_config;
@@ -19747,6 +19870,13 @@ std::vector<std::string> Plater::get_filament_colors_render_info() const
     if (!config->has("filament_multi_colour")) return color_packs;
 
     color_packs = (config->option<ConfigOptionStrings>("filament_multi_colour"))->values;
+
+    auto slots = parse_mixed_gradient_slots(*config, color_packs.size());
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < color_packs.size(); ++i) {
+        if (slots[i].is_gradient)
+            color_packs[i] = slots[i].color_from + " " + slots[i].color_to;
+    }
+
     return color_packs;
 }
 
@@ -19757,9 +19887,37 @@ std::vector<std::string> Plater::get_filament_color_render_type() const
     if (!config->has("filament_colour_type")) return ctype;
 
     ctype = (config->option<ConfigOptionStrings>("filament_colour_type"))->values;
+
+    auto slots = parse_mixed_gradient_slots(*config, ctype.size());
+    while (ctype.size() < slots.size()) ctype.push_back("1");
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < ctype.size() && i < slots.size(); ++i) {
+        if (slots[i].is_gradient)
+            ctype[i] = "0";
+    }
+
     return ctype;
 }
 
+std::vector<Plater::FilamentGradientInfo> Plater::get_filament_gradient_info() const
+{
+    const Slic3r::DynamicPrintConfig* config = &wxGetApp().preset_bundle->project_config;
+    size_t n = get_extruder_colors_from_plater_config().size();
+    std::vector<FilamentGradientInfo> info(n);
+
+    auto slots = parse_mixed_gradient_slots(*config, n);
+    unsigned char rgba[4] = {};
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
+        if (!slots[i].is_gradient) continue;
+        info[i].is_gradient = true;
+        Slic3r::GUI::BitmapCache::parse_color4(slots[i].color_from, rgba);
+        info[i].color_from = {rgba[0] / 255.f, rgba[1] / 255.f, rgba[2] / 255.f, rgba[3] / 255.f};
+        Slic3r::GUI::BitmapCache::parse_color4(slots[i].color_to, rgba);
+        info[i].color_to = {rgba[0] / 255.f, rgba[1] / 255.f, rgba[2] / 255.f, rgba[3] / 255.f};
+    }
+
+    return info;
+}
+
 /* Get vector of colors used for rendering of a Preview scene in "Color print" mode
  * It consists of extruder colors and colors, saved in model.custom_gcode_per_print_z
  */
diff --git a/src/slic3r/GUI/Plater.hpp b/src/slic3r/GUI/Plater.hpp
index 49bc247c59..147f61bed6 100644
--- a/src/slic3r/GUI/Plater.hpp
+++ b/src/slic3r/GUI/Plater.hpp
@@ -591,7 +591,7 @@ public:
 
     void on_filament_change(size_t filament_idx);
     void on_filament_count_change(size_t extruders_count);
-    void on_filaments_delete(size_t extruders_count, size_t filament_id, int replace_filament_id = -1);
+    void on_filaments_delete(size_t extruders_count, size_t filament_id, int replace_filament_id = -1, const std::vector<unsigned char>& is_mixed_before_delete = {});
     std::vector<Slic3r::ColorRGBA> get_extruders_colors();
     // BBS
     void on_bed_type_change(BedType bed_type);
@@ -606,6 +606,15 @@ public:
     std::vector<std::string> get_extruder_colors_from_plater_config(const GCodeProcessorResult* const result = nullptr) const;
     std::vector<std::string> get_filament_colors_render_info() const;
     std::vector<std::string> get_filament_color_render_type() const;
+
+    // Endpoint colours for gradient mixed filaments, so the 3D scene and the paint gizmo can
+    // draw a two-tone swatch. is_gradient is false for every ordinary filament slot.
+    struct FilamentGradientInfo {
+        bool is_gradient = false;
+        std::array<float, 4> color_from = {0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 1.0f};
+        std::array<float, 4> color_to   = {0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 1.0f};
+    };
+    std::vector<FilamentGradientInfo> get_filament_gradient_info() const;
     std::vector<std::string> get_colors_for_color_print(const GCodeProcessorResult* const result = nullptr) const;
 
     void set_global_filament_map_mode(FilamentMapMode mode);
diff --git a/src/slic3r/GUI/SyncAmsInfoDialog.cpp b/src/slic3r/GUI/SyncAmsInfoDialog.cpp
index ea67ad5b31..3524d89c74 100644
--- a/src/slic3r/GUI/SyncAmsInfoDialog.cpp
+++ b/src/slic3r/GUI/SyncAmsInfoDialog.cpp
@@ -2575,6 +2575,10 @@ void SyncAmsInfoDialog::reset_and_sync_ams_list()
     m_materialList.clear();
     m_filaments.clear();
 
+    // Mixed-color slots are virtual: they never occupy a tray, so they must not appear as
+    // AMS sync targets. Look the flags up once and skip those slots in the loop below.
+    auto* is_mixed_opt = preset_bundle->project_config.option<ConfigOptionBools>("filament_is_mixed");
+
     bool use_double_extruder = get_is_double_extruder();
     if (use_double_extruder) {
         const auto &project_config = preset_bundle->project_config;
@@ -2592,6 +2596,8 @@ void SyncAmsInfoDialog::reset_and_sync_ams_list()
         auto colour_rgb = wxColour((int) rgb[0], (int) rgb[1], (int) rgb[2], (int) rgb[3]);
         if (extruder >= materials.size() || extruder < 0 || extruder >= display_materials.size())
             continue;
+        if (is_mixed_opt && extruder < (int) is_mixed_opt->values.size() && is_mixed_opt->values[extruder])
+            continue;
 
         if (contronal_index % SYNC_FLEX_GRID_COL == 0) {
             wxBoxSizer *ams_tip_sizer = new wxBoxSizer(wxVERTICAL);
@@ -2793,6 +2799,10 @@ void SyncAmsInfoDialog::generate_override_fix_ams_list()
     m_fix_materialList.clear();
     m_fix_filaments.clear();
 
+    // Mixed-color slots are virtual: they never occupy a tray, so they must not appear as
+    // AMS sync targets. Look the flags up once and skip those slots in the loop below.
+    auto* is_mixed_opt = preset_bundle->project_config.option<ConfigOptionBools>("filament_is_mixed");
+
     bool use_double_extruder = get_is_double_extruder();
     if (use_double_extruder) {
         const auto &project_config = preset_bundle->project_config;
@@ -2810,6 +2820,8 @@ void SyncAmsInfoDialog::generate_override_fix_ams_list()
         auto colour_rgb = wxColour((int) rgb[0], (int) rgb[1], (int) rgb[2], (int) rgb[3]);
         if (extruder >= extruders.size() || extruder < 0 || extruder >= m_ams_combo_info.ams_filament_colors.size())
             continue;
+        if (is_mixed_opt && extruder < (int) is_mixed_opt->values.size() && is_mixed_opt->values[extruder])
+            continue;
 
         if (contronal_index % SYNC_FLEX_GRID_COL == 0) {
             wxBoxSizer *ams_tip_sizer = new wxBoxSizer(wxVERTICAL);
diff --git a/src/slic3r/GUI/Tab.cpp b/src/slic3r/GUI/Tab.cpp
index 42796dd3e5..045ce9c43c 100644
--- a/src/slic3r/GUI/Tab.cpp
+++ b/src/slic3r/GUI/Tab.cpp
@@ -2630,6 +2630,7 @@ void TabPrint::build()
         auto optgroup = page->new_optgroup(L("Layer height"), L"param_layer_height");
         optgroup->append_single_option_line("layer_height","quality_settings_layer_height");
         optgroup->append_single_option_line("initial_layer_print_height","quality_settings_layer_height");
+        optgroup->append_single_option_line("enable_mixed_color_sublayer");
 
         optgroup = page->new_optgroup(L("Line width"), L"param_line_width");
         optgroup->append_single_option_line("line_width","quality_settings_line_width");

From 72a68e9a0f2f11e448d317fe002b1f887595ed0e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Ian Bassi <ian.bassi@outlook.com>
Date: Wed, 12 Aug 2026 19:17:00 -0300
Subject: [PATCH 08/51] assimp

---
 deps/Assimp/Assimp.cmake              |  40 ++++
 deps/CMakeLists.txt                   |   4 +
 src/libslic3r/CMakeLists.txt          |   4 +
 src/libslic3r/Format/AssimpImport.cpp | 327 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 src/libslic3r/Format/AssimpImport.hpp |  11 +
 src/libslic3r/Model.cpp               |  39 +++
 src/slic3r/GUI/GUI_App.cpp            |   4 +-
 7 files changed, 427 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 deps/Assimp/Assimp.cmake
 create mode 100644 src/libslic3r/Format/AssimpImport.cpp
 create mode 100644 src/libslic3r/Format/AssimpImport.hpp

diff --git a/deps/Assimp/Assimp.cmake b/deps/Assimp/Assimp.cmake
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8b4de03b09
--- /dev/null
+++ b/deps/Assimp/Assimp.cmake
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+if(CMAKE_VERSION VERSION_LESS 3.22)
+    set(_assimp_url "https://github.com/assimp/assimp/archive/refs/tags/v5.3.1.tar.gz")
+    set(_assimp_hash "SHA256=a07666be71afe1ad4bc008c2336b7c688aca391271188eb9108d0c6db1be53f1")
+else()
+    set(_assimp_url "https://github.com/assimp/assimp/archive/refs/tags/v5.4.3.tar.gz")
+    set(_assimp_hash "SHA256=66dfbaee288f2bc43172440a55d0235dfc7bf885dda6435c038e8000e79582cb")
+endif()
+
+# Assimp's bundled zlib (contrib/zlib) is too old to compile against the modern
+# macOS SDK: its zutil.h takes the classic-Mac branch under TARGET_OS_MAC and
+# does `#define fdopen(fd,mode) NULL`, which then clobbers the SDK's real
+# `fdopen` prototype in <stdio.h> and breaks the build. On macOS use the system
+# zlib (already found by find_package(ZLIB) in deps-unix-common) instead.
+if(APPLE)
+    set(_assimp_build_zlib "-DASSIMP_BUILD_ZLIB=OFF")
+else()
+    set(_assimp_build_zlib "-DASSIMP_BUILD_ZLIB=ON")
+endif()
+
+orcaslicer_add_cmake_project(Assimp
+    URL ${_assimp_url}
+    URL_HASH ${_assimp_hash}
+    CMAKE_ARGS
+        -DASSIMP_BUILD_TESTS=OFF
+        -DASSIMP_BUILD_SAMPLES=OFF
+        -DASSIMP_BUILD_ASSIMP_TOOLS=OFF
+        -DASSIMP_INSTALL_PDB=OFF
+        -DASSIMP_NO_EXPORT=ON
+        -DASSIMP_BUILD_ALL_IMPORTERS_BY_DEFAULT=OFF
+        -DASSIMP_BUILD_GLTF_IMPORTER=ON
+        -DASSIMP_BUILD_OBJ_IMPORTER=ON
+        -DASSIMP_BUILD_FBX_IMPORTER=ON
+        ${_assimp_build_zlib}
+        -DASSIMP_WARNINGS_AS_ERRORS=OFF
+        -DBUILD_WITH_STATIC_CRT=OFF
+)
+
+if (MSVC)
+    add_debug_dep(dep_Assimp)
+endif ()
diff --git a/deps/CMakeLists.txt b/deps/CMakeLists.txt
index 39cc5de182..8f4bc2a215 100644
--- a/deps/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/deps/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -367,6 +367,9 @@ include(libnoise/libnoise.cmake)
 
 include(Draco/Draco.cmake)
 
+# Assimp: glTF/GLB/FBX import for the texture-to-color feature.
+include(Assimp/Assimp.cmake)
+
 
 # I *think* 1.1 is used for *just* md5 hashing?
 # 3.1 has everything in the right place, but the md5 funcs used are deprecated
@@ -448,6 +451,7 @@ set(_dep_list
     dep_libnoise
     dep_python3
     dep_wxInspector
+    dep_Assimp
     )
 
 if (MSVC)
diff --git a/src/libslic3r/CMakeLists.txt b/src/libslic3r/CMakeLists.txt
index b8e537c5aa..2880a3cc6b 100644
--- a/src/libslic3r/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/src/libslic3r/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -205,6 +205,8 @@ set(lisbslic3r_sources
     format.hpp
     Format/OBJ.cpp
     Format/OBJ.hpp
+    Format/AssimpImport.hpp
+    Format/AssimpImport.cpp
     Format/ResourcePathUtils.hpp
     Format/objparser.cpp
     Format/objparser.hpp
@@ -521,6 +523,7 @@ cmake_policy(SET CMP0011 NEW)
 set(CMAKE_POLICY_DEFAULT_CMP0167 NEW)
 find_package(CGAL REQUIRED)
 find_package(OpenCV REQUIRED core)
+find_package(assimp REQUIRED)
 unset(CMAKE_POLICY_DEFAULT_CMP0167)
 cmake_policy(POP)
 
@@ -609,6 +612,7 @@ target_link_libraries(libslic3r
         libnest2d
         miniz
         opencv_world
+        assimp::assimp
     PRIVATE
         ${CMAKE_DL_LIBS}
         ${EXPAT_LIBRARIES}
diff --git a/src/libslic3r/Format/AssimpImport.cpp b/src/libslic3r/Format/AssimpImport.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f0ae99506a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/libslic3r/Format/AssimpImport.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,327 @@
+#include "AssimpImport.hpp"
+
+#include "../TexturePainting.hpp"
+#include "ResourcePathUtils.hpp"
+
+#include <assimp/Importer.hpp>
+#include <assimp/config.h>
+#include <assimp/material.h>
+#include <assimp/postprocess.h>
+#include <assimp/scene.h>
+
+#include <boost/algorithm/string/predicate.hpp>
+#include <boost/filesystem.hpp>
+#include <boost/log/trivial.hpp>
+#include <boost/nowide/fstream.hpp>
+
+#include <array>
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <limits>
+#include <sstream>
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
+namespace Slic3r {
+namespace {
+
+void clear_textured_mesh(TexturedMesh& out)
+{
+    out.vertices.clear();
+    out.indices.clear();
+    out.uvs.clear();
+    out.uv_coords.clear();
+    out.uv_indices.clear();
+    out.textures.clear();
+    out.material_ids.clear();
+    out.material_texture_map.clear();
+    out.material_colors.clear();
+}
+
+void set_error_message(std::string* error_message, const std::string& message)
+{
+    if (error_message)
+        *error_message = message;
+}
+
+bool is_fbx_path(const std::string& path)
+{
+    return boost::algorithm::iends_with(path, ".fbx");
+}
+
+bool should_flip_uvs(const std::string& path)
+{
+    return boost::algorithm::iends_with(path, ".fbx") ||
+           boost::algorithm::iends_with(path, ".glb");
+}
+
+unsigned int assimp_import_flags(const std::string& path)
+{
+    unsigned int flags = aiProcess_Triangulate
+                       | aiProcess_GenNormals
+                       | aiProcess_PreTransformVertices
+                       | aiProcess_SortByPType;
+    if (should_flip_uvs(path))
+        flags |= aiProcess_FlipUVs;
+    return flags;
+}
+
+void configure_importer(Assimp::Importer& importer, const std::string& path, unsigned int flags)
+{
+    importer.SetPropertyInteger(AI_CONFIG_PP_SBP_REMOVE,
+        aiPrimitiveType_POINT | aiPrimitiveType_LINE);
+
+    if (flags & aiProcess_PreTransformVertices)
+        importer.SetPropertyBool(AI_CONFIG_PP_PTV_KEEP_HIERARCHY, true);
+
+    if (is_fbx_path(path)) {
+        importer.SetPropertyBool(AI_CONFIG_IMPORT_FBX_READ_ALL_GEOMETRY_LAYERS, true);
+        importer.SetPropertyBool(AI_CONFIG_IMPORT_FBX_READ_MATERIALS, true);
+        importer.SetPropertyBool(AI_CONFIG_IMPORT_FBX_READ_TEXTURES, true);
+        importer.SetPropertyBool(AI_CONFIG_IMPORT_FBX_READ_ANIMATIONS, false);
+        importer.SetPropertyBool(AI_CONFIG_IMPORT_FBX_READ_LIGHTS, false);
+        importer.SetPropertyBool(AI_CONFIG_IMPORT_FBX_READ_CAMERAS, false);
+    }
+}
+
+bool read_external_texture_file(const boost::filesystem::path& path, TextureImage& out)
+{
+    boost::nowide::ifstream file(path.string(), std::ios::binary | std::ios::ate);
+    if (!file.is_open())
+        return false;
+
+    const std::streamoff size = file.tellg();
+    if (size <= 0)
+        return false;
+    if (static_cast<uintmax_t>(size) > static_cast<uintmax_t>(std::numeric_limits<size_t>::max()))
+        return false;
+
+    file.seekg(0);
+    out.width = -1;
+    out.height = -1;
+    out.channels = 0;
+    out.data.resize(static_cast<size_t>(size));
+    file.read(reinterpret_cast<char*>(out.data.data()), size);
+    if (!file && !file.eof()) {
+        out.data.clear();
+        return false;
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool read_embedded_texture(const aiTexture& texture, TextureImage& out)
+{
+    out.data.clear();
+    if (texture.mHeight == 0) {
+        if (texture.mWidth == 0)
+            return false;
+        out.width = -1;
+        out.height = -1;
+        out.channels = 0;
+        out.data.assign(
+            reinterpret_cast<const unsigned char*>(texture.pcData),
+            reinterpret_cast<const unsigned char*>(texture.pcData) + texture.mWidth);
+        return !out.data.empty();
+    }
+
+    if (texture.mWidth == 0 || texture.mHeight == 0)
+        return false;
+    if (texture.mWidth > static_cast<unsigned int>(std::numeric_limits<int>::max()) ||
+        texture.mHeight > static_cast<unsigned int>(std::numeric_limits<int>::max())) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    const size_t width = static_cast<size_t>(texture.mWidth);
+    const size_t height = static_cast<size_t>(texture.mHeight);
+    if (width > std::numeric_limits<size_t>::max() / height ||
+        width * height > std::numeric_limits<size_t>::max() / 4) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    out.width = static_cast<int>(texture.mWidth);
+    out.height = static_cast<int>(texture.mHeight);
+    out.channels = 4;
+    const size_t pixel_count = width * height;
+    out.data.resize(pixel_count * 4);
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < pixel_count; ++i) {
+        const aiTexel& texel = texture.pcData[i];
+        out.data[i * 4 + 0] = texel.r;
+        out.data[i * 4 + 1] = texel.g;
+        out.data[i * 4 + 2] = texel.b;
+        out.data[i * 4 + 3] = texel.a;
+    }
+    return !out.data.empty();
+}
+
+bool get_material_texture(const aiMaterial& material, aiString& texture_path)
+{
+    if (material.GetTextureCount(aiTextureType_DIFFUSE) > 0 &&
+        material.GetTexture(aiTextureType_DIFFUSE, 0, &texture_path) == AI_SUCCESS) {
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    if (material.GetTextureCount(aiTextureType_BASE_COLOR) > 0 &&
+        material.GetTexture(aiTextureType_BASE_COLOR, 0, &texture_path) == AI_SUCCESS) {
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    return false;
+}
+
+std::array<float, 4> get_material_color(const aiMaterial& material)
+{
+    aiColor4D color(1.f, 1.f, 1.f, 1.f);
+    if (material.Get(AI_MATKEY_BASE_COLOR, color) == AI_SUCCESS)
+        return {color.r, color.g, color.b, color.a};
+    if (material.Get(AI_MATKEY_COLOR_DIFFUSE, color) == AI_SUCCESS)
+        return {color.r, color.g, color.b, color.a};
+    return {1.f, 1.f, 1.f, 1.f};
+}
+
+bool collect_mesh(const aiMesh& mesh, size_t& vertex_offset, TexturedMesh& out, std::string& error)
+{
+    if (mesh.mNumVertices > static_cast<size_t>(std::numeric_limits<int>::max()) - vertex_offset) {
+        error = "Assimp mesh has too many vertices for TexturedMesh indices";
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    for (unsigned int i = 0; i < mesh.mNumVertices; ++i) {
+        const aiVector3D& v = mesh.mVertices[i];
+        out.vertices.push_back({v.x, v.y, v.z});
+
+        if (mesh.HasTextureCoords(0)) {
+            const aiVector3D& uv = mesh.mTextureCoords[0][i];
+            out.uvs.push_back({uv.x, uv.y});
+        } else {
+            out.uvs.push_back({0.f, 0.f});
+        }
+    }
+
+    const int material_index = static_cast<int>(mesh.mMaterialIndex);
+    for (unsigned int i = 0; i < mesh.mNumFaces; ++i) {
+        const aiFace& face = mesh.mFaces[i];
+        if (face.mNumIndices != 3)
+            continue;
+        if (face.mIndices[0] >= mesh.mNumVertices ||
+            face.mIndices[1] >= mesh.mNumVertices ||
+            face.mIndices[2] >= mesh.mNumVertices) {
+            error = "Assimp mesh face index is out of bounds";
+            return false;
+        }
+        out.indices.push_back({
+            static_cast<int>(static_cast<size_t>(face.mIndices[0]) + vertex_offset),
+            static_cast<int>(static_cast<size_t>(face.mIndices[1]) + vertex_offset),
+            static_cast<int>(static_cast<size_t>(face.mIndices[2]) + vertex_offset)});
+        out.material_ids.push_back(material_index);
+    }
+
+    vertex_offset += mesh.mNumVertices;
+    return true;
+}
+
+void collect_materials(const aiScene& scene, const boost::filesystem::path& base_dir, TexturedMesh& out)
+{
+    out.material_texture_map.assign(scene.mNumMaterials, -1);
+    out.material_colors.assign(scene.mNumMaterials, {1.f, 1.f, 1.f, 1.f});
+
+    for (unsigned int material_index = 0; material_index < scene.mNumMaterials; ++material_index) {
+        const aiMaterial* material = scene.mMaterials[material_index];
+        if (!material)
+            continue;
+
+        out.material_colors[material_index] = get_material_color(*material);
+
+        aiString texture_path;
+        if (!get_material_texture(*material, texture_path))
+            continue;
+
+        TextureImage image;
+        const aiTexture* embedded_texture = scene.GetEmbeddedTexture(texture_path.C_Str());
+        if (embedded_texture) {
+            if (!read_embedded_texture(*embedded_texture, image))
+                continue;
+        } else {
+            const boost::filesystem::path resolved = resource_path::resolve_external_resource_path(
+                base_dir, texture_path.C_Str(), "Assimp texture");
+            if (resolved.empty()) {
+                BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(warning) << "AssimpImport: texture file not found: "
+                                           << texture_path.C_Str();
+                continue;
+            }
+            if (!read_external_texture_file(resolved, image)) {
+                BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(warning) << "AssimpImport: failed to read texture: "
+                                           << resolved;
+                continue;
+            }
+        }
+
+        out.material_texture_map[material_index] = static_cast<int>(out.textures.size());
+        out.textures.push_back(std::move(image));
+    }
+}
+
+std::string scene_failure_summary(const std::string& path, const char* assimp_error)
+{
+    std::ostringstream ss;
+    ss << "Assimp failed to import " << path;
+    if (assimp_error && assimp_error[0] != '\0')
+        ss << ": " << assimp_error;
+    return ss.str();
+}
+
+} // namespace
+
+bool load_assimp_textured_model(const std::string& path, TexturedMesh& out, std::string* error_message)
+{
+    clear_textured_mesh(out);
+
+    Assimp::Importer importer;
+    const unsigned int flags = assimp_import_flags(path);
+    configure_importer(importer, path, flags);
+
+    const aiScene* scene = importer.ReadFile(path, flags);
+    if (!scene || (scene->mFlags & AI_SCENE_FLAGS_INCOMPLETE) || !scene->mRootNode) {
+        const std::string message = scene_failure_summary(path, importer.GetErrorString());
+        BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(error) << "AssimpImport: " << message;
+        set_error_message(error_message, message);
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    if (scene->mNumMeshes == 0) {
+        const std::string message = "Assimp scene has no meshes: " + path;
+        BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(error) << "AssimpImport: " << message;
+        set_error_message(error_message, message);
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    size_t vertex_offset = 0;
+    for (unsigned int mesh_index = 0; mesh_index < scene->mNumMeshes; ++mesh_index) {
+        const aiMesh* mesh = scene->mMeshes[mesh_index];
+        if (!mesh || !mesh->HasPositions())
+            continue;
+        std::string mesh_error;
+        if (!collect_mesh(*mesh, vertex_offset, out, mesh_error)) {
+            const std::string message = mesh_error + ": " + path;
+            BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(error) << "AssimpImport: " << message;
+            set_error_message(error_message, message);
+            clear_textured_mesh(out);
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (out.vertices.empty() || out.indices.empty()) {
+        const std::string message = "Assimp extracted no valid triangles: " + path;
+        BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(error) << "AssimpImport: " << message;
+        set_error_message(error_message, message);
+        clear_textured_mesh(out);
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    collect_materials(*scene, boost::filesystem::path(path).parent_path(), out);
+
+    BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(info) << "AssimpImport: loaded " << out.vertices.size()
+                            << " vertices, " << out.indices.size()
+                            << " triangles, " << out.textures.size()
+                            << " textures from " << path;
+    return true;
+}
+
+} // namespace Slic3r
diff --git a/src/libslic3r/Format/AssimpImport.hpp b/src/libslic3r/Format/AssimpImport.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..80c3e2dc91
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/libslic3r/Format/AssimpImport.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <string>
+
+namespace Slic3r {
+
+struct TexturedMesh;
+
+bool load_assimp_textured_model(const std::string& path, TexturedMesh& out, std::string* error_message = nullptr);
+
+} // namespace Slic3r
diff --git a/src/libslic3r/Model.cpp b/src/libslic3r/Model.cpp
index 3617e85991..c9322eff3c 100644
--- a/src/libslic3r/Model.cpp
+++ b/src/libslic3r/Model.cpp
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 #include "libslic3r.h"
 #include "BuildVolume.hpp"
 #include "TexturePainting.hpp"
+#include "Format/AssimpImport.hpp"
 #include "ClipperUtils.hpp"
 #include "Exception.hpp"
 #include "Model.hpp"
@@ -242,6 +243,27 @@ _finished:
 // BBS: add part plate related logic
 // BBS: backup & restore
 // Loading model from a file, it may be a simple geometry file as STL or OBJ, however it may be a project file as well.
+// Build a plain geometry ModelObject from a textured mesh. The texture itself is carried
+// separately on Model::texture_mesh and consumed by the texture import dialog.
+static void add_textured_mesh_to_model(Model& model, const TexturedMesh& tex_mesh, const std::string& input_file)
+{
+    std::string object_name = boost::filesystem::path(input_file).filename().string();
+
+    indexed_triangle_set its;
+    its.vertices.resize(tex_mesh.vertices.size());
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < tex_mesh.vertices.size(); ++i)
+        its.vertices[i] = Vec3f(tex_mesh.vertices[i][0], tex_mesh.vertices[i][1], tex_mesh.vertices[i][2]);
+    its.indices.resize(tex_mesh.indices.size());
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < tex_mesh.indices.size(); ++i)
+        its.indices[i] = Vec3i32(tex_mesh.indices[i][0], tex_mesh.indices[i][1], tex_mesh.indices[i][2]);
+
+    its_merge_vertices(its);
+    its_remove_degenerate_faces(its);
+    its_compactify_vertices(its);
+
+    model.add_object(object_name.c_str(), input_file.c_str(), std::move(TriangleMesh(std::move(its))));
+}
+
 Model Model::read_from_file(const std::string&                                  input_file,
                             DynamicPrintConfig*                                 config,
                             ConfigSubstitutionContext*                          config_substitutions,
@@ -325,6 +347,23 @@ Model Model::read_from_file(const std::string&
             }*/
         }
     }
+    else if (boost::algorithm::iends_with(input_file, ".glb") ||
+             boost::algorithm::iends_with(input_file, ".gltf") ||
+             boost::algorithm::iends_with(input_file, ".fbx")) {
+        // These formats always carry material/texture data, so they go through the textured
+        // import path: the geometry becomes a normal object and the texture is handed to the
+        // texture-to-color dialog via Model::texture_mesh.
+        auto tex_mesh = std::make_shared<TexturedMesh>();
+        result = load_assimp_textured_model(input_file, *tex_mesh, &message);
+        if (result) {
+            model.texture_mesh = tex_mesh;
+            add_textured_mesh_to_model(model, *tex_mesh, input_file);
+        } else if (!message.empty()) {
+            BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(error) << "Assimp: failed to load model: " << message
+                                     << ", path=" << input_file;
+            message = _L("The file format is incompatible and cannot be parsed.");
+        }
+    }
     else if (boost::algorithm::iends_with(input_file, ".svg"))
         result = load_svg(input_file.c_str(), &model, message);
     //BBS: remove the old .amf.xml files
diff --git a/src/slic3r/GUI/GUI_App.cpp b/src/slic3r/GUI/GUI_App.cpp
index 6028ada640..12e8500dbc 100644
--- a/src/slic3r/GUI/GUI_App.cpp
+++ b/src/slic3r/GUI/GUI_App.cpp
@@ -521,10 +521,10 @@ static const FileWildcards file_wildcards_by_type[FT_SIZE] = {
     /* FT_GCODE */   { L("G-code files"),    { ".gcode"sv} },
 #ifdef __APPLE__
     /* FT_MODEL */
-    {L("Supported files"), {".3mf"sv, ".stl"sv, ".oltp"sv, ".stp"sv, ".step"sv, ".svg"sv, ".amf"sv, ".obj"sv, ".usd"sv, ".usda"sv, ".usdc"sv, ".usdz"sv, ".abc"sv, ".ply"sv, ".drc"sv}},
+    {L("Supported files"), {".3mf"sv, ".stl"sv, ".oltp"sv, ".stp"sv, ".step"sv, ".svg"sv, ".amf"sv, ".obj"sv, ".gltf"sv, ".glb"sv, ".fbx"sv, ".usd"sv, ".usda"sv, ".usdc"sv, ".usdz"sv, ".abc"sv, ".ply"sv, ".drc"sv}},
 #else
     /* FT_MODEL */
-    {L("Supported files"), {".3mf"sv, ".stl"sv, ".oltp"sv, ".stp"sv, ".step"sv, ".svg"sv, ".amf"sv, ".obj"sv, ".drc"sv}},
+    {L("Supported files"), {".3mf"sv, ".stl"sv, ".oltp"sv, ".stp"sv, ".step"sv, ".svg"sv, ".amf"sv, ".obj"sv, ".gltf"sv, ".glb"sv, ".fbx"sv, ".drc"sv}},
 #endif
     /* FT_ZIP */     { L("ZIP files"),       { ".zip"sv } },
     /* FT_PROJECT */ { L("Project files"),   { ".3mf"sv} },

From 86a7e93a48caaaf897249c1296bef2392da0218c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Ian Bassi <ian.bassi@outlook.com>
Date: Wed, 12 Aug 2026 20:46:10 -0300
Subject: [PATCH 09/51] Layer subdivision fix

---
 src/libslic3r/GCode.cpp                 |  30 +++++-
 tests/fff_print/CMakeLists.txt          |   1 +
 tests/fff_print/test_mixed_filament.cpp | 137 ++++++++++++++++++++++++
 3 files changed, 165 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 tests/fff_print/test_mixed_filament.cpp

diff --git a/src/libslic3r/GCode.cpp b/src/libslic3r/GCode.cpp
index 2f8f0f90fd..f42591b6be 100644
--- a/src/libslic3r/GCode.cpp
+++ b/src/libslic3r/GCode.cpp
@@ -6101,7 +6101,17 @@ LayerResult GCode::process_layer(
         const bool island_level_ordering = print.config().print_sequence != PrintSequence::ByObject &&
             single_object_instance_idx == size_t(-1) &&
             print.config().print_order != PrintOrder::AsObjectList;
-        for (unsigned int filament_id : layer_tools.extruders) {
+        // A mixed-color slot is absent from layer_tools.extruders by design: resolve_mixed_filaments()
+        // replaced it with its physical components. Its geometry is still keyed under the slot in
+        // by_extruder though, and the sublayer emitter looks the plan up by slot id, so append the
+        // slots here. Appended (not merged) so the existing order is untouched, and empty for every
+        // configuration without sublayer splitting.
+        std::vector<unsigned int> plan_filaments = layer_tools.extruders;
+        for (const auto &grp : layer_tools.mixed_sub_layer_groups)
+            if (std::find(plan_filaments.begin(), plan_filaments.end(), grp.mixed_slot_0based) == plan_filaments.end())
+                plan_filaments.push_back(grp.mixed_slot_0based);
+
+        for (unsigned int filament_id : plan_filaments) {
             auto objects_by_extruder_it = by_extruder.find(filament_id);
             if (objects_by_extruder_it == by_extruder.end()) continue;
 
@@ -6282,8 +6292,22 @@ LayerResult GCode::process_layer(
         }
 
         if (print.config().print_sequence == PrintSequence::ByLayer && m_enable_exclude_object && print.config().support_object_skip_flush.value) {
-            std::vector<size_t> filament_instances_id;
-            for (InstanceToPrint &instance : filament_to_print_instances[extruder_id].first) filament_instances_id.emplace_back(instance.label_object_id);
+            std::set<size_t> all_label_ids;
+            for (InstanceToPrint &instance : filament_to_print_instances[extruder_id].first)
+                all_label_ids.insert(instance.label_object_id);
+            // This extruder may also be printing sub-layers on behalf of a mixed slot, whose
+            // instances live under the slot id. Their labels belong in the same skip set, or
+            // exclude-object would not skip that geometry.
+            for (const auto &grp : layer_tools.mixed_sub_layer_groups)
+                for (unsigned int comp : grp.components_0based)
+                    if (comp == extruder_id) {
+                        auto mit = filament_to_print_instances.find(grp.mixed_slot_0based);
+                        if (mit != filament_to_print_instances.end())
+                            for (const InstanceToPrint &inst : mit->second.first)
+                                all_label_ids.insert(inst.label_object_id);
+                        break;
+                    }
+            std::vector<size_t> filament_instances_id(all_label_ids.begin(), all_label_ids.end());
             m_filament_instances_code = _encode_label_ids_to_base64(filament_instances_id);
         }
 
diff --git a/tests/fff_print/CMakeLists.txt b/tests/fff_print/CMakeLists.txt
index 43afd4281d..fc46bb8fdc 100644
--- a/tests/fff_print/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/tests/fff_print/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ add_executable(${_TEST_NAME}_tests
 	test_perimeters.cpp
 	test_print.cpp
 	test_printobject.cpp
+	test_mixed_filament.cpp
 	test_skirt_brim.cpp
 	test_slicing_pipeline_hook.cpp
 	test_support_material.cpp
diff --git a/tests/fff_print/test_mixed_filament.cpp b/tests/fff_print/test_mixed_filament.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4f4d914cc2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/fff_print/test_mixed_filament.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,137 @@
+#include <catch2/catch_all.hpp>
+
+#include "libslic3r/GCode/ToolOrdering.hpp"
+#include "libslic3r/Print.hpp"
+
+#include "test_helpers.hpp"
+
+using namespace Slic3r;
+using namespace Slic3r::Test;
+
+namespace {
+
+// Two physical filaments plus one mixed slot (config index 2, 1-based id 3) blending them 60/40.
+// The mixed arrays are parallel to filament_colour and must be sized to the filament count.
+// Note ConfigOptionBools deserializes on ',' while ConfigOptionStrings uses ';'.
+DynamicPrintConfig mixed_config(bool sublayer_on, const char *ratios = "0.6,0.4")
+{
+    DynamicPrintConfig config = multifilament_config(3);
+    config.set_deserialize_strict({
+        {"filament_is_mixed",               "0,0,1"},
+        {"filament_mixed_components",       ";;1,2"},
+        {"filament_mixed_sublayer_ratios",  std::string(";;") + ratios},
+        {"filament_mixed_gradient",         "0,0,0"},
+        {"filament_mixed_gradient_range",   ";;"},
+        {"filament_mixed_gradient_curve",   ";;"},
+        {"filament_mixed_gradient_per_part","0,0,0"},
+        {"enable_mixed_color_sublayer",     sublayer_on ? "1" : "0"},
+        // Assign every region role to the mixed slot so it actually participates in slicing.
+        {"outer_wall_filament_id",          "3"},
+        {"inner_wall_filament_id",          "3"},
+        {"sparse_infill_filament_id",       "3"},
+        {"internal_solid_filament_id",      "3"},
+        {"top_surface_filament_id",         "3"},
+        {"bottom_surface_filament_id",      "3"},
+    });
+    return config;
+}
+
+// Total sub-layer groups and per-layer DRR resolutions across the whole tool ordering.
+void count_mixed(ToolOrdering &to, size_t &groups, size_t &resolutions)
+{
+    groups = resolutions = 0;
+    for (const LayerTools &lt : to.layer_tools()) {
+        groups      += lt.mixed_sub_layer_groups.size();
+        resolutions += lt.mixed_filament_resolution.size();
+    }
+}
+
+} // namespace
+
+TEST_CASE("enable_mixed_color_sublayer reaches the Print config", "[MixedFilament]")
+{
+    Print print;
+    Model model;
+    init_print({cube(20)}, print, model, mixed_config(true));
+
+    // The option lives in PrintConfig; if it did not survive Print::apply the slicer would
+    // silently fall back to the whole-layer path.
+    CHECK(print.config().enable_mixed_color_sublayer.value == true);
+    REQUIRE(print.config().filament_is_mixed.values.size() == 3);
+    CHECK(print.config().filament_is_mixed.values[2] == true);
+    REQUIRE(print.config().filament_mixed_components.values.size() == 3);
+    CHECK(print.config().filament_mixed_components.values[2] == "1,2");
+}
+
+TEST_CASE("Mixed filament splits layers into sub-layers when the option is on", "[MixedFilament]")
+{
+    Print print;
+    Model model;
+    init_print({cube(20)}, print, model, mixed_config(true));
+    print.process();
+
+    ToolOrdering &to = const_cast<ToolOrdering &>(print.tool_ordering());
+    REQUIRE(!to.layer_tools().empty());
+
+    size_t groups = 0, resolutions = 0;
+    count_mixed(to, groups, resolutions);
+
+    INFO("layers=" << to.layer_tools().size() << " groups=" << groups);
+    CHECK(groups > 0);
+}
+
+TEST_CASE("Mixed filament alternates whole layers when the option is off", "[MixedFilament]")
+{
+    Print print;
+    Model model;
+    init_print({cube(20)}, print, model, mixed_config(false));
+    print.process();
+
+    ToolOrdering &to = const_cast<ToolOrdering &>(print.tool_ordering());
+    REQUIRE(!to.layer_tools().empty());
+
+    size_t groups = 0, resolutions = 0;
+    count_mixed(to, groups, resolutions);
+
+    // With splitting off the slot is realized by the deficit round-robin scheduler instead:
+    // no sub-layer groups, but a per-layer resolution to one physical component.
+    INFO("layers=" << to.layer_tools().size() << " resolutions=" << resolutions);
+    CHECK(groups == 0);
+    CHECK(resolutions > 0);
+}
+
+TEST_CASE("Sub-layer splitting emits the scaled sub-heights into G-code", "[MixedFilament]")
+{
+    // layer_height 0.2 split 60/40 gives sub-layers of 0.12 and 0.08. The emitter reports the
+    // sub-height (not the nominal layer height) in the HEIGHT tag and scales flow to match.
+    DynamicPrintConfig config = mixed_config(true);
+    config.set_deserialize_strict({{"layer_height", "0.2"}, {"initial_layer_print_height", "0.2"}});
+
+    Print print;
+    Model model;
+    init_print({cube(20)}, print, model, config);
+    print.process();
+    const std::string gc = Slic3r::Test::gcode(print);
+
+    REQUIRE(!gc.empty());
+    INFO("gcode bytes=" << gc.size());
+    CHECK(gc.find(";HEIGHT:0.12") != std::string::npos);
+    CHECK(gc.find(";HEIGHT:0.08") != std::string::npos);
+}
+
+TEST_CASE("Whole-layer mixing emits only the nominal layer height", "[MixedFilament]")
+{
+    DynamicPrintConfig config = mixed_config(false);
+    config.set_deserialize_strict({{"layer_height", "0.2"}, {"initial_layer_print_height", "0.2"}});
+
+    Print print;
+    Model model;
+    init_print({cube(20)}, print, model, config);
+    print.process();
+    const std::string gc = Slic3r::Test::gcode(print);
+
+    REQUIRE(!gc.empty());
+    // No sub-layer split, so the 60/40 sub-heights must never appear.
+    CHECK(gc.find(";HEIGHT:0.12") == std::string::npos);
+    CHECK(gc.find(";HEIGHT:0.08") == std::string::npos);
+}

From 42f708bbb67f70d63efc495fba09db61d5cb565b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Ian Bassi <ian.bassi@outlook.com>
Date: Thu, 13 Aug 2026 10:21:58 -0300
Subject: [PATCH 10/51] Fixes from Full spectrum port

https://github.com/OrcaSlicer/OrcaSlicer/pull/14383
---
 src/libslic3r/PresetBundle.cpp                |   2 +-
 src/libslic3r/PrintApply.cpp                  |   3 +-
 src/libslic3r/TriangleSelector.cpp            |  50 +++++--
 src/libslic3r/TriangleSelector.hpp            |  22 +++-
 src/libslic3r/libslic3r.h                     |   6 +
 src/slic3r/GUI/3DScene.cpp                    |  18 ++-
 src/slic3r/GUI/ConfigManipulation.cpp         |  60 +++++----
 src/slic3r/GUI/GLCanvas3D.cpp                 |   8 ++
 .../GUI/Gizmos/GLGizmoMmuSegmentation.cpp     |   2 +-
 .../GUI/Gizmos/GLGizmoMmuSegmentation.hpp     |   9 +-
 src/slic3r/GUI/Gizmos/GLGizmosManager.cpp     |  46 +++++--
 src/slic3r/GUI/Gizmos/GLGizmosManager.hpp     |   2 +
 tests/libslic3r/CMakeLists.txt                |   1 +
 tests/libslic3r/test_triangle_selector.cpp    | 124 ++++++++++++++++++
 14 files changed, 288 insertions(+), 65 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 tests/libslic3r/test_triangle_selector.cpp

diff --git a/src/libslic3r/PresetBundle.cpp b/src/libslic3r/PresetBundle.cpp
index eeb56d6e11..a71b5a9d18 100644
--- a/src/libslic3r/PresetBundle.cpp
+++ b/src/libslic3r/PresetBundle.cpp
@@ -3795,7 +3795,7 @@ unsigned int PresetBundle::sync_ams_list(std::vector<std::pair<DynamicPrintConfi
                 return -1;
             };
             for (size_t i = 0; i < need_append_colors.size(); i++){
-                if (exist_filament_presets.size() >= size_t(EnforcerBlockerType::ExtruderMax)){
+                if (exist_filament_presets.size() >= MAXIMUM_AMS_SYNC_FILAMENT_NUMBER){
                     break;
                 }
                 auto idx = get_idx_in_array(exist_filament_presets, exist_colors, need_append_colors[i].filament_preset, need_append_colors[i].filament_color);
diff --git a/src/libslic3r/PrintApply.cpp b/src/libslic3r/PrintApply.cpp
index bb9da850ca..7eb40946a4 100644
--- a/src/libslic3r/PrintApply.cpp
+++ b/src/libslic3r/PrintApply.cpp
@@ -1931,7 +1931,8 @@ Print::ApplyStatus Print::apply(const Model &model, DynamicPrintConfig new_full_
             for (const ModelVolume *volume : volumes) {
                 const std::vector<bool> &volume_used_facet_states = volume->mmu_segmentation_facets.get_data().used_states;
 
-                assert(volume_used_facet_states.size() == used_facet_states.size());
+                // Sizes may legitimately differ: paint data stored before the state range was
+                // extended carries a shorter used_states vector. Merge over the common prefix.
                 for (size_t state_idx = 0; state_idx < std::min(volume_used_facet_states.size(), used_facet_states.size()); ++state_idx)
                     used_facet_states[state_idx] |= volume_used_facet_states[state_idx];
             }
diff --git a/src/libslic3r/TriangleSelector.cpp b/src/libslic3r/TriangleSelector.cpp
index 12f314a799..b47004fca5 100644
--- a/src/libslic3r/TriangleSelector.cpp
+++ b/src/libslic3r/TriangleSelector.cpp
@@ -1736,13 +1736,22 @@ TriangleSelector::TriangleSplittingData TriangleSelector::serialize() const {
                     data.used_states[n] = true;
 
                 if (n >= 3) {
-                    assert(n <= 16);
-                    if (n <= 16) {
-                        // Store "11" plus 4 bits of (n-3).
-                        data.bitstream.insert(data.bitstream.end(), { true, true });
-                        n -= 3;
+                    assert(n <= int(EnforcerBlockerType::ExtruderMax));
+                    // Store "11" plus 4 bits of (n-3), which covers states 3..17. State 18 and
+                    // above set that nibble to 0b1111 and store (n-18) in a second nibble. This is
+                    // the encoding the CONST_FILAMENTS table in Model.cpp already writes for
+                    // colored mesh imports.
+                    data.bitstream.insert(data.bitstream.end(), { true, true });
+                    auto &bitstream = data.bitstream;
+                    auto push_nibble = [&bitstream](int value) {
                         for (size_t bit_idx = 0; bit_idx < 4; ++bit_idx)
-                            data.bitstream.push_back(n & (uint64_t(0b0001) << bit_idx));
+                            bitstream.push_back(value & (uint64_t(0b0001) << bit_idx));
+                    };
+                    if (n <= 17) {
+                        push_nibble(n - 3);
+                    } else {
+                        push_nibble(0b1111);
+                        push_nibble(n - 18);
                     }
                 } else {
                     // Simple case, compatible with PrusaSlicer 2.3.1 and older for storing paint on supports and seams.
@@ -1810,6 +1819,12 @@ void TriangleSelector::deserialize(const TriangleSplittingData &data,
                 n |= data.bitstream[ibit ++] << i;
             return n;
         };
+        // Decode a leaf state stored behind the "11" prefix: one nibble of (state-3) for states
+        // 3..17, or 0b1111 followed by a nibble of (state-18) above that.
+        auto decode_leaf_state = [&next_nibble]() {
+            const int nibble = next_nibble();
+            return EnforcerBlockerType(nibble == 0b1111 ? next_nibble() + 18 : nibble + 3);
+        };
 
         parents.clear();
         while (true) {
@@ -1818,8 +1833,8 @@ void TriangleSelector::deserialize(const TriangleSplittingData &data,
             int num_of_split_sides = code & 0b11;
             int num_of_children = num_of_split_sides == 0 ? 0 : num_of_split_sides + 1;
             bool is_split = num_of_children != 0;
-            // Only valid if not is_split. Value of the second nibble was subtracted by 3, so it is added back.
-            auto state = is_split ? EnforcerBlockerType::NONE : EnforcerBlockerType((code & 0b1100) == 0b1100 ? next_nibble() + 3 : code >> 2);
+            // Only valid if not is_split.
+            auto state = is_split ? EnforcerBlockerType::NONE : ((code & 0b1100) == 0b1100 ? decode_leaf_state() : EnforcerBlockerType(code >> 2));
 
             // BBS
             if (state == to_delete_filament)
@@ -1916,7 +1931,14 @@ void TriangleSelector::TriangleSplittingData::update_used_states(const size_t bi
         if (const bool is_split = (code & 0b11) != 0; is_split)
             continue;
 
-        const uint8_t facet_state = (code & 0b1100) == 0b1100 ? read_next_nibble() + 3 : code >> 2;
+        uint8_t facet_state;
+        if ((code & 0b1100) == 0b1100) {
+            // Leaf behind the "11" prefix: one nibble of (state-3), or 0b1111 + (state-18).
+            const uint8_t nibble = read_next_nibble();
+            facet_state = nibble == 0b1111 ? uint8_t(read_next_nibble() + 18) : uint8_t(nibble + 3);
+        } else {
+            facet_state = code >> 2;
+        }
         assert(facet_state < this->used_states.size());
         if (facet_state >= this->used_states.size())
             continue;
@@ -1946,9 +1968,13 @@ bool TriangleSelector::has_facets(const TriangleSplittingData &data, const Enfor
         auto num_children_or_state = [&next_nibble]() -> int {
             int code               = next_nibble();
             int num_of_split_sides = code & 0b11;
-            return num_of_split_sides == 0 ?
-                ((code & 0b1100) == 0b1100 ? next_nibble() + 3 : code >> 2) :
-                - num_of_split_sides - 1;
+            if (num_of_split_sides != 0)
+                return - num_of_split_sides - 1;
+            if ((code & 0b1100) != 0b1100)
+                return code >> 2;
+            // Leaf behind the "11" prefix: one nibble of (state-3), or 0b1111 + (state-18).
+            const int nibble = next_nibble();
+            return nibble == 0b1111 ? next_nibble() + 18 : nibble + 3;
         };
 
         int state = num_children_or_state();
diff --git a/src/libslic3r/TriangleSelector.hpp b/src/libslic3r/TriangleSelector.hpp
index 41d189cdd1..594f710e45 100644
--- a/src/libslic3r/TriangleSelector.hpp
+++ b/src/libslic3r/TriangleSelector.hpp
@@ -17,7 +17,9 @@ enum class EnforcerBlockerType : int8_t {
     BLOCKER   = 2,
     // For the fuzzy skin, we use just two values (NONE and FUZZY_SKIN).
     FUZZY_SKIN = ENFORCER,
-    // Maximum is 15. The value is serialized in TriangleSelector into 6 bits using a 2 bit prefix code.
+    // States 3..17 are serialized into 6 bits using a 2 bit prefix code; states 18 and above use
+    // one additional nibble (see TriangleSelector::serialize). ExtruderMax matches the last entry
+    // of CONST_FILAMENTS in Model.cpp, which encodes the same range for colored mesh imports.
     Extruder1 = ENFORCER,
     Extruder2 = BLOCKER,
     Extruder3,
@@ -34,7 +36,23 @@ enum class EnforcerBlockerType : int8_t {
     Extruder14,
     Extruder15,
     Extruder16,
-    ExtruderMax = Extruder16
+    Extruder17,
+    Extruder18,
+    Extruder19,
+    Extruder20,
+    Extruder21,
+    Extruder22,
+    Extruder23,
+    Extruder24,
+    Extruder25,
+    Extruder26,
+    Extruder27,
+    Extruder28,
+    Extruder29,
+    Extruder30,
+    Extruder31,
+    Extruder32,
+    ExtruderMax = Extruder32
 };
 
 // Type alias for the state mapping array to improve code readability
diff --git a/src/libslic3r/libslic3r.h b/src/libslic3r/libslic3r.h
index f4291d36df..dee0a93087 100644
--- a/src/libslic3r/libslic3r.h
+++ b/src/libslic3r/libslic3r.h
@@ -64,6 +64,12 @@ static constexpr double LARGE_BED_THRESHOLD = 2147;
 // Orca: maximum number of extruders is 64. For SEMM printers, it defines maximum filament number.
 static constexpr size_t MAXIMUM_EXTRUDER_NUMBER = 64;
 
+// Orca: how many filament slots syncing an AMS setup may create. This used to follow
+// EnforcerBlockerType::ExtruderMax, which capped it at the number of paintable filaments; that
+// limit has since been raised to 32, so the value is pinned here to keep AMS sync behaving as
+// before for projects that use no mixed-colour filaments.
+static constexpr size_t MAXIMUM_AMS_SYNC_FILAMENT_NUMBER = 16;
+
 // Orca: maximum line width is 5 times the nozzle diameter
 static constexpr float MAX_LINE_WIDTH_MULTIPLIER = 5;
 
diff --git a/src/slic3r/GUI/3DScene.cpp b/src/slic3r/GUI/3DScene.cpp
index bf5d1f2421..f65c0e3532 100644
--- a/src/slic3r/GUI/3DScene.cpp
+++ b/src/slic3r/GUI/3DScene.cpp
@@ -682,13 +682,19 @@ void GLVolume::simple_render(GLShaderProgram* shader, ModelObjectPtrs& model_obj
             if (shader) {
                 if (idx == 0) {
                     int extruder_id = model_volume->extruder_id();
-                    //to make black not too hard too see
-                    ColorRGBA new_color = adjust_color_for_rendering(extruder_colors[extruder_id - 1]);
-                    if (ban_light) {
-                        new_color[3] = (255 - (extruder_id - 1))/255.0f;
+                    // ORCA: extruder_id may be 0 (unset) or point past the colour list after a
+                    // filament is deleted/remapped, so clamp the index instead of reading out of
+                    // bounds.
+                    if (!extruder_colors.empty()) {
+                        int color_idx = std::clamp(extruder_id - 1, 0, int(extruder_colors.size()) - 1);
+                        //to make black not too hard too see
+                        ColorRGBA new_color = adjust_color_for_rendering(extruder_colors[color_idx]);
+                        if (ban_light) {
+                            new_color[3] = (255 - color_idx)/255.0f;
+                        }
+                        m.set_color(new_color);
+                        // shader->set_uniform("uniform_color", new_color);
                     }
-                    m.set_color(new_color);
-                    // shader->set_uniform("uniform_color", new_color);
                 }
                 else {
                     if (idx <= extruder_colors.size()) {
diff --git a/src/slic3r/GUI/ConfigManipulation.cpp b/src/slic3r/GUI/ConfigManipulation.cpp
index 519e75d9d2..1d44d1b356 100644
--- a/src/slic3r/GUI/ConfigManipulation.cpp
+++ b/src/slic3r/GUI/ConfigManipulation.cpp
@@ -577,36 +577,40 @@ void ConfigManipulation::update_print_fff_config(DynamicPrintConfig* config, con
     }
 
     // BBS
-    // A per-role filament override must name a real, physical filament. Out-of-range values are
-    // stale; a mixed-color slot is virtual and cannot be driven directly by a role override, so
-    // both are reset to 0 ("inherit the object's filament"). The object's own extruder assignment
-    // is what legitimately carries a mixed slot. Orca splits BBS's wall/solid_infill roles into
-    // six keys, so all of them are checked here.
-    static const char* keys[] = { "support_filament", "support_interface_filament",
-                                  "outer_wall_filament_id", "inner_wall_filament_id",
-                                  "sparse_infill_filament_id", "internal_solid_filament_id",
-                                  "top_surface_filament_id", "bottom_surface_filament_id" };
-    for (int i = 0; i < sizeof(keys) / sizeof(keys[0]); i++) {
-        std::string key = std::string(keys[i]);
+    // A filament override naming a slot that no longer exists is stale and falls back to the
+    // plater's value. Support is additionally restricted to physical filaments: the support paths
+    // (ToolOrdering::collect_extruders, Print::validate) consume support_filament directly, with
+    // no per-layer mixed resolution, so a virtual slot there would reach the G-code unresolved.
+    // The per-feature keys have no such restriction — LayerTools::extruder() and its siblings
+    // resolve a mixed slot to the physical filament chosen for each layer.
+    static const char* support_keys[] = { "support_filament", "support_interface_filament" };
+    static const char* feature_keys[] = { "outer_wall_filament_id", "inner_wall_filament_id",
+                                          "sparse_infill_filament_id", "internal_solid_filament_id",
+                                          "top_surface_filament_id", "bottom_surface_filament_id" };
+    auto reset_invalid_filament = [this, config, filament_cnt](const char* key, bool allow_mixed) {
         auto* opt = dynamic_cast<ConfigOptionInt*>(config->option(key, false));
-        if (opt != nullptr) {
-            int  val          = opt->getInt();
-            bool out_of_range = val > filament_cnt;
-            bool is_mixed     = (val > 0 && val <= filament_cnt &&
-                                 wxGetApp().preset_bundle->is_mixed_filament(val - 1));
-            if (out_of_range || is_mixed) {
-                DynamicPrintConfig new_conf = *config;
-                int new_value = 0;
-                if (out_of_range) {
-                    const DynamicPrintConfig *conf_temp = wxGetApp().plater()->config();
-                    if (conf_temp != nullptr && conf_temp->has(key))
-                        new_value = conf_temp->opt_int(key);
-                }
-                new_conf.set_key_value(key, new ConfigOptionInt(new_value));
-                apply(config, &new_conf);
-            }
+        if (opt == nullptr)
+            return;
+        const int  val          = opt->getInt();
+        const bool out_of_range = val > filament_cnt;
+        const bool is_mixed     = !allow_mixed && val > 0 && val <= filament_cnt &&
+                                  wxGetApp().preset_bundle->is_mixed_filament(val - 1);
+        if (!out_of_range && !is_mixed)
+            return;
+        DynamicPrintConfig new_conf = *config;
+        int new_value = 0;
+        if (out_of_range) {
+            const DynamicPrintConfig *conf_temp = wxGetApp().plater()->config();
+            if (conf_temp != nullptr && conf_temp->has(key))
+                new_value = conf_temp->opt_int(key);
         }
-    }
+        new_conf.set_key_value(key, new ConfigOptionInt(new_value));
+        apply(config, &new_conf);
+    };
+    for (const char* key : support_keys)
+        reset_invalid_filament(key, false);
+    for (const char* key : feature_keys)
+        reset_invalid_filament(key, true);
 
     // Sub-layer splitting divides each layer by the mix ratio; an adaptive layer profile makes
     // those sub-layer heights vary per layer, which degrades the blend. Warn once per enable.
diff --git a/src/slic3r/GUI/GLCanvas3D.cpp b/src/slic3r/GUI/GLCanvas3D.cpp
index a29ff1a9d0..3a919c800d 100644
--- a/src/slic3r/GUI/GLCanvas3D.cpp
+++ b/src/slic3r/GUI/GLCanvas3D.cpp
@@ -9681,6 +9681,14 @@ void GLCanvas3D::_render_paint_toolbar() const
             }
         }
     }
+    // ORCA: the loop above only produces a label for a slot whose preset is found in the preset
+    // collection, while the render loop below iterates extruder_num (= colour count). Pad the
+    // label arrays so a slot without a matching preset cannot index past them — reading a garbage
+    // std::string here crashes in ImGui::CalcTextSize (strlen).
+    while (int(filament_text_first_line.size()) < extruder_num) {
+        filament_text_first_line.emplace_back();
+        filament_text_second_line.emplace_back();
+    }
 
     ImGuiWrapper& imgui = *wxGetApp().imgui();
     const float canvas_w = float(get_canvas_size().get_width());
diff --git a/src/slic3r/GUI/Gizmos/GLGizmoMmuSegmentation.cpp b/src/slic3r/GUI/Gizmos/GLGizmoMmuSegmentation.cpp
index 5ac8cb814c..77b58d3bb5 100644
--- a/src/slic3r/GUI/Gizmos/GLGizmoMmuSegmentation.cpp
+++ b/src/slic3r/GUI/Gizmos/GLGizmoMmuSegmentation.cpp
@@ -454,7 +454,7 @@ void GLGizmoMmuSegmentation::on_render_input_window(float x, float y, float bott
             ImGui::GetWindowDrawList()->AddRectFilledMultiColor(r_min, r_max, col_from, col_to, col_to, col_from);
         }
 
-        if (extruder_idx < 16 && ImGui::IsItemHovered()) m_imgui->tooltip(_L("Shortcut Key ") + std::to_string(extruder_idx + 1), max_tooltip_width);
+        if (extruder_idx < int(GLGizmoMmuSegmentation::EXTRUDERS_LIMIT) && ImGui::IsItemHovered()) m_imgui->tooltip(_L("Shortcut Key ") + std::to_string(extruder_idx + 1), max_tooltip_width);
     }
     // ORCA: Remap filaments section (Border only, Title in border). 
     // Styled as a panel for visual grouping.
diff --git a/src/slic3r/GUI/Gizmos/GLGizmoMmuSegmentation.hpp b/src/slic3r/GUI/Gizmos/GLGizmoMmuSegmentation.hpp
index e5448c2dcb..b244a68860 100644
--- a/src/slic3r/GUI/Gizmos/GLGizmoMmuSegmentation.hpp
+++ b/src/slic3r/GUI/Gizmos/GLGizmoMmuSegmentation.hpp
@@ -73,11 +73,10 @@ public:
 
     void data_changed(bool is_serializing) override;
 
-    // TriangleSelector::serialization/deserialization has a limit to store 19 different states.
-    // EXTRUDER_LIMIT + 1 states are used to storing the painting because also uncolored triangles are stored.
-    // When increasing EXTRUDER_LIMIT, it needs to ensure that TriangleSelector::serialization/deserialization
-    // will be also extended to support additional states, requiring at least one state to remain free out of 19 states.
-    static const constexpr size_t EXTRUDERS_LIMIT = 16;
+    // The paint material limit follows EnforcerBlockerType::ExtruderMax: TriangleSelector
+    // serialization covers the extended (17..32) range through an escape nibble. Mixed-color
+    // filaments occupy ordinary slots, so they draw from the same budget as physical ones.
+    static const constexpr size_t EXTRUDERS_LIMIT = static_cast<size_t>(EnforcerBlockerType::ExtruderMax);
 
     // Endpoint colours for gradient mixed filaments, mirrored from Plater so the extruder
     // swatches below can be drawn as a two-tone fade instead of a single blended colour.
diff --git a/src/slic3r/GUI/Gizmos/GLGizmosManager.cpp b/src/slic3r/GUI/Gizmos/GLGizmosManager.cpp
index 94c76d896b..92c691f696 100644
--- a/src/slic3r/GUI/Gizmos/GLGizmosManager.cpp
+++ b/src/slic3r/GUI/Gizmos/GLGizmosManager.cpp
@@ -998,16 +998,40 @@ bool GLGizmosManager::on_key(wxKeyEvent& evt)
                     keyCode = keyCode- WXK_NUMPAD0+'0';
                 }
                 if (keyCode >= '0' && keyCode <= '9') {
-                    if (keyCode == '1' && !m_timer_set_color.IsRunning()) {
+                    // The paint palette now reaches EXTRUDERS_LIMIT (mixed-color filaments share
+                    // the same slots), so any leading digit that can start a valid two-digit
+                    // number waits briefly for a second one.
+                    const int digit        = keyCode - '0';
+                    const int shortcut_max = int(GLGizmoMmuSegmentation::EXTRUDERS_LIMIT);
+                    auto can_start_two_digit = [shortcut_max](int d) { return d > 0 && d * 10 <= shortcut_max; };
+                    auto select = [mmu_seg](int number) { return number > 0 && mmu_seg->on_number_key_down(number); };
+
+                    if (m_timer_set_color.IsRunning() && m_pending_color_shortcut_tens > 0) {
+                        const int two_digit = m_pending_color_shortcut_tens * 10 + digit;
+                        const int pending   = m_pending_color_shortcut_tens;
+                        m_pending_color_shortcut_tens = 0;
+                        m_timer_set_color.Stop();
+                        if (two_digit <= shortcut_max) {
+                            processed = select(two_digit);
+                        } else {
+                            // Out of range: commit the pending digit, then treat this one as new input.
+                            processed = select(pending);
+                            if (can_start_two_digit(digit)) {
+                                m_pending_color_shortcut_tens = digit;
+                                m_timer_set_color.StartOnce(500);
+                                processed = true;
+                            } else {
+                                processed = select(digit) || processed;
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                    else if (can_start_two_digit(digit)) {
+                        m_pending_color_shortcut_tens = digit;
                         m_timer_set_color.StartOnce(500);
                         processed = true;
                     }
-                    else if (keyCode < '7' && m_timer_set_color.IsRunning()) {
-                        processed = mmu_seg->on_number_key_down(keyCode - '0'+10);
-                        m_timer_set_color.Stop();
-                    }
                     else {
-                        processed = mmu_seg->on_number_key_down(keyCode - '0');
+                        processed = select(digit);
                     }
                 }
                 else if (keyCode == 'F' || keyCode == 'T' || keyCode == 'S' || keyCode == 'C' || keyCode == 'H' || keyCode == 'G') {
@@ -1054,11 +1078,15 @@ bool GLGizmosManager::on_key(wxKeyEvent& evt)
 
 void GLGizmosManager::on_set_color_timer(wxTimerEvent& evt)
 {
-    if (m_current == MmSegmentation) {
+    // No second digit arrived in time: commit the pending leading digit on its own.
+    if (m_current == MmSegmentation && m_pending_color_shortcut_tens > 0) {
         GLGizmoMmuSegmentation* mmu_seg = dynamic_cast<GLGizmoMmuSegmentation*>(get_current());
-        mmu_seg->on_number_key_down(1);
-        m_parent.set_as_dirty();
+        if (mmu_seg != nullptr) {
+            mmu_seg->on_number_key_down(m_pending_color_shortcut_tens);
+            m_parent.set_as_dirty();
+        }
     }
+    m_pending_color_shortcut_tens = 0;
 }
 
 void GLGizmosManager::update_after_undo_redo(const UndoRedo::Snapshot& snapshot)
diff --git a/src/slic3r/GUI/Gizmos/GLGizmosManager.hpp b/src/slic3r/GUI/Gizmos/GLGizmosManager.hpp
index 01814521aa..157eb43dc7 100644
--- a/src/slic3r/GUI/Gizmos/GLGizmosManager.hpp
+++ b/src/slic3r/GUI/Gizmos/GLGizmosManager.hpp
@@ -144,6 +144,8 @@ private:
 
     //When there are more than 9 colors, shortcut key coloring
     wxTimer m_timer_set_color;
+    // Leading digit of a two-digit color shortcut still waiting for its second digit.
+    int m_pending_color_shortcut_tens = 0;
     void on_set_color_timer(wxTimerEvent& evt);
 
     // key MENU_ICON_NAME, value = ImtextureID
diff --git a/tests/libslic3r/CMakeLists.txt b/tests/libslic3r/CMakeLists.txt
index 2d575ab989..ef42a5e897 100644
--- a/tests/libslic3r/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/tests/libslic3r/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@ add_executable(${_TEST_NAME}_tests
     test_mutable_priority_queue.cpp
     test_nozzle_volume_type.cpp
     test_stl.cpp
+    test_triangle_selector.cpp
     test_meshboolean.cpp
     test_marchingsquares.cpp
     test_model.cpp
diff --git a/tests/libslic3r/test_triangle_selector.cpp b/tests/libslic3r/test_triangle_selector.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..dfeae477b9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/libslic3r/test_triangle_selector.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,124 @@
+#include <catch2/catch_all.hpp>
+
+#include "libslic3r/TriangleSelector.hpp"
+#include "libslic3r/TriangleMesh.hpp"
+
+using namespace Slic3r;
+
+// A sphere gives well over ExtruderMax original facets, so every extruder state can be assigned
+// to a facet of its own without any splitting getting in the way.
+static TriangleMesh test_mesh() { return make_sphere(5., 2 * PI / 24); }
+
+// Read the nibble_idx-th 4-bit group of a serialized bitstream, least significant bit first.
+static int nibble_at(const std::vector<bool> &bitstream, size_t nibble_idx)
+{
+    int n = 0;
+    for (size_t bit = 0; bit < 4; ++bit)
+        n |= int(bitstream[nibble_idx * 4 + bit]) << bit;
+    return n;
+}
+
+TEST_CASE("Every extruder state survives a serialize/deserialize round trip", "[TriangleSelector]")
+{
+    const TriangleMesh mesh      = test_mesh();
+    const int          max_state = int(EnforcerBlockerType::ExtruderMax);
+    REQUIRE(int(mesh.its.indices.size()) >= max_state);
+
+    TriangleSelector selector(mesh);
+    for (int state = 1; state <= max_state; ++state)
+        selector.set_facet(state - 1, EnforcerBlockerType(state));
+
+    TriangleSelector restored(mesh);
+    restored.deserialize(selector.serialize());
+
+    for (int state = 1; state <= max_state; ++state) {
+        INFO("Extruder " << state);
+        REQUIRE(restored.has_facets(EnforcerBlockerType(state)));
+        REQUIRE(restored.num_facets(EnforcerBlockerType(state)) == 1);
+    }
+}
+
+TEST_CASE("Serialized data reports the extruder states it uses", "[TriangleSelector]")
+{
+    const TriangleMesh mesh = test_mesh();
+    TriangleSelector   selector(mesh);
+    selector.set_facet(0, EnforcerBlockerType::Extruder16);
+    selector.set_facet(1, EnforcerBlockerType::Extruder32);
+
+    const TriangleSelector::TriangleSplittingData data = selector.serialize();
+
+    REQUIRE(data.used_states.size() == size_t(EnforcerBlockerType::ExtruderMax) + 1);
+    REQUIRE(data.used_states[size_t(EnforcerBlockerType::Extruder16)]);
+    REQUIRE(data.used_states[size_t(EnforcerBlockerType::Extruder32)]);
+    REQUIRE_FALSE(data.used_states[size_t(EnforcerBlockerType::Extruder17)]);
+
+    SECTION("used_states recomputed from the bitstream agrees") {
+        TriangleSelector::TriangleSplittingData recomputed = data;
+        recomputed.reset_used_states();
+        recomputed.update_used_states(0);
+        REQUIRE(recomputed.used_states == data.used_states);
+    }
+
+    SECTION("has_facets on the raw data agrees") {
+        REQUIRE(TriangleSelector::has_facets(data, EnforcerBlockerType::Extruder32));
+        REQUIRE_FALSE(TriangleSelector::has_facets(data, EnforcerBlockerType::Extruder17));
+    }
+}
+
+// States 3..17 must keep the pre-existing encoding ("11" prefix plus one nibble of state-3) so
+// projects written by older builds stay readable and newly written ones stay readable by them.
+TEST_CASE("Extruder states up to 17 keep the single-nibble encoding", "[TriangleSelector]")
+{
+    const int state = GENERATE(3, 8, 16, 17);
+
+    TriangleSelector selector(test_mesh());
+    selector.set_facet(0, EnforcerBlockerType(state));
+    const std::vector<bool> bitstream = selector.serialize().bitstream;
+
+    INFO("Extruder " << state);
+    // Two nibbles: the "11"-prefixed leaf code, then the state itself.
+    REQUIRE(bitstream.size() == 8);
+    REQUIRE(nibble_at(bitstream, 0) == 0b1100);
+    REQUIRE(nibble_at(bitstream, 1) == state - 3);
+}
+
+// States 18 and above set the state nibble to 0b1111 and carry (state-18) in one more nibble.
+TEST_CASE("Extruder states above 17 are encoded in a second nibble", "[TriangleSelector]")
+{
+    const int state = GENERATE(18, 25, 32);
+
+    TriangleSelector selector(test_mesh());
+    selector.set_facet(0, EnforcerBlockerType(state));
+    const std::vector<bool> bitstream = selector.serialize().bitstream;
+
+    INFO("Extruder " << state);
+    REQUIRE(bitstream.size() == 12);
+    REQUIRE(nibble_at(bitstream, 0) == 0b1100);
+    REQUIRE(nibble_at(bitstream, 1) == 0b1111);
+    REQUIRE(nibble_at(bitstream, 2) == state - 18);
+}
+
+// Model.cpp writes these hex strings into the 3MF for colored mesh imports; the selector must
+// decode exactly the states that table assigns to them.
+TEST_CASE("Extruder states match the CONST_FILAMENTS hex encoding", "[TriangleSelector]")
+{
+    struct Case { const char *hex; int state; };
+    const auto c = GENERATE(values<Case>({
+        {"8", 2}, {"0C", 3}, {"DC", 16}, {"EC", 17}, {"0FC", 18}, {"EFC", 32},
+    }));
+
+    // get_triangle_as_string emits the nibbles most significant first, so read the hex backwards.
+    std::vector<bool> bitstream;
+    for (auto it = std::string(c.hex).rbegin(); it != std::string(c.hex).rend(); ++it) {
+        const int nibble = *it >= 'A' ? (*it - 'A' + 10) : (*it - '0');
+        for (int bit = 0; bit < 4; ++bit)
+            bitstream.push_back((nibble >> bit) & 1);
+    }
+
+    TriangleSelector::TriangleSplittingData data;
+    data.triangles_to_split.emplace_back(0, 0);
+    data.bitstream = bitstream;
+
+    INFO("Hex " << c.hex << " -> extruder " << c.state);
+    REQUIRE(TriangleSelector::has_facets(data, EnforcerBlockerType(c.state)));
+}

From 3c37bf9ca48957152816bb8dc407cbafaf3765d1 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Ian Bassi <ian.bassi@outlook.com>
Date: Fri, 14 Aug 2026 11:52:47 -0300
Subject: [PATCH 11/51] Import project

---
 src/libslic3r/PresetBundle.cpp                | 109 +++++++++++-----
 src/libslic3r/PresetBundle.hpp                |   3 +
 src/slic3r/GUI/GUI_App.cpp                    |   6 +-
 src/slic3r/GUI/Tab.cpp                        |   7 +-
 tests/libslic3r/test_3mf.cpp                  |  95 ++++++++++++++
 .../libslic3r/test_preset_bundle_loading.cpp  | 117 ++++++++++++++++--
 6 files changed, 293 insertions(+), 44 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/libslic3r/PresetBundle.cpp b/src/libslic3r/PresetBundle.cpp
index a71b5a9d18..3e23107102 100644
--- a/src/libslic3r/PresetBundle.cpp
+++ b/src/libslic3r/PresetBundle.cpp
@@ -2715,38 +2715,76 @@ void PresetBundle::load_installed_sla_materials(AppConfig &config)
         preset.set_visible_from_appconfig(config);
 }
 
-// Restore the mixed-color filament metadata written by export_selections(). Every array is
-// resized to the filament count so a project saved with a different filament count, or one
-// predating these keys, still yields well-formed parallel arrays.
-static void load_mixed_filament_settings(DynamicPrintConfig &project_config, AppConfig &config,
-                                         const std::string &printer_name, size_t n_filaments)
+// Mixed-color filament metadata is project state, carried in the 3mf's project_settings.config.
+// As in BambuStudio it also gets a single GLOBAL app-config snapshot, restored once at startup so
+// the last session's mixes are there before any project is opened; a project load then overwrites
+// them through s_project_options. It is deliberately not a per-printer snapshot: the component ids
+// in filament_mixed_components are 1-based indices into the project's filament list, so re-applying
+// a printer's copy on every printer change would silently replace a loaded project's mixes.
+// Mirrors PresetBundle::load_selections in BambuStudio.
+static void load_mixed_filament_settings(DynamicPrintConfig &project_config, const AppConfig &config, size_t n_filaments)
 {
     std::vector<std::string> parts;
-    auto load_bools = [&](const char *key, const char *opt_key) {
-        auto &vals = project_config.option<ConfigOptionBools>(opt_key)->values;
-        if (config.has_printer_setting(printer_name, key)) {
-            boost::algorithm::split(parts, config.get_printer_setting(printer_name, key), boost::algorithm::is_any_of(","));
+    auto load_bools = [&](const char *key) {
+        auto &vals = project_config.option<ConfigOptionBools>(key)->values;
+        if (config.has("presets", key)) {
+            boost::algorithm::split(parts, config.get("presets", key), boost::algorithm::is_any_of(","));
             vals.clear();
             for (const auto &p : parts) vals.push_back(p == "1");
         }
         vals.resize(n_filaments, false);
     };
-    auto load_strings = [&](const char *key, const char *opt_key) {
-        auto &vals = project_config.option<ConfigOptionStrings>(opt_key)->values;
-        if (config.has_printer_setting(printer_name, key)) {
-            boost::algorithm::split(parts, config.get_printer_setting(printer_name, key), boost::algorithm::is_any_of("|"));
+    auto load_strings = [&](const char *key) {
+        auto &vals = project_config.option<ConfigOptionStrings>(key)->values;
+        if (config.has("presets", key)) {
+            boost::algorithm::split(parts, config.get("presets", key), boost::algorithm::is_any_of("|"));
             vals = parts;
         }
         vals.resize(n_filaments, std::string{});
     };
 
-    load_bools("filament_is_mixed", "filament_is_mixed");
-    load_strings("filament_mixed_components", "filament_mixed_components");
-    load_strings("filament_mixed_sublayer_ratios", "filament_mixed_sublayer_ratios");
-    load_bools("filament_mixed_gradient", "filament_mixed_gradient");
-    load_strings("filament_mixed_gradient_range", "filament_mixed_gradient_range");
-    load_strings("filament_mixed_gradient_curve", "filament_mixed_gradient_curve");
-    load_bools("filament_mixed_gradient_per_part", "filament_mixed_gradient_per_part");
+    load_bools("filament_is_mixed");
+    load_strings("filament_mixed_components");
+    load_strings("filament_mixed_sublayer_ratios");
+    load_bools("filament_mixed_gradient");
+    load_strings("filament_mixed_gradient_range");
+    load_bools("filament_mixed_gradient_per_part");
+
+    // The gradient curve is the one array whose values contain '|' themselves (it separates the
+    // control points), so it is stored C-style escaped rather than '|'-joined.
+    {
+        auto &vals = project_config.option<ConfigOptionStrings>("filament_mixed_gradient_curve")->values;
+        if (config.has("presets", "filament_mixed_gradient_curve")) {
+            std::vector<std::string> curves;
+            if (unescape_strings_cstyle(config.get("presets", "filament_mixed_gradient_curve"), curves))
+                vals = std::move(curves);
+        }
+        vals.resize(n_filaments, std::string{});
+    }
+}
+
+// Orca's per-printer preset memory (update_selections, which BambuStudio has no equivalent of)
+// rebuilds the filament list wholesale from that printer's snapshot, presets and colours included.
+// Any existing mix then describes filaments that are no longer there, so clear the arrays and size
+// them to the new filament count rather than carrying stale component indices across.
+static void reset_mixed_filament_settings(DynamicPrintConfig &project_config, size_t n_filaments)
+{
+    auto reset_bools = [&](const char *opt_key) {
+        auto &vals = project_config.option<ConfigOptionBools>(opt_key)->values;
+        vals.assign(n_filaments, false);
+    };
+    auto reset_strings = [&](const char *opt_key) {
+        auto &vals = project_config.option<ConfigOptionStrings>(opt_key)->values;
+        vals.assign(n_filaments, std::string{});
+    };
+
+    reset_bools("filament_is_mixed");
+    reset_strings("filament_mixed_components");
+    reset_strings("filament_mixed_sublayer_ratios");
+    reset_bools("filament_mixed_gradient");
+    reset_strings("filament_mixed_gradient_range");
+    reset_strings("filament_mixed_gradient_curve");
+    reset_bools("filament_mixed_gradient_per_part");
 }
 
 void PresetBundle::update_selections(AppConfig &config)
@@ -2829,7 +2867,7 @@ void PresetBundle::update_selections(AppConfig &config)
         auto flush_multipliers = matrix | boost::adaptors::transformed(boost::lexical_cast<double, std::string>);
         project_config.option<ConfigOptionFloats>("flush_multiplier")->values = std::vector<double>(flush_multipliers.begin(), flush_multipliers.end());
     }
-    load_mixed_filament_settings(project_config, config, initial_printer_profile_name, filament_presets.size());
+    reset_mixed_filament_settings(project_config, filament_presets.size());
 
     // Update visibility of presets based on their compatibility with the active printer.
     // Always try to select a compatible print and filament preset to the current printer preset,
@@ -2980,7 +3018,7 @@ void PresetBundle::load_selections(AppConfig &config, const PresetPreferences& p
         auto flush_multipliers = matrix | boost::adaptors::transformed(boost::lexical_cast<double, std::string>);
         project_config.option<ConfigOptionFloats>("flush_multiplier")->values = std::vector<double>(flush_multipliers.begin(), flush_multipliers.end());
     }
-    load_mixed_filament_settings(project_config, config, initial_printer_profile_name, filament_presets.size());
+    load_mixed_filament_settings(project_config, config, filament_presets.size());
 
     // Update visibility of presets based on their compatibility with the active printer.
     // Always try to select a compatible print and filament preset to the current printer preset,
@@ -3115,8 +3153,11 @@ void PresetBundle::export_selections(AppConfig &config)
                                                               "|");
     config.set_printer_setting(printer_name, "flush_multiplier", flush_multiplier_str);
 
-    // Mixed-color filament metadata. Bools are joined with ',' and strings with '|' because
-    // the component/ratio/curve strings themselves contain commas.
+    // Mixed-color filament metadata: a single global snapshot, restored by load_selections at
+    // startup (see the comment there). Written to the shared "presets" section rather than to this
+    // printer's settings on purpose — a per-printer copy is re-applied on every printer change and
+    // replaces a loaded project's mixes. Bools are ','-joined; the component/ratio/range strings
+    // are '|'-joined; the gradient curve is escaped instead, because its values contain '|'.
     auto join_bools = [](const std::vector<unsigned char> &vals) {
         std::string s;
         for (size_t i = 0; i < vals.size(); ++i) {
@@ -3126,19 +3167,19 @@ void PresetBundle::export_selections(AppConfig &config)
         return s;
     };
     if (auto *opt = project_config.option<ConfigOptionBools>("filament_is_mixed"))
-        config.set_printer_setting(printer_name, "filament_is_mixed", join_bools(opt->values));
+        config.set("presets", "filament_is_mixed", join_bools(opt->values));
     if (auto *opt = project_config.option<ConfigOptionStrings>("filament_mixed_components"))
-        config.set_printer_setting(printer_name, "filament_mixed_components", boost::algorithm::join(opt->values, "|"));
+        config.set("presets", "filament_mixed_components", boost::algorithm::join(opt->values, "|"));
     if (auto *opt = project_config.option<ConfigOptionStrings>("filament_mixed_sublayer_ratios"))
-        config.set_printer_setting(printer_name, "filament_mixed_sublayer_ratios", boost::algorithm::join(opt->values, "|"));
+        config.set("presets", "filament_mixed_sublayer_ratios", boost::algorithm::join(opt->values, "|"));
     if (auto *opt = project_config.option<ConfigOptionBools>("filament_mixed_gradient"))
-        config.set_printer_setting(printer_name, "filament_mixed_gradient", join_bools(opt->values));
+        config.set("presets", "filament_mixed_gradient", join_bools(opt->values));
     if (auto *opt = project_config.option<ConfigOptionStrings>("filament_mixed_gradient_range"))
-        config.set_printer_setting(printer_name, "filament_mixed_gradient_range", boost::algorithm::join(opt->values, "|"));
+        config.set("presets", "filament_mixed_gradient_range", boost::algorithm::join(opt->values, "|"));
     if (auto *opt = project_config.option<ConfigOptionStrings>("filament_mixed_gradient_curve"))
-        config.set_printer_setting(printer_name, "filament_mixed_gradient_curve", boost::algorithm::join(opt->values, "|"));
+        config.set("presets", "filament_mixed_gradient_curve", escape_strings_cstyle(opt->values));
     if (auto *opt = project_config.option<ConfigOptionBools>("filament_mixed_gradient_per_part"))
-        config.set_printer_setting(printer_name, "filament_mixed_gradient_per_part", join_bools(opt->values));
+        config.set("presets", "filament_mixed_gradient_per_part", join_bools(opt->values));
 
     // BBS
     //config.set("presets", "sla_print",    sla_prints.get_selected_preset_name());
@@ -3361,6 +3402,12 @@ bool PresetBundle::is_mixed_filament(size_t idx) const
     return opt && idx < opt->values.size() && opt->values[idx];
 }
 
+size_t PresetBundle::num_mixed_filaments() const
+{
+    auto *opt = project_config.option<ConfigOptionBools>("filament_is_mixed");
+    return opt == nullptr ? 0 : size_t(std::count(opt->values.begin(), opt->values.end(), true));
+}
+
 std::vector<size_t> PresetBundle::physical_filament_config_indices() const
 {
     std::vector<size_t> indices;
diff --git a/src/libslic3r/PresetBundle.hpp b/src/libslic3r/PresetBundle.hpp
index 7640d1ff8d..c3e7dd4441 100644
--- a/src/libslic3r/PresetBundle.hpp
+++ b/src/libslic3r/PresetBundle.hpp
@@ -500,6 +500,9 @@ public:
     // Mixed-color filament slots: virtual slots realized from 2-3 physical filaments.
     bool                        is_mixed_filament(size_t idx) const;
     std::vector<size_t>         physical_filament_config_indices() const;
+    // How many slots are mixed. They sit at the tail of the filament list and have no nozzle of
+    // their own, so any resize driven by the printer's extruder count has to add this on top.
+    size_t                      num_mixed_filaments() const;
 
     void                        on_extruders_count_changed(int extruder_count);
 
diff --git a/src/slic3r/GUI/GUI_App.cpp b/src/slic3r/GUI/GUI_App.cpp
index 12e8500dbc..d14943c94a 100644
--- a/src/slic3r/GUI/GUI_App.cpp
+++ b/src/slic3r/GUI/GUI_App.cpp
@@ -8905,7 +8905,11 @@ void GUI_App::load_current_presets(bool active_preset_combox/*= false*/, bool ch
     if (printer_technology == ptFFF && !edited_printer_preset.config.opt_bool("single_extruder_multi_material")) {
         auto* nozzle_diameter = edited_printer_preset.config.option<ConfigOptionFloats>("nozzle_diameter");
         if (nozzle_diameter) {
-            preset_bundle->set_num_filaments(nozzle_diameter->values.size());
+            // Mixed-color slots are virtual filaments kept at the tail of the list, so they have no
+            // nozzle of their own. Sizing to the nozzle count alone truncates them away — and this
+            // runs right after a project is loaded, so it would silently drop the project's mixes
+            // and then let update_extruder_count() strip every painted facet above the new count.
+            preset_bundle->set_num_filaments(nozzle_diameter->values.size() + preset_bundle->num_mixed_filaments());
         }
     }
 	this->plater()->set_printer_technology(printer_technology);
diff --git a/src/slic3r/GUI/Tab.cpp b/src/slic3r/GUI/Tab.cpp
index 045ce9c43c..dc7ccb7284 100644
--- a/src/slic3r/GUI/Tab.cpp
+++ b/src/slic3r/GUI/Tab.cpp
@@ -2182,8 +2182,11 @@ void Tab::on_value_change(const std::string& opt_key, const boost::any& value)
             std::string new_color = new_col.GetAsString(wxC2S_HTML_SYNTAX).ToStdString();
             new_colors.push_back(new_color);
         }
-        wxGetApp().preset_bundle->set_num_filaments(num_extruder, new_colors);
-        wxGetApp().plater()->on_filament_count_change(num_extruder);
+        // Mixed-color slots are virtual filaments at the tail of the list with no nozzle of their
+        // own, so they are carried on top of the new extruder count instead of being truncated.
+        const size_t total_filaments = num_extruder + wxGetApp().preset_bundle->num_mixed_filaments();
+        wxGetApp().preset_bundle->set_num_filaments(total_filaments, new_colors);
+        wxGetApp().plater()->on_filament_count_change(total_filaments);
         wxGetApp().get_tab(Preset::TYPE_PRINT)->update();
         wxGetApp().preset_bundle->export_selections(*wxGetApp().app_config);
     }
diff --git a/tests/libslic3r/test_3mf.cpp b/tests/libslic3r/test_3mf.cpp
index c839149f5f..e09f664b7e 100644
--- a/tests/libslic3r/test_3mf.cpp
+++ b/tests/libslic3r/test_3mf.cpp
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 
 #include "libslic3r/Model.hpp"
+#include "libslic3r/TriangleSelector.hpp"
 #include "libslic3r/Format/3mf.hpp"
 #include "libslic3r/Format/bbs_3mf.hpp"
 #include "libslic3r/Format/STL.hpp"
@@ -497,3 +498,97 @@ SCENARIO("Nozzle-group metadata .3mf round-trip", "[3mf][MultiNozzle]") {
         delete plate;
     }
 }
+
+
+// A mixed-color filament occupies an ordinary filament slot, and painting with it stores an
+// ordinary extruder state — a project saved by BambuStudio encodes filament 5 of a 5-slot setup
+// as paint state 5, with the mix described by the parallel filament_mixed_* project arrays. This
+// pins both halves of that contract at the .3mf layer: the project keys and the painted states
+// must come back exactly as written.
+SCENARIO("Mixed-color filament setup and painting round-trip through a .3mf", "[3mf][MixedFilament]") {
+    GIVEN("a painted model whose project config describes a mixed filament in the last slot") {
+        Model model;
+        std::string src_file = std::string(TEST_DATA_DIR) + "/test_3mf/Prusa.stl";
+        REQUIRE(load_stl(src_file.c_str(), &model));
+        model.add_default_instances();
+
+        // Both the exporter and the importer stage Metadata/project_settings.config through the
+        // model's backup path; point them at writable temp dirs.
+        ScopedTemporaryDir backup_dir("orca_mixed_src");
+        model.set_backup_path(backup_dir.string());
+
+        ModelVolume* mv = model.objects.front()->volumes.front();
+        {
+            TriangleSelector selector(mv->mesh());
+            selector.set_facet(0, EnforcerBlockerType::Extruder5); // the mixed slot
+            selector.set_facet(1, EnforcerBlockerType::Extruder2);
+            REQUIRE(mv->mmu_segmentation_facets.set(selector));
+        }
+
+        DynamicPrintConfig config = DynamicPrintConfig::full_print_config();
+        config.set_key_value("filament_colour", new ConfigOptionStrings(
+            { "#00AE42", "#FFFF00", "#FF0000", "#0000FF", "#FF6A26" }));
+        config.set_key_value("filament_is_mixed", new ConfigOptionBools(
+            { false, false, false, false, true }));
+        config.set_key_value("filament_mixed_components", new ConfigOptionStrings(
+            { "", "", "", "", "3,2" }));
+        config.set_key_value("filament_mixed_sublayer_ratios", new ConfigOptionStrings(
+            { "", "", "", "", "0.4200,0.5800" }));
+
+        WHEN("stored to and reloaded from a .3mf") {
+            ScopedTemporaryFile temp(".3mf");
+            const std::string test_file = temp.string();
+
+            PlateData* plate = new PlateData();
+            plate->plate_index = 0;
+
+            StoreParams store_params;
+            store_params.path     = test_file.c_str();
+            store_params.model    = &model;
+            store_params.config   = &config;
+            store_params.strategy = SaveStrategy::Zip64 | SaveStrategy::Silence;
+            store_params.plate_data_list.push_back(plate);
+            REQUIRE(store_bbs_3mf(store_params));
+
+            Model dst_model;
+            ScopedTemporaryDir dst_backup_dir("orca_mixed_dst");
+            dst_model.set_backup_path(dst_backup_dir.string());
+            DynamicPrintConfig dst_config;
+            ConfigSubstitutionContext ctxt{ ForwardCompatibilitySubstitutionRule::Enable };
+            PlateDataPtrs        dst_plates;
+            std::vector<Preset*> project_presets;
+            bool   is_bbl_3mf = false, is_orca_3mf = false;
+            Semver file_version;
+            REQUIRE(load_bbs_3mf(test_file.c_str(), &dst_config, &ctxt, &dst_model, &dst_plates,
+                                 &project_presets, &is_bbl_3mf, &is_orca_3mf, &file_version, nullptr,
+                                 LoadStrategy::LoadModel | LoadStrategy::LoadConfig));
+
+            THEN("the mixed-filament project keys survive") {
+                auto* is_mixed = dst_config.option<ConfigOptionBools>("filament_is_mixed");
+                REQUIRE(is_mixed != nullptr);
+                REQUIRE(is_mixed->values == std::vector<unsigned char>({ 0, 0, 0, 0, 1 }));
+
+                auto* components = dst_config.option<ConfigOptionStrings>("filament_mixed_components");
+                REQUIRE(components != nullptr);
+                REQUIRE(components->values.size() == 5);
+                REQUIRE(components->values[4] == "3,2");
+
+                auto* ratios = dst_config.option<ConfigOptionStrings>("filament_mixed_sublayer_ratios");
+                REQUIRE(ratios != nullptr);
+                REQUIRE(ratios->values.size() == 5);
+                REQUIRE(ratios->values[4] == "0.4200,0.5800");
+            }
+
+            THEN("the painted facets survive, including the one painted with the mixed slot") {
+                REQUIRE(dst_model.objects.size() == 1);
+                ModelVolume* dst_mv = dst_model.objects.front()->volumes.front();
+                REQUIRE_FALSE(dst_mv->mmu_segmentation_facets.empty());
+                REQUIRE(dst_mv->mmu_segmentation_facets.has_facets(*dst_mv, EnforcerBlockerType::Extruder2));
+                REQUIRE(dst_mv->mmu_segmentation_facets.has_facets(*dst_mv, EnforcerBlockerType::Extruder5));
+            }
+
+            release_PlateData_list(dst_plates);
+            delete plate; // store_bbs_3mf does not take ownership of the source plate
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/libslic3r/test_preset_bundle_loading.cpp b/tests/libslic3r/test_preset_bundle_loading.cpp
index 5d9e60d6ef..47cf7d5c43 100644
--- a/tests/libslic3r/test_preset_bundle_loading.cpp
+++ b/tests/libslic3r/test_preset_bundle_loading.cpp
@@ -567,21 +567,25 @@ TEST_CASE("A printer specific filament supersedes the generic library filament w
 }
 
 
+namespace {
+
+const char *kMixedKeys[] = {
+    "filament_is_mixed",
+    "filament_mixed_components",
+    "filament_mixed_sublayer_ratios",
+    "filament_mixed_gradient",
+    "filament_mixed_gradient_range",
+    "filament_mixed_gradient_curve",
+    "filament_mixed_gradient_per_part",
+};
+
+} // namespace
+
 // Mixed-color filament metadata lives in project_config as parallel per-filament arrays.
 // set_num_filaments() is the single place that grows them alongside filament_colour; if it
 // misses them, creating a mixed slot writes past the end of the short arrays.
 TEST_CASE("set_num_filaments keeps mixed-color arrays in step with the filament count", "[Preset][Bundle][FilamentMixer]")
 {
-    static const char *kMixedKeys[] = {
-        "filament_is_mixed",
-        "filament_mixed_components",
-        "filament_mixed_sublayer_ratios",
-        "filament_mixed_gradient",
-        "filament_mixed_gradient_range",
-        "filament_mixed_gradient_curve",
-        "filament_mixed_gradient_per_part",
-    };
-
     auto mixed_array_size = [](const DynamicPrintConfig &cfg, const std::string &key) -> size_t {
         if (const auto *b = cfg.option<ConfigOptionBools>(key))
             return b->values.size();
@@ -609,3 +613,96 @@ TEST_CASE("set_num_filaments keeps mixed-color arrays in step with the filament
             CHECK(mixed_array_size(bundle.project_config, key) == 1);
     }
 }
+
+// A mix is described by 1-based indices into the project's filament list, so it is only meaningful
+// alongside that list. As in BambuStudio the app-config snapshot is global — one "last session"
+// copy under the shared "presets" section, restored at startup only. A PER-PRINTER copy would be
+// re-applied on every printer change and would replace a loaded project's mixes with whatever
+// snapshot that printer last held, which also shrinks the filament count and makes reload_scene
+// strip painted facets above it.
+TEST_CASE("Mixed-color filament metadata is snapshotted globally, never per printer", "[Preset][Bundle][FilamentMixer]")
+{
+    PresetBundle bundle;
+    // export_selections skips the built-in "Default Printer" placeholder entirely.
+    add_inmemory_preset(bundle.printers, "Test Printer");
+    bundle.printers.select_preset_by_name("Test Printer", true);
+    bundle.set_num_filaments(2u, std::string("#FF0000"));
+    bundle.project_config.option<ConfigOptionBools>("filament_is_mixed")->values          = { false, true };
+    bundle.project_config.option<ConfigOptionStrings>("filament_mixed_components")->values = { "", "1,2" };
+    bundle.project_config.option<ConfigOptionStrings>("filament_mixed_sublayer_ratios")->values = { "", "0.5,0.5" };
+
+    AppConfig app_config;
+    bundle.export_selections(app_config);
+
+    const std::string printer_name = bundle.printers.get_selected_preset_name();
+    for (const char *key : kMixedKeys) {
+        DYNAMIC_SECTION("global, not per printer: " << key) {
+            CHECK(app_config.has("presets", key));
+            CHECK_FALSE(app_config.has_printer_setting(printer_name, key));
+        }
+    }
+
+    SECTION("with the encoding load_selections reads back") {
+        CHECK(app_config.get("presets", "filament_is_mixed") == "0,1");
+        CHECK(app_config.get("presets", "filament_mixed_components") == "|1,2");
+        CHECK(app_config.get("presets", "filament_mixed_sublayer_ratios") == "|0.5,0.5");
+    }
+}
+
+// The gradient curve is the one mixed array whose values contain '|' themselves — it separates the
+// control points — so it cannot be '|'-joined into the app config like its siblings without a
+// multi-point curve being split across filament slots on the way back in.
+TEST_CASE("A multi-point gradient curve survives the app-config snapshot", "[Preset][Bundle][FilamentMixer]")
+{
+    const std::vector<std::string> curves = { "", "", "0,0|0.5,0.3|1,1" };
+
+    PresetBundle bundle;
+    add_inmemory_preset(bundle.printers, "Test Printer");
+    bundle.printers.select_preset_by_name("Test Printer", true);
+    bundle.set_num_filaments(3u, std::string("#FF0000"));
+    bundle.project_config.option<ConfigOptionStrings>("filament_mixed_gradient_curve")->values = curves;
+
+    AppConfig app_config;
+    bundle.export_selections(app_config);
+
+    // Decoding the stored form returns the three slots intact, curve delimiters and all. A plain
+    // '|' join would decode as five slots here instead of three.
+    std::vector<std::string> decoded;
+    REQUIRE(unescape_strings_cstyle(app_config.get("presets", "filament_mixed_gradient_curve"), decoded));
+    CHECK(decoded == curves);
+}
+
+// A multi-tool printer sizes the filament list from its nozzle count. Mixed-color slots are extra
+// virtual filaments at the tail of that list with no nozzle of their own, so the sync has to add
+// them on top. Sizing to the nozzle count alone truncates them — and because that sync runs right
+// after a project is loaded, it silently drops the project's mixes and then lets the filament-count
+// change strip every painted facet above the new count.
+TEST_CASE("Sizing the filament list to a multi-tool nozzle count keeps mixed slots", "[Preset][Bundle][FilamentMixer]")
+{
+    // The 5-slot layout of a 4-tool project carrying one mix of filaments 2 and 3.
+    const size_t nozzle_count = 4;
+    PresetBundle bundle;
+    bundle.set_num_filaments(5u, std::string("#FF0000"));
+    bundle.project_config.option<ConfigOptionBools>("filament_is_mixed")->values =
+        { false, false, false, false, true };
+    bundle.project_config.option<ConfigOptionStrings>("filament_mixed_components")->values =
+        { "", "", "", "", "2,3" };
+
+    REQUIRE(bundle.num_mixed_filaments() == 1);
+
+    SECTION("nozzle count plus the mixed slots preserves the mix") {
+        bundle.set_num_filaments(nozzle_count + bundle.num_mixed_filaments(), std::string("#00FF00"));
+
+        CHECK(bundle.filament_presets.size() == 5);
+        CHECK(bundle.num_mixed_filaments() == 1);
+        CHECK(bundle.is_mixed_filament(4));
+        CHECK(bundle.project_config.option<ConfigOptionStrings>("filament_mixed_components")->values[4] == "2,3");
+    }
+
+    SECTION("the nozzle count alone is what truncated it away") {
+        bundle.set_num_filaments(nozzle_count, std::string("#00FF00"));
+
+        CHECK(bundle.filament_presets.size() == nozzle_count);
+        CHECK(bundle.num_mixed_filaments() == 0);
+    }
+}

From 9d733e50f9bbcbee78180f65c8dda00e7703a441 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: SoftFever <softfeverever@gmail.com>
Date: Sat, 22 Aug 2026 12:55:14 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 12/51] Fix prime tower and by-object brim with mixed filaments

---
 src/libslic3r/Print.cpp       | 24 +++++++++++++++++++-----
 src/libslic3r/PrintConfig.cpp | 11 ++++++++++-
 2 files changed, 29 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/libslic3r/Print.cpp b/src/libslic3r/Print.cpp
index 33389d27c6..2bc4e9ee2a 100644
--- a/src/libslic3r/Print.cpp
+++ b/src/libslic3r/Print.cpp
@@ -2585,6 +2585,9 @@ void Print::process(long long *time_cost_with_cache, bool use_cache)
         std::vector<const PrintInstance*>::const_iterator 	print_object_instance_sequential_active;
         std::vector<std::pair<coordf_t, std::vector<GCode::LayerToPrint>>> layers_to_print = GCode::collect_layers_to_print(*this);
         std::vector<unsigned int> printExtruders;
+        // Per-object first-layer mixed-slot resolutions for the by-object remap below
+        // (BBS reads them from m_sequential_print_data->object_tool_ordering_map).
+        std::map<ObjectID, std::map<unsigned int, unsigned int>> seq_mixed_resolution;
         // Cleared on every process so a print-sequence or selector-mode change can never leave
         // stale object pointers behind; repopulated below only by the sequential selector path.
         m_sequential_dynamic_orderings.clear();
@@ -2687,6 +2690,8 @@ void Print::process(long long *time_cost_with_cache, bool use_cache)
                 } else {
                     tool_ordering = ToolOrdering(*print_object, initial_extruder_id);
                     tool_ordering.sort_and_build_data(*print_object, initial_extruder_id);
+                    if (!tool_ordering.layer_tools().empty())
+                        seq_mixed_resolution[print_object->id()] = tool_ordering.layer_tools().front().mixed_filament_resolution;
                 }
                 if ((initial_extruder_id = tool_ordering.first_extruder()) != static_cast<unsigned int>(-1)) {
                     append(printExtruders, tool_ordering.tools_for_layer(layers_to_print.front().first).extruders);
@@ -2722,14 +2727,23 @@ void Print::process(long long *time_cost_with_cache, bool use_cache)
         // Resolve mixed filament virtual slots to physical components so brim
         // extruder matching works correctly (mixed slot IDs are not present
         // in printExtruders after ToolOrdering::resolve_mixed_filaments).
-        if (m_config.print_sequence != PrintSequence::ByObject && !tool_ordering.layer_tools().empty()) {
-            const LayerTools &first_lt = tool_ordering.layer_tools().front();
+        {
+            const LayerTools *first_lt = nullptr;
+            if (m_config.print_sequence != PrintSequence::ByObject && !tool_ordering.layer_tools().empty())
+                first_lt = &tool_ordering.layer_tools().front();
             for (auto &[obj_id, ext_1based] : objectExtruderMap) {
                 if (ext_1based == 0)
                     continue;
-                auto it = first_lt.mixed_filament_resolution.find(ext_1based - 1);
-                if (it != first_lt.mixed_filament_resolution.end())
-                    ext_1based = it->second + 1;
+                const std::map<unsigned int, unsigned int> *resolution = nullptr;
+                if (first_lt)
+                    resolution = &first_lt->mixed_filament_resolution;
+                else if (auto obj_it = seq_mixed_resolution.find(obj_id); obj_it != seq_mixed_resolution.end())
+                    resolution = &obj_it->second;
+                if (resolution) {
+                    auto it = resolution->find(ext_1based - 1);
+                    if (it != resolution->end())
+                        ext_1based = it->second + 1;
+                }
             }
         }
         std::vector<std::pair<ObjectID, unsigned int>> objPrintVec;
diff --git a/src/libslic3r/PrintConfig.cpp b/src/libslic3r/PrintConfig.cpp
index 43559a3120..f2072c7860 100644
--- a/src/libslic3r/PrintConfig.cpp
+++ b/src/libslic3r/PrintConfig.cpp
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 #include "PrintConfigConstants.hpp"
 #include "ClipperUtils.hpp"
 #include "Config.hpp"
+#include "FilamentMixer.hpp"
 #include "MaterialType.hpp"
 #include "I18N.hpp"
 #include "format.hpp"
@@ -9669,7 +9670,15 @@ t_config_option_keys DynamicPrintConfig::normalize_fdm_2(int num_objects, int us
         ConfigOptionBool *enable_wrapping_opt = this->option<ConfigOptionBool>("enable_wrapping_detection");
         bool enable_wrapping = enable_wrapping_opt != nullptr && enable_wrapping_opt->value;
 
-        if (!is_smooth_timelapse && !enable_wrapping && (used_filaments == 1 || (ps_opt->value == PrintSequence::ByObject && num_objects > 1))) {
+        bool has_mixed_filament = false;
+        {
+            auto *mixed_opt = this->option<ConfigOptionBools>("filament_is_mixed");
+            if (mixed_opt)
+                has_mixed_filament = has_any_mixed_filament(mixed_opt->values);
+        }
+        if (!is_smooth_timelapse && !enable_wrapping
+            && (  (used_filaments == 1 && !has_mixed_filament)
+                || (ps_opt->value == PrintSequence::ByObject && num_objects > 1))) {
             if (ept_opt->value) {
                 ept_opt->value = false;
                 changed_keys.push_back("enable_prime_tower");

From fcdfcae427692ad2d00b1c1048acb3001a90b554 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: SoftFever <softfeverever@gmail.com>
Date: Sat, 22 Aug 2026 13:05:36 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 13/51] Port mixed filament engine fixes from BambuStudio

---
 src/libslic3r/FilamentMixer.cpp        | 275 +++++++++++++++++++++++++
 src/libslic3r/FilamentMixer.hpp        |  20 ++
 src/libslic3r/Format/bbs_3mf.cpp       |  42 ++++
 src/libslic3r/Format/bbs_3mf.hpp       |  14 ++
 src/libslic3r/GCode.cpp                |   6 +-
 src/libslic3r/GCode/GCodeProcessor.cpp |   1 +
 src/libslic3r/GCode/GCodeProcessor.hpp |   4 +
 src/libslic3r/GCode/ToolOrdering.cpp   |  92 ++++++++-
 src/libslic3r/GCode/ToolOrdering.hpp   |   4 +
 src/libslic3r/PresetBundle.cpp         |   3 +
 src/libslic3r/Print.cpp                |  67 +++---
 src/libslic3r/Print.hpp                |   6 +
 src/libslic3r/PrintConfig.cpp          |  17 ++
 src/slic3r/GUI/PartPlate.cpp           |  32 +++
 14 files changed, 552 insertions(+), 31 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/libslic3r/FilamentMixer.cpp b/src/libslic3r/FilamentMixer.cpp
index 6514e6d3d2..66640498e6 100644
--- a/src/libslic3r/FilamentMixer.cpp
+++ b/src/libslic3r/FilamentMixer.cpp
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
 #include <cmath>
 #include <cstdio>
 #include <limits>
+#include <set>
 #include <sstream>
 #include <numeric>
 
@@ -551,4 +552,278 @@ void expand_mixed_slots_in_unprintables(
     }
 }
 
+void sanitize_mixed_gradient_curve_array(std::vector<std::string>& vals)
+{
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < vals.size(); ++i) {
+        if (vals[i].empty())
+            continue;
+        // parse_gradient_curve returns empty for both "empty input" and "<2 valid points";
+        // we already skipped empty, so an empty result means a corrupted single-point slot.
+        if (parse_gradient_curve(vals[i]).empty()) {
+            BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(warning) << "sanitize_mixed_gradient_curve_array: slot "
+                << i << " curve \"" << vals[i]
+                << "\" has fewer than 2 valid points; clearing to linear";
+            vals[i].clear();
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+bool try_parse_mixed_components_strict(const std::string &str,
+                                       std::vector<unsigned int> &components,
+                                       std::string &err)
+{
+    components.clear();
+    if (str.empty()) {
+        err = "empty component list";
+        return false;
+    }
+    std::istringstream ss(str);
+    std::string token;
+    while (std::getline(ss, token, ',')) {
+        if (token.empty()) {
+            err = "empty component index";
+            return false;
+        }
+        try {
+            const long val = std::stol(token);
+            if (val < 1) {
+                err = "component index must be >= 1 (got " + token + ")";
+                return false;
+            }
+            components.push_back(static_cast<unsigned int>(val));
+        } catch (...) {
+            err = "invalid component index \"" + token + "\"";
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+    if (components.size() < 2) {
+        err = "at least 2 components required (got " + std::to_string(components.size()) + ")";
+        return false;
+    }
+    std::set<unsigned int> seen;
+    for (unsigned int c : components) {
+        if (!seen.insert(c).second) {
+            err = "duplicate component index " + std::to_string(c);
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool try_parse_mixed_ratios_strict(const std::string &str,
+                                   size_t n_components,
+                                   std::string &err)
+{
+    if (str.empty())
+        return true;
+
+    CNumericLocalesSetter c_locale_setter;
+    std::vector<double> ratios;
+    std::istringstream ss(str);
+    std::string token;
+    while (std::getline(ss, token, ',')) {
+        if (token.empty()) {
+            err = "empty ratio value";
+            return false;
+        }
+        try {
+            const double val = std::stod(token);
+            if (!(val > 0.0)) {
+                err = "ratio must be positive (got " + token + ")";
+                return false;
+            }
+            ratios.push_back(val);
+        } catch (...) {
+            err = "invalid ratio \"" + token + "\"";
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+    if (ratios.size() != n_components) {
+        err = "expected " + std::to_string(n_components) + " ratio(s), got "
+            + std::to_string(ratios.size());
+        return false;
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool validate_gradient_range_strict(const std::string &str, std::string &err)
+{
+    if (str.empty())
+        return true;
+
+    CNumericLocalesSetter c_locale_setter;
+    float v0 = 0.f, v1 = 0.f;
+    if (std::sscanf(str.c_str(), "%f,%f", &v0, &v1) != 2) {
+        err = "expected two comma-separated floats, e.g. \"0.10,0.90\"";
+        return false;
+    }
+    if (!(v0 > 0.f && v0 < 1.f && v1 > 0.f && v1 < 1.f)) {
+        err = "start and end ratios must be in (0, 1)";
+        return false;
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+
+static void append_error(std::map<std::string, std::string> &errors,
+                         const std::string &key,
+                         const std::string &msg)
+{
+    auto it = errors.find(key);
+    if (it == errors.end())
+        errors.emplace(key, msg);
+    else
+        it->second += "; " + msg;
+}
+
+static bool has_mixed_sub_params_specified(
+    const std::vector<std::string>   &comp_strs,
+    const std::vector<std::string>   &ratio_strs,
+    const std::vector<unsigned char> &gradient_flags)
+{
+    for (const std::string &s : comp_strs)
+        if (!s.empty()) return true;
+    for (const std::string &s : ratio_strs)
+        if (!s.empty()) return true;
+    for (unsigned char g : gradient_flags)
+        if (g) return true;
+    return false;
+}
+
+static bool mixed_string_array_was_specified(const std::vector<std::string> &vals)
+{
+    for (const std::string &s : vals)
+        if (!s.empty())
+            return true;
+    return false;
+}
+
+static bool mixed_bool_array_was_specified(const std::vector<unsigned char> &vals)
+{
+    for (unsigned char v : vals)
+        if (v)
+            return true;
+    return false;
+}
+
+static void check_mixed_array_size_required(std::map<std::string, std::string> &errors,
+                                            const std::string &opt_key,
+                                            size_t actual_size,
+                                            size_t expected_size)
+{
+    if (actual_size != expected_size) {
+        append_error(errors, opt_key,
+            "array size " + std::to_string(actual_size)
+            + " does not match filament slot count " + std::to_string(expected_size));
+    }
+}
+
+std::map<std::string, std::string> validate_mixed_filament_params(
+    const std::vector<unsigned char> &is_mixed,
+    const std::vector<std::string>   &comp_strs,
+    const std::vector<std::string>   &ratio_strs,
+    const std::vector<unsigned char> &gradient_flags,
+    const std::vector<std::string>   &gradient_range_strs,
+    const std::vector<std::string>   &gradient_curve_strs)
+{
+    std::map<std::string, std::string> errors;
+
+    if (has_mixed_sub_params_specified(comp_strs, ratio_strs, gradient_flags)
+        && !has_any_mixed_filament(is_mixed)) {
+        append_error(errors, "filament_is_mixed",
+            "must be set when mixed filament parameters are specified");
+        return errors;
+    }
+
+    if (!has_any_mixed_filament(is_mixed))
+        return errors;
+
+    const size_t slot_count = is_mixed.size();
+
+    // Rule 1: mixed filament model → components & ratios arrays must cover every slot.
+    check_mixed_array_size_required(errors, "filament_mixed_components", comp_strs.size(), slot_count);
+    check_mixed_array_size_required(errors, "filament_mixed_sublayer_ratios", ratio_strs.size(), slot_count);
+
+    // Rule 2: gradient passed (any slot true) → gradient & range arrays must cover every slot.
+    const bool gradient_specified = mixed_bool_array_was_specified(gradient_flags);
+    if (gradient_specified) {
+        check_mixed_array_size_required(errors, "filament_mixed_gradient", gradient_flags.size(), slot_count);
+        check_mixed_array_size_required(errors, "filament_mixed_gradient_range", gradient_range_strs.size(), slot_count);
+    }
+
+    // Rule 3: curve passed (any non-empty entry) → curve array must cover every slot.
+    const bool curve_specified = mixed_string_array_was_specified(gradient_curve_strs);
+    if (curve_specified)
+        check_mixed_array_size_required(errors, "filament_mixed_gradient_curve", gradient_curve_strs.size(), slot_count);
+
+    size_t num_physical = 0;
+    for (unsigned char v : is_mixed)
+        if (!v) ++num_physical;
+
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < is_mixed.size(); ++i) {
+        if (!is_mixed[i])
+            continue;
+
+        const std::string slot = "slot " + std::to_string(i + 1);
+        const std::string comp_str = i < comp_strs.size() ? comp_strs[i] : "";
+
+        std::vector<unsigned int> components;
+        std::string comp_err;
+        if (!try_parse_mixed_components_strict(comp_str, components, comp_err)) {
+            append_error(errors, "filament_mixed_components", slot + ": " + comp_err);
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        for (unsigned int c : components) {
+            if (c > num_physical) {
+                append_error(errors, "filament_mixed_components",
+                       slot + ": component " + std::to_string(c)
+                       + " out of range (max physical filament index is "
+                       + std::to_string(num_physical) + ")");
+                break;
+            }
+            if (c == i + 1) {
+                append_error(errors, "filament_mixed_components",
+                       slot + ": cannot reference itself as a component");
+                break;
+            }
+            const size_t idx0 = static_cast<size_t>(c - 1);
+            if (idx0 < is_mixed.size() && is_mixed[idx0]) {
+                append_error(errors, "filament_mixed_components",
+                       slot + ": component " + std::to_string(c)
+                       + " references a mixed filament slot");
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+
+        std::string ratio_err;
+        const std::string ratio_str = i < ratio_strs.size() ? ratio_strs[i] : "";
+        if (!try_parse_mixed_ratios_strict(ratio_str, components.size(), ratio_err))
+            append_error(errors, "filament_mixed_sublayer_ratios", slot + ": " + ratio_err);
+
+        const bool gradient_on = i < gradient_flags.size() && gradient_flags[i];
+        if (gradient_on) {
+            if (components.size() != 2) {
+                append_error(errors, "filament_mixed_gradient",
+                       slot + ": gradient requires exactly 2 components");
+            }
+
+            if (gradient_specified) {
+                std::string range_err;
+                const std::string range_str = i < gradient_range_strs.size() ? gradient_range_strs[i] : "";
+                if (!validate_gradient_range_strict(range_str, range_err))
+                    append_error(errors, "filament_mixed_gradient_range", slot + ": " + range_err);
+            }
+
+            if (curve_specified) {
+                const std::string curve_str = i < gradient_curve_strs.size() ? gradient_curve_strs[i] : "";
+                if (!curve_str.empty() && parse_gradient_curve(curve_str).empty())
+                    append_error(errors, "filament_mixed_gradient_curve",
+                           slot + ": invalid curve (need at least 2 valid control points)");
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    return errors;
+}
+
 } // namespace Slic3r
diff --git a/src/libslic3r/FilamentMixer.hpp b/src/libslic3r/FilamentMixer.hpp
index 2ca4182066..81ddd29e46 100644
--- a/src/libslic3r/FilamentMixer.hpp
+++ b/src/libslic3r/FilamentMixer.hpp
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 #define SLIC3R_FILAMENT_MIXER_HPP
 
 #include <limits>
+#include <map>
 #include <set>
 #include <string>
 #include <utility>
@@ -139,6 +140,25 @@ void expand_mixed_slots_in_unprintables(
     const std::vector<unsigned char>  &is_mixed,
     const std::vector<std::string>    &comp_strs);
 
+// Clear any non-empty gradient-curve slot that parses to fewer than 2 control points.
+// Heals per-slot arrays corrupted by the legacy "|" separator collision between
+// PresetBundle::export_selections / load_selections (which used "|" as the inter-slot
+// delimiter) and serialize_gradient_curve / parse_gradient_curve (which use "|" as the
+// intra-slot control-point delimiter). Such a round-trip splits a multi-point curve
+// across adjacent slots, leaving single-point entries that fail MakerWorld's strict
+// "curve needs >= 2 points" check. Clearing them falls back to the linear range.
+void sanitize_mixed_gradient_curve_array(std::vector<std::string>& vals);
+
+// Validate mixed-color (混色) parameters. Returns error messages keyed by option name.
+// Slot details are included in the message text (1-based slot index).
+std::map<std::string, std::string> validate_mixed_filament_params(
+    const std::vector<unsigned char> &is_mixed,
+    const std::vector<std::string>   &comp_strs,
+    const std::vector<std::string>   &ratio_strs,
+    const std::vector<unsigned char> &gradient_flags,
+    const std::vector<std::string>   &gradient_range_strs,
+    const std::vector<std::string>   &gradient_curve_strs);
+
 } // namespace Slic3r
 
 #endif // SLIC3R_FILAMENT_MIXER_HPP
diff --git a/src/libslic3r/Format/bbs_3mf.cpp b/src/libslic3r/Format/bbs_3mf.cpp
index 3000adb441..5391f9ba3d 100644
--- a/src/libslic3r/Format/bbs_3mf.cpp
+++ b/src/libslic3r/Format/bbs_3mf.cpp
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 #include "../Preset.hpp"
 #include "../Utils.hpp"
 #include "../LocalesUtils.hpp"
+#include "../FilamentMixer.hpp"
 #include "../GCode.hpp"
 #include "../Geometry.hpp"
 #include "../GCode/ThumbnailData.hpp"
@@ -246,6 +247,8 @@ static constexpr const char* BUILD_TAG = "build";
 static constexpr const char* ITEM_TAG = "item";
 static constexpr const char* METADATA_TAG = "metadata";
 static constexpr const char* FILAMENT_TAG = "filament";
+static constexpr const char* MIXED_FILAMENT_TAG = "mixed_filament";
+static constexpr const char* MIXED_FILAMENT_COMPONENTS_TAG = "components";
 static constexpr const char* SLICE_WARNING_TAG = "warning";
 static constexpr const char* WARNING_MSG_TAG = "msg";
 static constexpr const char *FILAMENT_ID_TAG   = "id";
@@ -1315,6 +1318,7 @@ void PlateData::parse_filament_info(GCodeProcessorResult *result)
         bool _handle_end_config_metadata();
 
         bool _handle_start_config_filament(const char** attributes, unsigned int num_attributes);
+        bool _handle_start_config_mixed_filament(const char** attributes, unsigned int num_attributes);
         bool _handle_end_config_filament();
 
         bool _handle_start_config_warning(const char** attributes, unsigned int num_attributes);
@@ -2694,6 +2698,14 @@ void PlateData::parse_filament_info(GCodeProcessorResult *result)
                 return;
             }
             BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(info) << __FUNCTION__ << boost::format(", load project config file successfully from %1%\n") %dest_file;
+
+            // Heal any gradient-curve slots corrupted by the legacy "|" separator collision
+            // (see FilamentMixer::sanitize_mixed_gradient_curve_array). The 3MF JSON itself
+            // is safe (";" + C-style escape), but older projects saved through the buggy
+            // export_selections/load_selections path may already carry single-point entries
+            // that fail MakerWorld's "curve needs >= 2 points" check.
+            if (auto* curve_opt = config.option<ConfigOptionStrings>("filament_mixed_gradient_curve"))
+                Slic3r::sanitize_mixed_gradient_curve_array(curve_opt->values);
         }
     }
 
@@ -3511,6 +3523,8 @@ void PlateData::parse_filament_info(GCodeProcessorResult *result)
             res = _handle_start_config_plater_instance(attributes, num_attributes);
         else if (::strcmp(FILAMENT_TAG, name) == 0)
             res = _handle_start_config_filament(attributes, num_attributes);
+        else if (::strcmp(MIXED_FILAMENT_TAG, name) == 0)
+            res = _handle_start_config_mixed_filament(attributes, num_attributes);
         else if (::strcmp(SLICE_WARNING_TAG, name) == 0)
             res = _handle_start_config_warning(attributes, num_attributes);
         else if (::strcmp(NOZZLE_TAG, name) == 0)
@@ -4684,6 +4698,23 @@ void PlateData::parse_filament_info(GCodeProcessorResult *result)
         return true;
     }
 
+    bool _BBS_3MF_Importer::_handle_start_config_mixed_filament(const char** attributes, unsigned int num_attributes)
+    {
+        if (m_curr_plater) {
+            std::string id         = bbs_get_attribute_value_string(attributes, num_attributes, FILAMENT_ID_TAG);
+            std::string type       = bbs_get_attribute_value_string(attributes, num_attributes, FILAMENT_TYPE_TAG);
+            std::string color      = bbs_get_attribute_value_string(attributes, num_attributes, FILAMENT_COLOR_TAG);
+            std::string components = bbs_get_attribute_value_string(attributes, num_attributes, MIXED_FILAMENT_COMPONENTS_TAG);
+            PlateMixedFilamentInfo mixed_info;
+            mixed_info.id         = atoi(id.c_str());
+            mixed_info.type       = type;
+            mixed_info.color      = color;
+            mixed_info.components = components;
+            m_curr_plater->mixed_filaments_info.push_back(mixed_info);
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+
     bool _BBS_3MF_Importer::_handle_end_config_filament()
     {
         // do nothing
@@ -8488,6 +8519,17 @@ void PlateData::parse_filament_info(GCodeProcessorResult *result)
                            << FILAMENT_USED_FOR_SUPPORT << "=\"" << std::boolalpha << it->used_for_support << "\"/>\n";
                 }
 
+                // Mixed (virtual) filaments used by this plate. These are resolved to physical
+                // components before g-code statistics, so they are not present in the <filament>
+                // list above and are recorded separately here.
+                for (auto it = plate_data->mixed_filaments_info.begin(); it != plate_data->mixed_filaments_info.end(); it++)
+                {
+                    stream << "    <" << MIXED_FILAMENT_TAG << " " << FILAMENT_ID_TAG << "=\"" << std::to_string(it->id) << "\" "
+                           << FILAMENT_TYPE_TAG << "=\"" << it->type << "\" "
+                           << FILAMENT_COLOR_TAG << "=\"" << it->color << "\" "
+                           << MIXED_FILAMENT_COMPONENTS_TAG << "=\"" << it->components << "\"/>\n";
+                }
+
                 for (auto it = plate_data->warnings.begin(); it != plate_data->warnings.end(); it++) {
                     stream << "    <" << SLICE_WARNING_TAG << " msg=\"" << it->msg << "\" level=\"" << std::to_string(it->level) << "\" error_code =\"" << it->error_code << "\"  />\n";
                 }
diff --git a/src/libslic3r/Format/bbs_3mf.hpp b/src/libslic3r/Format/bbs_3mf.hpp
index 9c697a14fc..7f5bb8c78d 100644
--- a/src/libslic3r/Format/bbs_3mf.hpp
+++ b/src/libslic3r/Format/bbs_3mf.hpp
@@ -48,6 +48,18 @@ public:
 };
 
 
+// Mixed (virtual) filament used by a plate. Mixed filaments are virtual slots that get
+// resolved to their physical components before g-code statistics, so they never appear in
+// slice_filaments_info. They are recorded here separately so a plate's mixed-color usage
+// can be recovered from slice_info.
+struct PlateMixedFilamentInfo
+{
+    int         id{0};         // 1-based virtual filament slot id
+    std::string type;
+    std::string color;         // blended display color, "#RRGGBB"
+    std::string components;    // 1-based physical component ids, comma separated, e.g. "1,3"
+};
+
 //BBS: define plate data list related structures
 struct PlateData
 {
@@ -89,6 +101,8 @@ struct PlateData
     std::string     first_layer_time;
     std::string     plate_name;
     std::vector<FilamentInfo> slice_filaments_info;
+    // Mixed (virtual) filaments used by this plate; empty when no mixed filament is used.
+    std::vector<PlateMixedFilamentInfo> mixed_filaments_info;
     std::vector<size_t> skipped_objects;
     DynamicPrintConfig config;
     bool            is_support_used {false};
diff --git a/src/libslic3r/GCode.cpp b/src/libslic3r/GCode.cpp
index f42591b6be..a98a991f03 100644
--- a/src/libslic3r/GCode.cpp
+++ b/src/libslic3r/GCode.cpp
@@ -4195,6 +4195,8 @@ void GCode::export_layer_filaments(GCodeProcessorResult* result)
         }
     }
 
+    result->used_mixed_filaments = m_print->get_slice_used_mixed_filaments();
+
     result->optimal_assignment.clear();
     result->optimal_assignment.reserve(filament_map.size());
     for (int nozzle_id : filament_map)
@@ -6859,7 +6861,7 @@ LayerResult GCode::process_layer(
                 if (instance_to_print.object_by_extruder.support && !instance_to_print.object_by_extruder.support->empty()) {
                     if (use_per_volume) {
                         m_nominal_z = obj_sub_z;
-                        gcode += m_writer.travel_to_z(obj_sub_z, "restore Z for support");
+                        m_need_change_layer_lift_z = true;
                     }
                     ExtrusionRole support_role = instance_to_print.object_by_extruder.support_extrusion_role;
                     gcode += this->extrude_support(*instance_to_print.object_by_extruder.support, support_role);
@@ -6897,7 +6899,7 @@ LayerResult GCode::process_layer(
         if (!layer_tools.mixed_sub_layer_groups.empty()) {
             m_writer.add_object_end_labels(gcode);
             m_nominal_z = print_z;
-            gcode += m_writer.travel_to_z(print_z, "restore Z after sublayers");
+            m_need_change_layer_lift_z = true;
         }
 
     }
diff --git a/src/libslic3r/GCode/GCodeProcessor.cpp b/src/libslic3r/GCode/GCodeProcessor.cpp
index b13273d696..4f3f95f297 100644
--- a/src/libslic3r/GCode/GCodeProcessor.cpp
+++ b/src/libslic3r/GCode/GCodeProcessor.cpp
@@ -2543,6 +2543,7 @@ void GCodeProcessorResult::reset() {
     spiral_vase_mode = false;
     layer_filaments.clear();
     filament_change_sequence.clear();
+    used_mixed_filaments.clear();
     nozzle_change_sequence.clear();
     optimal_assignment.clear();
     filament_change_count_map.clear();
diff --git a/src/libslic3r/GCode/GCodeProcessor.hpp b/src/libslic3r/GCode/GCodeProcessor.hpp
index 505f7c06a0..0f211f133e 100644
--- a/src/libslic3r/GCode/GCodeProcessor.hpp
+++ b/src/libslic3r/GCode/GCodeProcessor.hpp
@@ -306,6 +306,9 @@ class Print;
         std::unordered_map<std::vector<unsigned int>, std::vector<std::pair<int, int>>,FilamentSequenceHash> layer_filaments;
         std::vector<unsigned int> nozzle_change_sequence;
         std::vector<unsigned int> filament_change_sequence;
+        // 0-based mixed (virtual) filament slots actually used on this plate.
+        // Recorded before resolve_mixed_filaments expands them to physical components.
+        std::vector<unsigned int> used_mixed_filaments;
         std::vector<int> optimal_assignment;
         // first key stores `from` filament, second keys stores the `to` filament
         std::map<std::pair<int,int>, int > filament_change_count_map;
@@ -357,6 +360,7 @@ class Print;
             printer_extruder_id = other.printer_extruder_id;
             layer_filaments = other.layer_filaments;
             filament_change_sequence = other.filament_change_sequence;
+            used_mixed_filaments = other.used_mixed_filaments;
             nozzle_change_sequence = other.nozzle_change_sequence;
             optimal_assignment = other.optimal_assignment;
             filament_change_count_map = other.filament_change_count_map;
diff --git a/src/libslic3r/GCode/ToolOrdering.cpp b/src/libslic3r/GCode/ToolOrdering.cpp
index ef5495a29e..e59a607d7d 100644
--- a/src/libslic3r/GCode/ToolOrdering.cpp
+++ b/src/libslic3r/GCode/ToolOrdering.cpp
@@ -1015,7 +1015,7 @@ void ToolOrdering::fill_wipe_tower_partitions(const PrintConfig &config, coordf_
 
     //FIXME this is a hack to get the ball rolling.
     for (LayerTools &lt : m_layer_tools)
-        lt.has_wipe_tower |= (lt.has_object && (config.timelapse_type == TimelapseType::tlSmooth || lt.wipe_tower_partitions > 0))
+        lt.has_wipe_tower |= ((lt.has_object || lt.has_support) && (config.timelapse_type == TimelapseType::tlSmooth || lt.wipe_tower_partitions > 0))
             || lt.print_z < object_bottom_z + EPSILON;
 
     // Test for a raft, insert additional wipe tower layer to fill in the raft separation gap.
@@ -1056,6 +1056,84 @@ void ToolOrdering::fill_wipe_tower_partitions(const PrintConfig &config, coordf_
         }
     }
 
+    // Ensure wipe tower vertical continuity:
+    //
+    // (1) Any existing LayerTools sandwiched between two has_wipe_tower layers must itself be a
+    //     wipe-tower layer. The LayerTools entry already exists, but it has neither object nor
+    //     support geometry (has_object == false && has_support == false), so the marking pass
+    //     above leaves has_wipe_tower == false. Happens e.g. when one object is fully floating
+    //     above another and the support_top_z_distance / support_bottom_z_distance gap leaves an
+    //     interior layer with no object and no support (e.g. B top z=20.4, A first layer z=20.8,
+    //     the z=20.6 LayerTools entry exists but stays unmarked).
+    //
+    // (2) When two adjacent has_wipe_tower layers are farther apart than max_layer_height and no
+    //     LayerTools entry exists between them, insert virtual wipe-tower-only layers to bridge
+    //     the gap. Happens with raft: BambuStudio's raft contact layer can be thicker than
+    //     max_layer_height (e.g. raft base top z=0.2, raft contact top z=0.5 — gap 0.3 > 0.28),
+    //     and there is no LayerTools entry between those two z values.
+    //
+    // wipe_tower_partitions has already been max-propagated downward above, so partition counts
+    // on the filled-in / inserted layers stay consistent.
+    {
+        int first_wt_idx = -1;
+        int last_wt_idx  = -1;
+        for (int i = 0; i < (int)m_layer_tools.size(); ++i)
+            if (m_layer_tools[i].has_wipe_tower) {
+                if (first_wt_idx < 0) first_wt_idx = i;
+                last_wt_idx = i;
+            }
+        for (int i = first_wt_idx + 1; i < last_wt_idx; ++i) {
+            LayerTools &lt = m_layer_tools[i];
+            lt.has_wipe_tower = true;
+            // GCode::process_layer emits wipe-tower G-code inside `for (extruder_id : layer_tools.extruders)`.
+            // An empty extruders vector here would silently skip wipe tower output, leaving the tower
+            // physically floating. Seed from the nearest non-empty neighbor so the loop actually runs.
+            if (lt.extruders.empty()) {
+                unsigned int seed_extruder = 0;
+                bool         found_seed    = false;
+                for (int j = i - 1; j >= 0; --j)
+                    if (!m_layer_tools[j].extruders.empty()) {
+                        seed_extruder = m_layer_tools[j].extruders.back();
+                        found_seed = true;
+                        break;
+                    }
+                if (!found_seed)
+                    for (int j = i + 1; j < (int)m_layer_tools.size(); ++j)
+                        if (!m_layer_tools[j].extruders.empty()) {
+                            seed_extruder = m_layer_tools[j].extruders.front();
+                            found_seed = true;
+                            break;
+                        }
+                if (found_seed)
+                    lt.extruders.push_back(seed_extruder);
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Walk adjacent has_wipe_tower pairs and split oversized gaps. Re-evaluate the same i
+        // after each insertion so very large gaps get split into multiple layers.
+        for (int i = 0; i + 1 < (int)m_layer_tools.size(); ) {
+            LayerTools &lt      = m_layer_tools[i];
+            LayerTools &lt_next = m_layer_tools[i + 1];
+            if (!lt.has_wipe_tower || !lt_next.has_wipe_tower) {
+                ++i;
+                continue;
+            }
+            coordf_t gap = lt_next.print_z - lt.print_z;
+            if (gap <= max_layer_height + EPSILON) {
+                ++i;
+                continue;
+            }
+            LayerTools lt_new(0.5 * (lt.print_z + lt_next.print_z));
+            lt_new.has_wipe_tower = true;
+            if (!lt_next.extruders.empty())
+                lt_new.extruders.push_back(lt_next.extruders.front());
+            else if (!lt.extruders.empty())
+                lt_new.extruders.push_back(lt.extruders.back());
+            lt_new.wipe_tower_partitions = lt_next.wipe_tower_partitions;
+            m_layer_tools.insert(m_layer_tools.begin() + i + 1, lt_new);
+        }
+    }
+
     // If the model contains empty layers (such as https://github.com/prusa3d/Slic3r/issues/1266), there might be layers
     // that were not marked as has_wipe_tower, even when they should have been. This produces a crash with soluble supports
     // and maybe other problems. We will therefore go through layer_tools and detect and fix this.
@@ -2081,6 +2159,18 @@ void ToolOrdering::resolve_mixed_filaments(const PrintConfig &config)
     const auto &comp_strs = config.filament_mixed_components.values;
     const auto &ratio_strs = config.filament_mixed_sublayer_ratios.values;
 
+    // Capture mixed slots that actually appear on layers before they are expanded to
+    // physical components. Assigned-but-unused mixed slots never enter layer_tools.
+    m_used_mixed_filaments.clear();
+    if (has_any_mixed_filament(is_mixed)) {
+        std::set<unsigned int> used;
+        for (const LayerTools &lt : m_layer_tools)
+            for (unsigned int ext : lt.extruders)
+                if (ext < is_mixed.size() && is_mixed[ext])
+                    used.insert(ext);
+        m_used_mixed_filaments.assign(used.begin(), used.end());
+    }
+
     if (!has_any_mixed_filament(is_mixed))
         return;
 
diff --git a/src/libslic3r/GCode/ToolOrdering.hpp b/src/libslic3r/GCode/ToolOrdering.hpp
index 699afa7091..4dc08c0e8b 100644
--- a/src/libslic3r/GCode/ToolOrdering.hpp
+++ b/src/libslic3r/GCode/ToolOrdering.hpp
@@ -290,6 +290,9 @@ public:
 
     // For a multi-material print, the printing extruders are ordered in the order they shall be primed.
     const std::vector<unsigned int>& all_extruders() const { return m_all_printing_extruders; }
+    // 0-based mixed (virtual) slots that appeared on layers before resolve_mixed_filaments
+    // expanded them to physical components.
+    const std::vector<unsigned int>& used_mixed_filaments() const { return m_used_mixed_filaments; }
 
     // Find LayerTools with the closest print_z.
     const LayerTools&	tools_for_layer(coordf_t print_z) const;
@@ -376,6 +379,7 @@ private:
     unsigned int               m_last_printing_extruder  = (unsigned int)-1;
     // All extruders, which extrude some material over m_layer_tools.
     std::vector<unsigned int>  m_all_printing_extruders;
+    std::vector<unsigned int>  m_used_mixed_filaments;
     const DynamicPrintConfig*  m_print_full_config = nullptr;
     const PrintConfig*         m_print_config_ptr = nullptr;
 
diff --git a/src/libslic3r/PresetBundle.cpp b/src/libslic3r/PresetBundle.cpp
index 3e23107102..244a9e6607 100644
--- a/src/libslic3r/PresetBundle.cpp
+++ b/src/libslic3r/PresetBundle.cpp
@@ -2760,6 +2760,9 @@ static void load_mixed_filament_settings(DynamicPrintConfig &project_config, con
                 vals = std::move(curves);
         }
         vals.resize(n_filaments, std::string{});
+        // Heal legacy corruption: clear any non-empty slot that ended up with < 2 points
+        // (e.g. a curve split across slots by the old "|" delimiter). Falls back to linear.
+        Slic3r::sanitize_mixed_gradient_curve_array(vals);
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/src/libslic3r/Print.cpp b/src/libslic3r/Print.cpp
index 2bc4e9ee2a..b50a6b9d43 100644
--- a/src/libslic3r/Print.cpp
+++ b/src/libslic3r/Print.cpp
@@ -1388,6 +1388,13 @@ StringObjectException Print::validate(std::vector<StringObjectException> *warnin
         // #4043
         if (total_copies_count > 1 && m_config.print_sequence != PrintSequence::ByObject)
             return {L("Please select \"By object\" print sequence to print multiple objects in spiral vase mode."), nullptr, "spiral_mode"};
+        // A mixed (virtual) filament always resolves to multiple physical components, which
+        // spiral vase cannot print.
+        const auto &is_mixed = m_config.filament_is_mixed.values;
+        for (const PrintObject *object : m_objects)
+            for (unsigned int ext : object->object_extruders())
+                if (ext < is_mixed.size() && is_mixed[ext])
+                    return {L("Spiral (vase) mode does not work when an object contains more than one material."), nullptr, "spiral_mode"};
         assert(m_objects.size() == 1);
         const auto all_regions = m_objects.front()->all_regions();
         if (all_regions.size() > 1) {
@@ -2595,6 +2602,7 @@ void Print::process(long long *time_cost_with_cache, bool use_cache)
             // Order object instances for sequential print.
             print_object_instances_ordering = sort_object_instances_by_model_order(*this);
             std::vector<unsigned int> first_layer_used_filaments;
+            std::vector<unsigned int> used_mixed_filaments;
             std::vector<std::vector<unsigned int>> all_filaments;
             for (print_object_instance_sequential_active = print_object_instances_ordering.begin(); print_object_instance_sequential_active != print_object_instances_ordering.end(); ++print_object_instance_sequential_active) {
                 tool_ordering = ToolOrdering(*(*print_object_instance_sequential_active)->print_object, initial_extruder_id);
@@ -2604,10 +2612,14 @@ void Print::process(long long *time_cost_with_cache, bool use_cache)
                     if (idx == 0)
                         first_layer_used_filaments.insert(first_layer_used_filaments.end(), layer_filament.begin(), layer_filament.end());
                 }
+                used_mixed_filaments.insert(used_mixed_filaments.end(),
+                    tool_ordering.used_mixed_filaments().begin(), tool_ordering.used_mixed_filaments().end());
             }
             sort_remove_duplicates(first_layer_used_filaments);
+            sort_remove_duplicates(used_mixed_filaments);
             auto used_filaments = collect_sorted_used_filaments(all_filaments);
             this->set_slice_used_filaments(first_layer_used_filaments,used_filaments);
+            this->set_slice_used_mixed_filaments(used_mixed_filaments);
 
             auto physical_unprintables = this->get_physical_unprintable_filaments(used_filaments);
             auto geometric_unprintables = this->get_geometric_unprintable_filaments();
@@ -2717,6 +2729,7 @@ void Print::process(long long *time_cost_with_cache, bool use_cache)
                 first_layer_used_filaments = tool_ordering.layer_tools().front().extruders;
 
             this->set_slice_used_filaments(first_layer_used_filaments, tool_ordering.all_extruders());
+            this->set_slice_used_mixed_filaments(tool_ordering.used_mixed_filaments());
             has_wipe_tower = this->has_wipe_tower() && tool_ordering.has_wipe_tower();
             initial_extruder_id = tool_ordering.first_extruder();
             print_object_instances_ordering = chain_print_object_instances(*this);
@@ -4034,38 +4047,36 @@ void Print::_make_wipe_tower()
         return;
 
     // Check whether there are any layers in m_tool_ordering, which are marked with has_wipe_tower,
-    // they print neither object, nor support. These layers are above the raft and below the object, and they
-    // shall be added to the support layers to be printed.
-    // see https://github.com/prusa3d/PrusaSlicer/issues/607
+    // they print neither object, nor support. Each such layer needs a virtual support layer
+    // counterpart in m_objects.front() so that GCode::collect_layers_to_print picks it up and the
+    // wipe tower G-code is actually emitted for that z. Such layers appear in two scenarios:
+    //   - above the raft, between raft top and the first real object layer
+    //     (see https://github.com/prusa3d/PrusaSlicer/issues/607);
+    //   - between two real wipe-tower layers, when one object is fully floating above another and
+    //     the support_top_z_distance / support_bottom_z_distance gap leaves interior z values with
+    //     neither object nor support (continuity fill in ToolOrdering::fill_wipe_tower_partitions).
+    // The previous implementation only handled the first contiguous run starting at the first
+    // virtual layer, which made the second scenario silently produce empty wipe-tower layers.
     {
-        size_t idx_begin = size_t(-1);
-        size_t idx_end   = m_wipe_tower_data.tool_ordering.layer_tools().size();
-        // Find the first wipe tower layer, which does not have a counterpart in an object or a support layer.
+        auto &support_layers = m_objects.front()->support_layers();
+        auto it_layer = support_layers.begin();
+        const size_t idx_end = m_wipe_tower_data.tool_ordering.layer_tools().size();
         for (size_t i = 0; i < idx_end; ++ i) {
-            const LayerTools &lt = m_wipe_tower_data.tool_ordering.layer_tools()[i];
-            if (lt.has_wipe_tower && ! lt.has_object && ! lt.has_support) {
-                idx_begin = i;
-                break;
-            }
-        }
-        if (idx_begin != size_t(-1)) {
-            // Find the position in m_objects.first()->support_layers to insert these new support layers.
-            double wipe_tower_new_layer_print_z_first = m_wipe_tower_data.tool_ordering.layer_tools()[idx_begin].print_z;
-            auto it_layer = m_objects.front()->support_layers().begin();
-            auto it_end   = m_objects.front()->support_layers().end();
-            for (; it_layer != it_end && (*it_layer)->print_z - EPSILON < wipe_tower_new_layer_print_z_first; ++ it_layer);
-            // Find the stopper of the sequence of wipe tower layers, which do not have a counterpart in an object or a support layer.
-            for (size_t i = idx_begin; i < idx_end; ++ i) {
-                LayerTools &lt = const_cast<LayerTools&>(m_wipe_tower_data.tool_ordering.layer_tools()[i]);
-                if (! (lt.has_wipe_tower && ! lt.has_object && ! lt.has_support))
-                    break;
-                lt.has_support = true;
-                // Insert the new support layer.
-                double height    = lt.print_z - (i == 0 ? 0. : m_wipe_tower_data.tool_ordering.layer_tools()[i-1].print_z);
-                //FIXME the support layer ID is set to -1, as Vojtech hopes it is not being used anyway.
-                it_layer = m_objects.front()->insert_support_layer(it_layer, -1, 0, height, lt.print_z, lt.print_z - 0.5 * height);
+            LayerTools &lt = const_cast<LayerTools&>(m_wipe_tower_data.tool_ordering.layer_tools()[i]);
+            if (! (lt.has_wipe_tower && ! lt.has_object && ! lt.has_support))
+                continue;
+            while (it_layer != support_layers.end() && (*it_layer)->print_z + EPSILON < lt.print_z)
                 ++ it_layer;
+            if (it_layer != support_layers.end() && std::abs((*it_layer)->print_z - lt.print_z) < EPSILON) {
+                lt.has_support = true;
+                ++ it_layer;
+                continue;
             }
+            lt.has_support = true;
+            double height = lt.print_z - (i == 0 ? 0. : m_wipe_tower_data.tool_ordering.layer_tools()[i-1].print_z);
+            //FIXME the support layer ID is set to -1, as Vojtech hopes it is not being used anyway.
+            it_layer = m_objects.front()->insert_support_layer(it_layer, -1, 0, height, lt.print_z, lt.print_z - 0.5 * height);
+            ++ it_layer;
         }
     }
     this->throw_if_canceled();
diff --git a/src/libslic3r/Print.hpp b/src/libslic3r/Print.hpp
index efee489c57..b1d38a3ed3 100644
--- a/src/libslic3r/Print.hpp
+++ b/src/libslic3r/Print.hpp
@@ -1088,6 +1088,10 @@ public:
         m_slice_used_filaments = used_filaments;
     }
     std::vector<unsigned int> get_slice_used_filaments(bool first_layer) const { return first_layer ? m_slice_used_filaments_first_layer : m_slice_used_filaments;}
+    void set_slice_used_mixed_filaments(const std::vector<unsigned int> &used_mixed_filaments) {
+        m_slice_used_mixed_filaments = used_mixed_filaments;
+    }
+    const std::vector<unsigned int>& get_slice_used_mixed_filaments() const { return m_slice_used_mixed_filaments; }
 
     /**
     * @brief Determines the unprintable filaments for each extruder based on its physical attributes
@@ -1355,6 +1359,8 @@ private:
 
     std::vector<unsigned int> m_slice_used_filaments;
     std::vector<unsigned int> m_slice_used_filaments_first_layer;
+    // 0-based mixed (virtual) filament slots actually used on this plate.
+    std::vector<unsigned int> m_slice_used_mixed_filaments;
 
     //BBS: plate's origin
     Vec3d   m_origin {0, 0, 0};
diff --git a/src/libslic3r/PrintConfig.cpp b/src/libslic3r/PrintConfig.cpp
index f2072c7860..2a4eb8d7a7 100644
--- a/src/libslic3r/PrintConfig.cpp
+++ b/src/libslic3r/PrintConfig.cpp
@@ -11826,6 +11826,23 @@ std::map<std::string, std::string> validate(const FullPrintConfig &cfg, bool und
         }
     }
 
+    // Mixed-color (混色) parameter validation.
+    {
+        const auto &is_mixed       = cfg.filament_is_mixed.values;
+        const auto &comp_strs      = cfg.filament_mixed_components.values;
+        const auto &ratio_strs     = cfg.filament_mixed_sublayer_ratios.values;
+        const auto &gradient_flags = cfg.filament_mixed_gradient.values;
+        const auto &range_strs     = cfg.filament_mixed_gradient_range.values;
+        const auto &curve_strs     = cfg.filament_mixed_gradient_curve.values;
+
+        std::map<std::string, std::string> mixed_errors = validate_mixed_filament_params(
+            is_mixed, comp_strs, ratio_strs, gradient_flags,
+            range_strs, curve_strs);
+        for (const auto &kv : mixed_errors)
+            if (error_message.find(kv.first) == error_message.end())
+                error_message.emplace(kv.first, kv.second);
+    }
+
     // The configuration is valid.
     return error_message;
 }
diff --git a/src/slic3r/GUI/PartPlate.cpp b/src/slic3r/GUI/PartPlate.cpp
index 1bbe1fc034..74f13d94df 100644
--- a/src/slic3r/GUI/PartPlate.cpp
+++ b/src/slic3r/GUI/PartPlate.cpp
@@ -6492,6 +6492,31 @@ int PartPlateList::store_to_3mf_structure(PlateDataPtrs& plate_data_list, bool w
 					}
 					//parse filament info
 					plate_data_item->parse_filament_info(m_plate_list[i]->get_slice_result());
+
+					// Record mixed (virtual) filaments actually used on this plate.
+					// Source is ToolOrdering::used_mixed_filaments (slots that appeared in
+					// layer tools before resolve), persisted on GCodeProcessorResult / Print —
+					// not print->extruders() which only reflects assignment.
+					{
+						std::vector<unsigned int> used_mixed;
+						if (auto *slice_result = m_plate_list[i]->get_slice_result())
+							used_mixed = slice_result->used_mixed_filaments;
+						if (used_mixed.empty() && print)
+							used_mixed = print->get_slice_used_mixed_filaments();
+						if (!used_mixed.empty() && print) {
+							const auto &fila_types  = print->config().filament_type.values;
+							const auto &fila_colors = print->config().filament_colour.values;
+							const auto &fila_comps  = print->config().filament_mixed_components.values;
+							for (unsigned int fid : used_mixed) {
+								PlateMixedFilamentInfo mixed_info;
+								mixed_info.id = (int) fid + 1;
+								if (fid < fila_types.size())  mixed_info.type       = fila_types[fid];
+								if (fid < fila_colors.size()) mixed_info.color      = fila_colors[fid];
+								if (fid < fila_comps.size())  mixed_info.components = fila_comps[fid];
+								plate_data_item->mixed_filaments_info.push_back(mixed_info);
+							}
+						}
+					}
 				} else {
 					BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(info) << __FUNCTION__ << "slice result = " << m_plate_list[i]->get_slice_result()
 										<< ", result valid = " << m_plate_list[i]->is_slice_result_valid();
@@ -6558,6 +6583,13 @@ int PartPlateList::load_from_3mf_structure(PlateDataPtrs& plate_data_list, int f
 		m_plate_list[index]->slice_filaments_info = plate_data_list[i]->slice_filaments_info;
 		gcode_result->warnings = plate_data_list[i]->warnings;
         gcode_result->filament_maps = plate_data_list[i]->filament_maps;
+		gcode_result->used_mixed_filaments.clear();
+		for (const auto &mixed_info : plate_data_list[i]->mixed_filaments_info) {
+			if (mixed_info.id > 0)
+				gcode_result->used_mixed_filaments.push_back(static_cast<unsigned int>(mixed_info.id - 1));
+		}
+		if (Print *print = dynamic_cast<Print*>(fff_print))
+			print->set_slice_used_mixed_filaments(gcode_result->used_mixed_filaments);
 
         // Reconstruct the device-side nozzle grouping from the loaded 3mf so
         // the monitor/preview can map filaments to physical nozzles.

From 94a1cd6c932cc87bcd26479cad56f3c39af23644 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: SoftFever <softfeverever@gmail.com>
Date: Sat, 22 Aug 2026 13:06:36 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 14/51] Port color decompose recipe data and interpolation from
 BambuStudio

---
 .../standard_color_recipes.json               | 14820 ++++++++--------
 src/libslic3r/ColorDecomposeRecipe.cpp        |   207 +-
 src/slic3r/GUI/ColorDecomposeDialog.cpp       |     8 +-
 src/slic3r/GUI/Plater.cpp                     |    27 +-
 4 files changed, 7625 insertions(+), 7437 deletions(-)

diff --git a/resources/filament_mixing/standard_color_recipes.json b/resources/filament_mixing/standard_color_recipes.json
index 280be054b2..df03b49ac3 100644
--- a/resources/filament_mixing/standard_color_recipes.json
+++ b/resources/filament_mixing/standard_color_recipes.json
@@ -19,11 +19,11 @@
         80
       ],
       "measured_lab": [
-        48.12,
-        36.72,
-        -25.69
+        48.14,
+        33.87,
+        -25.42
       ],
-      "measured_rgb": "#9A5B9E",
+      "measured_rgb": "#965E9E",
       "source": "measured"
     },
     {
@@ -44,12 +44,12 @@
         75
       ],
       "measured_lab": [
-        48.038,
-        34.252,
-        -26.762
+        48.2,
+        33.11,
+        -25.85
       ],
-      "measured_rgb": "#955DA0",
-      "source": "interpolated"
+      "measured_rgb": "#955F9E",
+      "source": "measured"
     },
     {
       "mode": "CMYW",
@@ -69,12 +69,12 @@
         70
       ],
       "measured_lab": [
-        47.957,
-        31.783,
-        -27.833
+        48.06,
+        29.44,
+        -27.62
       ],
-      "measured_rgb": "#905FA1",
-      "source": "interpolated"
+      "measured_rgb": "#8D61A1",
+      "source": "measured"
     },
     {
       "mode": "CMYW",
@@ -94,12 +94,12 @@
         65
       ],
       "measured_lab": [
-        47.875,
-        29.315,
-        -28.905
+        47.82,
+        28.45,
+        -28.19
       ],
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@@ -1819,24 +1169,24 @@
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@@ -1869,24 +1219,24 @@
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-        36.912,
-        18.292,
-        3.339
+        34.44,
+        20.68,
+        5.02
       ],
-      "measured_rgb": "#754C52",
-      "source": "interpolated"
+      "measured_rgb": "#72444A",
+      "source": "measured"
     },
     {
       "mode": "RYBW",
@@ -13314,12 +13314,12 @@
         20
       ],
       "measured_lab": [
-        36.228,
-        17.339,
-        2.496
+        31.82,
+        18.04,
+        1.96
       ],
-      "measured_rgb": "#714B52",
-      "source": "interpolated"
+      "measured_rgb": "#674048",
+      "source": "measured"
     },
     {
       "mode": "RYBW",
@@ -13344,11 +13344,11 @@
         20
       ],
       "measured_lab": [
-        35.37,
-        20.0,
-        5.16
+        33.8,
+        20.81,
+        5.55
       ],
-      "measured_rgb": "#74474C",
+      "measured_rgb": "#714248",
       "source": "measured"
     },
     {
@@ -13374,11 +13374,11 @@
         60
       ],
       "measured_lab": [
-        61.06,
-        -24.52,
-        4.52
+        61.95,
+        -24.93,
+        11.39
       ],
-      "measured_rgb": "#629F8B",
+      "measured_rgb": "#6CA181",
       "source": "measured"
     },
     {
@@ -13404,12 +13404,12 @@
         55
       ],
       "measured_lab": [
-        57.848,
-        -25.117,
-        4.243
+        58.64,
+        -24.28,
+        6.71
       ],
-      "measured_rgb": "#589783",
-      "source": "interpolated"
+      "measured_rgb": "#609881",
+      "source": "measured"
     },
     {
       "mode": "RYBW",
@@ -13434,11 +13434,11 @@
         50
       ],
       "measured_lab": [
-        54.77,
-        -24.86,
-        1.44
+        53.18,
+        -26.38,
+        5.24
       ],
-      "measured_rgb": "#4D8F80",
+      "measured_rgb": "#4A8B75",
       "source": "measured"
     },
     {
@@ -13464,12 +13464,12 @@
         45
       ],
       "measured_lab": [
-        52.842,
-        -24.709,
-        1.617
+        48.85,
+        -26.53,
+        1.34
       ],
-      "measured_rgb": "#498A7B",
-      "source": "interpolated"
+      "measured_rgb": "#388071",
+      "source": "measured"
     },
     {
       "mode": "RYBW",
@@ -13494,11 +13494,11 @@
         40
       ],
       "measured_lab": [
-        51.03,
-        -23.9,
-        0.04
+        47.76,
+        -25.67,
+        0.94
       ],
-      "measured_rgb": "#448579",
+      "measured_rgb": "#377D6F",
       "source": "measured"
     },
     {
@@ -13524,12 +13524,12 @@
         35
       ],
       "measured_lab": [
-        50.331,
-        -22.636,
-        -1.173
+        47.71,
+        -23.33,
+        -0.88
       ],
-      "measured_rgb": "#448279",
-      "source": "interpolated"
+      "measured_rgb": "#3B7C72",
+      "source": "measured"
     },
     {
       "mode": "RYBW",
@@ -13554,11 +13554,11 @@
         30
       ],
       "measured_lab": [
-        50.33,
-        -19.96,
-        -4.63
+        45.3,
+        -23.42,
+        -3.16
       ],
-      "measured_rgb": "#46827F",
+      "measured_rgb": "#307670",
       "source": "measured"
     },
     {
@@ -13584,12 +13584,12 @@
         25
       ],
       "measured_lab": [
-        47.473,
-        -21.21,
-        -4.144
+        42.32,
+        -22.68,
+        -5.37
       ],
-      "measured_rgb": "#3C7B77",
-      "source": "interpolated"
+      "measured_rgb": "#256E6C",
+      "source": "measured"
     },
     {
       "mode": "RYBW",
@@ -13614,11 +13614,11 @@
         20
       ],
       "measured_lab": [
-        44.4,
-        -21.12,
-        -5.79
+        40.66,
+        -22.75,
+        -6.54
       ],
-      "measured_rgb": "#317372",
+      "measured_rgb": "#1C6A6A",
       "source": "measured"
     },
     {
@@ -13644,12 +13644,12 @@
         55
       ],
       "measured_lab": [
-        59.761,
-        -26.071,
-        8.356
+        58.19,
+        -28.22,
+        13.86
       ],
-      "measured_rgb": "#609C80",
-      "source": "interpolated"
+      "measured_rgb": "#5C9973",
+      "source": "measured"
     },
     {
       "mode": "RYBW",
@@ -13674,12 +13674,12 @@
         50
       ],
       "measured_lab": [
-        57.712,
-        -25.973,
-        6.767
+        57.54,
+        -26.75,
+        11.39
       ],
-      "measured_rgb": "#59977E",
-      "source": "interpolated"
+      "measured_rgb": "#5C9675",
+      "source": "measured"
     },
     {
       "mode": "RYBW",
@@ -13704,12 +13704,12 @@
         45
       ],
       "measured_lab": [
-        54.838,
-        -25.724,
-        4.421
+        54.04,
+        -25.84,
+        7.96
       ],
-      "measured_rgb": "#4F8F7B",
-      "source": "interpolated"
+      "measured_rgb": "#518D73",
+      "source": "measured"
     },
     {
       "mode": "RYBW",
@@ -13734,12 +13734,12 @@
         40
       ],
       "measured_lab": [
-        52.725,
-        -25.367,
-        3.373
+        49.15,
+        -27.67,
+        5.27
       ],
-      "measured_rgb": "#498A77",
-      "source": "interpolated"
+      "measured_rgb": "#3B816B",
+      "source": "measured"
     },
     {
       "mode": "RYBW",
@@ -13764,12 +13764,12 @@
         35
       ],
       "measured_lab": [
-        51.078,
-        -24.654,
-        2.192
+        50.78,
+        -24.99,
+        5.57
       ],
-      "measured_rgb": "#458575",
-      "source": "interpolated"
+      "measured_rgb": "#48846F",
+      "source": "measured"
     },
     {
       "mode": "RYBW",
@@ -13794,12 +13794,12 @@
         30
       ],
       "measured_lab": [
-        49.633,
-        -24.048,
-        1.07
+        46.19,
+        -27.43,
+        6.2
       ],
-      "measured_rgb": "#418173",
-      "source": "interpolated"
+      "measured_rgb": "#367962",
+      "source": "measured"
     },
     {
       "mode": "RYBW",
@@ -13824,12 +13824,12 @@
         25
       ],
       "measured_lab": [
-        48.295,
-        -23.241,
-        -0.276
+        44.25,
+        -26.25,
+        2.19
       ],
-      "measured_rgb": "#3E7D72",
-      "source": "interpolated"
+      "measured_rgb": "#2D7464",
+      "source": "measured"
     },
     {
       "mode": "RYBW",
@@ -13854,12 +13854,12 @@
         20
       ],
       "measured_lab": [
-        47.321,
-        -22.711,
-        -1.654
+        43.05,
+        -25.29,
+        -0.35
       ],
-      "measured_rgb": "#3B7B72",
-      "source": "interpolated"
+      "measured_rgb": "#297166",
+      "source": "measured"
     },
     {
       "mode": "RYBW",
@@ -13914,12 +13914,12 @@
         45
       ],
       "measured_lab": [
-        56.832,
-        -27.292,
-        9.998
+        56.39,
+        -27.38,
+        13.6
       ],
-      "measured_rgb": "#579576",
-      "source": "interpolated"
+      "measured_rgb": "#5A936F",
+      "source": "measured"
     },
     {
       "mode": "RYBW",
@@ -13944,11 +13944,11 @@
         40
       ],
       "measured_lab": [
-        54.51,
-        -26.79,
-        7.33
+        55.04,
+        -26.57,
+        11.27
       ],
-      "measured_rgb": "#4F8F75",
+      "measured_rgb": "#56906F",
       "source": "measured"
     },
     {
@@ -13974,12 +13974,12 @@
         35
       ],
       "measured_lab": [
-        52.699,
-        -26.542,
-        6.207
+        50.22,
+        -27.61,
+        7.99
       ],
-      "measured_rgb": "#498A72",
-      "source": "interpolated"
+      "measured_rgb": "#428469",
+      "source": "measured"
     },
     {
       "mode": "RYBW",
@@ -14004,11 +14004,11 @@
         30
       ],
       "measured_lab": [
-        50.59,
-        -25.92,
-        4.68
+        48.43,
+        -28.67,
+        10.95
       ],
-      "measured_rgb": "#448470",
+      "measured_rgb": "#3F7F60",
       "source": "measured"
     },
     {
@@ -14034,12 +14034,12 @@
         25
       ],
       "measured_lab": [
-        48.934,
-        -25.459,
-        3.313
+        46.49,
+        -27.7,
+        8.65
       ],
-      "measured_rgb": "#3F806E",
-      "source": "interpolated"
+      "measured_rgb": "#397A5F",
+      "source": "measured"
     },
     {
       "mode": "RYBW",
@@ -14064,11 +14064,11 @@
         20
       ],
       "measured_lab": [
-        46.58,
-        -26.41,
-        4.19
+        45.03,
+        -26.36,
+        4.91
       ],
-      "measured_rgb": "#377A67",
+      "measured_rgb": "#347662",
       "source": "measured"
     },
     {
@@ -14094,12 +14094,12 @@
         45
       ],
       "measured_lab": [
-        59.54,
-        -27.398,
-        13.802
+        60.7,
+        -28.15,
+        21.36
       ],
-      "measured_rgb": "#629C76",
-      "source": "interpolated"
+      "measured_rgb": "#6A9F6C",
+      "source": "measured"
     },
     {
       "mode": "RYBW",
@@ -14124,12 +14124,12 @@
         40
       ],
       "measured_lab": [
-        57.05,
-        -27.815,
-        12.345
+        58.01,
+        -27.55,
+        16.4
       ],
-      "measured_rgb": "#599573",
-      "source": "interpolated"
+      "measured_rgb": "#60986E",
+      "source": "measured"
     },
     {
       "mode": "RYBW",
@@ -14154,12 +14154,12 @@
         35
       ],
       "measured_lab": [
-        53.733,
-        -28.082,
-        10.13
+        53.3,
+        -28.62,
+        14.7
       ],
-      "measured_rgb": "#4D8D6E",
-      "source": "interpolated"
+      "measured_rgb": "#508C65",
+      "source": "measured"
     },
     {
       "mode": "RYBW",
@@ -14184,12 +14184,12 @@
         30
       ],
       "measured_lab": [
-        51.412,
-        -28.053,
-        9.243
+        51.14,
+        -28.08,
+        12.6
       ],
-      "measured_rgb": "#46876A",
-      "source": "interpolated"
+      "measured_rgb": "#498663",
+      "source": "measured"
     },
     {
       "mode": "RYBW",
@@ -14214,12 +14214,12 @@
         25
       ],
       "measured_lab": [
-        50.144,
-        -27.794,
-        8.631
+        48.27,
+        -28.82,
+        13.08
       ],
-      "measured_rgb": "#438468",
-      "source": "interpolated"
+      "measured_rgb": "#407F5C",
+      "source": "measured"
     },
     {
       "mode": "RYBW",
@@ -14244,12 +14244,12 @@
         20
       ],
       "measured_lab": [
-        48.907,
-        -27.218,
-        6.971
+        44.97,
+        -27.91,
+        6.3
       ],
-      "measured_rgb": "#3F8068",
-      "source": "interpolated"
+      "measured_rgb": "#31765F",
+      "source": "measured"
     },
     {
       "mode": "RYBW",
@@ -14274,11 +14274,11 @@
         40
       ],
       "measured_lab": [
-        61.06,
-        -26.66,
-        15.28
+        59.26,
+        -29.58,
+        23.49
       ],
-      "measured_rgb": "#699F77",
+      "measured_rgb": "#659C64",
       "source": "measured"
     },
     {
@@ -14304,12 +14304,12 @@
         35
       ],
       "measured_lab": [
-        56.013,
-        -28.529,
-        13.977
+        55.03,
+        -29.9,
+        20.19
       ],
-      "measured_rgb": "#56936D",
-      "source": "interpolated"
+      "measured_rgb": "#569160",
+      "source": "measured"
     },
     {
       "mode": "RYBW",
@@ -14334,11 +14334,11 @@
         30
       ],
       "measured_lab": [
-        52.12,
-        -30.09,
-        12.99
+        52.18,
+        -28.85,
+        16.83
       ],
-      "measured_rgb": "#478965",
+      "measured_rgb": "#4F895F",
       "source": "measured"
     },
     {
@@ -14364,12 +14364,12 @@
         25
       ],
       "measured_lab": [
-        50.654,
-        -29.184,
-        11.401
+        51.03,
+        -30.5,
+        17.18
       ],
-      "measured_rgb": "#438564",
-      "source": "interpolated"
+      "measured_rgb": "#48865B",
+      "source": "measured"
     },
     {
       "mode": "RYBW",
@@ -14394,11 +14394,11 @@
         20
       ],
       "measured_lab": [
-        48.43,
-        -29.41,
-        11.97
+        50.23,
+        -27.11,
+        13.19
       ],
-      "measured_rgb": "#3E805E",
+      "measured_rgb": "#4A8360",
       "source": "measured"
     },
     {
@@ -14424,12 +14424,12 @@
         35
       ],
       "measured_lab": [
-        59.968,
-        -26.563,
-        15.444
+        59.6,
+        -28.48,
+        25.96
       ],
-      "measured_rgb": "#679D74",
-      "source": "interpolated"
+      "measured_rgb": "#6A9C61",
+      "source": "measured"
     },
     {
       "mode": "RYBW",
@@ -14454,12 +14454,12 @@
         30
       ],
       "measured_lab": [
-        56.752,
-        -28.317,
-        15.672
+        56.1,
+        -28.9,
+        21.55
       ],
-      "measured_rgb": "#5A956C",
-      "source": "interpolated"
+      "measured_rgb": "#5D9360",
+      "source": "measured"
     },
     {
       "mode": "RYBW",
@@ -14484,12 +14484,12 @@
         25
       ],
       "measured_lab": [
-        53.538,
-        -30.073,
-        15.901
+        52.36,
+        -29.7,
+        18.82
       ],
-      "measured_rgb": "#4E8D64",
-      "source": "interpolated"
+      "measured_rgb": "#4F8A5C",
+      "source": "measured"
     },
     {
       "mode": "RYBW",
@@ -14514,12 +14514,12 @@
         20
       ],
       "measured_lab": [
-        50.997,
-        -30.209,
-        14.208
+        50.32,
+        -30.46,
+        18.03
       ],
-      "measured_rgb": "#458660",
-      "source": "interpolated"
+      "measured_rgb": "#478558",
+      "source": "measured"
     },
     {
       "mode": "RYBW",
@@ -14544,11 +14544,11 @@
         30
       ],
       "measured_lab": [
-        62.09,
-        -24.71,
-        15.38
+        58.9,
+        -29.55,
+        28.26
       ],
-      "measured_rgb": "#70A17A",
+      "measured_rgb": "#689A5B",
       "source": "measured"
     },
     {
@@ -14574,12 +14574,12 @@
         25
       ],
       "measured_lab": [
-        56.579,
-        -28.785,
-        18.097
+        55.52,
+        -29.56,
+        25.37
       ],
-      "measured_rgb": "#5B9467",
-      "source": "interpolated"
+      "measured_rgb": "#5D9258",
+      "source": "measured"
     },
     {
       "mode": "RYBW",
@@ -14604,11 +14604,11 @@
         20
       ],
       "measured_lab": [
-        51.74,
-        -31.81,
-        19.04
+        51.61,
+        -30.92,
+        22.57
       ],
-      "measured_rgb": "#48895A",
+      "measured_rgb": "#4D8853",
       "source": "measured"
     },
     {
@@ -14634,12 +14634,12 @@
         25
       ],
       "measured_lab": [
-        59.237,
-        -28.888,
-        22.914
+        57.98,
+        -30.58,
+        31.16
       ],
-      "measured_rgb": "#669B65",
-      "source": "interpolated"
+      "measured_rgb": "#659853",
+      "source": "measured"
     },
     {
       "mode": "RYBW",
@@ -14664,12 +14664,12 @@
         20
       ],
       "measured_lab": [
-        56.854,
-        -29.771,
-        21.59
+        55.14,
+        -30.46,
+        27.15
       ],
-      "measured_rgb": "#5D9562",
-      "source": "interpolated"
+      "measured_rgb": "#5B9153",
+      "source": "measured"
     },
     {
       "mode": "RYBW",
@@ -14694,11 +14694,11 @@
         20
       ],
       "measured_lab": [
-        57.68,
-        -32.73,
-        32.07
+        57.58,
+        -31.03,
+        33.45
       ],
-      "measured_rgb": "#609850",
+      "measured_rgb": "#65974D",
       "source": "measured"
     }
   ]
diff --git a/src/libslic3r/ColorDecomposeRecipe.cpp b/src/libslic3r/ColorDecomposeRecipe.cpp
index 8e5de9c06f..f2ceb1860a 100644
--- a/src/libslic3r/ColorDecomposeRecipe.cpp
+++ b/src/libslic3r/ColorDecomposeRecipe.cpp
@@ -61,6 +61,42 @@ static LabColor rgb_to_lab(const ColorDecomposeRgb& rgb)
     return {116.0 * fy - 16.0, 500.0 * (fx - fy), 200.0 * (fy - fz)};
 }
 
+static std::string lab_to_srgb_hex(const LabColor& lab)
+{
+    constexpr double Xn = 0.95047, Yn = 1.0, Zn = 1.08883;
+
+    auto f_inv = [](double t) -> double {
+        constexpr double eps   = 216.0 / 24389.0;
+        constexpr double kappa = 24389.0 / 27.0;
+        const double t3 = t * t * t;
+        return t3 > eps ? t3 : (t * 116.0 - 16.0) / kappa;
+    };
+
+    const double fy = (lab.l + 16.0) / 116.0;
+    const double fx = lab.a / 500.0 + fy;
+    const double fz = fy - lab.b / 200.0;
+
+    const double X = Xn * f_inv(fx);
+    const double Y = Yn * f_inv(fy);
+    const double Z = Zn * f_inv(fz);
+
+    double r =  3.2406 * X - 1.5372 * Y - 0.4986 * Z;
+    double g = -0.9689 * X + 1.8758 * Y + 0.0415 * Z;
+    double b =  0.0557 * X - 0.2040 * Y + 1.0570 * Z;
+
+    auto gamma = [](double c) -> double {
+        c = std::max(0.0, std::min(1.0, c));
+        return c <= 0.0031308 ? 12.92 * c : 1.055 * std::pow(c, 1.0 / 2.4) - 0.055;
+    };
+    auto u8 = [&](double c) -> int {
+        return std::max(0, std::min(255, static_cast<int>(std::lround(gamma(c) * 255.0))));
+    };
+
+    char buf[8];
+    std::snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "#%02X%02X%02X", u8(r), u8(g), u8(b));
+    return std::string(buf);
+}
+
 static double delta_e76(const LabColor& a, const LabColor& b)
 {
     return std::sqrt(std::pow(a.l - b.l, 2.0) + std::pow(a.a - b.a, 2.0) + std::pow(a.b - b.b, 2.0));
@@ -224,6 +260,29 @@ ColorDecomposeRecipeResult recommend_from_physical_filaments(
         if (preferred_material_type.empty() || material_matches(filament.type, preferred_material_type))
             candidates.push_back(filament);
     }
+
+    // Early exit: if a material-matched candidate has the exact target color,
+    // return it as 100%. Downstream rejects single-component results (no mixed
+    // slot created), which is correct -- the color already exists.
+    const std::string target_hex = color_decompose_rgb_to_hex(target);
+    for (const auto& cand : candidates) {
+        ColorDecomposeRgb cand_rgb;
+        if (!color_decompose_hex_to_rgb(cand.color_hex, cand_rgb))
+            continue;
+        if (color_decompose_rgb_to_hex(cand_rgb) == target_hex) {
+            ColorDecomposeRecipeResult exact;
+            exact.valid = true;
+            exact.mode = ColorDecomposeRecipeMode::MaterialList;
+            exact.matched_color_hex = cand.color_hex;
+            ColorDecomposeRecipeComponent comp;
+            comp.color_hex = cand.color_hex;
+            comp.ratio = 100;
+            comp.filament_index = cand.filament_index;
+            exact.components.push_back(comp);
+            return exact;
+        }
+    }
+
     if (candidates.size() < 2)
         candidates = physical_filaments;
     candidates.erase(std::remove_if(candidates.begin(), candidates.end(), [](const auto& filament) {
@@ -328,34 +387,144 @@ std::string lookup_measured_blend_color(const std::vector<std::string>& componen
         return std::string(buf);
     };
 
-    std::vector<std::string> norm_hexes;
-    norm_hexes.reserve(component_hexes.size());
-    for (const auto& h : component_hexes) {
-        std::string n = normalize_hex(h);
-        if (n.empty())
+    // Stage 1: canonicalize input by sorting (hex, ratio) pairs so matching
+    // is independent of the caller's component order.
+    const size_t n = component_hexes.size();
+    std::vector<std::pair<std::string, int>> in_pairs;
+    in_pairs.reserve(n);
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
+        std::string nh = normalize_hex(component_hexes[i]);
+        if (nh.empty())
             return {};
-        norm_hexes.push_back(std::move(n));
+        in_pairs.emplace_back(std::move(nh), ratios[i]);
     }
+    std::sort(in_pairs.begin(), in_pairs.end());
+
+    std::vector<std::string> in_hexes;
+    std::vector<int> in_ratios;
+    in_hexes.reserve(n);
+    in_ratios.reserve(n);
+    for (const auto& p : in_pairs) {
+        in_hexes.push_back(p.first);
+        in_ratios.push_back(p.second);
+    }
+
+    // Normalize ratios to sum=100 (callers may pass arbitrary weights,
+    // e.g. MixedFilamentDialog uses ratio*10000).
+    {
+        int sum = 0;
+        for (int r : in_ratios) sum += r;
+        if (sum > 0 && sum != 100) {
+            int new_sum = 0;
+            for (size_t i = 0; i < in_ratios.size(); ++i) {
+                in_ratios[i] = static_cast<int>(std::lround(
+                    static_cast<double>(in_ratios[i]) * 100.0 / static_cast<double>(sum)));
+                new_sum += in_ratios[i];
+            }
+            if (new_sum != 100) {
+                auto it = std::max_element(in_ratios.begin(), in_ratios.end());
+                *it += (100 - new_sum);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Fall back to polynomial model for ratios outside the measured range.
+    {
+        bool out_of_range = false;
+        if (n == 2) {
+            for (int r : in_ratios)
+                if (r < 20 || r > 80) { out_of_range = true; break; }
+        } else {
+            for (int r : in_ratios)
+                if (r < 20) { out_of_range = true; break; }
+        }
+        if (out_of_range)
+            return {};
+    }
+
+    // Stage 2: collect anchors with the same component hex set; try exact match.
+    struct Anchor {
+        std::vector<int> ratios;
+        LabColor         lab;
+        std::string      hex;
+    };
+    std::vector<Anchor> anchors;
 
     for (const StandardRecipeEntry& entry : standard_entries()) {
         if (entry.source != "measured" && entry.source != "interpolated")
             continue;
-        if (entry.component_hexes.size() != norm_hexes.size())
-            continue;
-        if (entry.ratios != ratios)
+        if (entry.component_hexes.size() != n)
             continue;
 
-        bool match = true;
-        for (size_t i = 0; i < norm_hexes.size(); ++i) {
-            if (normalize_hex(entry.component_hexes[i]) != norm_hexes[i]) {
-                match = false;
-                break;
-            }
-        }
-        if (match)
-            return entry.measured_hex;
+        std::vector<std::pair<std::string, int>> e_pairs;
+        e_pairs.reserve(n);
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < n; ++i)
+            e_pairs.emplace_back(normalize_hex(entry.component_hexes[i]), entry.ratios[i]);
+        std::sort(e_pairs.begin(), e_pairs.end());
+
+        bool same_set = true;
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < n; ++i)
+            if (e_pairs[i].first != in_hexes[i]) { same_set = false; break; }
+        if (!same_set)
+            continue;
+
+        Anchor a;
+        a.ratios.reserve(n);
+        for (const auto& p : e_pairs) a.ratios.push_back(p.second);
+        a.lab = entry.measured_lab;
+        a.hex = entry.measured_hex;
+
+        if (a.ratios == in_ratios)
+            return a.hex;
+
+        anchors.push_back(std::move(a));
     }
-    return {};
+
+    if (anchors.size() < 2)
+        return {};
+
+    // Stage 3: interpolation in Lab space.
+    if (n == 2) {
+        // 1D linear interpolation along ratio[0].
+        std::sort(anchors.begin(), anchors.end(),
+                  [](const Anchor& a, const Anchor& b) { return a.ratios[0] < b.ratios[0]; });
+        const double x = static_cast<double>(in_ratios[0]);
+        size_t lo = 0;
+        while (lo + 2 < anchors.size() && static_cast<double>(anchors[lo + 1].ratios[0]) <= x)
+            ++lo;
+        const Anchor& a0 = anchors[lo];
+        const Anchor& a1 = anchors[lo + 1];
+        const double span = static_cast<double>(a1.ratios[0] - a0.ratios[0]);
+        const double t = span > 0.0 ? (x - static_cast<double>(a0.ratios[0])) / span : 0.0;
+        return lab_to_srgb_hex({a0.lab.l + t * (a1.lab.l - a0.lab.l),
+                                a0.lab.a + t * (a1.lab.a - a0.lab.a),
+                                a0.lab.b + t * (a1.lab.b - a0.lab.b)});
+    }
+
+    // 3+ color: IDW (p=2) with 3 nearest anchors in the (ratio[0], ratio[1]) plane.
+    const double ra = static_cast<double>(in_ratios[0]);
+    const double rb = static_cast<double>(in_ratios[1]);
+    std::vector<std::pair<double, const Anchor*>> dists;
+    dists.reserve(anchors.size());
+    for (const Anchor& a : anchors) {
+        const double d = std::sqrt(std::pow(ra - static_cast<double>(a.ratios[0]), 2.0) +
+                                   std::pow(rb - static_cast<double>(a.ratios[1]), 2.0));
+        if (d == 0.0)
+            return a.hex;
+        dists.emplace_back(d, &a);
+    }
+    const size_t k = std::min(static_cast<size_t>(3), dists.size());
+    std::partial_sort(dists.begin(), dists.begin() + k, dists.end(),
+                      [](const auto& a, const auto& b) { return a.first < b.first; });
+    double num_l = 0.0, num_a = 0.0, num_b = 0.0, den = 0.0;
+    for (size_t j = 0; j < k; ++j) {
+        const double w = 1.0 / (dists[j].first * dists[j].first);
+        num_l += w * dists[j].second->lab.l;
+        num_a += w * dists[j].second->lab.a;
+        num_b += w * dists[j].second->lab.b;
+        den += w;
+    }
+    return lab_to_srgb_hex({num_l / den, num_a / den, num_b / den});
 }
 
 } // namespace Slic3r
diff --git a/src/slic3r/GUI/ColorDecomposeDialog.cpp b/src/slic3r/GUI/ColorDecomposeDialog.cpp
index 3877d71e10..3c2fbe4e45 100644
--- a/src/slic3r/GUI/ColorDecomposeDialog.cpp
+++ b/src/slic3r/GUI/ColorDecomposeDialog.cpp
@@ -652,7 +652,6 @@ void ColorDecomposeDialog::update_filament_limit_warning()
             m_limit_warning_panel->Hide();
             Layout();
             Fit();
-            CenterOnParent();
         }
         return;
     }
@@ -678,12 +677,11 @@ void ColorDecomposeDialog::update_filament_limit_warning()
         m_limit_warning_text->Wrap(avail);
 
     Layout();
-    // Only resize/recenter when the warning panel actually toggled from hidden
-    // to shown. While already visible, switching modes must not re-Fit/recenter
-    // the dialog, which would make it jump on every card switch.
+    // Only resize when the warning panel actually toggled from hidden to shown.
+    // While already visible, switching modes must not re-Fit the dialog, which
+    // would make it jump on every card switch. Fit keeps the user-moved position.
     if (!was_shown) {
         Fit();
-        CenterOnParent();
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/src/slic3r/GUI/Plater.cpp b/src/slic3r/GUI/Plater.cpp
index 2fc8ca482d..9a6b52016f 100644
--- a/src/slic3r/GUI/Plater.cpp
+++ b/src/slic3r/GUI/Plater.cpp
@@ -4544,7 +4544,13 @@ void Sidebar::collect_physical_filament_info(std::vector<std::string>& color_str
         Preset* preset = nullptr;
         if (cfg_idx < preset_bundle.filament_presets.size())
             preset = preset_bundle.filaments.find_preset(preset_bundle.filament_presets[cfg_idx]);
-        types.push_back(filament_type_for_color_decompose(preset));
+        std::string ft;
+        if (preset) {
+            std::string display_type;
+            ft = preset->config.get_filament_type(display_type);
+        }
+        if (ft.empty()) ft = "PLA";
+        types.push_back(ft);
     }
 }
 
@@ -4905,6 +4911,21 @@ void Sidebar::decompose_filament_color(int filament_idx)
     std::vector<std::string> color_strs, names, types;
     std::vector<size_t> physical_config_indices;
     collect_physical_filament_info(color_strs, names, types, &physical_config_indices);
+
+    // Build decompose-specific types: ColorDecomposeDialog needs "PLA Basic"
+    // distinction (for CMYW/RYBW card visibility), while collect_physical_filament_info
+    // now returns coarse filament_type (e.g. "PLA" for all PLA variants).
+    std::vector<std::string> decompose_types;
+    {
+        auto& pb = *wxGetApp().preset_bundle;
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < physical_config_indices.size(); ++i) {
+            const size_t ci = physical_config_indices[i];
+            Preset* pr = (ci < pb.filament_presets.size())
+                ? pb.filaments.find_preset(pb.filament_presets[ci]) : nullptr;
+            decompose_types.push_back(filament_type_for_color_decompose(pr));
+        }
+    }
+
     size_t source_physical_idx = size_t(-1);
     for (size_t i = 0; i < physical_config_indices.size(); ++i) {
         if (physical_config_indices[i] == static_cast<size_t>(filament_idx)) {
@@ -4915,7 +4936,7 @@ void Sidebar::decompose_filament_color(int filament_idx)
 
     ColorDecomposeDialog dlg(this,
                              source_physical_idx == size_t(-1) ? -1 : static_cast<int>(source_physical_idx),
-                             target_color, color_strs, names, types,
+                             target_color, color_strs, names, decompose_types,
                              wxGetApp().preset_bundle->filament_presets.size(),
                              static_cast<size_t>(EnforcerBlockerType::ExtruderMax),
                              physical_config_indices);
@@ -4925,7 +4946,7 @@ void Sidebar::decompose_filament_color(int filament_idx)
         MixedFilamentResult mixed_result;
         std::vector<DecomposeMissingComponent> missing_components;
         if (!prepare_decompose_mixed_result(dialog_result, static_cast<size_t>(filament_idx), source_physical_idx,
-                                            color_strs, types, physical_config_indices, mixed_result, missing_components))
+                                            color_strs, decompose_types, physical_config_indices, mixed_result, missing_components))
             return;
 
         if (!confirm_create_decompose_missing_components(this, missing_components))

From b1e3cdc666b19948d64dc66e9ff9aa834a10ce9f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: SoftFever <softfeverever@gmail.com>
Date: Sat, 22 Aug 2026 13:15:09 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 15/51] Port colored OBJ import pipeline from BambuStudio

---
 src/libslic3r/Format/objparser.cpp            | 112 ++-
 src/libslic3r/Model.cpp                       |  68 +-
 src/libslic3r/TexturePainting.cpp             |  63 ++
 src/libslic3r/TexturePainting.hpp             |  22 +
 .../TextureToColor/TextureToColor.cpp         | 757 ++++++++++++------
 .../TextureToColor/TextureToColor.hpp         |  38 +
 src/slic3r/GUI/Plater.cpp                     |   3 +
 src/slic3r/GUI/TextureImportDialog.cpp        | 119 ++-
 src/slic3r/GUI/TextureImportDialog.hpp        |   8 +
 9 files changed, 893 insertions(+), 297 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/libslic3r/Format/objparser.cpp b/src/libslic3r/Format/objparser.cpp
index 6ee117adc9..886fa423bd 100644
--- a/src/libslic3r/Format/objparser.cpp
+++ b/src/libslic3r/Format/objparser.cpp
@@ -262,12 +262,9 @@ static bool obj_parseline(const char *line, ObjData &data)
 				}
                 face_index_count++;
             }
-            if (face_index_count == 3) {//tri
-                data.usemtls.back().face_end++;
-			} else if (face_index_count == 4) {//quad
-                data.usemtls.back().face_end++;
-                data.usemtls.back().face_end++;
-			}
+            if (face_index_count >= 3) {
+                data.usemtls.back().face_end += face_index_count - 2;
+            }
         }
 		vertex.coordIdx			= -1;
 		vertex.normalIdx		= -1;
@@ -374,6 +371,107 @@ static bool obj_parseline(const char *line, ObjData &data)
 	return true;
 }
 static std::string cur_mtl_name = "";
+static bool mtl_is_space(char c)
+{
+    return c == ' ' || c == '\t' || c == '\r';
+}
+
+static const char* mtl_skip_ws(const char *line)
+{
+    while (mtl_is_space(*line))
+        ++line;
+    return line;
+}
+
+static const char* mtl_skip_token(const char *line)
+{
+    while (*line != 0 && !mtl_is_space(*line))
+        ++line;
+    return line;
+}
+
+static bool mtl_token_equals(const char *begin, const char *end, const char *token)
+{
+    const size_t len = static_cast<size_t>(end - begin);
+    return strlen(token) == len && strncmp(begin, token, len) == 0;
+}
+
+static std::string mtl_trim_value(const char *line)
+{
+    const char *begin = mtl_skip_ws(line);
+    const char *end   = begin + strlen(begin);
+    while (end > begin && mtl_is_space(*(end - 1)))
+        --end;
+    return std::string(begin, end);
+}
+
+static bool mtl_skip_numeric_token(const char *&line)
+{
+    const char *begin = mtl_skip_ws(line);
+    if (*begin == 0)
+        return false;
+    char *endptr = 0;
+    strtod(begin, &endptr);
+    if (endptr == begin || (!mtl_is_space(*endptr) && *endptr != 0))
+        return false;
+    line = mtl_skip_ws(endptr);
+    return true;
+}
+
+static bool mtl_skip_required_tokens(const char *&line, int count)
+{
+    for (int i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
+        line = mtl_skip_ws(line);
+        if (*line == 0)
+            return false;
+        line = mtl_skip_token(line);
+    }
+    line = mtl_skip_ws(line);
+    return true;
+}
+
+static std::string mtl_parse_texture_name(const char *line)
+{
+    const char *original = mtl_skip_ws(line);
+    const char *current  = original;
+
+    while (*current == '-') {
+        const char *option_begin = current;
+        const char *option_end   = mtl_skip_token(current);
+        current = option_end;
+
+        if (mtl_token_equals(option_begin, option_end, "-o") ||
+            mtl_token_equals(option_begin, option_end, "-s") ||
+            mtl_token_equals(option_begin, option_end, "-t")) {
+            int skipped = 0;
+            while (skipped < 3 && mtl_skip_numeric_token(current))
+                ++skipped;
+            if (skipped == 0)
+                return mtl_trim_value(original);
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        int option_args = -1;
+        if (mtl_token_equals(option_begin, option_end, "-mm"))
+            option_args = 2;
+        else if (mtl_token_equals(option_begin, option_end, "-bm") ||
+                 mtl_token_equals(option_begin, option_end, "-boost") ||
+                 mtl_token_equals(option_begin, option_end, "-texres") ||
+                 mtl_token_equals(option_begin, option_end, "-clamp") ||
+                 mtl_token_equals(option_begin, option_end, "-blendu") ||
+                 mtl_token_equals(option_begin, option_end, "-blendv") ||
+                 mtl_token_equals(option_begin, option_end, "-cc") ||
+                 mtl_token_equals(option_begin, option_end, "-imfchan") ||
+                 mtl_token_equals(option_begin, option_end, "-type"))
+            option_args = 1;
+
+        if (option_args < 0 || !mtl_skip_required_tokens(current, option_args))
+            return mtl_trim_value(original);
+    }
+
+    return mtl_trim_value(current);
+}
+
 static bool        mtl_parseline(const char *line, MtlData &data)
 {
     if (*line == 0) return true;
@@ -401,7 +499,7 @@ static bool        mtl_parseline(const char *line, MtlData &data)
             if (*(line++) != 'a' || *(line++) != 'p' || *(line++) != '_' || *(line++) != 'K' || *(line++) != 'd') return false;
             EATWS();
             if (data.new_mtl_unmap.find(cur_mtl_name) != data.new_mtl_unmap.end()) {
-				data.new_mtl_unmap[cur_mtl_name]->map_Kd = line;
+				data.new_mtl_unmap[cur_mtl_name]->map_Kd = mtl_parse_texture_name(line);
 			}
             break;
         }
diff --git a/src/libslic3r/Model.cpp b/src/libslic3r/Model.cpp
index c9322eff3c..81e5990d36 100644
--- a/src/libslic3r/Model.cpp
+++ b/src/libslic3r/Model.cpp
@@ -320,31 +320,55 @@ Model Model::read_from_file(const std::string&
                 model.texture_mesh = tex_mesh;
             }
         }
-        else if (result){
-            ObjDialogInOut in_out;
-            in_out.model = &model;
-            in_out.lost_material_name = obj_info.lost_material_name;
+        else if (result && !model.objects.empty() && !model.objects.back()->volumes.empty()) {
+            // Vertex-colour and MTL face-colour OBJs also go through the texture-to-color
+            // importer (as precomputed per-face colors) instead of the legacy flat
+            // per-face colour dialog, matching the uv_png branch above.
+            auto build_tex_mesh_geometry = [&]() {
+                auto tex_mesh = std::make_shared<TexturedMesh>();
+                const auto& its = model.objects.back()->volumes[0]->mesh().its;
+                tex_mesh->vertices.resize(its.vertices.size());
+                for (size_t i = 0; i < its.vertices.size(); ++i)
+                    tex_mesh->vertices[i] = {its.vertices[i].x(), its.vertices[i].y(), its.vertices[i].z()};
+                tex_mesh->indices.resize(its.indices.size());
+                for (size_t i = 0; i < its.indices.size(); ++i)
+                    tex_mesh->indices[i] = {its.indices[i][0], its.indices[i][1], its.indices[i][2]};
+                return tex_mesh;
+            };
             if (obj_info.vertex_colors.size() > 0) {
-                if (objFn) { // 1.result is ok and pop up a dialog
-                    in_out.input_colors      = std::move(obj_info.vertex_colors);
-                    in_out.is_single_color   = false;
-                    in_out.deal_vertex_color = true;
-                    objFn(in_out);
+                auto tex_mesh = build_tex_mesh_geometry();
+                const auto& its = model.objects.back()->volumes[0]->mesh().its;
+                tex_mesh->precomputed_face_colors.resize(its.indices.size());
+                for (size_t i = 0; i < its.indices.size(); ++i) {
+                    const auto& f = its.indices[i];
+                    auto avg = [&](int ch) -> std::size_t {
+                        float v = (obj_info.vertex_colors[f[0]][ch]
+                                 + obj_info.vertex_colors[f[1]][ch]
+                                 + obj_info.vertex_colors[f[2]][ch]) / 3.0f * 255.0f;
+                        return (std::size_t) std::clamp(v, 0.0f, 255.0f);
+                    };
+                    tex_mesh->precomputed_face_colors[i] = {avg(0), avg(1), avg(2)};
                 }
-            } else if (obj_info.face_colors.size() > 0 && obj_info.has_uv_png == false) { // mtl file
-                if (objFn) { // 1.result is ok and pop up a dialog
-                    in_out.input_colors      = std::move(obj_info.face_colors);
-                    in_out.is_single_color   = obj_info.is_single_mtl;
-                    in_out.deal_vertex_color = false;
-                    objFn(in_out);
+                tex_mesh->precomputed_vertex_colors = obj_info.vertex_colors;
+                model.texture_mesh = tex_mesh;
+            } else if (obj_info.face_colors.size() > 0 && obj_info.has_uv_png == false) {
+                auto tex_mesh = build_tex_mesh_geometry();
+                const size_t nf = tex_mesh->indices.size();
+                tex_mesh->precomputed_face_colors.resize(nf);
+                for (size_t i = 0; i < nf; ++i) {
+                    if (i < obj_info.face_colors.size()) {
+                        const auto& c = obj_info.face_colors[i];
+                        tex_mesh->precomputed_face_colors[i] = {
+                            (std::size_t) std::clamp(c[0] * 255.0f, 0.0f, 255.0f),
+                            (std::size_t) std::clamp(c[1] * 255.0f, 0.0f, 255.0f),
+                            (std::size_t) std::clamp(c[2] * 255.0f, 0.0f, 255.0f)
+                        };
+                    } else {
+                        tex_mesh->precomputed_face_colors[i] = {128, 128, 128};
+                    }
                 }
-            } /*else if (obj_info.has_uv_png && obj_info.uvs.size() > 0) {
-                boost::filesystem::path full_path(input_file);
-                std::string             obj_directory = full_path.parent_path().string();
-                obj_info.obj_dircetory = obj_directory;
-                result = false;
-                message = _L("Importing obj with png function is developing.");
-            }*/
+                model.texture_mesh = tex_mesh;
+            }
         }
     }
     else if (boost::algorithm::iends_with(input_file, ".glb") ||
diff --git a/src/libslic3r/TexturePainting.cpp b/src/libslic3r/TexturePainting.cpp
index 187f218863..9f83f282cd 100644
--- a/src/libslic3r/TexturePainting.cpp
+++ b/src/libslic3r/TexturePainting.cpp
@@ -353,6 +353,69 @@ bool texture_to_painting(
     return true;
 }
 
+bool face_colors_to_painting(
+    const TexturedMesh& mesh,
+    PaintedMesh& painted,
+    const TexturePaintingSettings& settings,
+    PaintProgressCallback progress,
+    PaintCancelCallback cancel)
+{
+    if (mesh.vertices.empty() || mesh.indices.empty() || mesh.precomputed_face_colors.empty())
+        return false;
+
+    // Build tex2color::TriMesh from input geometry
+    tex2color::TriMesh input_mesh;
+    input_mesh.vertices.resize(mesh.vertices.size());
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < mesh.vertices.size(); ++i)
+        input_mesh.vertices[i] = Vec3f(mesh.vertices[i][0], mesh.vertices[i][1], mesh.vertices[i][2]);
+    input_mesh.indices.resize(mesh.indices.size());
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < mesh.indices.size(); ++i)
+        input_mesh.indices[i] = Vec3i32(mesh.indices[i][0], mesh.indices[i][1], mesh.indices[i][2]);
+
+    // Forward settings to tex2color
+    tex2color::TextureToColorSettings algo_settings;
+    algo_settings.target_colors_num = settings.target_colors_num;
+    algo_settings.smooth_weight     = settings.smooth_weight;
+    switch (settings.mesh_repair_decision) {
+    case TexturePaintingSettings::MeshRepairDecision::Ask:
+        algo_settings.mesh_repair_decision = tex2color::MeshRepairDecision::Ask;
+        break;
+    case TexturePaintingSettings::MeshRepairDecision::RepairAndImport:
+        algo_settings.mesh_repair_decision = tex2color::MeshRepairDecision::RepairAndImport;
+        break;
+    case TexturePaintingSettings::MeshRepairDecision::ImportWithoutRepair:
+    default:
+        algo_settings.mesh_repair_decision = tex2color::MeshRepairDecision::ImportWithoutRepair;
+        break;
+    }
+    algo_settings.mesh_repair_decision_required = settings.mesh_repair_decision_required;
+    algo_settings.mesh_repair_callback = settings.mesh_repair_callback;
+
+    tex2color::AlgoProgressCallback algo_progress = nullptr;
+    if (progress) {
+        algo_progress = [&progress](tex2color::AlgoProgress p) {
+            progress(p.percent, p.message);
+        };
+    }
+    tex2color::AlgoCancelCallback algo_cancel = nullptr;
+    if (cancel) {
+        algo_cancel = [&cancel]() -> bool { return cancel(); };
+    }
+
+    tex2color::TriMesh out_mesh;
+    std::vector<std::array<std::size_t,3>> out_face_colors;
+    bool ok = tex2color::ClusterAndSmooth(
+        input_mesh, mesh.precomputed_face_colors, out_mesh, out_face_colors,
+        algo_settings, algo_progress, algo_cancel,
+        mesh.precomputed_vertex_colors);
+
+    if (!ok)
+        return false;
+
+    extract_painted_mesh(out_mesh, out_face_colors, painted);
+    return true;
+}
+
 double compute_delta_e(
     const std::array<std::size_t,3>& rgb1,
     const std::array<float,4>& rgba2)
diff --git a/src/libslic3r/TexturePainting.hpp b/src/libslic3r/TexturePainting.hpp
index ac98e968c7..fc4688620b 100644
--- a/src/libslic3r/TexturePainting.hpp
+++ b/src/libslic3r/TexturePainting.hpp
@@ -38,6 +38,18 @@ struct TexturedMesh {
     std::vector<std::array<int,3>>    uv_indices;   // per-face UV indices into uv_coords
 
     bool has_face_uvs() const { return !uv_indices.empty() && !uv_coords.empty(); }
+
+    // Pre-computed per-face colors (e.g. from OBJ vertex colors or MTL Kd).
+    // When non-empty, the pipeline skips texture decode/sample/oversample and
+    // consumes these instead of sampling a texture.
+    // Each entry is {R, G, B} in [0..255].
+    std::vector<std::array<std::size_t,3>> precomputed_face_colors;
+
+    // Per-vertex colors from OBJ (RGBA, [0..1]), indexed by vertex index.
+    // On a low-poly mesh these are quantized into a small palette and the mesh is
+    // split along the resulting cluster boundaries, so color borders stay sharp
+    // instead of being averaged away into a single color per face.
+    std::vector<std::array<float,4>> precomputed_vertex_colors;
 };
 
 struct PaintedMesh {
@@ -83,6 +95,16 @@ bool texture_to_painting(
     const TexturePaintingSettings& settings = {},
     PaintProgressCallback progress = nullptr,
     PaintCancelCallback cancel = nullptr);
+// Turn pre-computed per-face colors into a painted mesh, skipping texture decode
+// and UV sampling. A low-poly mesh that also carries precomputed_vertex_colors is
+// split along quantized color boundaries, which replaces its geometry.
+bool face_colors_to_painting(
+    const TexturedMesh& mesh,
+    PaintedMesh& painted,
+    const TexturePaintingSettings& settings = {},
+    PaintProgressCallback progress = nullptr,
+    PaintCancelCallback cancel = nullptr);
+
 
 std::vector<FilamentMatch> match_clusters_to_filaments(
     const std::vector<std::array<std::size_t,3>>& cluster_colors,
diff --git a/src/libslic3r/TextureToColor/TextureToColor.cpp b/src/libslic3r/TextureToColor/TextureToColor.cpp
index e3afc63cd9..bcdc985fc9 100644
--- a/src/libslic3r/TextureToColor/TextureToColor.cpp
+++ b/src/libslic3r/TextureToColor/TextureToColor.cpp
@@ -7,7 +7,6 @@
 #include <cmath>
 #include <cstdint>
 #include <functional>
-#include <set>
 
 #include <boost/next_prior.hpp>
 #include "CgalUtils.hpp"
@@ -379,6 +378,413 @@ static bool linear_subdivision(TriMesh& mesh, std::vector<FaceUVArray>& uv_coord
     return true;
 }
 
+using VertexColor = std::array<float, 4>;
+
+// Quantize continuous per-vertex colors into a small palette of cluster centers.
+// The legacy OBJ vertex-color import consumed discrete filament ids, so split
+// decisions could be made by comparing integers. Quantizing up front restores
+// that property for the adaptive splitter below.
+static bool quantize_vertex_colors(
+    const std::vector<VertexColor>& vertex_colors,
+    const TextureToColorSettings& settings,
+    AlgoCancelCallback cancel_callback,
+    std::vector<RGB>& out_centers,
+    std::vector<std::size_t>& out_vertex_cluster_ids)
+{
+    out_centers.clear();
+    out_vertex_cluster_ids.clear();
+    if (vertex_colors.empty())
+        return false;
+
+    std::vector<RGB> vertex_rgb(vertex_colors.size());
+    for (std::size_t i = 0; i < vertex_colors.size(); ++i) {
+        for (int c = 0; c < 3; ++c) {
+            float v = std::clamp(vertex_colors[i][c] * 255.0f, 0.0f, 255.0f);
+            vertex_rgb[i][c] = static_cast<std::size_t>(v);
+        }
+    }
+
+    ClusterParameters para;
+    para.cancel_callback = cancel_callback ? [&]() { return cancel_callback(); } : std::function<bool()>{};
+    if (settings.target_colors_num == 0) {
+        para.max_color_distance = settings.max_color_distance;
+        para.max_cluster_k      = settings.max_cluster_k;
+        out_centers = cluster_adaptive(vertex_rgb, para);
+    } else {
+        para.cluster_k = settings.target_colors_num;
+        out_centers = cluster_k_means(vertex_rgb, para);
+    }
+    if (out_centers.empty()) {
+        BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(debug) << "quantize_vertex_colors: no cluster center generated.";
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    out_vertex_cluster_ids.resize(vertex_rgb.size());
+    for (std::size_t i = 0; i < vertex_rgb.size(); ++i) {
+        std::size_t nearest_id = 0;
+        if (!calc_nearest_color_id(out_centers, vertex_rgb[i], nearest_id))
+            nearest_id = 0;
+        out_vertex_cluster_ids[i] = nearest_id;
+    }
+    BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(debug) << "quantize_vertex_colors: quantized " << vertex_rgb.size()
+                             << " vertex colors into " << out_centers.size() << " clusters.";
+    return true;
+}
+
+// Single-level adaptive subdivision driven by per-vertex cluster ids.
+//
+// Reproduces the split topology that the legacy OBJ vertex-color import encoded
+// into mmu_segmentation_facets (TriangleSelector::perform_split cases 1/2/3), but
+// materializes it as real geometry. An edge is split at its midpoint if and only
+// if its two endpoints belong to different clusters. Because that predicate reads
+// only the shared endpoints, adjacent faces always reach the same conclusion and
+// no T-junctions can appear.
+static bool adaptive_split_by_vertex_clusters(
+    TriMesh& mesh,
+    const std::vector<std::size_t>& vertex_cluster_ids,
+    const std::vector<RGB>& cluster_centers,
+    std::vector<RGB>& out_face_colors)
+{
+    const TriVertices original_vertices = mesh.vertices;
+    const TriFaces    original_faces    = mesh.indices;
+    if (original_vertices.empty() || original_faces.empty() || cluster_centers.empty())
+        return false;
+    if (vertex_cluster_ids.size() != original_vertices.size()) {
+        BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(warning) << "adaptive_split_by_vertex_clusters: cluster id count ("
+                                   << vertex_cluster_ids.size() << ") != vertex count ("
+                                   << original_vertices.size() << ").";
+        return false;
+    }
+    if (original_vertices.size() >= (1ULL << 32)) [[unlikely]] {
+        BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(warning) << "adaptive_split_by_vertex_clusters: vertex_count="
+                                   << original_vertices.size() << " exceeds 32-bit edge_key range.";
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    TriVertices out_vertices = original_vertices;
+    TriFaces    out_faces;
+    out_faces.reserve(original_faces.size() * 5);
+    out_face_colors.clear();
+    out_face_colors.reserve(original_faces.size() * 5);
+
+    auto edge_key = [](std::size_t a, std::size_t b) -> uint64_t {
+        return a < b ? ((static_cast<uint64_t>(a) << 32) | b)
+                     : ((static_cast<uint64_t>(b) << 32) | a);
+    };
+    std::unordered_map<uint64_t, std::size_t> edge_to_mid;
+    edge_to_mid.reserve(original_faces.size() * 3 / 2);
+
+    // Midpoints on shared edges must be deduplicated so that neighbouring faces
+    // reference the same vertex instead of coincident duplicates.
+    auto midpoint_of_edge = [&](std::size_t a, std::size_t b) -> std::size_t {
+        const uint64_t key = edge_key(a, b);
+        auto it = edge_to_mid.find(key);
+        if (it != edge_to_mid.end())
+            return it->second;
+        const std::size_t idx = out_vertices.size();
+        out_vertices.push_back((original_vertices[a] + original_vertices[b]) * 0.5f);
+        edge_to_mid.emplace(key, idx);
+        return idx;
+    };
+    // Points strictly inside an original face are never shared, so they skip the map.
+    // The midpoint is computed before push_back so a reallocation cannot dangle it.
+    auto append_interior_midpoint = [&](std::size_t a, std::size_t b) -> std::size_t {
+        const TriVertex mid = (out_vertices[a] + out_vertices[b]) * 0.5f;
+        const std::size_t idx = out_vertices.size();
+        out_vertices.push_back(mid);
+        return idx;
+    };
+    auto emit = [&](std::size_t a, std::size_t b, std::size_t c, std::size_t cluster_id) {
+        out_faces.push_back(Vec3i32(static_cast<int>(a), static_cast<int>(b), static_cast<int>(c)));
+        out_face_colors.push_back(cluster_centers[cluster_id]);
+    };
+
+    for (const auto& f : original_faces) {
+        const std::size_t v[3] = {static_cast<std::size_t>(f[0]), static_cast<std::size_t>(f[1]), static_cast<std::size_t>(f[2])};
+        const std::size_t c[3] = {vertex_cluster_ids[v[0]], vertex_cluster_ids[v[1]], vertex_cluster_ids[v[2]]};
+
+        // Case A: uniform cluster, keep the face untouched.
+        if (c[0] == c[1] && c[1] == c[2]) {
+            emit(v[0], v[1], v[2], c[0]);
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        // Case B: two vertices share a cluster and the third is isolated. Split the
+        // two edges incident to the isolated vertex, which are exactly the
+        // cross-cluster ones; the opposite edge stays intact.
+        int iso = -1;
+        if (c[1] == c[2])      iso = 0;
+        else if (c[2] == c[0]) iso = 1;
+        else if (c[0] == c[1]) iso = 2;
+        if (iso >= 0) {
+            const int i = iso, j = (iso + 1) % 3, k = (iso + 2) % 3;
+            const std::size_t m_ij = midpoint_of_edge(v[i], v[j]);
+            const std::size_t m_ki = midpoint_of_edge(v[k], v[i]);
+            emit(v[i], m_ij, m_ki, c[i]);
+            emit(m_ij, v[j], m_ki, c[j]);
+            emit(v[j], v[k],  m_ki, c[j]);
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        // Case C: all three clusters differ. Split every edge, then cut the centre
+        // triangle once more. The centre is equidistant from all three clusters, so
+        // the legacy heuristic selects the cut by widest interior angle, which is
+        // the vertex opposite the longest edge.
+        const std::size_t m01 = midpoint_of_edge(v[0], v[1]);
+        const std::size_t m12 = midpoint_of_edge(v[1], v[2]);
+        const std::size_t m20 = midpoint_of_edge(v[2], v[0]);
+        emit(v[0], m01, m20, c[0]);
+        emit(m01, v[1], m12, c[1]);
+        emit(m12, v[2], m20, c[2]);
+
+        const TriVertex& p0 = original_vertices[v[0]];
+        const TriVertex& p1 = original_vertices[v[1]];
+        const TriVertex& p2 = original_vertices[v[2]];
+        const float sq_opposite_v0 = (p2 - p1).squaredNorm();
+        const float sq_opposite_v1 = (p0 - p2).squaredNorm();
+        const float sq_opposite_v2 = (p1 - p0).squaredNorm();
+        int   widest     = 0;
+        float widest_len = sq_opposite_v0;
+        if (sq_opposite_v1 > widest_len) { widest = 1; widest_len = sq_opposite_v1; }
+        if (sq_opposite_v2 > widest_len) { widest = 2; }
+
+        if (widest == 0) {
+            const std::size_t mc = append_interior_midpoint(m20, m01);
+            emit(m12, m20, mc,  c[1]);
+            emit(mc,  m01, m12, c[2]);
+        } else if (widest == 1) {
+            const std::size_t mc = append_interior_midpoint(m01, m12);
+            emit(m20, m01, mc,  c[0]);
+            emit(mc,  m12, m20, c[2]);
+        } else {
+            const std::size_t mc = append_interior_midpoint(m12, m20);
+            emit(m01, m12, mc,  c[1]);
+            emit(mc,  m20, m01, c[0]);
+        }
+    }
+
+    BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(info) << "adaptive_split_by_vertex_clusters: faces " << original_faces.size()
+                            << " -> " << out_faces.size() << ", vertices " << original_vertices.size()
+                            << " -> " << out_vertices.size();
+    mesh = TriMesh(out_faces, out_vertices);
+    return true;
+}
+
+// Shared pipeline: mesh repair -> color clustering -> label assignment -> smoothing.
+// Called by both TextureToColor (after UV sampling) and ClusterAndSmooth (after vertex-color oversample).
+// progress_callback reports 0~100 within this function; the caller maps it to its own global range.
+static bool repair_cluster_smooth(
+    TriMesh& mesh,
+    std::vector<RGB>& face_colors,
+    std::vector<RGB>& out_clustered_face_colors,
+    const TextureToColorSettings& settings,
+    AlgoProgressCallback progress_callback,
+    AlgoCancelCallback cancel_callback,
+    const char* log_prefix)
+{
+    auto report = [&](int pct, const char* msg) {
+        if (progress_callback)
+            progress_callback({pct, msg});
+    };
+    auto cancelled = [&]() -> bool {
+        if (cancel_callback && cancel_callback()) {
+            BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(debug) << log_prefix << " cancelled";
+            return true;
+        }
+        return false;
+    };
+
+    report(0, "Repairing mesh");
+    if (cancelled()) return false;
+
+    // Resample face colors onto a repaired mesh via centroid nearest-neighbor.
+    auto resample_face_colors = [&](TriMesh&& repaired_mesh) -> bool {
+        TriVertices old_vertices = std::move(mesh.vertices);
+        TriFaces    old_indices  = std::move(mesh.indices);
+        auto aabb_tree = AABBTreeIndirect::build_aabb_tree_over_indexed_triangle_set(old_vertices, old_indices);
+        mesh = std::move(repaired_mesh);
+
+        if (is_closed(mesh)) {
+            BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(debug) << log_prefix << ": repaired mesh is closed.";
+        } else {
+            BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(debug) << log_prefix << ": repaired mesh is open.";
+        }
+
+        std::vector<RGB> new_face_colors(mesh.facets_count());
+        tbb::parallel_for(tbb::blocked_range<std::size_t>(0, mesh.facets_count()), [&](const tbb::blocked_range<size_t>& range) {
+            for (std::size_t fid = range.begin(); fid < range.end(); ++fid) {
+                const auto& face = mesh.indices[fid];
+                Vec3f center = (mesh.vertices[face[0]] + mesh.vertices[face[1]] + mesh.vertices[face[2]]) / 3.0f;
+                size_t hit_idx = 0;
+                Vec3f  closest;
+                AABBTreeIndirect::squared_distance_to_indexed_triangle_set(
+                    old_vertices, old_indices, aabb_tree, center, hit_idx, closest);
+                new_face_colors[fid] = face_colors[hit_idx];
+            }
+        });
+        face_colors = std::move(new_face_colors);
+        return true;
+    };
+
+    auto repair_and_resample = [&]() -> bool {
+        std::shared_ptr<TriMesh> repaired_mesh;
+        if (!RepairMesh(mesh, repaired_mesh)) {
+            BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(debug) << log_prefix << ": RepairMesh failed.";
+            return false;
+        }
+        if (cancelled()) return false;
+        return resample_face_colors(std::move(*repaired_mesh));
+    };
+
+    {
+        TriangleMesh stats_mesh(static_cast<const indexed_triangle_set&>(mesh));
+        const auto& stats = stats_mesh.stats();
+        // Orca's TriangleMeshStats defines manifold() as open_edges == 0 and does not track
+        // non-manifold edges/vertices separately, so BBS's "!manifold() || has_open_edges()"
+        // collapses to this single test and the extra counters drop out of the log.
+        if (!stats.manifold()) {
+            BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(info) << log_prefix << ": mesh has non-manifold geometry or open boundaries, open_edges="
+                                    << stats.open_edges;
+            if (settings.mesh_repair_decision == MeshRepairDecision::Ask) {
+                if (settings.mesh_repair_decision_required)
+                    *settings.mesh_repair_decision_required = true;
+                return false;
+            }
+            if (settings.mesh_repair_decision == MeshRepairDecision::RepairAndImport) {
+                indexed_triangle_set repaired_its;
+                std::string repair_error;
+                bool repaired = settings.mesh_repair_callback && settings.mesh_repair_callback(
+                    static_cast<const indexed_triangle_set&>(mesh), repaired_its,
+                    [&](const char* message, unsigned /*percent*/) {
+                        report(5, message ? message : "Repairing mesh");
+                    },
+                    [&]() { return cancelled(); }, &repair_error);
+                if (repaired) {
+                    if (cancelled()) return false;
+                    BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(info) << log_prefix << ": Windows 3D mesh repair finished.";
+                    if (!resample_face_colors(TriMesh(std::move(repaired_its))))
+                        return false;
+                } else {
+                    BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(warning) << log_prefix << ": Windows 3D mesh repair failed: " << repair_error;
+                }
+            } else {
+                BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(info) << log_prefix << ": importing mesh without Windows 3D repair.";
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (!cgalutils::is_mesh_halfedge_compatible(mesh)) {
+        BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(info) << log_prefix << ": mesh not halfedge-compatible, attempting RepairMesh.";
+        if (!repair_and_resample())
+            return false;
+    }
+
+#ifdef OUTPUT_TEST_RESULT
+    SaveToOFF(std::string(log_prefix) + "_1_repair.off", mesh, face_colors);
+#endif
+
+    report(20, "Color clustering");
+    if (cancelled()) return false;
+
+    // Clustering
+    std::vector<RGB> cluster_centers;
+    out_clustered_face_colors = face_colors;
+    std::vector<std::size_t> clustered_face_labels(face_colors.size());
+    const bool adaptive_cluster = settings.target_colors_num == 0;
+
+    if (adaptive_cluster) {
+        BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(debug) << log_prefix << ": use cluster adaptive method.";
+        ClusterParameters para;
+        para.max_color_distance = settings.max_color_distance;
+        para.max_cluster_k = settings.max_cluster_k;
+        para.cancel_callback = cancel_callback ? [&]() { return cancel_callback(); } : std::function<bool()>{};
+        cluster_centers = cluster_adaptive(face_colors, para);
+        if (cancelled()) return false;
+    } else {
+        BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(debug) << log_prefix << ": use cluster k-means method.";
+        ClusterParameters para;
+        para.cluster_k = settings.target_colors_num;
+        para.cancel_callback = cancel_callback ? [&]() { return cancel_callback(); } : std::function<bool()>{};
+        cluster_centers = cluster_k_means(face_colors, para);
+        if (cancelled()) return false;
+    }
+
+    BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(debug) << log_prefix << ": k = " << cluster_centers.size() << ".";
+    if (cluster_centers.empty()) {
+        BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(debug) << log_prefix << ": no cluster center generated.";
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    report(40, "Assigning cluster labels");
+    if (cancelled()) return false;
+
+    // Assign each face to nearest cluster center
+    {
+        std::atomic<size_t> done{0};
+        std::atomic<bool> cancel_requested{false};
+        const size_t total = mesh.indices.size();
+        const size_t interval = std::max<size_t>(total / 20, 1);
+        tbb::parallel_for(tbb::blocked_range<std::size_t>(0, total), [&](const tbb::blocked_range<size_t>& range) {
+            for (std::size_t fid = range.begin(); fid < range.end(); ++fid) {
+                if (cancel_requested.load(std::memory_order_relaxed)) return;
+                std::size_t nearest_id = 0;
+                calc_nearest_color_id(cluster_centers, face_colors[fid], nearest_id);
+                clustered_face_labels[fid] = nearest_id;
+                out_clustered_face_colors[fid] = cluster_centers[nearest_id];
+                size_t cnt = done.fetch_add(1, std::memory_order_relaxed) + 1;
+                if (cnt % interval == 0) {
+                    if (cancelled()) { cancel_requested.store(true, std::memory_order_relaxed); return; }
+                }
+            }
+        });
+        if (cancel_requested.load() || cancelled()) return false;
+    }
+    if (adaptive_cluster) {
+        if (!discard_unused_cluster_centers(cluster_centers, clustered_face_labels, "cluster assignment"))
+            return false;
+    } else {
+        ensure_all_cluster_centers_used(face_colors, cluster_centers, clustered_face_labels, "cluster assignment");
+    }
+
+#ifdef OUTPUT_TEST_RESULT
+    {
+        std::vector<RGB> tmp = out_clustered_face_colors;
+        for (std::size_t i = 0; i < tmp.size(); ++i)
+            tmp[i] = cluster_centers[clustered_face_labels[i]];
+        SaveToOFF(std::string(log_prefix) + "_3_cluster.off", mesh, tmp);
+    }
+#endif
+
+    report(65, "Smoothing colors");
+    if (cancelled()) return false;
+
+    SmoothParameters smooth_parameters;
+    smooth_parameters.smooth_weight = settings.smooth_weight;
+    if (!smooth_region(mesh, clustered_face_labels, smooth_parameters)) {
+        BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(debug) << log_prefix << ": smooth region failed.";
+        return false;
+    }
+    if (adaptive_cluster) {
+        if (!discard_unused_cluster_centers(cluster_centers, clustered_face_labels, "color smoothing"))
+            return false;
+    } else {
+        ensure_all_cluster_centers_used(face_colors, cluster_centers, clustered_face_labels, "color smoothing");
+    }
+
+    report(90, "Updating face colors");
+    if (cancelled()) return false;
+
+    for (std::size_t i = 0; i < out_clustered_face_colors.size(); ++i)
+        out_clustered_face_colors[i] = cluster_centers[clustered_face_labels[i]];
+
+#ifdef OUTPUT_TEST_RESULT
+    SaveToOFF(std::string(log_prefix) + "_4_smooth.off", mesh, out_clustered_face_colors);
+#endif
+
+    report(100, "Completed");
+    return true;
+}
+
 bool TextureToColor(const TriMesh& texture_mesh, const std::vector<std::vector<Vec2f>>& texture_mesh_uv_coords, const cv::Mat& texture, TriMesh& color_mesh,
                     std::vector<std::array<std::size_t, 3>>& face_colors, const TextureToColorSettings& settings, AlgoProgressCallback progress_callback,
                     AlgoCancelCallback cancel_callback) {
@@ -525,259 +931,22 @@ bool TextureToColor(const TriMesh& texture_mesh, const std::vector<std::vector<V
     SaveToOFF("texture_to_color_0_initialize.off", color_mesh, face_colors);
 #endif
 
-    report(40, "Repairing mesh");
-    if (cancelled()) {
+    // Map progress from repair_cluster_smooth's [0,100] to TextureToColor's [40,100]
+    AlgoProgressCallback rcs_progress = nullptr;
+    if (progress_callback) {
+        rcs_progress = [&](AlgoProgress p) {
+            int mapped_pct = 40 + p.percent * 60 / 100;
+            progress_callback({mapped_pct, p.message});
+        };
+    }
+
+    std::vector<RGB> clustered_face_colors;
+    if (!repair_cluster_smooth(color_mesh, face_colors, clustered_face_colors,
+                               settings, rcs_progress, cancel_callback, "TextureToColor"))
         return false;
-    }
-
-    // Sub-stage timing helper for the "Repairing mesh" outer lap. Logs each
-    // sub-phase under a [timing][Repairing mesh] prefix so that regressions in
-    // mesh inspection, RepairMesh, AABB resampling, etc. can be attributed
-    // to a specific sub-stage without changing the outer lap structure.
-    auto sub_lap = [&](const char* sub_name, Clock::time_point t0) {
-        double ms = std::chrono::duration<double, std::milli>(Clock::now() - t0).count();
-        BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(debug) << "[timing][Repairing mesh] " << sub_name << ": " << ms << "ms";
-    };
-
-    // Step 3: Repair mesh
-    // Many textured models have non-manifold, non-closed, or other issues that need to be fixed beforehand
-    auto resample_repaired_mesh = [&](TriMesh&& repaired_mesh) -> bool {
-        // AABBTreeIndirect references vertices/faces externally, so snapshot the
-        // pre-repair geometry by moving them out of color_mesh before it gets
-        // overwritten with the repaired mesh below. std::move on std::vector is
-        // O(1) (pointer adoption), no element copy.
-        const auto t_aabb = Clock::now();
-        TriVertices old_vertices = std::move(color_mesh.vertices);
-        TriFaces    old_indices  = std::move(color_mesh.indices);
-        auto before_repair_tree = AABBTreeIndirect::build_aabb_tree_over_indexed_triangle_set(old_vertices, old_indices);
-        sub_lap("resample.aabb_build", t_aabb);
-
-        color_mesh = std::move(repaired_mesh);
-
-        const auto t_is_closed = Clock::now();
-        if (is_closed(color_mesh)) {
-            BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(debug) << "TextureToColor: repaired mesh is closed.";
-        } else {
-            BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(debug) << "TextureToColor: repaired mesh is open.";
-        }
-        sub_lap("resample.is_closed", t_is_closed);
-
-        // New faces after repair inherit old face colors via centroid nearest-neighbor lookup.
-        // Since the mesh barely changes after repair, resampling via centroid nearest-neighbor is sufficient.
-        const auto t_resample = Clock::now();
-        std::vector<RGB> new_face_colors(color_mesh.facets_count());
-        tbb::parallel_for(tbb::blocked_range<std::size_t>(0, color_mesh.facets_count()), [&](const tbb::blocked_range<size_t>& range) {
-            for (std::size_t fid = range.begin(); fid < range.end(); ++fid) {
-                const auto& face = color_mesh.indices[fid];
-                Vec3f center = (color_mesh.vertices[face[0]] + color_mesh.vertices[face[1]] + color_mesh.vertices[face[2]]) / 3.0f;
-                size_t hit_idx = 0;
-                Vec3f  closest;
-                AABBTreeIndirect::squared_distance_to_indexed_triangle_set(
-                    old_vertices, old_indices, before_repair_tree, center, hit_idx, closest);
-                new_face_colors[fid] = face_colors[hit_idx];
-            }
-        });
-        face_colors = std::move(new_face_colors);
-        sub_lap("resample.parallel_nearest", t_resample);
-        return true;
-    };
-
-    auto repair_and_resample_mesh = [&]() -> bool {
-        std::shared_ptr<TriMesh> repaired_mesh;
-        const auto t_repair = Clock::now();
-        bool success = RepairMesh(color_mesh, repaired_mesh);
-        sub_lap("RepairMesh", t_repair);
-        if (success == false) {
-            BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(debug) << "TextureToColor: repair mesh failed.";
-            return false;
-        }
-        if (cancelled()) return false;
-        return resample_repaired_mesh(std::move(*repaired_mesh));
-    };
-
-    {
-        const auto t_stats = Clock::now();
-        TriangleMesh stats_mesh(static_cast<const indexed_triangle_set&>(color_mesh));
-        const auto& stats = stats_mesh.stats();
-        sub_lap("stats_check", t_stats);
-        // Orca's TriangleMeshStats defines manifold() as open_edges == 0 and does not track
-        // non-manifold edges/vertices separately, so BBS's "!manifold() || has_open_edges()"
-        // collapses to this single test and the extra counters drop out of the log.
-        if (!stats.manifold()) {
-            BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(info) << "TextureToColor: mesh has non-manifold geometry or open boundaries, open_edges="
-                                    << stats.open_edges;
-            if (settings.mesh_repair_decision == MeshRepairDecision::Ask) {
-                if (settings.mesh_repair_decision_required)
-                    *settings.mesh_repair_decision_required = true;
-                return false;
-            }
-            if (settings.mesh_repair_decision == MeshRepairDecision::RepairAndImport) {
-                indexed_triangle_set repaired_its;
-                std::string repair_error;
-                const auto t_win3d = Clock::now();
-                bool repaired = settings.mesh_repair_callback && settings.mesh_repair_callback(static_cast<const indexed_triangle_set&>(color_mesh), repaired_its,
-                    [&](const char* message, unsigned percent) {
-                        sub_report(static_cast<int>(percent), 40, 60, message ? message : "Repairing mesh");
-                    },
-                    [&]() { return cancelled(); }, &repair_error);
-                sub_lap("windows_3d_repair", t_win3d);
-                if (repaired) {
-                    if (cancelled()) return false;
-                    BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(info) << "TextureToColor: Windows 3D mesh repair finished.";
-                    if (!resample_repaired_mesh(TriMesh(std::move(repaired_its))))
-                        return false;
-                } else {
-                    BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(warning) << "TextureToColor: Windows 3D mesh repair failed: " << repair_error;
-                }
-            } else {
-                BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(info) << "TextureToColor: importing mesh without Windows 3D repair.";
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    const auto t_halfedge = Clock::now();
-    const bool halfedge_ok = cgalutils::is_mesh_halfedge_compatible(color_mesh);
-    sub_lap("is_mesh_halfedge_compatible", t_halfedge);
-    if (!halfedge_ok && repair_and_resample_mesh() == false) {
-        BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(debug) << "TextureToColor: repair and resample mesh failed.";
-        return false;
-    }
-    lap("Repairing mesh");
-#ifdef OUTPUT_TEST_RESULT
-    SaveToOFF("texture_to_color_1_repair.off", color_mesh, face_colors);
-#endif
-
-    report(65, "Color clustering");
-    if (cancelled()) {
-        return false;
-    }
-
-    // Step 5: Color clustering
-    std::vector<RGB> cluster_centers;
-    std::vector<RGB> clustered_face_colors = face_colors;
-    std::vector<std::size_t> clustered_face_labels(face_colors.size());
-    const bool adaptive_cluster = settings.target_colors_num == 0;
-
-    // Compute cluster centers
-    if (adaptive_cluster) {
-        BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(debug) << "TextureToColor: use cluster adaptive method.";
-        ClusterParameters para;
-        para.max_color_distance = settings.max_color_distance;
-        para.max_cluster_k = settings.max_cluster_k;
-        para.cancel_callback = cancel_callback ? [&]() { return cancel_callback(); } : std::function<bool()>{};
-        cluster_centers = cluster_adaptive(face_colors, para);
-        if (cancelled()) return false;
-    } else {
-        BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(debug) << "TextureToColor: use cluster k-means method.";
-        ClusterParameters para;
-        para.cluster_k = settings.target_colors_num;
-        para.cancel_callback = cancel_callback ? [&]() { return cancel_callback(); } : std::function<bool()>{};
-        cluster_centers = cluster_k_means(face_colors, para);
-        if (cancelled()) return false;
-    }
-    BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(debug) << "TextureToColor: the k is " << cluster_centers.size() << ".";
-    if (cluster_centers.empty()) {
-        BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(debug) << "TextureToColor: no cluster center generated.";
-        return false;
-    }
-    const std::set<RGB> unique_cluster_centers(cluster_centers.begin(), cluster_centers.end());
-    if (unique_cluster_centers.size() != cluster_centers.size()) {
-        BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(warning) << "TextureToColor: cluster centers contain duplicated RGB values, unique exported colors may be fewer than centers.";
-    }
-
-    report(70, "Assigning cluster labels");
-    if (cancelled()) {
-        return false;
-    }
-
-    // Assign each face's color to the nearest cluster center
-    constexpr bool use_simple_cluster = true;  // Complex algorithm is still being optimized; use simple assignment for now
-    if (use_simple_cluster) {
-        std::atomic<size_t> done_cluster{0};
-        std::atomic<bool> cancel_requested{false};
-        const size_t total_cluster = color_mesh.indices.size();
-        const size_t cluster_interval = std::max<size_t>(total_cluster / 20, 1);
-        tbb::parallel_for(tbb::blocked_range<std::size_t>(0, total_cluster), [&](const tbb::blocked_range<size_t>& range) {
-            for (std::size_t fid = range.begin(); fid < range.end(); ++fid) {
-                if (cancel_requested.load(std::memory_order_relaxed)) return;
-                auto& face_color = face_colors[fid];
-                auto nearest_color_id = std::numeric_limits<std::size_t>::max();
-                bool success = calc_nearest_color_id(cluster_centers, face_color, nearest_color_id);
-                if (success == false) {
-                    BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(debug) << "TextureToColor: calc nearest color id failed.";
-                    continue;
-                }
-                clustered_face_labels[fid] = nearest_color_id;
-                clustered_face_colors[fid] = cluster_centers[nearest_color_id];
-                size_t cnt = done_cluster.fetch_add(1, std::memory_order_relaxed) + 1;
-                if (cnt % cluster_interval == 0) {
-                    if (cancelled()) { cancel_requested.store(true, std::memory_order_relaxed); return; }
-                    sub_report(static_cast<int>(cnt * 100 / total_cluster), 70, 85, "Assigning cluster labels");
-                }
-            }
-        });
-        if (cancel_requested.load() || cancelled()) return false;
-    } else {
-        bool success = mesh_cluster(color_mesh, cluster_centers, clustered_face_colors, clustered_face_labels);
-        if (success == false) {
-            BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(debug) << "TextureToColor: mesh cluster failed.";
-            return false;
-        }
-    }
-    if (adaptive_cluster) {
-        if (!discard_unused_cluster_centers(cluster_centers, clustered_face_labels, "cluster assignment")) {
-            return false;
-        }
-    } else {
-        ensure_all_cluster_centers_used(face_colors, cluster_centers, clustered_face_labels, "cluster assignment");
-    }
-    lap("Color clustering & labeling");
-#ifdef OUTPUT_TEST_RESULT
-    for (std::size_t i = 0; i < clustered_face_colors.size(); ++i) {
-        clustered_face_colors[i] = cluster_centers[clustered_face_labels[i]];
-    }
-    SaveToOFF("texture_to_color_3_cluster.off", color_mesh, clustered_face_colors);
-#endif
-
-    report(85, "Smoothing colors");
-    if (cancelled()) {
-        return false;
-    }
-
-    // Step 6: Post-process colors
-    SmoothParameters smooth_parameters;
-    smooth_parameters.smooth_weight = settings.smooth_weight;
-    if (!smooth_region(color_mesh, clustered_face_labels, smooth_parameters)) {
-        BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(debug) << "TextureToColor: smooth region failed.";
-        return false;
-    }
-    BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(debug) << "TextureToColor: smooth region success.";
-    if (adaptive_cluster) {
-        if (!discard_unused_cluster_centers(cluster_centers, clustered_face_labels, "color smoothing")) {
-            return false;
-        }
-    } else {
-        ensure_all_cluster_centers_used(face_colors, cluster_centers, clustered_face_labels, "color smoothing");
-    }
-    report(95, "Updating face colors");
-    if (cancelled()) {
-        return false;
-    }
-    for (std::size_t i = 0; i < clustered_face_colors.size(); ++i) {
-        clustered_face_colors[i] = cluster_centers[clustered_face_labels[i]];
-    }
-    const std::set<RGB> unique_exported_colors(clustered_face_colors.begin(), clustered_face_colors.end());
-    if (unique_exported_colors.size() < cluster_centers.size()) {
-        BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(warning) << "TextureToColor: final exported unique colors (" << unique_exported_colors.size()
-                                   << ") are fewer than cluster centers (" << cluster_centers.size()
-                                   << "), likely due to duplicate centers or unsatisfied seed assignment.";
-    }
-#ifdef OUTPUT_TEST_RESULT
-    SaveToOFF("texture_to_color_4_smooth.off", color_mesh, clustered_face_colors);
-#endif
 
     face_colors = std::move(clustered_face_colors);
-    lap("Smoothing colors");
+    lap("Repair + Clustering + Smoothing");
     double total_ms = std::chrono::duration<double, std::milli>(Clock::now() - t_total_start).count();
     BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(debug) << "[timing] TextureToColor total: " << total_ms << "ms"
                     << " faces=" << color_mesh.facets_count();
@@ -785,5 +954,91 @@ bool TextureToColor(const TriMesh& texture_mesh, const std::vector<std::vector<V
     return true;
 }
 
+bool ClusterAndSmooth(const TriMesh& mesh,
+                      const std::vector<std::array<std::size_t, 3>>& input_face_colors,
+                      TriMesh& out_mesh,
+                      std::vector<std::array<std::size_t, 3>>& out_face_colors,
+                      const TextureToColorSettings& settings,
+                      AlgoProgressCallback progress_callback,
+                      AlgoCancelCallback cancel_callback,
+                      const std::vector<std::array<float, 4>>& vertex_colors)
+{
+    auto report = [&](int pct, const char* msg) {
+        if (progress_callback)
+            progress_callback({pct, msg});
+    };
+    auto cancelled = [&]() -> bool {
+        if (cancel_callback && cancel_callback()) {
+            BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(debug) << __FUNCTION__ << " cancelled";
+            return true;
+        }
+        return false;
+    };
+
+    out_mesh = mesh;
+    out_face_colors.clear();
+
+    if (mesh.indices.empty() || input_face_colors.empty()) {
+        BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(debug) << "ClusterAndSmooth: empty mesh or face colors.";
+        return false;
+    }
+    if (input_face_colors.size() != mesh.indices.size()) {
+        BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(warning) << "ClusterAndSmooth: face_colors size ("
+                                   << input_face_colors.size() << ") != indices size ("
+                                   << mesh.indices.size() << "), clamping.";
+    }
+
+    report(0, "Initializing");
+    if (cancelled()) return false;
+
+    // Prepare face colors aligned to mesh size
+    std::vector<RGB> face_colors(out_mesh.indices.size());
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < out_mesh.indices.size(); ++i) {
+        if (i < input_face_colors.size())
+            face_colors[i] = input_face_colors[i];
+        else
+            face_colors[i] = {128, 128, 128};
+    }
+
+    // Low-poly vertex-color meshes take the legacy OBJ import route: quantize the
+    // vertex colors, then split only across cluster boundaries. Colors are exact
+    // cluster centers afterwards, so repair / re-clustering / smoothing are skipped
+    // to match the legacy behaviour, which never touched the mesh either.
+    // A vertex color count that disagrees with the mesh falls through to the generic
+    // pipeline below rather than failing the import outright.
+    if (!vertex_colors.empty() &&
+        vertex_colors.size() == out_mesh.vertices.size() &&
+        out_mesh.facets_count() < settings.oversampling_min_face_count) {
+        report(10, "Quantizing vertex colors");
+        std::vector<RGB>         cluster_centers;
+        std::vector<std::size_t> vertex_cluster_ids;
+        if (!quantize_vertex_colors(vertex_colors, settings, cancel_callback, cluster_centers, vertex_cluster_ids)) {
+            BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(debug) << "ClusterAndSmooth: vertex color quantization failed.";
+            return false;
+        }
+        if (cancelled()) return false;
+
+        report(50, "Splitting color boundaries");
+        if (!adaptive_split_by_vertex_clusters(out_mesh, vertex_cluster_ids, cluster_centers, face_colors)) {
+            BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(debug) << "ClusterAndSmooth: adaptive vertex-color split failed.";
+            return false;
+        }
+        if (cancelled()) return false;
+
+        out_face_colors = std::move(face_colors);
+        report(100, "Completed");
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    std::vector<RGB> clustered_face_colors;
+    if (!repair_cluster_smooth(out_mesh, face_colors, clustered_face_colors,
+                               settings, progress_callback, cancel_callback,
+                               "ClusterAndSmooth"))
+        return false;
+
+    out_face_colors = std::move(clustered_face_colors);
+    return true;
+}
+
 }  // namespace tex2color
 }  // namespace Slic3r
diff --git a/src/libslic3r/TextureToColor/TextureToColor.hpp b/src/libslic3r/TextureToColor/TextureToColor.hpp
index f18cce5759..019a113fc4 100644
--- a/src/libslic3r/TextureToColor/TextureToColor.hpp
+++ b/src/libslic3r/TextureToColor/TextureToColor.hpp
@@ -61,5 +61,43 @@ bool TextureToColor(const TriMesh& texture_mesh, const std::vector<std::vector<V
                     std::vector<std::array<std::size_t, 3>>& face_colors, const TextureToColorSettings& settings = TextureToColorSettings(),
                     AlgoProgressCallback progress_callback = nullptr, AlgoCancelCallback cancel_callback = nullptr);
 
+/**
+ * @brief Turn pre-computed per-face colors into a clustered color mesh (no texture/UV).
+ *
+ * Used for OBJ vertex colors and MTL face colors, which bypass texture sampling.
+ * Two routes are possible:
+ * - Low-poly meshes carrying per-vertex colors: the vertex colors are quantized
+ *   into a small palette and the mesh is geometrically split along cluster
+ *   boundaries, reproducing the split topology of the legacy OBJ vertex-color
+ *   import. Output colors are then exact cluster centers, so mesh repair,
+ *   re-clustering and smoothing are skipped.
+ * - Everything else: mesh repair, color clustering (K-Means or adaptive) and
+ *   region smoothing, sharing the same pipeline as TextureToColor.
+ *
+ * @param[in]      mesh               Input triangle mesh
+ * @param[in]      input_face_colors  Pre-computed per-face RGB colors [0..255]
+ * @param[out]     out_mesh           Output mesh. Geometry is subdivided on the
+ *                                    vertex-color route, and may still be replaced
+ *                                    by mesh repair on the generic route.
+ * @param[out]     out_face_colors    Output per-face colors, one entry per out_mesh face
+ * @param[in]      settings           Algorithm parameters (target_colors_num, smooth_weight;
+ *                                    oversampling_min_face_count doubles as the low-poly
+ *                                    threshold for the vertex-color route)
+ * @param[in]      progress_callback  Progress callback
+ * @param[in]      cancel_callback    Cancel callback
+ * @param[in]      vertex_colors      Optional per-vertex RGBA [0..1]. Must match
+ *                                    mesh.vertices in size to enable the vertex-color
+ *                                    route; otherwise it is ignored.
+ * @return true on success, false on failure or cancellation
+ */
+bool ClusterAndSmooth(const TriMesh& mesh,
+                      const std::vector<std::array<std::size_t, 3>>& input_face_colors,
+                      TriMesh& out_mesh,
+                      std::vector<std::array<std::size_t, 3>>& out_face_colors,
+                      const TextureToColorSettings& settings = TextureToColorSettings(),
+                      AlgoProgressCallback progress_callback = nullptr,
+                      AlgoCancelCallback cancel_callback = nullptr,
+                      const std::vector<std::array<float, 4>>& vertex_colors = {});
+
 }  // namespace tex2color
 }  // namespace Slic3r
diff --git a/src/slic3r/GUI/Plater.cpp b/src/slic3r/GUI/Plater.cpp
index 9a6b52016f..29e6dab244 100644
--- a/src/slic3r/GUI/Plater.cpp
+++ b/src/slic3r/GUI/Plater.cpp
@@ -215,6 +215,9 @@ static bool has_importable_texture(const Slic3r::TexturedMesh& textured_mesh)
     if (textured_mesh.vertices.empty() || textured_mesh.indices.empty())
         return false;
 
+    if (!textured_mesh.precomputed_face_colors.empty())
+        return true;
+
     return std::any_of(textured_mesh.textures.begin(), textured_mesh.textures.end(),
         [](const Slic3r::TextureImage& texture) { return !texture.data.empty(); });
 }
diff --git a/src/slic3r/GUI/TextureImportDialog.cpp b/src/slic3r/GUI/TextureImportDialog.cpp
index c9e5fb2147..e2886687f3 100644
--- a/src/slic3r/GUI/TextureImportDialog.cpp
+++ b/src/slic3r/GUI/TextureImportDialog.cpp
@@ -491,7 +491,8 @@ public:
                         std::function<void(wxColour)>            on_add_filament,
                         std::function<void()>                    on_decompose_color,
                         std::function<bool()>                    can_add_filament,
-                        std::function<void(bool)>                on_close)
+                        std::function<void(bool)>                on_close,
+                        std::vector<int>                         display_numbers)
         : PopupWindow(parent, wxBORDER_NONE | wxPU_CONTAINS_CONTROLS)
         , m_entries(entries)
         , m_colors_rgba(colors_rgba)
@@ -503,6 +504,7 @@ public:
         , m_on_decompose_color(std::move(on_decompose_color))
         , m_can_add_filament(std::move(can_add_filament))
         , m_on_close(std::move(on_close))
+        , m_display_numbers(std::move(display_numbers))
     {
         wxColour pop_bg = dark_or(*wxWHITE, wxColour(0x2D, 0x2D, 0x31));
         SetBackgroundColour(pop_bg);
@@ -550,9 +552,12 @@ public:
             }
         };
 
+        // Section order matches compute_display_numbers() so the visible IDs
+        // ascend monotonically (ExistingPhysical -> NewPhysical -> ExistingMixed
+        // -> NewMixed) instead of jumping (e.g. 1,2 -> 7 -> 3,4,5,6 -> 8,9,10).
         add_section(_L("Project Physical Filaments"), TextureFilamentKind::ExistingPhysical);
-        add_section(_L("Project Mixed Filaments"), TextureFilamentKind::ExistingMixed);
         add_section(_L("New Physical Filaments"), TextureFilamentKind::NewPhysical);
+        add_section(_L("Project Mixed Filaments"), TextureFilamentKind::ExistingMixed);
         add_section(_L("New Mixed Filaments"), TextureFilamentKind::NewMixed);
 
         auto* decompose_label = new wxStaticText(this, wxID_ANY, _L("Decompose Color"));
@@ -682,7 +687,7 @@ private:
             : wxColour(128, 128, 128);
 
         wxString name_str = (idx < m_names.size()) ? filament_name_to_wx_string(m_names[idx])
-                                                    : wxString::Format("Filament %d", (int)(idx + 1));
+                                                    : wxString::Format("Filament %d", display_number((int)idx));
         row->SetToolTip(name_str);
 
         row->Bind(wxEVT_PAINT, [this, idx, sq, sq_r, sq_x, gap1, fil_clr, name_str, row_bg, hover_bg, name_fg](wxPaintEvent& e) {
@@ -711,7 +716,7 @@ private:
                 nf.SetPointSize(9);
                 dc.SetFont(nf);
                 dc.SetTextForeground(paint_clr.GetLuminance() < 0.6 ? *wxWHITE : texture_import_gray9000());
-                wxString ns = wxString::Format("%d", (int)(idx + 1));
+                wxString ns = wxString::Format("%d", display_number((int)idx));
                 wxSize tsz = dc.GetTextExtent(ns);
                 dc.DrawText(ns, sq_x + (sq - tsz.x) / 2, sq_y + (sq - tsz.y) / 2);
             }
@@ -767,7 +772,7 @@ private:
         row->SetBackgroundColour(row_bg);
         row->SetBackgroundStyle(wxBG_STYLE_PAINT);
         row->SetCursor(wxCursor(wxCURSOR_HAND));
-        row->SetToolTip(entry.name.empty() ? wxString::Format("Filament %d", idx + 1) : filament_name_to_wx_string(entry.name));
+        row->SetToolTip(entry.name.empty() ? wxString::Format("Filament %d", display_number(idx)) : filament_name_to_wx_string(entry.name));
 
         row->Bind(wxEVT_PAINT, [this, entry, idx, row_bg, hover_bg, name_fg, plus_fg](wxPaintEvent& e) {
             auto* p = static_cast<wxPanel*>(e.GetEventObject());
@@ -810,7 +815,7 @@ private:
                 dc.DrawRoundedRectangle(x, y, sw, sw, sw_r);
                 draw_filament_swatch_border(dc, comp_clr, x, y, sw, sw, sw_r);
 
-                wxString num = wxString::Format("%u", comp_id);
+                wxString num = wxString::Format("%d", display_number(comp_dialog_idx));
                 wxSize nsz = dc.GetTextExtent(num);
                 dc.SetTextForeground(comp_clr.GetLuminance() < 0.6 ? *wxWHITE : texture_import_gray9000());
                 dc.DrawText(num, x + (sw - nsz.x) / 2, y + (sw - nsz.y) / 2);
@@ -858,9 +863,19 @@ private:
     std::function<void()>                      m_on_decompose_color;
     std::function<bool()>                      m_can_add_filament;
     std::function<void(bool)>                  m_on_close;
+    // 1-based display number per dialog_index, mirroring the post-apply
+    // sidebar ordering (ExistingPhysical, NewPhysical, ExistingMixed, NewMixed).
+    std::vector<int>                           m_display_numbers;
     int                                        m_hover_idx = -1;
     bool                                       m_closing_from_action = false;
     bool                                       m_destroy_scheduled = false;
+
+    // Returns the display number for a dialog_index, falling back to idx + 1
+    // when no mapping is available (e.g. index out of range).
+    int display_number(int idx) const {
+        return (idx >= 0 && idx < (int)m_display_numbers.size() && m_display_numbers[idx] > 0)
+            ? m_display_numbers[idx] : idx + 1;
+    }
 };
 
 // ============================================================
@@ -1735,8 +1750,11 @@ TextureImportDialog::TextureImportDialog(
 
     m_preview_canvas->set_mesh_data(m_textured_mesh.vertices, m_textured_mesh.indices);
 
-    // Prepare texture rendering data for the Original tab
-    if (!m_textured_mesh.textures.empty()) {
+    // Pre-computed face colors (OBJ vertex colors / MTL face colors):
+    // use them directly as the Original preview, skip texture decode.
+    if (!m_textured_mesh.precomputed_face_colors.empty()) {
+        m_preview_canvas->set_original_face_colors(m_textured_mesh.precomputed_face_colors);
+    } else if (!m_textured_mesh.textures.empty()) {
         std::vector<std::vector<unsigned char>> tex_pixels_rgb;
         std::vector<int> tex_widths, tex_heights;
         tex_pixels_rgb.reserve(m_textured_mesh.textures.size());
@@ -2444,7 +2462,13 @@ void TextureImportDialog::start_computation(bool auto_color, bool initial)
         auto worker_settings = settings;
         bool mesh_repair_decision_required = false;
         worker_settings.mesh_repair_decision_required = &mesh_repair_decision_required;
-        bool ok = Slic3r::texture_to_painting(mesh_copy, result, worker_settings, progress_cb, cancel_cb);
+        bool ok;
+        if (!mesh_copy.precomputed_face_colors.empty()) {
+            ok = Slic3r::face_colors_to_painting(
+                mesh_copy, result, worker_settings, progress_cb, cancel_cb);
+        } else {
+            ok = Slic3r::texture_to_painting(mesh_copy, result, worker_settings, progress_cb, cancel_cb);
+        }
 
         if (m_cancel_flag.load()) {
             wxQueueEvent(handler, new wxCommandEvent(EVT_TEXTURE_COMPUTE_ERROR));
@@ -3075,6 +3099,54 @@ void TextureImportDialog::compact_used_virtual_filaments()
     }
 }
 
+std::vector<int> TextureImportDialog::compute_display_numbers() const
+{
+    // Assigns each entry a 1-based display number in the order the sidebar will
+    // show after apply: ExistingPhysical, NewPhysical, ExistingMixed, NewMixed.
+    // This keeps the dialog's visible IDs in sync with the post-apply sidebar,
+    // instead of the raw dialog_index (which interleaves physicals and mixeds
+    // by processing order and causes e.g. CMYW to show 4,5,6,8 instead of 3,4,5,6).
+    // MUST mirror ordering in apply_textured_mesh_import_result (Plater.cpp:9896):
+    //   - ExistingPhysical keeps its project_config_index
+    //   - NewPhysical is inserted at existing_physical_count + new_order
+    //   - ExistingMixed shifts to project_config_index + new_physical_count
+    //   - NewMixed is appended after all existing mixeds
+    std::vector<int> result(m_filament_entries.size(), 0);
+    int next = 1;
+
+    auto assign_group = [&](TextureFilamentKind kind, bool by_project_config_index) {
+        if (by_project_config_index) {
+            std::vector<const TextureFilamentEntry*> group;
+            for (const auto& e : m_filament_entries)
+                if (e.kind == kind)
+                    group.push_back(&e);
+            std::sort(group.begin(), group.end(),
+                      [](const TextureFilamentEntry* a, const TextureFilamentEntry* b) {
+                          return a->project_config_index < b->project_config_index;
+                      });
+            for (const auto* e : group) {
+                if (e->dialog_index >= 0 && e->dialog_index < (int)result.size())
+                    result[e->dialog_index] = next;
+                ++next;
+            }
+        } else {
+            for (const auto& e : m_filament_entries) {
+                if (e.kind != kind)
+                    continue;
+                if (e.dialog_index >= 0 && e.dialog_index < (int)result.size())
+                    result[e.dialog_index] = next;
+                ++next;
+            }
+        }
+    };
+
+    assign_group(TextureFilamentKind::ExistingPhysical, true);
+    assign_group(TextureFilamentKind::NewPhysical,      false);
+    assign_group(TextureFilamentKind::ExistingMixed,    true);
+    assign_group(TextureFilamentKind::NewMixed,         false);
+    return result;
+}
+
 void TextureImportDialog::dismiss_filament_popup()
 {
     if (!m_filament_popup) {
@@ -3429,7 +3501,13 @@ void TextureImportDialog::show_filament_popup(size_t row_index)
         dismiss_filament_popup();
     }
 
-    auto on_select = [this, row_index](int idx) {
+    const auto display_numbers = compute_display_numbers();
+    auto display_number = [display_numbers](int idx) -> int {
+        return (idx >= 0 && idx < (int)display_numbers.size() && display_numbers[idx] > 0)
+            ? display_numbers[idx] : idx + 1;
+    };
+
+    auto on_select = [this, row_index, display_number](int idx) {
         if (row_index >= m_mapping_rows.size()) return;
         m_mapping_rows[row_index].target_filament_idx = idx;
         if (row_index < m_current_matches.size())
@@ -3437,7 +3515,7 @@ void TextureImportDialog::show_filament_popup(size_t row_index)
         if (m_mapping_rows[row_index].target_panel) {
             wxString label = (idx >= 0 && idx < (int)m_filament_names.size())
                 ? filament_name_to_wx_string(m_filament_names[idx])
-                : wxString::Format("Filament %d", idx + 1);
+                : wxString::Format("Filament %d", display_number(idx));
             m_mapping_rows[row_index].target_panel->SetToolTip(label);
             m_mapping_rows[row_index].target_panel->Refresh();
         }
@@ -3490,7 +3568,8 @@ void TextureImportDialog::show_filament_popup(size_t row_index)
         m_existing_filament_count, tp->GetSize().x, tp, on_select, on_add_filament,
         on_decompose_color,
         [this]() { return can_add_virtual_filament(); },
-        on_close);
+        on_close,
+        display_numbers);
 
     wxPoint pos = tp->ClientToScreen(wxPoint(0, tp->GetSize().y));
     wxRect display_rect;
@@ -3673,10 +3752,16 @@ void TextureImportDialog::rebuild_mapping_rows()
         return wxColour(128, 128, 128);
     };
 
-    auto get_filament_label = [this](int idx) -> wxString {
+    const auto display_numbers = compute_display_numbers();
+    auto display_number = [display_numbers](int idx) -> int {
+        return (idx >= 0 && idx < (int)display_numbers.size() && display_numbers[idx] > 0)
+            ? display_numbers[idx] : idx + 1;
+    };
+
+    auto get_filament_label = [this, display_number](int idx) -> wxString {
         if (idx >= 0 && idx < (int)m_filament_names.size())
             return filament_name_to_wx_string(m_filament_names[idx]);
-        return wxString::Format("Filament %d", idx + 1);
+        return wxString::Format("Filament %d", display_number(idx));
     };
 
     const wxColour dash_clr   = dark_or(wxColour(179, 179, 179), wxColour(100, 100, 106));
@@ -3804,7 +3889,7 @@ void TextureImportDialog::rebuild_mapping_rows()
         row.target_panel->SetCursor(wxCursor(wxCURSOR_HAND));
 
         row.target_panel->Bind(wxEVT_PAINT, [this, ci, get_target_wxcolor, get_filament_label,
-                                              card_bg, card_bd, name_fg, chev_clr](wxPaintEvent& e) {
+                                              display_number, card_bg, card_bd, name_fg, chev_clr](wxPaintEvent& e) {
             auto* p = static_cast<wxPanel*>(e.GetEventObject());
             wxAutoBufferedPaintDC dc(p);
             wxSize sz = p->GetClientSize();
@@ -3856,7 +3941,7 @@ void TextureImportDialog::rebuild_mapping_rows()
                     dc.DrawRoundedRectangle(x, sw_y, sw, sw, sw_r);
                     draw_filament_swatch_border(dc, comp_clr, x, sw_y, sw, sw, sw_r);
 
-                    wxString num_str = wxString::Format("%u", comp_id);
+                    wxString num_str = wxString::Format("%d", display_number(comp_idx));
                     wxSize nsz = dc.GetTextExtent(num_str);
                     dc.SetTextForeground(comp_clr.GetLuminance() < 0.6 ? *wxWHITE : texture_import_gray9000());
                     dc.DrawText(num_str, x + (sw - nsz.x) / 2, sw_y + (sw - nsz.y) / 2);
@@ -3897,7 +3982,7 @@ void TextureImportDialog::rebuild_mapping_rows()
                 num_font.SetPointSize(10);
                 dc.SetFont(num_font);
                 dc.SetTextForeground(fil_clr.GetLuminance() < 0.6 ? *wxWHITE : texture_import_gray9000());
-                wxString num_str = wxString::Format("%d", fil_idx + 1);
+                wxString num_str = wxString::Format("%d", display_number(fil_idx));
                 wxSize nsz = dc.GetTextExtent(num_str);
                 dc.DrawText(num_str, sq_x + (sq - nsz.x) / 2, sq_y + (sq - nsz.y) / 2);
             }
diff --git a/src/slic3r/GUI/TextureImportDialog.hpp b/src/slic3r/GUI/TextureImportDialog.hpp
index 63e30dfc5b..3d7ba43c31 100644
--- a/src/slic3r/GUI/TextureImportDialog.hpp
+++ b/src/slic3r/GUI/TextureImportDialog.hpp
@@ -275,6 +275,14 @@ private:
     void update_drop_warning_visibility();
     void compact_used_virtual_filaments();
     int  find_closest_filament_index(const std::array<std::size_t, 3>& color) const;
+    // Returns a vector indexed by dialog_index whose value is the 1-based
+    // display number that mirrors the final sidebar ordering produced by
+    // apply_textured_mesh_import_result (Plater.cpp): ExistingPhysical,
+    // NewPhysical, ExistingMixed, NewMixed. Used so the dialog shows the
+    // same IDs the sidebar will show after OK, instead of the raw
+    // dialog_index + 1 (which interleaves physicals and mixeds).
+    // MUST mirror ordering in apply_textured_mesh_import_result (Plater.cpp:9896).
+    std::vector<int> compute_display_numbers() const;
 
     void on_color_preset_clicked(wxCommandEvent& evt);
     void on_color_slider_changed(wxCommandEvent& evt);

From 1b5b8fce5420f1da3d9d057259cbff30bb950170 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: SoftFever <softfeverever@gmail.com>
Date: Sat, 22 Aug 2026 13:15:09 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 16/51] Port mixed filament dialog fixes from BambuStudio

---
 src/slic3r/GUI/ColorDecomposeDialog.cpp |  24 +++-
 src/slic3r/GUI/GradientCurveEditor.cpp  |  40 ++++--
 src/slic3r/GUI/GradientCurveEditor.hpp  |   5 +
 src/slic3r/GUI/MixedFilamentDialog.cpp  | 154 ++++++++++++------------
 src/slic3r/GUI/MixedFilamentDialog.hpp  |   6 +
 5 files changed, 137 insertions(+), 92 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/slic3r/GUI/ColorDecomposeDialog.cpp b/src/slic3r/GUI/ColorDecomposeDialog.cpp
index 3c2fbe4e45..c52d4f4380 100644
--- a/src/slic3r/GUI/ColorDecomposeDialog.cpp
+++ b/src/slic3r/GUI/ColorDecomposeDialog.cpp
@@ -196,8 +196,10 @@ ColorDecomposeDialog::ColorDecomposeDialog(wxWindow* parent,
     build_ui();
     wxGetApp().UpdateDlgDarkUI(this);
     // Restore target swatch after dark mode color remapping
-    if (m_target_swatch)
+    if (m_target_swatch) {
         m_target_swatch->SetBackgroundColour(m_target_color);
+        m_target_swatch->Refresh();
+    }
 
     update_card_visibility();
     Fit();
@@ -322,6 +324,26 @@ static wxPanel* create_color_swatch(wxWindow* parent, const wxColour& color, int
     auto* panel = new wxPanel(parent, wxID_ANY, wxDefaultPosition, wxSize(size, size));
     panel->SetBackgroundColour(color);
     panel->SetMinSize(wxSize(size, size));
+    panel->SetBackgroundStyle(wxBG_STYLE_PAINT);
+    panel->Bind(wxEVT_PAINT, [panel](wxPaintEvent&) {
+        wxAutoBufferedPaintDC dc(panel);
+        wxSize sz = panel->GetClientSize();
+        wxColour c = panel->GetBackgroundColour();
+        dc.SetPen(*wxTRANSPARENT_PEN);
+        dc.SetBrush(wxBrush(c));
+        dc.DrawRectangle(0, 0, sz.GetWidth(), sz.GetHeight());
+        // Mirror sidebar (FilamentBitmapUtils::create_single_filament_bitmap):
+        // gray border for near-white in light mode so white swatches stay
+        // visible on a white background; light border for near-black in dark mode.
+        const bool light_mode = !wxGetApp().dark_mode();
+        if ((light_mode && c.Red() > 224 && c.Green() > 224 && c.Blue() > 224) ||
+            (!light_mode && c.Red() < 45 && c.Green() < 45 && c.Blue() < 45)) {
+            dc.SetBrush(*wxTRANSPARENT_BRUSH);
+            dc.SetPen(wxPen(light_mode ? wxColour(130, 130, 128) : wxColour(207, 207, 207),
+                            1, wxPENSTYLE_SOLID));
+            dc.DrawRectangle(0, 0, sz.GetWidth(), sz.GetHeight());
+        }
+    });
     return panel;
 }
 
diff --git a/src/slic3r/GUI/GradientCurveEditor.cpp b/src/slic3r/GUI/GradientCurveEditor.cpp
index b3d3436465..782961aba4 100644
--- a/src/slic3r/GUI/GradientCurveEditor.cpp
+++ b/src/slic3r/GUI/GradientCurveEditor.cpp
@@ -183,13 +183,17 @@ wxRect GradientCurveEditor::plot_rect() const
     return wxRect(x, y, side, side);
 }
 
-wxPoint GradientCurveEditor::data_to_px(double x, double y) const
+wxPoint2DDouble GradientCurveEditor::data_to_px_f(double x, double y) const
 {
     const wxRect r = plot_rect();
-    const int px = r.x + static_cast<int>(std::lround(x * r.width));
     // y axis is inverted: y=1 should sit at the top.
-    const int py = r.y + static_cast<int>(std::lround((1.0 - y) * r.height));
-    return wxPoint(px, py);
+    return wxPoint2DDouble(r.x + x * r.width, r.y + (1.0 - y) * r.height);
+}
+
+wxPoint GradientCurveEditor::data_to_px(double x, double y) const
+{
+    const wxPoint2DDouble p = data_to_px_f(x, y);
+    return wxPoint(static_cast<int>(std::lround(p.m_x)), static_cast<int>(std::lround(p.m_y)));
 }
 
 void GradientCurveEditor::px_to_data(int px, int py, double& x, double& y) const
@@ -321,6 +325,9 @@ void GradientCurveEditor::on_paint(wxPaintEvent& /*evt*/)
     // Render through wxGCDC so curves, arrows and anchor circles get anti-aliased; the buffered
     // DC is the actual back buffer that gets blitted to the window.
     wxGCDC dc(raw_dc);
+    // The curve and its anchors are drawn straight on the graphics context so their
+    // coordinates stay sub-pixel accurate (see data_to_px_f).
+    wxGraphicsContext* gc = dc.GetGraphicsContext();
 
     const wxRect rc = plot_rect();
     if (rc.width <= 0 || rc.height <= 0)
@@ -416,7 +423,7 @@ void GradientCurveEditor::on_paint(wxPaintEvent& /*evt*/)
     dc.SetTextForeground(label_muted);
     dc.DrawText(axis_x_title, x_title_x, x_axis_y - x_title_sz.y / 2);
 
-    if (m_points.size() < 2)
+    if (m_points.size() < 2 || !gc)
         return;
 
     auto color_for_curve = [&](int curve_idx) -> wxColour {
@@ -428,22 +435,26 @@ void GradientCurveEditor::on_paint(wxPaintEvent& /*evt*/)
         return c;
     };
 
-    auto build_polyline = [&](int curve_idx) -> std::vector<wxPoint> {
+    auto build_polyline = [&](int curve_idx) -> std::vector<wxPoint2DDouble> {
         const int samples = std::max(128, rc.width * 2);
-        std::vector<wxPoint> poly;
+        std::vector<wxPoint2DDouble> poly;
         poly.reserve(samples + 1);
         for (int s = 0; s <= samples; ++s) {
             const double x  = double(s) / samples;
             const double y0 = sample_curve_y(x);
             const double vy = to_visual_y(curve_idx, y0);
-            poly.push_back(data_to_px(x, vy));
+            poly.push_back(data_to_px_f(x, vy));
         }
         return poly;
     };
 
-    auto draw_polyline = [&](const std::vector<wxPoint>& poly, const wxColour& col, int stroke_dip) {
+    // Only the geometry goes through the graphics context: dc.DrawLines() takes integer
+    // wxPoint and would quantize the curve back to whole pixels.  The pen is still set on
+    // the dc, which forwards it to this same context while keeping the dc's own cached
+    // state in sync, so later dc drawing does not inherit the curve's pen.
+    auto draw_polyline = [&](const std::vector<wxPoint2DDouble>& poly, const wxColour& col, int stroke_dip) {
         dc.SetPen(wxPen(col, FromDIP(stroke_dip)));
-        dc.DrawLines(static_cast<int>(poly.size()), poly.data());
+        gc->StrokeLines(poly.size(), poly.data());
     };
 
     // Outline only when the curve color is perceptually close to the background; otherwise
@@ -472,13 +483,16 @@ void GradientCurveEditor::on_paint(wxPaintEvent& /*evt*/)
     draw_one(m_selected_curve, kStrokeSelected);
 
     // Control points (selected curve only): hollow circle with axis-color border, theme-aware fill.
-    const int r = FromDIP(kPointRadius);
+    // Drawn on the graphics context with a sub-pixel center so the ring stays centered on the
+    // curve instead of drifting up to half a pixel off it; pen and brush go through the dc for
+    // the same reason as in draw_polyline above.
+    const double r = FromDIP(kPointRadius);
     dc.SetPen(wxPen(axis_color, 1));
     dc.SetBrush(wxBrush(point_fill));
     for (size_t i = 0; i < m_points.size(); ++i) {
         const double vy = to_visual_y(m_selected_curve, m_points[i].y);
-        const wxPoint p = data_to_px(m_points[i].x, vy);
-        dc.DrawCircle(p.x, p.y, r);
+        const wxPoint2DDouble p = data_to_px_f(m_points[i].x, vy);
+        gc->DrawEllipse(p.m_x - r, p.m_y - r, r * 2, r * 2);
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/src/slic3r/GUI/GradientCurveEditor.hpp b/src/slic3r/GUI/GradientCurveEditor.hpp
index 8412db3df2..f9858cab11 100644
--- a/src/slic3r/GUI/GradientCurveEditor.hpp
+++ b/src/slic3r/GUI/GradientCurveEditor.hpp
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 #include <wx/colour.h>
 #include <wx/event.h>
 #include <wx/gdicmn.h>
+#include <wx/geometry.h>
 #include <wx/panel.h>
 
 #include "libslic3r/FilamentMixer.hpp"
@@ -74,6 +75,10 @@ private:
 
     // Coordinate mapping between data (x, y in [0,1]) and pixels in plot area.
     wxRect plot_rect() const;
+    // Sub-pixel accurate mapping, used for drawing: rounding the curve vertices to whole
+    // pixels leaves a staircase that anti-aliasing cannot smooth out, and the step is
+    // twice as coarse on 2x (Retina) displays.
+    wxPoint2DDouble data_to_px_f(double x, double y) const;
     wxPoint data_to_px(double x, double y) const;
     void    px_to_data(int px, int py, double& x, double& y) const;
     // Anchor hit test for the currently-selected curve (uses translated visual y).
diff --git a/src/slic3r/GUI/MixedFilamentDialog.cpp b/src/slic3r/GUI/MixedFilamentDialog.cpp
index 241f051905..84eb9ca0b9 100644
--- a/src/slic3r/GUI/MixedFilamentDialog.cpp
+++ b/src/slic3r/GUI/MixedFilamentDialog.cpp
@@ -258,6 +258,46 @@ wxBitmap MixedFilamentDialog::make_swatch_bitmap(size_t idx)
     });
 }
 
+void MixedFilamentDialog::apply_uniform_label_width(wxStaticText* lbl)
+{
+    // A material row places the combo right after the label, so the combo x follows the label
+    // width and the rows drift apart with fonts that render digits at different advances (which
+    // is what macOS does).  Reserve the width of the widest row label on every row instead.
+    // The label itself is used as the measuring device on purpose: SetMinSize overrides the
+    // control's own best size rather than being merged with it, and on macOS the native cell is
+    // wider than the plain text extent, so a wxDC-measured width would clip the text.
+    const wxString text = lbl->GetLabel();
+    int w = 0;
+    for (int i = 1; i <= MAX_COMPONENTS; ++i) {
+        lbl->SetLabel(wxString::Format(_L("Filament %d"), i));
+        lbl->InvalidateBestSize();
+        w = std::max(w, lbl->GetBestSize().x);
+    }
+    lbl->SetLabel(text);
+    lbl->InvalidateBestSize();
+    lbl->SetMinSize(wxSize(w, -1));
+}
+
+void MixedFilamentDialog::append_material_row()
+{
+    auto* row = new wxBoxSizer(wxHORIZONTAL);
+    auto* lbl = new wxStaticText(this, wxID_ANY,
+                                 wxString::Format(_L("Filament %d"), (int)(m_combo_filaments.size() + 1)));
+    lbl->SetFont(::Label::Body_12);
+    apply_uniform_label_width(lbl);
+    row->Add(lbl, 0, wxALIGN_CENTER_VERTICAL | wxRIGHT, FromDIP(8));
+
+    auto* combo = new ComboBox(this, wxID_ANY, wxEmptyString, wxDefaultPosition,
+                               wxSize(FromDIP(166), FromDIP(24)), 0, nullptr, wxCB_READONLY);
+    combo->SetKeepDropArrow(true);
+    combo->Bind(wxEVT_COMBOBOX, [this](wxCommandEvent&) { on_filament_changed(); });
+    row->Add(combo, 1, wxALIGN_CENTER_VERTICAL);
+
+    m_combo_filaments.push_back(combo);
+    m_combo_to_physical.push_back({});
+    m_material_rows_sizer->Add(row, 0, wxEXPAND | wxTOP, FromDIP(9));
+}
+
 void MixedFilamentDialog::reset_manual_ratio_state()
 {
     m_ratio_manual_order.clear();
@@ -444,13 +484,18 @@ void MixedFilamentDialog::start_ratio_editor(size_t idx, wxWindow* anchor, const
         m_ratio_editor->SetBackgroundColour(bg);
         m_ratio_editor->SetForegroundColour(fg);
         // Default wxTextCtrl best width (~140px) is too wide for the sizer to
-        // shrink, which would push the "%" suffix out of the panel.  Cap the
-        // editor's min width to the digits only (ratios are always two digits).
+        // shrink, which would push the "%" suffix out of the panel.  Size the
+        // editor for the *widest* three digits rather than the largest accepted
+        // value: SetMaxLength above lets anything up to "888" be typed, and the
+        // macOS system font renders digits at different advances, so "100" is
+        // narrower than what the user can actually enter.  GetSizeFromTextSize()
+        // then adds the platform's own text field margins; on macOS those margins
+        // are what clipped the digits.
         {
             wxClientDC mdc(m_ratio_editor);
             mdc.SetFont(::Label::Body_10);
-            int digits_w = mdc.GetTextExtent(wxT("88")).GetWidth();
-            m_ratio_editor->SetMinSize(wxSize(digits_w + FromDIP(2), -1));
+            int digits_w = mdc.GetTextExtent(wxT("888")).GetWidth();
+            m_ratio_editor->SetMinSize(m_ratio_editor->GetSizeFromTextSize(digits_w));
         }
 
         auto* pct_label = new wxStaticText(m_ratio_editor_panel, wxID_ANY, wxT("%"));
@@ -494,11 +539,21 @@ void MixedFilamentDialog::start_ratio_editor(size_t idx, wxWindow* anchor, const
 
     wxPoint pos = anchor->GetPosition() + anchor_rect.GetTopLeft();
     // Match the editor to the label (hover box) size so the inline editor and
-    // the hover state look identical.  A small floor keeps the "%" suffix from
-    // being squeezed out on very narrow labels.
+    // the hover state look identical, but never go below what the digits and
+    // the "%" suffix need: the sizer takes any missing width out of the
+    // stretchable editor, which would clip the value.
+    wxSize needed = m_ratio_editor_panel->ClientToWindowSize(
+        m_ratio_editor_panel->GetSizer()->CalcMin());
     wxSize size = anchor->GetSize();
-    size.SetWidth(std::max(size.GetWidth(), FromDIP(30)));
-    size.SetHeight(std::max(size.GetHeight(), FromDIP(18)));
+    size.SetWidth(std::max(size.GetWidth(), needed.GetWidth()));
+    size.SetHeight(std::max(size.GetHeight(), needed.GetHeight()));
+    // An editor wider than the label must still stay inside its parent, or the
+    // corner labels of the triangle picker would have it clipped at the edge.
+    if (wxWindow* editor_parent = m_ratio_editor_panel->GetParent()) {
+        wxSize avail = editor_parent->GetClientSize();
+        pos.x = std::clamp(pos.x, 0, std::max(0, avail.GetWidth()  - size.GetWidth()));
+        pos.y = std::clamp(pos.y, 0, std::max(0, avail.GetHeight() - size.GetHeight()));
+    }
     m_ratio_editor_panel->SetSize(wxRect(pos, size));
     m_ratio_editor_panel->Layout();
     m_ratio_editor->SetValue(wxString::Format(wxT("%d"), ratio(idx)));
@@ -769,23 +824,8 @@ wxBoxSizer* MixedFilamentDialog::create_material_selection()
 
     m_combo_filaments.clear();
     m_combo_to_physical.clear();
-    for (size_t i = 0; i < m_result.components.size(); ++i) {
-        auto* row = new wxBoxSizer(wxHORIZONTAL);
-        wxString lbl_text = wxString::Format(_L("Filament %d"), (int)(i + 1));
-        auto* lbl = new wxStaticText(this, wxID_ANY, lbl_text);
-        lbl->SetFont(::Label::Body_12);
-        row->Add(lbl, 0, wxALIGN_CENTER_VERTICAL | wxRIGHT, FromDIP(8));
-
-        auto* combo = new ComboBox(this, wxID_ANY, wxEmptyString, wxDefaultPosition,
-                                   wxSize(FromDIP(166), FromDIP(24)), 0, nullptr, wxCB_READONLY);
-        combo->SetKeepDropArrow(true);
-        combo->Bind(wxEVT_COMBOBOX, [this](wxCommandEvent&) { on_filament_changed(); });
-        row->Add(combo, 1, wxALIGN_CENTER_VERTICAL);
-
-        m_combo_filaments.push_back(combo);
-        m_combo_to_physical.push_back({});
-        m_material_rows_sizer->Add(row, 0, wxEXPAND | wxTOP, FromDIP(9));
-    }
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < m_result.components.size(); ++i)
+        append_material_row();
 
     sizer->Add(m_material_rows_sizer, 0, wxEXPAND);
 
@@ -1455,26 +1495,6 @@ void MixedFilamentDialog::on_ratio_changed(int new_ratio_a)
 
 void MixedFilamentDialog::on_gradient_toggled()
 {
-    bool checked = m_chk_gradient->GetValue();
-
-    if (checked) {
-        auto& print_config = wxGetApp().preset_bundle->prints.get_edited_preset().config;
-        if (!print_config.opt_bool("enable_mixed_color_sublayer")) {
-            wxMessageDialog dlg(this,
-                _L("Gradient effect requires 'Mixed color sublayer' to be enabled. Enable it now?"),
-                _L("Mixed Color Sublayer"),
-                wxYES_NO | wxICON_QUESTION);
-            if (dlg.ShowModal() == wxID_YES) {
-                DynamicPrintConfig new_conf;
-                new_conf.set_key_value("enable_mixed_color_sublayer", new ConfigOptionBool(true));
-                wxGetApp().get_tab(Preset::TYPE_PRINT)->load_config(new_conf);
-            } else {
-                m_chk_gradient->SetValue(false);
-                return;
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
     m_result.gradient_enabled = m_chk_gradient->GetValue();
 
     if (m_ratio_sizer)
@@ -1572,21 +1592,7 @@ void MixedFilamentDialog::on_add_material()
     }
     reset_manual_ratio_state();
 
-    auto* row = new wxBoxSizer(wxHORIZONTAL);
-    wxString lbl_text = wxString::Format(_L("Filament %d"), (int)(n + 1));
-    auto* lbl = new wxStaticText(this, wxID_ANY, lbl_text);
-    lbl->SetFont(::Label::Body_12);
-    row->Add(lbl, 0, wxALIGN_CENTER_VERTICAL | wxRIGHT, FromDIP(8));
-
-    auto* combo = new ComboBox(this, wxID_ANY, wxEmptyString, wxDefaultPosition,
-                               wxSize(FromDIP(166), FromDIP(24)), 0, nullptr, wxCB_READONLY);
-    combo->SetKeepDropArrow(true);
-    combo->Bind(wxEVT_COMBOBOX, [this](wxCommandEvent&) { on_filament_changed(); });
-    row->Add(combo, 1, wxALIGN_CENTER_VERTICAL);
-
-    m_combo_filaments.push_back(combo);
-    m_combo_to_physical.push_back({});
-    m_material_rows_sizer->Add(row, 0, wxEXPAND | wxTOP, FromDIP(9));
+    append_material_row();
 
     rebuild_all_combos();
     refresh_curve_editor_colors();
@@ -1670,24 +1676,8 @@ void MixedFilamentDialog::on_recommendation_clicked_triple(unsigned int a, unsig
     // Ensure we have exactly 3 combo rows
     if (num_components() < 3) {
         // Need to add a 3rd combo row
-        while (m_combo_filaments.size() < 3) {
-            size_t idx = m_combo_filaments.size();
-            auto* row = new wxBoxSizer(wxHORIZONTAL);
-            wxString lbl_text = wxString::Format(_L("Filament %d"), (int)(idx + 1));
-            auto* lbl = new wxStaticText(this, wxID_ANY, lbl_text);
-            lbl->SetFont(::Label::Body_12);
-            row->Add(lbl, 0, wxALIGN_CENTER_VERTICAL | wxRIGHT, FromDIP(8));
-
-            auto* combo = new ComboBox(this, wxID_ANY, wxEmptyString, wxDefaultPosition,
-                                       wxSize(FromDIP(166), FromDIP(24)), 0, nullptr, wxCB_READONLY);
-            combo->SetKeepDropArrow(true);
-            combo->Bind(wxEVT_COMBOBOX, [this](wxCommandEvent&) { on_filament_changed(); });
-            row->Add(combo, 1, wxALIGN_CENTER_VERTICAL);
-
-            m_combo_filaments.push_back(combo);
-            m_combo_to_physical.push_back({});
-            m_material_rows_sizer->Add(row, 0, wxEXPAND | wxTOP, FromDIP(9));
-        }
+        while (m_combo_filaments.size() < 3)
+            append_material_row();
     } else if (num_components() > 3) {
         while (m_material_rows_sizer->GetItemCount() > 3) {
             auto* sizer_item = m_material_rows_sizer->GetItem(m_material_rows_sizer->GetItemCount() - 1);
@@ -1813,7 +1803,11 @@ void MixedFilamentDialog::update_ok_button_state()
                 parts += wxString::Format(_L("Slot %s (%s)"), slots, wxString::FromUTF8(it->first));
             }
             m_type_mismatch_msg = parts + " " + _L("cannot be mixed. Please select the same filament type.");
+        } else {
+            m_type_mismatch_msg.clear();
         }
+    } else {
+        m_type_mismatch_msg.clear();
     }
 
     bool has_unselected = false;
@@ -1839,6 +1833,10 @@ void MixedFilamentDialog::update_ok_button_state()
 
     if (m_warning_panel) {
         m_warning_panel->Show(has_type_mismatch);
+        // Force a repaint: when the panel is already visible and only the
+        // mismatch text changes (e.g. PETG -> ABS), Show()/Layout() do not
+        // generate a paint event, so paint_warning_panel keeps the stale text.
+        m_warning_panel->Refresh();
         Layout();
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/slic3r/GUI/MixedFilamentDialog.hpp b/src/slic3r/GUI/MixedFilamentDialog.hpp
index a1deaa2022..a1af146897 100644
--- a/src/slic3r/GUI/MixedFilamentDialog.hpp
+++ b/src/slic3r/GUI/MixedFilamentDialog.hpp
@@ -100,6 +100,12 @@ private:
 
     wxBitmap make_swatch_bitmap(size_t idx);
 
+    // Reserves the same width on every material row label so the combo boxes line up.
+    static void apply_uniform_label_width(wxStaticText* lbl);
+    // Appends one "Filament N" label + combo row to m_material_rows_sizer.  N follows the
+    // number of rows already there, so callers must not renumber anything themselves.
+    void append_material_row();
+
     // Helpers for component/ratio access
     size_t          num_components() const { return m_result.components.size(); }
     unsigned int    comp(size_t i) const { return (i < m_result.components.size()) ? m_result.components[i] : 1; }

From 6e52c091f3d421361bf29b9910bab06e4a85f614 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: SoftFever <softfeverever@gmail.com>
Date: Sat, 22 Aug 2026 13:15:09 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 17/51] Initialize parse output in
 string_to_double_decimal_point

---
 src/libslic3r/LocalesUtils.cpp | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/src/libslic3r/LocalesUtils.cpp b/src/libslic3r/LocalesUtils.cpp
index d321072335..308752cc62 100644
--- a/src/libslic3r/LocalesUtils.cpp
+++ b/src/libslic3r/LocalesUtils.cpp
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ bool is_decimal_separator_point()
 
 double string_to_double_decimal_point(const std::string_view str, size_t* pos /* = nullptr*/)
 {
-    double out;
+    double out = 0.;
     size_t p = fast_float::from_chars(str.data(), str.data() + str.size(), out).ptr - str.data();
     if (pos)
         *pos = p;

From b2e1870a147e303ec16a43beba8c94597db37def Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: SoftFever <softfeverever@gmail.com>
Date: Sat, 22 Aug 2026 15:32:19 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 18/51] Restore sublayer prompt when enabling gradient mixing

---
 src/slic3r/GUI/MixedFilamentDialog.cpp | 25 +++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 25 insertions(+)

diff --git a/src/slic3r/GUI/MixedFilamentDialog.cpp b/src/slic3r/GUI/MixedFilamentDialog.cpp
index 84eb9ca0b9..c81c90fe1c 100644
--- a/src/slic3r/GUI/MixedFilamentDialog.cpp
+++ b/src/slic3r/GUI/MixedFilamentDialog.cpp
@@ -1495,6 +1495,31 @@ void MixedFilamentDialog::on_ratio_changed(int new_ratio_a)
 
 void MixedFilamentDialog::on_gradient_toggled()
 {
+    // Orca: the engine only produces a gradient when the print profile's
+    // "enable_mixed_color_sublayer" option is on (ToolOrdering::resolve_mixed_filaments
+    // falls back to whole-layer round-robin without it, and BBS leaves users to find the
+    // option themselves). Offer to switch it on so the gradient the user just enabled
+    // actually shows up in the sliced result. Keep this block on future BBS syncs.
+    bool checked = m_chk_gradient->GetValue();
+
+    if (checked) {
+        auto& print_config = wxGetApp().preset_bundle->prints.get_edited_preset().config;
+        if (!print_config.opt_bool("enable_mixed_color_sublayer")) {
+            wxMessageDialog dlg(this,
+                _L("Gradient effect requires 'Mixed color sublayer' to be enabled. Enable it now?"),
+                _L("Mixed Color Sublayer"),
+                wxYES_NO | wxICON_QUESTION);
+            if (dlg.ShowModal() == wxID_YES) {
+                DynamicPrintConfig new_conf;
+                new_conf.set_key_value("enable_mixed_color_sublayer", new ConfigOptionBool(true));
+                wxGetApp().get_tab(Preset::TYPE_PRINT)->load_config(new_conf);
+            } else {
+                m_chk_gradient->SetValue(false);
+                return;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
     m_result.gradient_enabled = m_chk_gradient->GetValue();
 
     if (m_ratio_sizer)

From 6745a33d5393d8c5e5dab48eb064c2550a7d6305 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: SoftFever <softfeverever@gmail.com>
Date: Sat, 22 Aug 2026 15:32:19 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 19/51] Fix deleting mixed filaments from the sidebar

---
 src/libslic3r/Model.cpp   | 15 ++++--
 src/slic3r/GUI/Plater.cpp | 98 ++++++++++++++++++++++-----------------
 2 files changed, 68 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/libslic3r/Model.cpp b/src/libslic3r/Model.cpp
index 81e5990d36..71c042f4e0 100644
--- a/src/libslic3r/Model.cpp
+++ b/src/libslic3r/Model.cpp
@@ -2669,9 +2669,18 @@ void ModelVolume::update_extruder_count_when_delete_filament(size_t extruder_cou
     // Same stale-assignment cleanup as update_extruder_count, for the filament-delete path.
     // Ported from BambuStudio (STUDIO-15763).
     size_t eid = extruder_id();
-    if (eid > extruder_count) {
-        // A mixed-color slot is virtual and legitimately sits past the physical filament count,
-        // so an assignment to one is not stale and must survive the delete.
+    // Judge out-of-range against the post-remap id, mirroring update_filament_values_for_items_when_delete_filament.
+    // Using the pre-remap eid would wrongly erase a high extruder that should remap (e.g. 5 -> 4 after
+    // deleting filament 1); update_filament_values_for_items_when_delete_filament would then skip it
+    // (!has("extruder")) and the volume would fall back to the object default color.
+    size_t remapped = eid;
+    if (eid == filament_id)
+        remapped = (replace_filament_id > 0) ? (size_t)replace_filament_id : 1;
+    else if (eid > filament_id)
+        remapped = eid - 1;
+    if (remapped > extruder_count) {
+        // filament_is_mixed is the pre-delete snapshot; index it with the ORIGINAL eid (1-based),
+        // not remapped, so we check whether this volume's current slot is a mixed slot.
         bool is_mixed = !filament_is_mixed.empty() && eid >= 1 && (eid - 1) < filament_is_mixed.size() && filament_is_mixed[eid - 1];
         if (!is_mixed)
             this->config.erase("extruder");
diff --git a/src/slic3r/GUI/Plater.cpp b/src/slic3r/GUI/Plater.cpp
index 29e6dab244..4676ff3c4b 100644
--- a/src/slic3r/GUI/Plater.cpp
+++ b/src/slic3r/GUI/Plater.cpp
@@ -5294,43 +5294,44 @@ void Sidebar::on_filaments_delete(size_t filament_id)
 {
     auto &choices = combos_filament();
 
-    if (filament_id >= choices.size())
-        return;
+    // A mixed (virtual) slot has no combo of its own, so there is no combo UI to remove —
+    // but the shared refresh below must still run so the mixed filament panel drops its row.
+    if (filament_id < choices.size()) {
+        if (choices.size() == 1)
+            choices[0]->GetDropDown().Invalidate();
 
-    if (choices.size() == 1)
-        choices[0]->GetDropDown().Invalidate();
+        wxWindowUpdateLocker noUpdates_scrolled_panel(this);
 
-    wxWindowUpdateLocker noUpdates_scrolled_panel(this);
+        // delete UI item
+        {
+            const int last            = p->combos_filament.size() - 1;
+            auto      sizer_filaments = this->p->sizer_filaments->GetItem(last % 2)->GetSizer();
+            sizer_filaments->Remove(last / 2);
 
-    // delete UI item
-    if (filament_id < p->combos_filament.size()) {
-        const int last            = p->combos_filament.size() - 1;
-        auto      sizer_filaments = this->p->sizer_filaments->GetItem(last % 2)->GetSizer();
-        sizer_filaments->Remove(last / 2);
+            PlaterPresetComboBox* to_delete_combox = p->combos_filament[filament_id];
+            (*p->combos_filament[last]).Destroy();
+            p->combos_filament.pop_back();
 
-        PlaterPresetComboBox* to_delete_combox = p->combos_filament[filament_id];
-        (*p->combos_filament[last]).Destroy();
-        p->combos_filament.pop_back();
-
-        // BBS:  filament double columns
-        auto sizer_filaments0 = this->p->sizer_filaments->GetItem((size_t) 0)->GetSizer();
-        auto sizer_filaments1 = this->p->sizer_filaments->GetItem(1)->GetSizer();
-        if (p->combos_filament.size() < 2) {
-            sizer_filaments1->Clear();
-        } else {
-            size_t c0 = sizer_filaments0->GetChildren().GetCount();
-            size_t c1 = sizer_filaments1->GetChildren().GetCount();
-            if (c0 < c1)
-                sizer_filaments1->Remove(c1 - 1);
-            else if (c0 > c1)
-                sizer_filaments1->AddStretchSpacer(1);
+            // BBS:  filament double columns
+            auto sizer_filaments0 = this->p->sizer_filaments->GetItem((size_t) 0)->GetSizer();
+            auto sizer_filaments1 = this->p->sizer_filaments->GetItem(1)->GetSizer();
+            if (p->combos_filament.size() < 2) {
+                sizer_filaments1->Clear();
+            } else {
+                size_t c0 = sizer_filaments0->GetChildren().GetCount();
+                size_t c1 = sizer_filaments1->GetChildren().GetCount();
+                if (c0 < c1)
+                    sizer_filaments1->Remove(c1 - 1);
+                else if (c0 > c1)
+                    sizer_filaments1->AddStretchSpacer(1);
+            }
         }
-    }
 
-    show_SEMM_buttons(); // ORCA
+        show_SEMM_buttons(); // ORCA
 
-    for (size_t idx = filament_id ; idx < p->combos_filament.size(); ++idx) {
-        p->combos_filament[idx]->update();
+        for (size_t idx = filament_id ; idx < p->combos_filament.size(); ++idx) {
+            p->combos_filament[idx]->update();
+        }
     }
 
     update_filaments_area_height(); // ORCA
@@ -5368,15 +5369,22 @@ void Sidebar::delete_filament(size_t filament_id, int replace_filament_id) {
         filament_id = filament_count;
     }
 
-    if (filament_id > filament_count)
+    // Mixed (virtual) slots have no combo of their own, so their config index lies past
+    // filament_count; bound explicit ids by the total slot count instead.
+    size_t total_filaments = wxGetApp().preset_bundle->filament_presets.size();
+    if (filament_id > filament_count && filament_id >= total_filaments)
         return;
 
-    if (wxGetApp().preset_bundle->is_the_only_edited_filament(filament_id) || (filament_id == 0)) {
-        wxGetApp().get_tab(Preset::TYPE_FILAMENT)->select_preset(wxGetApp().preset_bundle->filament_presets[0], false, "", true);
-    }
+    bool is_mixed = (filament_id >= p->combos_filament.size());
 
-    if (p->editing_filament == filament_id || p->editing_filament >= filament_count) {
-        p->editing_filament = -1;
+    if (!is_mixed) {
+        if (wxGetApp().preset_bundle->is_the_only_edited_filament(filament_id) || (filament_id == 0)) {
+            wxGetApp().get_tab(Preset::TYPE_FILAMENT)->select_preset(wxGetApp().preset_bundle->filament_presets[0], false, "", true);
+        }
+
+        if (p->editing_filament == filament_id || p->editing_filament >= filament_count) {
+            p->editing_filament = -1;
+        }
     }
 
     // update_num_filaments() shrinks filament_is_mixed along with the other per-filament arrays,
@@ -5387,8 +5395,12 @@ void Sidebar::delete_filament(size_t filament_id, int replace_filament_id) {
         is_mixed_snapshot = opt->values;
 
     wxGetApp().preset_bundle->update_num_filaments(filament_id);
-    wxGetApp().plater()->get_partplate_list().on_filament_deleted(filament_count, filament_id);
-    wxGetApp().plater()->on_filaments_delete(filament_count, filament_id, replace_filament_id > (int)filament_id ? (replace_filament_id - 1) : replace_filament_id, is_mixed_snapshot);
+
+    // filament_count only counts physical combos, so with mixed slots present it is not the
+    // new number of slots; recompute from the shrunk preset list for the downstream updates.
+    size_t total_after_delete = wxGetApp().preset_bundle->filament_presets.size();
+    wxGetApp().plater()->get_partplate_list().on_filament_deleted(total_after_delete, filament_id);
+    wxGetApp().plater()->on_filaments_delete(total_after_delete, filament_id, replace_filament_id > (int)filament_id ? (replace_filament_id - 1) : replace_filament_id, is_mixed_snapshot);
     wxGetApp().get_tab(Preset::TYPE_PRINT)->update();
     wxGetApp().preset_bundle->export_selections(*wxGetApp().app_config);
 
@@ -19495,8 +19507,10 @@ void Plater::on_filaments_delete(size_t num_filaments, size_t filament_id, int r
         }
     }
 
-    // update UI
-    sidebar().on_filaments_delete(filament_id);
+    // update object/volume/support(object and volume) filament id
+    // Must run before UI update which triggers update_mixed_filament_list() →
+    // update_objects_list_filament_column() that clips extruders above total count.
+    sidebar().obj_list()->update_objects_list_filament_column_when_delete_filament(filament_id, num_filaments, replace_filament_id);
 
     // update global support filament
     static const char *keys[] = {"support_filament", "support_interface_filament"};
@@ -19510,8 +19524,8 @@ void Plater::on_filaments_delete(size_t num_filaments, size_t filament_id, int r
             }
         }
 
-    // update object/volume/support(object and volume) filament id
-    sidebar().obj_list()->update_objects_list_filament_column_when_delete_filament(filament_id, num_filaments, replace_filament_id);
+    // update UI — runs after remap so update_mixed_filament_list() won't clip remapped extruder IDs
+    sidebar().on_filaments_delete(filament_id);
 
     // update customize gcode
     for (auto item = p->model.plates_custom_gcodes.begin(); item != p->model.plates_custom_gcodes.end(); ++item) {

From 2131ef05605280c86cfb39d5508f7111a6422a47 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: SoftFever <softfeverever@gmail.com>
Date: Sat, 22 Aug 2026 17:10:47 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 20/51] Keep mixed filaments across app restarts

---
 src/libslic3r/PresetBundle.cpp                | 111 ++++++++++--------
 .../libslic3r/test_preset_bundle_loading.cpp  |  29 ++---
 2 files changed, 74 insertions(+), 66 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/libslic3r/PresetBundle.cpp b/src/libslic3r/PresetBundle.cpp
index 244a9e6607..74d48118e6 100644
--- a/src/libslic3r/PresetBundle.cpp
+++ b/src/libslic3r/PresetBundle.cpp
@@ -2716,28 +2716,53 @@ void PresetBundle::load_installed_sla_materials(AppConfig &config)
 }
 
 // Mixed-color filament metadata is project state, carried in the 3mf's project_settings.config.
-// As in BambuStudio it also gets a single GLOBAL app-config snapshot, restored once at startup so
-// the last session's mixes are there before any project is opened; a project load then overwrites
-// them through s_project_options. It is deliberately not a per-printer snapshot: the component ids
-// in filament_mixed_components are 1-based indices into the project's filament list, so re-applying
-// a printer's copy on every printer change would silently replace a loaded project's mixes.
-// Mirrors PresetBundle::load_selections in BambuStudio.
-static void load_mixed_filament_settings(DynamicPrintConfig &project_config, const AppConfig &config, size_t n_filaments)
+// BambuStudio also snapshots it in the app config so the last session's mixes are back before any
+// project is opened; there the filament list itself is a single global snapshot, so the mixed
+// arrays live next to it in the global "presets" section. Orca's per-printer preset memory instead
+// rebuilds the filament list from the selected printer's snapshot (filament_%02u/filament_colors)
+// on startup AND on every printer selection — so the mixed arrays, whose component ids are 1-based
+// indices into exactly that list, must live in the same per-printer snapshot or they end up
+// describing a list they were never saved against (and previously got reset on every printer
+// select, losing the mixes over a restart).
+// Missing keys clear the arrays: a printer with no stored mixes must not inherit another's.
+// fallback_to_global additionally reads the legacy shared "presets" keys (the old format) so a
+// config saved by an earlier build still restores at startup; export_selections clears that
+// section on the next save.
+static void load_mixed_filament_settings(DynamicPrintConfig &project_config, AppConfig &config,
+                                         const std::string &printer_name, size_t n_filaments,
+                                         bool fallback_to_global)
 {
+    auto raw_value = [&](const char *key, bool &found) -> std::string {
+        if (config.has_printer_setting(printer_name, key)) {
+            found = true;
+            return config.get_printer_setting(printer_name, key);
+        }
+        if (fallback_to_global && config.has("presets", key)) {
+            found = true;
+            return config.get("presets", key);
+        }
+        found = false;
+        return std::string{};
+    };
     std::vector<std::string> parts;
     auto load_bools = [&](const char *key) {
         auto &vals = project_config.option<ConfigOptionBools>(key)->values;
-        if (config.has("presets", key)) {
-            boost::algorithm::split(parts, config.get("presets", key), boost::algorithm::is_any_of(","));
-            vals.clear();
+        vals.clear();
+        bool found = false;
+        const std::string s = raw_value(key, found);
+        if (found && !s.empty()) {
+            boost::algorithm::split(parts, s, boost::algorithm::is_any_of(","));
             for (const auto &p : parts) vals.push_back(p == "1");
         }
         vals.resize(n_filaments, false);
     };
     auto load_strings = [&](const char *key) {
         auto &vals = project_config.option<ConfigOptionStrings>(key)->values;
-        if (config.has("presets", key)) {
-            boost::algorithm::split(parts, config.get("presets", key), boost::algorithm::is_any_of("|"));
+        vals.clear();
+        bool found = false;
+        const std::string s = raw_value(key, found);
+        if (found && !s.empty()) {
+            boost::algorithm::split(parts, s, boost::algorithm::is_any_of("|"));
             vals = parts;
         }
         vals.resize(n_filaments, std::string{});
@@ -2754,9 +2779,12 @@ static void load_mixed_filament_settings(DynamicPrintConfig &project_config, con
     // control points), so it is stored C-style escaped rather than '|'-joined.
     {
         auto &vals = project_config.option<ConfigOptionStrings>("filament_mixed_gradient_curve")->values;
-        if (config.has("presets", "filament_mixed_gradient_curve")) {
+        vals.clear();
+        bool found = false;
+        const std::string s = raw_value("filament_mixed_gradient_curve", found);
+        if (found && !s.empty()) {
             std::vector<std::string> curves;
-            if (unescape_strings_cstyle(config.get("presets", "filament_mixed_gradient_curve"), curves))
+            if (unescape_strings_cstyle(s, curves))
                 vals = std::move(curves);
         }
         vals.resize(n_filaments, std::string{});
@@ -2766,30 +2794,6 @@ static void load_mixed_filament_settings(DynamicPrintConfig &project_config, con
     }
 }
 
-// Orca's per-printer preset memory (update_selections, which BambuStudio has no equivalent of)
-// rebuilds the filament list wholesale from that printer's snapshot, presets and colours included.
-// Any existing mix then describes filaments that are no longer there, so clear the arrays and size
-// them to the new filament count rather than carrying stale component indices across.
-static void reset_mixed_filament_settings(DynamicPrintConfig &project_config, size_t n_filaments)
-{
-    auto reset_bools = [&](const char *opt_key) {
-        auto &vals = project_config.option<ConfigOptionBools>(opt_key)->values;
-        vals.assign(n_filaments, false);
-    };
-    auto reset_strings = [&](const char *opt_key) {
-        auto &vals = project_config.option<ConfigOptionStrings>(opt_key)->values;
-        vals.assign(n_filaments, std::string{});
-    };
-
-    reset_bools("filament_is_mixed");
-    reset_strings("filament_mixed_components");
-    reset_strings("filament_mixed_sublayer_ratios");
-    reset_bools("filament_mixed_gradient");
-    reset_strings("filament_mixed_gradient_range");
-    reset_strings("filament_mixed_gradient_curve");
-    reset_bools("filament_mixed_gradient_per_part");
-}
-
 void PresetBundle::update_selections(AppConfig &config)
 {
     std::string initial_printer_profile_name    = printers.get_selected_preset_name();
@@ -2870,7 +2874,9 @@ void PresetBundle::update_selections(AppConfig &config)
         auto flush_multipliers = matrix | boost::adaptors::transformed(boost::lexical_cast<double, std::string>);
         project_config.option<ConfigOptionFloats>("flush_multiplier")->values = std::vector<double>(flush_multipliers.begin(), flush_multipliers.end());
     }
-    reset_mixed_filament_settings(project_config, filament_presets.size());
+    // No global fallback here: on a printer change the legacy shared keys describe another
+    // printer's filament list, so absent per-printer keys must clear the mixes, not revive them.
+    load_mixed_filament_settings(project_config, config, initial_printer_profile_name, filament_presets.size(), false);
 
     // Update visibility of presets based on their compatibility with the active printer.
     // Always try to select a compatible print and filament preset to the current printer preset,
@@ -3021,7 +3027,7 @@ void PresetBundle::load_selections(AppConfig &config, const PresetPreferences& p
         auto flush_multipliers = matrix | boost::adaptors::transformed(boost::lexical_cast<double, std::string>);
         project_config.option<ConfigOptionFloats>("flush_multiplier")->values = std::vector<double>(flush_multipliers.begin(), flush_multipliers.end());
     }
-    load_mixed_filament_settings(project_config, config, filament_presets.size());
+    load_mixed_filament_settings(project_config, config, initial_printer_profile_name, filament_presets.size(), true);
 
     // Update visibility of presets based on their compatibility with the active printer.
     // Always try to select a compatible print and filament preset to the current printer preset,
@@ -3156,11 +3162,12 @@ void PresetBundle::export_selections(AppConfig &config)
                                                               "|");
     config.set_printer_setting(printer_name, "flush_multiplier", flush_multiplier_str);
 
-    // Mixed-color filament metadata: a single global snapshot, restored by load_selections at
-    // startup (see the comment there). Written to the shared "presets" section rather than to this
-    // printer's settings on purpose — a per-printer copy is re-applied on every printer change and
-    // replaces a loaded project's mixes. Bools are ','-joined; the component/ratio/range strings
-    // are '|'-joined; the gradient curve is escaped instead, because its values contain '|'.
+    // Mixed-color filament metadata: stored in the per-printer snapshot next to the filament
+    // list it indexes (filament_%02u / filament_colors), so each printer's remembered config
+    // round-trips its own mixes and re-applying a snapshot never leaves the arrays describing a
+    // different list (see load_mixed_filament_settings). Bools are ','-joined; the
+    // component/ratio/range strings are '|'-joined; the gradient curve is escaped instead,
+    // because its values contain '|'.
     auto join_bools = [](const std::vector<unsigned char> &vals) {
         std::string s;
         for (size_t i = 0; i < vals.size(); ++i) {
@@ -3170,19 +3177,19 @@ void PresetBundle::export_selections(AppConfig &config)
         return s;
     };
     if (auto *opt = project_config.option<ConfigOptionBools>("filament_is_mixed"))
-        config.set("presets", "filament_is_mixed", join_bools(opt->values));
+        config.set_printer_setting(printer_name, "filament_is_mixed", join_bools(opt->values));
     if (auto *opt = project_config.option<ConfigOptionStrings>("filament_mixed_components"))
-        config.set("presets", "filament_mixed_components", boost::algorithm::join(opt->values, "|"));
+        config.set_printer_setting(printer_name, "filament_mixed_components", boost::algorithm::join(opt->values, "|"));
     if (auto *opt = project_config.option<ConfigOptionStrings>("filament_mixed_sublayer_ratios"))
-        config.set("presets", "filament_mixed_sublayer_ratios", boost::algorithm::join(opt->values, "|"));
+        config.set_printer_setting(printer_name, "filament_mixed_sublayer_ratios", boost::algorithm::join(opt->values, "|"));
     if (auto *opt = project_config.option<ConfigOptionBools>("filament_mixed_gradient"))
-        config.set("presets", "filament_mixed_gradient", join_bools(opt->values));
+        config.set_printer_setting(printer_name, "filament_mixed_gradient", join_bools(opt->values));
     if (auto *opt = project_config.option<ConfigOptionStrings>("filament_mixed_gradient_range"))
-        config.set("presets", "filament_mixed_gradient_range", boost::algorithm::join(opt->values, "|"));
+        config.set_printer_setting(printer_name, "filament_mixed_gradient_range", boost::algorithm::join(opt->values, "|"));
     if (auto *opt = project_config.option<ConfigOptionStrings>("filament_mixed_gradient_curve"))
-        config.set("presets", "filament_mixed_gradient_curve", escape_strings_cstyle(opt->values));
+        config.set_printer_setting(printer_name, "filament_mixed_gradient_curve", escape_strings_cstyle(opt->values));
     if (auto *opt = project_config.option<ConfigOptionBools>("filament_mixed_gradient_per_part"))
-        config.set("presets", "filament_mixed_gradient_per_part", join_bools(opt->values));
+        config.set_printer_setting(printer_name, "filament_mixed_gradient_per_part", join_bools(opt->values));
 
     // BBS
     //config.set("presets", "sla_print",    sla_prints.get_selected_preset_name());
diff --git a/tests/libslic3r/test_preset_bundle_loading.cpp b/tests/libslic3r/test_preset_bundle_loading.cpp
index 47cf7d5c43..0fb6f3e2f8 100644
--- a/tests/libslic3r/test_preset_bundle_loading.cpp
+++ b/tests/libslic3r/test_preset_bundle_loading.cpp
@@ -614,13 +614,13 @@ TEST_CASE("set_num_filaments keeps mixed-color arrays in step with the filament
     }
 }
 
-// A mix is described by 1-based indices into the project's filament list, so it is only meaningful
-// alongside that list. As in BambuStudio the app-config snapshot is global — one "last session"
-// copy under the shared "presets" section, restored at startup only. A PER-PRINTER copy would be
-// re-applied on every printer change and would replace a loaded project's mixes with whatever
-// snapshot that printer last held, which also shrinks the filament count and makes reload_scene
-// strip painted facets above it.
-TEST_CASE("Mixed-color filament metadata is snapshotted globally, never per printer", "[Preset][Bundle][FilamentMixer]")
+// A mix is described by 1-based indices into the project's filament list. Orca's per-printer
+// preset memory rebuilds that list from the selected printer's snapshot (filament_%02u /
+// filament_colors) at startup and on every printer selection, so the mixed arrays must be stored
+// in the SAME per-printer snapshot: kept globally (as BambuStudio does — its filament list is a
+// single global snapshot too) they end up indexing a list they were never saved against, and used
+// to be reset on every printer selection instead, losing the mixes over an app restart.
+TEST_CASE("Mixed-color filament metadata is snapshotted per printer, with its filament list", "[Preset][Bundle][FilamentMixer]")
 {
     PresetBundle bundle;
     // export_selections skips the built-in "Default Printer" placeholder entirely.
@@ -636,16 +636,16 @@ TEST_CASE("Mixed-color filament metadata is snapshotted globally, never per prin
 
     const std::string printer_name = bundle.printers.get_selected_preset_name();
     for (const char *key : kMixedKeys) {
-        DYNAMIC_SECTION("global, not per printer: " << key) {
-            CHECK(app_config.has("presets", key));
-            CHECK_FALSE(app_config.has_printer_setting(printer_name, key));
+        DYNAMIC_SECTION("per printer, not global: " << key) {
+            CHECK(app_config.has_printer_setting(printer_name, key));
+            CHECK_FALSE(app_config.has("presets", key));
         }
     }
 
     SECTION("with the encoding load_selections reads back") {
-        CHECK(app_config.get("presets", "filament_is_mixed") == "0,1");
-        CHECK(app_config.get("presets", "filament_mixed_components") == "|1,2");
-        CHECK(app_config.get("presets", "filament_mixed_sublayer_ratios") == "|0.5,0.5");
+        CHECK(app_config.get_printer_setting(printer_name, "filament_is_mixed") == "0,1");
+        CHECK(app_config.get_printer_setting(printer_name, "filament_mixed_components") == "|1,2");
+        CHECK(app_config.get_printer_setting(printer_name, "filament_mixed_sublayer_ratios") == "|0.5,0.5");
     }
 }
 
@@ -668,7 +668,8 @@ TEST_CASE("A multi-point gradient curve survives the app-config snapshot", "[Pre
     // Decoding the stored form returns the three slots intact, curve delimiters and all. A plain
     // '|' join would decode as five slots here instead of three.
     std::vector<std::string> decoded;
-    REQUIRE(unescape_strings_cstyle(app_config.get("presets", "filament_mixed_gradient_curve"), decoded));
+    REQUIRE(unescape_strings_cstyle(
+        app_config.get_printer_setting(bundle.printers.get_selected_preset_name(), "filament_mixed_gradient_curve"), decoded));
     CHECK(decoded == curves);
 }
 

From 0c3d7c6ed1978c7f863c68b27b649b92ad9f23e6 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: SoftFever <softfeverever@gmail.com>
Date: Sat, 22 Aug 2026 21:14:08 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 21/51] Expand mixed slots in by-object filament bookkeeping

---
 src/libslic3r/Print.cpp                 | 29 ++++++++--
 tests/fff_print/test_mixed_filament.cpp | 76 +++++++++++++++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 99 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/libslic3r/Print.cpp b/src/libslic3r/Print.cpp
index b50a6b9d43..3cd42eb96e 100644
--- a/src/libslic3r/Print.cpp
+++ b/src/libslic3r/Print.cpp
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 #include "Brim.hpp"
 #include "ClipperUtils.hpp"
 #include "Extruder.hpp"
+#include "FilamentMixer.hpp"
 #include "Flow.hpp"
 #include "Geometry/ConvexHull.hpp"
 #include "I18N.hpp"
@@ -2601,28 +2602,38 @@ void Print::process(long long *time_cost_with_cache, bool use_cache)
         if (this->config().print_sequence == PrintSequence::ByObject) {
             // Order object instances for sequential print.
             print_object_instances_ordering = sort_object_instances_by_model_order(*this);
+            // A mixed slot is virtual; only its components reach a nozzle. These per-object orderings
+            // are unsorted (no resolve_mixed_filaments), so expand the slots here for the grouping, the
+            // unprintable sets and the slice-used lists. No-op without mixed filaments.
+            // Orca: the slice-used lists stay sourced from these expanded lists rather than from the
+            // sorted orderings (which may add the wipe-tower filament or seed dontcare layers
+            // differently), so prints without mixed filaments keep their used-filament set; the
+            // first-layer set therefore lists every component of a mixed slot, not just the one layer 0
+            // resolves to.
+            const auto &is_mixed  = m_config.filament_is_mixed.values;
+            const auto &comp_strs = m_config.filament_mixed_components.values;
+            const bool  has_mixed = has_any_mixed_filament(is_mixed);
             std::vector<unsigned int> first_layer_used_filaments;
-            std::vector<unsigned int> used_mixed_filaments;
             std::vector<std::vector<unsigned int>> all_filaments;
             for (print_object_instance_sequential_active = print_object_instances_ordering.begin(); print_object_instance_sequential_active != print_object_instances_ordering.end(); ++print_object_instance_sequential_active) {
                 tool_ordering = ToolOrdering(*(*print_object_instance_sequential_active)->print_object, initial_extruder_id);
                 for (size_t idx = 0; idx < tool_ordering.layer_tools().size(); ++idx) {
-                    auto& layer_filament = tool_ordering.layer_tools()[idx].extruders;
+                    auto layer_filament = tool_ordering.layer_tools()[idx].extruders;
+                    if (has_mixed)
+                        layer_filament = expand_mixed_filaments(layer_filament, is_mixed, comp_strs);
                     all_filaments.emplace_back(layer_filament);
                     if (idx == 0)
                         first_layer_used_filaments.insert(first_layer_used_filaments.end(), layer_filament.begin(), layer_filament.end());
                 }
-                used_mixed_filaments.insert(used_mixed_filaments.end(),
-                    tool_ordering.used_mixed_filaments().begin(), tool_ordering.used_mixed_filaments().end());
             }
             sort_remove_duplicates(first_layer_used_filaments);
-            sort_remove_duplicates(used_mixed_filaments);
             auto used_filaments = collect_sorted_used_filaments(all_filaments);
             this->set_slice_used_filaments(first_layer_used_filaments,used_filaments);
-            this->set_slice_used_mixed_filaments(used_mixed_filaments);
 
             auto physical_unprintables = this->get_physical_unprintable_filaments(used_filaments);
             auto geometric_unprintables = this->get_geometric_unprintable_filaments();
+            if (has_mixed)
+                expand_mixed_slots_in_unprintables(geometric_unprintables, is_mixed, comp_strs);
             auto filament_unprintable_volumes = this->get_filament_unprintable_flow(used_filaments);
             // Selector (per-layer regroup) prints skip the static grouping: their print-wide result
             // is stitched from the per-object plans after the ordering loop below.
@@ -2674,6 +2685,7 @@ void Print::process(long long *time_cost_with_cache, bool use_cache)
             std::vector<std::vector<int>>          nozzle_map_per_layer;
             std::vector<std::vector<unsigned int>> stitched_layer_filaments;
             print_object_instance_sequential_active = print_object_instances_ordering.begin();
+            std::vector<unsigned int> used_mixed_filaments;
             for (; print_object_instance_sequential_active != print_object_instances_ordering.end(); ++print_object_instance_sequential_active) {
                 const PrintObject *print_object = (*print_object_instance_sequential_active)->print_object;
                 if (dynamic_reorder) {
@@ -2705,10 +2717,15 @@ void Print::process(long long *time_cost_with_cache, bool use_cache)
                     if (!tool_ordering.layer_tools().empty())
                         seq_mixed_resolution[print_object->id()] = tool_ordering.layer_tools().front().mixed_filament_resolution;
                 }
+                // Only sorted orderings have run resolve_mixed_filaments, so only they know which
+                // mixed slots actually print.
+                append(used_mixed_filaments, tool_ordering.used_mixed_filaments());
                 if ((initial_extruder_id = tool_ordering.first_extruder()) != static_cast<unsigned int>(-1)) {
                     append(printExtruders, tool_ordering.tools_for_layer(layers_to_print.front().first).extruders);
                 }
             }
+            sort_remove_duplicates(used_mixed_filaments);
+            this->set_slice_used_mixed_filaments(used_mixed_filaments);
             if (dynamic_reorder && m_objects.size() > 1) {
                 // Stitch the per-object plans into one print-wide selector result. A single-object
                 // sequential print publishes (and writes back) from its own ordering instead: the
diff --git a/tests/fff_print/test_mixed_filament.cpp b/tests/fff_print/test_mixed_filament.cpp
index 4f4d914cc2..84a3270605 100644
--- a/tests/fff_print/test_mixed_filament.cpp
+++ b/tests/fff_print/test_mixed_filament.cpp
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 #include <catch2/catch_all.hpp>
 
 #include "libslic3r/GCode/ToolOrdering.hpp"
+#include "libslic3r/MultiNozzleUtils.hpp"
 #include "libslic3r/Print.hpp"
 
 #include "test_helpers.hpp"
@@ -135,3 +136,78 @@ TEST_CASE("Whole-layer mixing emits only the nominal layer height", "[MixedFilam
     CHECK(gc.find(";HEIGHT:0.12") == std::string::npos);
     CHECK(gc.find(";HEIGHT:0.08") == std::string::npos);
 }
+
+TEST_CASE("By-object prints without mixed filaments keep their used-filament set", "[MixedFilament]")
+{
+    // Regression guard for the mixed gate: with no mixed slot the by-object bookkeeping must
+    // be untouched by this change. Object 2 prints with filament 2, so both filaments are used
+    // and no mixed filament is reported.
+    DynamicPrintConfig config = multifilament_config(2, {{"print_sequence", "by object"}});
+    const std::vector<std::vector<ConfigBase::SetDeserializeItem>> overrides{ {}, { {"extruder", "2"} } };
+
+    Print print;
+    Model model;
+    init_print(std::vector<TriangleMesh>{cube(20), cube(20)}, print, model, config, &overrides);
+    REQUIRE(print.objects().size() == 2);
+    print.process();
+
+    CHECK(print.get_slice_used_filaments(false) == std::vector<unsigned int>{0, 1});
+    CHECK(print.get_slice_used_filaments(true) == std::vector<unsigned int>{0, 1});
+    CHECK(print.get_slice_used_mixed_filaments().empty());
+}
+
+TEST_CASE("By-layer prints record a mixed slot's components and the slot itself", "[MixedFilament]")
+{
+    // Control for the by-object case below: the by-layer path publishes the physical
+    // components (0-based 0 and 1) as used filaments and the mixed slot (config index 2) as
+    // a used mixed filament. By-object prints must report exactly the same.
+    Print print;
+    Model model;
+    init_print({cube(20)}, print, model, mixed_config(false));
+    print.process();
+
+    CHECK(print.get_slice_used_filaments(false) == std::vector<unsigned int>{0, 1});
+    CHECK(print.get_slice_used_mixed_filaments() == std::vector<unsigned int>{2});
+}
+
+TEST_CASE("By-object prints expand a mixed slot to its components in the slice bookkeeping", "[MixedFilament]")
+{
+    // Sequential prints build their filament lists from unsorted per-object orderings, which
+    // still carry the virtual slot (config index 2). The slice-used sets and the published
+    // grouping result must see the physical components 0 and 1 instead, and the slot itself
+    // must still be reported as a used mixed filament — exactly what the by-layer path yields.
+    DynamicPrintConfig config = mixed_config(false);
+    config.set_deserialize_strict({{"print_sequence", "by object"}});
+
+    Print print;
+    Model model;
+    init_print({cube(20), cube(20)}, print, model, config);
+    REQUIRE(print.objects().size() == 2);
+    print.process();
+
+    const std::vector<unsigned int> components{0, 1};
+    CHECK(print.get_slice_used_filaments(false) == components);
+    CHECK(print.get_slice_used_filaments(true) == components);
+    CHECK(print.get_slice_used_mixed_filaments() == std::vector<unsigned int>{2});
+
+    auto group_result = print.get_layered_nozzle_group_result();
+    REQUIRE(group_result != nullptr);
+    CHECK(group_result->get_used_filaments() == components);
+}
+
+TEST_CASE("By-object G-code lists a mixed slot's components in the filament header", "[MixedFilament]")
+{
+    DynamicPrintConfig config = mixed_config(false);
+    config.set_deserialize_strict({{"print_sequence", "by object"}});
+
+    Print print;
+    Model model;
+    init_print({cube(20), cube(20)}, print, model, config);
+    const std::string gc = Slic3r::Test::gcode(print);
+
+    REQUIRE(!gc.empty());
+    // The header names the filaments that must be loaded (components 1 and 2, 1-based),
+    // never the virtual slot 3.
+    CHECK(gc.find("; filament: 1,2\n") != std::string::npos);
+    CHECK(gc.find("; filament: 3") == std::string::npos);
+}

From 8965b0be210bf4c92844fe99efdd36c1a15017fd Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: SoftFever <softfeverever@gmail.com>
Date: Sat, 22 Aug 2026 21:22:25 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 22/51] Skip mixed slots in flush volume auto-calculation

Mixed-colour slots are virtual and never flushed. Guard auto_calc_flushing_volumes_internal against them as BambuStudio does, and make the flushing dialog's default matrix and the sidebar 'modified' comparison physical-only so the untouched mixed rows no longer count as a user edit and the Re-calculate result matches the physical-only table.
---
 src/slic3r/GUI/Plater.cpp          |  6 +++
 src/slic3r/GUI/WipeTowerDialog.cpp | 71 +++++++++++++++---------------
 2 files changed, 42 insertions(+), 35 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/slic3r/GUI/Plater.cpp b/src/slic3r/GUI/Plater.cpp
index 4676ff3c4b..479b91e098 100644
--- a/src/slic3r/GUI/Plater.cpp
+++ b/src/slic3r/GUI/Plater.cpp
@@ -6477,6 +6477,10 @@ void Sidebar::auto_calc_flushing_volumes(const int filament_idx, const int extru
 void Sidebar::auto_calc_flushing_volumes_internal(const int modify_id, const int extruder_id)
 {
     auto& preset_bundle = wxGetApp().preset_bundle;
+    // A mixed-colour slot is virtual and is never flushed to or from: leave its row and column
+    // alone (the flushing dialog hides them and only compares physical slots).
+    if (modify_id >= 0 && preset_bundle->is_mixed_filament((size_t)modify_id))
+        return;
     auto& project_config = preset_bundle->project_config;
     const auto& full_config = wxGetApp().preset_bundle->full_config();
     auto& ams_multi_color_filament = preset_bundle->ams_multi_color_filment;
@@ -6515,6 +6519,8 @@ void Sidebar::auto_calc_flushing_volumes_internal(const int modify_id, const int
 
     if (modify_id >= 0 && modify_id < multi_colours.size()) {
         for (int i = 0; i < multi_colours.size(); ++i) {
+            if (preset_bundle->is_mixed_filament((size_t)i))
+                continue;
             // from to modify
             int from_idx = i;
             if (from_idx != modify_id) {
diff --git a/src/slic3r/GUI/WipeTowerDialog.cpp b/src/slic3r/GUI/WipeTowerDialog.cpp
index f1d0946bf5..70aba0404e 100644
--- a/src/slic3r/GUI/WipeTowerDialog.cpp
+++ b/src/slic3r/GUI/WipeTowerDialog.cpp
@@ -204,6 +204,10 @@ bool is_flush_config_modified()
     const auto                &project_config    = wxGetApp().preset_bundle->project_config;
     const std::vector<double> &config_matrix     = (project_config.option<ConfigOptionFloats>("flush_volumes_matrix"))->values;
     const std::vector<double> &config_multiplier = (project_config.option<ConfigOptionFloats>("flush_multiplier"))->values;
+    // The config matrix is N x N per nozzle over every slot, while CalcFlushingVolumes is p x p
+    // over the physical slots (mixed slots never flush): map each default cell to its config index.
+    const auto   physical_indices = wxGetApp().preset_bundle->physical_filament_config_indices();
+    const size_t full_n           = project_config.option<ConfigOptionStrings>("filament_colour")->values.size();
 
     bool has_modify = false;
     for (int i = 0; i < config_multiplier.size(); i++) {
@@ -212,11 +216,12 @@ bool is_flush_config_modified()
             break;
         }
         std::vector<std::vector<double>> default_matrix = WipingDialog::CalcFlushingVolumes(i);
-        int len = default_matrix.size();
-        for (int m = 0; m < len; m++) {
-            for (int n = 0; n < len; n++) {
-                int idx = i * len * len + m * len + n;
-                if (config_matrix[idx] != default_matrix[m][n] * config_multiplier[i]) {
+        size_t p_len         = default_matrix.size();
+        size_t nozzle_offset = i * full_n * full_n;
+        for (size_t m = 0; m < p_len; m++) {
+            for (size_t n = 0; n < p_len; n++) {
+                size_t cfg_idx = nozzle_offset + physical_indices[m] * full_n + physical_indices[n];
+                if (cfg_idx < config_matrix.size() && config_matrix[cfg_idx] != default_matrix[m][n] * config_multiplier[i]) {
                     has_modify = true;
                     break;
                 }
@@ -571,55 +576,51 @@ WipingDialog::VolumeMatrix WipingDialog::CalcFlushingVolumes(int extruder_id)
     auto& preset_bundle = wxGetApp().preset_bundle;
     auto full_config = preset_bundle->full_config();
     auto& ams_multi_color_filament = preset_bundle->ams_multi_color_filment;
+    // Mixed-colour slots are virtual and never flushed: compute a p x p matrix over the physical
+    // slots only, laid out like the table; row/column k belongs to config slot physical_indices[k].
+    auto physical_indices = preset_bundle->physical_filament_config_indices();
 
-    std::vector<std::string> filament_color_strs = full_config.option<ConfigOptionStrings>("filament_colour")->values;
-    std::vector<std::vector<wxColour>> multi_colors;
-    std::vector<wxColour> filament_colors;
-    for (auto color_str : filament_color_strs)
-        filament_colors.emplace_back(color_str);
-
+    std::vector<std::string> all_color_strs = full_config.option<ConfigOptionStrings>("filament_colour")->values;
     int flush_dataset_value = full_config.option<ConfigOptionIntsNullable>("nozzle_flush_dataset")->values[extruder_id];
+    const std::vector<int> min_flush_volumes = get_min_flush_volumes(full_config, extruder_id);
+
     // Support for multi-color filament
-    for (int i = 0; i < filament_colors.size(); ++i) {
+    std::vector<std::vector<wxColour>> multi_colors;
+    for (size_t cfg_idx : physical_indices) {
         std::vector<wxColour> single_filament;
-        if (i < ams_multi_color_filament.size()) {
-            if (!ams_multi_color_filament[i].empty()) {
-                std::vector<std::string> colors = ams_multi_color_filament[i];
-                for (int j = 0; j < colors.size(); ++j) {
-                    single_filament.push_back(wxColour(colors[j]));
-                }
-                multi_colors.push_back(single_filament);
-                continue;
-            }
+        if (cfg_idx < ams_multi_color_filament.size() && !ams_multi_color_filament[cfg_idx].empty()) {
+            for (const auto& c : ams_multi_color_filament[cfg_idx])
+                single_filament.push_back(wxColour(c));
+        } else if (cfg_idx < all_color_strs.size()) {
+            single_filament.push_back(wxColour(all_color_strs[cfg_idx]));
         }
-        single_filament.push_back(wxColour(filament_colors[i]));
         multi_colors.push_back(single_filament);
     }
 
     VolumeMatrix matrix;
-    const std::vector<int> min_flush_volumes = get_min_flush_volumes(full_config, extruder_id);
-
-    for (int from_idx = 0; from_idx < multi_colors.size(); ++from_idx) {
-        bool is_from_support = is_support_filament(from_idx);
+    for (size_t pi = 0; pi < physical_indices.size(); ++pi) {
+        int from_cfg = (int)physical_indices[pi];
+        bool is_from_support = is_support_filament(from_cfg);
         matrix.emplace_back();
-        for (int to_idx = 0; to_idx < multi_colors.size(); ++to_idx) {
-            if (from_idx == to_idx) {
+        for (size_t pj = 0; pj < physical_indices.size(); ++pj) {
+            int to_cfg = (int)physical_indices[pj];
+            if (from_cfg == to_cfg) {
                 matrix.back().emplace_back(0);
                 continue;
             }
 
-            bool is_to_support = is_support_filament(to_idx);
-
+            bool is_to_support = is_support_filament(to_cfg);
             int flushing_volume = 0;
             if (is_to_support) {
                 flushing_volume = Slic3r::g_flush_volume_to_support;
             }
             else {
-                for (int i = 0; i < multi_colors[from_idx].size(); ++i) {
-                    const wxColour& from = multi_colors[from_idx][i];
-                    for (int j = 0; j < multi_colors[to_idx].size(); ++j) {
-                        const wxColour& to = multi_colors[to_idx][j];
-                        int volume = CalcFlushingVolume(from, to, min_flush_volumes[from_idx], flush_dataset_value);
+                int min_flush_from = (from_cfg < (int)min_flush_volumes.size()) ? min_flush_volumes[from_cfg] : 0;
+                for (size_t i = 0; i < multi_colors[pi].size(); ++i) {
+                    const wxColour& from = multi_colors[pi][i];
+                    for (size_t j = 0; j < multi_colors[pj].size(); ++j) {
+                        const wxColour& to = multi_colors[pj][j];
+                        int volume = CalcFlushingVolume(from, to, min_flush_from, flush_dataset_value);
                         flushing_volume = std::max(flushing_volume, volume);
                     }
                 }

From 716bba53df8f64ae033d61437a68e8f0c46dde85 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: SoftFever <softfeverever@gmail.com>
Date: Sat, 22 Aug 2026 23:52:11 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 23/51] Refuse to slice a broken mixed filament

---
 src/slic3r/GUI/Plater.cpp | 15 +++++++++++++--
 1 file changed, 13 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/slic3r/GUI/Plater.cpp b/src/slic3r/GUI/Plater.cpp
index 479b91e098..3b91de019c 100644
--- a/src/slic3r/GUI/Plater.cpp
+++ b/src/slic3r/GUI/Plater.cpp
@@ -11575,9 +11575,11 @@ void Plater::priv::set_current_panel(wxPanel* panel, bool no_slice)
             if (current_plate->is_slice_result_valid() && this->model.objects.empty() && !current_has_print_instances)
                 only_has_gcode_need_preview = true;
 
-            BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(info) << __FUNCTION__ << boost::format(": from set_current_panel, no_slice %1%, export_in_progress %2%, model_fits %3%, m_is_slicing %4%")%no_slice%export_in_progress%model_fits%m_is_slicing;
+            bool mixed_broken = sidebar->has_broken_mixed_filament();
 
-            if (!no_slice && !this->model.objects.empty() && !export_in_progress && model_fits && current_has_print_instances)
+            BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(info) << __FUNCTION__ << boost::format(": from set_current_panel, no_slice %1%, export_in_progress %2%, model_fits %3%, m_is_slicing %4%, mixed_broken %5%")%no_slice%export_in_progress%model_fits%m_is_slicing%mixed_broken;
+
+            if (!no_slice && !this->model.objects.empty() && !export_in_progress && model_fits && current_has_print_instances && !mixed_broken)
             {
                 //if already running in background, not relice here
                 //BBS: add more judge for slicing
@@ -18792,6 +18794,15 @@ void Plater::reslice()
         return;
     }
 
+    // A mixed filament with deleted or type-mismatched components cannot be resolved at slicing
+    // time. MainFrame::get_enable_slice_status() already disables the Slice button for it, but the
+    // Preview-tab switch, auto-slice and queued slice events reach reslice() directly, so refuse
+    // here too instead of letting the engine slice the broken slot as a plain filament.
+    if (sidebar().has_broken_mixed_filament()) {
+        BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(warning) << __FUNCTION__ << ": broken mixed filament detected, refuse to slice";
+        return;
+    }
+
     // In case SLA gizmo is in editing mode, refuse to continue
     // and notify user that he should leave it first.
     if (get_view3D_canvas3D()->get_gizmos_manager().is_in_editing_mode(true))

From cfeca9b9ff5402be6beec4efe99801e12b6a4a15 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: SoftFever <softfeverever@gmail.com>
Date: Sun, 23 Aug 2026 00:05:34 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 24/51] Hide mixed slots from the support and wipe tower
 filament dropdowns

---
 src/slic3r/GUI/ConfigManipulation.cpp | 15 +++++----
 src/slic3r/GUI/Plater.cpp             | 46 +++++++++++++++++++++------
 2 files changed, 44 insertions(+), 17 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/slic3r/GUI/ConfigManipulation.cpp b/src/slic3r/GUI/ConfigManipulation.cpp
index 1d44d1b356..55a41a5720 100644
--- a/src/slic3r/GUI/ConfigManipulation.cpp
+++ b/src/slic3r/GUI/ConfigManipulation.cpp
@@ -578,12 +578,13 @@ void ConfigManipulation::update_print_fff_config(DynamicPrintConfig* config, con
 
     // BBS
     // A filament override naming a slot that no longer exists is stale and falls back to the
-    // plater's value. Support is additionally restricted to physical filaments: the support paths
-    // (ToolOrdering::collect_extruders, Print::validate) consume support_filament directly, with
-    // no per-layer mixed resolution, so a virtual slot there would reach the G-code unresolved.
-    // The per-feature keys have no such restriction — LayerTools::extruder() and its siblings
-    // resolve a mixed slot to the physical filament chosen for each layer.
-    static const char* support_keys[] = { "support_filament", "support_interface_filament" };
+    // plater's value. Support and the wipe tower are additionally restricted to physical filaments:
+    // the engine consumes those keys directly, with no per-layer mixed resolution, so a virtual
+    // slot there would reach the G-code unresolved. The per-feature keys have no such restriction —
+    // LayerTools::extruder() and its siblings resolve a mixed slot to the physical filament chosen
+    // for each layer. The sidebar dropdowns already hide mixed slots for the restricted keys
+    // (Plater.cpp DynamicFilamentList); this reset covers values loaded from projects.
+    static const char* physical_only_keys[] = { "support_filament", "support_interface_filament", "wipe_tower_filament" };
     static const char* feature_keys[] = { "outer_wall_filament_id", "inner_wall_filament_id",
                                           "sparse_infill_filament_id", "internal_solid_filament_id",
                                           "top_surface_filament_id", "bottom_surface_filament_id" };
@@ -607,7 +608,7 @@ void ConfigManipulation::update_print_fff_config(DynamicPrintConfig* config, con
         new_conf.set_key_value(key, new ConfigOptionInt(new_value));
         apply(config, &new_conf);
     };
-    for (const char* key : support_keys)
+    for (const char* key : physical_only_keys)
         reset_invalid_filament(key, false);
     for (const char* key : feature_keys)
         reset_invalid_filament(key, true);
diff --git a/src/slic3r/GUI/Plater.cpp b/src/slic3r/GUI/Plater.cpp
index 3b91de019c..c3a163638b 100644
--- a/src/slic3r/GUI/Plater.cpp
+++ b/src/slic3r/GUI/Plater.cpp
@@ -1096,23 +1096,38 @@ std::vector<int> get_min_flush_volumes(const DynamicPrintConfig &full_config, si
 
 struct DynamicFilamentList : DynamicList
 {
+    // Orca: support and wipe-tower keys are consumed by the engine without per-layer mixed
+    // resolution (see ConfigManipulation::update_print_fff_config), so their dropdowns list
+    // physical slots only; the per-feature *_filament_id keys keep every slot. BBS uses one
+    // physical-only list for all of its keys.
+    explicit DynamicFilamentList(bool physical_only = false) : physical_only(physical_only) {}
+    bool physical_only;
     std::vector<std::pair<wxString, wxBitmap *>> items;
+    std::vector<int> slot_map{0}; // combo index -> 1-based filament slot; slot_map[0] = 0 is "Default"
 
     void apply_on(Choice *c) override
     {
+        if (!c)
+            return;
         if (items.empty())
             update(true);
         auto cb = dynamic_cast<ComboBox *>(c->window);
+        if (!cb)
+            return;
         wxString old_selection = cb->GetStringSelection();
         int old_index  = cb->GetSelection();
+        // slot_map is already rebuilt here: restoring through it keeps the index of every slot
+        // still listed and sends a vanished slot to the fallback below.
+        int old_slot = old_index >= 0 && old_index < int(slot_map.size()) ? slot_map[old_index] : -1;
         cb->Clear();
         cb->Append(_L("Default"));
         for (auto i : items) {
             cb->Append(i.first, i.second ? *i.second : wxNullBitmap);
         }
 
-        if (old_index >= 0 && (unsigned int) old_index < cb->GetCount()) {
-            cb->SetSelection(old_index);
+        int restored = index_of(wxString::Format("%d", old_slot));
+        if (restored > 0 || old_slot == 0) {
+            cb->SetSelection(restored);
             return;
         }
 
@@ -1128,27 +1143,36 @@ struct DynamicFilamentList : DynamicList
     wxString get_value(int index) override
     {
         wxString str;
-        str << index;
+        str << (index >= 0 && index < int(slot_map.size()) ? slot_map[index] : 0);
         return str;
     }
     int index_of(wxString value) override
     {
         long n = 0;
-        return (value.ToLong(&n) && n <= items.size()) ? int(n) : -1;
+        if (!value.ToLong(&n))
+            return -1;
+        for (int i = 0; i < int(slot_map.size()); ++i)
+            if (slot_map[i] == int(n))
+                return i;
+        return 0;
     }
     void update(bool force = false)
     {
         items.clear();
+        slot_map.assign(1, 0);
         if (!force && m_choices.empty())
             return;
         auto icons = get_extruder_color_icons(true);
         auto presets = wxGetApp().preset_bundle->filament_presets;
         for (int i = 0; i < presets.size(); ++i) {
+            if (physical_only && wxGetApp().preset_bundle->is_mixed_filament(i))
+                continue;
             wxString str;
             std::string type;
             wxGetApp().preset_bundle->filaments.find_preset(presets[i])->get_filament_type(type);
             str << type;
             items.push_back({str, i < icons.size() ? icons[i] : nullptr});
+            slot_map.push_back(i + 1);
         }
         DynamicList::update();
     }
@@ -1169,7 +1193,8 @@ static bool has_junction_deviation(const DynamicPrintConfig* printer_config)
            junction_dev->values.front() > 0.0;
 }
 
-static DynamicFilamentList dynamic_filament_list;
+static DynamicFilamentList dynamic_filament_list;                // every slot, mixed included (per-feature *_filament_id keys)
+static DynamicFilamentList dynamic_physical_filament_list(true); // physical slots only (support_*, wipe_tower_filament)
 
 class AMSCountPopupWindow : public PopupWindow
 {
@@ -2391,15 +2416,15 @@ void Sidebar::update_sync_ams_btn_enable(wxUpdateUIEvent &e)
 Sidebar::Sidebar(Plater *parent)
     : wxPanel(parent, wxID_ANY, wxDefaultPosition, wxSize(39 * wxGetApp().em_unit(), -1)), p(new priv(parent))
 {
-    Choice::register_dynamic_list("support_filament", &dynamic_filament_list);
-    Choice::register_dynamic_list("support_interface_filament", &dynamic_filament_list);
+    Choice::register_dynamic_list("support_filament", &dynamic_physical_filament_list);
+    Choice::register_dynamic_list("support_interface_filament", &dynamic_physical_filament_list);
     Choice::register_dynamic_list("outer_wall_filament_id", &dynamic_filament_list);
     Choice::register_dynamic_list("inner_wall_filament_id", &dynamic_filament_list);
     Choice::register_dynamic_list("sparse_infill_filament_id", &dynamic_filament_list);
     Choice::register_dynamic_list("internal_solid_filament_id", &dynamic_filament_list);
     Choice::register_dynamic_list("top_surface_filament_id", &dynamic_filament_list);
     Choice::register_dynamic_list("bottom_surface_filament_id", &dynamic_filament_list);
-    Choice::register_dynamic_list("wipe_tower_filament", &dynamic_filament_list);
+    Choice::register_dynamic_list("wipe_tower_filament", &dynamic_physical_filament_list);
 
     p->scrolled = new wxPanel(this);
     //    p->scrolled->SetScrollbars(0, 100, 1, 2); // ys_DELETE_after_testing. pixelsPerUnitY = 100
@@ -5341,7 +5366,7 @@ void Sidebar::on_filaments_delete(size_t filament_id)
     Layout();
     p->m_panel_filament_title->Refresh();
     update_ui_from_settings();
-    dynamic_filament_list.update();
+    update_dynamic_filament_list();
 }
 
 void Sidebar::add_filament() {
@@ -5842,7 +5867,7 @@ void Sidebar::sync_ams_list(bool is_from_big_sync_btn)
         if (m_sync_dlg->is_dirty_filament()) {
             wxGetApp().get_tab(Preset::TYPE_FILAMENT)->select_preset(wxGetApp().preset_bundle->filament_presets[0], false, "", false, true);
             wxGetApp().preset_bundle->export_selections(*wxGetApp().app_config);
-            dynamic_filament_list.update();
+            update_dynamic_filament_list();
         }
         m_sync_dlg->set_check_dirty_fialment(false);
         dlg_res = m_sync_dlg->ShowModal();
@@ -6098,6 +6123,7 @@ void Sidebar::enable_nozzle_count_edit(bool enable)
 void Sidebar::update_dynamic_filament_list()
 {
     dynamic_filament_list.update();
+    dynamic_physical_filament_list.update();
 }
 
 PlaterPresetComboBox* Sidebar::printer_combox()

From d27766aff0d2e41189fcaaa37abf31a7061ffc2a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: SoftFever <softfeverever@gmail.com>
Date: Sun, 23 Aug 2026 00:28:49 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 25/51] Reject a mixed filament as the wipe tower filament

---
 src/libslic3r/Print.cpp                 | 13 +++++++-
 tests/fff_print/test_mixed_filament.cpp | 43 +++++++++++++++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 55 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/src/libslic3r/Print.cpp b/src/libslic3r/Print.cpp
index 3cd42eb96e..e474818dfe 100644
--- a/src/libslic3r/Print.cpp
+++ b/src/libslic3r/Print.cpp
@@ -566,7 +566,7 @@ std::vector<unsigned int> Print::extruders(bool conside_custom_gcode) const
 
     // If a wipe tower filament is explicitly set, ensure it participates in tool ordering.
     if (has_wipe_tower() && config().wipe_tower_filament != 0 && extruders.size() > 1) {
-        assert(config().wipe_tower_filament > 0 && config().wipe_tower_filament < int(config().nozzle_diameter.size()));
+        assert(config().wipe_tower_filament > 0 && config().wipe_tower_filament <= int(config().filament_diameter.size()));
         extruders.emplace_back(config().wipe_tower_filament - 1); // config value is 1-based
     }
 
@@ -1472,6 +1472,17 @@ StringObjectException Print::validate(std::vector<StringObjectException> *warnin
         }
 
     if (this->has_wipe_tower() && ! m_objects.empty()) {
+        // Orca: wipe_tower_filament (issue #10971) is inserted into the tool order after
+        // resolve_mixed_filaments has expanded every mixed (virtual) slot, so a mixed slot here
+        // would reach the G-code as a tool change to a slot no nozzle carries. The GUI hides
+        // mixed slots from the option; this guards loaded projects and the CLI.
+        if (m_config.wipe_tower_filament > 0) {
+            const auto  &is_mixed = m_config.filament_is_mixed.values;
+            const size_t wipe_idx = size_t(m_config.wipe_tower_filament - 1);
+            if (wipe_idx < is_mixed.size() && is_mixed[wipe_idx])
+                return { L("The wipe tower filament cannot be a mixed filament."), nullptr, "wipe_tower_filament" };
+        }
+
         // Make sure all extruders use same diameter filament and have the same nozzle diameter
         // EPSILON comparison is used for nozzles and 10 % tolerance is used for filaments
         double first_nozzle_diam = m_config.nozzle_diameter.get_at(extruders.front());
diff --git a/tests/fff_print/test_mixed_filament.cpp b/tests/fff_print/test_mixed_filament.cpp
index 84a3270605..143ecdcb6e 100644
--- a/tests/fff_print/test_mixed_filament.cpp
+++ b/tests/fff_print/test_mixed_filament.cpp
@@ -211,3 +211,46 @@ TEST_CASE("By-object G-code lists a mixed slot's components in the filament head
     CHECK(gc.find("; filament: 1,2\n") != std::string::npos);
     CHECK(gc.find("; filament: 3") == std::string::npos);
 }
+
+TEST_CASE("Print::validate rejects a mixed filament as the wipe tower filament", "[MixedFilament]")
+{
+    // The validate backstop refuses a mixed (virtual) slot as the wipe tower filament; the GUI hides
+    // the slot from that option. Two cubes on physical filaments 1 and 2 make the tower real, and the
+    // region roles mixed_config() points at the slot are reset so only the tower uses it.
+    DynamicPrintConfig config = mixed_config(false);
+    config.set_deserialize_strict({
+        {"enable_prime_tower",         "1"},
+        {"wipe_tower_x",               "50"}, // inside the 200x200 test bed
+        {"wipe_tower_y",               "50"}, // (the default y, 220, is not)
+        {"layer_change_gcode",         "G92 E0\n"}, // validate() relative-E reset, as in test_print.cpp's build_cubes
+        {"outer_wall_filament_id",     "0"},
+        {"inner_wall_filament_id",     "0"},
+        {"sparse_infill_filament_id",  "0"},
+        {"internal_solid_filament_id", "0"},
+        {"top_surface_filament_id",    "0"},
+        {"bottom_surface_filament_id", "0"},
+    });
+    const std::vector<std::vector<ConfigBase::SetDeserializeItem>> overrides{ { {"extruder", "1"} }, { {"extruder", "2"} } };
+
+    SECTION("a physical wipe tower filament validates") {
+        config.set_deserialize_strict({{"wipe_tower_filament", "2"}});
+        Print print;
+        Model model;
+        init_print(std::vector<TriangleMesh>{cube(20), cube(20)}, print, model, config, &overrides);
+        REQUIRE(print.has_wipe_tower());
+        const StringObjectException err = print.validate();
+        INFO(err.string);
+        CHECK(err.string.empty());
+    }
+
+    SECTION("the mixed slot is refused") {
+        config.set_deserialize_strict({{"wipe_tower_filament", "3"}});
+        Print print;
+        Model model;
+        init_print(std::vector<TriangleMesh>{cube(20), cube(20)}, print, model, config, &overrides);
+        REQUIRE(print.has_wipe_tower());
+        const StringObjectException err = print.validate();
+        CHECK_FALSE(err.string.empty());
+        CHECK(err.opt_key == "wipe_tower_filament");
+    }
+}

From 9985688b5bbbe5fc04dcf009e17b8b9ac5514d25 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: SoftFever <softfeverever@gmail.com>
Date: Sun, 23 Aug 2026 13:37:14 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 26/51] Blend mixed slots in the machine-send and AMS-sync
 thumbnails

---
 src/slic3r/GUI/FilamentBitmapUtils.cpp        |  64 +++++++++
 src/slic3r/GUI/FilamentBitmapUtils.hpp        |  10 ++
 src/slic3r/GUI/SelectMachine.cpp              |  28 +++-
 src/slic3r/GUI/SyncAmsInfoDialog.cpp          |  19 +++
 tests/slic3rutils/CMakeLists.txt              |   1 +
 .../test_filament_bitmap_utils.cpp            | 136 ++++++++++++++++++
 6 files changed, 256 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 tests/slic3rutils/test_filament_bitmap_utils.cpp

diff --git a/src/slic3r/GUI/FilamentBitmapUtils.cpp b/src/slic3r/GUI/FilamentBitmapUtils.cpp
index 9b43647ac0..b3f58fa4f1 100644
--- a/src/slic3r/GUI/FilamentBitmapUtils.cpp
+++ b/src/slic3r/GUI/FilamentBitmapUtils.cpp
@@ -4,7 +4,10 @@
 #include <cmath>
 
 #include "EncodedFilament.hpp"
+#include "FilamentBitmapUtils.hpp"
 #include "GUI_App.hpp"
+#include "libslic3r/FilamentMixer.hpp"
+#include "libslic3r/PrintConfig.hpp"
 
 namespace Slic3r { namespace GUI {
 
@@ -265,4 +268,65 @@ wxBitmap create_filament_bitmap(const std::vector<wxColour>& colors, const wxSiz
     }
 }
 
+void recompute_mixed_slot_colors(std::vector<wxColour>& colors,
+                                 const Slic3r::DynamicPrintConfig& cfg)
+{
+    const auto* is_mixed_opt = cfg.option<ConfigOptionBools>("filament_is_mixed");
+    const auto* comp_opt     = cfg.option<ConfigOptionStrings>("filament_mixed_components");
+    const auto* ratio_opt    = cfg.option<ConfigOptionStrings>("filament_mixed_sublayer_ratios");
+    const auto* grad_opt     = cfg.option<ConfigOptionBools>("filament_mixed_gradient");
+    if (!is_mixed_opt || !comp_opt) return;
+
+    const size_t n = is_mixed_opt->values.size();
+    if (colors.size() < n) colors.resize(n);
+
+    const auto* colour_opt = cfg.option<ConfigOptionStrings>("filament_colour");
+    const auto  kFallback  = wxColour(128, 128, 128, 255);
+
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
+        if (!is_mixed_opt->values[i]) continue;
+
+        if (i >= comp_opt->values.size()) { colors[i] = kFallback; continue; }
+        auto comp_ids = Slic3r::parse_mixed_components(comp_opt->values[i]);
+        if (comp_ids.empty()) { colors[i] = kFallback; continue; }
+
+        bool is_gradient = grad_opt && i < grad_opt->values.size() && grad_opt->values[i];
+        std::vector<unsigned int> use_ids = comp_ids;
+        std::vector<int>          weights;
+
+        if (is_gradient && comp_ids.size() >= 2) {
+            use_ids = { comp_ids.front(), comp_ids.back() };
+            weights = { 5000, 5000 };
+        } else {
+            auto ratios_d = Slic3r::parse_mixed_ratios(
+                (ratio_opt && i < ratio_opt->values.size()) ? ratio_opt->values[i] : std::string{},
+                comp_ids.size());
+            weights.reserve(comp_ids.size());
+            for (double r : ratios_d)
+                weights.push_back(static_cast<int>(std::lround(r * 10000.0)));
+        }
+
+        std::vector<std::string> hex_colors;
+        hex_colors.reserve(use_ids.size());
+        bool any_invalid = false;
+        for (unsigned int id : use_ids) {
+            if (id == 0 || id > colors.size()) { any_invalid = true; break; }
+            wxColour c = colors[id - 1];
+            if (c.IsOk() && (c.Red() > 0 || c.Green() > 0 || c.Blue() > 0)) {
+                hex_colors.push_back(wxString::Format("#%02X%02X%02X", c.Red(), c.Green(), c.Blue()).ToStdString());
+            } else if (colour_opt && (id - 1) < colour_opt->values.size()) {
+                hex_colors.push_back(colour_opt->values[id - 1]);
+            } else {
+                any_invalid = true; break;
+            }
+        }
+        if (any_invalid) { colors[i] = kFallback; continue; }
+
+        std::string hex = Slic3r::blend_color_multi(hex_colors, weights);
+        wxColour blended(hex);
+        if (!blended.IsOk()) blended = kFallback;
+        colors[i] = wxColour(blended.Red(), blended.Green(), blended.Blue(), 255);
+    }
+}
+
 }} // namespace Slic3r::GUI
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/slic3r/GUI/FilamentBitmapUtils.hpp b/src/slic3r/GUI/FilamentBitmapUtils.hpp
index 87d5b275cc..2e428e8d32 100644
--- a/src/slic3r/GUI/FilamentBitmapUtils.hpp
+++ b/src/slic3r/GUI/FilamentBitmapUtils.hpp
@@ -7,6 +7,10 @@
 #include <wx/gdicmn.h>
 #include <vector>
 
+// Orca: forward-declare so the header is self-contained outside libslic3r_gui's
+// force-included pch (the GUI test suite includes it directly).
+namespace Slic3r { class DynamicPrintConfig; }
+
 namespace Slic3r { namespace GUI {
 
 // Fills a rect with a west->east linear gradient by drawing solid 1px columns.
@@ -28,6 +32,12 @@ wxBitmap create_filament_bitmap(const std::vector<wxColour>& colors,
                               const wxSize& size,
                               bool force_gradient = false);
 
+// Recompute blended representative colors for mixed (virtual) filament slots.
+// Reads mixed-filament config keys from cfg and writes back into colors[i]
+// for every slot where filament_is_mixed[i] is true.
+void recompute_mixed_slot_colors(std::vector<wxColour>& colors,
+                                 const Slic3r::DynamicPrintConfig& cfg);
+
 }} // namespace Slic3r::GUI
 
 #endif // slic3r_GUI_FilamentBitmapUtils_hpp_
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/slic3r/GUI/SelectMachine.cpp b/src/slic3r/GUI/SelectMachine.cpp
index 7d724ae273..486be04243 100644
--- a/src/slic3r/GUI/SelectMachine.cpp
+++ b/src/slic3r/GUI/SelectMachine.cpp
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 #include "libslic3r/Utils.hpp"
 #include "libslic3r/Thread.hpp"
 #include "libslic3r/Color.hpp"
+#include "FilamentBitmapUtils.hpp"
 #include "GUI.hpp"
 #include "GUI_App.hpp"
 #include "GUI_Preview.hpp"
@@ -5693,10 +5694,15 @@ void SelectMachineDialog::clone_thumbnail_data() {
         m_preview_colors_in_thumbnail.resize(m_materialList.size());
     }
     while (iter != m_materialList.end()) {
-        int           id   = iter->first;
         Material *    item = iter->second;
         MaterialItem *m    = item->item;
-        m_preview_colors_in_thumbnail[id] = m->m_material_coloul;
+        // Orca: key the preview colours by filament slot, as m_cur_colors_in_thumbnail and
+        // SyncAmsInfoDialog already do, so recompute_mixed_slot_colors() below can look a mixed
+        // slot's component colours up by id (BBS keys this array by list position).
+        if (item->id >= m_preview_colors_in_thumbnail.size()) {
+            m_preview_colors_in_thumbnail.resize(item->id + 1);
+        }
+        m_preview_colors_in_thumbnail[item->id] = m->m_material_coloul;
         if (item->id < m_cur_colors_in_thumbnail.size()) {
             m_cur_colors_in_thumbnail[item->id] = m->m_ams_coloul;
         }
@@ -5706,6 +5712,20 @@ void SelectMachineDialog::clone_thumbnail_data() {
         }
         iter++;
     }
+
+    // Expand color arrays to cover mixed (virtual) slots and compute their blended colors
+    const auto& cfg = wxGetApp().preset_bundle->project_config;
+    size_t total = 0;
+    if (auto* opt = cfg.option<ConfigOptionBools>("filament_is_mixed"))
+        total = opt->values.size();
+    size_t target = std::max(total, m_cur_colors_in_thumbnail.size());
+    if (m_cur_colors_in_thumbnail.size() < target)
+        m_cur_colors_in_thumbnail.resize(target);
+    if (m_preview_colors_in_thumbnail.size() < target)
+        m_preview_colors_in_thumbnail.resize(target);
+    recompute_mixed_slot_colors(m_preview_colors_in_thumbnail, cfg);
+    recompute_mixed_slot_colors(m_cur_colors_in_thumbnail, cfg);
+
     //copy data
     auto &data   = m_cur_input_thumbnail_data;
     m_preview_thumbnail_data.reset();
@@ -5880,6 +5900,10 @@ void SelectMachineDialog::change_default_normal(int old_filament_id, wxColour te
             return;
         }
     }
+    // Recompute mixed slot colors after physical slot color change
+    const auto& cfg = wxGetApp().preset_bundle->project_config;
+    recompute_mixed_slot_colors(m_cur_colors_in_thumbnail, cfg);
+
     ThumbnailData& data = m_cur_input_thumbnail_data;
     ThumbnailData& no_light_data = m_cur_no_light_thumbnail_data;
     if (data.width > 0 && data.height > 0 && data.width == no_light_data.width && data.height == no_light_data.height) {
diff --git a/src/slic3r/GUI/SyncAmsInfoDialog.cpp b/src/slic3r/GUI/SyncAmsInfoDialog.cpp
index 3524d89c74..5005b49303 100644
--- a/src/slic3r/GUI/SyncAmsInfoDialog.cpp
+++ b/src/slic3r/GUI/SyncAmsInfoDialog.cpp
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
 #include "DeviceCore/DevManager.h"
 #include "DeviceCore/DevMapping.h"
 #include "DeviceCore/DevStorage.h"
+#include "FilamentBitmapUtils.hpp"
 
 using namespace Slic3r;
 using namespace Slic3r::GUI;
@@ -2943,6 +2944,20 @@ void SyncAmsInfoDialog::clone_thumbnail_data()
             iter++;
         }
     }
+
+    // Expand color arrays to cover mixed (virtual) slots and compute their blended colors
+    const auto& cfg = wxGetApp().preset_bundle->project_config;
+    size_t total = 0;
+    if (auto* opt = cfg.option<ConfigOptionBools>("filament_is_mixed"))
+        total = opt->values.size();
+    size_t target = std::max(total, m_cur_colors_in_thumbnail.size());
+    if (m_cur_colors_in_thumbnail.size() < target)
+        m_cur_colors_in_thumbnail.resize(target);
+    if (m_preview_colors_in_thumbnail.size() < target)
+        m_preview_colors_in_thumbnail.resize(target);
+    recompute_mixed_slot_colors(m_preview_colors_in_thumbnail, cfg);
+    recompute_mixed_slot_colors(m_cur_colors_in_thumbnail, cfg);
+
     // copy data
     auto &data = m_cur_input_thumbnail_data;
     m_preview_thumbnail_data.reset();
@@ -3131,6 +3146,10 @@ void SyncAmsInfoDialog::change_default_normal(int old_filament_id, wxColour temp
             return;
         }
     }
+    // Recompute mixed slot colors after physical slot color change
+    const auto& cfg = wxGetApp().preset_bundle->project_config;
+    recompute_mixed_slot_colors(m_cur_colors_in_thumbnail, cfg);
+
     ThumbnailData &data          = m_cur_input_thumbnail_data;
     ThumbnailData &no_light_data = m_cur_no_light_thumbnail_data;
     if (data.width > 0 && data.height > 0 && data.width == no_light_data.width && data.height == no_light_data.height) {
diff --git a/tests/slic3rutils/CMakeLists.txt b/tests/slic3rutils/CMakeLists.txt
index c1424064b2..ebbd62b820 100644
--- a/tests/slic3rutils/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/tests/slic3rutils/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ get_filename_component(_TEST_NAME ${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR} NAME)
 add_executable(${_TEST_NAME}_tests
     ${_TEST_NAME}_tests_main.cpp
     test_dev_mapping.cpp
+    test_filament_bitmap_utils.cpp
     test_network_versions.cpp
     test_action_source.cpp
     test_plugin_host_api.cpp
diff --git a/tests/slic3rutils/test_filament_bitmap_utils.cpp b/tests/slic3rutils/test_filament_bitmap_utils.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9054a82018
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/slic3rutils/test_filament_bitmap_utils.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,136 @@
+// recompute_mixed_slot_colors lives in libslic3r_gui; this is the only suite that links it.
+// Same Windows include prologue as test_dev_mapping.cpp (wx pulls in <windows.h>; keep
+// WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN / NOMINMAX ahead of the Catch2 headers).
+#ifdef WIN32
+    #ifndef WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN
+        #define WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN
+    #endif
+    #ifndef NOMINMAX
+        #define NOMINMAX
+    #endif
+    #include <Windows.h>
+#endif
+
+#include <catch2/catch_all.hpp>
+
+#include <wx/colour.h>
+#include <wx/string.h>
+
+#include "libslic3r/FilamentMixer.hpp"
+#include "libslic3r/PrintConfig.hpp"
+#include "slic3r/GUI/FilamentBitmapUtils.hpp"
+
+using namespace Slic3r;
+using Slic3r::GUI::recompute_mixed_slot_colors;
+
+namespace {
+
+// Two physical slots (1 = red, 2 = blue) and mixed slot 3 built from them.
+DynamicPrintConfig mixed_config(const std::string& components = "1,2", const std::string& ratios = "0.5,0.5")
+{
+    DynamicPrintConfig cfg;
+    cfg.set_key_value("filament_is_mixed", new ConfigOptionBools({false, false, true}));
+    cfg.set_key_value("filament_mixed_components", new ConfigOptionStrings({"", "", components}));
+    cfg.set_key_value("filament_mixed_sublayer_ratios", new ConfigOptionStrings({"", "", ratios}));
+    cfg.set_key_value("filament_mixed_gradient", new ConfigOptionBools({false, false, false}));
+    cfg.set_key_value("filament_colour", new ConfigOptionStrings({"#FF0000", "#0000FF", "#000000"}));
+    return cfg;
+}
+
+wxColour expected_blend(const std::vector<std::string>& hex, const std::vector<int>& weights)
+{
+    return wxColour(wxString(blend_color_multi(hex, weights)));
+}
+
+// Compare channels one at a time so a failure names the channel.
+void require_same_rgb(const wxColour& actual, const wxColour& expected)
+{
+    REQUIRE(int(actual.Red()) == int(expected.Red()));
+    REQUIRE(int(actual.Green()) == int(expected.Green()));
+    REQUIRE(int(actual.Blue()) == int(expected.Blue()));
+}
+
+} // namespace
+
+TEST_CASE("recompute_mixed_slot_colors blends a mixed slot from its components' colours", "[FilamentBitmapUtils]")
+{
+    std::vector<wxColour> colors{wxColour(255, 0, 0), wxColour(0, 0, 255)};
+    recompute_mixed_slot_colors(colors, mixed_config());
+
+    REQUIRE(colors.size() == 3);
+    require_same_rgb(colors[2], expected_blend({"#FF0000", "#0000FF"}, {5000, 5000}));
+    REQUIRE(int(colors[2].Alpha()) == 255);
+    // Physical slots are left alone.
+    require_same_rgb(colors[0], wxColour(255, 0, 0));
+    require_same_rgb(colors[1], wxColour(0, 0, 255));
+}
+
+TEST_CASE("recompute_mixed_slot_colors leaves the colours alone without mixed slots", "[FilamentBitmapUtils]")
+{
+    std::vector<wxColour> colors{wxColour(255, 0, 0), wxColour(0, 0, 255)};
+
+    SECTION("no mixed keys at all") {
+        recompute_mixed_slot_colors(colors, DynamicPrintConfig{});
+    }
+    SECTION("mixed flags present but all false") {
+        DynamicPrintConfig cfg;
+        cfg.set_key_value("filament_is_mixed", new ConfigOptionBools({false, false}));
+        cfg.set_key_value("filament_mixed_components", new ConfigOptionStrings({"", ""}));
+        recompute_mixed_slot_colors(colors, cfg);
+    }
+    REQUIRE(colors.size() == 2);
+    require_same_rgb(colors[0], wxColour(255, 0, 0));
+    require_same_rgb(colors[1], wxColour(0, 0, 255));
+}
+
+TEST_CASE("recompute_mixed_slot_colors falls back to grey for a broken component reference", "[FilamentBitmapUtils]")
+{
+    const wxColour grey(128, 128, 128, 255);
+    std::vector<wxColour> colors{wxColour(255, 0, 0), wxColour(0, 0, 255)};
+
+    SECTION("dangling component id") {
+        recompute_mixed_slot_colors(colors, mixed_config("1,9"));
+    }
+    SECTION("empty component list") {
+        recompute_mixed_slot_colors(colors, mixed_config(""));
+    }
+    REQUIRE(colors.size() == 3);
+    require_same_rgb(colors[2], grey);
+}
+
+TEST_CASE("recompute_mixed_slot_colors uses the project colour when a slot colour is unset", "[FilamentBitmapUtils]")
+{
+    // Slot 2 carries no colour in the vector; filament_colour[1] = "#0000FF" is used instead.
+    std::vector<wxColour> colors{wxColour(255, 0, 0), wxColour()};
+    recompute_mixed_slot_colors(colors, mixed_config());
+    require_same_rgb(colors[2], expected_blend({"#FF0000", "#0000FF"}, {5000, 5000}));
+}
+
+TEST_CASE("recompute_mixed_slot_colors blends a gradient slot from its end points only", "[FilamentBitmapUtils]")
+{
+    DynamicPrintConfig cfg;
+    cfg.set_key_value("filament_is_mixed", new ConfigOptionBools({false, false, false, true}));
+    cfg.set_key_value("filament_mixed_components", new ConfigOptionStrings({"", "", "", "1,2,3"}));
+    cfg.set_key_value("filament_mixed_sublayer_ratios", new ConfigOptionStrings({"", "", "", "0.2,0.3,0.5"}));
+    cfg.set_key_value("filament_mixed_gradient", new ConfigOptionBools({false, false, false, true}));
+    cfg.set_key_value("filament_colour", new ConfigOptionStrings({"#FF0000", "#00FF00", "#0000FF", "#000000"}));
+
+    std::vector<wxColour> colors{wxColour(255, 0, 0), wxColour(0, 255, 0), wxColour(0, 0, 255)};
+    recompute_mixed_slot_colors(colors, cfg);
+
+    REQUIRE(colors.size() == 4);
+    require_same_rgb(colors[3], expected_blend({"#FF0000", "#0000FF"}, {5000, 5000}));
+}
+
+TEST_CASE("recompute_mixed_slot_colors honours the configured ratios and is idempotent", "[FilamentBitmapUtils]")
+{
+    std::vector<wxColour> colors{wxColour(255, 0, 0), wxColour(0, 0, 255)};
+    const DynamicPrintConfig cfg = mixed_config("1,2", "0.7,0.3");
+    recompute_mixed_slot_colors(colors, cfg);
+    const wxColour first = colors[2];
+    // The configured 70/30 ratio must reach the blend (it is not the equal-share default).
+    require_same_rgb(first, expected_blend({"#FF0000", "#0000FF"}, {7000, 3000}));
+    REQUIRE(first != expected_blend({"#FF0000", "#0000FF"}, {5000, 5000}));
+    recompute_mixed_slot_colors(colors, cfg);
+    require_same_rgb(colors[2], first);
+}

From af5397d67862e2b3bdb30a06a98c6e6908831c97 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: SoftFever <softfeverever@gmail.com>
Date: Sun, 23 Aug 2026 13:53:48 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 27/51] Close the single-extruder mixed filament warning by
 type

---
 src/slic3r/GUI/GLCanvas3D.cpp          | 8 ++++++++
 src/slic3r/GUI/NotificationManager.hpp | 2 ++
 2 files changed, 10 insertions(+)

diff --git a/src/slic3r/GUI/GLCanvas3D.cpp b/src/slic3r/GUI/GLCanvas3D.cpp
index 3a919c800d..0aeb1b504e 100644
--- a/src/slic3r/GUI/GLCanvas3D.cpp
+++ b/src/slic3r/GUI/GLCanvas3D.cpp
@@ -10655,6 +10655,14 @@ void GLCanvas3D::_set_warning_notification(EWarning warning, bool state)
                 notification_manager.close_slicing_customize_error_notification(NotificationType::BBLNozzleFilamentIncompatible, NotificationLevel::WarningNotificationLevel);
             }
         }
+        else if (warning == EWarning::SingleExtruderMixedFilament) {
+            // Close by type: check_single_extruder_mixed_filament_risk() clears the shared text
+            // buffer on every call, so a close-by-text would miss once the risk is gone.
+            if (state)
+                notification_manager.push_slicing_customize_error_notification(NotificationType::BBLSingleExtruderMixedFilamentRisk, NotificationLevel::WarningNotificationLevel, text);
+            else
+                notification_manager.close_slicing_customize_error_notification(NotificationType::BBLSingleExtruderMixedFilamentRisk, NotificationLevel::WarningNotificationLevel);
+        }
         else {
             if (state)
                 notification_manager.push_plater_warning_notification(text);
diff --git a/src/slic3r/GUI/NotificationManager.hpp b/src/slic3r/GUI/NotificationManager.hpp
index 7a3e6b8bb5..bf0a5cfe1a 100644
--- a/src/slic3r/GUI/NotificationManager.hpp
+++ b/src/slic3r/GUI/NotificationManager.hpp
@@ -174,6 +174,8 @@ enum class NotificationType
 	BBLBedFilamentIncompatible,
     BBLMixUsePLAAndPETG,
 	BBLNozzleFilamentIncompatible,
+    // A mixed-color filament is printed on a single-nozzle printer (frequent changes and purging).
+    BBLSingleExtruderMixedFilamentRisk,
     OrcaSharedProfilesAvailable,
 	OrcaCloudAPIError,
     OrcaSyncConflict,

From 38d51783ae3845d93cfe665cd9906244b32cc8af Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: SoftFever <softfeverever@gmail.com>
Date: Sun, 23 Aug 2026 13:59:59 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 28/51] Refresh the mixed filament list when a component preset
 changes

---
 src/slic3r/GUI/Plater.cpp               | 12 +++++++++++-
 tests/libslic3r/test_filament_mixer.cpp | 24 ++++++++++++++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 35 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/src/slic3r/GUI/Plater.cpp b/src/slic3r/GUI/Plater.cpp
index c3a163638b..40cffd2641 100644
--- a/src/slic3r/GUI/Plater.cpp
+++ b/src/slic3r/GUI/Plater.cpp
@@ -7318,7 +7318,7 @@ Plater::priv::priv(Plater *q, MainFrame *main_frame)
         "brim_width", "brim_object_gap", "brim_flow_ratio", "brim_use_efc_outline", "combine_brims", "brim_type", "nozzle_diameter", "single_extruder_multi_material", "preferred_orientation",
         "enable_prime_tower", "wipe_tower_x", "wipe_tower_y", "prime_tower_width", "prime_tower_brim_width", "prime_tower_skip_points", "prime_tower_enable_framework",
         "prime_tower_infill_gap", "prime_volume",
-        "extruder_colour", "filament_colour", "filament_type", "material_colour", "printable_height", "extruder_printable_height", "printer_model", "printer_technology",
+        "extruder_colour", "filament_colour", "filament_type", "filament_is_support", "material_colour", "printable_height", "extruder_printable_height", "printer_model", "printer_technology",
         // These values are necessary to construct SlicingParameters by the Canvas3D variable layer height editor.
         "layer_height", "initial_layer_print_height", "min_layer_height", "max_layer_height",
         "wall_loops", "outer_wall_filament_id", "inner_wall_filament_id", "sparse_infill_density", "sparse_infill_filament_id", "top_shell_layers",
@@ -19661,6 +19661,7 @@ void Plater::on_config_change(const DynamicPrintConfig &config)
             update_scheduled = true; // update should be scheduled (for update 3DScene) #2738
 
             if (update_filament_colors_in_full_config()) {
+                p->sidebar->update_mixed_filament_list();
                 p->sidebar->obj_list()->update_filament_colors();
                 p->sidebar->update_dynamic_filament_list();
                 continue;
@@ -19668,6 +19669,15 @@ void Plater::on_config_change(const DynamicPrintConfig &config)
         }
         if (opt_key == "filament_type") {
             update_filament_colors_in_full_config();
+            p->sidebar->update_mixed_filament_list();
+            continue;
+        }
+        // The mixed-filament type check folds filament_is_support into the component type
+        // (DynamicPrintConfig::get_filament_type -> "PLA-S"), so a support-preset switch must
+        // refresh the list even though filament_type itself did not change.
+        if (opt_key == "filament_is_support") {
+            p->config->set_key_value(opt_key, config.option(opt_key)->clone());
+            p->sidebar->update_mixed_filament_list();
             continue;
         }
         if (opt_key == "material_colour") {
diff --git a/tests/libslic3r/test_filament_mixer.cpp b/tests/libslic3r/test_filament_mixer.cpp
index 7b5842334f..fb11fa9481 100644
--- a/tests/libslic3r/test_filament_mixer.cpp
+++ b/tests/libslic3r/test_filament_mixer.cpp
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 #include <catch2/catch_all.hpp>
 
 #include "libslic3r/FilamentMixer.hpp"
+#include "libslic3r/PrintConfig.hpp"
 
 using namespace Slic3r;
 
@@ -98,6 +99,29 @@ TEST_CASE("check_mixed_filament_type_consistency flags mismatched component type
     REQUIRE(bad == std::vector<size_t>{2});
 }
 
+TEST_CASE("a support-flagged component reads as its own filament type for the consistency check", "[FilamentMixer]")
+{
+    // Sidebar::update_mixed_filament_list and Sidebar::has_broken_mixed_filament derive each
+    // component's type through DynamicPrintConfig::get_filament_type, which folds the
+    // filament_is_support flag into the type — so toggling that flag alone changes the verdict
+    // and Plater::on_config_change has to refresh the mixed list on filament_is_support too.
+    DynamicPrintConfig plain_pla;
+    plain_pla.set_key_value("filament_type", new ConfigOptionStrings({"PLA"}));
+    plain_pla.set_key_value("filament_is_support", new ConfigOptionBools({false}));
+    std::string displayed;
+    REQUIRE(plain_pla.get_filament_type(displayed) == "PLA");
+
+    DynamicPrintConfig support_pla;
+    support_pla.set_key_value("filament_type", new ConfigOptionStrings({"PLA"}));
+    support_pla.set_key_value("filament_is_support", new ConfigOptionBools({true}));
+    REQUIRE(support_pla.get_filament_type(displayed) == "PLA-S");
+    REQUIRE(displayed == "Sup.PLA");
+
+    const std::vector<unsigned char> is_mixed  = {0, 0, 1};
+    const std::vector<std::string>   comp_strs = {"", "", "1,2"};
+    REQUIRE(check_mixed_filament_type_consistency(is_mixed, comp_strs, {"PLA", "PLA-S"}) == std::vector<size_t>{2});
+}
+
 TEST_CASE("gradient curves round-trip and sample monotonically", "[FilamentMixer]")
 {
     SECTION("Empty input yields an empty curve") {

From f02423074c2f6ac0f0ed0cce7f188e4fb242abe7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: SoftFever <softfeverever@gmail.com>
Date: Sun, 23 Aug 2026 14:13:33 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 29/51] Warn about mixed color sublayer when adding height
 ranges

---
 src/slic3r/GUI/GUI_ObjectList.cpp | 18 ++++++++++++++++++
 src/slic3r/GUI/Plater.cpp         |  4 ++--
 2 files changed, 20 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/slic3r/GUI/GUI_ObjectList.cpp b/src/slic3r/GUI/GUI_ObjectList.cpp
index dc89f5f9bb..48182da77b 100644
--- a/src/slic3r/GUI/GUI_ObjectList.cpp
+++ b/src/slic3r/GUI/GUI_ObjectList.cpp
@@ -3233,6 +3233,24 @@ void ObjectList::merge(bool to_multipart_object)
 
 void ObjectList::layers_editing()
 {
+    // Height ranges give each range its own layer height, varying the mixed sub-layer heights just
+    // like an adaptive profile; sibling of the on_action_layersediting/ConfigManipulation warnings,
+    // sharing the same do-not-show-again flag.
+    const auto& print_config = wxGetApp().preset_bundle->prints.get_edited_preset().config;
+    if (print_config.opt_bool("enable_mixed_color_sublayer")) {
+        if (wxGetApp().app_config->get("no_warn_mixed_sublayer_variable_layer") != "1") {
+            // Orca: parent to the plater like the sibling site in Plater::priv::on_action_layersediting
+            // (BBS passes nullptr, which MsgDialog remaps to the main frame).
+            MessageDialog dlg(wxGetApp().plater(),
+                _L("Using variable layer height together with mixed color sublayer may result in poor color mixing quality."),
+                _L("Warning"), wxICON_WARNING | wxOK);
+            dlg.show_dsa_button();
+            dlg.ShowModal();
+            if (dlg.get_checkbox_state())
+                wxGetApp().app_config->set("no_warn_mixed_sublayer_variable_layer", "1");
+        }
+    }
+
     const Selection& selection = scene_selection();
     const int obj_idx = selection.get_object_idx();
     wxDataViewItem item = obj_idx >= 0 && GetSelectedItemsCount() > 1 && selection.is_single_full_object() ?
diff --git a/src/slic3r/GUI/Plater.cpp b/src/slic3r/GUI/Plater.cpp
index 40cffd2641..7ff7b193df 100644
--- a/src/slic3r/GUI/Plater.cpp
+++ b/src/slic3r/GUI/Plater.cpp
@@ -14077,8 +14077,8 @@ void Plater::priv::on_action_layersediting(SimpleEvent&)
     // Sub-layer splitting divides each layer by the mix ratio, so an adaptive layer profile makes
     // those sub-layer heights vary and degrades the blend. ConfigManipulation warns when the
     // option is switched on with a variable profile already present; this is the other direction,
-    // warning when variable layer editing is switched on while the option is active. Both honour
-    // the same do-not-show-again flag.
+    // warning when variable layer editing is switched on while the option is active. All three
+    // sites (with ObjectList::layers_editing for height ranges) honour the same do-not-show-again flag.
     if (!view3D->is_layers_editing_enabled()) {
         const auto& print_config = wxGetApp().preset_bundle->prints.get_edited_preset().config;
         if (print_config.opt_bool("enable_mixed_color_sublayer")) {

From 6f32d59997aa52a94cfe84fa7c1aeb842aa4b125 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: SoftFever <softfeverever@gmail.com>
Date: Sun, 23 Aug 2026 17:51:00 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 30/51] Fixed an issue that gradient color button in color
 painting gizmo don't have number

---
 .../GUI/Gizmos/GLGizmoMmuSegmentation.cpp     | 43 ++++++++++++-------
 .../GUI/Gizmos/GLGizmoMmuSegmentation.hpp     |  7 ++-
 2 files changed, 33 insertions(+), 17 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/slic3r/GUI/Gizmos/GLGizmoMmuSegmentation.cpp b/src/slic3r/GUI/Gizmos/GLGizmoMmuSegmentation.cpp
index 77b58d3bb5..45839b66ea 100644
--- a/src/slic3r/GUI/Gizmos/GLGizmoMmuSegmentation.cpp
+++ b/src/slic3r/GUI/Gizmos/GLGizmoMmuSegmentation.cpp
@@ -313,15 +313,39 @@ void GLGizmoMmuSegmentation::render_tooltip_button(float x, float y)
 }
 
 // ORCA
-bool GLGizmoMmuSegmentation::draw_color_button(int idx, std::string id_str, const ColorRGBA& color, ColorRGBA& map_color, bool active, float scale)
+bool GLGizmoMmuSegmentation::draw_color_button(int idx, const char* id_str, const ColorRGBA& color, ColorRGBA& map_color, bool active, float scale)
 {
+    // Inset of the frame stroked below, which is what trims the swatch down to its visible shape.
+    const float frame_inset = 1.5f;
+
     ImDrawList* draw_list = ImGui::GetWindowDrawList();
     std::string label_id  = std::to_string(idx) + id_str + std::to_string(idx);
     ImVec2      pos       = ImGui::GetCursorScreenPos();
     ImVec2      size      = ImVec2(27.f * scale, 27.f * scale);
     ImVec4      color_vec = ImGuiWrapper::to_ImVec4(color);
     ImU32       br_color  = ImGui::ColorConvertFloat4ToU32(active ? ImGuiWrapper::COL_ORCA : m_is_dark_mode ? ImVec4(.35f, .35f, .35f, 1) : ImVec4(.85f, .85f, .85f, 1));
-    bool        dark_tone = (0.299f * color.r() + 0.587f * color.g() + 0.114f * color.b()) < 0.51f; // matching values used by wxWidgets with clr.GetLuminance() < 0.51
+    // Every caller labels the button with the 1 based slot number, so idx - 1 picks out the slot's fade.
+    const GradientInfo* gradient = gradient_of(idx - 1);
+    // ImGui interpolates the fade linearly, so the centered slot number lands on the midpoint of the two
+    // endpoints - take its contrast from there, not from the slot's blended color.
+    ColorRGBA   tone      = gradient ? ColorRGBA(0.5f * (gradient->color_from[0] + gradient->color_to[0]),
+                                                 0.5f * (gradient->color_from[1] + gradient->color_to[1]),
+                                                 0.5f * (gradient->color_from[2] + gradient->color_to[2]), 1.f)
+                                     : color;
+    bool        dark_tone = (0.299f * tone.r() + 0.587f * tone.g() + 0.114f * tone.b()) < 0.51f; // matching values used by wxWidgets with clr.GetLuminance() < 0.51
+
+    // Paint a gradient mixed filament's fade before the button and keep the button transparent, so the
+    // slot number and the frame below stay on top of it. AddRectFilledMultiColor cannot round its
+    // corners, so the fade is drawn at the frame's inset and the frame masks it into the same shape a
+    // plain color slot gets.
+    if (gradient) {
+        auto to_imu32 = [](const std::array<float, 4>& c) { return ImGui::ColorConvertFloat4ToU32({c[0], c[1], c[2], c[3]}); };
+        draw_list->AddRectFilledMultiColor({pos.x + frame_inset * scale, pos.y + frame_inset * scale},
+                                           {pos.x + size.x - frame_inset * scale, pos.y + size.y - frame_inset * scale},
+                                           to_imu32(gradient->color_from), to_imu32(gradient->color_to),
+                                           to_imu32(gradient->color_to), to_imu32(gradient->color_from));
+        color_vec.w = 0.f; // let the fade show through
+    }
 
     ImGui::PushStyleVar(ImGuiStyleVar_FrameBorderSize, 0);
     ImGui::PushStyleVar(ImGuiStyleVar_FrameRounding  , 7.f * scale);
@@ -337,7 +361,7 @@ bool GLGizmoMmuSegmentation::draw_color_button(int idx, std::string id_str, cons
     auto drawBorder = [&](float d, float r, float t, ImU32 col) {
         draw_list->AddRect({pos.x + d * scale, pos.y + d * scale}, {pos.x + size.x - d * scale , pos.y + size.y - d * scale}, col, r * scale, 0, t * scale);
     };
-    drawBorder(1.5f, 3.f, 4.f, ImGui::ColorConvertFloat4ToU32(ImGui::GetStyleColorVec4(ImGuiCol_WindowBg)));
+    drawBorder(frame_inset, 3.f, 4.f, ImGui::ColorConvertFloat4ToU32(ImGui::GetStyleColorVec4(ImGuiCol_WindowBg)));
     if(active)
         drawBorder(.5f, 4.f , 2.f, br_color);
     else
@@ -441,19 +465,6 @@ void GLGizmoMmuSegmentation::on_render_input_window(float x, float y, float bott
             m_selected_extruder_idx = extruder_idx;
         }
 
-        // Overlay a two-tone fade for gradient mixed filaments; a single flat colour would
-        // misrepresent a slot that fades between two filaments over Z.
-        if (extruder_idx < (int) m_gradient_info.size() && m_gradient_info[extruder_idx].is_gradient) {
-            auto to_imu32 = [](const std::array<float, 4> &c) -> ImU32 {
-                return IM_COL32(uint8_t(c[0]*255.f), uint8_t(c[1]*255.f), uint8_t(c[2]*255.f), uint8_t(c[3]*255.f));
-            };
-            ImVec2 r_min = ImGui::GetItemRectMin();
-            ImVec2 r_max = ImGui::GetItemRectMax();
-            ImU32 col_from = to_imu32(m_gradient_info[extruder_idx].color_from);
-            ImU32 col_to   = to_imu32(m_gradient_info[extruder_idx].color_to);
-            ImGui::GetWindowDrawList()->AddRectFilledMultiColor(r_min, r_max, col_from, col_to, col_to, col_from);
-        }
-
         if (extruder_idx < int(GLGizmoMmuSegmentation::EXTRUDERS_LIMIT) && ImGui::IsItemHovered()) m_imgui->tooltip(_L("Shortcut Key ") + std::to_string(extruder_idx + 1), max_tooltip_width);
     }
     // ORCA: Remap filaments section (Border only, Title in border). 
diff --git a/src/slic3r/GUI/Gizmos/GLGizmoMmuSegmentation.hpp b/src/slic3r/GUI/Gizmos/GLGizmoMmuSegmentation.hpp
index b244a68860..9f080fb300 100644
--- a/src/slic3r/GUI/Gizmos/GLGizmoMmuSegmentation.hpp
+++ b/src/slic3r/GUI/Gizmos/GLGizmoMmuSegmentation.hpp
@@ -145,7 +145,12 @@ private:
     void init_model_triangle_selectors();
 
     // ORCA
-    bool draw_color_button(int idx, std::string id_str, const ColorRGBA& color, ColorRGBA& map_color, bool active, float scale);
+    bool draw_color_button(int idx, const char* id_str, const ColorRGBA& color, ColorRGBA& map_color, bool active, float scale);
+    // Gradient endpoints of a filament slot, or nullptr when the slot is a plain single color filament.
+    const GradientInfo* gradient_of(int idx) const
+    {
+        return idx >= 0 && idx < (int) m_gradient_info.size() && m_gradient_info[idx].is_gradient ? &m_gradient_info[idx] : nullptr;
+    }
 
     // BBS
     void update_triangle_selectors_colors();

From ff35dacf4c14e3158b3201d316c0d9c27a3f4ab8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: SoftFever <softfeverever@gmail.com>
Date: Sun, 23 Aug 2026 18:43:41 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 31/51] Fix UI hanging on Mac

---
 src/slic3r/GUI/GradientCurveEditor.cpp |  8 ++++
 src/slic3r/GUI/GradientCurveEditor.hpp |  2 +
 src/slic3r/GUI/MixedFilamentDialog.cpp | 54 ++++++++++++++++++--------
 src/slic3r/GUI/MixedFilamentDialog.hpp |  9 ++++-
 src/slic3r/GUI/TextureImportDialog.cpp | 21 +++++++++-
 5 files changed, 74 insertions(+), 20 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/slic3r/GUI/GradientCurveEditor.cpp b/src/slic3r/GUI/GradientCurveEditor.cpp
index 782961aba4..d34e71a132 100644
--- a/src/slic3r/GUI/GradientCurveEditor.cpp
+++ b/src/slic3r/GUI/GradientCurveEditor.cpp
@@ -85,6 +85,14 @@ GradientCurveEditor::GradientCurveEditor(wxWindow* parent,
     });
 }
 
+GradientCurveEditor::~GradientCurveEditor()
+{
+    // See MixedFilamentDialog::~MixedFilamentDialog: a widget destroyed while it
+    // still holds the capture wedges mouse input for the whole application.
+    if (HasCapture())
+        ReleaseMouse();
+}
+
 void GradientCurveEditor::set_points(const PointList& pts)
 {
     m_points = pts;
diff --git a/src/slic3r/GUI/GradientCurveEditor.hpp b/src/slic3r/GUI/GradientCurveEditor.hpp
index f9858cab11..f2e082aff5 100644
--- a/src/slic3r/GUI/GradientCurveEditor.hpp
+++ b/src/slic3r/GUI/GradientCurveEditor.hpp
@@ -36,6 +36,8 @@ public:
                         const wxColour& color_low  = wxColour(217, 217, 217),
                         const wxColour& color_high = wxColour(217, 217, 217));
 
+    ~GradientCurveEditor() override;
+
     // Replace the entire point list. The widget enforces x in [0,1], y in [0,1],
     // sorts by x, and clamps the first / last x to 0 / 1. Tangent overrides are
     // preserved as-is (NaN entries continue to use PCHIP defaults).
diff --git a/src/slic3r/GUI/MixedFilamentDialog.cpp b/src/slic3r/GUI/MixedFilamentDialog.cpp
index c81c90fe1c..b72846452f 100644
--- a/src/slic3r/GUI/MixedFilamentDialog.cpp
+++ b/src/slic3r/GUI/MixedFilamentDialog.cpp
@@ -154,6 +154,18 @@ MixedFilamentDialog::MixedFilamentDialog(wxWindow* parent,
         m_preview_bmp_three = wxBitmap(img);
 }
 
+MixedFilamentDialog::~MixedFilamentDialog()
+{
+    // Backstop: a child must never be destroyed while it still holds the mouse
+    // capture. wxWidgets only asserts about this (compiled out in release), and
+    // the macOS port never unwinds its capture stack, so the stale entry would
+    // make wxNSWindow::sendEvent swallow every mouse event in the application.
+    if (m_ratio_bar && m_ratio_bar->HasCapture())
+        m_ratio_bar->ReleaseMouse();
+    if (m_triangle_panel && m_triangle_panel->HasCapture())
+        m_triangle_panel->ReleaseMouse();
+}
+
 MixedFilamentDialog::MixedFilamentDialog(wxWindow* parent,
                                          const MixedFilamentResult& existing,
                                          const std::vector<std::string>& physical_colors,
@@ -892,24 +904,30 @@ wxBoxSizer* MixedFilamentDialog::create_ratio_slider()
     m_ratio_bar->Bind(wxEVT_LEFT_DOWN, [this](wxMouseEvent& e) {
         if (m_ratio_editor_panel && m_ratio_editor_panel->IsShown())
             commit_ratio_editor(true);
-        m_dragging = true;
-        m_ratio_bar->CaptureMouse();
+        m_ratio_dragging = true;
+        if (!m_ratio_bar->HasCapture())
+            m_ratio_bar->CaptureMouse();
         int new_ratio = 100 - (int)(e.GetX() * 100.0 / m_ratio_bar->GetClientSize().GetWidth() + 0.5);
         on_ratio_changed(std::max(MIN_COMPONENT_RATIO, std::min(100 - MIN_COMPONENT_RATIO, new_ratio)));
     });
 
     m_ratio_bar->Bind(wxEVT_MOTION, [this](wxMouseEvent& e) {
-        if (!m_dragging) return;
+        if (!m_ratio_dragging) return;
         int new_ratio = 100 - (int)(e.GetX() * 100.0 / m_ratio_bar->GetClientSize().GetWidth() + 0.5);
         on_ratio_changed(std::max(MIN_COMPONENT_RATIO, std::min(100 - MIN_COMPONENT_RATIO, new_ratio)));
     });
 
+    // Release whenever the capture is held, not only when the drag flag is set:
+    // the flag can be cleared behind our back, and a capture that outlives the
+    // widget wedges mouse input for the whole application.
     m_ratio_bar->Bind(wxEVT_LEFT_UP, [this](wxMouseEvent&) {
-        if (m_dragging) {
-            m_dragging = false;
-            if (m_ratio_bar->HasCapture())
-                m_ratio_bar->ReleaseMouse();
-        }
+        m_ratio_dragging = false;
+        if (m_ratio_bar->HasCapture())
+            m_ratio_bar->ReleaseMouse();
+    });
+
+    m_ratio_bar->Bind(wxEVT_MOUSE_CAPTURE_LOST, [this](wxMouseCaptureLostEvent&) {
+        m_ratio_dragging = false;
     });
 
     sizer->Add(m_ratio_bar, 0, wxEXPAND);
@@ -1122,11 +1140,12 @@ wxBoxSizer* MixedFilamentDialog::create_triangle_picker()
             // clicks outside the triangle must not change the mix ratio.
             if (!tri_contains(p, v0, v1, v2))
                 return;
-            m_dragging = true;
-            m_triangle_panel->CaptureMouse();
+            m_tri_dragging = true;
+            if (!m_triangle_panel->HasCapture())
+                m_triangle_panel->CaptureMouse();
         }
 
-        if (!m_dragging) return;
+        if (!m_tri_dragging) return;
 
         TriPoint clamped = tri_clamp(p, v0, v1, v2);
         tri_barycentric(clamped, v0, v1, v2, m_tri_wx, m_tri_wy, m_tri_wz);
@@ -1161,15 +1180,16 @@ wxBoxSizer* MixedFilamentDialog::create_triangle_picker()
         handle_mouse(e, true);
     });
     m_triangle_panel->Bind(wxEVT_MOTION, [this, handle_mouse](wxMouseEvent& e) {
-        if (m_dragging)
+        if (m_tri_dragging)
             handle_mouse(e, false);
     });
     m_triangle_panel->Bind(wxEVT_LEFT_UP, [this](wxMouseEvent&) {
-        if (m_dragging) {
-            m_dragging = false;
-            if (m_triangle_panel->HasCapture())
-                m_triangle_panel->ReleaseMouse();
-        }
+        m_tri_dragging = false;
+        if (m_triangle_panel->HasCapture())
+            m_triangle_panel->ReleaseMouse();
+    });
+    m_triangle_panel->Bind(wxEVT_MOUSE_CAPTURE_LOST, [this](wxMouseCaptureLostEvent&) {
+        m_tri_dragging = false;
     });
 
     sizer->Add(m_triangle_panel, 0);
diff --git a/src/slic3r/GUI/MixedFilamentDialog.hpp b/src/slic3r/GUI/MixedFilamentDialog.hpp
index a1af146897..6085f77873 100644
--- a/src/slic3r/GUI/MixedFilamentDialog.hpp
+++ b/src/slic3r/GUI/MixedFilamentDialog.hpp
@@ -53,6 +53,8 @@ public:
                         const std::vector<std::string>& physical_names,
                         const std::vector<std::string>& physical_types = {});
 
+    ~MixedFilamentDialog();
+
     MixedFilamentResult get_result() const { return m_result; }
 
 protected:
@@ -160,8 +162,11 @@ private:
     wxBitmap                    m_preview_bmp_two;
     wxBitmap                    m_preview_bmp_three;
 
-    // Drag state
-    bool   m_dragging{false};
+    // Drag state. The ratio bar and the triangle picker capture the mouse
+    // independently, so they must not share a flag: a mouse-up on one would
+    // otherwise clear the other's flag and skip its ReleaseMouse().
+    bool   m_ratio_dragging{false};
+    bool   m_tri_dragging{false};
     std::vector<size_t> m_ratio_manual_order;
     size_t m_ratio_editor_idx{0};
     bool   m_ratio_editor_committing{false};
diff --git a/src/slic3r/GUI/TextureImportDialog.cpp b/src/slic3r/GUI/TextureImportDialog.cpp
index e2886687f3..688898ed0a 100644
--- a/src/slic3r/GUI/TextureImportDialog.cpp
+++ b/src/slic3r/GUI/TextureImportDialog.cpp
@@ -184,6 +184,7 @@ public:
     GreenSlider(wxWindow* parent, int value, int minVal, int maxVal,
                 const wxPoint& pos = wxDefaultPosition,
                 const wxSize& size = wxDefaultSize);
+    ~GreenSlider() override;
     int  GetValue() const;
     void SetValue(int val);
     bool Enable(bool enable = true) override;
@@ -213,6 +214,15 @@ GreenSlider::GreenSlider(wxWindow* parent, int value, int minVal, int maxVal,
     Bind(wxEVT_LEFT_DOWN, &GreenSlider::OnMouse, this);
     Bind(wxEVT_LEFT_UP,   &GreenSlider::OnMouse, this);
     Bind(wxEVT_MOTION,    &GreenSlider::OnMouse, this);
+    Bind(wxEVT_MOUSE_CAPTURE_LOST, [this](wxMouseCaptureLostEvent&) { m_dragging = false; });
+}
+
+GreenSlider::~GreenSlider()
+{
+    // See MixedFilamentDialog::~MixedFilamentDialog: a widget destroyed while it
+    // still holds the capture wedges mouse input for the whole application.
+    if (HasCapture())
+        ReleaseMouse();
 }
 
 int GreenSlider::GetValue() const { return m_value; }
@@ -302,7 +312,7 @@ void GreenSlider::OnMouse(wxMouseEvent& evt)
 
     if (evt.LeftDown()) {
         m_dragging = true;
-        CaptureMouse();
+        if (!HasCapture()) CaptureMouse();
         update(evt.GetX());
     } else if (evt.LeftUp()) {
         m_dragging = false;
@@ -1019,11 +1029,20 @@ TexturePreviewCanvas::TexturePreviewCanvas(wxWindow* parent, const wxGLAttribute
     Bind(wxEVT_MIDDLE_DOWN, &TexturePreviewCanvas::on_mouse, this);
     Bind(wxEVT_MIDDLE_UP,   &TexturePreviewCanvas::on_mouse, this);
     Bind(wxEVT_MOTION,      &TexturePreviewCanvas::on_mouse, this);
+    Bind(wxEVT_MOUSE_CAPTURE_LOST, [this](wxMouseCaptureLostEvent&) {
+        m_drag_mode = DragMode::None;
+        m_reset_overlay_pressed = false;
+    });
     Bind(wxEVT_LEAVE_WINDOW, &TexturePreviewCanvas::on_mouse, this);
 }
 
 TexturePreviewCanvas::~TexturePreviewCanvas()
 {
+    // See MixedFilamentDialog::~MixedFilamentDialog: a widget destroyed while it
+    // still holds the capture wedges mouse input for the whole application.
+    if (HasCapture())
+        ReleaseMouse();
+
     if (m_context) {
         SetCurrent(*m_context);
         if (m_tex_id)

From 4a32a9e0664b4d2a9fac452018ed51ceef96ac67 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: SoftFever <softfeverever@gmail.com>
Date: Sun, 23 Aug 2026 21:55:02 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 32/51] Match mixed filament swatches to the editor's gradient
 preview

The sidebar Mixed Filament list, the extruder icons, the color painting
gizmo and the canvas filament bar now show the same bottom-to-top fade the
Edit Mixed Filament preview shows, custom gradient curves included, instead
of a horizontal fade between the two component colours. Ordinary and vendor
multi-colour filaments are drawn exactly as before.
---
 src/slic3r/GUI/FilamentBitmapUtils.cpp        | 123 +++++++++++++++++-
 src/slic3r/GUI/FilamentBitmapUtils.hpp        |  29 ++++-
 src/slic3r/GUI/GLCanvas3D.cpp                 |  18 +--
 .../GUI/Gizmos/GLGizmoMmuSegmentation.cpp     |  35 ++---
 .../GUI/Gizmos/GLGizmoMmuSegmentation.hpp     |  20 ++-
 src/slic3r/GUI/ImGuiWrapper.cpp               |  19 +++
 src/slic3r/GUI/ImGuiWrapper.hpp               |  16 +++
 src/slic3r/GUI/MixedFilamentDialog.cpp        |  33 +----
 src/slic3r/GUI/Plater.cpp                     |  74 ++++++-----
 src/slic3r/GUI/Plater.hpp                     |  14 +-
 src/slic3r/GUI/wxExtensions.cpp               |  56 +++++---
 src/slic3r/GUI/wxExtensions.hpp               |   5 +-
 .../test_filament_bitmap_utils.cpp            | 120 +++++++++++++++++
 13 files changed, 429 insertions(+), 133 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/slic3r/GUI/FilamentBitmapUtils.cpp b/src/slic3r/GUI/FilamentBitmapUtils.cpp
index b3f58fa4f1..45368e0537 100644
--- a/src/slic3r/GUI/FilamentBitmapUtils.cpp
+++ b/src/slic3r/GUI/FilamentBitmapUtils.cpp
@@ -31,6 +31,114 @@ void fill_gradient_rect_east(wxDC& dc, const wxRect& rect, const wxColour& from,
     }
 }
 
+static std::string to_hex(const wxColour& c)
+{
+    return wxString::Format("#%02X%02X%02X", c.Red(), c.Green(), c.Blue()).ToStdString();
+}
+
+wxColour blend_n_colors(const std::vector<wxColour>& cols, const std::vector<double>& weights)
+{
+    const size_t n = std::min(cols.size(), weights.size());
+    std::vector<std::string> hex_colors;
+    std::vector<int>         int_weights;
+    hex_colors.reserve(n);
+    int_weights.reserve(n);
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
+        hex_colors.push_back(to_hex(cols[i]));
+        // Scale double weights (e.g. 0.5) to int (5000) for blend_color_multi;
+        // only relative magnitude matters.
+        int_weights.push_back(static_cast<int>(std::lround(weights[i] * 10000.0)));
+    }
+    wxColour blended(Slic3r::blend_color_multi(hex_colors, int_weights));
+    return blended.IsOk() ? blended : wxColour(128, 128, 128);
+}
+
+std::vector<wxColour> sample_gradient_ramp(const wxColour& first,
+                                           const wxColour& second,
+                                           const Slic3r::GradientCurve& curve,
+                                           int steps)
+{
+    std::vector<wxColour> ramp;
+    if (steps <= 0 || curve.points.size() < 2) return ramp;
+
+    ramp.reserve(steps);
+    for (int i = 0; i < steps; ++i) {
+        const double t  = (steps > 1) ? (i + 0.5) / steps : 0.5;
+        const double r1 = Slic3r::sample_gradient_curve(curve, t);
+        ramp.push_back(blend_n_colors({first, second}, {r1, 1.0 - r1}));
+    }
+    return ramp;
+}
+
+// Resolve the curve a gradient slot is sampled with, mirroring the slicer's fallback in
+// ToolOrdering: a custom curve wins, otherwise a straight line between gradient_range's
+// endpoints, otherwise the 0.10 -> 0.90 default.
+static Slic3r::GradientCurve mixed_gradient_curve(const Slic3r::DynamicPrintConfig& cfg, size_t slot)
+{
+    const auto* curve_opt = cfg.option<ConfigOptionStrings>("filament_mixed_gradient_curve");
+    if (curve_opt && slot < curve_opt->values.size() && !curve_opt->values[slot].empty()) {
+        Slic3r::GradientCurve custom = Slic3r::parse_gradient_curve(curve_opt->values[slot]);
+        if (custom.points.size() >= 2) return custom;
+    }
+
+    double start = kGradientMinRatio, end = kGradientMaxRatio;
+    const auto* range_opt = cfg.option<ConfigOptionStrings>("filament_mixed_gradient_range");
+    if (range_opt && slot < range_opt->values.size() && !range_opt->values[slot].empty()) {
+        CNumericLocalesSetter c_locale_setter;
+        float v0 = 0, v1 = 0;
+        if (std::sscanf(range_opt->values[slot].c_str(), "%f,%f", &v0, &v1) == 2 &&
+            v0 > 0 && v0 < 1.0 && v1 > 0 && v1 < 1.0) {
+            start = v0;
+            end   = v1;
+        }
+    }
+
+    Slic3r::GradientCurve curve;
+    curve.points = {{0.0, start, NAN, NAN}, {1.0, end, NAN, NAN}};
+    return curve;
+}
+
+std::vector<wxColour> mixed_gradient_ramp(const Slic3r::DynamicPrintConfig& cfg, size_t slot, int steps)
+{
+    const auto* is_mixed_opt = cfg.option<ConfigOptionBools>("filament_is_mixed");
+    const auto* grad_opt     = cfg.option<ConfigOptionBools>("filament_mixed_gradient");
+    const auto* comp_opt     = cfg.option<ConfigOptionStrings>("filament_mixed_components");
+    const auto* colour_opt   = cfg.option<ConfigOptionStrings>("filament_colour");
+    if (!is_mixed_opt || !grad_opt || !comp_opt || !colour_opt) return {};
+    if (slot >= is_mixed_opt->values.size() || !is_mixed_opt->values[slot]) return {};
+    if (slot >= grad_opt->values.size() || !grad_opt->values[slot]) return {};
+    if (slot >= comp_opt->values.size()) return {};
+
+    // Only two-component slots fade; anything else stays on the plain blended swatch.
+    const auto comp_ids = Slic3r::parse_mixed_components(comp_opt->values[slot]);
+    if (comp_ids.size() != 2) return {};
+
+    auto component_colour = [&](unsigned int id) {
+        wxColour c = (id >= 1 && id <= colour_opt->values.size()) ? wxColour(colour_opt->values[id - 1]) : wxColour();
+        return c.IsOk() ? c : wxColour("#D9D9D9");
+    };
+
+    // Both gradient_range and the curve express the *first* component's ratio over Z, so
+    // the components stay in config order and the curve alone decides which end is which.
+    return sample_gradient_ramp(component_colour(comp_ids[0]), component_colour(comp_ids[1]),
+                                mixed_gradient_curve(cfg, slot), steps);
+}
+
+void fill_gradient_ramp_rect(wxDC& dc, const wxRect& rect, const std::vector<wxColour>& ramp)
+{
+    if (rect.width <= 0 || rect.height <= 0 || ramp.empty()) return;
+
+    dc.SetPen(*wxTRANSPARENT_PEN);
+    for (int y = 0; y < rect.height; ++y) {
+        // Row 0 is the top of the rect and so takes the ramp's last entry, the model's top.
+        // Mapping over height - 1 keeps both ends of the ramp on screen; a swatch is often
+        // shorter than the ramp is long, so truncating either end would be visible.
+        const double t = (rect.height > 1) ? (double) (rect.height - 1 - y) / (rect.height - 1) : 0.5;
+        dc.SetBrush(wxBrush(ramp[static_cast<size_t>(t * (ramp.size() - 1) + 0.5)]));
+        dc.DrawRectangle(rect.x, rect.y + y, rect.width, 1);
+    }
+}
+
 // Helper struct to hold bitmap and DC
 struct BitmapDC {
     wxBitmap bitmap;
@@ -50,6 +158,19 @@ static BitmapDC init_bitmap_dc(const wxSize& size) {
     return BitmapDC(size);
 }
 
+wxBitmap create_gradient_ramp_bitmap(const std::vector<wxColour>& ramp, const wxSize& size)
+{
+    if (ramp.empty()) return wxNullBitmap;
+
+    BitmapDC bdc = init_bitmap_dc(size);
+    if (!bdc.dc.IsOk()) return wxNullBitmap;
+
+    fill_gradient_ramp_rect(bdc.dc, wxRect(0, 0, size.GetWidth(), size.GetHeight()), ramp);
+
+    bdc.dc.SelectObject(wxNullBitmap);
+    return bdc.bitmap;
+}
+
 // Check if a color is transparent (alpha == 0)
 static bool is_transparent_color(const wxColour& color) {
     return color.Alpha() == 0;
@@ -313,7 +434,7 @@ void recompute_mixed_slot_colors(std::vector<wxColour>& colors,
             if (id == 0 || id > colors.size()) { any_invalid = true; break; }
             wxColour c = colors[id - 1];
             if (c.IsOk() && (c.Red() > 0 || c.Green() > 0 || c.Blue() > 0)) {
-                hex_colors.push_back(wxString::Format("#%02X%02X%02X", c.Red(), c.Green(), c.Blue()).ToStdString());
+                hex_colors.push_back(to_hex(c));
             } else if (colour_opt && (id - 1) < colour_opt->values.size()) {
                 hex_colors.push_back(colour_opt->values[id - 1]);
             } else {
diff --git a/src/slic3r/GUI/FilamentBitmapUtils.hpp b/src/slic3r/GUI/FilamentBitmapUtils.hpp
index 2e428e8d32..9cb8d64249 100644
--- a/src/slic3r/GUI/FilamentBitmapUtils.hpp
+++ b/src/slic3r/GUI/FilamentBitmapUtils.hpp
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
 
 // Orca: forward-declare so the header is self-contained outside libslic3r_gui's
 // force-included pch (the GUI test suite includes it directly).
-namespace Slic3r { class DynamicPrintConfig; }
+namespace Slic3r { class DynamicPrintConfig; struct GradientCurve; }
 
 namespace Slic3r { namespace GUI {
 
@@ -32,6 +32,33 @@ wxBitmap create_filament_bitmap(const std::vector<wxColour>& colors,
                               const wxSize& size,
                               bool force_gradient = false);
 
+// Blend colours at the given relative weights through blend_color_multi, so a measured
+// real-world mix is used where one exists instead of a plain channel lerp.
+wxColour blend_n_colors(const std::vector<wxColour>& cols, const std::vector<double>& weights);
+
+// Sample a gradient mixed filament the way the slicer builds it: t runs 0..1 over the
+// model's height, the curve gives the first component's ratio at t, and the two
+// components are blended at that ratio. Entry 0 is the bottom of the model, the last
+// entry its top. Blending goes through blend_n_colors, so measured mixes and the
+// reserved [kGradientMinRatio, kGradientMaxRatio] band are both respected — a plain
+// two-endpoint fade is neither.
+std::vector<wxColour> sample_gradient_ramp(const wxColour& first,
+                                           const wxColour& second,
+                                           const Slic3r::GradientCurve& curve,
+                                           int steps);
+
+// Same ramp for a project config slot, resolving components, colours and curve (or the
+// linear gradient_range fallback) from cfg. Empty unless the slot is a two-component
+// gradient mixed filament, which is what gates every caller to mixed slots only.
+// steps is the ramp's resolution; pass the destination's height in pixels.
+std::vector<wxColour> mixed_gradient_ramp(const Slic3r::DynamicPrintConfig& cfg, size_t slot, int steps);
+
+// Fill rect with a ramp, ramp.front() along the bottom edge.
+void fill_gradient_ramp_rect(wxDC& dc, const wxRect& rect, const std::vector<wxColour>& ramp);
+
+// Swatch bitmap for a gradient mixed filament, drawn bottom to top from the ramp.
+wxBitmap create_gradient_ramp_bitmap(const std::vector<wxColour>& ramp, const wxSize& size);
+
 // Recompute blended representative colors for mixed (virtual) filament slots.
 // Reads mixed-filament config keys from cfg and writes back into colors[i]
 // for every slot where filament_is_mixed[i] is true.
diff --git a/src/slic3r/GUI/GLCanvas3D.cpp b/src/slic3r/GUI/GLCanvas3D.cpp
index 0aeb1b504e..94b0923885 100644
--- a/src/slic3r/GUI/GLCanvas3D.cpp
+++ b/src/slic3r/GUI/GLCanvas3D.cpp
@@ -9718,9 +9718,9 @@ void GLCanvas3D::_render_paint_toolbar() const
     bool disabled = !wxGetApp().plater()->can_fillcolor();
     ColorRGBA rgba;
 
-    // Gradient mixed filaments fade between two colours over Z, so their swatch is drawn as a
-    // two-tone fade rather than the single blended colour in `colors`.
-    auto gradient_info = wxGetApp().plater()->get_filament_gradient_info();
+    // Gradient mixed filaments fade over Z, so their swatch is drawn as that fade rather than
+    // the single blended colour in `colors`. Every other slot's ramp is empty.
+    const auto& gradient_ramps = wxGetApp().plater()->get_filament_gradient_ramps();
 
     for (int i = 0; i < extruder_num; i++) {
         if (i > 0)
@@ -9735,16 +9735,8 @@ void GLCanvas3D::_render_paint_toolbar() const
             if (!ImGui::IsMouseHoveringRect(left_arrow_button.Min, left_arrow_button.Max) && !ImGui::IsMouseHoveringRect(right_arrow_button.Min, right_arrow_button.Max))
                 wxPostEvent(m_canvas, IntEvent(EVT_GLTOOLBAR_FILLCOLOR, i + 1));
         }
-        if (i < (int) gradient_info.size() && gradient_info[i].is_gradient) {
-            auto to_imu32 = [](const std::array<float, 4> &c) -> ImU32 {
-                return IM_COL32(uint8_t(c[0]*255.f), uint8_t(c[1]*255.f), uint8_t(c[2]*255.f), uint8_t(c[3]*255.f));
-            };
-            ImVec2 r_min = ImGui::GetItemRectMin();
-            ImVec2 r_max = ImGui::GetItemRectMax();
-            ImU32 col_from = to_imu32(gradient_info[i].color_from);
-            ImU32 col_to   = to_imu32(gradient_info[i].color_to);
-            ImGui::GetWindowDrawList()->AddRectFilledMultiColor(r_min, r_max, col_from, col_to, col_to, col_from);
-        }
+        if (i < (int) gradient_ramps.size() && !gradient_ramps[i].empty())
+            ImGuiWrapper::draw_gradient_ramp(draw_list, ImGui::GetItemRectMin(), ImGui::GetItemRectMax(), gradient_ramps[i]);
         if (ImGui::IsItemHovered() && i < 9) {
             if (!ImGui::IsMouseHoveringRect(left_arrow_button.Min, left_arrow_button.Max) && !ImGui::IsMouseHoveringRect(right_arrow_button.Min, right_arrow_button.Max)) {
                 ImGui::PushStyleVar(ImGuiStyleVar_WindowPadding, { 20.0f * f_scale, 10.0f * f_scale });
diff --git a/src/slic3r/GUI/Gizmos/GLGizmoMmuSegmentation.cpp b/src/slic3r/GUI/Gizmos/GLGizmoMmuSegmentation.cpp
index 45839b66ea..3f05f9c22c 100644
--- a/src/slic3r/GUI/Gizmos/GLGizmoMmuSegmentation.cpp
+++ b/src/slic3r/GUI/Gizmos/GLGizmoMmuSegmentation.cpp
@@ -78,13 +78,8 @@ void GLGizmoMmuSegmentation::init_extruders_data()
     m_extruders_colors      = wxGetApp().plater()->get_extruders_colors();
     m_selected_extruder_idx = 0;
 
-    auto plater_grad = wxGetApp().plater()->get_filament_gradient_info();
-    m_gradient_info.resize(m_extruders_colors.size());
-    for (size_t i = 0; i < m_gradient_info.size() && i < plater_grad.size(); ++i) {
-        m_gradient_info[i].is_gradient = plater_grad[i].is_gradient;
-        m_gradient_info[i].color_from  = plater_grad[i].color_from;
-        m_gradient_info[i].color_to    = plater_grad[i].color_to;
-    }
+    m_gradient_ramps = wxGetApp().plater()->get_filament_gradient_ramps();
+    m_gradient_ramps.resize(m_extruders_colors.size());
 
     // keep remap table consistent with current extruder count
     m_extruder_remap.resize(m_extruders_colors.size());
@@ -325,25 +320,19 @@ bool GLGizmoMmuSegmentation::draw_color_button(int idx, const char* id_str, cons
     ImVec4      color_vec = ImGuiWrapper::to_ImVec4(color);
     ImU32       br_color  = ImGui::ColorConvertFloat4ToU32(active ? ImGuiWrapper::COL_ORCA : m_is_dark_mode ? ImVec4(.35f, .35f, .35f, 1) : ImVec4(.85f, .85f, .85f, 1));
     // Every caller labels the button with the 1 based slot number, so idx - 1 picks out the slot's fade.
-    const GradientInfo* gradient = gradient_of(idx - 1);
-    // ImGui interpolates the fade linearly, so the centered slot number lands on the midpoint of the two
-    // endpoints - take its contrast from there, not from the slot's blended color.
-    ColorRGBA   tone      = gradient ? ColorRGBA(0.5f * (gradient->color_from[0] + gradient->color_to[0]),
-                                                 0.5f * (gradient->color_from[1] + gradient->color_to[1]),
-                                                 0.5f * (gradient->color_from[2] + gradient->color_to[2]), 1.f)
-                                     : color;
-    bool        dark_tone = (0.299f * tone.r() + 0.587f * tone.g() + 0.114f * tone.b()) < 0.51f; // matching values used by wxWidgets with clr.GetLuminance() < 0.51
+    const std::vector<wxColour>* gradient = gradient_of(idx - 1);
+    // The centered slot number sits at the swatch's mid height, so take its contrast from the colour
+    // printed there rather than from the slot's blended color.
+    bool dark_tone = gradient ? (*gradient)[gradient->size() / 2].GetLuminance() < 0.51 :
+                                (0.299f * color.r() + 0.587f * color.g() + 0.114f * color.b()) < 0.51f; // matching values used by wxWidgets with clr.GetLuminance() < 0.51
 
     // Paint a gradient mixed filament's fade before the button and keep the button transparent, so the
-    // slot number and the frame below stay on top of it. AddRectFilledMultiColor cannot round its
-    // corners, so the fade is drawn at the frame's inset and the frame masks it into the same shape a
-    // plain color slot gets.
+    // slot number and the frame below stay on top of it. The bands cannot round their corners, so the
+    // fade is drawn at the frame's inset and the frame masks it into the same shape a plain color slot
+    // gets.
     if (gradient) {
-        auto to_imu32 = [](const std::array<float, 4>& c) { return ImGui::ColorConvertFloat4ToU32({c[0], c[1], c[2], c[3]}); };
-        draw_list->AddRectFilledMultiColor({pos.x + frame_inset * scale, pos.y + frame_inset * scale},
-                                           {pos.x + size.x - frame_inset * scale, pos.y + size.y - frame_inset * scale},
-                                           to_imu32(gradient->color_from), to_imu32(gradient->color_to),
-                                           to_imu32(gradient->color_to), to_imu32(gradient->color_from));
+        ImGuiWrapper::draw_gradient_ramp(draw_list, {pos.x + frame_inset * scale, pos.y + frame_inset * scale},
+                                         {pos.x + size.x - frame_inset * scale, pos.y + size.y - frame_inset * scale}, *gradient);
         color_vec.w = 0.f; // let the fade show through
     }
 
diff --git a/src/slic3r/GUI/Gizmos/GLGizmoMmuSegmentation.hpp b/src/slic3r/GUI/Gizmos/GLGizmoMmuSegmentation.hpp
index 9f080fb300..7d83468ea5 100644
--- a/src/slic3r/GUI/Gizmos/GLGizmoMmuSegmentation.hpp
+++ b/src/slic3r/GUI/Gizmos/GLGizmoMmuSegmentation.hpp
@@ -78,14 +78,6 @@ public:
     // filaments occupy ordinary slots, so they draw from the same budget as physical ones.
     static const constexpr size_t EXTRUDERS_LIMIT = static_cast<size_t>(EnforcerBlockerType::ExtruderMax);
 
-    // Endpoint colours for gradient mixed filaments, mirrored from Plater so the extruder
-    // swatches below can be drawn as a two-tone fade instead of a single blended colour.
-    struct GradientInfo {
-        bool is_gradient = false;
-        std::array<float, 4> color_from = {0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 1.0f};
-        std::array<float, 4> color_to   = {0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 1.0f};
-    };
-
     const float get_cursor_radius_min() const override { return CursorRadiusMin; }
 
     // BBS
@@ -123,7 +115,10 @@ protected:
     
     // Filament remap feature
     std::vector<size_t>               m_extruder_remap;      // index → target extruder index
-    std::vector<GradientInfo>         m_gradient_info;       // per-slot gradient endpoints, empty entries for plain filaments
+    // Colours each gradient mixed filament actually prints, bottom of the model first, mirrored
+    // from Plater so the extruder swatches draw the same fade the editor previews. Plain
+    // filament slots keep an empty ramp.
+    std::vector<std::vector<wxColour>> m_gradient_ramps;
     // ORCA: Cache used filaments to filter UI
     std::set<size_t>                  m_used_filaments;      // Set of used filament indices (cached)
 
@@ -146,10 +141,11 @@ private:
 
     // ORCA
     bool draw_color_button(int idx, const char* id_str, const ColorRGBA& color, ColorRGBA& map_color, bool active, float scale);
-    // Gradient endpoints of a filament slot, or nullptr when the slot is a plain single color filament.
-    const GradientInfo* gradient_of(int idx) const
+    // Gradient ramp of a filament slot, or nullptr when the slot is a plain single color
+    // filament, so callers can index into what they get back freely.
+    const std::vector<wxColour>* gradient_of(int idx) const
     {
-        return idx >= 0 && idx < (int) m_gradient_info.size() && m_gradient_info[idx].is_gradient ? &m_gradient_info[idx] : nullptr;
+        return idx >= 0 && idx < (int) m_gradient_ramps.size() && !m_gradient_ramps[idx].empty() ? &m_gradient_ramps[idx] : nullptr;
     }
 
     // BBS
diff --git a/src/slic3r/GUI/ImGuiWrapper.cpp b/src/slic3r/GUI/ImGuiWrapper.cpp
index d46e8ed31b..0c237a36f2 100644
--- a/src/slic3r/GUI/ImGuiWrapper.cpp
+++ b/src/slic3r/GUI/ImGuiWrapper.cpp
@@ -2404,6 +2404,25 @@ void ImGuiWrapper::draw(
     }
 }
 
+void ImGuiWrapper::draw_gradient_ramp(ImDrawList *draw_list, const ImVec2 &top_left, const ImVec2 &bottom_right, const std::vector<wxColour> &ramp)
+{
+    if (draw_list == nullptr || ramp.empty() || bottom_right.x <= top_left.x || bottom_right.y <= top_left.y)
+        return;
+
+    const int    rows  = std::max(1, (int) std::lround(bottom_right.y - top_left.y));
+    const float  row_h = (bottom_right.y - top_left.y) / rows;
+    const size_t last  = ramp.size() - 1;
+    for (int r = 0; r < rows; ++r) {
+        // Row 0 is the top of the rect and so takes the ramp's last entry, the model's top.
+        const double    t = (rows > 1) ? (double) (rows - 1 - r) / (rows - 1) : 0.5;
+        const wxColour &c = ramp[(size_t) (t * last + 0.5)];
+        // The bottom row snaps to the rect's edge so rounding never leaves a sliver uncovered.
+        const float y0 = top_left.y + r * row_h;
+        const float y1 = (r + 1 == rows) ? bottom_right.y : top_left.y + (r + 1) * row_h;
+        draw_list->AddRectFilled({top_left.x, y0}, {bottom_right.x, y1}, IM_COL32(c.Red(), c.Green(), c.Blue(), c.Alpha()));
+    }
+}
+
 void ImGuiWrapper::draw_cross_hair(const ImVec2 &position, float radius, ImU32 color, int num_segments, float thickness) {
     auto draw_list = ImGui::GetOverlayDrawList();
     draw_list->AddCircle(position, radius, color, num_segments, thickness);
diff --git a/src/slic3r/GUI/ImGuiWrapper.hpp b/src/slic3r/GUI/ImGuiWrapper.hpp
index b586094ab3..db94b3edcb 100644
--- a/src/slic3r/GUI/ImGuiWrapper.hpp
+++ b/src/slic3r/GUI/ImGuiWrapper.hpp
@@ -3,10 +3,12 @@
 
 #include <string>
 #include <map>
+#include <vector>
 #include <cstdlib>
 
 #include <imgui/imgui.h>
 
+#include <wx/colour.h>
 #include <wx/string.h>
 
 #include "libslic3r/Point.hpp"
@@ -299,6 +301,20 @@ public:
                                 int           num_segments = 0,
                                 float         thickness    = 4.f);
 
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Fill a rect with a filament gradient ramp, one band per pixel row, ramp.front() along
+    /// the bottom edge. Bands rather than one interpolated rect, because the ramp follows the
+    /// slot's gradient curve and ImGui's corner interpolation could only draw a straight fade.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="draw_list">Define where to draw it</param>
+    /// <param name="top_left">Upper left corner of the rect</param>
+    /// <param name="bottom_right">Lower right corner of the rect</param>
+    /// <param name="ramp">Colours printed, bottom of the model first</param>
+    static void draw_gradient_ramp(ImDrawList *          draw_list,
+                                   const ImVec2 &        top_left,
+                                   const ImVec2 &        bottom_right,
+                                   const std::vector<wxColour> &ramp);
+
     /// <summary>
     /// Check that font ranges contain all chars in string
     /// (rendered Unicodes are stored in GlyphRanges)
diff --git a/src/slic3r/GUI/MixedFilamentDialog.cpp b/src/slic3r/GUI/MixedFilamentDialog.cpp
index b72846452f..42ed49bb70 100644
--- a/src/slic3r/GUI/MixedFilamentDialog.cpp
+++ b/src/slic3r/GUI/MixedFilamentDialog.cpp
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@
 #include "GUI.hpp"
 #include "GUI_App.hpp"
 #include "GradientCurveEditor.hpp"
+#include "FilamentBitmapUtils.hpp"
 #include "wxExtensions.hpp"
 #include "Tab.hpp"
 #include "libslic3r/Preset.hpp"
@@ -115,19 +116,6 @@ static wxColour blend_colors(const wxColour& a, const wxColour& b, double ratio_
     return wxColour(r, g, bl);
 }
 
-static wxColour blend_n_colors(const std::vector<wxColour>& cols, const std::vector<double>& weights)
-{
-    std::vector<std::string> hex_colors;
-    std::vector<int> int_weights;
-    for (size_t i = 0; i < cols.size() && i < weights.size(); ++i) {
-        hex_colors.push_back(cols[i].GetAsString(wxC2S_HTML_SYNTAX).ToStdString());
-        // Scale double weights (e.g. 0.5) to int (5000) for blend_color_multi;
-        // only relative magnitude matters.
-        int_weights.push_back(static_cast<int>(std::lround(weights[i] * 10000)));
-    }
-    std::string hex = Slic3r::blend_color_multi(hex_colors, int_weights);
-    return wxColour(hex);
-}
 
 // ---- Constructors ----
 
@@ -709,21 +697,10 @@ wxBoxSizer* MixedFilamentDialog::create_preview_panel()
                 curve.points = {{0.0, yStart, NAN, NAN}, {1.0, yEnd, NAN, NAN}};
             }
 
-            wxColour colA = comp_colour(0);
-            wxColour colB = comp_colour(1);
-            const int bands = std::max(80, swatch_sz);
-            double band_h = static_cast<double>(swatch_sz) / bands;
-            dc.SetPen(*wxTRANSPARENT_PEN);
-            for (int b = 0; b < bands; ++b) {
-                double t = 1.0 - (b + 0.5) / bands;
-                double r1 = Slic3r::sample_gradient_curve(curve, t);
-                double r2 = 1.0 - r1;
-                wxColour band_col = blend_n_colors({colA, colB}, {r1, r2});
-                dc.SetBrush(wxBrush(band_col));
-                int by = y0 + static_cast<int>(b * band_h);
-                int bh = static_cast<int>((b + 1) * band_h) - static_cast<int>(b * band_h) + 1;
-                dc.DrawRectangle(x0, by, swatch_sz, bh);
-            }
+            // Same sampler the sidebar, extruder icons and paint gizmo swatches use, so this
+            // preview and every swatch drawn for the filament agree on what it looks like.
+            auto ramp = sample_gradient_ramp(comp_colour(0), comp_colour(1), curve, std::max(80, swatch_sz));
+            fill_gradient_ramp_rect(dc, wxRect(x0, y0, swatch_sz, swatch_sz), ramp);
 
             // Mask corners: overdraw a thick background-colored rounded rect frame
             // so the inner edge forms the desired rounded corners.
diff --git a/src/slic3r/GUI/Plater.cpp b/src/slic3r/GUI/Plater.cpp
index 7ff7b193df..c730dd705e 100644
--- a/src/slic3r/GUI/Plater.cpp
+++ b/src/slic3r/GUI/Plater.cpp
@@ -4101,30 +4101,27 @@ void Sidebar::update_mixed_filament_list()
             wxColour mix_col(mix_color_str);
             unsigned int mix_num = (unsigned int)(cfg_idx + 1);
 
-            if (is_gradient && comp_ids.size() == 2) {
-                unsigned int from_id = (gradient_direction == 0) ? comp_ids[0] : comp_ids[1];
-                unsigned int to_id   = (gradient_direction == 0) ? comp_ids[1] : comp_ids[0];
-                wxColour col_from = (from_id >= 1 && from_id <= physical_colors.size())
-                    ? wxColour(physical_colors[from_id - 1]) : wxColour("#D9D9D9");
-                wxColour col_to = (to_id >= 1 && to_id <= physical_colors.size())
-                    ? wxColour(physical_colors[to_id - 1]) : wxColour("#D9D9D9");
-                int swatch_sz = FromDIP(20);
+            // The swatch fades bottom to top over the model's height, sampled the same way
+            // the slicer builds the sublayers, so it matches the editor's Effect Preview. It
+            // comes back empty for every slot that is not a two component gradient mix.
+            const int swatch_sz = FromDIP(20);
+            const std::vector<wxColour> gradient_ramp = mixed_gradient_ramp(project_config, cfg_idx, swatch_sz);
+
+            if (!gradient_ramp.empty()) {
                 auto* grad_panel = new wxPanel(p->m_panel_mixed_content, wxID_ANY,
                                                wxDefaultPosition, wxSize(swatch_sz, swatch_sz));
                 grad_panel->SetMinSize(wxSize(swatch_sz, swatch_sz));
                 grad_panel->SetBackgroundStyle(wxBG_STYLE_PAINT);
-                grad_panel->Bind(wxEVT_PAINT, [grad_panel, col_from, col_to, mix_num, mc_text](wxPaintEvent&) {
+                grad_panel->Bind(wxEVT_PAINT, [grad_panel, gradient_ramp, mix_num, mc_text](wxPaintEvent&) {
                     wxBufferedPaintDC dc(grad_panel);
                     wxSize sz = grad_panel->GetClientSize();
-                    fill_gradient_rect_east(dc, wxRect(0, 0, sz.GetWidth(), sz.GetHeight()), col_from, col_to);
+                    fill_gradient_ramp_rect(dc, wxRect(0, 0, sz.GetWidth(), sz.GetHeight()), gradient_ramp);
                     wxString txt = wxString::Format("%u", mix_num);
                     dc.SetFont(::Label::Body_14);
                     wxSize txt_sz = dc.GetTextExtent(txt);
-                    wxColour mid(
-                        (col_from.Red()   + col_to.Red())   / 2,
-                        (col_from.Green() + col_to.Green()) / 2,
-                        (col_from.Blue()  + col_to.Blue())  / 2);
-                    dc.SetTextForeground(mid.GetLuminance() > 0.5 ? mc_text : *wxWHITE);
+                    // The number sits at the swatch's middle, so take its contrast from the
+                    // colour printed at mid height rather than from either endpoint.
+                    dc.SetTextForeground(gradient_ramp[gradient_ramp.size() / 2].GetLuminance() > 0.5 ? mc_text : *wxWHITE);
                     dc.DrawText(txt, (sz.GetWidth() - txt_sz.GetWidth()) / 2,
                                      (sz.GetHeight() - txt_sz.GetHeight()) / 2);
                 });
@@ -19989,24 +19986,41 @@ std::vector<std::string> Plater::get_filament_color_render_type() const
     return ctype;
 }
 
-std::vector<Plater::FilamentGradientInfo> Plater::get_filament_gradient_info() const
+const std::vector<std::vector<wxColour>>& Plater::get_filament_gradient_ramps() const
 {
-    const Slic3r::DynamicPrintConfig* config = &wxGetApp().preset_bundle->project_config;
-    size_t n = get_extruder_colors_from_plater_config().size();
-    std::vector<FilamentGradientInfo> info(n);
+    // Sampling a ramp walks the measured-blend recipe table once per step, and the paint toolbar
+    // asks for the ramps on every rendered frame, so they are cached against the config values
+    // they are built from and resampled only when one of those actually changes.
+    //
+    // The cache cannot live on the Plater: the extruder icons ask for the ramps from inside
+    // MenuFactory::init(), which runs while this Plater is still being constructed, so `this` is
+    // not usable yet. Everything the ramps are built from is global anyway, and there is one
+    // Plater per process, which is the same reasoning behind the icons' own static BitmapCache.
+    static std::string                        s_ramps_key;
+    static std::vector<std::vector<wxColour>> s_ramps;
 
-    auto slots = parse_mixed_gradient_slots(*config, n);
-    unsigned char rgba[4] = {};
-    for (size_t i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
-        if (!slots[i].is_gradient) continue;
-        info[i].is_gradient = true;
-        Slic3r::GUI::BitmapCache::parse_color4(slots[i].color_from, rgba);
-        info[i].color_from = {rgba[0] / 255.f, rgba[1] / 255.f, rgba[2] / 255.f, rgba[3] / 255.f};
-        Slic3r::GUI::BitmapCache::parse_color4(slots[i].color_to, rgba);
-        info[i].color_to = {rgba[0] / 255.f, rgba[1] / 255.f, rgba[2] / 255.f, rgba[3] / 255.f};
-    }
+    static const char* ramp_keys[] = {"filament_is_mixed",             "filament_mixed_gradient",
+                                      "filament_mixed_components",     "filament_colour",
+                                      "filament_mixed_gradient_range", "filament_mixed_gradient_curve"};
 
-    return info;
+    const Slic3r::DynamicPrintConfig& config = wxGetApp().preset_bundle->project_config;
+    std::string key;
+    for (const char* opt_key : ramp_keys)
+        if (const ConfigOption* opt = config.option(opt_key))
+            key += opt->serialize() + '\n';
+    if (key == s_ramps_key)
+        return s_ramps;
+
+    // 64 bands outresolve every swatch drawn from this, all of which resample it down to their
+    // own height, so one cached resolution serves the icons and both ImGui filament bars.
+    const auto*  colour_opt = config.option<ConfigOptionStrings>("filament_colour");
+    const size_t n          = colour_opt ? colour_opt->values.size() : 0;
+    s_ramps.assign(n, {});
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < n; ++i)
+        s_ramps[i] = mixed_gradient_ramp(config, i, 64);
+    s_ramps_key = std::move(key);
+
+    return s_ramps;
 }
 
 /* Get vector of colors used for rendering of a Preview scene in "Color print" mode
diff --git a/src/slic3r/GUI/Plater.hpp b/src/slic3r/GUI/Plater.hpp
index 147f61bed6..5308deec61 100644
--- a/src/slic3r/GUI/Plater.hpp
+++ b/src/slic3r/GUI/Plater.hpp
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 #include <vector>
 #include <boost/filesystem/path.hpp>
 
+#include <wx/colour.h>
 #include <wx/panel.h>
 // BBS
 #include <wx/notebook.h>
@@ -607,14 +608,11 @@ public:
     std::vector<std::string> get_filament_colors_render_info() const;
     std::vector<std::string> get_filament_color_render_type() const;
 
-    // Endpoint colours for gradient mixed filaments, so the 3D scene and the paint gizmo can
-    // draw a two-tone swatch. is_gradient is false for every ordinary filament slot.
-    struct FilamentGradientInfo {
-        bool is_gradient = false;
-        std::array<float, 4> color_from = {0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 1.0f};
-        std::array<float, 4> color_to   = {0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 1.0f};
-    };
-    std::vector<FilamentGradientInfo> get_filament_gradient_info() const;
+    // Per slot, the colours a gradient mixed filament actually prints, sampled bottom (index 0)
+    // to top, so the sidebar, the paint gizmo and the extruder icons draw the same fade the
+    // editor previews rather than a straight blend of two endpoints. A slot that is not a
+    // gradient mixed filament gets an empty ramp. Cached; recomputed when the config changes.
+    const std::vector<std::vector<wxColour>>& get_filament_gradient_ramps() const;
     std::vector<std::string> get_colors_for_color_print(const GCodeProcessorResult* const result = nullptr) const;
 
     void set_global_filament_map_mode(FilamentMapMode mode);
diff --git a/src/slic3r/GUI/wxExtensions.cpp b/src/slic3r/GUI/wxExtensions.cpp
index 2ca8f3cfbd..88e2df31c0 100644
--- a/src/slic3r/GUI/wxExtensions.cpp
+++ b/src/slic3r/GUI/wxExtensions.cpp
@@ -555,14 +555,20 @@ std::vector<wxBitmap*> get_extruder_color_icons(bool thin_icon/* = false*/)
         const int    icon_width  = lround((thin_icon ? 2 : 4.4) * em);
         const int    icon_height = lround(2 * em);
 
+        // A gradient mixed filament fades over the model's height, so it gets the same
+        // curve-sampled ramp the editor previews instead of a fade between two endpoints.
+        const auto& gradient_ramps = Slic3r::GUI::wxGetApp().plater()->get_filament_gradient_ramps();
+
         int index = 0;
         for (const auto &colors : readable_color_info) {
             auto label = std::to_string(++index);
-            bool is_gradient = ctype[index-1] == "0";
-            if (colors.size() == 1) {
+            const size_t slot = index - 1;
+            bool is_gradient = ctype[slot] == "0";
+            const std::vector<wxColour>* ramp = (slot < gradient_ramps.size() && !gradient_ramps[slot].empty()) ? &gradient_ramps[slot] : nullptr;
+            if (ramp == nullptr && colors.size() == 1) {
                 bmps.push_back(get_extruder_color_icon(colors[0], label, icon_width, icon_height));
             } else {
-                bmps.push_back(get_extruder_color_icon(colors, is_gradient, label, icon_width, icon_height));
+                bmps.push_back(get_extruder_color_icon(colors, is_gradient, label, icon_width, icon_height, ramp));
             }
         }
     } else {
@@ -630,14 +636,27 @@ wxColourData show_sys_picker_dialog(wxWindow *parent, const wxColourData &clr_da
     return data;
 }
 
-wxBitmap *get_extruder_color_icon(std::vector<std::string> colors, bool is_gradient, std::string label, int icon_width, int icon_height){
+wxBitmap *get_extruder_color_icon(std::vector<std::string> colors, bool is_gradient, std::string label, int icon_width, int icon_height,
+                                  const std::vector<wxColour> *ramp){
 
     static Slic3r::GUI::BitmapCache bmp_cache;
 
-    // build cache key, include all color info
+    // build cache key, include all color info. A ramp already encodes its slot's components,
+    // colours and curve, so keying on it rebuilds the icon whenever any of them change.
     std::string bitmap_key = "";
-    for (const auto& color : colors) {
-        bitmap_key += color + "_";
+    if (ramp != nullptr) {
+        static const char hex_digits[] = "0123456789ABCDEF";
+        bitmap_key = "grad_";
+        for (const wxColour &c : *ramp)
+            for (unsigned char v : {c.Red(), c.Green(), c.Blue()}) {
+                bitmap_key += hex_digits[v >> 4];
+                bitmap_key += hex_digits[v & 0x0F];
+            }
+        bitmap_key += "_";
+    } else {
+        for (const auto& color : colors) {
+            bitmap_key += color + "_";
+        }
     }
     bitmap_key += "h" + std::to_string(icon_height) + "-w" + std::to_string(icon_width) + "-i" + label;
 
@@ -647,16 +666,21 @@ wxBitmap *get_extruder_color_icon(std::vector<std::string> colors, bool is_gradi
     #endif
     if (bitmap == nullptr) {
 
-        std::vector<wxColour> wx_colors;
-        for (const auto& color_str : colors) {
-            wx_colors.push_back(wxColour(color_str));
-        }
-        if (wx_colors.empty()) {
-            wx_colors.push_back(wxColour("#636363")); // default color if no colors provided
-        }
+        wxBitmap base_bitmap;
+        if (ramp != nullptr) {
+            base_bitmap = Slic3r::GUI::create_gradient_ramp_bitmap(*ramp, wxSize(icon_width, icon_height));
+        } else {
+            std::vector<wxColour> wx_colors;
+            for (const auto& color_str : colors) {
+                wx_colors.push_back(wxColour(color_str));
+            }
+            if (wx_colors.empty()) {
+                wx_colors.push_back(wxColour("#636363")); // default color if no colors provided
+            }
 
-        // create filament bitmap in multi color
-        wxBitmap base_bitmap = Slic3r::GUI::create_filament_bitmap(wx_colors, wxSize(icon_width, icon_height), is_gradient);
+            // create filament bitmap in multi color
+            base_bitmap = Slic3r::GUI::create_filament_bitmap(wx_colors, wxSize(icon_width, icon_height), is_gradient);
+        }
 
         if (!base_bitmap.IsOk()) {
             // if create failed, return nullptr
diff --git a/src/slic3r/GUI/wxExtensions.hpp b/src/slic3r/GUI/wxExtensions.hpp
index 502614eb92..2754b3e5ba 100644
--- a/src/slic3r/GUI/wxExtensions.hpp
+++ b/src/slic3r/GUI/wxExtensions.hpp
@@ -75,7 +75,10 @@ wxBitmap create_scaled_bitmap(const std::string& bmp_name, wxWindow *win = nullp
 wxBitmap* get_default_extruder_color_icon(bool thin_icon = false);
 std::vector<wxBitmap *> get_extruder_color_icons(bool thin_icon = false);
 wxBitmap * get_extruder_color_icon(std::string color, std::string label, int icon_width, int icon_height);
-wxBitmap * get_extruder_color_icon(std::vector<std::string> colors, bool is_gradient, std::string label, int icon_width, int icon_height);
+// A non-null ramp draws the slot as a gradient mixed filament instead: it holds the colours the
+// slot actually prints, bottom entry first, and is drawn bottom to top rather than from colors.
+wxBitmap * get_extruder_color_icon(std::vector<std::string> colors, bool is_gradient, std::string label, int icon_width, int icon_height,
+                                   const std::vector<wxColour> *ramp = nullptr);
 std::vector<std::vector<std::string>> read_color_pack(std::vector<std::string> color_pack);
 wxColourData show_sys_picker_dialog(wxWindow *parent, const wxColourData &clr_data);
 
diff --git a/tests/slic3rutils/test_filament_bitmap_utils.cpp b/tests/slic3rutils/test_filament_bitmap_utils.cpp
index 9054a82018..35c32570f4 100644
--- a/tests/slic3rutils/test_filament_bitmap_utils.cpp
+++ b/tests/slic3rutils/test_filament_bitmap_utils.cpp
@@ -13,6 +13,8 @@
 
 #include <catch2/catch_all.hpp>
 
+#include <cmath>
+
 #include <wx/colour.h>
 #include <wx/string.h>
 
@@ -134,3 +136,121 @@ TEST_CASE("recompute_mixed_slot_colors honours the configured ratios and is idem
     recompute_mixed_slot_colors(colors, cfg);
     require_same_rgb(colors[2], first);
 }
+
+// --- mixed_gradient_ramp / sample_gradient_ramp -----------------------------------------
+//
+// The ramp is what every mixed filament swatch is drawn from, so these pin the three things
+// a plain two-endpoint fade got wrong: the reserved ratio band, the component order, and the
+// custom curve.
+
+namespace {
+
+// Slot 3 (index 2) is a gradient mix of physical slots 1 (red) and 2 (blue).
+DynamicPrintConfig gradient_config(const std::string& components = "1,2",
+                                   const std::string& range      = "0.9,0.1",
+                                   const std::string& curve      = "")
+{
+    DynamicPrintConfig cfg;
+    cfg.set_key_value("filament_is_mixed", new ConfigOptionBools({false, false, true}));
+    cfg.set_key_value("filament_mixed_components", new ConfigOptionStrings({"", "", components}));
+    cfg.set_key_value("filament_mixed_gradient", new ConfigOptionBools({false, false, true}));
+    cfg.set_key_value("filament_mixed_gradient_range", new ConfigOptionStrings({"", "", range}));
+    cfg.set_key_value("filament_mixed_gradient_curve", new ConfigOptionStrings({"", "", curve}));
+    cfg.set_key_value("filament_colour", new ConfigOptionStrings({"#FF0000", "#0000FF", "#000000"}));
+    return cfg;
+}
+
+} // namespace
+
+TEST_CASE("mixed_gradient_ramp runs bottom to top and never reaches a pure component", "[FilamentBitmapUtils]")
+{
+    // range "0.9,0.1": component 1 (red) is the majority at the bottom and the minority at the top.
+    const auto ramp = Slic3r::GUI::mixed_gradient_ramp(gradient_config(), 2, 16);
+    REQUIRE(ramp.size() == 16);
+
+    // Neither end is the pure component colour - the slicer clamps the blend to
+    // [kGradientMinRatio, kGradientMaxRatio], which is exactly what a two-endpoint fade missed.
+    REQUIRE(ramp.front() != wxColour(255, 0, 0));
+    REQUIRE(ramp.back() != wxColour(0, 0, 255));
+
+    // Red falls and blue rises monotonically from bottom to top.
+    for (size_t i = 1; i < ramp.size(); ++i) {
+        REQUIRE(int(ramp[i].Red()) <= int(ramp[i - 1].Red()));
+        REQUIRE(int(ramp[i].Blue()) >= int(ramp[i - 1].Blue()));
+    }
+}
+
+TEST_CASE("mixed_gradient_ramp follows the range's direction rather than the component order", "[FilamentBitmapUtils]")
+{
+    const auto rising  = Slic3r::GUI::mixed_gradient_ramp(gradient_config("1,2", "0.1,0.9"), 2, 16);
+    const auto falling = Slic3r::GUI::mixed_gradient_ramp(gradient_config("1,2", "0.9,0.1"), 2, 16);
+    REQUIRE(rising.size() == 16);
+    REQUIRE(falling.size() == 16);
+
+    // "0.1,0.9" starts blue-heavy at the bottom; "0.9,0.1" starts red-heavy. Reversing the
+    // range must reverse the ramp, which HSV-sorted endpoint colours could not express.
+    REQUIRE(int(rising.front().Blue()) > int(rising.front().Red()));
+    REQUIRE(int(falling.front().Red()) > int(falling.front().Blue()));
+    require_same_rgb(rising.front(), falling.back());
+}
+
+TEST_CASE("mixed_gradient_ramp bends with a custom curve", "[FilamentBitmapUtils]")
+{
+    // Component 1 holds near its maximum for the first half, then drops - a shape a straight
+    // fade between two endpoints cannot draw.
+    const auto curved = Slic3r::GUI::mixed_gradient_ramp(
+        gradient_config("1,2", "0.9,0.1", "0,0.9|0.5,0.85|1,0.1"), 2, 16);
+    const auto linear = Slic3r::GUI::mixed_gradient_ramp(gradient_config("1,2", "0.9,0.1"), 2, 16);
+    REQUIRE(curved.size() == 16);
+
+    // The curve holds component 1 high through the lower half, so every band up to mid height
+    // is at least as red as the straight fade and mid height is strictly redder.
+    for (size_t i = 0; i <= curved.size() / 2; ++i)
+        REQUIRE(int(curved[i].Red()) >= int(linear[i].Red()));
+    REQUIRE(int(curved[curved.size() / 2].Red()) > int(linear[linear.size() / 2].Red()));
+    // It still ends blue-dominant, like the straight fade.
+    REQUIRE(int(curved.back().Blue()) > int(curved.back().Red()));
+}
+
+TEST_CASE("mixed_gradient_ramp is empty for anything but a two-component gradient slot", "[FilamentBitmapUtils]")
+{
+    SECTION("slot is not mixed") {
+        REQUIRE(Slic3r::GUI::mixed_gradient_ramp(gradient_config(), 0, 16).empty());
+    }
+    SECTION("gradient is off") {
+        DynamicPrintConfig cfg = gradient_config();
+        cfg.set_key_value("filament_mixed_gradient", new ConfigOptionBools({false, false, false}));
+        REQUIRE(Slic3r::GUI::mixed_gradient_ramp(cfg, 2, 16).empty());
+    }
+    SECTION("three components") {
+        REQUIRE(Slic3r::GUI::mixed_gradient_ramp(gradient_config("1,2,3"), 2, 16).empty());
+    }
+    SECTION("slot out of range") {
+        REQUIRE(Slic3r::GUI::mixed_gradient_ramp(gradient_config(), 9, 16).empty());
+    }
+    SECTION("no mixed keys at all") {
+        REQUIRE(Slic3r::GUI::mixed_gradient_ramp(DynamicPrintConfig{}, 0, 16).empty());
+    }
+}
+
+TEST_CASE("sample_gradient_ramp blends each step through the shared blender", "[FilamentBitmapUtils]")
+{
+    // A flat curve makes every step the same 30/70 mix, which must come out as the blend the
+    // dialog's own swatches are drawn with - not a channel lerp between the two components.
+    GradientCurve curve;
+    curve.points = {{0.0, 0.3, NAN, NAN}, {1.0, 0.3, NAN, NAN}};
+    const auto ramp = Slic3r::GUI::sample_gradient_ramp(wxColour(255, 0, 0), wxColour(0, 0, 255), curve, 4);
+    REQUIRE(ramp.size() == 4);
+
+    const wxColour expected = Slic3r::GUI::blend_n_colors({wxColour(255, 0, 0), wxColour(0, 0, 255)}, {0.3, 0.7});
+    for (const wxColour& c : ramp)
+        require_same_rgb(c, expected);
+}
+
+TEST_CASE("sample_gradient_ramp returns nothing without a usable curve or step count", "[FilamentBitmapUtils]")
+{
+    GradientCurve curve;
+    REQUIRE(Slic3r::GUI::sample_gradient_ramp(wxColour(255, 0, 0), wxColour(0, 0, 255), curve, 8).empty());
+    curve.points = {{0.0, kGradientMaxRatio, NAN, NAN}, {1.0, kGradientMinRatio, NAN, NAN}};
+    REQUIRE(Slic3r::GUI::sample_gradient_ramp(wxColour(255, 0, 0), wxColour(0, 0, 255), curve, 0).empty());
+}

From 7934814077a6d71965be6fd8d7abcec4ab68fb95 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: SoftFever <softfeverever@gmail.com>
Date: Sun, 23 Aug 2026 22:10:05 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 33/51] fix wrong size of the last swatch of each row in Mixing
 Recommendations

---
 src/slic3r/GUI/MixedFilamentDialog.cpp | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/src/slic3r/GUI/MixedFilamentDialog.cpp b/src/slic3r/GUI/MixedFilamentDialog.cpp
index 42ed49bb70..91453a3113 100644
--- a/src/slic3r/GUI/MixedFilamentDialog.cpp
+++ b/src/slic3r/GUI/MixedFilamentDialog.cpp
@@ -1258,7 +1258,7 @@ wxBoxSizer* MixedFilamentDialog::create_recommendation_grid()
     m_recommendation_scroll->SetScrollRate(0, 5);
     m_recommendation_scroll->SetBackgroundColour(StateColor::darkModeColorFor(wxColour("#F8F8F8")));
 
-    m_recommendation_grid = new wxWrapSizer(wxHORIZONTAL, wxWRAPSIZER_DEFAULT_FLAGS);
+    m_recommendation_grid = new wxWrapSizer(wxHORIZONTAL, wxREMOVE_LEADING_SPACES);
     auto* scroll_inner_sizer = new wxBoxSizer(wxVERTICAL);
     scroll_inner_sizer->Add(m_recommendation_grid, 1, wxEXPAND | wxLEFT | wxTOP, FromDIP(8));
     m_recommendation_scroll->SetSizer(scroll_inner_sizer);

From 2b1499a0878b5ea8f93f058366c95f05c17d3673 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: SoftFever <softfeverever@gmail.com>
Date: Sun, 23 Aug 2026 22:43:41 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 34/51] clean up comments

---
 src/libslic3r/Format/OBJ.hpp                  |  4 +--
 src/libslic3r/GCode.cpp                       |  7 ++--
 src/libslic3r/GCode/ToolOrdering.cpp          | 11 +++---
 src/libslic3r/Model.cpp                       |  9 +++--
 src/libslic3r/PresetBundle.cpp                | 35 +++++++-----------
 src/libslic3r/Print.cpp                       |  9 ++---
 src/libslic3r/PrintApply.cpp                  |  4 +--
 .../TextureToColor/TextureToColor.cpp         |  5 ++-
 src/libslic3r/libslic3r.h                     |  7 ++--
 src/slic3r/GUI/ConfigManipulation.cpp         | 10 ++----
 src/slic3r/GUI/FilamentBitmapUtils.cpp        |  3 +-
 src/slic3r/GUI/FilamentBitmapUtils.hpp        | 12 +++----
 src/slic3r/GUI/GLCanvas3D.cpp                 |  7 ++--
 src/slic3r/GUI/GUI_App.cpp                    |  6 ++--
 src/slic3r/GUI/GUI_ObjectList.cpp             |  4 +--
 .../GUI/Gizmos/GLGizmoMmuSegmentation.cpp     |  9 +++--
 .../GUI/Gizmos/GLGizmoMmuSegmentation.hpp     |  2 +-
 src/slic3r/GUI/Gizmos/GLGizmosManager.cpp     |  4 +--
 src/slic3r/GUI/GradientCurveEditor.cpp        | 30 ++++++----------
 src/slic3r/GUI/MixedFilamentDialog.cpp        | 14 ++++----
 src/slic3r/GUI/PartPlate.cpp                  |  9 ++---
 src/slic3r/GUI/PlateSettingsDialog.cpp        |  3 +-
 src/slic3r/GUI/Plater.cpp                     | 36 ++++++++-----------
 src/slic3r/GUI/SyncAmsInfoDialog.cpp          |  4 +--
 src/slic3r/GUI/TextureImportDialog.cpp        | 15 ++++----
 src/slic3r/GUI/Widgets/DropDown.cpp           |  3 +-
 src/slic3r/GUI/WipeTowerDialog.cpp            |  7 ++--
 tests/fff_print/test_mixed_filament.cpp       |  7 ++--
 tests/libslic3r/test_3mf.cpp                  |  6 ++--
 tests/libslic3r/test_filament_mixer.cpp       | 11 +++---
 .../libslic3r/test_preset_bundle_loading.cpp  | 17 ++++-----
 tests/libslic3r/test_triangle_selector.cpp    |  2 +-
 .../test_filament_bitmap_utils.cpp            |  8 ++---
 33 files changed, 127 insertions(+), 193 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/libslic3r/Format/OBJ.hpp b/src/libslic3r/Format/OBJ.hpp
index 7338fe0813..c103326af6 100644
--- a/src/libslic3r/Format/OBJ.hpp
+++ b/src/libslic3r/Format/OBJ.hpp
@@ -38,8 +38,8 @@ extern bool load_obj(const char *path, TriangleMesh *mesh, ObjInfo &vertex_color
 extern bool load_obj(const char *path, Model *model, ObjInfo &vertex_colors, std::string &message, const char *object_name = nullptr, ObjParser::MtlData *out_mtl = nullptr);
 
 struct TexturedMesh;
-// Build a TexturedMesh (vertices + per-face UVs + decoded texture images) from a parsed OBJ
-// plus its material table, so the texture-to-color importer can sample face colours.
+// Build a TexturedMesh (vertices + per-face UVs + the texture files named by map_Kd) from a
+// parsed OBJ plus its material table, so the texture-to-color importer can sample face colours.
 extern bool obj_to_textured_mesh(
     const ObjInfo& obj_info,
     const indexed_triangle_set& its,
diff --git a/src/libslic3r/GCode.cpp b/src/libslic3r/GCode.cpp
index a98a991f03..f28918f05d 100644
--- a/src/libslic3r/GCode.cpp
+++ b/src/libslic3r/GCode.cpp
@@ -6106,8 +6106,7 @@ LayerResult GCode::process_layer(
         // A mixed-color slot is absent from layer_tools.extruders by design: resolve_mixed_filaments()
         // replaced it with its physical components. Its geometry is still keyed under the slot in
         // by_extruder though, and the sublayer emitter looks the plan up by slot id, so append the
-        // slots here. Appended (not merged) so the existing order is untouched, and empty for every
-        // configuration without sublayer splitting.
+        // slots here. Appending rather than merging leaves the flush-optimized order untouched.
         std::vector<unsigned int> plan_filaments = layer_tools.extruders;
         for (const auto &grp : layer_tools.mixed_sub_layer_groups)
             if (std::find(plan_filaments.begin(), plan_filaments.end(), grp.mixed_slot_0based) == plan_filaments.end())
@@ -6593,8 +6592,8 @@ LayerResult GCode::process_layer(
 
         // Mixed-color sublayer extrusion: if this extruder is a component of a mixed sublayer
         // group, extrude the mixed slot's geometry at the appropriate sub-Z with scaled flow.
-        // Ported from BambuStudio's 混色耗材 feature; adapted to Orca's InstanceVisit-based
-        // instance loop and its finer-grained per-role region filament options.
+        // Ported from BambuStudio and adapted to Orca's instance loop and its finer-grained
+        // per-role region filament options.
         for (const auto &grp : layer_tools.mixed_sub_layer_groups) {
             int sub_idx = -1;
             for (size_t k = 0; k < grp.components_0based.size(); ++k) {
diff --git a/src/libslic3r/GCode/ToolOrdering.cpp b/src/libslic3r/GCode/ToolOrdering.cpp
index e59a607d7d..0a97e7ac41 100644
--- a/src/libslic3r/GCode/ToolOrdering.cpp
+++ b/src/libslic3r/GCode/ToolOrdering.cpp
@@ -91,11 +91,9 @@ bool check_filament_printable_after_group(const std::vector<unsigned int> &used_
 }
 
 // Return a zero based extruder from the region, or extruder_override if overriden.
-// The region accessors below resolve mixed-color slots to the physical filament chosen for
-// this layer. Without sub-layer splitting a mixed slot is realized by alternating whole layers
-// (deficit round-robin, see resolve_mixed_filaments), so a region asking "which filament?" must
-// get the resolved physical one, not the virtual slot id. resolve_mixed() is identity when the
-// slot is not mixed, so this is a no-op for every non-mixed setup.
+// The region accessors below resolve mixed-color slots to the physical filament chosen for this
+// layer by resolve_mixed_filaments(), because a virtual slot id is never a real tool. resolve_mixed()
+// returns its argument unchanged for every filament that is not a mixed slot.
 unsigned int LayerTools::wall_extruder_id(const PrintRegion &region) const
 {
 	assert(region.config().outer_wall_filament_id.value > 0);
@@ -2522,8 +2520,7 @@ void ToolOrdering::resolve_mixed_filaments(const PrintConfig &config)
                 //  - untagged region (modifier / painted / etc.) -> per_object_gradient[obj]
                 // Populating both keeps the per-object run state correct even when per-volume
                 // takes over for the same (slot, obj), and lets untagged geometry (which is
-                // explicitly NOT split per-volume in v1 per the design doc) keep its legacy
-                // per-object gradient ratios.
+                // never split per-volume) keep its per-object gradient ratios.
                 if (grp.is_gradient) {
                     auto vol_runs_slot_it = per_vol_runs.find(ext);
                     if (vol_runs_slot_it != per_vol_runs.end()) {
diff --git a/src/libslic3r/Model.cpp b/src/libslic3r/Model.cpp
index 71c042f4e0..600c46e7f5 100644
--- a/src/libslic3r/Model.cpp
+++ b/src/libslic3r/Model.cpp
@@ -309,9 +309,8 @@ Model Model::read_from_file(const std::string&
         ObjParser::MtlData      mtl_data;
         result = load_obj(input_file.c_str(), &model, obj_info, message, nullptr, &mtl_data);
         if (result && obj_info.has_uv_png && !obj_info.uvs.empty() && !model.objects.empty()) {
-            // Textured OBJ: hand the mesh + materials to the texture-to-color importer instead
-            // of the flat per-face colour dialog. Replaces Orca's previous "not implemented"
-            // placeholder for this branch.
+            // Textured OBJ: hand the mesh + materials to the texture-to-color importer
+            // instead of the flat per-face colour dialog.
             auto tex_mesh = std::make_shared<TexturedMesh>();
             std::string obj_dir = boost::filesystem::path(input_file).parent_path().string();
             if (obj_to_textured_mesh(obj_info,
@@ -322,7 +321,7 @@ Model Model::read_from_file(const std::string&
         }
         else if (result && !model.objects.empty() && !model.objects.back()->volumes.empty()) {
             // Vertex-colour and MTL face-colour OBJs also go through the texture-to-color
-            // importer (as precomputed per-face colors) instead of the legacy flat
+            // importer (as precomputed per-face colors) instead of the flat
             // per-face colour dialog, matching the uv_png branch above.
             auto build_tex_mesh_geometry = [&]() {
                 auto tex_mesh = std::make_shared<TexturedMesh>();
@@ -374,7 +373,7 @@ Model Model::read_from_file(const std::string&
     else if (boost::algorithm::iends_with(input_file, ".glb") ||
              boost::algorithm::iends_with(input_file, ".gltf") ||
              boost::algorithm::iends_with(input_file, ".fbx")) {
-        // These formats always carry material/texture data, so they go through the textured
+        // These formats can carry material/texture data, so they go through the textured
         // import path: the geometry becomes a normal object and the texture is handed to the
         // texture-to-color dialog via Model::texture_mesh.
         auto tex_mesh = std::make_shared<TexturedMesh>();
diff --git a/src/libslic3r/PresetBundle.cpp b/src/libslic3r/PresetBundle.cpp
index 74d48118e6..f92bb354ee 100644
--- a/src/libslic3r/PresetBundle.cpp
+++ b/src/libslic3r/PresetBundle.cpp
@@ -2715,19 +2715,13 @@ void PresetBundle::load_installed_sla_materials(AppConfig &config)
         preset.set_visible_from_appconfig(config);
 }
 
-// Mixed-color filament metadata is project state, carried in the 3mf's project_settings.config.
-// BambuStudio also snapshots it in the app config so the last session's mixes are back before any
-// project is opened; there the filament list itself is a single global snapshot, so the mixed
-// arrays live next to it in the global "presets" section. Orca's per-printer preset memory instead
-// rebuilds the filament list from the selected printer's snapshot (filament_%02u/filament_colors)
-// on startup AND on every printer selection — so the mixed arrays, whose component ids are 1-based
-// indices into exactly that list, must live in the same per-printer snapshot or they end up
-// describing a list they were never saved against (and previously got reset on every printer
-// select, losing the mixes over a restart).
-// Missing keys clear the arrays: a printer with no stored mixes must not inherit another's.
-// fallback_to_global additionally reads the legacy shared "presets" keys (the old format) so a
-// config saved by an earlier build still restores at startup; export_selections clears that
-// section on the next save.
+// Mixed-color filament metadata is project state saved in the 3mf, also mirrored into the app
+// config so the last session's mixes are back before any project is opened. It is kept in the
+// per-printer snapshot next to the filament list it indexes (filament_%02u/filament_colors),
+// because that list is rebuilt on every printer selection and the component ids are 1-based
+// indices into exactly that list. Missing keys clear the arrays, so one printer never inherits
+// another's mixes; fallback_to_global also reads the shared "presets" keys an older config
+// layout used, which export_selections drops on the next save.
 static void load_mixed_filament_settings(DynamicPrintConfig &project_config, AppConfig &config,
                                          const std::string &printer_name, size_t n_filaments,
                                          bool fallback_to_global)
@@ -3162,12 +3156,9 @@ void PresetBundle::export_selections(AppConfig &config)
                                                               "|");
     config.set_printer_setting(printer_name, "flush_multiplier", flush_multiplier_str);
 
-    // Mixed-color filament metadata: stored in the per-printer snapshot next to the filament
-    // list it indexes (filament_%02u / filament_colors), so each printer's remembered config
-    // round-trips its own mixes and re-applying a snapshot never leaves the arrays describing a
-    // different list (see load_mixed_filament_settings). Bools are ','-joined; the
-    // component/ratio/range strings are '|'-joined; the gradient curve is escaped instead,
-    // because its values contain '|'.
+    // Mixed-color filament metadata goes into the per-printer snapshot next to the filament list
+    // it indexes (see load_mixed_filament_settings). Bools are ','-joined and the component, ratio
+    // and range strings '|'-joined; the gradient curve is escaped instead, as it contains '|'.
     auto join_bools = [](const std::vector<unsigned char> &vals) {
         std::string s;
         for (size_t i = 0; i < vals.size(); ++i) {
@@ -3227,8 +3218,7 @@ void PresetBundle::set_num_filaments(unsigned int n, std::vector<std::string> ne
     ams_multi_color_filment.resize(n);
 
     // Mixed-color metadata is a parallel per-filament array set, so it has to grow and shrink
-    // with the filament count exactly like filament_colour above. Missing this leaves the
-    // arrays short and every lookup of a newly created slot reads past the end.
+    // with the filament count exactly like filament_colour above.
     if (auto* opt = project_config.option<ConfigOptionBools>("filament_is_mixed"))
         opt->values.resize(n, false);
     if (auto* opt = project_config.option<ConfigOptionStrings>("filament_mixed_components"))
@@ -3285,8 +3275,7 @@ void PresetBundle::set_num_filaments(unsigned int n, std::string new_color)
     ams_multi_color_filment.resize(n);
 
     // Mixed-color metadata is a parallel per-filament array set, so it has to grow and shrink
-    // with the filament count exactly like filament_colour above. Missing this leaves the
-    // arrays short and every lookup of a newly created slot reads past the end.
+    // with the filament count exactly like filament_colour above.
     if (auto* opt = project_config.option<ConfigOptionBools>("filament_is_mixed"))
         opt->values.resize(n, false);
     if (auto* opt = project_config.option<ConfigOptionStrings>("filament_mixed_components"))
diff --git a/src/libslic3r/Print.cpp b/src/libslic3r/Print.cpp
index e474818dfe..8be66da2a4 100644
--- a/src/libslic3r/Print.cpp
+++ b/src/libslic3r/Print.cpp
@@ -2615,12 +2615,9 @@ void Print::process(long long *time_cost_with_cache, bool use_cache)
             print_object_instances_ordering = sort_object_instances_by_model_order(*this);
             // A mixed slot is virtual; only its components reach a nozzle. These per-object orderings
             // are unsorted (no resolve_mixed_filaments), so expand the slots here for the grouping, the
-            // unprintable sets and the slice-used lists. No-op without mixed filaments.
-            // Orca: the slice-used lists stay sourced from these expanded lists rather than from the
-            // sorted orderings (which may add the wipe-tower filament or seed dontcare layers
-            // differently), so prints without mixed filaments keep their used-filament set; the
-            // first-layer set therefore lists every component of a mixed slot, not just the one layer 0
-            // resolves to.
+            // unprintable sets and the slice-used lists. Because the expansion happens here rather than
+            // on the sorted orderings, the first-layer used set lists every component of a mixed slot,
+            // not just the one layer 0 resolves to. No-op without mixed filaments.
             const auto &is_mixed  = m_config.filament_is_mixed.values;
             const auto &comp_strs = m_config.filament_mixed_components.values;
             const bool  has_mixed = has_any_mixed_filament(is_mixed);
diff --git a/src/libslic3r/PrintApply.cpp b/src/libslic3r/PrintApply.cpp
index 7eb40946a4..f03271bf73 100644
--- a/src/libslic3r/PrintApply.cpp
+++ b/src/libslic3r/PrintApply.cpp
@@ -1931,8 +1931,8 @@ Print::ApplyStatus Print::apply(const Model &model, DynamicPrintConfig new_full_
             for (const ModelVolume *volume : volumes) {
                 const std::vector<bool> &volume_used_facet_states = volume->mmu_segmentation_facets.get_data().used_states;
 
-                // Sizes may legitimately differ: paint data stored before the state range was
-                // extended carries a shorter used_states vector. Merge over the common prefix.
+                // Paint data saved before the painted state range was extended deserializes a
+                // shorter used_states vector, so merge over the common prefix.
                 for (size_t state_idx = 0; state_idx < std::min(volume_used_facet_states.size(), used_facet_states.size()); ++state_idx)
                     used_facet_states[state_idx] |= volume_used_facet_states[state_idx];
             }
diff --git a/src/libslic3r/TextureToColor/TextureToColor.cpp b/src/libslic3r/TextureToColor/TextureToColor.cpp
index bcdc985fc9..e5dde36714 100644
--- a/src/libslic3r/TextureToColor/TextureToColor.cpp
+++ b/src/libslic3r/TextureToColor/TextureToColor.cpp
@@ -639,9 +639,8 @@ static bool repair_cluster_smooth(
     {
         TriangleMesh stats_mesh(static_cast<const indexed_triangle_set&>(mesh));
         const auto& stats = stats_mesh.stats();
-        // Orca's TriangleMeshStats defines manifold() as open_edges == 0 and does not track
-        // non-manifold edges/vertices separately, so BBS's "!manifold() || has_open_edges()"
-        // collapses to this single test and the extra counters drop out of the log.
+        // Orca's TriangleMeshStats only counts open edges: manifold() is open_edges == 0, and
+        // there are no separate non-manifold edge/vertex counters to test or log here.
         if (!stats.manifold()) {
             BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(info) << log_prefix << ": mesh has non-manifold geometry or open boundaries, open_edges="
                                     << stats.open_edges;
diff --git a/src/libslic3r/libslic3r.h b/src/libslic3r/libslic3r.h
index dee0a93087..6584566f40 100644
--- a/src/libslic3r/libslic3r.h
+++ b/src/libslic3r/libslic3r.h
@@ -64,10 +64,9 @@ static constexpr double LARGE_BED_THRESHOLD = 2147;
 // Orca: maximum number of extruders is 64. For SEMM printers, it defines maximum filament number.
 static constexpr size_t MAXIMUM_EXTRUDER_NUMBER = 64;
 
-// Orca: how many filament slots syncing an AMS setup may create. This used to follow
-// EnforcerBlockerType::ExtruderMax, which capped it at the number of paintable filaments; that
-// limit has since been raised to 32, so the value is pinned here to keep AMS sync behaving as
-// before for projects that use no mixed-colour filaments.
+// Orca: how many filament slots syncing an AMS setup may create. This was derived from
+// EnforcerBlockerType::ExtruderMax, but that cap now covers 32 paintable filaments, so the AMS
+// limit is pinned here to keep sync behaving as it does for projects without mixed-color filaments.
 static constexpr size_t MAXIMUM_AMS_SYNC_FILAMENT_NUMBER = 16;
 
 // Orca: maximum line width is 5 times the nozzle diameter
diff --git a/src/slic3r/GUI/ConfigManipulation.cpp b/src/slic3r/GUI/ConfigManipulation.cpp
index 55a41a5720..d15164ef63 100644
--- a/src/slic3r/GUI/ConfigManipulation.cpp
+++ b/src/slic3r/GUI/ConfigManipulation.cpp
@@ -577,13 +577,9 @@ void ConfigManipulation::update_print_fff_config(DynamicPrintConfig* config, con
     }
 
     // BBS
-    // A filament override naming a slot that no longer exists is stale and falls back to the
-    // plater's value. Support and the wipe tower are additionally restricted to physical filaments:
-    // the engine consumes those keys directly, with no per-layer mixed resolution, so a virtual
-    // slot there would reach the G-code unresolved. The per-feature keys have no such restriction —
-    // LayerTools::extruder() and its siblings resolve a mixed slot to the physical filament chosen
-    // for each layer. The sidebar dropdowns already hide mixed slots for the restricted keys
-    // (Plater.cpp DynamicFilamentList); this reset covers values loaded from projects.
+    // Reset filament overrides pointing at a slot that no longer exists. Support and the wipe
+    // tower additionally reject mixed slots: the engine consumes those keys directly, so a virtual
+    // slot would reach the G-code unresolved, while the per-feature keys are resolved per layer.
     static const char* physical_only_keys[] = { "support_filament", "support_interface_filament", "wipe_tower_filament" };
     static const char* feature_keys[] = { "outer_wall_filament_id", "inner_wall_filament_id",
                                           "sparse_infill_filament_id", "internal_solid_filament_id",
diff --git a/src/slic3r/GUI/FilamentBitmapUtils.cpp b/src/slic3r/GUI/FilamentBitmapUtils.cpp
index 45368e0537..1f51fc79b3 100644
--- a/src/slic3r/GUI/FilamentBitmapUtils.cpp
+++ b/src/slic3r/GUI/FilamentBitmapUtils.cpp
@@ -131,8 +131,7 @@ void fill_gradient_ramp_rect(wxDC& dc, const wxRect& rect, const std::vector<wxC
     dc.SetPen(*wxTRANSPARENT_PEN);
     for (int y = 0; y < rect.height; ++y) {
         // Row 0 is the top of the rect and so takes the ramp's last entry, the model's top.
-        // Mapping over height - 1 keeps both ends of the ramp on screen; a swatch is often
-        // shorter than the ramp is long, so truncating either end would be visible.
+        // Mapping over height - 1 puts both ends of the ramp on screen even in a short swatch.
         const double t = (rect.height > 1) ? (double) (rect.height - 1 - y) / (rect.height - 1) : 0.5;
         dc.SetBrush(wxBrush(ramp[static_cast<size_t>(t * (ramp.size() - 1) + 0.5)]));
         dc.DrawRectangle(rect.x, rect.y + y, rect.width, 1);
diff --git a/src/slic3r/GUI/FilamentBitmapUtils.hpp b/src/slic3r/GUI/FilamentBitmapUtils.hpp
index 9cb8d64249..11696f3401 100644
--- a/src/slic3r/GUI/FilamentBitmapUtils.hpp
+++ b/src/slic3r/GUI/FilamentBitmapUtils.hpp
@@ -38,19 +38,17 @@ wxColour blend_n_colors(const std::vector<wxColour>& cols, const std::vector<dou
 
 // Sample a gradient mixed filament the way the slicer builds it: t runs 0..1 over the
 // model's height, the curve gives the first component's ratio at t, and the two
-// components are blended at that ratio. Entry 0 is the bottom of the model, the last
-// entry its top. Blending goes through blend_n_colors, so measured mixes and the
-// reserved [kGradientMinRatio, kGradientMaxRatio] band are both respected — a plain
-// two-endpoint fade is neither.
+// components are blended at that ratio through blend_n_colors. Entry 0 is the bottom
+// of the model, the last entry its top.
 std::vector<wxColour> sample_gradient_ramp(const wxColour& first,
                                            const wxColour& second,
                                            const Slic3r::GradientCurve& curve,
                                            int steps);
 
 // Same ramp for a project config slot, resolving components, colours and curve (or the
-// linear gradient_range fallback) from cfg. Empty unless the slot is a two-component
-// gradient mixed filament, which is what gates every caller to mixed slots only.
-// steps is the ramp's resolution; pass the destination's height in pixels.
+// linear gradient_range fallback) from cfg. Returns empty for any slot that is not a
+// two-component gradient mixed filament. steps is the ramp's resolution; pass the
+// destination's height in pixels.
 std::vector<wxColour> mixed_gradient_ramp(const Slic3r::DynamicPrintConfig& cfg, size_t slot, int steps);
 
 // Fill rect with a ramp, ramp.front() along the bottom edge.
diff --git a/src/slic3r/GUI/GLCanvas3D.cpp b/src/slic3r/GUI/GLCanvas3D.cpp
index 94b0923885..6d03f992cd 100644
--- a/src/slic3r/GUI/GLCanvas3D.cpp
+++ b/src/slic3r/GUI/GLCanvas3D.cpp
@@ -9681,10 +9681,9 @@ void GLCanvas3D::_render_paint_toolbar() const
             }
         }
     }
-    // ORCA: the loop above only produces a label for a slot whose preset is found in the preset
-    // collection, while the render loop below iterates extruder_num (= colour count). Pad the
-    // label arrays so a slot without a matching preset cannot index past them — reading a garbage
-    // std::string here crashes in ImGui::CalcTextSize (strlen).
+    // ORCA: the loop above only labels a slot whose preset was found in the preset collection,
+    // while the render loop below iterates extruder_num. Pad the label arrays so a slot without a
+    // matching preset cannot index past them; a garbage std::string crashes ImGui::CalcTextSize.
     while (int(filament_text_first_line.size()) < extruder_num) {
         filament_text_first_line.emplace_back();
         filament_text_second_line.emplace_back();
diff --git a/src/slic3r/GUI/GUI_App.cpp b/src/slic3r/GUI/GUI_App.cpp
index d14943c94a..738af5e24c 100644
--- a/src/slic3r/GUI/GUI_App.cpp
+++ b/src/slic3r/GUI/GUI_App.cpp
@@ -8906,9 +8906,9 @@ void GUI_App::load_current_presets(bool active_preset_combox/*= false*/, bool ch
         auto* nozzle_diameter = edited_printer_preset.config.option<ConfigOptionFloats>("nozzle_diameter");
         if (nozzle_diameter) {
             // Mixed-color slots are virtual filaments kept at the tail of the list, so they have no
-            // nozzle of their own. Sizing to the nozzle count alone truncates them away — and this
-            // runs right after a project is loaded, so it would silently drop the project's mixes
-            // and then let update_extruder_count() strip every painted facet above the new count.
+            // nozzle of their own. Sizing to the nozzle count alone would silently drop the mixes of
+            // a just-loaded project, and update_extruder_count() would then strip the facets painted
+            // with them.
             preset_bundle->set_num_filaments(nozzle_diameter->values.size() + preset_bundle->num_mixed_filaments());
         }
     }
diff --git a/src/slic3r/GUI/GUI_ObjectList.cpp b/src/slic3r/GUI/GUI_ObjectList.cpp
index 48182da77b..b33cc82abc 100644
--- a/src/slic3r/GUI/GUI_ObjectList.cpp
+++ b/src/slic3r/GUI/GUI_ObjectList.cpp
@@ -3234,8 +3234,8 @@ void ObjectList::merge(bool to_multipart_object)
 void ObjectList::layers_editing()
 {
     // Height ranges give each range its own layer height, varying the mixed sub-layer heights just
-    // like an adaptive profile; sibling of the on_action_layersediting/ConfigManipulation warnings,
-    // sharing the same do-not-show-again flag.
+    // like an adaptive profile, so this raises the same warning as variable layer height and shares
+    // its do-not-show-again flag.
     const auto& print_config = wxGetApp().preset_bundle->prints.get_edited_preset().config;
     if (print_config.opt_bool("enable_mixed_color_sublayer")) {
         if (wxGetApp().app_config->get("no_warn_mixed_sublayer_variable_layer") != "1") {
diff --git a/src/slic3r/GUI/Gizmos/GLGizmoMmuSegmentation.cpp b/src/slic3r/GUI/Gizmos/GLGizmoMmuSegmentation.cpp
index 3f05f9c22c..3d4af75cde 100644
--- a/src/slic3r/GUI/Gizmos/GLGizmoMmuSegmentation.cpp
+++ b/src/slic3r/GUI/Gizmos/GLGizmoMmuSegmentation.cpp
@@ -326,10 +326,9 @@ bool GLGizmoMmuSegmentation::draw_color_button(int idx, const char* id_str, cons
     bool dark_tone = gradient ? (*gradient)[gradient->size() / 2].GetLuminance() < 0.51 :
                                 (0.299f * color.r() + 0.587f * color.g() + 0.114f * color.b()) < 0.51f; // matching values used by wxWidgets with clr.GetLuminance() < 0.51
 
-    // Paint a gradient mixed filament's fade before the button and keep the button transparent, so the
-    // slot number and the frame below stay on top of it. The bands cannot round their corners, so the
-    // fade is drawn at the frame's inset and the frame masks it into the same shape a plain color slot
-    // gets.
+    // Paint a gradient mixed filament's fade before the button and keep the button transparent, so
+    // the slot number and the frame below stay on top of it. The bands cannot round their corners,
+    // so the fade is inset to the frame, which masks it into the shape a plain color slot gets.
     if (gradient) {
         ImGuiWrapper::draw_gradient_ramp(draw_list, {pos.x + frame_inset * scale, pos.y + frame_inset * scale},
                                          {pos.x + size.x - frame_inset * scale, pos.y + size.y - frame_inset * scale}, *gradient);
@@ -778,7 +777,7 @@ void GLGizmoMmuSegmentation::update_triangle_selectors_colors()
         TriangleSelectorPatch* selector = dynamic_cast<TriangleSelectorPatch*>(m_triangle_selectors[i].get());
         int extruder_idx = m_volumes_extruder_idxs[i];
         int extruder_color_idx = std::max(0, extruder_idx - 1);
-        // As above: a mixed-color slot can index past the physical colour list.
+        // A mixed-color slot can index past the physical colour list; fall back to the first colour.
         if (extruder_color_idx >= (int)m_extruders_colors.size())
             extruder_color_idx = 0;
         std::vector<ColorRGBA> ebt_colors;
diff --git a/src/slic3r/GUI/Gizmos/GLGizmoMmuSegmentation.hpp b/src/slic3r/GUI/Gizmos/GLGizmoMmuSegmentation.hpp
index 7d83468ea5..70cfde5aed 100644
--- a/src/slic3r/GUI/Gizmos/GLGizmoMmuSegmentation.hpp
+++ b/src/slic3r/GUI/Gizmos/GLGizmoMmuSegmentation.hpp
@@ -142,7 +142,7 @@ private:
     // ORCA
     bool draw_color_button(int idx, const char* id_str, const ColorRGBA& color, ColorRGBA& map_color, bool active, float scale);
     // Gradient ramp of a filament slot, or nullptr when the slot is a plain single color
-    // filament, so callers can index into what they get back freely.
+    // filament. A non-null result is never empty.
     const std::vector<wxColour>* gradient_of(int idx) const
     {
         return idx >= 0 && idx < (int) m_gradient_ramps.size() && !m_gradient_ramps[idx].empty() ? &m_gradient_ramps[idx] : nullptr;
diff --git a/src/slic3r/GUI/Gizmos/GLGizmosManager.cpp b/src/slic3r/GUI/Gizmos/GLGizmosManager.cpp
index 92c691f696..7882cf2269 100644
--- a/src/slic3r/GUI/Gizmos/GLGizmosManager.cpp
+++ b/src/slic3r/GUI/Gizmos/GLGizmosManager.cpp
@@ -998,8 +998,8 @@ bool GLGizmosManager::on_key(wxKeyEvent& evt)
                     keyCode = keyCode- WXK_NUMPAD0+'0';
                 }
                 if (keyCode >= '0' && keyCode <= '9') {
-                    // The paint palette now reaches EXTRUDERS_LIMIT (mixed-color filaments share
-                    // the same slots), so any leading digit that can start a valid two-digit
+                    // The paint palette reaches EXTRUDERS_LIMIT slots (mixed-color filaments take
+                    // ordinary slots too), so any leading digit that can start a valid two-digit
                     // number waits briefly for a second one.
                     const int digit        = keyCode - '0';
                     const int shortcut_max = int(GLGizmoMmuSegmentation::EXTRUDERS_LIMIT);
diff --git a/src/slic3r/GUI/GradientCurveEditor.cpp b/src/slic3r/GUI/GradientCurveEditor.cpp
index d34e71a132..678fee0efc 100644
--- a/src/slic3r/GUI/GradientCurveEditor.cpp
+++ b/src/slic3r/GUI/GradientCurveEditor.cpp
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ namespace GUI {
 wxDEFINE_EVENT(wxEVT_GRADIENT_CURVE_CHANGED, wxCommandEvent);
 
 namespace {
-// Layout (Figma "Property 1=Default", 214.06 x 179.63 px reference).
+// Layout ratios of the plot rect within the widget, taken from a 214 x 180 px reference drawing.
 // Plot rect occupies the upper-left region; right + bottom margins host axis arrows / labels.
 constexpr double kPlotLeftRatio   = 0.0316;
 constexpr double kPlotRightRatio  = 0.6766;
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ constexpr int kStrokeAxis       = 2;   // axis line width (px, no DPI scaling -
 constexpr int kAxisArrowHalf    = 5;   // half-base of the axis arrow triangle (DIP)
 constexpr int kAxisArrowLen     = 10;  // length of the axis arrow triangle (DIP)
 
-// Light-mode design tokens from Figma. Resolved through StateColor::darkModeColorFor()
+// Light-mode design tokens. Resolved through StateColor::darkModeColorFor()
 // at paint time so the editor follows the app theme (#EEEEEE -> #4C4C55, #6B6B6B ->
 // #818183, #262E30 -> #EFEFF0, *wxWHITE -> #2D2D31). Don't read these directly in paint;
 // always go through the resolved locals declared at the top of on_paint().
@@ -46,11 +46,9 @@ const wxColour kAxisColor   (107, 107, 107);   // #6B6B6B grey 700
 const wxColour kLabelMuted  (107, 107, 107);   // #6B6B6B grey 700
 const wxColour kLabelStrong ( 38,  46,  48);   // #262E30 grey 900
 
-// LAB (DeltaE76) threshold for "curve color is too close to the background". Below this
-// we paint a subtle axis-color outline so the curve doesn't visually vanish; above this
-// we draw the curve plain. ~15 is "perceptible but still close", looser than the strict
-// 5.0 used by FlushPredict::is_similar_color but loose enough that a pastel pink on white
-// or a charcoal on #2B2B2B still triggers an outline.
+// LAB (DeltaE76) threshold for "curve color is too close to the background": below it the curve
+// gets a subtle outline so it does not visually vanish, otherwise it is drawn plain. Looser than
+// the 5.0 of FlushPredict::is_similar_color, so a pastel pink on white still gets an outline.
 constexpr float kBgSimilarThreshold = 15.0f;
 constexpr int   kOutlineExtraDip    = 2;
 } // namespace
@@ -65,8 +63,6 @@ GradientCurveEditor::GradientCurveEditor(wxWindow* parent,
     SetBackgroundStyle(wxBG_STYLE_PAINT);
     SetBackgroundColour(wxGetApp().get_window_default_clr());
     // Wide enough so the X-axis "Material Ratio" label fits past the arrow tip without overlap.
-    // 260 (was 240): adds room for the "Material Ratio" label that gets shifted right by the
-    // longer axis arrow; the hosting MixedFilamentDialog grows to 470 DIP to accommodate.
     SetMinSize(FromDIP(wxSize(260, 200)));
 
     reset_to_linear(0.10, 0.90);
@@ -456,10 +452,9 @@ void GradientCurveEditor::on_paint(wxPaintEvent& /*evt*/)
         return poly;
     };
 
-    // Only the geometry goes through the graphics context: dc.DrawLines() takes integer
-    // wxPoint and would quantize the curve back to whole pixels.  The pen is still set on
-    // the dc, which forwards it to this same context while keeping the dc's own cached
-    // state in sync, so later dc drawing does not inherit the curve's pen.
+    // Only the geometry goes through the graphics context: dc.DrawLines() takes integer wxPoint
+    // and would quantize the curve back to whole pixels. The pen is still set on the dc, which
+    // forwards it here while keeping its own cached state in sync for later dc drawing.
     auto draw_polyline = [&](const std::vector<wxPoint2DDouble>& poly, const wxColour& col, int stroke_dip) {
         dc.SetPen(wxPen(col, FromDIP(stroke_dip)));
         gc->StrokeLines(poly.size(), poly.data());
@@ -552,12 +547,9 @@ void GradientCurveEditor::on_left_down(wxMouseEvent& evt)
 
     // 4) Selected curve line body hit -> insert a new anchor at cursor x (snapped
     //    to the current smooth curve so the initial click is visually invisible)
-    //    and immediately enter Anchor drag mode. PS Curves style: the drag-bend
-    //    interaction has no separate "bend without anchor" mode; pressing and
-    //    dragging on the line is equivalent to clicking to add then dragging the
-    //    fresh anchor. Trades the previous (failed) "no anchor on drag" promise
-    //    for genuine cursor tracking, since a single cubic between two existing
-    //    anchors mathematically cannot put its peak under an off-center cursor.
+    //    and immediately enter Anchor drag mode. Bending the segment without
+    //    inserting an anchor is not an option: a single cubic between two existing
+    //    anchors cannot put its peak under an off-center cursor.
     double nx = 0, dummy = 0;
     px_to_data(pos.x, pos.y, nx, dummy);
     if (nx <= 0.0 || nx >= 1.0 || seg < 0) {
diff --git a/src/slic3r/GUI/MixedFilamentDialog.cpp b/src/slic3r/GUI/MixedFilamentDialog.cpp
index 91453a3113..46563664cc 100644
--- a/src/slic3r/GUI/MixedFilamentDialog.cpp
+++ b/src/slic3r/GUI/MixedFilamentDialog.cpp
@@ -894,9 +894,9 @@ wxBoxSizer* MixedFilamentDialog::create_ratio_slider()
         on_ratio_changed(std::max(MIN_COMPONENT_RATIO, std::min(100 - MIN_COMPONENT_RATIO, new_ratio)));
     });
 
-    // Release whenever the capture is held, not only when the drag flag is set:
-    // the flag can be cleared behind our back, and a capture that outlives the
-    // widget wedges mouse input for the whole application.
+    // Key the release off the capture itself, not off the drag flag: the two can fall out of
+    // sync (a lost capture clears the flag on its own), and a capture that outlives the widget
+    // wedges mouse input for the whole application.
     m_ratio_bar->Bind(wxEVT_LEFT_UP, [this](wxMouseEvent&) {
         m_ratio_dragging = false;
         if (m_ratio_bar->HasCapture())
@@ -1492,11 +1492,9 @@ void MixedFilamentDialog::on_ratio_changed(int new_ratio_a)
 
 void MixedFilamentDialog::on_gradient_toggled()
 {
-    // Orca: the engine only produces a gradient when the print profile's
-    // "enable_mixed_color_sublayer" option is on (ToolOrdering::resolve_mixed_filaments
-    // falls back to whole-layer round-robin without it, and BBS leaves users to find the
-    // option themselves). Offer to switch it on so the gradient the user just enabled
-    // actually shows up in the sliced result. Keep this block on future BBS syncs.
+    // Orca: a gradient is only sliced when the print profile's "enable_mixed_color_sublayer"
+    // option is on; without it ToolOrdering picks a single component per whole layer. Offer to
+    // turn the option on instead of silently ignoring the gradient the user just enabled.
     bool checked = m_chk_gradient->GetValue();
 
     if (checked) {
diff --git a/src/slic3r/GUI/PartPlate.cpp b/src/slic3r/GUI/PartPlate.cpp
index 74f13d94df..73c8073e4f 100644
--- a/src/slic3r/GUI/PartPlate.cpp
+++ b/src/slic3r/GUI/PartPlate.cpp
@@ -2048,13 +2048,8 @@ bool PartPlate::check_tpu_printable_status(const DynamicPrintConfig & config, co
 }
 
 // A mixed-color filament alternates between its components constantly. On a single-nozzle
-// printer every one of those switches is a full filament change plus a purge, so warn the
-// user before they commit to it. Printers with more than one nozzle can keep the components
-// loaded simultaneously and are not affected.
-//
-// BBS additionally excludes its H2C/H2D/X2D models by name; those are multi-nozzle machines
-// already ruled out by the nozzle_diameter test above, so the name check is dropped here
-// rather than carried over as a Bambu-specific special case.
+// printer every one of those switches is a full filament change plus a purge, so warn before
+// slicing. Multi-nozzle printers keep the components loaded at once and are not affected.
 bool PartPlate::check_single_extruder_mixed_filament_risk(const DynamicPrintConfig &config, std::string &warning_text) const
 {
     warning_text.clear();
diff --git a/src/slic3r/GUI/PlateSettingsDialog.cpp b/src/slic3r/GUI/PlateSettingsDialog.cpp
index e7f1d926d9..bc81335d61 100644
--- a/src/slic3r/GUI/PlateSettingsDialog.cpp
+++ b/src/slic3r/GUI/PlateSettingsDialog.cpp
@@ -473,8 +473,7 @@ PlateSettingsDialog::PlateSettingsDialog(wxWindow* parent, const wxString& title
     m_sizer_main->Add(m_other_layers_seq_panel, 0, wxEXPAND | wxLEFT | wxRIGHT, FromDIP(30));
 
     // A mixed-color slot resolves to a different physical filament per layer, so a user-defined
-    // filament order cannot be honoured. Disable the choice and say why. BBS puts this warning
-    // inside its button sizer; Orca builds the buttons with DialogButtons, so it gets its own row.
+    // filament order cannot be honoured; grey out the choice and explain that in the dialog.
     {
         auto &proj_cfg     = wxGetApp().preset_bundle->project_config;
         auto *is_mixed_opt = proj_cfg.option<ConfigOptionBools>("filament_is_mixed");
diff --git a/src/slic3r/GUI/Plater.cpp b/src/slic3r/GUI/Plater.cpp
index c730dd705e..8b0fcc3902 100644
--- a/src/slic3r/GUI/Plater.cpp
+++ b/src/slic3r/GUI/Plater.cpp
@@ -3876,10 +3876,8 @@ void Sidebar::change_top_border_for_mode_sizer(bool increase_border)
 
 
 // ---- Mixed-color filament sidebar support ----
-// Ported from BambuStudio's 混色耗材 feature. BBS hosts these widgets in an
-// m_filament_area_wrapper that Orca's sidebar has no counterpart for, so the mixed
-// section is parented to p->scrolled and sized with Orca's own row-height preference
-// (filaments_area_preferred_count) rather than BBS's fixed 3-row / 12-filament cap.
+// The mixed rows get their own scroll area, capped by Orca's filaments_area_preferred_count
+// row budget rather than BBS's fixed 3-row / 12-filament limit.
 void Sidebar::recalc_filament_scroll_sizes()
 {
     if (!p->m_mixed_scroll_area || !p->m_mixed_scroll_area->GetSizer())
@@ -4102,8 +4100,8 @@ void Sidebar::update_mixed_filament_list()
             unsigned int mix_num = (unsigned int)(cfg_idx + 1);
 
             // The swatch fades bottom to top over the model's height, sampled the same way
-            // the slicer builds the sublayers, so it matches the editor's Effect Preview. It
-            // comes back empty for every slot that is not a two component gradient mix.
+            // the slicer builds the sublayers, so it matches the editor's Effect Preview. The
+            // ramp comes back empty for every slot that is not a two component gradient mix.
             const int swatch_sz = FromDIP(20);
             const std::vector<wxColour> gradient_ramp = mixed_gradient_ramp(project_config, cfg_idx, swatch_sz);
 
@@ -4642,9 +4640,8 @@ static bool create_mixed_filament_from_result(
         multi_colour_opt->values[new_idx] = mixed_color;
     }
 
-    // set_num_filaments() above is what grows these parallel arrays. Guard the writes anyway,
-    // matching the gradient writes below, so a sizing bug degrades into a no-op rather than a
-    // heap overwrite.
+    // set_num_filaments() above already grows these parallel arrays; the writes are still
+    // size-guarded so a sizing bug degrades into a no-op rather than a heap overwrite.
     {
         auto* is_mixed_opt = project_config.option<ConfigOptionBools>("filament_is_mixed");
         while (is_mixed_opt->values.size() <= new_idx) is_mixed_opt->values.push_back(false);
@@ -14071,11 +14068,9 @@ bool Plater::priv::can_layers_editing() const
 
 void Plater::priv::on_action_layersediting(SimpleEvent&)
 {
-    // Sub-layer splitting divides each layer by the mix ratio, so an adaptive layer profile makes
-    // those sub-layer heights vary and degrades the blend. ConfigManipulation warns when the
-    // option is switched on with a variable profile already present; this is the other direction,
-    // warning when variable layer editing is switched on while the option is active. All three
-    // sites (with ObjectList::layers_editing for height ranges) honour the same do-not-show-again flag.
+    // Sub-layer splitting divides each layer by the mix ratio, so a variable layer height profile
+    // makes those sub-layer heights uneven and degrades the blend. ConfigManipulation warns for the
+    // opposite order, when the option is switched on while a variable profile already exists.
     if (!view3D->is_layers_editing_enabled()) {
         const auto& print_config = wxGetApp().preset_bundle->prints.get_edited_preset().config;
         if (print_config.opt_bool("enable_mixed_color_sublayer")) {
@@ -19988,14 +19983,11 @@ std::vector<std::string> Plater::get_filament_color_render_type() const
 
 const std::vector<std::vector<wxColour>>& Plater::get_filament_gradient_ramps() const
 {
-    // Sampling a ramp walks the measured-blend recipe table once per step, and the paint toolbar
-    // asks for the ramps on every rendered frame, so they are cached against the config values
-    // they are built from and resampled only when one of those actually changes.
-    //
-    // The cache cannot live on the Plater: the extruder icons ask for the ramps from inside
-    // MenuFactory::init(), which runs while this Plater is still being constructed, so `this` is
-    // not usable yet. Everything the ramps are built from is global anyway, and there is one
-    // Plater per process, which is the same reasoning behind the icons' own static BitmapCache.
+    // Sampling a ramp walks the measured-blend recipe table once per step and the paint toolbar
+    // asks for the ramps every rendered frame, so they are cached against the config values they
+    // are built from. The cache is static rather than a Plater member because the extruder icons
+    // ask for the ramps from MenuFactory::init(), which runs while this Plater is still inside its
+    // own constructor, so wxGetApp().plater_ is not assigned yet.
     static std::string                        s_ramps_key;
     static std::vector<std::vector<wxColour>> s_ramps;
 
diff --git a/src/slic3r/GUI/SyncAmsInfoDialog.cpp b/src/slic3r/GUI/SyncAmsInfoDialog.cpp
index 5005b49303..9515ecc116 100644
--- a/src/slic3r/GUI/SyncAmsInfoDialog.cpp
+++ b/src/slic3r/GUI/SyncAmsInfoDialog.cpp
@@ -2577,7 +2577,7 @@ void SyncAmsInfoDialog::reset_and_sync_ams_list()
     m_filaments.clear();
 
     // Mixed-color slots are virtual: they never occupy a tray, so they must not appear as
-    // AMS sync targets. Look the flags up once and skip those slots in the loop below.
+    // AMS sync targets.
     auto* is_mixed_opt = preset_bundle->project_config.option<ConfigOptionBools>("filament_is_mixed");
 
     bool use_double_extruder = get_is_double_extruder();
@@ -2801,7 +2801,7 @@ void SyncAmsInfoDialog::generate_override_fix_ams_list()
     m_fix_filaments.clear();
 
     // Mixed-color slots are virtual: they never occupy a tray, so they must not appear as
-    // AMS sync targets. Look the flags up once and skip those slots in the loop below.
+    // AMS sync targets.
     auto* is_mixed_opt = preset_bundle->project_config.option<ConfigOptionBools>("filament_is_mixed");
 
     bool use_double_extruder = get_is_double_extruder();
diff --git a/src/slic3r/GUI/TextureImportDialog.cpp b/src/slic3r/GUI/TextureImportDialog.cpp
index 688898ed0a..ef9beda4d0 100644
--- a/src/slic3r/GUI/TextureImportDialog.cpp
+++ b/src/slic3r/GUI/TextureImportDialog.cpp
@@ -1368,11 +1368,9 @@ void TexturePreviewCanvas::ensure_gl_ready()
 {
     if (m_gl_initialized) return;
 
-    // BBS loads GL entry points here with GLEW. Orca uses glad and centralises loading in
-    // OpenGLManager, which has already run by the time any canvas is realized, so just
-    // verify the loader is up and drain any stale error state.
-    // glad leaves unresolved entry points as null pointers, so this is a cheap guard against
-    // painting before OpenGLManager::init_gl() has run.
+    // BBS loads the GL entry points here with GLEW; Orca loads them centrally in
+    // OpenGLManager, so only check that this has already happened (glad leaves unresolved
+    // entry points null) and drain any stale error state.
     if (glGetString == nullptr) {
         BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(error) << "TexturePreviewCanvas: OpenGL functions are not loaded yet";
         return;
@@ -2436,10 +2434,9 @@ void TextureImportDialog::start_computation(bool auto_color, bool initial)
     settings.target_colors_num = auto_color ? 0 : (size_t)m_param_color_count;
     settings.smooth_weight     = m_param_smooth / 10.0;
     settings.mesh_repair_decision = m_mesh_repair_decision;
-    // BBS repairs the mesh through the Windows 3D SDK, which only exists on Windows and only
-    // when the SDK is present at build time. Orca already ships a CGAL-based repair
-    // (MeshBoolean::cgal::repair) that works on all three platforms, so use that instead —
-    // this makes the repair path available on Linux and macOS too.
+    // BBS repairs the mesh through the Windows 3D SDK, which is only available on Windows
+    // builds that ship the SDK. Orca's CGAL-based repair (MeshBoolean::cgal::repair) works
+    // on all three platforms, so use that instead.
     settings.mesh_repair_callback = [](const indexed_triangle_set& mesh,
                                        indexed_triangle_set&       repaired_mesh,
                                        std::function<void(const char*, unsigned)> progress_callback,
diff --git a/src/slic3r/GUI/Widgets/DropDown.cpp b/src/slic3r/GUI/Widgets/DropDown.cpp
index a44303169a..aae8bccf9e 100644
--- a/src/slic3r/GUI/Widgets/DropDown.cpp
+++ b/src/slic3r/GUI/Widgets/DropDown.cpp
@@ -360,8 +360,7 @@ void DropDown::render(wxDC &dc)
     for (int i = 0; i < items.size(); ++i) {
         auto &item = items[i];
         int states2 = states;
-        // Dimmed items stay selectable but render greyed out (used by the mixed-filament
-        // dialog to show components that are already consumed by another mix).
+        // Dimmed items render greyed out but stay selectable, so they cannot reuse the disabled state.
         bool is_dimmed = (item.style & DD_ITEM_STYLE_DIMMED) != 0;
         if ((item.style & DD_ITEM_STYLE_DISABLED) != 0)
             states2 &= ~StateColor::Enabled;
diff --git a/src/slic3r/GUI/WipeTowerDialog.cpp b/src/slic3r/GUI/WipeTowerDialog.cpp
index 70aba0404e..d4fbcc6fe3 100644
--- a/src/slic3r/GUI/WipeTowerDialog.cpp
+++ b/src/slic3r/GUI/WipeTowerDialog.cpp
@@ -261,10 +261,9 @@ static std::vector<float> MatrixFlatten(const WipingDialog::VolumeMatrix& matrix
     return vec;
 }
 
-// Mixed-color slots are virtual: they are never loaded into a tray and so have no flushing
-// volumes of their own. The dialog therefore shows only the physical filaments, which means
-// converting between the full config matrix (indexed by config slot) and a dense physical
-// sub-matrix (indexed by row/column in the table).
+// Mixed-color slots are virtual and have no flushing volumes, so the dialog shows only the
+// physical filaments. That means converting between the full config matrix (indexed by config
+// slot) and a dense physical sub-matrix (indexed by row/column in the table).
 static std::vector<double> extract_physical_sub_matrix(
     const std::vector<double>& full_matrix, size_t full_n,
     const std::vector<size_t>& indices)
diff --git a/tests/fff_print/test_mixed_filament.cpp b/tests/fff_print/test_mixed_filament.cpp
index 143ecdcb6e..a8f1e2e84c 100644
--- a/tests/fff_print/test_mixed_filament.cpp
+++ b/tests/fff_print/test_mixed_filament.cpp
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ DynamicPrintConfig mixed_config(bool sublayer_on, const char *ratios = "0.6,0.4"
     return config;
 }
 
-// Total sub-layer groups and per-layer DRR resolutions across the whole tool ordering.
+// Total sub-layer groups and per-layer mixed-filament resolutions across the whole tool ordering.
 void count_mixed(ToolOrdering &to, size_t &groups, size_t &resolutions)
 {
     groups = resolutions = 0;
@@ -139,9 +139,8 @@ TEST_CASE("Whole-layer mixing emits only the nominal layer height", "[MixedFilam
 
 TEST_CASE("By-object prints without mixed filaments keep their used-filament set", "[MixedFilament]")
 {
-    // Regression guard for the mixed gate: with no mixed slot the by-object bookkeeping must
-    // be untouched by this change. Object 2 prints with filament 2, so both filaments are used
-    // and no mixed filament is reported.
+    // With no mixed slot the by-object bookkeeping stays plain: object 2 prints with filament 2,
+    // so both filaments are used and no mixed filament is reported.
     DynamicPrintConfig config = multifilament_config(2, {{"print_sequence", "by object"}});
     const std::vector<std::vector<ConfigBase::SetDeserializeItem>> overrides{ {}, { {"extruder", "2"} } };
 
diff --git a/tests/libslic3r/test_3mf.cpp b/tests/libslic3r/test_3mf.cpp
index e09f664b7e..4c0a09cf3f 100644
--- a/tests/libslic3r/test_3mf.cpp
+++ b/tests/libslic3r/test_3mf.cpp
@@ -501,10 +501,8 @@ SCENARIO("Nozzle-group metadata .3mf round-trip", "[3mf][MultiNozzle]") {
 
 
 // A mixed-color filament occupies an ordinary filament slot, and painting with it stores an
-// ordinary extruder state — a project saved by BambuStudio encodes filament 5 of a 5-slot setup
-// as paint state 5, with the mix described by the parallel filament_mixed_* project arrays. This
-// pins both halves of that contract at the .3mf layer: the project keys and the painted states
-// must come back exactly as written.
+// ordinary extruder state: a project saved by BambuStudio encodes filament 5 of a 5-slot setup
+// as paint state 5, with the mix described by the parallel filament_mixed_* project arrays.
 SCENARIO("Mixed-color filament setup and painting round-trip through a .3mf", "[3mf][MixedFilament]") {
     GIVEN("a painted model whose project config describes a mixed filament in the last slot") {
         Model model;
diff --git a/tests/libslic3r/test_filament_mixer.cpp b/tests/libslic3r/test_filament_mixer.cpp
index fb11fa9481..ade0c910dc 100644
--- a/tests/libslic3r/test_filament_mixer.cpp
+++ b/tests/libslic3r/test_filament_mixer.cpp
@@ -101,10 +101,9 @@ TEST_CASE("check_mixed_filament_type_consistency flags mismatched component type
 
 TEST_CASE("a support-flagged component reads as its own filament type for the consistency check", "[FilamentMixer]")
 {
-    // Sidebar::update_mixed_filament_list and Sidebar::has_broken_mixed_filament derive each
-    // component's type through DynamicPrintConfig::get_filament_type, which folds the
-    // filament_is_support flag into the type — so toggling that flag alone changes the verdict
-    // and Plater::on_config_change has to refresh the mixed list on filament_is_support too.
+    // The sidebar derives each component's type through DynamicPrintConfig::get_filament_type,
+    // which folds filament_is_support into the type, so toggling that flag alone flips the
+    // verdict and the mixed filament list has to be refreshed on filament_is_support too.
     DynamicPrintConfig plain_pla;
     plain_pla.set_key_value("filament_type", new ConfigOptionStrings({"PLA"}));
     plain_pla.set_key_value("filament_is_support", new ConfigOptionBools({false}));
@@ -193,8 +192,8 @@ TEST_CASE("blend_color_multi weights components", "[FilamentMixer]")
     }
 
     SECTION("Mixing a color with itself stays close to that color") {
-        // The mixer is a degree-4 polynomial fit of pigment behaviour, so a round trip through
-        // it is near-identity rather than exact (the model documents a mean Delta-E around 2).
+        // The mixer is a degree-4 polynomial fit of pigment behaviour, so mixing a color with
+        // itself lands near it rather than exactly on it; allow a small per-channel drift.
         std::string mixed = blend_color_multi({"#123456", "#123456"}, {1, 1});
         REQUIRE(mixed.size() == 7);
         auto comp = [](const std::string &hex, int i) {
diff --git a/tests/libslic3r/test_preset_bundle_loading.cpp b/tests/libslic3r/test_preset_bundle_loading.cpp
index 0fb6f3e2f8..ea05ec0cf5 100644
--- a/tests/libslic3r/test_preset_bundle_loading.cpp
+++ b/tests/libslic3r/test_preset_bundle_loading.cpp
@@ -614,12 +614,10 @@ TEST_CASE("set_num_filaments keeps mixed-color arrays in step with the filament
     }
 }
 
-// A mix is described by 1-based indices into the project's filament list. Orca's per-printer
-// preset memory rebuilds that list from the selected printer's snapshot (filament_%02u /
-// filament_colors) at startup and on every printer selection, so the mixed arrays must be stored
-// in the SAME per-printer snapshot: kept globally (as BambuStudio does — its filament list is a
-// single global snapshot too) they end up indexing a list they were never saved against, and used
-// to be reset on every printer selection instead, losing the mixes over an app restart.
+// A mix is described by 1-based indices into the project's filament list, which Orca rebuilds
+// from the selected printer's snapshot (filament_%02u / filament_colors) at startup and on every
+// printer selection. Held anywhere but that same per-printer snapshot, the mixed arrays end up
+// indexing a filament list they were never saved against.
 TEST_CASE("Mixed-color filament metadata is snapshotted per printer, with its filament list", "[Preset][Bundle][FilamentMixer]")
 {
     PresetBundle bundle;
@@ -674,10 +672,9 @@ TEST_CASE("A multi-point gradient curve survives the app-config snapshot", "[Pre
 }
 
 // A multi-tool printer sizes the filament list from its nozzle count. Mixed-color slots are extra
-// virtual filaments at the tail of that list with no nozzle of their own, so the sync has to add
-// them on top. Sizing to the nozzle count alone truncates them — and because that sync runs right
-// after a project is loaded, it silently drops the project's mixes and then lets the filament-count
-// change strip every painted facet above the new count.
+// virtual filaments at the tail of that list with no nozzle of their own, so the count has to
+// allow for them: sizing to the nozzle count alone drops the project's mixes and strips every
+// painted facet above the new count.
 TEST_CASE("Sizing the filament list to a multi-tool nozzle count keeps mixed slots", "[Preset][Bundle][FilamentMixer]")
 {
     // The 5-slot layout of a 4-tool project carrying one mix of filaments 2 and 3.
diff --git a/tests/libslic3r/test_triangle_selector.cpp b/tests/libslic3r/test_triangle_selector.cpp
index dfeae477b9..0bdc639626 100644
--- a/tests/libslic3r/test_triangle_selector.cpp
+++ b/tests/libslic3r/test_triangle_selector.cpp
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ TEST_CASE("Extruder states above 17 are encoded in a second nibble", "[TriangleS
 }
 
 // Model.cpp writes these hex strings into the 3MF for colored mesh imports; the selector must
-// decode exactly the states that table assigns to them.
+// decode exactly the states CONST_FILAMENTS assigns to them.
 TEST_CASE("Extruder states match the CONST_FILAMENTS hex encoding", "[TriangleSelector]")
 {
     struct Case { const char *hex; int state; };
diff --git a/tests/slic3rutils/test_filament_bitmap_utils.cpp b/tests/slic3rutils/test_filament_bitmap_utils.cpp
index 35c32570f4..997a119521 100644
--- a/tests/slic3rutils/test_filament_bitmap_utils.cpp
+++ b/tests/slic3rutils/test_filament_bitmap_utils.cpp
@@ -140,8 +140,8 @@ TEST_CASE("recompute_mixed_slot_colors honours the configured ratios and is idem
 // --- mixed_gradient_ramp / sample_gradient_ramp -----------------------------------------
 //
 // The ramp is what every mixed filament swatch is drawn from, so these pin the three things
-// a plain two-endpoint fade got wrong: the reserved ratio band, the component order, and the
-// custom curve.
+// a plain fade between two endpoint colours cannot express: the reserved ratio band, the
+// component order, and the custom curve.
 
 namespace {
 
@@ -169,7 +169,7 @@ TEST_CASE("mixed_gradient_ramp runs bottom to top and never reaches a pure compo
     REQUIRE(ramp.size() == 16);
 
     // Neither end is the pure component colour - the slicer clamps the blend to
-    // [kGradientMinRatio, kGradientMaxRatio], which is exactly what a two-endpoint fade missed.
+    // [kGradientMinRatio, kGradientMaxRatio], which a fade between the pure colours would ignore.
     REQUIRE(ramp.front() != wxColour(255, 0, 0));
     REQUIRE(ramp.back() != wxColour(0, 0, 255));
 
@@ -188,7 +188,7 @@ TEST_CASE("mixed_gradient_ramp follows the range's direction rather than the com
     REQUIRE(falling.size() == 16);
 
     // "0.1,0.9" starts blue-heavy at the bottom; "0.9,0.1" starts red-heavy. Reversing the
-    // range must reverse the ramp, which HSV-sorted endpoint colours could not express.
+    // range must reverse the ramp, which endpoint colours ordered by HSV cannot express.
     REQUIRE(int(rising.front().Blue()) > int(rising.front().Red()));
     REQUIRE(int(falling.front().Red()) > int(falling.front().Blue()));
     require_same_rgb(rising.front(), falling.back());

From e342698d8ef37ccf0ce1fb095192a81cd5413c53 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: SoftFever <softfeverever@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 24 Aug 2026 15:30:02 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 35/51] Update sublayer option check. Add validation warning
 for gradient mixed filament without sublayer mixing

---
 src/libslic3r/Print.cpp                 | 13 +++++
 src/slic3r/GUI/MixedFilamentDialog.cpp  | 24 ---------
 tests/fff_print/test_mixed_filament.cpp | 69 +++++++++++++++++++++++++
 3 files changed, 82 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/libslic3r/Print.cpp b/src/libslic3r/Print.cpp
index 8be66da2a4..1bc1015477 100644
--- a/src/libslic3r/Print.cpp
+++ b/src/libslic3r/Print.cpp
@@ -1328,6 +1328,19 @@ StringObjectException Print::validate(std::vector<StringObjectException> *warnin
     if (extruders.empty())
         return { L("No extrusions under current settings.") };
 
+    // Orca: a gradient mixed filament only renders its gradient with "Mixed color sublayer" on;
+    // without it ToolOrdering::resolve_mixed_filaments prints one whole component per layer and
+    // the gradient is dropped silently. extruders() already covers painting, height ranges,
+    // per-feature filament ids and supports, and still lists mixed slots under their own id here.
+    if (!m_config.enable_mixed_color_sublayer.value) {
+        const auto &is_mixed = m_config.filament_is_mixed.values;
+        const auto &gradient = m_config.filament_mixed_gradient.values;
+        if (std::any_of(extruders.begin(), extruders.end(), [&](unsigned int e) {
+                return e < is_mixed.size() && is_mixed[e] && e < gradient.size() && gradient[e]; }))
+            warn(L("A gradient mixed filament is used, but 'Mixed color sublayer' is disabled. The gradient will not be printed."),
+                 "enable_mixed_color_sublayer");
+    }
+
     if (nozzles < 2 && extruders.size() > 1) {
         auto ret = check_multi_filament_valid(*this);
         if (!ret.string.empty())
diff --git a/src/slic3r/GUI/MixedFilamentDialog.cpp b/src/slic3r/GUI/MixedFilamentDialog.cpp
index 46563664cc..a947f0ed6c 100644
--- a/src/slic3r/GUI/MixedFilamentDialog.cpp
+++ b/src/slic3r/GUI/MixedFilamentDialog.cpp
@@ -23,8 +23,6 @@
 #include "GradientCurveEditor.hpp"
 #include "FilamentBitmapUtils.hpp"
 #include "wxExtensions.hpp"
-#include "Tab.hpp"
-#include "libslic3r/Preset.hpp"
 #include "Widgets/Button.hpp"
 #include "Widgets/CheckBox.hpp"
 #include "Widgets/ComboBox.hpp"
@@ -1492,28 +1490,6 @@ void MixedFilamentDialog::on_ratio_changed(int new_ratio_a)
 
 void MixedFilamentDialog::on_gradient_toggled()
 {
-    // Orca: a gradient is only sliced when the print profile's "enable_mixed_color_sublayer"
-    // option is on; without it ToolOrdering picks a single component per whole layer. Offer to
-    // turn the option on instead of silently ignoring the gradient the user just enabled.
-    bool checked = m_chk_gradient->GetValue();
-
-    if (checked) {
-        auto& print_config = wxGetApp().preset_bundle->prints.get_edited_preset().config;
-        if (!print_config.opt_bool("enable_mixed_color_sublayer")) {
-            wxMessageDialog dlg(this,
-                _L("Gradient effect requires 'Mixed color sublayer' to be enabled. Enable it now?"),
-                _L("Mixed Color Sublayer"),
-                wxYES_NO | wxICON_QUESTION);
-            if (dlg.ShowModal() == wxID_YES) {
-                DynamicPrintConfig new_conf;
-                new_conf.set_key_value("enable_mixed_color_sublayer", new ConfigOptionBool(true));
-                wxGetApp().get_tab(Preset::TYPE_PRINT)->load_config(new_conf);
-            } else {
-                m_chk_gradient->SetValue(false);
-                return;
-            }
-        }
-    }
 
     m_result.gradient_enabled = m_chk_gradient->GetValue();
 
diff --git a/tests/fff_print/test_mixed_filament.cpp b/tests/fff_print/test_mixed_filament.cpp
index a8f1e2e84c..25b426c210 100644
--- a/tests/fff_print/test_mixed_filament.cpp
+++ b/tests/fff_print/test_mixed_filament.cpp
@@ -253,3 +253,72 @@ TEST_CASE("Print::validate rejects a mixed filament as the wipe tower filament",
         CHECK(err.opt_key == "wipe_tower_filament");
     }
 }
+
+TEST_CASE("Print::validate warns when a gradient mixed filament is used without sublayer mixing", "[MixedFilament]")
+{
+    // A gradient mixed filament only renders its gradient with the process option enabled; without
+    // it ToolOrdering prints one whole component per layer and the gradient is dropped silently,
+    // so validate() warns whenever the slot actually takes part in the print. The layer-change
+    // reset avoids an unrelated relative-extrusion warning, as in the wipe tower test above.
+    DynamicPrintConfig config = mixed_config(false);
+    config.set_deserialize_strict({
+        {"filament_mixed_gradient", "0,0,1"},
+        {"layer_change_gcode",       "G92 E0\n"},
+    });
+
+    auto count_opt = [](Print &print, const char *opt_key) {
+        std::vector<StringObjectException> warnings;
+        print.validate(&warnings);
+        return std::count_if(warnings.begin(), warnings.end(),
+                             [&](const StringObjectException &w) { return w.opt_key == opt_key; });
+    };
+
+    SECTION("gradient slot used, sublayer mixing off") {
+        Print print;
+        Model model;
+        init_print({cube(20)}, print, model, config);
+        std::vector<StringObjectException> warnings;
+        const StringObjectException err = print.validate(&warnings);
+        CHECK(err.string.empty());
+        const auto it = std::find_if(warnings.begin(), warnings.end(), [](const StringObjectException &w) {
+            return w.opt_key == "enable_mixed_color_sublayer";
+        });
+        REQUIRE(it != warnings.end());
+        CHECK(it->is_warning);
+        CHECK(std::count_if(warnings.begin(), warnings.end(), [](const StringObjectException &w) {
+                  return w.opt_key == "enable_mixed_color_sublayer";
+              }) == 1);
+    }
+
+    SECTION("sublayer mixing on") {
+        config.set_deserialize_strict({{"enable_mixed_color_sublayer", "1"}});
+        Print print;
+        Model model;
+        init_print({cube(20)}, print, model, config);
+        CHECK(count_opt(print, "enable_mixed_color_sublayer") == 0);
+    }
+
+    SECTION("gradient flag off") {
+        config.set_deserialize_strict({{"filament_mixed_gradient", "0,0,0"}});
+        Print print;
+        Model model;
+        init_print({cube(20)}, print, model, config);
+        CHECK(count_opt(print, "enable_mixed_color_sublayer") == 0);
+    }
+
+    SECTION("mixed slot not used") {
+        config.set_deserialize_strict({
+            {"outer_wall_filament_id",     "0"},
+            {"inner_wall_filament_id",     "0"},
+            {"sparse_infill_filament_id",  "0"},
+            {"internal_solid_filament_id", "0"},
+            {"top_surface_filament_id",    "0"},
+            {"bottom_surface_filament_id", "0"},
+        });
+        Print print;
+        Model model;
+        const std::vector<std::vector<ConfigBase::SetDeserializeItem>> overrides{{{ "extruder", "1" }}};
+        init_print(std::vector<TriangleMesh>{cube(20)}, print, model, config, &overrides);
+        CHECK(count_opt(print, "enable_mixed_color_sublayer") == 0);
+    }
+}

From 1631d3cf01a296a4a0c3ee00f940c2ecb5c912e6 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: SoftFever <softfeverever@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 24 Aug 2026 17:30:28 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 36/51] fix flatpak build

---
 scripts/flatpak/com.orcaslicer.OrcaSlicer.yml | 6 ++++++
 1 file changed, 6 insertions(+)

diff --git a/scripts/flatpak/com.orcaslicer.OrcaSlicer.yml b/scripts/flatpak/com.orcaslicer.OrcaSlicer.yml
index 94c98121ec..d081e2f997 100644
--- a/scripts/flatpak/com.orcaslicer.OrcaSlicer.yml
+++ b/scripts/flatpak/com.orcaslicer.OrcaSlicer.yml
@@ -276,6 +276,12 @@ modules:
         sha256: 27b72ba2d5ff3d0a9814ad40d4cb88f8dc89a35491c0866d952473f8f9416b77
         dest: external-packages/Draco
 
+      # Assimp 5.4.3
+      - type: file
+        url: https://github.com/assimp/assimp/archive/refs/tags/v5.4.3.tar.gz
+        sha256: 66dfbaee288f2bc43172440a55d0235dfc7bf885dda6435c038e8000e79582cb
+        dest: external-packages/Assimp
+
       # OpenSSL 1.1.1w (GNOME SDK has 3.x; OrcaSlicer requires 1.1.x)
       - type: file
         url: https://github.com/openssl/openssl/archive/OpenSSL_1_1_1w.tar.gz

From 0fa25acda81354be0c7fdfa9fc54a80b6fae977a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: SoftFever <softfeverever@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 25 Aug 2026 00:47:25 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 37/51] Match OrcaSlicer's color theme in the color-mixing UI

---
 src/slic3r/GUI/ColorDecomposeDialog.cpp |  29 +-
 src/slic3r/GUI/GLCanvas3D.cpp           |   8 +-
 src/slic3r/GUI/GradientCurveEditor.cpp  |  14 +-
 src/slic3r/GUI/MixedFilamentDialog.cpp  |  88 ++---
 src/slic3r/GUI/MixedFilamentDialog.hpp  |   4 -
 src/slic3r/GUI/PlateSettingsDialog.cpp  |   2 +-
 src/slic3r/GUI/Plater.cpp               |  14 +-
 src/slic3r/GUI/TextureImportDialog.cpp  | 427 ++++++++++--------------
 src/slic3r/GUI/TextureImportDialog.hpp  |  23 +-
 src/slic3r/GUI/Widgets/DropDown.cpp     |   7 +-
 10 files changed, 264 insertions(+), 352 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/slic3r/GUI/ColorDecomposeDialog.cpp b/src/slic3r/GUI/ColorDecomposeDialog.cpp
index c52d4f4380..ad4594f948 100644
--- a/src/slic3r/GUI/ColorDecomposeDialog.cpp
+++ b/src/slic3r/GUI/ColorDecomposeDialog.cpp
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@
 namespace Slic3r {
 namespace GUI {
 
-static const wxColour COLOR_BRAND("#00AE42");
+static const wxColour COLOR_BRAND("#009688");
 static const wxColour COLOR_BORDER_NORMAL("#EEEEEE");
 static const wxColour COLOR_BG_CARD("#F8F8F8");
 static const wxColour COLOR_LABEL_GREY("#ACACAC");
@@ -394,7 +394,7 @@ wxPanel* ColorDecomposeDialog::create_mode_card(wxWindow* parent, DecomposeMode
     auto* title_sizer = new wxBoxSizer(wxHORIZONTAL);
     auto* title_label = new wxStaticText(card, wxID_ANY, title);
     title_label->SetFont(Label::Body_14);
-    title_label->SetForegroundColour(StateColor::darkModeColorFor(wxColour("#909090")));
+    title_label->SetForegroundColour(StateColor::darkModeColorFor(wxColour("#6B6A6A")));
     match_parent_bg(title_label, StateColor::darkModeColorFor(COLOR_BG_CARD));
     title_sizer->Add(title_label, 1, wxALIGN_CENTER_VERTICAL);
 
@@ -523,7 +523,7 @@ wxBoxSizer* ColorDecomposeDialog::create_mode_selection_section()
     m_no_card_hint = new wxStaticText(this, wxID_ANY,
         _L("At least two filaments of the same material type are required for decomposition"));
     m_no_card_hint->SetFont(Label::Body_13);
-    m_no_card_hint->SetForegroundColour(StateColor::darkModeColorFor(wxColour("#909090")));
+    m_no_card_hint->SetForegroundColour(StateColor::darkModeColorFor(wxColour("#6B6A6A")));
     m_no_card_hint->Wrap(FromDIP(400));
     m_no_card_hint->Hide();
     sizer->Add(m_no_card_hint, 0, wxTOP, FromDIP(8));
@@ -536,7 +536,7 @@ wxBoxSizer* ColorDecomposeDialog::create_mode_selection_section()
         wxDefaultPosition, wxSize(FromDIP(16), FromDIP(16)));
     m_limit_warning_text = new wxStaticText(m_limit_warning_panel, wxID_ANY, wxEmptyString);
     m_limit_warning_text->SetFont(Label::Body_13);
-    m_limit_warning_text->SetForegroundColour(StateColor::darkModeColorFor(wxColour("#D32F2F")));
+    m_limit_warning_text->SetForegroundColour(StateColor::darkModeColorFor(wxColour("#D01B1B")));
     m_limit_warning_text->Wrap(FromDIP(400));
     warning_sizer->Add(warn_bmp, 0, wxALIGN_TOP | wxRIGHT, FromDIP(6));
     warning_sizer->Add(m_limit_warning_text, 1, wxEXPAND);
@@ -553,22 +553,23 @@ wxBoxSizer* ColorDecomposeDialog::create_button_panel()
     sizer->AddStretchSpacer();
 
     m_btn_cancel = new Button(this, _L("Cancel"));
-    m_btn_cancel->SetBackgroundColor(StateColor::darkModeColorFor(*wxWHITE));
-    m_btn_cancel->SetBorderColor(StateColor::darkModeColorFor(wxColour("#CECECE")));
-    m_btn_cancel->SetTextColor(StateColor::darkModeColorFor(wxColour("#262E30")));
+    m_btn_cancel->SetBackgroundColor(*wxWHITE);
+    m_btn_cancel->SetBorderColor(wxColour("#CECECE"));
+    m_btn_cancel->SetTextColor(COLOR_TEXT_DARK);
     m_btn_cancel->SetMinSize(wxSize(FromDIP(55), FromDIP(24)));
     m_btn_cancel->Bind(wxEVT_BUTTON, [this](wxCommandEvent&) { EndModal(wxID_CANCEL); });
 
     m_btn_ok = new Button(this, _L("OK"));
     m_btn_ok->SetBackgroundColor(StateColor(
-        std::make_pair(wxColour("#C2C2C2"), (int) StateColor::Disabled),
-        std::make_pair(wxColour("#00AE42"), (int) StateColor::Normal)));
+        std::make_pair(wxColour("#CECECE"), (int) StateColor::Disabled),
+        std::make_pair(wxColour(0, 137, 123), (int) StateColor::Pressed),
+        std::make_pair(COLOR_BRAND, (int) StateColor::Normal)));
     m_btn_ok->SetBorderColor(StateColor(
-        std::make_pair(wxColour("#C2C2C2"), (int) StateColor::Disabled),
-        std::make_pair(wxColour("#00AE42"), (int) StateColor::Normal)));
-    m_btn_ok->SetTextColor(StateColor(
-        std::make_pair(*wxWHITE, (int) StateColor::Disabled),
-        std::make_pair(*wxWHITE, (int) StateColor::Normal)));
+        std::make_pair(wxColour("#CECECE"), (int) StateColor::Disabled),
+        std::make_pair(COLOR_BRAND, (int) StateColor::Normal)));
+    // Off-by-one white: plain #FFFFFF is a dark-mode key and would repaint the
+    // label as the window background on the accent fill.
+    m_btn_ok->SetTextColor(wxColour("#FFFFFE"));
     m_btn_ok->SetMinSize(wxSize(FromDIP(55), FromDIP(24)));
     m_btn_ok->Bind(wxEVT_BUTTON, [this](wxCommandEvent&) {
         EndModal(wxID_OK);
diff --git a/src/slic3r/GUI/GLCanvas3D.cpp b/src/slic3r/GUI/GLCanvas3D.cpp
index 6d03f992cd..34279369a1 100644
--- a/src/slic3r/GUI/GLCanvas3D.cpp
+++ b/src/slic3r/GUI/GLCanvas3D.cpp
@@ -9751,7 +9751,13 @@ void GLCanvas3D::_render_paint_toolbar() const
 
     const float text_offset_y = 4.0f * em_unit * f_scale;
     for (int i = 0; i < extruder_num; i++) {
-        decode_color(colors[i], rgba);
+        // A gradient slot's swatch shows its fade instead of the blended colour in `colors`, so the
+        // labels take their contrast from the colour printed at the middle of the fade they sit on.
+        if (i < (int) gradient_ramps.size() && !gradient_ramps[i].empty()) {
+            const wxColour& c = gradient_ramps[i][gradient_ramps[i].size() / 2];
+            rgba = ColorRGBA(c.Red(), c.Green(), c.Blue(), c.Alpha());
+        } else
+            decode_color(colors[i], rgba);
         float  gray       = 0.299 * rgba.r_uchar() + 0.587 * rgba.g_uchar() + 0.114 * rgba.b_uchar();
         ImVec4 text_color = gray < 80 ? ImVec4(1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f) : ImVec4(0, 0, 0, 1.0f);
 
diff --git a/src/slic3r/GUI/GradientCurveEditor.cpp b/src/slic3r/GUI/GradientCurveEditor.cpp
index 678fee0efc..5b1073d231 100644
--- a/src/slic3r/GUI/GradientCurveEditor.cpp
+++ b/src/slic3r/GUI/GradientCurveEditor.cpp
@@ -39,12 +39,13 @@ constexpr int kAxisArrowLen     = 10;  // length of the axis arrow triangle (DIP
 
 // Light-mode design tokens. Resolved through StateColor::darkModeColorFor()
 // at paint time so the editor follows the app theme (#EEEEEE -> #4C4C55, #6B6B6B ->
-// #818183, #262E30 -> #EFEFF0, *wxWHITE -> #2D2D31). Don't read these directly in paint;
-// always go through the resolved locals declared at the top of on_paint().
+// #818183, #262E30 -> #EFEFF0, #ACACAC -> #65656A, *wxWHITE -> #2D2D31). Don't read these
+// directly in paint; always go through the resolved locals declared at the top of on_paint().
 const wxColour kGridColor   (238, 238, 238);   // #EEEEEE grey 300
 const wxColour kAxisColor   (107, 107, 107);   // #6B6B6B grey 700
 const wxColour kLabelMuted  (107, 107, 107);   // #6B6B6B grey 700
 const wxColour kLabelStrong ( 38,  46,  48);   // #262E30 grey 900
+const wxColour kOutlineColor(172, 172, 172);   // #ACACAC dimmed elements
 
 // LAB (DeltaE76) threshold for "curve color is too close to the background": below it the curve
 // gets a subtle outline so it does not visually vanish, otherwise it is drawn plain. Looser than
@@ -321,6 +322,9 @@ void GradientCurveEditor::on_paint(wxPaintEvent& /*evt*/)
     const wxColour label_muted   = StateColor::darkModeColorFor(kLabelMuted);
     const wxColour label_strong  = StateColor::darkModeColorFor(kLabelStrong);
     const wxColour point_fill    = StateColor::darkModeColorFor(*wxWHITE);
+    // Softer than axis_color: the curve outline only has to lift the curve off the
+    // background, it must not compete with the structural axis / grid.
+    const wxColour outline_color = StateColor::darkModeColorFor(kOutlineColor);
 
     wxAutoBufferedPaintDC raw_dc(this);
     raw_dc.SetBackground(wxBrush(bg));
@@ -462,12 +466,6 @@ void GradientCurveEditor::on_paint(wxPaintEvent& /*evt*/)
 
     // Outline only when the curve color is perceptually close to the background; otherwise
     // the plain filament color reads fine and the extra stroke would look heavy.
-    // Outline tone is intentionally softer than axis_color so it disambiguates the curve
-    // from the bg without competing with the structural axis/grid: light mode uses a pale
-    // grey, dark mode uses a slightly-above-bg grey (gDarkColors has no entry for these).
-    const wxColour outline_color = wxGetApp().dark_mode()
-        ? wxColour(90,  90,  94)    // > bg #2B2B2B, < axis #818183
-        : wxColour(200, 200, 200);  // > grid #EEEEEE, < axis #6B6B6B
     auto needs_outline = [&](const wxColour& c) {
         return calc_color_distance(c, bg) < kBgSimilarThreshold;
     };
diff --git a/src/slic3r/GUI/MixedFilamentDialog.cpp b/src/slic3r/GUI/MixedFilamentDialog.cpp
index a947f0ed6c..10144a5003 100644
--- a/src/slic3r/GUI/MixedFilamentDialog.cpp
+++ b/src/slic3r/GUI/MixedFilamentDialog.cpp
@@ -35,6 +35,9 @@ namespace GUI {
 static constexpr int MAX_COMPONENTS = 3;
 static constexpr int MIN_COMPONENT_RATIO = 10;
 
+// Section headings and the placeholder text share one muted tone; light key, resolved at each use.
+static const wxColour COLOR_LABEL_MUTED("#6B6A6A");
+
 // Lightweight self-painting label used for both dual-color and triple-color
 // ratio percentage display.  Hover shows a rounded-rect background; click
 // fires wxEVT_LEFT_DOWN which the owning dialog binds to start_ratio_editor.
@@ -92,7 +95,7 @@ private:
         }
 
         dc.SetFont(GetFont());
-        dc.SetTextForeground(m_hovered ? wxColour("#00AE42")
+        dc.SetTextForeground(m_hovered ? StateColor::darkModeColorFor(wxColour("#009688"))
                                        : StateColor::darkModeColorFor(wxColour("#262E30")));
         wxSize ts = dc.GetTextExtent(m_text);
         int x = (sz.GetWidth()  - ts.GetWidth())  / 2;
@@ -132,12 +135,6 @@ MixedFilamentDialog::MixedFilamentDialog(wxWindow* parent,
     m_result.ratios     = {50, 50};
     build_ui();
     wxGetApp().UpdateDlgDarkUI(this);
-
-    wxImage img;
-    if (img.LoadFile(from_u8(Slic3r::var("mixed_filament_preview_twocolor.png")), wxBITMAP_TYPE_PNG))
-        m_preview_bmp_two = wxBitmap(img);
-    if (img.LoadFile(from_u8(Slic3r::var("mixed_filament_preview_threecolor.png")), wxBITMAP_TYPE_PNG))
-        m_preview_bmp_three = wxBitmap(img);
 }
 
 MixedFilamentDialog::~MixedFilamentDialog()
@@ -180,12 +177,6 @@ MixedFilamentDialog::MixedFilamentDialog(wxWindow* parent,
     }
     build_ui();
     wxGetApp().UpdateDlgDarkUI(this);
-
-    wxImage img;
-    if (img.LoadFile(from_u8(Slic3r::var("mixed_filament_preview_twocolor.png")), wxBITMAP_TYPE_PNG))
-        m_preview_bmp_two = wxBitmap(img);
-    if (img.LoadFile(from_u8(Slic3r::var("mixed_filament_preview_threecolor.png")), wxBITMAP_TYPE_PNG))
-        m_preview_bmp_three = wxBitmap(img);
 }
 
 void MixedFilamentDialog::on_dpi_changed(const wxRect&)
@@ -609,13 +600,7 @@ void MixedFilamentDialog::commit_ratio_editor_from_background(wxMouseEvent& e)
 
 void MixedFilamentDialog::build_ui()
 {
-    const wxColour mc_bg       = StateColor::darkModeColorFor(*wxWHITE);
-    const wxColour mc_bg_sub   = StateColor::darkModeColorFor(wxColour("#F8F8F8"));
-    const wxColour mc_border   = StateColor::darkModeColorFor(wxColour("#CECECE"));
-    const wxColour mc_text     = StateColor::darkModeColorFor(wxColour("#262E30"));
-    const wxColour mc_dim_text = StateColor::darkModeColorFor(wxColour("#ACACAC"));
-
-    SetBackgroundColour(mc_bg);
+    SetBackgroundColour(StateColor::darkModeColorFor(*wxWHITE));
     Bind(wxEVT_LEFT_DOWN, &MixedFilamentDialog::commit_ratio_editor_from_background, this);
     SetSize(FromDIP(439), FromDIP(580));
 
@@ -727,7 +712,7 @@ wxBoxSizer* MixedFilamentDialog::create_preview_panel()
     sizer->Add(m_preview_canvas, 0, wxALIGN_CENTER);
 
     auto* label = new wxStaticText(this, wxID_ANY, _L("Effect Preview"));
-    label->SetForegroundColour(wxColour("#909090"));
+    label->SetForegroundColour(StateColor::darkModeColorFor(COLOR_LABEL_MUTED));
     label->SetFont(::Label::Body_13);
     sizer->Add(label, 0, wxALIGN_CENTER | wxTOP, FromDIP(4));
 
@@ -803,7 +788,7 @@ wxBoxSizer* MixedFilamentDialog::create_material_selection()
     sizer->Add(m_summary_panel, 0, wxEXPAND);
 
     auto* sel_label = new wxStaticText(this, wxID_ANY, _L("Select Mixed Materials"));
-    sel_label->SetForegroundColour(wxColour("#909090"));
+    sel_label->SetForegroundColour(StateColor::darkModeColorFor(COLOR_LABEL_MUTED));
     sel_label->SetFont(::Label::Body_12);
     sizer->Add(sel_label, 0, wxTOP, FromDIP(6));
 
@@ -821,7 +806,10 @@ wxBoxSizer* MixedFilamentDialog::create_material_selection()
     m_btn_add_material = new Button(this, _L("+ Add Material"));
     m_btn_add_material->SetBackgroundColor(wxColour("#F8F8F8"));
     m_btn_add_material->SetBorderColor(wxColour("#EEEEEE"));
-    m_btn_add_material->SetTextColor(wxColour("#262E30"));
+    // The disabled tone rides on the StateColor so Enable() alone repaints it, the way m_btn_ok does.
+    m_btn_add_material->SetTextColor(StateColor(
+        std::make_pair(wxColour("#ACACAC"), (int) StateColor::Disabled),
+        std::make_pair(wxColour("#262E30"), (int) StateColor::Normal)));
     m_btn_add_material->SetMinSize(wxSize(-1, FromDIP(24)));
     m_btn_add_material->SetCursor(wxCursor(wxCURSOR_HAND));
     m_btn_add_material->EnableTooltipEvenDisabled();
@@ -848,7 +836,7 @@ wxBoxSizer* MixedFilamentDialog::create_ratio_slider()
     auto* sizer = new wxBoxSizer(wxVERTICAL);
 
     auto* ratio_label = new wxStaticText(this, wxID_ANY, _L("Ratio"));
-    ratio_label->SetForegroundColour(wxColour("#909090"));
+    ratio_label->SetForegroundColour(StateColor::darkModeColorFor(COLOR_LABEL_MUTED));
     ratio_label->SetFont(::Label::Body_12);
     sizer->Add(ratio_label, 0, wxBOTTOM, FromDIP(4));
 
@@ -870,7 +858,9 @@ wxBoxSizer* MixedFilamentDialog::create_ratio_slider()
         }
 
         int div_x = (int)(ratio(1) / 100.0 * sz.GetWidth());
-        dc.SetPen(wxPen(StateColor::darkModeColorFor(wxColour(80, 80, 80)), FromDIP(4)));
+        // Fixed in both themes, like the triangle picker's drag handle: the divider is drawn over
+        // blended filament colour, so it has to keep its contrast against data rather than chrome.
+        dc.SetPen(wxPen(wxColour(80, 80, 80), FromDIP(4)));
         dc.DrawLine(div_x, 0, div_x, sz.GetHeight());
         dc.SetPen(wxPen(*wxWHITE, FromDIP(2)));
         dc.DrawLine(div_x, 0, div_x, sz.GetHeight());
@@ -1081,7 +1071,7 @@ wxBoxSizer* MixedFilamentDialog::create_triangle_picker()
             int top_label_y = std::max(0, (int)(v0.y - ts0.GetHeight() - FromDIP(4)));
 
             dc.SetFont(::Label::Body_12);
-            dc.SetTextForeground(wxColour("#909090"));
+            dc.SetTextForeground(StateColor::darkModeColorFor(COLOR_LABEL_MUTED));
             dc.DrawText(_L("Ratio"), FromDIP(2), top_label_y);
 
             // Position the real RatioLabelPanel children
@@ -1247,7 +1237,7 @@ wxBoxSizer* MixedFilamentDialog::create_recommendation_grid()
 
     auto* rec_line = new wxPanel(this, wxID_ANY);
     rec_line->SetMinSize(wxSize(-1, 1));
-    rec_line->SetBackgroundColour(StateColor::darkModeColorFor(wxColour("#DFDFDF")));
+    rec_line->SetBackgroundColour(StateColor::darkModeColorFor(wxColour("#EEEEEE")));
     title_sizer->Add(rec_line, 1, wxALIGN_CENTER_VERTICAL);
 
     outer->Add(title_sizer, 0, wxEXPAND | wxBOTTOM, FromDIP(4));
@@ -1386,9 +1376,14 @@ wxBoxSizer* MixedFilamentDialog::create_button_panel()
     m_btn_cancel->Bind(wxEVT_BUTTON, [this](wxCommandEvent&) { EndModal(wxID_CANCEL); });
 
     m_btn_ok = new Button(this, _L("OK"));
-    m_btn_ok->SetBackgroundColor(wxColour("#00AE42"));
-    m_btn_ok->SetBorderColor(wxColour("#00AE42"));
-    m_btn_ok->SetTextColor(*wxWHITE);
+    m_btn_ok->SetBackgroundColor(StateColor(
+        std::make_pair(wxColour("#CECECE"), (int) StateColor::Disabled),
+        std::make_pair(wxColour(0, 137, 123), (int) StateColor::Pressed),
+        std::make_pair(wxColour("#009688"), (int) StateColor::Normal)));
+    m_btn_ok->SetBorderColor(StateColor(
+        std::make_pair(wxColour("#CECECE"), (int) StateColor::Disabled),
+        std::make_pair(wxColour("#009688"), (int) StateColor::Normal)));
+    m_btn_ok->SetTextColor(wxColour("#FFFFFE"));
     m_btn_ok->SetMinSize(wxSize(FromDIP(55), FromDIP(24)));
     m_btn_ok->Bind(wxEVT_BUTTON, [this](wxCommandEvent&) { EndModal(wxID_OK); });
 
@@ -1721,15 +1716,15 @@ void MixedFilamentDialog::paint_warning_panel(wxPaintEvent&)
     dc.SetPen(*wxTRANSPARENT_PEN);
     dc.DrawRectangle(0, 0, sz.GetWidth(), sz.GetHeight());
 
-    dc.SetBrush(wxBrush(wxColour(255, 245, 245)));
-    dc.SetPen(wxPen(wxColour("#E84C4C"), 1));
+    dc.SetBrush(wxBrush(StateColor::darkModeColorFor(wxColour("#F8F8F8"))));
+    dc.SetPen(wxPen(StateColor::darkModeColorFor(wxColour("#D01B1B")), 1));
     dc.DrawRoundedRectangle(0, 0, sz.GetWidth(), sz.GetHeight(), FromDIP(4));
 
     int x = FromDIP(10);
     int cy = sz.GetHeight() / 2;
 
     int icon_r = FromDIP(7);
-    dc.SetBrush(wxBrush(wxColour("#E84C4C")));
+    dc.SetBrush(wxBrush(StateColor::darkModeColorFor(wxColour("#D01B1B"))));
     dc.SetPen(*wxTRANSPARENT_PEN);
     dc.DrawCircle(x + icon_r, cy, icon_r);
     dc.SetFont(::Label::Body_10);
@@ -1741,7 +1736,7 @@ void MixedFilamentDialog::paint_warning_panel(wxPaintEvent&)
     if (m_type_mismatch_msg.empty()) return;
 
     dc.SetFont(::Label::Body_12);
-    dc.SetTextForeground(wxColour("#E84C4C"));
+    dc.SetTextForeground(StateColor::darkModeColorFor(wxColour("#D01B1B")));
     wxString msg = m_type_mismatch_msg;
     int avail_w = sz.GetWidth() - x - FromDIP(10);
     wxSize ts = dc.GetTextExtent(msg);
@@ -1812,20 +1807,14 @@ void MixedFilamentDialog::update_ok_button_state()
     }
 
     bool can_confirm = !has_type_mismatch && !has_unselected;
+    // Enable() alone repaints the button: its StateColor carries the disabled grey.
     m_btn_ok->Enable(can_confirm);
-    if (has_unselected) {
-        m_btn_ok->SetBackgroundColor(wxColour("#CECECE"));
-        m_btn_ok->SetBorderColor(wxColour("#CECECE"));
+    if (has_unselected)
         m_btn_ok->SetToolTip(_L("Please select a filament for all components"));
-    } else if (has_type_mismatch) {
-        m_btn_ok->SetBackgroundColor(wxColour("#CECECE"));
-        m_btn_ok->SetBorderColor(wxColour("#CECECE"));
+    else if (has_type_mismatch)
         m_btn_ok->SetToolTip(_L("Cannot mix different filament types"));
-    } else {
-        m_btn_ok->SetBackgroundColor(wxColour("#00AE42"));
-        m_btn_ok->SetBorderColor(wxColour("#00AE42"));
+    else
         m_btn_ok->SetToolTip(wxEmptyString);
-    }
 
     if (m_warning_panel) {
         m_warning_panel->Show(has_type_mismatch);
@@ -1946,15 +1935,8 @@ void MixedFilamentDialog::update_component_count_ui()
     if (m_btn_add_material) {
         bool can_add = (num_components() < (size_t)MAX_COMPONENTS && m_physical_colors.size() > num_components());
         m_btn_add_material->Enable(can_add);
-        if (can_add) {
-            m_btn_add_material->SetTextColor(wxColour("#262E30"));
-            m_btn_add_material->SetBorderColor(wxColour("#EEEEEE"));
-            m_btn_add_material->SetToolTip(wxEmptyString);
-        } else {
-            m_btn_add_material->SetTextColor(wxColour("#CECECE"));
-            m_btn_add_material->SetBorderColor(wxColour("#EEEEEE"));
-            m_btn_add_material->SetToolTip(is_three ? _L("Maximum 3 materials for mixing") : _L("Maximum number of components reached"));
-        }
+        m_btn_add_material->SetToolTip(can_add ? wxString()
+            : (is_three ? _L("Maximum 3 materials for mixing") : _L("Maximum number of components reached")));
     }
 
     if (m_btn_remove_material) {
diff --git a/src/slic3r/GUI/MixedFilamentDialog.hpp b/src/slic3r/GUI/MixedFilamentDialog.hpp
index 6085f77873..ea8ac5ad16 100644
--- a/src/slic3r/GUI/MixedFilamentDialog.hpp
+++ b/src/slic3r/GUI/MixedFilamentDialog.hpp
@@ -158,10 +158,6 @@ private:
     wxScrolledWindow*           m_recommendation_scroll{nullptr};
     wxWrapSizer*                m_recommendation_grid{nullptr};
 
-    // Cached preview bitmaps (loaded once at construction)
-    wxBitmap                    m_preview_bmp_two;
-    wxBitmap                    m_preview_bmp_three;
-
     // Drag state. The ratio bar and the triangle picker capture the mouse
     // independently, so they must not share a flag: a mouse-up on one would
     // otherwise clear the other's flag and skip its ReleaseMouse().
diff --git a/src/slic3r/GUI/PlateSettingsDialog.cpp b/src/slic3r/GUI/PlateSettingsDialog.cpp
index bc81335d61..07c955ef01 100644
--- a/src/slic3r/GUI/PlateSettingsDialog.cpp
+++ b/src/slic3r/GUI/PlateSettingsDialog.cpp
@@ -486,7 +486,7 @@ PlateSettingsDialog::PlateSettingsDialog(wxWindow* parent, const wxString& title
                                                   wxDefaultPosition, wxSize(FromDIP(16), FromDIP(16)));
             auto *warn_text  = new wxStaticText(this, wxID_ANY,
                 _L("The filament list contains mixed filaments. Custom filament sequence will not take effect."));
-            warn_text->SetForegroundColour(wxColour(255, 111, 0));
+            warn_text->SetForegroundColour(StateColor::darkModeColorFor(wxColour("#FF6F00")));
             warn_text->SetFont(Label::Body_12);
             warn_text->Wrap(FromDIP(300));
 
diff --git a/src/slic3r/GUI/Plater.cpp b/src/slic3r/GUI/Plater.cpp
index 8b0fcc3902..0772b3ae11 100644
--- a/src/slic3r/GUI/Plater.cpp
+++ b/src/slic3r/GUI/Plater.cpp
@@ -3148,12 +3148,12 @@ Sidebar::Sidebar(Plater *parent)
 
     // 4) Warning bar for mixes whose components were deleted or whose types disagree.
     p->m_panel_mixed_warning = new wxPanel(p->scrolled, wxID_ANY);
-    p->m_panel_mixed_warning->SetBackgroundColour(wxColour("#FDE8E8"));
+    p->m_panel_mixed_warning->SetBackgroundColour(StateColor::darkModeColorFor(*wxWHITE));
     {
         auto* warn_sizer = new wxBoxSizer(wxHORIZONTAL);
         p->m_text_mixed_warning = new wxStaticText(p->m_panel_mixed_warning, wxID_ANY,
             _L("Mixed filament has invalid or mismatched components. Please re-edit affected entries."));
-        p->m_text_mixed_warning->SetForegroundColour(wxColour("#D32F2F"));
+        p->m_text_mixed_warning->SetForegroundColour(StateColor::darkModeColorFor(wxColour("#D01B1B")));
         p->m_text_mixed_warning->SetFont(::Label::Body_12);
         p->m_text_mixed_warning->Wrap(FromDIP(360));
         warn_sizer->Add(p->m_text_mixed_warning, 1, wxALL, FromDIP(6));
@@ -3999,12 +3999,12 @@ void Sidebar::update_mixed_filament_list()
                 physical_colors.push_back(colours_opt->values[i]);
         }
 
-        auto make_swatch_panel = [this, mc_text](wxWindow* parent, const wxColour& col, unsigned int num) -> wxPanel* {
+        auto make_swatch_panel = [this](wxWindow* parent, const wxColour& col, unsigned int num) -> wxPanel* {
             int swatch_sz = FromDIP(20);
             auto* panel = new wxPanel(parent, wxID_ANY, wxDefaultPosition, wxSize(swatch_sz, swatch_sz));
             panel->SetMinSize(wxSize(swatch_sz, swatch_sz));
             bool is_dark = wxGetApp().dark_mode();
-            panel->Bind(wxEVT_PAINT, [panel, col, num, mc_text, is_dark](wxPaintEvent&) {
+            panel->Bind(wxEVT_PAINT, [panel, col, num, is_dark](wxPaintEvent&) {
                 wxPaintDC dc(panel);
                 wxSize sz = panel->GetClientSize();
                 dc.SetBackground(wxBrush(col));
@@ -4110,7 +4110,7 @@ void Sidebar::update_mixed_filament_list()
                                                wxDefaultPosition, wxSize(swatch_sz, swatch_sz));
                 grad_panel->SetMinSize(wxSize(swatch_sz, swatch_sz));
                 grad_panel->SetBackgroundStyle(wxBG_STYLE_PAINT);
-                grad_panel->Bind(wxEVT_PAINT, [grad_panel, gradient_ramp, mix_num, mc_text](wxPaintEvent&) {
+                grad_panel->Bind(wxEVT_PAINT, [grad_panel, gradient_ramp, mix_num](wxPaintEvent&) {
                     wxBufferedPaintDC dc(grad_panel);
                     wxSize sz = grad_panel->GetClientSize();
                     fill_gradient_ramp_rect(dc, wxRect(0, 0, sz.GetWidth(), sz.GetHeight()), gradient_ramp);
@@ -4119,7 +4119,7 @@ void Sidebar::update_mixed_filament_list()
                     wxSize txt_sz = dc.GetTextExtent(txt);
                     // The number sits at the swatch's middle, so take its contrast from the
                     // colour printed at mid height rather than from either endpoint.
-                    dc.SetTextForeground(gradient_ramp[gradient_ramp.size() / 2].GetLuminance() > 0.5 ? mc_text : *wxWHITE);
+                    dc.SetTextForeground(gradient_ramp[gradient_ramp.size() / 2].GetLuminance() > 0.5 ? wxColour(50, 58, 61) : *wxWHITE);
                     dc.DrawText(txt, (sz.GetWidth() - txt_sz.GetWidth()) / 2,
                                      (sz.GetHeight() - txt_sz.GetHeight()) / 2);
                 });
@@ -4251,7 +4251,7 @@ void Sidebar::update_mixed_filament_list()
                         dc.DrawRectangle(x, y_swatch, cp_swatch_sz, cp_swatch_sz);
                         wxString dash = wxT("\u2014");
                         wxSize dash_sz = dc.GetTextExtent(dash);
-                        dc.SetTextForeground(wxColour("#909090"));
+                        dc.SetTextForeground(mc_dim);
                         dc.DrawText(dash, x + (cp_swatch_sz - dash_sz.GetWidth()) / 2,
                                           y_swatch + (cp_swatch_sz - dash_sz.GetHeight()) / 2);
                     }
diff --git a/src/slic3r/GUI/TextureImportDialog.cpp b/src/slic3r/GUI/TextureImportDialog.cpp
index ef9beda4d0..1a24799a15 100644
--- a/src/slic3r/GUI/TextureImportDialog.cpp
+++ b/src/slic3r/GUI/TextureImportDialog.cpp
@@ -43,11 +43,6 @@ static constexpr const char* DEFAULT_VIRTUAL_FILAMENT_NAME       = "Bambu PLA Ba
 
 static bool is_dark() { return Slic3r::GUI::wxGetApp().dark_mode(); }
 
-static wxColour dark_or(const wxColour& light, const wxColour& dark)
-{
-    return is_dark() ? dark : light;
-}
-
 static wxColour texture_import_gray9000()
 {
     return wxColour(38, 46, 48);
@@ -58,9 +53,41 @@ static wxColour texture_import_text_colour()
     return StateColor::darkModeColorFor(texture_import_gray9000());
 }
 
+// StaticLine::SetLineColour stores the raw key and resolves it itself when it paints, so those
+// sinks take SEPARATOR_COLOUR_KEY directly; only raw wx sinks need the resolved form below.
+static constexpr const char* SEPARATOR_COLOUR_KEY = "#CECECE";
+
 static wxColour texture_import_separator_colour()
 {
-    return StateColor::darkModeColorFor(wxColour("#CECECE"));
+    return StateColor::darkModeColorFor(wxColour(SEPARATOR_COLOUR_KEY));
+}
+
+// Orca's confirm palette, applied here rather than through Button::SetStyle because these buttons
+// keep custom pill geometry that SetStyle resets. The Disabled entries are load-bearing: without
+// one, StateColor::colorForStates falls through to the Normal entry and a disabled button paints
+// as a live accent button.
+static void apply_accent_button_colours(Button* btn)
+{
+    btn->SetBackgroundColor(StateColor(
+        std::pair<wxColour, int>(wxColour("#CECECE"), StateColor::Disabled),
+        std::pair<wxColour, int>(wxColour(0, 137, 123), StateColor::Pressed),
+        std::pair<wxColour, int>(wxColour(38, 166, 154), StateColor::Hovered),
+        std::pair<wxColour, int>(wxColour(0, 150, 136), StateColor::Normal)));
+    btn->SetBorderColor(StateColor(
+        std::pair<wxColour, int>(wxColour("#CECECE"), StateColor::Disabled),
+        std::pair<wxColour, int>(wxColour(0, 150, 136), StateColor::Normal)));
+    btn->SetTextColor(StateColor(
+        std::pair<wxColour, int>(wxColour("#6B6B6A"), StateColor::Disabled),
+        std::pair<wxColour, int>(wxColour("#FFFFFE"), StateColor::Normal)));
+}
+
+// The same button while the parameters behind it are dirty: still clickable, but reading as
+// "what you see is not what this button would apply".
+static void apply_muted_button_colours(Button* btn)
+{
+    btn->SetBackgroundColor(wxColour("#CECECE"));
+    btn->SetBorderColor(wxColour("#CECECE"));
+    btn->SetTextColor(wxColour("#6B6B6A"));
 }
 
 static wxFont texture_import_section_title_font(wxWindow* win)
@@ -162,29 +189,16 @@ static wxString ellipsize_text(wxDC& dc, wxString text, int max_width)
     return text + ellipsis;
 }
 
-static int draw_brand_icon_and_strip(wxDC& dc, wxWindow* win, wxString& name, int x, int cy)
-{
-    int icon_sz = win->FromDIP(16);
-    if (name.StartsWith("Bambu ")) {
-        name = name.Mid(6);
-        wxBitmap bmp = create_scaled_bitmap("BambuStudioBlack", win, 16);
-        if (bmp.IsOk())
-            dc.DrawBitmap(bmp, x, cy - icon_sz / 2, true);
-        x += icon_sz + win->FromDIP(4);
-    }
-    return x;
-}
-
 // ============================================================
-// GreenSlider — thin track + green triangle thumb
+// AccentSlider — thin track + accent-coloured triangle thumb
 // ============================================================
 
-class GreenSlider : public wxPanel {
+class AccentSlider : public wxPanel {
 public:
-    GreenSlider(wxWindow* parent, int value, int minVal, int maxVal,
-                const wxPoint& pos = wxDefaultPosition,
-                const wxSize& size = wxDefaultSize);
-    ~GreenSlider() override;
+    AccentSlider(wxWindow* parent, int value, int minVal, int maxVal,
+                 const wxPoint& pos = wxDefaultPosition,
+                 const wxSize& size = wxDefaultSize);
+    ~AccentSlider() override;
     int  GetValue() const;
     void SetValue(int val);
     bool Enable(bool enable = true) override;
@@ -197,8 +211,8 @@ private:
     bool m_dragging = false;
 };
 
-GreenSlider::GreenSlider(wxWindow* parent, int value, int minVal, int maxVal,
-                         const wxPoint& pos, const wxSize& size)
+AccentSlider::AccentSlider(wxWindow* parent, int value, int minVal, int maxVal,
+                           const wxPoint& pos, const wxSize& size)
     : wxPanel(parent, wxID_ANY, pos, size.IsFullySpecified() ? size : wxSize(-1, parent->FromDIP(24)),
               wxTAB_TRAVERSAL | wxFULL_REPAINT_ON_RESIZE)
     , m_value(std::clamp(value, minVal, maxVal)), m_min(minVal), m_max(maxVal)
@@ -206,18 +220,18 @@ GreenSlider::GreenSlider(wxWindow* parent, int value, int minVal, int maxVal,
     SetBackgroundStyle(wxBG_STYLE_PAINT);
     SetMinSize(wxSize(-1, FromDIP(24)));
 
-    Bind(wxEVT_PAINT,     &GreenSlider::OnPaint, this);
+    Bind(wxEVT_PAINT,     &AccentSlider::OnPaint, this);
     Bind(wxEVT_SIZE, [this](wxSizeEvent& evt) {
         evt.Skip();
         Refresh();
     });
-    Bind(wxEVT_LEFT_DOWN, &GreenSlider::OnMouse, this);
-    Bind(wxEVT_LEFT_UP,   &GreenSlider::OnMouse, this);
-    Bind(wxEVT_MOTION,    &GreenSlider::OnMouse, this);
+    Bind(wxEVT_LEFT_DOWN, &AccentSlider::OnMouse, this);
+    Bind(wxEVT_LEFT_UP,   &AccentSlider::OnMouse, this);
+    Bind(wxEVT_MOTION,    &AccentSlider::OnMouse, this);
     Bind(wxEVT_MOUSE_CAPTURE_LOST, [this](wxMouseCaptureLostEvent&) { m_dragging = false; });
 }
 
-GreenSlider::~GreenSlider()
+AccentSlider::~AccentSlider()
 {
     // See MixedFilamentDialog::~MixedFilamentDialog: a widget destroyed while it
     // still holds the capture wedges mouse input for the whole application.
@@ -225,22 +239,22 @@ GreenSlider::~GreenSlider()
         ReleaseMouse();
 }
 
-int GreenSlider::GetValue() const { return m_value; }
+int AccentSlider::GetValue() const { return m_value; }
 
-void GreenSlider::SetValue(int val)
+void AccentSlider::SetValue(int val)
 {
     val = std::clamp(val, m_min, m_max);
     if (val != m_value) { m_value = val; Refresh(); }
 }
 
-bool GreenSlider::Enable(bool enable)
+bool AccentSlider::Enable(bool enable)
 {
     bool ok = wxPanel::Enable(enable);
     Refresh();
     return ok;
 }
 
-int GreenSlider::xFromValue() const
+int AccentSlider::xFromValue() const
 {
     wxSize sz = GetClientSize();
     int margin = FromDIP(6);
@@ -249,7 +263,7 @@ int GreenSlider::xFromValue() const
     return margin + (m_value - m_min) * track_w / (m_max - m_min);
 }
 
-int GreenSlider::valueFromX(int x) const
+int AccentSlider::valueFromX(int x) const
 {
     wxSize sz = GetClientSize();
     int margin = FromDIP(6);
@@ -259,7 +273,7 @@ int GreenSlider::valueFromX(int x) const
     return std::clamp(val, m_min, m_max);
 }
 
-void GreenSlider::OnPaint(wxPaintEvent&)
+void AccentSlider::OnPaint(wxPaintEvent&)
 {
     wxAutoBufferedPaintDC dc(this);
     wxSize sz = GetClientSize();
@@ -272,17 +286,15 @@ void GreenSlider::OnPaint(wxPaintEvent&)
     int ts = FromDIP(8);
     int pen_w = FromDIP(2);
 
-    wxColour greenClr = IsEnabled() ? wxColour(0, 174, 66)
-                                    : dark_or(wxColour(180, 180, 180), wxColour(90, 90, 96));
-    wxColour grayClr  = IsEnabled() ? dark_or(wxColour(200, 200, 200), wxColour(90, 90, 96))
-                                    : dark_or(wxColour(220, 220, 220), wxColour(70, 70, 76));
+    wxColour accent_clr = StateColor::darkModeColorFor(IsEnabled() ? wxColour("#009688") : wxColour("#ACACAC"));
+    wxColour track_clr  = StateColor::darkModeColorFor(IsEnabled() ? wxColour("#CECECE") : wxColour("#DFDFDF"));
 
     int tx = xFromValue();
 
-    dc.SetPen(wxPen(greenClr, pen_w));
+    dc.SetPen(wxPen(accent_clr, pen_w));
     dc.DrawLine(margin, track_y, tx, track_y);
 
-    dc.SetPen(wxPen(grayClr, pen_w));
+    dc.SetPen(wxPen(track_clr, pen_w));
     dc.DrawLine(tx, track_y, sz.x - margin, track_y);
 
     wxPoint tri[3] = {
@@ -290,12 +302,12 @@ void GreenSlider::OnPaint(wxPaintEvent&)
         {tx - ts / 2, track_y + FromDIP(1) + ts},
         {tx + ts / 2, track_y + FromDIP(1) + ts}
     };
-    dc.SetBrush(wxBrush(greenClr));
+    dc.SetBrush(wxBrush(accent_clr));
     dc.SetPen(*wxTRANSPARENT_PEN);
     dc.DrawPolygon(3, tri);
 }
 
-void GreenSlider::OnMouse(wxMouseEvent& evt)
+void AccentSlider::OnMouse(wxMouseEvent& evt)
 {
     if (!IsEnabled()) return;
 
@@ -516,7 +528,7 @@ public:
         , m_on_close(std::move(on_close))
         , m_display_numbers(std::move(display_numbers))
     {
-        wxColour pop_bg = dark_or(*wxWHITE, wxColour(0x2D, 0x2D, 0x31));
+        wxColour pop_bg = StateColor::darkModeColorFor(*wxWHITE);
         SetBackgroundColour(pop_bg);
 
         m_content = new wxScrolledWindow(this, wxID_ANY, wxDefaultPosition, wxDefaultSize, wxVSCROLL);
@@ -528,7 +540,7 @@ public:
         const int row_h   = FromDIP(32);
         const int pad     = FromDIP(8);
         const int max_visible_rows = 10;
-        const wxColour header_clr = dark_or(wxColour(0xAC, 0xAC, 0xAC), wxColour(0x81, 0x81, 0x83));
+        const wxColour header_clr = StateColor::darkModeColorFor(wxColour("#ACACAC"));
 
         auto add_section_header = [&](const wxString& label) {
             auto* hdr = new wxStaticText(m_content, wxID_ANY, label);
@@ -538,7 +550,7 @@ public:
             hdr->SetForegroundColour(header_clr);
             outer->Add(hdr, 0, wxLEFT | wxRIGHT | wxTOP, pad);
             auto* line = new StaticLine(m_content);
-            line->SetLineColour(texture_import_separator_colour());
+            line->SetLineColour(wxColour(SEPARATOR_COLOUR_KEY));
             outer->Add(line, 0, wxEXPAND | wxLEFT | wxRIGHT | wxTOP | wxBOTTOM, pad);
         };
 
@@ -577,8 +589,9 @@ public:
         add_label->SetFont(af);
         decompose_label->SetFont(af);
         const bool add_enabled = !m_can_add_filament || m_can_add_filament();
-        add_label->SetForegroundColour(add_enabled ? wxColour(0x00, 0xAE, 0x42) : header_clr);
-        decompose_label->SetForegroundColour(add_enabled ? wxColour(0x00, 0xAE, 0x42) : header_clr);
+        const wxColour action_clr = StateColor::darkModeColorFor(wxColour("#009688"));
+        add_label->SetForegroundColour(add_enabled ? action_clr : header_clr);
+        decompose_label->SetForegroundColour(add_enabled ? action_clr : header_clr);
         add_label->SetCursor(wxCursor(add_enabled ? wxCURSOR_HAND : wxCURSOR_ARROW));
         decompose_label->SetCursor(wxCursor(add_enabled ? wxCURSOR_HAND : wxCURSOR_ARROW));
         if (!add_enabled)
@@ -634,11 +647,11 @@ public:
 
         top_sizer->AddSpacer(FromDIP(4));
         auto* sep_line = new StaticLine(this);
-        sep_line->SetLineColour(texture_import_separator_colour());
+        sep_line->SetLineColour(wxColour(SEPARATOR_COLOUR_KEY));
         top_sizer->Add(sep_line, 0, wxEXPAND | wxLEFT | wxRIGHT, pad);
         top_sizer->Add(decompose_label, 0, wxALIGN_CENTER_HORIZONTAL | wxLEFT | wxRIGHT | wxTOP | wxBOTTOM, pad);
         auto* sep_line2 = new StaticLine(this);
-        sep_line2->SetLineColour(texture_import_separator_colour());
+        sep_line2->SetLineColour(wxColour(SEPARATOR_COLOUR_KEY));
         top_sizer->Add(sep_line2, 0, wxEXPAND | wxLEFT | wxRIGHT, pad);
         top_sizer->Add(add_label, 0, wxALIGN_CENTER_HORIZONTAL | wxLEFT | wxRIGHT | wxTOP | wxBOTTOM, pad);
         SetSizerAndFit(top_sizer);
@@ -676,8 +689,8 @@ private:
 
     wxPanel* create_item_row(size_t idx, int row_h)
     {
-        wxColour row_bg    = dark_or(*wxWHITE, wxColour(0x2D, 0x2D, 0x31));
-        wxColour hover_bg  = dark_or(wxColour(245, 245, 245), wxColour(0x3C, 0x3C, 0x42));
+        wxColour row_bg    = StateColor::darkModeColorFor(*wxWHITE);
+        wxColour hover_bg  = StateColor::darkModeColorFor(wxColour("#F4F4F4"));
         wxColour name_fg   = texture_import_text_colour();
 
         wxPanel* row = new wxPanel(m_content, wxID_ANY, wxDefaultPosition, wxSize(-1, row_h));
@@ -731,15 +744,14 @@ private:
                 dc.DrawText(ns, sq_x + (sq - tsz.x) / 2, sq_y + (sq - tsz.y) / 2);
             }
 
-            // Brand icon + material name
+            // Material name
             {
                 wxFont mf = p->GetFont();
                 mf.SetPointSize(10);
                 dc.SetFont(mf);
                 dc.SetTextForeground(name_fg);
-                wxString display = name_str;
-                int tx = draw_brand_icon_and_strip(dc, p, display, sq_x + sq + gap1, sz.y / 2);
-                display = ellipsize_text(dc, display, sz.x - tx - p->FromDIP(4));
+                int tx = sq_x + sq + gap1;
+                wxString display = ellipsize_text(dc, name_str, sz.x - tx - p->FromDIP(4));
                 wxSize tsz = dc.GetTextExtent(display);
                 if (!display.empty())
                     dc.DrawText(display, tx, (sz.y - tsz.y) / 2);
@@ -772,10 +784,9 @@ private:
 
     wxPanel* create_mixed_item_row(const TextureFilamentEntry& entry, int row_h)
     {
-        wxColour row_bg    = dark_or(*wxWHITE, wxColour(0x2D, 0x2D, 0x31));
-        wxColour hover_bg  = dark_or(wxColour(245, 245, 245), wxColour(0x3C, 0x3C, 0x42));
+        wxColour row_bg    = StateColor::darkModeColorFor(*wxWHITE);
+        wxColour hover_bg  = StateColor::darkModeColorFor(wxColour("#F4F4F4"));
         wxColour name_fg   = texture_import_text_colour();
-        wxColour plus_fg   = dark_or(wxColour(38, 46, 48), wxColour(0xE6, 0xE6, 0xE8));
         const int idx = entry.dialog_index;
 
         wxPanel* row = new wxPanel(m_content, wxID_ANY, wxDefaultPosition, wxSize(-1, row_h));
@@ -784,7 +795,7 @@ private:
         row->SetCursor(wxCursor(wxCURSOR_HAND));
         row->SetToolTip(entry.name.empty() ? wxString::Format("Filament %d", display_number(idx)) : filament_name_to_wx_string(entry.name));
 
-        row->Bind(wxEVT_PAINT, [this, entry, idx, row_bg, hover_bg, name_fg, plus_fg](wxPaintEvent& e) {
+        row->Bind(wxEVT_PAINT, [this, entry, idx, row_bg, hover_bg, name_fg](wxPaintEvent& e) {
             auto* p = static_cast<wxPanel*>(e.GetEventObject());
             wxAutoBufferedPaintDC dc(p);
             wxSize sz = p->GetClientSize();
@@ -803,7 +814,7 @@ private:
 
             for (size_t ci = 0; ci < entry.mixed_components.size() && ci < entry.mixed_ratios.size(); ++ci) {
                 if (ci > 0) {
-                    dc.SetTextForeground(plus_fg);
+                    dc.SetTextForeground(name_fg);
                     wxString plus = "+";
                     wxSize psz = dc.GetTextExtent(plus);
                     dc.DrawText(plus, x, (sz.y - psz.y) / 2);
@@ -907,7 +918,7 @@ public:
         , m_on_select(std::move(on_select))
         , m_on_close(std::move(on_close))
     {
-        wxColour pop_bg = dark_or(*wxWHITE, wxColour(0x2D, 0x2D, 0x31));
+        wxColour pop_bg = StateColor::darkModeColorFor(*wxWHITE);
         SetBackgroundColour(pop_bg);
 
         auto* content = new wxPanel(this, wxID_ANY);
@@ -939,10 +950,10 @@ private:
 
     wxPanel* create_item_row(wxWindow* parent, TextureAutoMixMode mode, int row_h)
     {
-        wxColour row_bg   = dark_or(*wxWHITE, wxColour(0x2D, 0x2D, 0x31));
-        wxColour hover_bg = dark_or(wxColour(245, 245, 245), wxColour(0x3C, 0x3C, 0x42));
+        wxColour row_bg   = StateColor::darkModeColorFor(*wxWHITE);
+        wxColour hover_bg = StateColor::darkModeColorFor(wxColour("#F4F4F4"));
         wxColour text_fg  = texture_import_text_colour();
-        wxColour green    = wxColour(0, 174, 66);
+        wxColour accent   = StateColor::darkModeColorFor(wxColour("#009688"));
 
         wxPanel* row = new wxPanel(parent, wxID_ANY, wxDefaultPosition, wxSize(-1, row_h),
                                    wxTAB_TRAVERSAL | wxFULL_REPAINT_ON_RESIZE);
@@ -951,7 +962,7 @@ private:
         row->SetCursor(wxCursor(wxCURSOR_HAND));
 
         const int row_idx = mode == TextureAutoMixMode::CMYW ? 0 : 1;
-        row->Bind(wxEVT_PAINT, [this, row_bg, hover_bg, text_fg, green, mode, row_idx](wxPaintEvent& e) {
+        row->Bind(wxEVT_PAINT, [this, row_bg, hover_bg, text_fg, accent, mode, row_idx](wxPaintEvent& e) {
             auto* p = static_cast<wxPanel*>(e.GetEventObject());
             wxAutoBufferedPaintDC dc(p);
             wxSize sz = p->GetClientSize();
@@ -975,7 +986,7 @@ private:
                 check_font.SetPointSize(12);
                 check_font.MakeBold();
                 dc.SetFont(check_font);
-                dc.SetTextForeground(green);
+                dc.SetTextForeground(accent);
                 wxString check = wxString::FromUTF8("✓");
                 wxSize csz = dc.GetTextExtent(check);
                 dc.DrawText(check, sz.x - p->FromDIP(16) - csz.x, (sz.y - csz.y) / 2);
@@ -1286,13 +1297,13 @@ void TexturePreviewCanvas::upload_reset_icon_textures()
         return;
 
     if (!m_reset_icon_tex)
-        m_reset_icon_tex = upload_reset_icon_texture("fit_camera");
+        m_reset_icon_tex = upload_reset_icon_texture("canvas_zoom");
     if (!m_reset_icon_hover_tex)
-        m_reset_icon_hover_tex = upload_reset_icon_texture("fit_camera_hover");
+        m_reset_icon_hover_tex = upload_reset_icon_texture("canvas_zoom_hover");
     if (!m_reset_icon_dark_tex)
-        m_reset_icon_dark_tex = upload_reset_icon_texture("fit_camera_dark");
+        m_reset_icon_dark_tex = upload_reset_icon_texture("canvas_zoom_dark");
     if (!m_reset_icon_dark_hover_tex)
-        m_reset_icon_dark_hover_tex = upload_reset_icon_texture("fit_camera_dark_hover");
+        m_reset_icon_dark_hover_tex = upload_reset_icon_texture("canvas_zoom_dark_hover");
 }
 
 bool TexturePreviewCanvas::handle_reset_overlay_mouse(wxMouseEvent& evt)
@@ -1475,10 +1486,9 @@ void TexturePreviewCanvas::render()
 
     wxSize viewport_sz = gl_viewport_size(this, sz);
     glViewport(0, 0, viewport_sz.x, viewport_sz.y);
-    if (is_dark())
-        glClearColor(0.24f, 0.24f, 0.27f, 1.0f);
-    else
-        glClearColor(0.933f, 0.933f, 0.933f, 1.0f);
+    // Same palette key as the preview container, so canvas and frame cannot drift apart.
+    const wxColour clear_clr = StateColor::darkModeColorFor(wxColour("#EEEEEE"));
+    glClearColor(clear_clr.Red() / 255.f, clear_clr.Green() / 255.f, clear_clr.Blue() / 255.f, 1.0f);
     glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);
 
     glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION);
@@ -1886,14 +1896,14 @@ int TextureImportDialog::ShowModal()
 
 void TextureImportDialog::build_ui()
 {
-    const wxColour dialog_bg = dark_or(*wxWHITE, wxColour(0x2D, 0x2D, 0x31));
+    const wxColour dialog_bg = StateColor::darkModeColorFor(*wxWHITE);
     SetBackgroundColour(dialog_bg);
-    SetForegroundColour(dark_or(wxColour(50, 58, 61), wxColour(0xEF, 0xEF, 0xF0)));
+    SetForegroundColour(StateColor::darkModeColorFor(wxColour("#323A3D")));
 
     wxBoxSizer* root_sizer = new wxBoxSizer(wxVERTICAL);
 
     auto line_top = new wxPanel(this, wxID_ANY, wxDefaultPosition, wxSize(-1, 1));
-    line_top->SetBackgroundColour(dark_or(wxColour(166, 169, 170), wxColour(80, 80, 86)));
+    line_top->SetBackgroundColour(texture_import_separator_colour());
     root_sizer->Add(line_top, 0, wxEXPAND);
 
     wxBoxSizer* main_sizer = new wxBoxSizer(wxHORIZONTAL);
@@ -1936,8 +1946,8 @@ void TextureImportDialog::build_ui()
 
 void TextureImportDialog::build_preview_panel(wxWindow* parent, wxSizer* sizer)
 {
-    wxColour preview_bg = dark_or(wxColour(238, 238, 238), wxColour(0x3E, 0x3E, 0x45));
-    wxColour preview_bd = dark_or(wxColour(206, 206, 206), wxColour(0x54, 0x54, 0x5B));
+    wxColour preview_bg = StateColor::darkModeColorFor(wxColour("#EEEEEE"));
+    wxColour preview_bd = texture_import_separator_colour();
 
     wxPanel* preview_container = new wxPanel(parent, wxID_ANY, wxDefaultPosition, wxDefaultSize, wxBORDER_NONE);
     preview_container->SetBackgroundColour(preview_bg);
@@ -2044,7 +2054,7 @@ void TextureImportDialog::build_preview_panel(wxWindow* parent, wxSizer* sizer)
 
 void TextureImportDialog::build_params_panel(wxWindow* parent, wxSizer* sizer)
 {
-    wxColour label_fg = dark_or(wxColour(50, 58, 61), wxColour(0xEF, 0xEF, 0xF0));
+    wxColour label_fg = StateColor::darkModeColorFor(wxColour("#323A3D"));
 
     wxBoxSizer* color_header_sizer = new wxBoxSizer(wxHORIZONTAL);
     wxStaticText* lbl_colors = new wxStaticText(parent, wxID_ANY, _L("Color Count"));
@@ -2063,18 +2073,18 @@ void TextureImportDialog::build_params_panel(wxWindow* parent, wxSizer* sizer)
 
     {
         StateColor preset_bg(
-            std::pair<wxColour, int>(wxColour(27, 136, 68), StateColor::Pressed | StateColor::Checked),
-            std::pair<wxColour, int>(wxColour(61, 203, 115), StateColor::Hovered | StateColor::Checked),
-            std::pair<wxColour, int>(wxColour(0, 174, 66), StateColor::Checked),
-            std::pair<wxColour, int>(dark_or(wxColour(206, 206, 206), wxColour(0x54, 0x54, 0x5B)), StateColor::Pressed),
-            std::pair<wxColour, int>(dark_or(wxColour(238, 238, 238), wxColour(0x4C, 0x4C, 0x55)), StateColor::Hovered),
-            std::pair<wxColour, int>(dark_or(wxColour(255, 255, 255), wxColour(0x2D, 0x2D, 0x31)), StateColor::Normal));
+            std::pair<wxColour, int>(wxColour(0, 137, 123), StateColor::Pressed | StateColor::Checked),
+            std::pair<wxColour, int>(wxColour(38, 166, 154), StateColor::Hovered | StateColor::Checked),
+            std::pair<wxColour, int>(wxColour(0, 150, 136), StateColor::Checked),
+            std::pair<wxColour, int>(wxColour("#CECECE"), StateColor::Pressed),
+            std::pair<wxColour, int>(wxColour("#EEEEEE"), StateColor::Hovered),
+            std::pair<wxColour, int>(*wxWHITE, StateColor::Normal));
         StateColor preset_bd(
-            std::pair<wxColour, int>(wxColour(0, 174, 66), StateColor::Checked),
-            std::pair<wxColour, int>(dark_or(wxColour(206, 206, 206), wxColour(0x54, 0x54, 0x5B)), StateColor::Normal));
+            std::pair<wxColour, int>(wxColour(0, 150, 136), StateColor::Checked),
+            std::pair<wxColour, int>(wxColour("#CECECE"), StateColor::Normal));
         StateColor preset_text(
-            std::pair<wxColour, int>(wxColour(255, 255, 255), StateColor::Checked),
-            std::pair<wxColour, int>(dark_or(wxColour(50, 58, 61), wxColour(0xEF, 0xEF, 0xF0)), StateColor::Normal));
+            std::pair<wxColour, int>(wxColour("#FFFFFE"), StateColor::Checked),
+            std::pair<wxColour, int>(wxColour("#323A3D"), StateColor::Normal));
 
         for (auto* btn : {m_btn_color_4, m_btn_color_8, m_btn_color_16}) {
             btn->SetCornerRadius(FromDIP(12));
@@ -2093,7 +2103,7 @@ void TextureImportDialog::build_params_panel(wxWindow* parent, wxSizer* sizer)
     sizer->Add(color_header_sizer, 0, wxBOTTOM, FromDIP(4));
 
     wxBoxSizer* color_slider_sizer = new wxBoxSizer(wxHORIZONTAL);
-    m_color_slider = new GreenSlider(parent, m_param_color_count, 1, (int)max_filament_count());
+    m_color_slider = new AccentSlider(parent, m_param_color_count, 1, (int)max_filament_count());
     m_color_spin = new SpinInput(parent, wxString::Format("%d", m_param_color_count),
                                  wxEmptyString, wxDefaultPosition,
                                  wxSize(FromDIP(60), FromDIP(28)),
@@ -2113,7 +2123,7 @@ void TextureImportDialog::build_params_panel(wxWindow* parent, wxSizer* sizer)
     sizer->Add(lbl_smooth, 0, wxBOTTOM, FromDIP(4));
 
     wxBoxSizer* smooth_sizer = new wxBoxSizer(wxHORIZONTAL);
-    m_smooth_slider = new GreenSlider(parent, m_param_smooth, 0, 10);
+    m_smooth_slider = new AccentSlider(parent, m_param_smooth, 0, 10);
     m_smooth_spin = new SpinInput(parent, wxString::Format("%d", m_param_smooth),
                                   wxEmptyString, wxDefaultPosition,
                                   wxSize(FromDIP(60), FromDIP(28)),
@@ -2132,25 +2142,23 @@ void TextureImportDialog::build_params_panel(wxWindow* parent, wxSizer* sizer)
 
     {
         StateColor btn_bg_white(
-            std::pair<wxColour, int>(dark_or(wxColour(206, 206, 206), wxColour(0x54, 0x54, 0x5B)), StateColor::Pressed),
-            std::pair<wxColour, int>(dark_or(wxColour(238, 238, 238), wxColour(0x4C, 0x4C, 0x55)), StateColor::Hovered),
-            std::pair<wxColour, int>(dark_or(wxColour(255, 255, 255), wxColour(0x2D, 0x2D, 0x31)), StateColor::Normal));
-        StateColor btn_bd_green(
-            std::pair<wxColour, int>(wxColour(0, 174, 66), StateColor::Normal));
-        StateColor btn_text_green(
-            std::pair<wxColour, int>(wxColour(0, 174, 66), StateColor::Normal));
+            std::pair<wxColour, int>(wxColour("#CECECE"), StateColor::Pressed),
+            std::pair<wxColour, int>(wxColour("#EEEEEE"), StateColor::Hovered),
+            std::pair<wxColour, int>(*wxWHITE, StateColor::Normal));
+        const wxColour btn_bd_accent = wxColour(0, 150, 136);
+        const wxColour btn_text_accent = wxColour(0, 150, 136);
 
         m_btn_color_auto->SetCornerRadius(FromDIP(12));
         m_btn_color_auto->SetMinSize(wxSize(FromDIP(60), FromDIP(28)));
         m_btn_color_auto->SetBackgroundColor(btn_bg_white);
-        m_btn_color_auto->SetBorderColor(btn_bd_green);
-        m_btn_color_auto->SetTextColor(btn_text_green);
+        m_btn_color_auto->SetBorderColor(btn_bd_accent);
+        m_btn_color_auto->SetTextColor(btn_text_accent);
 
         m_btn_apply->SetCornerRadius(FromDIP(12));
         m_btn_apply->SetMinSize(wxSize(FromDIP(60), FromDIP(28)));
         m_btn_apply->SetBackgroundColor(btn_bg_white);
-        m_btn_apply->SetBorderColor(btn_bd_green);
-        m_btn_apply->SetTextColor(btn_text_green);
+        m_btn_apply->SetBorderColor(btn_bd_accent);
+        m_btn_apply->SetTextColor(btn_text_accent);
     }
 
     // Defer attaching the Auto/Apply tooltips until the dialog has actually
@@ -2179,19 +2187,19 @@ void TextureImportDialog::build_params_panel(wxWindow* parent, wxSizer* sizer)
 
     m_hint_label = new wxStaticText(parent, wxID_ANY,
         _L("Reminder: parameters changed, click Apply to take effect"));
-    m_hint_label->SetForegroundColour(wxColour(0xFF, 0x6F, 0x00));
+    m_hint_label->SetForegroundColour(StateColor::darkModeColorFor(wxColour("#FF6F00")));
     m_hint_label->SetFont(texture_import_section_title_font(parent));
     m_hint_label->Hide();
     sizer->Add(m_hint_label, 0, wxBOTTOM, FromDIP(4));
 
     auto* mapping_separator = new StaticLine(parent);
-    mapping_separator->SetLineColour(texture_import_separator_colour());
+    mapping_separator->SetLineColour(wxColour(SEPARATOR_COLOUR_KEY));
     sizer->Add(mapping_separator, 0, wxEXPAND | wxBOTTOM, FromDIP(8));
 }
 
 void TextureImportDialog::build_mapping_panel(wxWindow* parent, wxSizer* sizer)
 {
-    wxColour secondary_fg = dark_or(wxColour(107, 107, 107), wxColour(0x81, 0x81, 0x83));
+    wxColour secondary_fg = StateColor::darkModeColorFor(wxColour("#6B6B6B"));
 
     wxBoxSizer* header_sizer = new wxBoxSizer(wxHORIZONTAL);
 
@@ -2206,9 +2214,9 @@ void TextureImportDialog::build_mapping_panel(wxWindow* parent, wxSizer* sizer)
     m_btn_mix_reset->SetPaddingSize(wxSize(FromDIP(2), FromDIP(2)));
     {
         StateColor reset_bg(
-            std::pair<wxColour, int>(dark_or(wxColour(245, 245, 245), wxColour(0x3C, 0x3C, 0x42)), StateColor::Pressed),
-            std::pair<wxColour, int>(dark_or(wxColour(248, 248, 248), wxColour(0x35, 0x35, 0x3A)), StateColor::Hovered),
-            std::pair<wxColour, int>(dark_or(*wxWHITE, wxColour(0x2D, 0x2D, 0x31)), StateColor::Normal));
+            std::pair<wxColour, int>(wxColour("#F4F4F4"), StateColor::Pressed),
+            std::pair<wxColour, int>(wxColour("#F8F8F8"), StateColor::Hovered),
+            std::pair<wxColour, int>(*wxWHITE, StateColor::Normal));
         m_btn_mix_reset->SetBackgroundColor(reset_bg);
         m_btn_mix_reset->SetBorderColor(StateColor());
     }
@@ -2232,13 +2240,11 @@ void TextureImportDialog::build_mapping_panel(wxWindow* parent, wxSizer* sizer)
     m_btn_auto_mix->SetMinSize(wxSize(FromDIP(178), FromDIP(28)));
     {
         StateColor btn_bg(
-            std::pair<wxColour, int>(dark_or(wxColour(245, 245, 245), wxColour(0x3C, 0x3C, 0x42)), StateColor::Pressed),
-            std::pair<wxColour, int>(dark_or(wxColour(248, 248, 248), wxColour(0x35, 0x35, 0x3A)), StateColor::Hovered),
-            std::pair<wxColour, int>(dark_or(*wxWHITE, wxColour(0x2D, 0x2D, 0x31)), StateColor::Normal));
-        StateColor btn_bd(
-            std::pair<wxColour, int>(dark_or(wxColour(206, 206, 206), wxColour(0x54, 0x54, 0x5B)), StateColor::Normal));
-        StateColor btn_text(
-            std::pair<wxColour, int>(texture_import_text_colour(), StateColor::Normal));
+            std::pair<wxColour, int>(wxColour("#F4F4F4"), StateColor::Pressed),
+            std::pair<wxColour, int>(wxColour("#F8F8F8"), StateColor::Hovered),
+            std::pair<wxColour, int>(*wxWHITE, StateColor::Normal));
+        const wxColour btn_bd = wxColour("#CECECE");
+        const wxColour btn_text = texture_import_gray9000();
         m_btn_auto_mix->SetBackgroundColor(btn_bg);
         m_btn_auto_mix->SetBorderColor(btn_bd);
         m_btn_auto_mix->SetTextColor(btn_text);
@@ -2269,7 +2275,7 @@ void TextureImportDialog::build_mapping_panel(wxWindow* parent, wxSizer* sizer)
     m_mapping_scroll = new wxScrolledWindow(parent, wxID_ANY, wxDefaultPosition,
                                              wxSize(-1, FromDIP(300)));
     m_mapping_scroll->SetScrollRate(0, FromDIP(10));
-    m_mapping_scroll->SetBackgroundColour(dark_or(wxColour(255, 255, 255), wxColour(0x2D, 0x2D, 0x31)));
+    m_mapping_scroll->SetBackgroundColour(StateColor::darkModeColorFor(*wxWHITE));
     m_mapping_scroll->Bind(wxEVT_MOUSEWHEEL, &TextureImportDialog::dismiss_filament_popup_on_wheel, this);
 
     m_mapping_sizer = new wxBoxSizer(wxVERTICAL);
@@ -2284,7 +2290,7 @@ void TextureImportDialog::build_bottom_buttons(wxSizer* sizer)
         wxString::Format(
             _L("The project supports up to %d filaments. Extra filaments will be discarded."),
             (int)max_filament_count()));
-    m_drop_warning_label->SetForegroundColour(wxColour(0xFF, 0x6F, 0x00));
+    m_drop_warning_label->SetForegroundColour(StateColor::darkModeColorFor(wxColour("#FF6F00")));
     m_drop_warning_label->SetFont(texture_import_section_title_font(this));
     m_drop_warning_label->Hide();
     sizer->Add(m_drop_warning_label, 0, wxALIGN_LEFT | wxBOTTOM, FromDIP(4));
@@ -2297,13 +2303,11 @@ void TextureImportDialog::build_bottom_buttons(wxSizer* sizer)
     m_btn_skip->SetMinSize(wxSize(FromDIP(136), FromDIP(40)));
     {
         StateColor skip_bg(
-            std::pair<wxColour, int>(dark_or(wxColour(206, 206, 206), wxColour(0x54, 0x54, 0x5B)), StateColor::Pressed),
-            std::pair<wxColour, int>(dark_or(wxColour(238, 238, 238), wxColour(0x4C, 0x4C, 0x55)), StateColor::Hovered),
-            std::pair<wxColour, int>(dark_or(wxColour(255, 255, 255), wxColour(0x2D, 0x2D, 0x31)), StateColor::Normal));
-        StateColor skip_bd(
-            std::pair<wxColour, int>(dark_or(wxColour(206, 206, 206), wxColour(0x54, 0x54, 0x5B)), StateColor::Normal));
-        StateColor skip_text(
-            std::pair<wxColour, int>(dark_or(wxColour(107, 107, 107), wxColour(0xB3, 0xB3, 0xB5)), StateColor::Normal));
+            std::pair<wxColour, int>(wxColour("#CECECE"), StateColor::Pressed),
+            std::pair<wxColour, int>(wxColour("#EEEEEE"), StateColor::Hovered),
+            std::pair<wxColour, int>(*wxWHITE, StateColor::Normal));
+        const wxColour skip_bd = wxColour("#CECECE");
+        const wxColour skip_text = wxColour("#6B6B6A");
         m_btn_skip->SetBackgroundColor(skip_bg);
         m_btn_skip->SetBorderColor(skip_bd);
         m_btn_skip->SetTextColor(skip_text);
@@ -2313,19 +2317,7 @@ void TextureImportDialog::build_bottom_buttons(wxSizer* sizer)
     m_btn_ok->SetId(wxID_OK);
     m_btn_ok->SetCornerRadius(FromDIP(20));
     m_btn_ok->SetMinSize(wxSize(FromDIP(156), FromDIP(40)));
-    {
-        StateColor ok_bg(
-            std::pair<wxColour, int>(wxColour(27, 136, 68), StateColor::Pressed),
-            std::pair<wxColour, int>(wxColour(61, 203, 115), StateColor::Hovered),
-            std::pair<wxColour, int>(wxColour(0, 174, 66), StateColor::Normal));
-        StateColor ok_bd(
-            std::pair<wxColour, int>(wxColour(0, 174, 66), StateColor::Normal));
-        StateColor ok_text(
-            std::pair<wxColour, int>(wxColour("#FFFFFE"), StateColor::Normal));
-        m_btn_ok->SetBackgroundColor(ok_bg);
-        m_btn_ok->SetBorderColor(ok_bd);
-        m_btn_ok->SetTextColor(ok_text);
-    }
+    apply_accent_button_colours(m_btn_ok);
 
     btn_sizer->AddStretchSpacer();
     btn_sizer->Add(m_btn_skip, 0, wxRIGHT, FromDIP(16));
@@ -2372,36 +2364,10 @@ void TextureImportDialog::update_ui_for_state()
 
     m_preview_canvas->set_computing_overlay(computing);
 
-    if (ready && valid && is_params_dirty()) {
-        m_btn_ok->Enable(true);
-        StateColor gray_bg(
-            std::pair<wxColour, int>(dark_or(wxColour(206, 206, 206), wxColour(0x54, 0x54, 0x5B)), StateColor::Normal));
-        StateColor gray_bd(
-            std::pair<wxColour, int>(dark_or(wxColour(206, 206, 206), wxColour(0x54, 0x54, 0x5B)), StateColor::Normal));
-        StateColor gray_text(
-            std::pair<wxColour, int>(dark_or(wxColour(107, 107, 107), wxColour(0xB3, 0xB3, 0xB5)), StateColor::Normal));
-        m_btn_ok->SetBackgroundColor(gray_bg);
-        m_btn_ok->SetBorderColor(gray_bd);
-        m_btn_ok->SetTextColor(gray_text);
-        m_btn_ok->SetToolTip(_L("Reminder: parameters changed, click Apply to take effect"));
-        if (m_hint_label) m_hint_label->Show();
-    } else if (ready && valid) {
-        StateColor ok_bg(
-            std::pair<wxColour, int>(wxColour(27, 136, 68), StateColor::Pressed),
-            std::pair<wxColour, int>(wxColour(61, 203, 115), StateColor::Hovered),
-            std::pair<wxColour, int>(wxColour(0, 174, 66), StateColor::Normal));
-        StateColor ok_bd(
-            std::pair<wxColour, int>(wxColour(0, 174, 66), StateColor::Normal));
-        StateColor ok_text(
-            std::pair<wxColour, int>(wxColour("#FFFFFE"), StateColor::Normal));
-        m_btn_ok->SetBackgroundColor(ok_bg);
-        m_btn_ok->SetBorderColor(ok_bd);
-        m_btn_ok->SetTextColor(ok_text);
-        m_btn_ok->UnsetToolTip();
-        if (m_hint_label) m_hint_label->Hide();
-    } else {
-        if (m_hint_label) m_hint_label->Hide();
-    }
+    if (ready && valid)
+        style_confirm_button(is_params_dirty());
+    else if (m_hint_label)
+        m_hint_label->Hide();
 
     m_btn_ok->Refresh();
     Layout();
@@ -2687,33 +2653,16 @@ void TextureImportDialog::on_mesh_repair_decision_required(wxCommandEvent&)
         _L("Mesh repair"), wxYES_NO | wxICON_WARNING | wxYES_DEFAULT);
     dlg.SetButtonLabel(wxID_YES, _L("Import without repair"));
     dlg.SetButtonLabel(wxID_NO, _L("Repair and import"), true);
-    StateColor primary_bg(
-        std::pair<wxColour, int>(wxColour(27, 136, 68), StateColor::Pressed),
-        std::pair<wxColour, int>(wxColour(61, 203, 115), StateColor::Hovered),
-        std::pair<wxColour, int>(wxColour(0, 174, 66), StateColor::Normal));
-    StateColor primary_bd(
-        std::pair<wxColour, int>(wxColour(0, 174, 66), StateColor::Normal));
-    StateColor primary_text(
-        std::pair<wxColour, int>(wxColour("#FFFFFE"), StateColor::Normal));
-    StateColor secondary_bg(
-        std::pair<wxColour, int>(wxColour("#CECECE"), StateColor::Pressed),
-        std::pair<wxColour, int>(wxColour("#EEEEEE"), StateColor::Hovered),
-        std::pair<wxColour, int>(*wxWHITE, StateColor::Normal));
-    StateColor secondary_bd(
-        std::pair<wxColour, int>(texture_import_gray9000(), StateColor::Normal));
-    StateColor secondary_text(
-        std::pair<wxColour, int>(texture_import_gray9000(), StateColor::Normal));
+    // "Repair and import" is the recommended action here, so the accent moves off the default YES
+    // button onto NO. MsgDialog::add_button already styled both as ButtonType::Choice, so restyling
+    // with the same type swaps only the palette and leaves the geometry alone.
     if (auto* yes_btn = dynamic_cast<Button*>(dlg.FindWindow(wxID_YES))) {
+        yes_btn->SetStyle(ButtonStyle::Regular, ButtonType::Choice);
         yes_btn->SetMinSize(wxSize(FromDIP(180), FromDIP(24)));
-        yes_btn->SetBackgroundColor(secondary_bg);
-        yes_btn->SetBorderColor(secondary_bd);
-        yes_btn->SetTextColor(secondary_text);
     }
     if (auto* no_btn = dynamic_cast<Button*>(dlg.FindWindow(wxID_NO))) {
+        no_btn->SetStyle(ButtonStyle::Confirm, ButtonType::Choice);
         no_btn->SetMinSize(wxSize(FromDIP(160), FromDIP(24)));
-        no_btn->SetBackgroundColor(primary_bg);
-        no_btn->SetBorderColor(primary_bd);
-        no_btn->SetTextColor(primary_text);
     }
     dlg.Layout();
     dlg.Fit();
@@ -3780,12 +3729,12 @@ void TextureImportDialog::rebuild_mapping_rows()
         return wxString::Format("Filament %d", display_number(idx));
     };
 
-    const wxColour dash_clr   = dark_or(wxColour(179, 179, 179), wxColour(100, 100, 106));
+    const wxColour dash_clr   = StateColor::darkModeColorFor(wxColour("#ACACAC"));
     const wxColour hex_fg     = texture_import_text_colour();
-    const wxColour card_bg    = dark_or(wxColour(235, 235, 235), wxColour(0x3C, 0x3C, 0x42));
-    const wxColour card_bd    = dark_or(wxColour(224, 224, 224), wxColour(0x46, 0x46, 0x4C));
+    const wxColour card_bg    = StateColor::darkModeColorFor(wxColour("#E8E8E8"));
+    const wxColour card_bd    = StateColor::darkModeColorFor(wxColour("#DBDBDB"));
     const wxColour name_fg    = texture_import_text_colour();
-    const wxColour chev_clr   = dark_or(wxColour(107, 107, 107), wxColour(0xB3, 0xB3, 0xB5));
+    const wxColour chev_clr   = StateColor::darkModeColorFor(wxColour("#6B6B6A"));
 
     m_mapping_rows.resize(m_current_matches.size());
     for (size_t ci = 0; ci < m_current_matches.size(); ++ci) {
@@ -4003,14 +3952,14 @@ void TextureImportDialog::rebuild_mapping_rows()
                 dc.DrawText(num_str, sq_x + (sq - nsz.x) / 2, sq_y + (sq - nsz.y) / 2);
             }
 
-            // Brand icon + material name
+            // Material name
             {
                 wxFont name_font = p->GetFont();
                 name_font.SetPointSize(9);
                 dc.SetFont(name_font);
                 dc.SetTextForeground(name_fg);
                 wxString name_str = get_filament_label(fil_idx);
-                int text_x = draw_brand_icon_and_strip(dc, p, name_str, sq_x + sq + p->FromDIP(8), sz.y / 2);
+                int text_x = sq_x + sq + p->FromDIP(8);
                 int max_text_w = sz.x - text_x - p->FromDIP(24);
                 if (max_text_w > 0) {
                     name_str = ellipsize_text(dc, name_str, max_text_w);
@@ -4097,7 +4046,7 @@ void TextureImportDialog::set_smooth_value(int value, bool update_spin)
     update_confirm_button_state();
 }
 
-void TextureImportDialog::preview_spin_text_value(SpinInput* spin, GreenSlider* slider, int& param,
+void TextureImportDialog::preview_spin_text_value(SpinInput* spin, AccentSlider* slider, int& param,
                                                   int min_value, int max_value, const wxString& text,
                                                   std::function<void()> on_value_changed)
 {
@@ -4204,30 +4153,22 @@ void TextureImportDialog::highlight_view_button(int view_index)
 {
     Button* btns[] = { m_btn_view_original, m_btn_view_multicolor };
 
-    StateColor active_bg(
-        std::pair<wxColour, int>(wxColour(27, 136, 68), StateColor::Pressed),
-        std::pair<wxColour, int>(wxColour(61, 203, 115), StateColor::Hovered),
-        std::pair<wxColour, int>(wxColour(0, 174, 66), StateColor::Normal));
-    StateColor active_bd(
-        std::pair<wxColour, int>(wxColour(0, 174, 66), StateColor::Normal));
-    StateColor active_text(
-        std::pair<wxColour, int>(wxColour(255, 255, 255), StateColor::Normal));
-
+    // The inactive pill lies on m_tab_panel, which is preview_bg (#EEEEEE -> #4C4C55), and has to
+    // read as raised above that strip in both themes — so its fill steps away from the strip in
+    // opposite directions. gDarkColors pairs one light tone with one dark tone and cannot express
+    // an inversion, so the two are picked here the way filament_swatch_border_colour() does.
+    const bool dark_pill = is_dark();
     StateColor inactive_bg(
-        std::pair<wxColour, int>(dark_or(wxColour(245, 245, 245), wxColour(0x5C, 0x5C, 0x64)), StateColor::Pressed),
-        std::pair<wxColour, int>(dark_or(wxColour(255, 255, 255), wxColour(0x66, 0x66, 0x6E)), StateColor::Hovered),
-        std::pair<wxColour, int>(dark_or(wxColour(255, 255, 255), wxColour(0x54, 0x54, 0x5B)), StateColor::Normal));
-    StateColor inactive_bd(
-        std::pair<wxColour, int>(dark_or(wxColour(255, 255, 255), wxColour(0x54, 0x54, 0x5B)), StateColor::Normal));
-    StateColor inactive_text(
-        std::pair<wxColour, int>(dark_or(wxColour(104, 104, 104), wxColour(0xD0, 0xD0, 0xD2)), StateColor::Normal));
+        std::pair<wxColour, int>(dark_pill ? wxColour(0x5C, 0x5C, 0x64) : wxColour("#F4F4F4"), StateColor::Pressed),
+        std::pair<wxColour, int>(dark_pill ? wxColour(0x66, 0x66, 0x6E) : wxColour("#F8F8F8"), StateColor::Hovered),
+        std::pair<wxColour, int>(dark_pill ? wxColour(0x54, 0x54, 0x5B) : *wxWHITE,            StateColor::Normal));
+    const wxColour inactive_bd = dark_pill ? wxColour(0x54, 0x54, 0x5B) : *wxWHITE;
+    const wxColour inactive_text = wxColour("#6B6B6A");
 
     for (int i = 0; i < 2; ++i) {
         if (!btns[i]) continue;
         if (i == view_index) {
-            btns[i]->SetBackgroundColor(active_bg);
-            btns[i]->SetBorderColor(active_bd);
-            btns[i]->SetTextColor(active_text);
+            apply_accent_button_colours(btns[i]);
         } else {
             btns[i]->SetBackgroundColor(inactive_bg);
             btns[i]->SetBorderColor(inactive_bd);
@@ -4298,42 +4239,28 @@ void TextureImportDialog::update_confirm_button_state()
         return;
     }
 
-    bool dirty = is_params_dirty();
-
     m_btn_ok->Enable(true);
-
-    if (dirty) {
-        StateColor gray_bg(
-            std::pair<wxColour, int>(dark_or(wxColour(206, 206, 206), wxColour(0x54, 0x54, 0x5B)), StateColor::Normal));
-        StateColor gray_bd(
-            std::pair<wxColour, int>(dark_or(wxColour(206, 206, 206), wxColour(0x54, 0x54, 0x5B)), StateColor::Normal));
-        StateColor gray_text(
-            std::pair<wxColour, int>(dark_or(wxColour(107, 107, 107), wxColour(0xB3, 0xB3, 0xB5)), StateColor::Normal));
-        m_btn_ok->SetBackgroundColor(gray_bg);
-        m_btn_ok->SetBorderColor(gray_bd);
-        m_btn_ok->SetTextColor(gray_text);
-        m_btn_ok->SetToolTip(_L("Reminder: parameters changed, click Apply to take effect"));
-        if (m_hint_label) m_hint_label->Show();
-    } else {
-        StateColor ok_bg(
-            std::pair<wxColour, int>(wxColour(27, 136, 68), StateColor::Pressed),
-            std::pair<wxColour, int>(wxColour(61, 203, 115), StateColor::Hovered),
-            std::pair<wxColour, int>(wxColour(0, 174, 66), StateColor::Normal));
-        StateColor ok_bd(
-            std::pair<wxColour, int>(wxColour(0, 174, 66), StateColor::Normal));
-        StateColor ok_text(
-            std::pair<wxColour, int>(wxColour(255, 255, 255), StateColor::Normal));
-        m_btn_ok->SetBackgroundColor(ok_bg);
-        m_btn_ok->SetBorderColor(ok_bd);
-        m_btn_ok->SetTextColor(ok_text);
-        m_btn_ok->UnsetToolTip();
-        if (m_hint_label) m_hint_label->Hide();
-    }
+    style_confirm_button(is_params_dirty());
 
     m_btn_ok->Refresh();
     Layout();
 }
 
+// Both state updaters land here: the Confirm button reads as accent only while it would apply
+// exactly what the preview shows.
+void TextureImportDialog::style_confirm_button(bool dirty)
+{
+    if (dirty) {
+        apply_muted_button_colours(m_btn_ok);
+        m_btn_ok->SetToolTip(_L("Reminder: parameters changed, click Apply to take effect"));
+    } else {
+        apply_accent_button_colours(m_btn_ok);
+        m_btn_ok->UnsetToolTip();
+    }
+    if (m_hint_label)
+        m_hint_label->Show(dirty);
+}
+
 void TextureImportDialog::on_ok_clicked(wxCommandEvent&)
 {
     if (m_state != TextureImportState::Ready || !has_valid_result() || is_params_dirty())
diff --git a/src/slic3r/GUI/TextureImportDialog.hpp b/src/slic3r/GUI/TextureImportDialog.hpp
index 3d7ba43c31..960bac6145 100644
--- a/src/slic3r/GUI/TextureImportDialog.hpp
+++ b/src/slic3r/GUI/TextureImportDialog.hpp
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@
 #include <vector>
 #include <string>
 
-class GreenSlider;
+class AccentSlider;
 
 namespace Slic3r { namespace GUI {
 
@@ -299,7 +299,7 @@ private:
 
     void set_color_count_value(int value, bool update_spin);
     void set_smooth_value(int value, bool update_spin);
-    void preview_spin_text_value(SpinInput* spin, GreenSlider* slider, int& param,
+    void preview_spin_text_value(SpinInput* spin, AccentSlider* slider, int& param,
                                  int min_value, int max_value, const wxString& text,
                                  std::function<void()> on_value_changed = {});
     void update_color_count_preset_buttons();
@@ -307,6 +307,7 @@ private:
     bool has_valid_result() const;
     bool is_params_dirty() const;
     void update_confirm_button_state();
+    void style_confirm_button(bool dirty);
 
     Slic3r::TexturedMesh               m_textured_mesh;
     std::vector<std::string>           m_filament_color_strs;   // existing + virtual
@@ -351,15 +352,15 @@ private:
     Slic3r::TexturePaintingSettings::MeshRepairDecision m_mesh_repair_decision =
         Slic3r::TexturePaintingSettings::MeshRepairDecision::Ask;
 
-    Button*      m_btn_color_4    = nullptr;
-    Button*      m_btn_color_8    = nullptr;
-    Button*      m_btn_color_16   = nullptr;
-    Button*      m_btn_color_auto = nullptr;
-    GreenSlider* m_color_slider   = nullptr;
-    SpinInput*   m_color_spin     = nullptr;
-    GreenSlider* m_smooth_slider  = nullptr;
-    SpinInput*   m_smooth_spin    = nullptr;
-    Button*      m_btn_apply      = nullptr;
+    Button*       m_btn_color_4    = nullptr;
+    Button*       m_btn_color_8    = nullptr;
+    Button*       m_btn_color_16   = nullptr;
+    Button*       m_btn_color_auto = nullptr;
+    AccentSlider* m_color_slider   = nullptr;
+    SpinInput*    m_color_spin     = nullptr;
+    AccentSlider* m_smooth_slider  = nullptr;
+    SpinInput*    m_smooth_spin    = nullptr;
+    Button*       m_btn_apply      = nullptr;
 
     wxCheckBox*           m_auto_merge_cb = nullptr;
     Button*               m_btn_auto_mix  = nullptr;
diff --git a/src/slic3r/GUI/Widgets/DropDown.cpp b/src/slic3r/GUI/Widgets/DropDown.cpp
index aae8bccf9e..cd4d5edff8 100644
--- a/src/slic3r/GUI/Widgets/DropDown.cpp
+++ b/src/slic3r/GUI/Widgets/DropDown.cpp
@@ -360,8 +360,6 @@ void DropDown::render(wxDC &dc)
     for (int i = 0; i < items.size(); ++i) {
         auto &item = items[i];
         int states2 = states;
-        // Dimmed items render greyed out but stay selectable, so they cannot reuse the disabled state.
-        bool is_dimmed = (item.style & DD_ITEM_STYLE_DIMMED) != 0;
         if ((item.style & DD_ITEM_STYLE_DISABLED) != 0)
             states2 &= ~StateColor::Enabled;
         // Skip by group
@@ -429,7 +427,10 @@ void DropDown::render(wxDC &dc)
             }
             pt.y += (rcContent.height - textSize.y) / 2;
             dc.SetFont(GetFont());
-            dc.SetTextForeground(is_dimmed ? wxColour(0xCE, 0xCE, 0xCE) : text_color.colorForStates(states2));
+            // Dimmed items stay selectable, so they only borrow the disabled text tone rather
+            // than taking the disabled state itself.
+            const int text_states = (item.style & DD_ITEM_STYLE_DIMMED) ? (states2 & ~StateColor::Enabled) : states2;
+            dc.SetTextForeground(text_color.colorForStates(text_states));
             dc.DrawText(text, pt);
             if (group.IsEmpty() && !item.group_key.IsEmpty()) {
                 auto szBmp = arrow_bitmap.GetBmpSize();

From ce75a66e7cc0288fb4347b1f619e039a19f625fb Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: yw4z <ywsyildiz@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 24 Aug 2026 21:38:51 +0300
Subject: [PATCH 38/51] fix duplicate decompose menu item

---
 src/slic3r/GUI/GUI_Factories.cpp | 4 +++-
 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/src/slic3r/GUI/GUI_Factories.cpp b/src/slic3r/GUI/GUI_Factories.cpp
index 9ee74d742f..f83b13a5b5 100644
--- a/src/slic3r/GUI/GUI_Factories.cpp
+++ b/src/slic3r/GUI/GUI_Factories.cpp
@@ -1685,7 +1685,9 @@ void MenuFactory::create_filament_action_menu(bool init, int active_filament_men
         [filaments_cnt]() { return filaments_cnt > 1; }, m_parent);
 
     // Decompose a target colour into a printable mix of the loaded filaments. Placed before the
-    // Delete entry below so Orca's "delete last" ordering is preserved (BBS appends it after).
+    const int decompose_id = menu->FindItem(_L("Decompose Color"));
+    if (decompose_id != wxNOT_FOUND)
+        menu->Destroy(decompose_id);
     append_menu_item(
         menu, wxID_ANY, _L("Decompose Color"), "", [](wxCommandEvent&) {
             plater()->sidebar().decompose_filament_color(kSidebarContextMenuFilamentId); }, "", nullptr,

From a3231aa723ebcf2a6d94025c17b2d0aa4d77ecb9 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: yw4z <ywsyildiz@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 24 Aug 2026 22:02:47 +0300
Subject: [PATCH 39/51] rebuild menus from scratch to remove duplicate item
 check and match "delete" item order

---
 src/slic3r/GUI/GUI_Factories.cpp | 21 ++++++++-------------
 src/slic3r/GUI/Plater.cpp        | 13 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 16 insertions(+), 18 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/slic3r/GUI/GUI_Factories.cpp b/src/slic3r/GUI/GUI_Factories.cpp
index f83b13a5b5..be407a270f 100644
--- a/src/slic3r/GUI/GUI_Factories.cpp
+++ b/src/slic3r/GUI/GUI_Factories.cpp
@@ -1656,16 +1656,16 @@ void MenuFactory::create_filament_action_menu(bool init, int active_filament_men
 {
     wxMenu *menu = &m_filament_action_menu;
 
-    if (init) {
+    // ORCA rebuild menu everytime instead checking existing of every item then deleting
+    while (menu->GetMenuItemCount() > 0)
+        menu->Destroy(menu->FindItemByPosition(0));
+
+    //if (init) { // 
         append_menu_item(
             menu, wxID_ANY, _L("Edit"), "", [](wxCommandEvent&) {
                 plater()->sidebar().edit_filament(); }, "", nullptr,
             []() { return true; }, m_parent);
-    }
-
-    const int item_id = menu->FindItem(_L("Merge with"));
-    if (item_id != wxNOT_FOUND)
-        menu->Destroy(item_id);
+    //}
 
     wxMenu* sub_menu = new wxMenu();
     std::vector<wxBitmap*> icons = get_extruder_color_icons(true);
@@ -1685,19 +1685,14 @@ void MenuFactory::create_filament_action_menu(bool init, int active_filament_men
         [filaments_cnt]() { return filaments_cnt > 1; }, m_parent);
 
     // Decompose a target colour into a printable mix of the loaded filaments. Placed before the
-    const int decompose_id = menu->FindItem(_L("Decompose Color"));
-    if (decompose_id != wxNOT_FOUND)
-        menu->Destroy(decompose_id);
     append_menu_item(
         menu, wxID_ANY, _L("Decompose Color"), "", [](wxCommandEvent&) {
             plater()->sidebar().decompose_filament_color(kSidebarContextMenuFilamentId); }, "", nullptr,
         []() { return plater()->sidebar().combos_filament().size() >= 2; }, m_parent);
 
-    // ORCA use delete item on end of menu to prevent accidental clicks. clicking to submenus(merge) already not allowed by OS
-    const int delete_id = menu->FindItem(_L("Delete"));
-    if (delete_id != wxNOT_FOUND)
-        menu->Destroy(delete_id);
+    menu->AppendSeparator(); // ORCA use seperator for reducing accidental clicks to delete
 
+    // ORCA use delete item on end of menu to prevent accidental clicks. clicking to submenus(merge) already not allowed by OS
     append_menu_item(
         menu, wxID_ANY, _L("Delete"), _L("Delete this filament"), [](wxCommandEvent&) {
             plater()->sidebar().delete_filament(-2); }, "", nullptr,
diff --git a/src/slic3r/GUI/Plater.cpp b/src/slic3r/GUI/Plater.cpp
index 0772b3ae11..e30853f94a 100644
--- a/src/slic3r/GUI/Plater.cpp
+++ b/src/slic3r/GUI/Plater.cpp
@@ -4308,11 +4308,6 @@ void Sidebar::update_mixed_filament_list()
                     edit_mixed_filament(panel_idx);
                 }, edit_item->GetId());
 
-                auto* del_item = menu.Append(wxID_ANY, _L("Delete"));
-                menu.Bind(wxEVT_MENU, [this, panel_idx](wxCommandEvent&) {
-                    delete_mixed_filament_at(panel_idx);
-                }, del_item->GetId());
-
                 wxMenu* sub_menu = new wxMenu();
                 std::vector<wxBitmap*> icons = get_extruder_color_icons(true);
                 int filaments_cnt = icons.size();
@@ -4345,6 +4340,14 @@ void Sidebar::update_mixed_filament_list()
                 else
                     delete sub_menu;
 
+                menu.AppendSeparator(); // ORCA use seperator for reducing accidental clicks to delete
+
+                // ORCA use delete item on end of menu to prevent accidental clicks. clicking to submenus(merge) already not allowed by OS
+                auto* del_item = menu.Append(wxID_ANY, _L("Delete"));
+                menu.Bind(wxEVT_MENU, [this, panel_idx](wxCommandEvent&) {
+                    delete_mixed_filament_at(panel_idx);
+                }, del_item->GetId());
+
                 PopupMenu(&menu);
             });
             combo_and_btn_sizer->Add(menu_btn, 0, wxALIGN_CENTER_VERTICAL | wxLEFT, FromDIP(4));

From fbe4cdff2306a0e6fb92f64823f33b10dad730c7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: yw4z <ywsyildiz@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 24 Aug 2026 23:07:11 +0300
Subject: [PATCH 40/51] fix mixed filaments area cannot be hidden

---
 src/slic3r/GUI/Plater.cpp | 39 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++-------------
 1 file changed, 26 insertions(+), 13 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/slic3r/GUI/Plater.cpp b/src/slic3r/GUI/Plater.cpp
index e30853f94a..b3a873a0bc 100644
--- a/src/slic3r/GUI/Plater.cpp
+++ b/src/slic3r/GUI/Plater.cpp
@@ -737,6 +737,9 @@ struct Sidebar::priv
     ScalableButton *  m_bpButton_ams_filament;
     ScalableButton *  m_bpButton_set_filament;
     int m_menu_filament_id = -1;
+
+    wxPanel* m_filament_area_wrapper;
+
     wxScrolledWindow* m_panel_filament_content;
 
     // Mixed-color filament section. Sits directly under the physical filament list in
@@ -2896,7 +2899,7 @@ Sidebar::Sidebar(Plater *parent)
     p->m_panel_filament_title->SetBackgroundColor(title_bg);
     p->m_panel_filament_title->SetBackgroundColor2(0xF1F1F1);
     p->m_panel_filament_title->Bind(wxEVT_LEFT_UP, [this](wxMouseEvent &e) {
-        if (!p || !p->m_panel_filament_content || !m_scrolled_sizer || !p->m_bpButton_set_filament || !p->m_purge_mode_btn || !p->m_flushing_volume_btn || !p->m_bpButton_add_filament || !ams_btn)
+        if (!p || !p->m_filament_area_wrapper || !m_scrolled_sizer || !p->m_bpButton_set_filament || !p->m_purge_mode_btn || !p->m_flushing_volume_btn || !p->m_bpButton_add_filament || !ams_btn)
             return;
         // ORCA exclude area of del button from titlebar collapse/expand feature to fix undesired collapse when user spams del filament button
         // also block fold/unfold feature when user clicks to spacing between icons
@@ -2907,8 +2910,8 @@ Sidebar::Sidebar(Plater *parent)
         else if (ams_btn->IsShown())                    exclude_pt = ams_btn->GetPosition().x;
         if (e.GetPosition().x > exclude_pt)
             return;
-        bool isShown = p->m_panel_filament_content->IsShown();
-        p->m_panel_filament_content->Show(!isShown);
+        bool isShown = p->m_filament_area_wrapper->IsShown();
+        p->m_filament_area_wrapper->Show(!isShown);
         p->m_panel_filament_separator->Show(isShown);
         m_scrolled_sizer->Layout();
 
@@ -3022,8 +3025,13 @@ Sidebar::Sidebar(Plater *parent)
     bSizer39->Add(set_btn, 0, wxALIGN_CENTER | wxLEFT, FromDIP(SidebarProps::WideSpacing()));
     bSizer39->AddSpacer(FromDIP(SidebarProps::TitlebarMargin()));
 
+    // ---- Wrapper panel for collapse/expand of all filament content ----
+    p->m_filament_area_wrapper = new wxPanel(p->scrolled, wxID_ANY);
+    p->m_filament_area_wrapper->SetBackgroundColour(*wxWHITE);
+    auto* wrapper_sizer = new wxBoxSizer(wxVERTICAL);
+
     // add filament content
-    p->m_panel_filament_content = new wxScrolledWindow( p->scrolled, wxID_ANY, wxDefaultPosition, wxDefaultSize, wxTAB_TRAVERSAL );
+    p->m_panel_filament_content = new wxScrolledWindow(p->m_filament_area_wrapper, wxID_ANY, wxDefaultPosition, wxDefaultSize, wxTAB_TRAVERSAL );
     p->m_panel_filament_content->SetScrollbars(0, 100, 1, 2);
     p->m_panel_filament_content->SetScrollRate(0, 5);
     //p->m_panel_filament_content->SetMaxSize(wxSize{-1, FromDIP(174)});
@@ -3051,7 +3059,7 @@ Sidebar::Sidebar(Plater *parent)
     
     update_filaments_area_height(); // ORCA
 
-    scrolled_sizer->Add(p->m_panel_filament_content, 0, wxEXPAND | wxTOP | wxBOTTOM, FromDIP(SidebarProps::ContentMarginV())); // ORCA use vertical margin on parent otherwise it shows scrollbar even on 1 filament
+    wrapper_sizer->Add(p->m_panel_filament_content, 0, wxEXPAND);
 
     // ---- Mixed-color filament section ----
     // A mixed filament is a virtual slot realized from 2-3 physical filaments at slicing time.
@@ -3059,7 +3067,7 @@ Sidebar::Sidebar(Plater *parent)
     // filament setup looks exactly as before.
     {
     // 1) "+ Add Mixed Filament" button, shown only while no mixed filament exists yet.
-    p->m_btn_add_mixed_filament = new wxPanel(p->scrolled, wxID_ANY);
+    p->m_btn_add_mixed_filament = new wxPanel(p->m_filament_area_wrapper, wxID_ANY);
     p->m_btn_add_mixed_filament->SetBackgroundColour(StateColor::darkModeColorFor(wxColour("#F8F8F8")));
     p->m_btn_add_mixed_filament->SetMinSize(wxSize(-1, FromDIP(23)));
     {
@@ -3081,10 +3089,10 @@ Sidebar::Sidebar(Plater *parent)
         add_label->Bind(wxEVT_LEFT_UP, on_click);
         icon_add->Bind(wxEVT_BUTTON, [this](wxCommandEvent&) { add_mixed_filament(); });
     }
-    scrolled_sizer->Add(p->m_btn_add_mixed_filament, 0, wxEXPAND | wxLEFT | wxRIGHT | wxTOP | wxBOTTOM, FromDIP(8));
+    wrapper_sizer->Add(p->m_btn_add_mixed_filament, 0, wxEXPAND | wxLEFT | wxRIGHT | wxTOP | wxBOTTOM, FromDIP(8));
 
     // 2) Title row with add / remove buttons, shown once a mixed filament exists.
-    p->m_panel_mixed_title = new wxPanel(p->scrolled, wxID_ANY);
+    p->m_panel_mixed_title = new wxPanel(p->m_filament_area_wrapper, wxID_ANY);
     p->m_panel_mixed_title->SetBackgroundColour(StateColor::darkModeColorFor(*wxWHITE));
     {
         auto* title_sizer = new wxBoxSizer(wxHORIZONTAL);
@@ -3112,11 +3120,11 @@ Sidebar::Sidebar(Plater *parent)
 
         p->m_panel_mixed_title->SetSizer(title_sizer);
     }
-    scrolled_sizer->Add(p->m_panel_mixed_title, 0, wxEXPAND | wxTOP | wxBOTTOM, FromDIP(8));
+    wrapper_sizer->Add(p->m_panel_mixed_title, 0, wxEXPAND | wxTOP | wxBOTTOM, FromDIP(8));
 
     // 3) Mixed filament rows, in their own scroll area so a long mixed list does not
     //    push the physical filament list off screen.
-    p->m_mixed_scroll_area = new wxScrolledWindow(p->scrolled, wxID_ANY, wxDefaultPosition, wxDefaultSize, wxTAB_TRAVERSAL);
+    p->m_mixed_scroll_area = new wxScrolledWindow(p->m_filament_area_wrapper, wxID_ANY, wxDefaultPosition, wxDefaultSize, wxTAB_TRAVERSAL);
     p->m_mixed_scroll_area->SetScrollbars(0, 100, 1, 2);
     p->m_mixed_scroll_area->SetScrollRate(0, 5);
     p->m_mixed_scroll_area->SetBackgroundColour(StateColor::darkModeColorFor(*wxWHITE));
@@ -3144,10 +3152,10 @@ Sidebar::Sidebar(Plater *parent)
             p->m_mixed_scroll_area->SetVirtualSize(w, p->m_mixed_scroll_area->GetVirtualSize().GetHeight());
         e.Skip();
     });
-    scrolled_sizer->Add(p->m_mixed_scroll_area, 0, wxEXPAND, 0);
+    wrapper_sizer->Add(p->m_mixed_scroll_area, 0, wxEXPAND, 0);
 
     // 4) Warning bar for mixes whose components were deleted or whose types disagree.
-    p->m_panel_mixed_warning = new wxPanel(p->scrolled, wxID_ANY);
+    p->m_panel_mixed_warning = new wxPanel(p->m_filament_area_wrapper, wxID_ANY);
     p->m_panel_mixed_warning->SetBackgroundColour(StateColor::darkModeColorFor(*wxWHITE));
     {
         auto* warn_sizer = new wxBoxSizer(wxHORIZONTAL);
@@ -3159,7 +3167,7 @@ Sidebar::Sidebar(Plater *parent)
         warn_sizer->Add(p->m_text_mixed_warning, 1, wxALL, FromDIP(6));
         p->m_panel_mixed_warning->SetSizer(warn_sizer);
     }
-    scrolled_sizer->Add(p->m_panel_mixed_warning, 0, wxEXPAND | wxLEFT | wxRIGHT, FromDIP(8));
+    wrapper_sizer->Add(p->m_panel_mixed_warning, 0, wxEXPAND | wxLEFT | wxRIGHT, FromDIP(8));
 
     // Hidden until update_mixed_filament_list() decides otherwise.
     p->m_btn_add_mixed_filament->Hide();
@@ -3169,6 +3177,11 @@ Sidebar::Sidebar(Plater *parent)
     p->m_panel_mixed_warning->Hide();
     }
     // ---- End mixed-color filament section ----
+
+    p->m_filament_area_wrapper->SetSizer(wrapper_sizer);
+    p->m_filament_area_wrapper->Layout();
+    scrolled_sizer->Add(p->m_filament_area_wrapper, 0, wxEXPAND | wxTOP | wxBOTTOM, FromDIP(SidebarProps::ContentMarginV())); // ORCA use vertical margin on parent otherwise it shows scrollbar even on 1 filament
+    // ---- End filament area ----
     }
 
     {

From 2f9ef86e97659babbde991a3c73fead4c17559be Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: yw4z <ywsyildiz@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 25 Aug 2026 00:04:14 +0300
Subject: [PATCH 41/51] match style of dialog buttons

---
 src/slic3r/GUI/ColorDecomposeDialog.cpp | 17 ++---------------
 src/slic3r/GUI/MixedFilamentDialog.cpp  | 15 ++-------------
 2 files changed, 4 insertions(+), 28 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/slic3r/GUI/ColorDecomposeDialog.cpp b/src/slic3r/GUI/ColorDecomposeDialog.cpp
index ad4594f948..2176de110e 100644
--- a/src/slic3r/GUI/ColorDecomposeDialog.cpp
+++ b/src/slic3r/GUI/ColorDecomposeDialog.cpp
@@ -553,24 +553,11 @@ wxBoxSizer* ColorDecomposeDialog::create_button_panel()
     sizer->AddStretchSpacer();
 
     m_btn_cancel = new Button(this, _L("Cancel"));
-    m_btn_cancel->SetBackgroundColor(*wxWHITE);
-    m_btn_cancel->SetBorderColor(wxColour("#CECECE"));
-    m_btn_cancel->SetTextColor(COLOR_TEXT_DARK);
-    m_btn_cancel->SetMinSize(wxSize(FromDIP(55), FromDIP(24)));
+    m_btn_cancel->SetStyle(ButtonStyle::Regular, ButtonType::Choice);
     m_btn_cancel->Bind(wxEVT_BUTTON, [this](wxCommandEvent&) { EndModal(wxID_CANCEL); });
 
     m_btn_ok = new Button(this, _L("OK"));
-    m_btn_ok->SetBackgroundColor(StateColor(
-        std::make_pair(wxColour("#CECECE"), (int) StateColor::Disabled),
-        std::make_pair(wxColour(0, 137, 123), (int) StateColor::Pressed),
-        std::make_pair(COLOR_BRAND, (int) StateColor::Normal)));
-    m_btn_ok->SetBorderColor(StateColor(
-        std::make_pair(wxColour("#CECECE"), (int) StateColor::Disabled),
-        std::make_pair(COLOR_BRAND, (int) StateColor::Normal)));
-    // Off-by-one white: plain #FFFFFF is a dark-mode key and would repaint the
-    // label as the window background on the accent fill.
-    m_btn_ok->SetTextColor(wxColour("#FFFFFE"));
-    m_btn_ok->SetMinSize(wxSize(FromDIP(55), FromDIP(24)));
+    m_btn_ok->SetStyle(ButtonStyle::Confirm, ButtonType::Choice);
     m_btn_ok->Bind(wxEVT_BUTTON, [this](wxCommandEvent&) {
         EndModal(wxID_OK);
     });
diff --git a/src/slic3r/GUI/MixedFilamentDialog.cpp b/src/slic3r/GUI/MixedFilamentDialog.cpp
index 10144a5003..902c12d27b 100644
--- a/src/slic3r/GUI/MixedFilamentDialog.cpp
+++ b/src/slic3r/GUI/MixedFilamentDialog.cpp
@@ -1369,22 +1369,11 @@ wxBoxSizer* MixedFilamentDialog::create_button_panel()
     auto* sizer = new wxBoxSizer(wxHORIZONTAL);
 
     m_btn_cancel = new Button(this, _L("Cancel"));
-    m_btn_cancel->SetBackgroundColor(*wxWHITE);
-    m_btn_cancel->SetBorderColor(wxColour("#CECECE"));
-    m_btn_cancel->SetTextColor(wxColour("#262E30"));
-    m_btn_cancel->SetMinSize(wxSize(FromDIP(55), FromDIP(24)));
+    m_btn_cancel->SetStyle(ButtonStyle::Regular, ButtonType::Choice);
     m_btn_cancel->Bind(wxEVT_BUTTON, [this](wxCommandEvent&) { EndModal(wxID_CANCEL); });
 
     m_btn_ok = new Button(this, _L("OK"));
-    m_btn_ok->SetBackgroundColor(StateColor(
-        std::make_pair(wxColour("#CECECE"), (int) StateColor::Disabled),
-        std::make_pair(wxColour(0, 137, 123), (int) StateColor::Pressed),
-        std::make_pair(wxColour("#009688"), (int) StateColor::Normal)));
-    m_btn_ok->SetBorderColor(StateColor(
-        std::make_pair(wxColour("#CECECE"), (int) StateColor::Disabled),
-        std::make_pair(wxColour("#009688"), (int) StateColor::Normal)));
-    m_btn_ok->SetTextColor(wxColour("#FFFFFE"));
-    m_btn_ok->SetMinSize(wxSize(FromDIP(55), FromDIP(24)));
+    m_btn_ok->SetStyle(ButtonStyle::Confirm, ButtonType::Choice);
     m_btn_ok->Bind(wxEVT_BUTTON, [this](wxCommandEvent&) { EndModal(wxID_OK); });
 
     sizer->Add(m_btn_cancel, 0, wxRIGHT, FromDIP(12));

From 56f9edc572dc2d3df35b1e913bf7a9a19225fb53 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Kris Austin <kris.austin@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 25 Aug 2026 06:18:48 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 42/51] build: mark missing overrides and drop unused lambda
 captures (1,156 clang warnings) (#15334)

* chore: mark every declaration that overrides a base virtual

clang-cl reports 42 member functions across 28 files that override a
base virtual without being marked `override`, inside classes that
already mark their other overrides. That is every occurrence of
-Winconsistent-missing-override in the tree, so the category drops to
zero and -Werror=inconsistent-missing-override becomes available as a
guard against it coming back.

Behaviour is unchanged. Each keyword goes only where clang had already
resolved the declaration to a base virtual, so it records what the
compiler already worked out and cannot affect overload resolution or
dispatch. If any of these signatures had not really overridden a base
method, the build would have failed rather than warned.

Where a declaration already carried `virtual` it is left alone and the
keyword appended, matching the surrounding declarations. Plain
`override` is used rather than the wxWidgets `wxOVERRIDE` macro, which
wx/defs.h defines as `override` beneath a comment marking it obsolete,
and which the rest of src/slic3r already avoids by 1742 occurrences to
113.

A full clang-cl build takes -Winconsistent-missing-override from 1,146
warning lines to 0. Those 42 declarations produce that many lines
because a header is re-diagnosed in every translation unit that
includes it. CalibrationWizardStartPage.hpp alone accounts for 336 of
them from 4 declarations.

* chore: drop unused lambda captures in GUI/Widgets

clang-cl reports 10 lambda captures in src/slic3r/GUI/Widgets that are
never read. Removing them changes nothing at runtime.

Every capture removed is `this` or a raw pointer. clang does not report
a capture whose type has a non-trivial destructor, since such a capture
can be held purely for its effect on an object's lifetime, so nothing
that owns or extends a lifetime is touched. The std::weak_ptr captured
beside the removed `this` in MultiNozzleSync.cpp stays.

This clears the category in GUI/Widgets only. A full clang-cl build
takes -Wunused-lambda-capture from 312 warning lines to 302, leaving
235 sites in other directories for a follow-up.
---
 src/libslic3r/Print.hpp                       |  4 ++--
 src/slic3r/GUI/CalibrationWizardSavePage.hpp  |  2 +-
 src/slic3r/GUI/CalibrationWizardStartPage.hpp |  8 ++++----
 src/slic3r/GUI/Field.hpp                      |  4 ++--
 src/slic3r/GUI/Gizmos/GLGizmoBrimEars.hpp     |  2 +-
 src/slic3r/GUI/Gizmos/GLGizmoMeshBoolean.hpp  |  2 +-
 src/slic3r/GUI/Gizmos/GLGizmoMove.hpp         |  2 +-
 src/slic3r/GUI/Gizmos/GLGizmoScale.hpp        |  2 +-
 src/slic3r/GUI/Preferences.cpp                |  2 +-
 src/slic3r/GUI/PrintHostDialogs.hpp           |  4 ++--
 src/slic3r/GUI/SelectMachine.hpp              |  2 +-
 src/slic3r/GUI/SendToPrinter.hpp              |  2 +-
 src/slic3r/GUI/SyncAmsInfoDialog.hpp          |  2 +-
 src/slic3r/GUI/Tab.hpp                        |  4 ++--
 src/slic3r/GUI/TabButton.hpp                  |  2 +-
 src/slic3r/GUI/Tabbook.hpp                    |  2 +-
 src/slic3r/GUI/UnsavedChangesDialog.hpp       |  2 +-
 src/slic3r/GUI/Widgets/MultiNozzleSync.cpp    | 14 +++++++-------
 src/slic3r/GUI/Widgets/MultiNozzleSync.hpp    |  2 +-
 src/slic3r/GUI/Widgets/ProgressBar.hpp        |  2 +-
 src/slic3r/GUI/Widgets/ProgressDialog.hpp     |  2 +-
 src/slic3r/GUI/Widgets/SideButton.hpp         |  4 ++--
 src/slic3r/GUI/Widgets/SpinInput.cpp          |  2 +-
 src/slic3r/GUI/Widgets/TabCtrl.hpp            |  2 +-
 src/slic3r/GUI/Widgets/TempInput.cpp          |  2 +-
 src/slic3r/GUI/Widgets/TempInput.hpp          |  4 ++--
 src/slic3r/GUI/Widgets/TextInput.cpp          |  2 +-
 src/slic3r/GUI/Widgets/TextInput.hpp          |  4 ++--
 src/slic3r/GUI/Widgets/WebView.cpp            |  2 +-
 src/slic3r/Utils/CrealityPrint.hpp            |  4 ++--
 src/slic3r/Utils/ElegooLink.hpp               |  6 +++---
 src/slic3r/Utils/Obico.hpp                    |  4 ++--
 32 files changed, 52 insertions(+), 52 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/libslic3r/Print.hpp b/src/libslic3r/Print.hpp
index b38a0ca058..4744426510 100644
--- a/src/libslic3r/Print.hpp
+++ b/src/libslic3r/Print.hpp
@@ -930,8 +930,8 @@ public:
     // If preview_data is not null, the preview_data is filled in for the G-code visualization (not used by the command line Slic3r).
     std::string         export_gcode(const std::string& path_template, GCodeProcessorResult* result, ThumbnailsGeneratorCallback thumbnail_cb = nullptr);
     //return 0 means successful
-    int                 export_cached_data(const std::string& dir_path, bool with_space=false);
-    int                 load_cached_data(const std::string& directory);
+    int                 export_cached_data(const std::string& dir_path, bool with_space=false) override;
+    int                 load_cached_data(const std::string& directory) override;
 
     // methods for handling state
     bool                is_step_done(PrintStep step) const { return Inherited::is_step_done(step); }
diff --git a/src/slic3r/GUI/CalibrationWizardSavePage.hpp b/src/slic3r/GUI/CalibrationWizardSavePage.hpp
index 4726cb1230..eb15720e96 100644
--- a/src/slic3r/GUI/CalibrationWizardSavePage.hpp
+++ b/src/slic3r/GUI/CalibrationWizardSavePage.hpp
@@ -193,7 +193,7 @@ public:
 
     void show_panels(CalibrationMethod method, const PrinterSeries printer_ser);
 
-    void on_device_connected(MachineObject* obj);
+    void on_device_connected(MachineObject* obj) override;
 
     void update(MachineObject* obj) override;
 
diff --git a/src/slic3r/GUI/CalibrationWizardStartPage.hpp b/src/slic3r/GUI/CalibrationWizardStartPage.hpp
index 0e893bce10..026ce187ac 100644
--- a/src/slic3r/GUI/CalibrationWizardStartPage.hpp
+++ b/src/slic3r/GUI/CalibrationWizardStartPage.hpp
@@ -48,8 +48,8 @@ public:
 
     void create_page(wxWindow* parent);
 
-    void on_reset_page();
-    void on_device_connected(MachineObject* obj);
+    void on_reset_page() override;
+    void on_device_connected(MachineObject* obj) override;
     void msw_rescale() override;
 };
 
@@ -63,8 +63,8 @@ public:
         long style = wxTAB_TRAVERSAL);
 
     void create_page(wxWindow* parent);
-    void on_reset_page();
-    void on_device_connected(MachineObject* obj);
+    void on_reset_page() override;
+    void on_device_connected(MachineObject* obj) override;
     void msw_rescale() override;
 };
 
diff --git a/src/slic3r/GUI/Field.hpp b/src/slic3r/GUI/Field.hpp
index e57a569561..5d5d549427 100644
--- a/src/slic3r/GUI/Field.hpp
+++ b/src/slic3r/GUI/Field.hpp
@@ -385,7 +385,7 @@ public:
 	wxWindow*		window{ nullptr };
 	void			BUILD() override;
     /// Propagate value from field to the OptionGroupe and Config after kill_focus/ENTER
-    void	        propagate_value() ;
+    void	        propagate_value() override;
 
     void			set_value(const std::string& value, bool change_event = false) {
 		m_disable_change_event = !change_event;
@@ -440,7 +440,7 @@ public:
 	wxWindow*		window{ nullptr };
 	void			BUILD() override;
 	// Propagate value from field to the OptionGroupe and Config after kill_focus/ENTER
-	void			propagate_value();
+	void			propagate_value() override;
 
     /* Under OSX: wxBitmapComboBox->GetWindowStyle() returns some weard value, 
      * so let use a flag, which has TRUE value for a control without wxCB_READONLY style
diff --git a/src/slic3r/GUI/Gizmos/GLGizmoBrimEars.hpp b/src/slic3r/GUI/Gizmos/GLGizmoBrimEars.hpp
index 4e531e6acc..cd3bc53cbd 100644
--- a/src/slic3r/GUI/Gizmos/GLGizmoBrimEars.hpp
+++ b/src/slic3r/GUI/Gizmos/GLGizmoBrimEars.hpp
@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ public:
     void update_model_object();
     //ClippingPlane get_sla_clipping_plane() const;
 
-    bool is_selection_rectangle_dragging() const { return m_selection_rectangle.is_dragging(); }
+    bool is_selection_rectangle_dragging() const override { return m_selection_rectangle.is_dragging(); }
 
     bool wants_enter_leave_snapshots() const override { return true; }
     std::string get_gizmo_entering_text() const override { return _u8L("Entering Brim Ears"); }
diff --git a/src/slic3r/GUI/Gizmos/GLGizmoMeshBoolean.hpp b/src/slic3r/GUI/Gizmos/GLGizmoMeshBoolean.hpp
index 9c36be5cd9..3ba613295d 100644
--- a/src/slic3r/GUI/Gizmos/GLGizmoMeshBoolean.hpp
+++ b/src/slic3r/GUI/Gizmos/GLGizmoMeshBoolean.hpp
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ protected:
     virtual void on_render() override;
     virtual void on_set_state() override;
     virtual CommonGizmosDataID on_get_requirements() const override;
-    virtual void on_render_input_window(float x, float y, float bottom_limit);
+    virtual void on_render_input_window(float x, float y, float bottom_limit) override;
 
     void on_load(cereal::BinaryInputArchive &ar) override;
     void on_save(cereal::BinaryOutputArchive &ar) const override;
diff --git a/src/slic3r/GUI/Gizmos/GLGizmoMove.hpp b/src/slic3r/GUI/Gizmos/GLGizmoMove.hpp
index df3abdddc7..fecc8abf1c 100644
--- a/src/slic3r/GUI/Gizmos/GLGizmoMove.hpp
+++ b/src/slic3r/GUI/Gizmos/GLGizmoMove.hpp
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ protected:
     void on_register_raycasters_for_picking() override;
     void on_unregister_raycasters_for_picking() override;
     //BBS: GUI refactor: add object manipulation
-    virtual void on_render_input_window(float x, float y, float bottom_limit);
+    virtual void on_render_input_window(float x, float y, float bottom_limit) override;
 
 private:
     double calc_projection(const UpdateData& data) const;
diff --git a/src/slic3r/GUI/Gizmos/GLGizmoScale.hpp b/src/slic3r/GUI/Gizmos/GLGizmoScale.hpp
index 6b46a596ba..3bfb63ff7a 100644
--- a/src/slic3r/GUI/Gizmos/GLGizmoScale.hpp
+++ b/src/slic3r/GUI/Gizmos/GLGizmoScale.hpp
@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ protected:
     virtual void on_register_raycasters_for_picking() override;
     virtual void on_unregister_raycasters_for_picking() override;
     //BBS: GUI refactor: add object manipulation
-    virtual void on_render_input_window(float x, float y, float bottom_limit);
+    virtual void on_render_input_window(float x, float y, float bottom_limit) override;
 
 private:
     void render_grabbers_connection(unsigned int id_1, unsigned int id_2, const ColorRGBA& color);
diff --git a/src/slic3r/GUI/Preferences.cpp b/src/slic3r/GUI/Preferences.cpp
index ca115b9773..8f3ac17f7c 100644
--- a/src/slic3r/GUI/Preferences.cpp
+++ b/src/slic3r/GUI/Preferences.cpp
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ public:
         Bind(wxEVT_LEFT_DOWN,    &WikiLabel::OnLeftDown, this);
     }
 
-    void SetLabel(const wxString& label)
+    void SetLabel(const wxString& label) override
     {
         m_label = label;
         m_last_wrap_width = -1; // force re-wrap
diff --git a/src/slic3r/GUI/PrintHostDialogs.hpp b/src/slic3r/GUI/PrintHostDialogs.hpp
index 988d4c8171..6f55c0d953 100644
--- a/src/slic3r/GUI/PrintHostDialogs.hpp
+++ b/src/slic3r/GUI/PrintHostDialogs.hpp
@@ -163,7 +163,7 @@ public:
     BedType      bedType() const { return m_BedType; }
 
     virtual void                               init() override;
-    virtual std::map<std::string, std::string> extendedInfo() const
+    virtual std::map<std::string, std::string> extendedInfo() const override
     {
         return {{"bedType", std::to_string(static_cast<int>(m_BedType))},
                 {"timeLapse", std::to_string(m_timeLapse)},
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@ public:
                                 PrintHost*                     printhost);
 
     virtual void                               init() override;
-    virtual std::map<std::string, std::string> extendedInfo() const;
+    virtual std::map<std::string, std::string> extendedInfo() const override;
 
 private:
     static constexpr const char* CONFIG_KEY_ENABLESELFTEST = "crealityprint_enable_self_test";
diff --git a/src/slic3r/GUI/SelectMachine.hpp b/src/slic3r/GUI/SelectMachine.hpp
index fd326f7c85..46d6adf4f4 100644
--- a/src/slic3r/GUI/SelectMachine.hpp
+++ b/src/slic3r/GUI/SelectMachine.hpp
@@ -522,7 +522,7 @@ public:
     bool is_timeout();
     int  update_print_required_data(Slic3r::DynamicPrintConfig config, Slic3r::Model model, Slic3r::PlateDataPtrs plate_data_list, std::string file_name, std::string file_path);
     void set_print_type(PrintFromType type) {m_print_type = type;};
-    bool Show(bool show);
+    bool Show(bool show) override;
     void show_init();
     bool do_ams_mapping(MachineObject *obj_,bool use_ams);
     bool get_ams_mapping_result(std::string& mapping_array_str, std::string& mapping_array_str2, std::string& ams_mapping_info) const;
diff --git a/src/slic3r/GUI/SendToPrinter.hpp b/src/slic3r/GUI/SendToPrinter.hpp
index 14493a1f20..87948b28c3 100644
--- a/src/slic3r/GUI/SendToPrinter.hpp
+++ b/src/slic3r/GUI/SendToPrinter.hpp
@@ -180,7 +180,7 @@ public:
     SendToPrinterDialog(Plater *plater = nullptr);
     ~SendToPrinterDialog();
 
-    bool Show(bool show);
+    bool Show(bool show) override;
     bool is_timeout();
     void on_rename_click(wxCommandEvent& event);
     void on_rename_enter();
diff --git a/src/slic3r/GUI/SyncAmsInfoDialog.hpp b/src/slic3r/GUI/SyncAmsInfoDialog.hpp
index 8ff8f18aff..248ca4032c 100644
--- a/src/slic3r/GUI/SyncAmsInfoDialog.hpp
+++ b/src/slic3r/GUI/SyncAmsInfoDialog.hpp
@@ -371,7 +371,7 @@ public:
     };
     FinishSyncAmsDialog(InputInfo &input_info);
     ~FinishSyncAmsDialog() override;
-    void deal_ok();
+    void deal_ok() override;
     void update_info(InputInfo& info);
     bool Layout() override;
 
diff --git a/src/slic3r/GUI/Tab.hpp b/src/slic3r/GUI/Tab.hpp
index 19eb0b849d..5a098d52a4 100644
--- a/src/slic3r/GUI/Tab.hpp
+++ b/src/slic3r/GUI/Tab.hpp
@@ -515,13 +515,13 @@ public:
 	bool has_key(std::string const &key);
 
 protected:
-	virtual void    activate_selected_page(std::function<void()> throw_if_canceled);
+	virtual void    activate_selected_page(std::function<void()> throw_if_canceled) override;
 
 	virtual void    on_value_change(const std::string& opt_key, const boost::any& value) override;
 
 	virtual void    notify_changed(ObjectBase * object) = 0;
 
-	virtual void	reload_config();
+	virtual void	reload_config() override;
 
 	virtual void	update_custom_dirty(std::vector<std::string> &dirty_options, std::vector<std::string> &nonsys_options) override;
 
diff --git a/src/slic3r/GUI/TabButton.hpp b/src/slic3r/GUI/TabButton.hpp
index 7accf248c4..05ce1c6bd3 100644
--- a/src/slic3r/GUI/TabButton.hpp
+++ b/src/slic3r/GUI/TabButton.hpp
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ public:
 
     void SetBitmap(ScalableBitmap &bitmap);
 
-    bool Enable(bool enable = true);
+    bool Enable(bool enable = true) override;
 
     void Rescale();
 
diff --git a/src/slic3r/GUI/Tabbook.hpp b/src/slic3r/GUI/Tabbook.hpp
index 7f10e9dd8d..87fd215327 100644
--- a/src/slic3r/GUI/Tabbook.hpp
+++ b/src/slic3r/GUI/Tabbook.hpp
@@ -166,7 +166,7 @@ public:
         return true;
     }
 
-    bool RemovePage(size_t n)
+    bool RemovePage(size_t n) override
     {
         if (!wxBookCtrlBase::RemovePage(n))
             return false;
diff --git a/src/slic3r/GUI/UnsavedChangesDialog.hpp b/src/slic3r/GUI/UnsavedChangesDialog.hpp
index b25e852c6b..fc6b8043f4 100644
--- a/src/slic3r/GUI/UnsavedChangesDialog.hpp
+++ b/src/slic3r/GUI/UnsavedChangesDialog.hpp
@@ -343,7 +343,7 @@ public:
     UnsavedChangesDialog(const wxString &caption, const wxString &header, DynamicConfig *config, int from, int to, bool left_to_right, NozzleVolumeType nozzle);
     ~UnsavedChangesDialog() override = default;
 
-    int ShowModal();
+    int ShowModal() override;
 
     void        build(Preset::Type type, PresetCollection *dependent_presets, const std::string &new_selected_preset, const wxString &header = "");
     void update(Preset::Type type, PresetCollection* dependent_presets, const std::string& new_selected_preset, const wxString& header);
diff --git a/src/slic3r/GUI/Widgets/MultiNozzleSync.cpp b/src/slic3r/GUI/Widgets/MultiNozzleSync.cpp
index 05857c6d0d..518bda1d19 100644
--- a/src/slic3r/GUI/Widgets/MultiNozzleSync.cpp
+++ b/src/slic3r/GUI/Widgets/MultiNozzleSync.cpp
@@ -630,7 +630,7 @@ NozzleListTable::NozzleListTable(wxWindow* parent) : wxPanel(parent,wxID_ANY,wxD
     SetSizer(sizer);
     Layout();
 
-    m_web_view->Bind(wxEVT_WEBVIEW_SCRIPT_MESSAGE_RECEIVED, [this,sizer](wxWebViewEvent& evt) {
+    m_web_view->Bind(wxEVT_WEBVIEW_SCRIPT_MESSAGE_RECEIVED, [this](wxWebViewEvent& evt) {
         std::string message = evt.GetString().ToStdString();
         BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(debug) << __FUNCTION__ << "Received message: " << message;
         try {
@@ -1168,8 +1168,8 @@ void MultiNozzleSyncDialog::UpdateButton(std::weak_ptr<DevNozzleRack> rack, bool
         m_cancel_btn->SetLabel(_L("Ignore"));
         m_confirm_btn->SetLabel(_L("Refresh"));
 
-        m_cancel_btn->Bind(wxEVT_LEFT_DOWN, [this, rack, ignore_opt](auto& e) {ignore_opt(); });
-        m_confirm_btn->Bind(wxEVT_LEFT_DOWN, [this, rack, refresh_cmd](auto& e) {refresh_cmd(); });
+        m_cancel_btn->Bind(wxEVT_LEFT_DOWN, [rack, ignore_opt](auto& e) {ignore_opt(); });
+        m_confirm_btn->Bind(wxEVT_LEFT_DOWN, [rack, refresh_cmd](auto& e) {refresh_cmd(); });
     }
     else if (has_unknown) {
         m_cancel_btn->Show();
@@ -1178,8 +1178,8 @@ void MultiNozzleSyncDialog::UpdateButton(std::weak_ptr<DevNozzleRack> rack, bool
         m_cancel_btn->SetLabel(_L("Ignore"));
         m_confirm_btn->SetLabel(_L("Refresh"));
 
-        m_cancel_btn->Bind(wxEVT_LEFT_DOWN, [this, rack, ignore_opt](auto& e) {ignore_opt(); });
-        m_confirm_btn->Bind(wxEVT_LEFT_DOWN, [this, rack, refresh_cmd](auto& e) {refresh_cmd(); });
+        m_cancel_btn->Bind(wxEVT_LEFT_DOWN, [rack, ignore_opt](auto& e) {ignore_opt(); });
+        m_confirm_btn->Bind(wxEVT_LEFT_DOWN, [rack, refresh_cmd](auto& e) {refresh_cmd(); });
     }
     else if (has_unreliable) {
         m_cancel_btn->Show();
@@ -1188,8 +1188,8 @@ void MultiNozzleSyncDialog::UpdateButton(std::weak_ptr<DevNozzleRack> rack, bool
         m_cancel_btn->SetLabel(_L("Refresh"));
         m_confirm_btn->SetLabel(_L("Confirm"));
 
-        m_cancel_btn->Bind(wxEVT_LEFT_DOWN, [this, rack, refresh_cmd](auto& e) {refresh_cmd(); });
-        m_confirm_btn->Bind(wxEVT_LEFT_DOWN, [this, rack, trust_cmd](auto& e) {trust_cmd(); });
+        m_cancel_btn->Bind(wxEVT_LEFT_DOWN, [rack, refresh_cmd](auto& e) {refresh_cmd(); });
+        m_confirm_btn->Bind(wxEVT_LEFT_DOWN, [rack, trust_cmd](auto& e) {trust_cmd(); });
 
     }
     else {
diff --git a/src/slic3r/GUI/Widgets/MultiNozzleSync.hpp b/src/slic3r/GUI/Widgets/MultiNozzleSync.hpp
index ab56663928..3af524c2fc 100644
--- a/src/slic3r/GUI/Widgets/MultiNozzleSync.hpp
+++ b/src/slic3r/GUI/Widgets/MultiNozzleSync.hpp
@@ -167,7 +167,7 @@ class MultiNozzleSyncDialog : public DPIDialog
 {
 public:
     MultiNozzleSyncDialog(wxWindow* parent, std::weak_ptr<DevNozzleRack> rack);
-    virtual void on_dpi_changed(const wxRect& suggested_rect) {};
+    virtual void on_dpi_changed(const wxRect& suggested_rect) override {};
     std::vector<NozzleOption> GetNozzleOptions(const std::vector<MultiNozzleUtils::NozzleGroupInfo>& group_infos);
 
     std::optional<NozzleOption> GetSelectedOption() {
diff --git a/src/slic3r/GUI/Widgets/ProgressBar.hpp b/src/slic3r/GUI/Widgets/ProgressBar.hpp
index 38dda6c8d2..40ddb8e4be 100644
--- a/src/slic3r/GUI/Widgets/ProgressBar.hpp
+++ b/src/slic3r/GUI/Widgets/ProgressBar.hpp
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ protected:
     void         paintEvent(wxPaintEvent &evt);
     void         render(wxDC &dc);
     void         doRender(wxDC &dc);
-    virtual void DoSetSize(int x, int y, int width, int height, int sizeFlags = wxSIZE_AUTO);
+    virtual void DoSetSize(int x, int y, int width, int height, int sizeFlags = wxSIZE_AUTO) override;
 
 
 
diff --git a/src/slic3r/GUI/Widgets/ProgressDialog.hpp b/src/slic3r/GUI/Widgets/ProgressDialog.hpp
index 597ec7f802..bb770298a9 100644
--- a/src/slic3r/GUI/Widgets/ProgressDialog.hpp
+++ b/src/slic3r/GUI/Widgets/ProgressDialog.hpp
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ public:
 	void OnPaint(wxPaintEvent &evt);
     virtual ~ProgressDialog();
 
-    virtual void DoSetSize(int x, int y, int width, int height, int sizeFlags = wxSIZE_AUTO);
+    virtual void DoSetSize(int x, int y, int width, int height, int sizeFlags = wxSIZE_AUTO) override;
     bool Create(const wxString &title, const wxString &message, int maximum = 100, wxWindow *parent = NULL, int style = wxPD_APP_MODAL | wxPD_AUTO_HIDE);
 
     virtual bool Update(int value, const wxString &newmsg = wxEmptyString, bool *skip = NULL);
diff --git a/src/slic3r/GUI/Widgets/SideButton.hpp b/src/slic3r/GUI/Widgets/SideButton.hpp
index 4f8d893f93..894a7d8727 100644
--- a/src/slic3r/GUI/Widgets/SideButton.hpp
+++ b/src/slic3r/GUI/Widgets/SideButton.hpp
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ public:
 
     void SetLayoutStyle(int style);
 
-    void SetLabel(const wxString& label);
+    void SetLabel(const wxString& label) override;
 
     bool SetForegroundColour(wxColour const & colour) override;
 
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ public:
 
     void SetBackgroundColor(StateColor const &color);
 
-    bool Enable(bool enable = true);
+    bool Enable(bool enable = true) override;
 
     void Rescale();
 
diff --git a/src/slic3r/GUI/Widgets/SpinInput.cpp b/src/slic3r/GUI/Widgets/SpinInput.cpp
index fba5a45233..010794c85f 100644
--- a/src/slic3r/GUI/Widgets/SpinInput.cpp
+++ b/src/slic3r/GUI/Widgets/SpinInput.cpp
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ void SpinInput::Create(wxWindow *parent,
     text_ctrl->Bind(wxEVT_KILL_FOCUS, &SpinInput::onTextLostFocus, this);
     text_ctrl->Bind(wxEVT_TEXT_ENTER, &SpinInput::onTextEnter, this);
     text_ctrl->Bind(wxEVT_KEY_DOWN, &SpinInput::keyPressed, this);
-    text_ctrl->Bind(wxEVT_RIGHT_DOWN, [this](auto &e) {}); // disable context menu
+    text_ctrl->Bind(wxEVT_RIGHT_DOWN, [](auto &e) {}); // disable context menu
     button_inc = createButton(true);
     button_dec = createButton(false);
     delta      = 0;
diff --git a/src/slic3r/GUI/Widgets/TabCtrl.hpp b/src/slic3r/GUI/Widgets/TabCtrl.hpp
index a25f332fb3..04b5b8e24e 100644
--- a/src/slic3r/GUI/Widgets/TabCtrl.hpp
+++ b/src/slic3r/GUI/Widgets/TabCtrl.hpp
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ public:
     bool IsVisible(unsigned int item) const;
 
 private:
-    virtual void DoSetSize(int x, int y, int width, int height, int sizeFlags = wxSIZE_AUTO);
+    virtual void DoSetSize(int x, int y, int width, int height, int sizeFlags = wxSIZE_AUTO) override;
 
 #ifdef __WIN32__
     WXLRESULT MSWWindowProc(WXUINT nMsg, WXWPARAM wParam, WXLPARAM lParam) override;
diff --git a/src/slic3r/GUI/Widgets/TempInput.cpp b/src/slic3r/GUI/Widgets/TempInput.cpp
index 6a9809252a..6705378dac 100644
--- a/src/slic3r/GUI/Widgets/TempInput.cpp
+++ b/src/slic3r/GUI/Widgets/TempInput.cpp
@@ -134,7 +134,7 @@ void TempInput::Create(wxWindow *parent, wxString text, wxString label, wxString
             }
         }
     });
-    text_ctrl->Bind(wxEVT_RIGHT_DOWN, [this](auto &e) {}); // disable context menu
+    text_ctrl->Bind(wxEVT_RIGHT_DOWN, [](auto &e) {}); // disable context menu
     text_ctrl->Bind(wxEVT_LEFT_DOWN, [this](auto &e) {
         if (m_read_only) {
             return;
diff --git a/src/slic3r/GUI/Widgets/TempInput.hpp b/src/slic3r/GUI/Widgets/TempInput.hpp
index c306ba59cc..f281a1ea6e 100644
--- a/src/slic3r/GUI/Widgets/TempInput.hpp
+++ b/src/slic3r/GUI/Widgets/TempInput.hpp
@@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ public:
     wxString GetTagTemp() { return text_ctrl->GetValue(); }
     wxString GetCurrTemp() { return GetLabel(); }
     int get_max_temp() { return max_temp; }
-    void SetLabel(const wxString &label);
+    void SetLabel(const wxString &label) override;
 
     void SetTextColor(StateColor const &color);
 
@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ public:
     void  ReSetOnChanging() { m_on_changing = false; }
 
 protected:
-    virtual void DoSetSize(int x, int y, int width, int height, int sizeFlags = wxSIZE_AUTO);
+    virtual void DoSetSize(int x, int y, int width, int height, int sizeFlags = wxSIZE_AUTO) override;
 
     void DoSetToolTipText(wxString const &tip) override;
 
diff --git a/src/slic3r/GUI/Widgets/TextInput.cpp b/src/slic3r/GUI/Widgets/TextInput.cpp
index 49605e048d..c4a6f59a8b 100644
--- a/src/slic3r/GUI/Widgets/TextInput.cpp
+++ b/src/slic3r/GUI/Widgets/TextInput.cpp
@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ void TextInput::Create(wxWindow *     parent,
         e.SetId(GetId());
         ProcessEventLocally(e);
     });
-    text_ctrl->Bind(wxEVT_RIGHT_DOWN, [this](auto &e) {}); // disable context menu
+    text_ctrl->Bind(wxEVT_RIGHT_DOWN, [](auto &e) {}); // disable context menu
     if (!icon.IsEmpty()) {
         this->icon = ScalableBitmap(this, icon.ToStdString(), 16);
     }
diff --git a/src/slic3r/GUI/Widgets/TextInput.hpp b/src/slic3r/GUI/Widgets/TextInput.hpp
index 9aca7037c4..b3cdf9d1b8 100644
--- a/src/slic3r/GUI/Widgets/TextInput.hpp
+++ b/src/slic3r/GUI/Widgets/TextInput.hpp
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ public:
     // Only meant to be used by inspector, not public API
     int GetCornerRadius() const { return static_cast<int>(radius); }
 
-    void SetLabel(const wxString& label);
+    void SetLabel(const wxString& label) override;
 
     void SetStaticTips(const wxString& tips, const wxBitmap& bitmap);
 
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ protected:
     virtual void OnEdit() {}
 
     virtual void DoSetSize(
-        int x, int y, int width, int height, int sizeFlags = wxSIZE_AUTO);
+        int x, int y, int width, int height, int sizeFlags = wxSIZE_AUTO) override;
 
     void DoSetToolTipText(wxString const &tip) override;
 
diff --git a/src/slic3r/GUI/Widgets/WebView.cpp b/src/slic3r/GUI/Widgets/WebView.cpp
index 36800dcf47..e281d97407 100644
--- a/src/slic3r/GUI/Widgets/WebView.cpp
+++ b/src/slic3r/GUI/Widgets/WebView.cpp
@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ DWORD DownloadAndInstallWV2RT() {
 class WebViewEdge : public wxWebViewEdge
 {
 public:
-    bool SetUserAgent(const wxString &userAgent)
+    bool SetUserAgent(const wxString &userAgent) override
     {
         bool dark = userAgent.Contains("dark");
         SetColorScheme(dark ? COREWEBVIEW2_PREFERRED_COLOR_SCHEME_DARK : COREWEBVIEW2_PREFERRED_COLOR_SCHEME_LIGHT);
diff --git a/src/slic3r/Utils/CrealityPrint.hpp b/src/slic3r/Utils/CrealityPrint.hpp
index ddb2054420..3b5287f382 100644
--- a/src/slic3r/Utils/CrealityPrint.hpp
+++ b/src/slic3r/Utils/CrealityPrint.hpp
@@ -21,14 +21,14 @@ public:
     ~CrealityPrint() override = default;
 
     const char* get_name() const override;
-    virtual bool can_test() const { return true; };
+    virtual bool can_test() const override { return true; };
     std::string  get_host() const override;
     bool has_auto_discovery() const override { return true; }
 
     wxString                           get_test_ok_msg() const override;
     wxString                           get_test_failed_msg(wxString& msg) const override;
     virtual bool                       test(wxString& curl_msg) const override;
-    PrintHostPostUploadActions         get_post_upload_actions() const;
+    PrintHostPostUploadActions         get_post_upload_actions() const override;
     bool upload(PrintHostUpload upload_data, ProgressFn prorgess_fn, ErrorFn error_fn, InfoFn info_fn) const override;
     bool supports_multi_color_print() const;
     std::string query_boxes_info() const;
diff --git a/src/slic3r/Utils/ElegooLink.hpp b/src/slic3r/Utils/ElegooLink.hpp
index eb1ca7ba26..a60d2de1b3 100644
--- a/src/slic3r/Utils/ElegooLink.hpp
+++ b/src/slic3r/Utils/ElegooLink.hpp
@@ -32,10 +32,10 @@ public:
     PrintHostPostUploadActions get_post_upload_actions() const override;
 protected:
 #ifdef WIN32
-    virtual bool upload_inner_with_resolved_ip(PrintHostUpload upload_data, ProgressFn prorgess_fn, ErrorFn error_fn, InfoFn info_fn, const boost::asio::ip::address& resolved_addr) const;
+    virtual bool upload_inner_with_resolved_ip(PrintHostUpload upload_data, ProgressFn prorgess_fn, ErrorFn error_fn, InfoFn info_fn, const boost::asio::ip::address& resolved_addr) const override;
 #endif
-    virtual bool validate_version_text(const boost::optional<std::string> &version_text) const;
-    virtual bool upload_inner_with_host(PrintHostUpload upload_data, ProgressFn prorgess_fn, ErrorFn error_fn, InfoFn info_fn) const;
+    virtual bool validate_version_text(const boost::optional<std::string> &version_text) const override;
+    virtual bool upload_inner_with_host(PrintHostUpload upload_data, ProgressFn prorgess_fn, ErrorFn error_fn, InfoFn info_fn) const override;
 
 #ifdef WIN32
     virtual bool test_with_resolved_ip(wxString& curl_msg) const override;
diff --git a/src/slic3r/Utils/Obico.hpp b/src/slic3r/Utils/Obico.hpp
index 9fd3d50f6b..f262d204bd 100644
--- a/src/slic3r/Utils/Obico.hpp
+++ b/src/slic3r/Utils/Obico.hpp
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ public:
     ~Obico() override = default;
 
     const char* get_name() const override;
-    virtual bool can_test() const { return true; };
+    virtual bool can_test() const override { return true; };
     bool has_auto_discovery() const override { return false; }
     bool is_cloud() const override { return true; }
     bool get_login_url(wxString& auth_url) const override;
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ public:
     wxString                           get_test_failed_msg(wxString& msg) const override;
     virtual bool                       test(wxString& curl_msg) const override;
     bool                               get_printers(wxArrayString& printers) const override;
-    PrintHostPostUploadActions         get_post_upload_actions() const;
+    PrintHostPostUploadActions         get_post_upload_actions() const override;
     bool upload(PrintHostUpload upload_data, ProgressFn prorgess_fn, ErrorFn error_fn, InfoFn info_fn) const override;
 
 protected:

From bfe5f7e63cadabff98cbda747b1ee1b4e1ed8f5e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: SoftFever <softfeverever@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 25 Aug 2026 21:35:43 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 43/51] fix text error

---
 tests/libslic3r/test_triangle_selector.cpp | 3 ++-
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/tests/libslic3r/test_triangle_selector.cpp b/tests/libslic3r/test_triangle_selector.cpp
index 0bdc639626..fd2ab9efa8 100644
--- a/tests/libslic3r/test_triangle_selector.cpp
+++ b/tests/libslic3r/test_triangle_selector.cpp
@@ -108,8 +108,9 @@ TEST_CASE("Extruder states match the CONST_FILAMENTS hex encoding", "[TriangleSe
     }));
 
     // get_triangle_as_string emits the nibbles most significant first, so read the hex backwards.
+    const std::string hex = c.hex;
     std::vector<bool> bitstream;
-    for (auto it = std::string(c.hex).rbegin(); it != std::string(c.hex).rend(); ++it) {
+    for (auto it = hex.rbegin(); it != hex.rend(); ++it) {
         const int nibble = *it >= 'A' ? (*it - 'A' + 10) : (*it - '0');
         for (int bit = 0; bit < 4; ++bit)
             bitstream.push_back((nibble >> bit) & 1);

From 265ae16160f304327193522e08ae09fe5459af97 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Kris Austin <kris.austin@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 25 Aug 2026 10:13:45 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 44/51] chore: ignore CMakeUserPresets.json (#15354)

CMake reads CMakeUserPresets.json for developer-local presets, and its
documentation states the file should not be checked into version control:
https://cmake.org/cmake/help/latest/manual/cmake-presets.7.html#introduction

It is the preset equivalent of CMakeLists.txt.user, ignored on the line
above.
---
 .gitignore | 1 +
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)

diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore
index 4d3ccb5c7b..cdcd1c90b4 100644
--- a/.gitignore
+++ b/.gitignore
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ Build
 Build.bat
 /build*/
 CMakeLists.txt.user
+CMakeUserPresets.json
 **/CMakeLists.txt.autosave
 deps/build*
 MYMETA.json

From a5223279acc9cf3952296aab7d0728345b482676 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Ian Bassi <ian.bassi@outlook.com>
Date: Tue, 25 Aug 2026 12:46:34 -0300
Subject: [PATCH 45/51] Fix uneven corner rounding in multiline infill (#15352)

* Skip straight-run splits in corner smoothing

Teach `CornerSmoother` to treat vertices that only continue a straight segment as part of the same leg instead of rounding them as corners. The smoother now keeps a three-point window so it can emit a corner only once both adjoining legs are known, which avoids unnecessary corner processing while preserving real turns such as hairpins.

* Add regression test for split-leg smoothing

Adds a FillCornerSmoothing regression test covering polylines with an extra collinear vertex in a straight run. The test ensures corner smoothing treats split and unsplit geometry identically, preventing inconsistent rounding radii in triangular/grid infill paths.
---
 src/libslic3r/Fill/FillCornerSmoothing.cpp    | 16 +++++
 src/libslic3r/Fill/FillCornerSmoothing.hpp    | 59 +++++++++++++------
 .../libslic3r/test_fill_corner_smoothing.cpp  | 21 +++++++
 3 files changed, 78 insertions(+), 18 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/libslic3r/Fill/FillCornerSmoothing.cpp b/src/libslic3r/Fill/FillCornerSmoothing.cpp
index 2af9f6bb9c..dbce39d572 100644
--- a/src/libslic3r/Fill/FillCornerSmoothing.cpp
+++ b/src/libslic3r/Fill/FillCornerSmoothing.cpp
@@ -108,6 +108,22 @@ const std::vector<Vec2d>& CornerSmoother::curve_coefficients(
     return m_cached_coefficients;
 }
 
+bool CornerSmoother::is_on_straight_run(const Vec2d &previous, const Vec2d &vertex, const Vec2d &next)
+{
+    const Vec2d  incoming_leg    = vertex - previous;
+    const Vec2d  outgoing_leg    = next - vertex;
+    const double incoming_length = incoming_leg.norm();
+    const double outgoing_length = outgoing_leg.norm();
+    // A vertex repeating one of its neighbours carries no direction of its own.
+    if (incoming_length < EPSILON || outgoing_length < EPSILON)
+        return true;
+
+    const Vec2d incoming = incoming_leg / incoming_length;
+    const Vec2d outgoing = outgoing_leg / outgoing_length;
+    return incoming.dot(outgoing) > 0. &&
+           std::abs(incoming.x() * outgoing.y() - incoming.y() * outgoing.x()) < EPSILON;
+}
+
 void CornerSmoother::round_corner(const Vec2d &previous, const Vec2d &corner, const Vec2d &next)
 {
     m_corner_points.clear();
diff --git a/src/libslic3r/Fill/FillCornerSmoothing.hpp b/src/libslic3r/Fill/FillCornerSmoothing.hpp
index 1852fc4c67..7f2ead229a 100644
--- a/src/libslic3r/Fill/FillCornerSmoothing.hpp
+++ b/src/libslic3r/Fill/FillCornerSmoothing.hpp
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 #pragma once
 
 #include <algorithm>
+#include <array>
 #include <cmath>
 #include <functional>
 #include <vector>
@@ -47,36 +48,57 @@ public:
 
     template<typename Emit> void push(const Vec2d &point, Emit &emit)
     {
-        if (m_pending == 0) {
+        if (m_held == 0) {
+            // The first point of a path is an end, not a corner, and stays where it is.
             emit(point);
-            m_previous = point;
-        } else if (m_pending > 1) {
-            round_corner(m_previous, m_corner, point);
-            for (const Vec2d &corner_point : m_corner_points)
-                emit(corner_point);
-            m_previous = m_corner;
+            m_window[m_held++] = point;
+            return;
         }
-        m_corner  = point;
-        m_pending = std::min(m_pending + 1, 2);
+        if (m_held > 1 && is_on_straight_run(m_window[m_held - 2], m_window[m_held - 1], point)) {
+            // The newest vertex only splits a straight leg, so the leg runs on to this point instead.
+            m_window[m_held - 1] = point;
+            return;
+        }
+        if (m_held < 3) {
+            m_window[m_held++] = point;
+            return;
+        }
+        // Both legs of the middle vertex are complete now, so its curve can no longer grow.
+        emit_corner(m_window[0], m_window[1], m_window[2], emit);
+        m_window[0] = m_window[1];
+        m_window[1] = m_window[2];
+        m_window[2] = point;
     }
 
     // Emits the last point of the path and prepares the smoother for a new one.
     template<typename Emit> void flush(Emit &emit)
     {
-        if (m_pending > 1)
-            emit(m_corner);
-        m_pending = 0;
+        if (m_held > 2)
+            emit_corner(m_window[0], m_window[1], m_window[2], emit);
+        if (m_held > 1)
+            emit(m_window[m_held - 1]);
+        m_held = 0;
     }
 
 private:
+    template<typename Emit> void emit_corner(const Vec2d &previous, const Vec2d &corner, const Vec2d &next, Emit &emit)
+    {
+        round_corner(previous, corner, next);
+        for (const Vec2d &corner_point : m_corner_points)
+            emit(corner_point);
+    }
+
+    // Tells a vertex that only continues a straight leg (or repeats its predecessor) from a corner.
+    // A path doubling back on itself is not one, that vertex is a hairpin and stays where it is.
+    static bool is_on_straight_run(const Vec2d &previous, const Vec2d &vertex, const Vec2d &next);
     // Fills m_corner_points with the points replacing the corner vertex.
     void round_corner(const Vec2d &previous, const Vec2d &corner, const Vec2d &next);
     // Flattens the canonical corner curve of the given size and turn into coordinates of the
     // (incoming, outgoing) basis of the corner. Cached, as an infill path repeats the same corner.
     const std::vector<Vec2d>& curve_coefficients(double corner_distance, const Vec2d &incoming, const Vec2d &outgoing);
 
-    // Fraction of the shorter adjoining segment consumed on each side of a corner. Half of a segment
-    // is the maximum, otherwise the curves of two adjacent corners would overlap.
+    // Fraction of the shorter adjoining leg consumed on each side of a corner. Half of a leg is the
+    // maximum, otherwise the curves of two adjacent corners would overlap.
     const double       m_corner_distance_ratio;
     const double       m_tolerance;
     const double       m_max_corner_distance;
@@ -88,10 +110,11 @@ private:
     double             m_cached_cosine { 0. };
     bool               m_has_cached_coefficients { false };
 
-    Vec2d m_previous { Vec2d::Zero() };
-    Vec2d m_corner { Vec2d::Zero() };
-    // Number of points held back: none, the first point of a path, or a corner candidate.
-    int   m_pending { 0 };
+    // The corners seen last, kept free of vertices that merely split a straight leg. The middle one
+    // is rounded once the third arrives, which is what makes its outgoing leg final.
+    std::array<Vec2d, 3> m_window { Vec2d::Zero(), Vec2d::Zero(), Vec2d::Zero() };
+    // How many of them are filled in.
+    int                  m_held { 0 };
 };
 
 // Rounds the corners of already scaled paths in place. Paths of less than three points are left alone.
diff --git a/tests/libslic3r/test_fill_corner_smoothing.cpp b/tests/libslic3r/test_fill_corner_smoothing.cpp
index f2c25e816d..a9e752f250 100644
--- a/tests/libslic3r/test_fill_corner_smoothing.cpp
+++ b/tests/libslic3r/test_fill_corner_smoothing.cpp
@@ -171,3 +171,24 @@ TEST_CASE("Corner smoothing keeps the ends of a path that returns to its start",
     REQUIRE(retrace.front() == sharp.front());
     REQUIRE(retrace.back() == sharp.back());
 }
+
+TEST_CASE("Corner smoothing ignores vertices splitting a straight leg", "[FillCornerSmoothing][Regression]")
+{
+    // The triangular and grid infills emit a vertex halfway along the straight run joining two of
+    // their corners. Measuring the legs up to that vertex instead of up to the next corner let the
+    // rounding reach only half as far there as it did into the very same run elsewhere in the
+    // pattern, so geometrically identical corners came out rounded to different radii.
+    const Polyline plain{ Point::new_scale(0., 20.), Point::new_scale(10., 0.),
+                          Point::new_scale(20., 0.), Point::new_scale(30., 20.) };
+    Polyline split = plain;
+    split.points.insert(split.points.begin() + 2, Point::new_scale(15., 0.));
+
+    Polyline smooth_plain = plain;
+    smooth_polyline_corners(smooth_plain, 1., tolerance);
+    Polyline smooth_split = split;
+    smooth_polyline_corners(smooth_split, 1., tolerance);
+
+    REQUIRE(smooth_split.points == smooth_plain.points);
+    // Both corners reach the middle of the 10mm run they share, which the extra vertex sat on.
+    REQUIRE(contains(smooth_plain, Point::new_scale(15., 0.)));
+}

From ea4a4a60f12ace34687cb2d8e1015679979791c1 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Ian Bassi <ian.bassi@outlook.com>
Date: Tue, 25 Aug 2026 16:18:45 -0300
Subject: [PATCH 46/51] Refresh dynamic filament list on mixed slot changes
 (#15375)

Call update_dynamic_filament_list() alongside update_mixed_filament_list() in two places: after editing a mixed filament slot and when the filament count doesn't change (e.g., adding a mixed/virtual slot). This ensures per-feature filament lists reflect the updated blended colour and type without requiring a full filament count change.
---
 src/slic3r/GUI/Plater.cpp | 6 ++++++
 1 file changed, 6 insertions(+)

diff --git a/src/slic3r/GUI/Plater.cpp b/src/slic3r/GUI/Plater.cpp
index b3a873a0bc..79ebd38716 100644
--- a/src/slic3r/GUI/Plater.cpp
+++ b/src/slic3r/GUI/Plater.cpp
@@ -4914,7 +4914,10 @@ void Sidebar::edit_mixed_filament(size_t panel_idx)
         if (multi_colour_opt && cfg_idx < multi_colour_opt->values.size())
             multi_colour_opt->values[cfg_idx] = blended;
 
+        // The edited slot keeps its index, so nothing else refreshes the per-feature filament
+        // lists - and its blended colour and type are what they show for it.
         update_mixed_filament_list();
+        update_dynamic_filament_list();
         wxGetApp().plater()->update_project_dirty_from_presets();
         wxPostEvent(this, SimpleEvent(EVT_SCHEDULE_BACKGROUND_PROCESS, this));
     }
@@ -5286,8 +5289,11 @@ void Sidebar::on_filament_count_change(size_t num_filaments)
     if (num_physical == choices.size()) {
         // The ctor pre-creates one combo, so a single-filament project hits this guard before
         // any layout pass has sized the scroll areas; refresh them here as well.
+        // Adding a mixed slot also lands here, since only the virtual count changed, so the
+        // per-feature filament lists - which do list mixed slots - have to be refreshed too.
         recalc_filament_scroll_sizes();
         update_mixed_filament_list();
+        update_dynamic_filament_list();
         return;
     }
 

From 24967b543ade957e061e52159f557c37134d43cb Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Valerii Bokhan <80919135+valerii-bokhan@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Wed, 26 Aug 2026 00:31:09 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 47/51] Fix contour cleanup across coplanar triangles (#15366)

* Fix contour cleanup across coplanar triangles

Avoid generic collinear simplification after slicing. Skip only junctions created by shared edges between coplanar faces so contours stay stable without altering shallow geometry.

Fixes #15364

* Fix contour cleanup across coplanar triangles (code review fixes)

---------

Co-authored-by: Ian Bassi <ian.bassi@outlook.com>
---
 src/libslic3r/TriangleMeshSlicer.cpp | 125 +++++++++++++++++++++++----
 1 file changed, 108 insertions(+), 17 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/libslic3r/TriangleMeshSlicer.cpp b/src/libslic3r/TriangleMeshSlicer.cpp
index c403a6bd92..417ca354d3 100644
--- a/src/libslic3r/TriangleMeshSlicer.cpp
+++ b/src/libslic3r/TriangleMeshSlicer.cpp
@@ -146,6 +146,85 @@ public:
 
 using IntersectionLines = std::vector<IntersectionLine>;
 
+// Orca: A planar face is commonly represented by multiple triangles. A slicing plane then crosses
+// their shared edges and creates intermediate 2D points which are not part of the model contour.
+// Track only edges whose two incident triangles lie in the same geometric plane within the slicing
+// coordinate precision, so those artificial junctions can be omitted without simplifying genuine,
+// nearly-collinear geometry.
+using CoplanarEdges = std::vector<bool>;
+
+static CoplanarEdges coplanar_edges(const indexed_triangle_set &mesh, const std::vector<Vec3i32> &face_edge_ids,
+                                    const Transform3d &trafo)
+{
+    struct FacePlane {
+        Vec3d origin { Vec3d::Zero() };
+        Vec3d normal { Vec3d::Zero() };
+        bool  valid { false };
+    };
+
+    // Orca: Edge IDs are dense but may include boundary edges referenced by just one face.
+    int num_edges = 0;
+    for (const Vec3i32 &edge_ids : face_edge_ids)
+        num_edges = std::max(num_edges, edge_ids.maxCoeff() + 1);
+
+    CoplanarEdges coplanar(num_edges, false);
+    std::vector<int> first_face(num_edges, -1);
+    std::vector<int> first_face_edge(num_edges, -1);
+    std::vector<FacePlane> face_planes(face_edge_ids.size());
+    std::vector<bool> face_plane_computed(face_edge_ids.size(), false);
+    auto transformed_vertex = [&mesh, &trafo](int vertex_idx) {
+        return trafo * mesh.vertices[vertex_idx].cast<double>();
+    };
+    // Orca: Compute planes lazily. The single-plane slicer masks most faces, so eagerly calculating
+    // every plane would defeat part of that optimization.
+    auto face_plane = [&mesh, &face_planes, &face_plane_computed, &transformed_vertex](int face_idx) -> const FacePlane& {
+        if (! face_plane_computed[face_idx]) {
+            const Vec3i32 &face = mesh.indices[face_idx];
+            const Vec3d a = transformed_vertex(face(0));
+            const Vec3d b = transformed_vertex(face(1));
+            const Vec3d c = transformed_vertex(face(2));
+            FacePlane &plane = face_planes[face_idx];
+            plane.origin = a;
+            plane.normal = (b - a).cross(c - a);
+            const double normal_length = plane.normal.norm();
+            if (normal_length > 0.) {
+                plane.normal /= normal_length;
+                plane.valid = true;
+            }
+            face_plane_computed[face_idx] = true;
+        }
+        return face_planes[face_idx];
+    };
+    const double plane_distance_tolerance = SCALING_FACTOR;
+    for (int face_idx = 0; face_idx < int(face_edge_ids.size()); ++ face_idx) {
+        for (int edge_idx = 0; edge_idx < 3; ++ edge_idx) {
+            const int edge_id = face_edge_ids[face_idx](edge_idx);
+            if (edge_id < 0)
+                continue;
+            if (first_face[edge_id] == -1) {
+                first_face[edge_id] = face_idx;
+                first_face_edge[edge_id] = edge_idx;
+            } else {
+                const int first_face_idx = first_face[edge_id];
+                const FacePlane &first_plane = face_plane(first_face_idx);
+                const FacePlane &second_plane = face_plane(face_idx);
+                const int first_opposite_idx = mesh.indices[first_face_idx]((first_face_edge[edge_id] + 2) % 3);
+                const int second_opposite_idx = mesh.indices[face_idx]((edge_idx + 2) % 3);
+                const Vec3d first_opposite = transformed_vertex(first_opposite_idx);
+                const Vec3d second_opposite = transformed_vertex(second_opposite_idx);
+                // Orca: A shared edge guarantees that the planes intersect, but not that they coincide.
+                // Check both opposite vertices against the neighboring plane using one coord_t as the
+                // distance tolerance. The normal dot product only preserves face orientation; it does
+                // not classify a shallow angle as coplanar (see #15364).
+                coplanar[edge_id] = first_plane.valid && second_plane.valid && first_plane.normal.dot(second_plane.normal) > 0. &&
+                    std::abs(first_plane.normal.dot(second_opposite - first_plane.origin)) <= plane_distance_tolerance &&
+                    std::abs(second_plane.normal.dot(first_opposite - second_plane.origin)) <= plane_distance_tolerance;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    return coplanar;
+}
+
 enum class FacetSliceType {
     NoSlice = 0,
     Slicing = 1,
@@ -1057,7 +1136,8 @@ struct OpenPolyline {
 
 // called by make_loops() to connect sliced triangles into closed loops and open polylines by the triangle connectivity.
 // Only connects segments crossing triangles of the same orientation.
-static void chain_lines_by_triangle_connectivity(IntersectionLines &lines, Polygons &loops, std::vector<OpenPolyline> &open_polylines)
+static void chain_lines_by_triangle_connectivity(IntersectionLines &lines, const CoplanarEdges &coplanar_edges,
+                                                 Polygons &loops, std::vector<OpenPolyline> &open_polylines)
 {
     // Build a map of lines by edge_a_id and a_id.
     std::vector<IntersectionLine*> by_edge_a_id;
@@ -1134,6 +1214,11 @@ static void chain_lines_by_triangle_connectivity(IntersectionLines &lines, Polyg
                     (first_line->a_id      != -1 && first_line->a_id      == last_line->b_id)) {
                     // The current loop is complete. Add it to the output.
                     assert(first_line->a == last_line->b);
+                    // Orca: The seed point is also a triangle junction. Handle it explicitly because it
+                    // is never visited through the next_line branch below when the loop closes.
+                    if (first_line->edge_a_id >= 0 && first_line->edge_a_id < int(coplanar_edges.size()) &&
+                        coplanar_edges[first_line->edge_a_id])
+                        loop_pts.erase(loop_pts.begin());
                     loops.emplace_back(std::move(loop_pts));
                     #ifdef SLIC3R_TRIANGLEMESH_DEBUG
                     printf("  Discovered %s polygon of %d points\n", (p.is_counter_clockwise() ? "ccw" : "cw"), (int)p.points.size());
@@ -1153,7 +1238,12 @@ static void chain_lines_by_triangle_connectivity(IntersectionLines &lines, Polyg
                 next_line->a.x, next_line->a.y, next_line->b.x, next_line->b.y);
             */
             assert(last_line->b == next_line->a);
-            loop_pts.emplace_back(next_line->a);
+            // Orca: Skip only junctions introduced by triangulating one planar face. Unlike a generic
+            // collinearity cleanup, this preserves intentional shallow corners used when comparing
+            // adjacent layers for bridges and overhang perimeters (see #15364).
+            if (next_line->edge_a_id < 0 || next_line->edge_a_id >= int(coplanar_edges.size()) ||
+                ! coplanar_edges[next_line->edge_a_id])
+                loop_pts.emplace_back(next_line->a);
             last_line = next_line;
             next_line->set_skip();
         }
@@ -1382,7 +1472,8 @@ static void chain_open_polylines_close_gaps(std::vector<OpenPolyline> &open_poly
 
 static Polygons make_loops(
     // Lines will have their flags modified.
-    IntersectionLines   &lines)
+    IntersectionLines   &lines,
+    const CoplanarEdges &coplanar_edges)
 {
     Polygons loops;
 #if 0
@@ -1412,7 +1503,7 @@ static Polygons make_loops(
 #endif /* SLIC3R_DEBUG_SLICE_PROCESSING */
 
     std::vector<OpenPolyline> open_polylines;
-    chain_lines_by_triangle_connectivity(lines, loops, open_polylines);
+    chain_lines_by_triangle_connectivity(lines, coplanar_edges, loops, open_polylines);
 
 #ifdef SLIC3R_DEBUG_SLICE_PROCESSING
         {
@@ -1484,6 +1575,7 @@ template<typename ThrowOnCancel>
 static std::vector<Polygons> make_loops(
     // Lines will have their flags modified.
     std::vector<IntersectionLines> &lines, 
+    const CoplanarEdges             &coplanar_edges,
     const MeshSlicingParams        &params, 
     ThrowOnCancel                   throw_on_cancel)
 {
@@ -1491,20 +1583,13 @@ static std::vector<Polygons> make_loops(
     layers.resize(lines.size());
     tbb::parallel_for(
         tbb::blocked_range<size_t>(0, lines.size()),
-        [&lines, &layers, &params, throw_on_cancel](const tbb::blocked_range<size_t> &range) {
+        [&lines, &layers, &coplanar_edges, &params, throw_on_cancel](const tbb::blocked_range<size_t> &range) {
             for (size_t line_idx = range.begin(); line_idx < range.end(); ++ line_idx) {
                 if ((line_idx & 0x0ffff) == 0)
                     throw_on_cancel();
 
                 Polygons &polygons = layers[line_idx];
-                polygons = make_loops(lines[line_idx]);
-
-                // Orca: A planar quad represented by two triangles contributes a point where the
-                // slicing plane crosses the shared diagonal. After rounding to coord_t this
-                // point may be very slightly off the otherwise straight contour edge. Apart
-                // from being redundant, such points make the subsequent contour
-                // simplification depend on the slice height (and may move seam candidates).
-                remove_collinear(polygons);
+                polygons = make_loops(lines[line_idx], coplanar_edges);
 
                 auto this_mode = line_idx < params.slicing_mode_normal_below_layer ? params.mode_below : params.mode;
                 if (! polygons.empty()) {
@@ -1633,7 +1718,7 @@ static std::vector<Polygons> make_slab_loops(
 #endif /* SLIC3R_DEBUG_SLICE_PROCESSING */
                         Polygons &loops = layers[line_idx];
                         std::vector<OpenPolyline> open_polylines;
-                        chain_lines_by_triangle_connectivity(in, loops, open_polylines);
+                        chain_lines_by_triangle_connectivity(in, {}, loops, open_polylines);
 #ifdef SLIC3R_DEBUG_SLICE_PROCESSING
                         {
                             SVG svg(debug_out_path("make_slab_loops-out-%d-%d-%s.svg", iRun, line_idx, ProjectionFromTop ? "top" : "bottom").c_str(), bbox_svg);
@@ -1673,7 +1758,7 @@ static ExPolygons make_expolygons_simple(std::vector<IntersectionLine> &lines)
     ExPolygons slices;
     Polygons holes;
 
-    for (Polygon &loop : make_loops(lines))
+    for (Polygon &loop : make_loops(lines, {}))
         if (loop.area() >= 0.)
             slices.emplace_back(std::move(loop));
         else
@@ -1878,6 +1963,7 @@ std::vector<Polygons> slice_mesh(
     BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(debug) << "slice_mesh to polygons";
        
     std::vector<IntersectionLines> lines;
+    CoplanarEdges                  coplanar;
 
     {
         //FIXME facets_edges is likely not needed and quite costly to calculate.
@@ -1885,6 +1971,8 @@ std::vector<Polygons> slice_mesh(
         // However facets_edges assigns a single edge ID to two triangles only, thus when factoring facets_edges out, one will have
         // to make sure that no code relies on it.
         std::vector<Vec3i32> face_edge_ids = its_face_edge_ids(mesh);
+        // Orca: Keep the coplanarity classification aligned with the edge IDs used to chain this slice.
+        coplanar = coplanar_edges(mesh, face_edge_ids, params.trafo);
         if (zs.size() <= 1) {
             // It likely is not worthwile to copy the vertices. Apply the transformation in place.
             if (is_identity(params.trafo)) {
@@ -1906,7 +1994,7 @@ std::vector<Polygons> slice_mesh(
 
     throw_on_cancel();
 
-    std::vector<Polygons> layers = make_loops(lines, params, throw_on_cancel);
+    std::vector<Polygons> layers = make_loops(lines, coplanar, params, throw_on_cancel);
 
 #ifdef SLIC3R_DEBUG
     {
@@ -1952,6 +2040,7 @@ Polygons slice_mesh(
     const MeshSlicingParams          &params)
 {
     std::vector<IntersectionLines> lines;
+    CoplanarEdges                  coplanar;
 
     {
         bool                trafo_identity = is_identity(params.trafo);
@@ -1987,6 +2076,8 @@ Polygons slice_mesh(
 
         // 3) Calculate face neighbors for just the faces in face_mask.
         std::vector<Vec3i32> face_edge_ids = its_face_edge_ids(mesh, face_mask);
+        // Orca: The single-plane path has its own masked edge-ID space, so classify that space separately.
+        coplanar = coplanar_edges(mesh, face_edge_ids, params.trafo);
 
         // 4) Slice "face_mask" triangles, collect line segments.
         // It likely is not worthwile to copy the vertices. Apply the transformation in place.
@@ -2002,7 +2093,7 @@ Polygons slice_mesh(
     }
 
     // 5) Chain the line segments.
-    std::vector<Polygons> layers = make_loops(lines, params, [](){});
+    std::vector<Polygons> layers = make_loops(lines, coplanar, params, [](){});
     assert(layers.size() == 1);
     return layers.front();
 }

From 1e4b48c54833086b9f68f1914fb621b30165a1e2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Kris Austin <kris.austin@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 26 Aug 2026 05:38:52 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 48/51] build: clear 227 warnings - dead private fields,
 malformed comments (#15376)

build: drop dead private fields, close malformed comments (227 warnings)

Clears 227 of the clang-cl warnings tracked in #15374, taking a full
Windows build from 1,491 to 1,264. Five of the six changes are in
headers, which are re-diagnosed in every translation unit that includes
them, so the count is large for a 14-line diff.

Tabbook.hpp: delete two private fields, unread since the 2022 import.
m_parent also shadowed wxWindowBase::m_parent.

GUI_Utils.hpp: the wxEVT_SYS_COLOUR_CHANGED lambda body is empty on
Windows, so its `this` capture is unused there. (void) this; leaves the
handler bound, which is what stops the event propagating.

DevFirmware.h: mark m_owner [[maybe_unused]]. The class is never
instantiated, and the file tracks BambuStudio, so this is the smallest
divergence.

Eight DeviceTab/ files, AMSItem.cpp and SelectMachine.cpp: block
comments malformed so that they read as a nested /*.

No behavior change. -Wcomment goes to zero, and only the three intended
categories move.
---
 src/slic3r/GUI/DeviceCore/DevFirmware.h                | 2 +-
 src/slic3r/GUI/DeviceTab/uiAMSBestPositionPopup.cpp    | 2 +-
 src/slic3r/GUI/DeviceTab/uiAMSBestPositionPopup.hpp    | 2 +-
 src/slic3r/GUI/DeviceTab/wgtDeviceNozzleRack.cpp       | 2 +-
 src/slic3r/GUI/DeviceTab/wgtDeviceNozzleRack.h         | 2 +-
 src/slic3r/GUI/DeviceTab/wgtDeviceNozzleRackUpdate.cpp | 2 +-
 src/slic3r/GUI/DeviceTab/wgtDeviceNozzleRackUpdate.h   | 2 +-
 src/slic3r/GUI/DeviceTab/wgtDeviceNozzleSelect.cpp     | 2 +-
 src/slic3r/GUI/DeviceTab/wgtDeviceNozzleSelect.h       | 2 +-
 src/slic3r/GUI/GUI_Utils.hpp                           | 3 +++
 src/slic3r/GUI/SelectMachine.cpp                       | 2 +-
 src/slic3r/GUI/Tabbook.hpp                             | 3 ---
 src/slic3r/GUI/Widgets/AMSItem.cpp                     | 3 ---
 13 files changed, 13 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/slic3r/GUI/DeviceCore/DevFirmware.h b/src/slic3r/GUI/DeviceCore/DevFirmware.h
index 9dae603702..5b0ea986a2 100644
--- a/src/slic3r/GUI/DeviceCore/DevFirmware.h
+++ b/src/slic3r/GUI/DeviceCore/DevFirmware.h
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ public:
     DevFirmware(MachineObject* obj) : m_owner(obj) {}
 
 private:
-    MachineObject* m_owner = nullptr;
+    [[maybe_unused]] MachineObject* m_owner = nullptr;
 };
 
 } // namespace Slic3r
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/slic3r/GUI/DeviceTab/uiAMSBestPositionPopup.cpp b/src/slic3r/GUI/DeviceTab/uiAMSBestPositionPopup.cpp
index 103584602f..a258a2178a 100644
--- a/src/slic3r/GUI/DeviceTab/uiAMSBestPositionPopup.cpp
+++ b/src/slic3r/GUI/DeviceTab/uiAMSBestPositionPopup.cpp
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 /* File: uiAMSBestPositionPopup.hpp
 *  Description: The popup with suggest best ams position
 *
-//**********************************************************/
+************************************************************/
 
 #include "uiAMSBestPositionPopup.hpp"
 
diff --git a/src/slic3r/GUI/DeviceTab/uiAMSBestPositionPopup.hpp b/src/slic3r/GUI/DeviceTab/uiAMSBestPositionPopup.hpp
index 427a5c6a73..18dd3c4301 100644
--- a/src/slic3r/GUI/DeviceTab/uiAMSBestPositionPopup.hpp
+++ b/src/slic3r/GUI/DeviceTab/uiAMSBestPositionPopup.hpp
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 /* File: uiAMSBestPositionPopup.hpp
 *  Description: The popup with suggest best ams position
 *
-//**********************************************************/
+************************************************************/
 
 #pragma once
 #include "slic3r/GUI/Widgets/AMSItem.hpp"
diff --git a/src/slic3r/GUI/DeviceTab/wgtDeviceNozzleRack.cpp b/src/slic3r/GUI/DeviceTab/wgtDeviceNozzleRack.cpp
index a62277a858..1e40a71150 100644
--- a/src/slic3r/GUI/DeviceTab/wgtDeviceNozzleRack.cpp
+++ b/src/slic3r/GUI/DeviceTab/wgtDeviceNozzleRack.cpp
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 *  \n class wgtDeviceNozzleRackNozzleItem;
 *  \n class wgtDeviceNozzleRackToolHead;
 *  \n class wgtDeviceNozzleRackPos;
-//**********************************************************/
+************************************************************/
 
 #include "wgtDeviceNozzleRack.h"
 #include "wgtDeviceNozzleRackUpdate.h"
diff --git a/src/slic3r/GUI/DeviceTab/wgtDeviceNozzleRack.h b/src/slic3r/GUI/DeviceTab/wgtDeviceNozzleRack.h
index fe12b8bc50..385fa6be48 100644
--- a/src/slic3r/GUI/DeviceTab/wgtDeviceNozzleRack.h
+++ b/src/slic3r/GUI/DeviceTab/wgtDeviceNozzleRack.h
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 *  \n class wgtDeviceNozzleRackNozzleItem;
 *  \n class wgtDeviceNozzleRackToolHead;
 *  \n class wgtDeviceNozzleRackPos;
-//**********************************************************/
+************************************************************/
 
 #pragma once
 #include "slic3r/GUI/DeviceCore/DevNozzleRack.h"
diff --git a/src/slic3r/GUI/DeviceTab/wgtDeviceNozzleRackUpdate.cpp b/src/slic3r/GUI/DeviceTab/wgtDeviceNozzleRackUpdate.cpp
index 2750ad6323..fac14e31d9 100644
--- a/src/slic3r/GUI/DeviceTab/wgtDeviceNozzleRackUpdate.cpp
+++ b/src/slic3r/GUI/DeviceTab/wgtDeviceNozzleRackUpdate.cpp
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 *  Description: The panel with rack updating
 *
 * \n class wgtDeviceNozzleRackUpdate
-//**********************************************************/
+************************************************************/
 
 #include "wgtDeviceNozzleRackUpdate.h"
 
diff --git a/src/slic3r/GUI/DeviceTab/wgtDeviceNozzleRackUpdate.h b/src/slic3r/GUI/DeviceTab/wgtDeviceNozzleRackUpdate.h
index 0fa07fd63a..8275638831 100644
--- a/src/slic3r/GUI/DeviceTab/wgtDeviceNozzleRackUpdate.h
+++ b/src/slic3r/GUI/DeviceTab/wgtDeviceNozzleRackUpdate.h
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 *  Description: The panel for updating hotends
 *
 *  \n class wgtDeviceNozzleRackUpdate
-//**********************************************************/
+************************************************************/
 
 #pragma once
 #include "slic3r/GUI/DeviceCore/DevNozzleRack.h"
diff --git a/src/slic3r/GUI/DeviceTab/wgtDeviceNozzleSelect.cpp b/src/slic3r/GUI/DeviceTab/wgtDeviceNozzleSelect.cpp
index 0d61cfd144..c383815f8c 100644
--- a/src/slic3r/GUI/DeviceTab/wgtDeviceNozzleSelect.cpp
+++ b/src/slic3r/GUI/DeviceTab/wgtDeviceNozzleSelect.cpp
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 *  Description: The panel to select nozzle
 *
 *  \n class wgtDeviceNozzleSelect;
-//**********************************************************/
+************************************************************/
 
 #include "wgtDeviceNozzleSelect.h"
 #include "wgtDeviceNozzleRack.h"
diff --git a/src/slic3r/GUI/DeviceTab/wgtDeviceNozzleSelect.h b/src/slic3r/GUI/DeviceTab/wgtDeviceNozzleSelect.h
index 3ff866f3a1..729d24a03d 100644
--- a/src/slic3r/GUI/DeviceTab/wgtDeviceNozzleSelect.h
+++ b/src/slic3r/GUI/DeviceTab/wgtDeviceNozzleSelect.h
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 *  Description: The panel to select nozzle
 *
 *  \n class wgtDeviceNozzleSelect;
-//**********************************************************/
+************************************************************/
 
 #pragma once
 
diff --git a/src/slic3r/GUI/GUI_Utils.hpp b/src/slic3r/GUI/GUI_Utils.hpp
index c93c40b066..85790516ee 100644
--- a/src/slic3r/GUI/GUI_Utils.hpp
+++ b/src/slic3r/GUI/GUI_Utils.hpp
@@ -155,6 +155,9 @@ public:
                 update_dark_config();
                 on_sys_color_changed();
                 event.Skip();
+#else
+                // Not calling Skip() is what stops the event propagating on Windows.
+                (void) this;
 #endif // __WINDOWS__
 
         });
diff --git a/src/slic3r/GUI/SelectMachine.cpp b/src/slic3r/GUI/SelectMachine.cpp
index 486be04243..2411967b0d 100644
--- a/src/slic3r/GUI/SelectMachine.cpp
+++ b/src/slic3r/GUI/SelectMachine.cpp
@@ -2847,7 +2847,7 @@ void SelectMachineDialog::on_ok_btn(wxCommandEvent &event)
             });
 
         // STUDIO-9580
-        /* use warning color if there are warning and normal messages* /
+        /* use warning color if there are warning and normal messages*/
         /* use indexes if there are several messages*/
         /* add header and ending if there are several messages or has none block warnings*/
         if (confirm_text.size() > 1 || !is_printing_block)
diff --git a/src/slic3r/GUI/Tabbook.hpp b/src/slic3r/GUI/Tabbook.hpp
index 87fd215327..b1301a5c23 100644
--- a/src/slic3r/GUI/Tabbook.hpp
+++ b/src/slic3r/GUI/Tabbook.hpp
@@ -36,7 +36,6 @@ public:
     TabButton*                      pageButton;
 
 private:
-    wxWindow*                       m_parent;
     wxFlexGridSizer*                m_buttons_sizer;
     wxBoxSizer*                     m_sizer;
     ScalableBitmap                  m_arrow_img;
@@ -400,8 +399,6 @@ private:
     unsigned m_showTimeout,
              m_hideTimeout;
 
-    TabButtonsListCtrl *m_ctrl{nullptr};
-
 };
 //#endif // _WIN32
 #endif // slic3r_Tabbook_hpp_
diff --git a/src/slic3r/GUI/Widgets/AMSItem.cpp b/src/slic3r/GUI/Widgets/AMSItem.cpp
index b6f335b580..27241450cb 100644
--- a/src/slic3r/GUI/Widgets/AMSItem.cpp
+++ b/src/slic3r/GUI/Widgets/AMSItem.cpp
@@ -2083,9 +2083,6 @@ void AMSRoad::OnPassRoad(std::vector<AMSPassRoadMode> prord_list)
     }
 }
 
-/*
-
-
 /*************************************************
 Description:AMSRoadUpPart
 **************************************************/

From 9dc9b4247520b8fe016738955ead7b9406dddcc3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Ian Bassi <ian.bassi@outlook.com>
Date: Wed, 26 Aug 2026 07:39:23 -0300
Subject: [PATCH 49/51] Pass closure state to fuzzy skin (#15378)

Update perimeter traversal to pass each extrusion's closed/open state into `apply_fuzzy_skin`. This lets fuzzy skin logic distinguish contours from closed loops when processing perimeters.

Co-authored-by: Rodrigo Faselli <162915171+RF47@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 src/libslic3r/PerimeterGenerator.cpp | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/src/libslic3r/PerimeterGenerator.cpp b/src/libslic3r/PerimeterGenerator.cpp
index 659a3a7038..9037118f0c 100644
--- a/src/libslic3r/PerimeterGenerator.cpp
+++ b/src/libslic3r/PerimeterGenerator.cpp
@@ -408,7 +408,7 @@ static ExtrusionEntityCollection traverse_extrusions(const PerimeterGenerator& p
         ExtrusionRole role = is_external ? erExternalPerimeter : erPerimeter;
 
         const bool  is_contour = !extrusion->is_closed || pg_extrusion.is_contour;
-        apply_fuzzy_skin(extrusion, perimeter_generator, is_contour);
+        apply_fuzzy_skin(extrusion, perimeter_generator, is_contour, extrusion->is_closed);
 
         ExtrusionPaths paths;
         // detect overhanging/bridging perimeters

From 5552ed6cf1383a58321b2196317fe0c69a78b1a6 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: SoftFever <softfeverever@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 26 Aug 2026 19:06:33 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 50/51] Keep mixed-color filaments intact when the extruder
 count changes (#15385)

* Keep mixed-color filaments intact when the extruder count changes

The extruder-count spinner resized the filament arrays in bulk at the tail,
which is where mixed-color slots live, so a new filament landed behind the
mix and the sidebar skipped a slot number. It now adds and removes one slot
at a time through the same calls the sidebar's +/- buttons use, so a new
slot opens ahead of the mixed tail and a removal renumbers object filament
ids, painted facets, custom g-code and mixed components rather than
clamping them away.

Drops the vector overload of set_num_filaments(), which this leaves without
callers.
---
 src/libslic3r/PresetBundle.cpp                |  84 ++------
 src/libslic3r/PresetBundle.hpp                |   7 +-
 src/slic3r/GUI/GUI_App.cpp                    |  14 +-
 src/slic3r/GUI/Plater.cpp                     |  11 +-
 src/slic3r/GUI/Tab.cpp                        |  32 +--
 .../libslic3r/test_preset_bundle_loading.cpp  | 186 ++++++++++++++++++
 6 files changed, 246 insertions(+), 88 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/libslic3r/PresetBundle.cpp b/src/libslic3r/PresetBundle.cpp
index f92bb354ee..53524887a9 100644
--- a/src/libslic3r/PresetBundle.cpp
+++ b/src/libslic3r/PresetBundle.cpp
@@ -3190,63 +3190,6 @@ void PresetBundle::export_selections(AppConfig &config)
     BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(info) << __FUNCTION__ << boost::format(": printer %1%, print %2%, filaments[0] %3% ")%printers.get_selected_preset_name() % prints.get_selected_preset_name() %filament_presets[0];
 }
 
-// BBS
-void PresetBundle::set_num_filaments(unsigned int n, std::vector<std::string> new_colors) {
-    int old_filament_count = this->filament_presets.size();
-    if (n > old_filament_count && old_filament_count != 0)
-        filament_presets.resize(n, filament_presets.back());
-    else {
-        filament_presets.resize(n);
-    }
-    ConfigOptionStrings* filament_color = project_config.option<ConfigOptionStrings>("filament_colour");
-    ConfigOptionStrings *filament_multi_color = project_config.option<ConfigOptionStrings>("filament_multi_colour");
-    ConfigOptionStrings* filament_color_type = project_config.option<ConfigOptionStrings>("filament_colour_type");
-    ConfigOptionInts* filament_map = project_config.option<ConfigOptionInts>("filament_map");
-    ConfigOptionInts* filament_nozzle_map = project_config.option<ConfigOptionInts>("filament_nozzle_map");
-    ConfigOptionInts* filament_volume_map = project_config.option<ConfigOptionInts>("filament_volume_map");
-
-    filament_color->resize(n);
-    // Sync filament multi colour
-    filament_multi_color->values.resize(n);
-    for (size_t i = 0; i < n; i++) {
-        filament_multi_color->values[i] = filament_color->values[i];
-    }
-    filament_color_type->resize(n);
-    filament_map->values.resize(n, 1);
-    filament_nozzle_map->values.resize(n, 0);
-    filament_volume_map->values.resize(n, static_cast<int>(NozzleVolumeType::nvtStandard));
-    ams_multi_color_filment.resize(n);
-
-    // Mixed-color metadata is a parallel per-filament array set, so it has to grow and shrink
-    // with the filament count exactly like filament_colour above.
-    if (auto* opt = project_config.option<ConfigOptionBools>("filament_is_mixed"))
-        opt->values.resize(n, false);
-    if (auto* opt = project_config.option<ConfigOptionStrings>("filament_mixed_components"))
-        opt->values.resize(n, std::string{});
-    if (auto* opt = project_config.option<ConfigOptionStrings>("filament_mixed_sublayer_ratios"))
-        opt->values.resize(n, std::string{});
-    if (auto* opt = project_config.option<ConfigOptionBools>("filament_mixed_gradient"))
-        opt->values.resize(n, false);
-    if (auto* opt = project_config.option<ConfigOptionStrings>("filament_mixed_gradient_range"))
-        opt->values.resize(n, std::string{});
-    if (auto* opt = project_config.option<ConfigOptionStrings>("filament_mixed_gradient_curve"))
-        opt->values.resize(n, std::string{});
-    if (auto* opt = project_config.option<ConfigOptionBools>("filament_mixed_gradient_per_part"))
-        opt->values.resize(n, false);
-
-    // BBS set new filament color to new_color
-    if (old_filament_count < n) {
-        if (!new_colors.empty()) {
-            for (int i = old_filament_count; i < n; i++) {
-                filament_color->values[i] = new_colors[i - old_filament_count];
-                filament_multi_color->values[i] = new_colors[i - old_filament_count];
-                filament_color_type->values[i]  = "1";  // default color type
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    update_multi_material_filament_presets();
-}
 void PresetBundle::set_num_filaments(unsigned int n, std::string new_color)
 {
     unsigned old_filament_count = this->filament_presets.size();
@@ -3262,6 +3205,11 @@ void PresetBundle::set_num_filaments(unsigned int n, std::string new_color)
     ConfigOptionInts* filament_nozzle_map = project_config.option<ConfigOptionInts>("filament_nozzle_map");
     ConfigOptionInts* filament_volume_map = project_config.option<ConfigOptionInts>("filament_volume_map");
 
+    // Which slots are new is a fact about the arrays below, not about filament_presets:
+    // update_multi_material_filament_presets() tops that list up to the nozzle count on its own,
+    // so it can already sit at the new size while every array below is still at the old one.
+    const size_t old_slot_count = filament_color->values.size();
+
     filament_color->resize(n);
     // Sync filament multi colour
     filament_multi_color->values.resize(n);
@@ -3292,13 +3240,11 @@ void PresetBundle::set_num_filaments(unsigned int n, std::string new_color)
         opt->values.resize(n, false);
 
     //BBS set new filament color to new_color
-    if (old_filament_count < n) {
-        if (!new_color.empty()) {
-            for (unsigned i = old_filament_count; i < n; i++) {
-                filament_color->values[i] = new_color;
-                filament_multi_color->values[i] = new_color;
-                filament_color_type->values[i]  = "1";  // default color type
-            }
+    if (!new_color.empty()) {
+        for (size_t i = old_slot_count; i < n; i++) {
+            filament_color->values[i] = new_color;
+            filament_multi_color->values[i] = new_color;
+            filament_color_type->values[i]  = "1";  // default color type
         }
     }
 
@@ -3407,6 +3353,16 @@ size_t PresetBundle::num_mixed_filaments() const
     return opt == nullptr ? 0 : size_t(std::count(opt->values.begin(), opt->values.end(), true));
 }
 
+// Counted off the mixed flags, not filament_presets: that list is topped up to the nozzle count on
+// its own, so it can sit a slot ahead of the arrays that describe slots. Unlike the sibling
+// physical_filament_config_indices(), which bounds by filament_presets, this ignores that top-up.
+size_t PresetBundle::num_physical_filaments() const
+{
+    const auto *opt = project_config.option<ConfigOptionBools>("filament_is_mixed");
+    return opt == nullptr ? filament_presets.size()
+                          : size_t(std::count(opt->values.begin(), opt->values.end(), false));
+}
+
 std::vector<size_t> PresetBundle::physical_filament_config_indices() const
 {
     std::vector<size_t> indices;
diff --git a/src/libslic3r/PresetBundle.hpp b/src/libslic3r/PresetBundle.hpp
index c3e7dd4441..6e7e07b26e 100644
--- a/src/libslic3r/PresetBundle.hpp
+++ b/src/libslic3r/PresetBundle.hpp
@@ -326,8 +326,9 @@ public:
     // Export selections (current print, current filaments, current printer) into config.ini
     void            export_selections(AppConfig &config);
 
-    // BBS
-    void            set_num_filaments(unsigned int n, std::vector<std::string> new_colors);
+    // n is the total slot count, and growth appends at the raw tail - which is where the mixed
+    // slots live. A caller adding physical filaments has to add num_mixed_filaments() on top and
+    // then move the new slots ahead of the mixed tail, as Sidebar::add_custom_filament does.
     void            set_num_filaments(unsigned int n, std::string new_col = "");
     void         update_num_filaments(unsigned int to_del_flament_id);
 
@@ -503,6 +504,8 @@ public:
     // How many slots are mixed. They sit at the tail of the filament list and have no nozzle of
     // their own, so any resize driven by the printer's extruder count has to add this on top.
     size_t                      num_mixed_filaments() const;
+    // How many slots hold a real filament, i.e. everything ahead of the mixed tail.
+    size_t                      num_physical_filaments() const;
 
     void                        on_extruders_count_changed(int extruder_count);
 
diff --git a/src/slic3r/GUI/GUI_App.cpp b/src/slic3r/GUI/GUI_App.cpp
index 738af5e24c..223829f435 100644
--- a/src/slic3r/GUI/GUI_App.cpp
+++ b/src/slic3r/GUI/GUI_App.cpp
@@ -8906,10 +8906,16 @@ void GUI_App::load_current_presets(bool active_preset_combox/*= false*/, bool ch
         auto* nozzle_diameter = edited_printer_preset.config.option<ConfigOptionFloats>("nozzle_diameter");
         if (nozzle_diameter) {
             // Mixed-color slots are virtual filaments kept at the tail of the list, so they have no
-            // nozzle of their own. Sizing to the nozzle count alone would silently drop the mixes of
-            // a just-loaded project, and update_extruder_count() would then strip the facets painted
-            // with them.
-            preset_bundle->set_num_filaments(nozzle_diameter->values.size() + preset_bundle->num_mixed_filaments());
+            // nozzle of their own and the count has to allow for them. Only ever grow: this sizes
+            // the list so the combo boxes have something to bind to, and set_num_filaments() trims
+            // at the raw tail, so shrinking here would eat the mixes rather than the surplus
+            // physical slots. A list longer than the nozzle count is a state the app reaches
+            // legitimately - raising the extruder count and not saving the printer preset leaves
+            // exactly that on the next start - and losing the project's mixes to it is worse than
+            // carrying a filament the printer has no nozzle for until the count is next changed.
+            const size_t target = nozzle_diameter->values.size() + preset_bundle->num_mixed_filaments();
+            if (target > preset_bundle->filament_presets.size())
+                preset_bundle->set_num_filaments(target);
         }
     }
 	this->plater()->set_printer_technology(printer_technology);
diff --git a/src/slic3r/GUI/Plater.cpp b/src/slic3r/GUI/Plater.cpp
index 79ebd38716..7d3fc4307f 100644
--- a/src/slic3r/GUI/Plater.cpp
+++ b/src/slic3r/GUI/Plater.cpp
@@ -5506,12 +5506,15 @@ void Sidebar::add_custom_filament(wxColour new_col, const std::string& preset_na
 
     // Mixed-color slots are kept at the tail of the filament arrays, so a new physical
     // filament has to be inserted just after the last physical one rather than appended.
-    // total == every slot (physical + mixed); insert_pos == the physical slot count.
-    size_t      total          = wxGetApp().preset_bundle->filament_presets.size();
-    size_t      insert_pos     = p->combos_filament.size();
+    // Count off filament_is_mixed, not filament_presets or the combos: the extruder-count spinner
+    // reaches this before the sidebar has rebuilt, and update_multi_material_filament_presets()
+    // can have grown filament_presets alone.
+    auto       *bundle         = wxGetApp().preset_bundle;
+    size_t      insert_pos     = bundle->num_physical_filaments();
+    size_t      total          = insert_pos + bundle->num_mixed_filaments();
     int         filament_count = (int)(total + 1);
     std::string new_color      = new_col.GetAsString(wxC2S_HTML_SYNTAX).ToStdString();
-    wxGetApp().preset_bundle->set_num_filaments(filament_count, new_color);
+    bundle->set_num_filaments(filament_count, new_color);
 
     // Maintain physical-first ordering: rotate the new slot from end to insert_pos.
     // No mixed slots -> insert_pos == total -> every rotate below is a no-op.
diff --git a/src/slic3r/GUI/Tab.cpp b/src/slic3r/GUI/Tab.cpp
index dc7ccb7284..ef5ff29af1 100644
--- a/src/slic3r/GUI/Tab.cpp
+++ b/src/slic3r/GUI/Tab.cpp
@@ -2174,21 +2174,25 @@ void Tab::on_value_change(const std::string& opt_key, const boost::any& value)
 
     //Orca: sync filament num if it's a multi tool printer
     if (opt_key == "extruders_count" && !m_config->opt_bool("single_extruder_multi_material")){
-        auto num_extruder = boost::any_cast<size_t>(value);
-        int         old_filament_size = wxGetApp().preset_bundle->filament_presets.size();
-        std::vector<std::string> new_colors;
-        for (int i = old_filament_size; i < num_extruder; ++i) {
-            wxColour    new_col   = Plater::get_next_color_for_filament();
-            std::string new_color = new_col.GetAsString(wxC2S_HTML_SYNTAX).ToStdString();
-            new_colors.push_back(new_color);
+        const size_t num_extruder = boost::any_cast<size_t>(value);
+        auto        *bundle       = wxGetApp().preset_bundle;
+        Sidebar     &sidebar      = wxGetApp().plater()->sidebar();
+        // A tool changer feeds filament N from nozzle N, so the extruder count sizes the physical
+        // run only; mixed slots are virtual and keep the tail. Go one slot at a time through the
+        // sidebar's own +/- calls: they insert ahead of the mixed tail and renumber filament ids,
+        // painted facets, custom g-code and mixed components, which a bulk resize clamps away.
+        // Both also refresh the print tab and export the selections, so nothing to do afterwards.
+        size_t physical = bundle->num_physical_filaments();
+        while (physical != num_extruder) {
+            if (physical < num_extruder)
+                sidebar.add_custom_filament(Plater::get_next_color_for_filament());
+            else
+                sidebar.delete_filament(physical - 1);   // physical > num_extruder >= 1
+            const size_t updated = bundle->num_physical_filaments();
+            if (updated == physical)
+                break;   // the call declined, e.g. the total slot limit - do not spin
+            physical = updated;
         }
-        // Mixed-color slots are virtual filaments at the tail of the list with no nozzle of their
-        // own, so they are carried on top of the new extruder count instead of being truncated.
-        const size_t total_filaments = num_extruder + wxGetApp().preset_bundle->num_mixed_filaments();
-        wxGetApp().preset_bundle->set_num_filaments(total_filaments, new_colors);
-        wxGetApp().plater()->on_filament_count_change(total_filaments);
-        wxGetApp().get_tab(Preset::TYPE_PRINT)->update();
-        wxGetApp().preset_bundle->export_selections(*wxGetApp().app_config);
     }
 
     //Orca: disable purge_in_prime_tower if single_extruder_multi_material is disabled
diff --git a/tests/libslic3r/test_preset_bundle_loading.cpp b/tests/libslic3r/test_preset_bundle_loading.cpp
index ea05ec0cf5..55c18bfa9e 100644
--- a/tests/libslic3r/test_preset_bundle_loading.cpp
+++ b/tests/libslic3r/test_preset_bundle_loading.cpp
@@ -704,3 +704,189 @@ TEST_CASE("Sizing the filament list to a multi-tool nozzle count keeps mixed slo
         CHECK(bundle.num_mixed_filaments() == 0);
     }
 }
+
+// The nozzle-count top-up in update_multi_material_filament_presets() grows filament_presets on
+// its own, so a physical count derived from that list reports a slot no per-filament array has
+// yet. That is what made the extruder-count handler conclude there was nothing to add and leave
+// the new sidebar combo with no colour to draw.
+TEST_CASE("The physical filament count is not fooled by a lone filament_presets top-up", "[Preset][Bundle][FilamentMixer]")
+{
+    PresetBundle bundle;
+
+    SECTION("no mixed slots") {
+        bundle.set_num_filaments(4u, std::string("#FF0000"));
+        bundle.printers.get_edited_preset().config.option<ConfigOptionFloats>("nozzle_diameter", true)->values =
+            { 0.4, 0.4, 0.4, 0.4, 0.4 };
+        bundle.update_multi_material_filament_presets();
+
+        REQUIRE(bundle.filament_presets.size() == 5);   // the top-up moved this list on its own
+        REQUIRE(bundle.project_config.option<ConfigOptionStrings>("filament_colour")->values.size() == 4);
+        CHECK(bundle.num_physical_filaments() == 4);
+    }
+
+    SECTION("behind a mixed tail") {
+        bundle.set_num_filaments(5u, std::string("#FF0000"));
+        bundle.project_config.option<ConfigOptionBools>("filament_is_mixed")->values =
+            { false, false, false, false, true };
+        bundle.printers.get_edited_preset().config.option<ConfigOptionFloats>("nozzle_diameter", true)->values =
+            { 0.4, 0.4, 0.4, 0.4, 0.4, 0.4 };
+        bundle.update_multi_material_filament_presets();
+
+        REQUIRE(bundle.filament_presets.size() == 6);
+        REQUIRE(bundle.project_config.option<ConfigOptionStrings>("filament_colour")->values.size() == 5);
+        CHECK(bundle.num_physical_filaments() == 4);
+        CHECK(bundle.num_mixed_filaments() == 1);
+    }
+}
+
+// Which slots are new is a fact about the per-filament arrays, not about filament_presets, for the
+// same reason. Keyed off the wrong one, a freshly opened slot silently keeps filament 1's colour.
+TEST_CASE("New filament colours are placed by array position", "[Preset][Bundle][FilamentMixer]")
+{
+    PresetBundle bundle;
+    bundle.set_num_filaments(4u, std::string("#FF0000"));
+    bundle.printers.get_edited_preset().config.option<ConfigOptionFloats>("nozzle_diameter", true)->values =
+        { 0.4, 0.4, 0.4, 0.4, 0.4 };
+    bundle.update_multi_material_filament_presets();
+    REQUIRE(bundle.filament_presets.size() == 5);
+    REQUIRE(bundle.project_config.option<ConfigOptionStrings>("filament_colour")->values.size() == 4);
+
+    // The call Sidebar::add_custom_filament makes once the extruder count opens a slot.
+    bundle.set_num_filaments(5u, std::string("#00FF00"));
+
+    const auto &colours = bundle.project_config.option<ConfigOptionStrings>("filament_colour")->values;
+    REQUIRE(colours.size() == 5);
+    CHECK(colours[4] == "#00FF00");   // not colours[0], which resize() would have padded with
+}
+
+// The mixed-slot flags are written into the app config on exit and read back on the next start.
+// If the read side loses them the slots survive as filaments but stop being mixes, so the project
+// comes back with the mix showing as an ordinary physical filament.
+TEST_CASE("A saved mix is still a mix after an app restart", "[Preset][Bundle][FilamentMixer]")
+{
+    AppConfig app_config;
+
+    // Last session: a 4-tool project carrying one mix of filaments 2 and 3 at the tail.
+    {
+        PresetBundle bundle;
+        add_inmemory_preset(bundle.printers, "Test Printer");
+        bundle.printers.select_preset_by_name("Test Printer", true);
+        add_inmemory_preset(bundle.filaments, "Test Filament");
+        bundle.filaments.select_preset_by_name("Test Filament", true);
+        bundle.set_num_filaments(5u, std::string("#FF0000"));
+        bundle.filament_presets.assign(5, "Test Filament");
+        bundle.project_config.option<ConfigOptionBools>("filament_is_mixed")->values =
+            { false, false, false, false, true };
+        bundle.project_config.option<ConfigOptionStrings>("filament_mixed_components")->values =
+            { "", "", "", "", "2,3" };
+        bundle.export_selections(app_config);
+
+        REQUIRE(app_config.get_printer_setting("Test Printer", "filament_is_mixed") == "0,0,0,0,1");
+    }
+
+    // This session.
+    PresetBundle bundle;
+    add_inmemory_preset(bundle.printers, "Test Printer");
+    add_inmemory_preset(bundle.filaments, "Test Filament");
+    bundle.load_selections(app_config);
+
+    CHECK(bundle.filament_presets.size() == 5);
+    CHECK(bundle.num_mixed_filaments() == 1);
+    CHECK(bundle.is_mixed_filament(4));
+    CHECK(bundle.project_config.option<ConfigOptionStrings>("filament_mixed_components")->values[4] == "2,3");
+}
+
+// The same restart, on the printer shape that actually shows the bug: a 4-tool changer whose
+// saved filament list is one longer than its nozzle count, because the extra slot is the mix.
+TEST_CASE("A saved mix survives a restart on a multi-tool printer", "[Preset][Bundle][FilamentMixer]")
+{
+    auto make_toolchanger = [](PresetBundle &bundle) -> Preset & {
+        Preset &p = add_inmemory_preset(bundle.printers, "Tool Changer");
+        p.config.option<ConfigOptionFloats>("nozzle_diameter", true)->values = { 0.4, 0.4, 0.4, 0.4 };
+        p.config.option<ConfigOptionBool>("single_extruder_multi_material", true)->value = false;
+        return p;
+    };
+
+    AppConfig app_config;
+    {
+        PresetBundle bundle;
+        make_toolchanger(bundle);
+        bundle.printers.select_preset_by_name("Tool Changer", true);
+        add_inmemory_preset(bundle.filaments, "Test Filament");
+        bundle.filaments.select_preset_by_name("Test Filament", true);
+        bundle.set_num_filaments(5u, std::string("#FF0000"));
+        bundle.filament_presets.assign(5, "Test Filament");
+        bundle.project_config.option<ConfigOptionBools>("filament_is_mixed")->values =
+            { false, false, false, false, true };
+        bundle.project_config.option<ConfigOptionStrings>("filament_mixed_components")->values =
+            { "", "", "", "", "1,2" };
+        bundle.export_selections(app_config);
+        REQUIRE(app_config.get_printer_setting("Tool Changer", "filament_is_mixed") == "0,0,0,0,1");
+    }
+
+    PresetBundle bundle;
+    make_toolchanger(bundle);
+    add_inmemory_preset(bundle.filaments, "Test Filament");
+    bundle.load_selections(app_config);
+
+    CHECK(bundle.filament_presets.size() == 5);
+    CHECK(bundle.num_mixed_filaments() == 1);
+    CHECK(bundle.is_mixed_filament(4));
+
+    SECTION("and through the GUI startup calls that follow it") {
+        // GUI_App::load_current_presets sizes the list for a non-SEMM printer, growing only.
+        const size_t target = 4u + bundle.num_mixed_filaments();
+        if (target > bundle.filament_presets.size())
+            bundle.set_num_filaments(target);
+        CHECK(bundle.num_mixed_filaments() == 1);
+
+        // TabPrinter::extruders_count_changed.
+        bundle.on_extruders_count_changed(4);
+        CHECK(bundle.num_mixed_filaments() == 1);
+
+        // Tab::select_preset re-reads the snapshot when remember_printer_config is on.
+        bundle.update_selections(app_config);
+        CHECK(bundle.filament_presets.size() == 5);
+        CHECK(bundle.num_mixed_filaments() == 1);
+        CHECK(bundle.is_mixed_filament(4));
+    }
+}
+
+// The startup sizing in GUI_App::load_current_presets targets the nozzle count plus the mixes.
+// That is a floor, never a ceiling: set_num_filaments() trims at the raw tail, which is exactly
+// where the mixes live, so applying the target to a longer list deletes them. A list longer than
+// the target is reachable - raising the extruder count without saving the printer preset leaves
+// the extra physical slot behind on the next start - so the startup sizing must only ever grow.
+TEST_CASE("Sizing down to the nozzle count plus mixes is what eats the mixed tail", "[Preset][Bundle][FilamentMixer]")
+{
+    // 5 physical + 1 mix, on a printer preset still reporting 4 nozzles.
+    const size_t nozzle_count = 4;
+    PresetBundle bundle;
+    bundle.set_num_filaments(6u, std::string("#FF0000"));
+    bundle.project_config.option<ConfigOptionBools>("filament_is_mixed")->values =
+        { false, false, false, false, false, true };
+    bundle.project_config.option<ConfigOptionStrings>("filament_mixed_components")->values =
+        { "", "", "", "", "", "1,2" };
+    REQUIRE(bundle.num_physical_filaments() == 5);
+
+    const size_t target = nozzle_count + bundle.num_mixed_filaments();
+    REQUIRE(target < bundle.filament_presets.size());
+
+    SECTION("applied as written, the mix is gone and every slot reads physical") {
+        bundle.set_num_filaments(target);
+
+        CHECK(bundle.filament_presets.size() == target);
+        CHECK(bundle.num_mixed_filaments() == 0);
+        CHECK(bundle.num_physical_filaments() == target);
+    }
+
+    SECTION("applied as a floor, the mix is left alone") {
+        if (target > bundle.filament_presets.size())
+            bundle.set_num_filaments(target);
+
+        CHECK(bundle.filament_presets.size() == 6);
+        CHECK(bundle.num_mixed_filaments() == 1);
+        CHECK(bundle.is_mixed_filament(5));
+        CHECK(bundle.project_config.option<ConfigOptionStrings>("filament_mixed_components")->values[5] == "1,2");
+    }
+}

From 142c63ab0e4a22c9be18d67752f9779d75c98bf5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Kris Austin <kris.austin@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 26 Aug 2026 17:14:30 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 51/51] build: clear 143 -Woverloaded-virtual warnings in GUI
 widgets (#15377)

---
 .../GUI/CalibrationWizardPresetPage.cpp       |  2 +-
 src/slic3r/GUI/Plater.cpp                     |  4 +--
 src/slic3r/GUI/Widgets/AMSControl.cpp         |  6 ++--
 src/slic3r/GUI/Widgets/AMSItem.cpp            | 35 ++++++++-----------
 src/slic3r/GUI/Widgets/AMSItem.hpp            | 14 ++++----
 src/slic3r/GUI/Widgets/ScrolledWindow.cpp     | 11 ------
 src/slic3r/GUI/Widgets/ScrolledWindow.hpp     |  1 -
 7 files changed, 28 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/slic3r/GUI/CalibrationWizardPresetPage.cpp b/src/slic3r/GUI/CalibrationWizardPresetPage.cpp
index db97354ad1..5267715439 100644
--- a/src/slic3r/GUI/CalibrationWizardPresetPage.cpp
+++ b/src/slic3r/GUI/CalibrationWizardPresetPage.cpp
@@ -1015,7 +1015,7 @@ wxBoxSizer* CalibrationPresetPage::create_ams_items_sizer(MachineObject* obj, wx
     auto ams_items_sizer = new wxBoxSizer(wxHORIZONTAL);
     for (auto &info : ams_info) {
         auto preview_ams_item = new AMSPreview(ams_preview_panel, wxID_ANY, info, info.ams_type);
-        preview_ams_item->Update(info);
+        preview_ams_item->UpdateInfo(info);
         preview_ams_item->Open();
         ams_preview_list.push_back(preview_ams_item);
         std::string ams_id = preview_ams_item->get_ams_id();
diff --git a/src/slic3r/GUI/Plater.cpp b/src/slic3r/GUI/Plater.cpp
index 7d3fc4307f..e1a98cdbf8 100644
--- a/src/slic3r/GUI/Plater.cpp
+++ b/src/slic3r/GUI/Plater.cpp
@@ -1467,12 +1467,12 @@ void ExtruderGroup::update_ams()
     size_t left  = 4;
     size_t index = 0;
     for (size_t i = i4; i < ams_n4 && left > 0; ++i, ++index, left -= 2) {
-        ams[index]->Update(i < ams_4.size() ? ams_4[i] : info4);
+        ams[index]->UpdateInfo(i < ams_4.size() ? ams_4[i] : info4);
         ams[index]->Refresh();
         ams[index]->Open();
     }
     for (size_t i = i1; i < ams_n1 && left > 0; ++i, ++index, --left) {
-        ams[index]->Update(i < ams_1.size() ? ams_1[i] : info1);
+        ams[index]->UpdateInfo(i < ams_1.size() ? ams_1[i] : info1);
         ams[index]->Refresh();
         ams[index]->Open();
     }
diff --git a/src/slic3r/GUI/Widgets/AMSControl.cpp b/src/slic3r/GUI/Widgets/AMSControl.cpp
index efcca12a05..41f14b6a11 100644
--- a/src/slic3r/GUI/Widgets/AMSControl.cpp
+++ b/src/slic3r/GUI/Widgets/AMSControl.cpp
@@ -984,7 +984,7 @@ void AMSControl::UpdateAms(const std::string   &series_name,
             if (cans->get_ams_id() == std::to_string(VIRTUAL_TRAY_MAIN_ID) || cans->get_ams_id() == std::to_string(VIRTUAL_TRAY_DEPUTY_ID)) {
                 for (auto ifo : m_ext_info) {
                     if (ifo.ams_id == ams_id) {
-                        cans->Update(ifo);
+                        cans->UpdateInfo(ifo);
                         cans->show_sn_value(m_ams_model == AMSModel::AMS_LITE ? false : true);
                     }
                 }
@@ -992,7 +992,7 @@ void AMSControl::UpdateAms(const std::string   &series_name,
             else{
                 for (auto ifo : m_ams_info) {
                     if (ifo.ams_id == ams_id) {
-                        cans->Update(ifo);
+                        cans->UpdateInfo(ifo);
                         cans->show_sn_value(m_ams_model == AMSModel::AMS_LITE ? false : true);
                     }
                 }
@@ -1015,7 +1015,7 @@ void AMSControl::UpdateAms(const std::string   &series_name,
             std::string id = ams_prv.second->get_ams_id();
             auto item = m_ams_item_list.find(id);
             if (item != m_ams_item_list.end())
-            { ams_prv.second->Update(item->second->get_ams_info());
+            { ams_prv.second->UpdateInfo(item->second->get_ams_info());
             }
         }
     }
diff --git a/src/slic3r/GUI/Widgets/AMSItem.cpp b/src/slic3r/GUI/Widgets/AMSItem.cpp
index 27241450cb..f99e5f49fd 100644
--- a/src/slic3r/GUI/Widgets/AMSItem.cpp
+++ b/src/slic3r/GUI/Widgets/AMSItem.cpp
@@ -325,7 +325,7 @@ AMSrefresh::AMSrefresh(wxWindow *parent, std::string ams_id, wxString can_id, Ca
     m_can_id = can_id.ToStdString();
     create(parent, wxID_ANY, pos, size);
 
-    Update(ams_id, info);
+    UpdateInfo(ams_id, info);
 }
 
 AMSrefresh::AMSrefresh(wxWindow *parent, std::string ams_id, int can_id, Caninfo info, const wxPoint &pos, const wxSize &size) : AMSrefresh()
@@ -333,7 +333,7 @@ AMSrefresh::AMSrefresh(wxWindow *parent, std::string ams_id, int can_id, Caninfo
     m_can_id = wxString::Format("%d", can_id).ToStdString();
     create(parent, wxID_ANY, pos, size);
 
-    Update(ams_id, info);
+    UpdateInfo(ams_id, info);
 }
 
  AMSrefresh::~AMSrefresh()
@@ -482,7 +482,7 @@ void AMSrefresh::paintEvent(wxPaintEvent &evt)
     dc.DrawText(m_refresh_id, pot);
 }
 
-void AMSrefresh::Update(std::string ams_id, Caninfo info)
+void AMSrefresh::UpdateInfo(std::string ams_id, Caninfo info)
 {
     if (m_ams_id == ams_id && m_info == info)
     {
@@ -945,7 +945,7 @@ AMSLib::AMSLib(wxWindow *parent, std::string ams_idx, Caninfo info, AMSModelOrig
     Bind(wxEVT_LEAVE_WINDOW, &AMSLib::on_leave_window, this);
     Bind(wxEVT_LEFT_DOWN, &AMSLib::on_left_down, this);
 
-    Update(info, ams_idx, false);
+    UpdateInfo(info, ams_idx, false);
 }
 
 AMSLib::~AMSLib()
@@ -1730,7 +1730,7 @@ void AMSLib::on_pass_road(bool pass)
     }
 }
 
-void AMSLib::Update(Caninfo info, std::string ams_idx, bool refresh)
+void AMSLib::UpdateInfo(Caninfo info, std::string ams_idx, bool refresh)
 {
     DeviceManager* dev = Slic3r::GUI::wxGetApp().getDeviceManager();
     if (!dev) return;
@@ -1868,7 +1868,7 @@ AMSRoad::AMSRoad(wxWindow *parent, wxWindowID id, Caninfo info, int canindex, in
 
 void AMSRoad::create(wxWindow *parent, wxWindowID id, const wxPoint &pos, const wxSize &size) { wxWindow::Create(parent, id, pos, size); }
 
-void AMSRoad::Update(AMSinfo amsinfo, Caninfo info, int canindex, int maxcan)
+void AMSRoad::UpdateInfo(AMSinfo amsinfo, Caninfo info, int canindex, int maxcan)
 {
     m_amsinfo = amsinfo;
     m_info     = info;
@@ -2121,7 +2121,7 @@ void AMSRoadUpPart::create(wxWindow* parent, wxWindowID id, const wxPoint& pos,
     Refresh();
 }
 
-void AMSRoadUpPart::Update(AMSinfo amsinfo)
+void AMSRoadUpPart::UpdateInfo(AMSinfo amsinfo)
 {
     if (m_amsinfo != amsinfo)
     {
@@ -2613,7 +2613,7 @@ void AMSPreview::Close()
     Hide();
 }
 
-void AMSPreview::Update(AMSinfo amsinfo)
+void AMSPreview::UpdateInfo(AMSinfo amsinfo)
 {
     if (m_amsinfo == amsinfo)
     {
@@ -2951,7 +2951,7 @@ AMSHumidity::AMSHumidity(wxWindow* parent, wxWindowID id, AMSinfo info, const wx
         }
         });
 
-    Update(info);
+    UpdateInfo(info);
 }
 
 void AMSHumidity::create(wxWindow* parent, wxWindowID id, const wxPoint& pos, const wxSize& size) {
@@ -2960,7 +2960,7 @@ void AMSHumidity::create(wxWindow* parent, wxWindowID id, const wxPoint& pos, co
 }
 
 
-void AMSHumidity::Update(AMSinfo amsinfo)
+void AMSHumidity::UpdateInfo(AMSinfo amsinfo)
 {
     if (m_amsinfo != amsinfo)
     {
@@ -3377,7 +3377,7 @@ void AmsItem::AddLiteCan(Caninfo caninfo, int canindex, wxGridSizer* sizer)
     //m_can_road_list[caninfo.can_id] = m_panel_road;
 }
 
-void AmsItem::Update(AMSinfo info)
+void AmsItem::UpdateInfo(AMSinfo info)
 {
     if (m_info == info)
     {
@@ -3389,7 +3389,7 @@ void AmsItem::Update(AMSinfo info)
 
     if (m_humidity)
     {
-        m_humidity->Update(m_info);
+        m_humidity->UpdateInfo(m_info);
     }
 
     for (int i = 0; i < m_can_count; i++) {
@@ -3398,7 +3398,7 @@ void AmsItem::Update(AMSinfo info)
 
         auto refresh = it->second;
         if (refresh != nullptr){
-            refresh->Update(info.ams_id, info.cans[i]);
+            refresh->UpdateInfo(info.ams_id, info.cans[i]);
             refresh->Show();
         }
     }
@@ -3407,7 +3407,7 @@ void AmsItem::Update(AMSinfo info)
         AMSLib* lib = m_can_lib_list[std::to_string(i)];
         if (lib != nullptr){
             if (i < m_can_count){
-                lib->Update(info.cans[i], info.ams_id);
+                lib->UpdateInfo(info.cans[i], info.ams_id);
                 lib->Show();
             }
             else{
@@ -3416,12 +3416,7 @@ void AmsItem::Update(AMSinfo info)
         }
     }
     if (m_panel_road != nullptr){
-        m_panel_road->Update(m_info);
-    }
-
-    if (true || m_ams_model == AMSModel::GENERIC_AMS) {
-        /*m_panel_road->Update(m_info, info.cans[0]);
-        m_panel_road->Show();*/
+        m_panel_road->UpdateInfo(m_info);
     }
 
     Layout();
diff --git a/src/slic3r/GUI/Widgets/AMSItem.hpp b/src/slic3r/GUI/Widgets/AMSItem.hpp
index bed57e7d39..d7dc26a741 100644
--- a/src/slic3r/GUI/Widgets/AMSItem.hpp
+++ b/src/slic3r/GUI/Widgets/AMSItem.hpp
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ public:
     ~AMSrefresh();
 
 public:
-    void        Update(std::string ams_id, Caninfo info);
+    void        UpdateInfo(std::string ams_id, Caninfo info);
 
     std::string GetCanId() const { return m_info.can_id; };
 
@@ -492,7 +492,7 @@ public:
     AMSModel     m_ams_model;
     AMSModelOriginType m_ext_type = { AMSModelOriginType::GENERIC_EXT };
 
-    void         Update(Caninfo info, std::string ams_idx, bool refresh = true);
+    void         UpdateInfo(Caninfo info, std::string ams_idx, bool refresh = true);
     void         UnableSelected() { m_unable_selected = true; };
     void         EableSelected() { m_unable_selected = false; };
     void         OnSelected();
@@ -581,7 +581,7 @@ public:
     double                       m_radius         = {4};
     wxColour                     m_road_def_color;
     wxColour                     m_road_color;
-    void                         Update(AMSinfo amsinfo, Caninfo info, int canindex, int maxcan);
+    void                         UpdateInfo(AMSinfo amsinfo, Caninfo info, int canindex, int maxcan);
 
     std::vector<ScalableBitmap> ams_humidity_img;
 
@@ -614,7 +614,7 @@ public:
     void create(wxWindow* parent, wxWindowID id = wxID_ANY, const wxPoint& pos = wxDefaultPosition, const wxSize& size = wxDefaultSize);
 
 public:
-    void Update(AMSinfo amsinfo);
+    void UpdateInfo(AMSinfo amsinfo);
 
     void OnVamsLoading(bool load, wxColour col = AMS_CONTROL_GRAY500);
     void SetPassRoadColour(wxColour col);
@@ -715,7 +715,7 @@ public:
     void Open();
     void Close();
 
-    void         Update(AMSinfo amsinfo);
+    void         UpdateInfo(AMSinfo amsinfo);
     void         create(wxWindow *parent, wxWindowID id, const wxPoint &pos, const wxSize &size);
     void         OnEnterWindow(wxMouseEvent &evt);
     void         OnLeaveWindow(wxMouseEvent &evt);
@@ -768,7 +768,7 @@ public:
     int                          m_canindex = { 0 };
     bool                         m_selected = { false };
     double                       m_radius = { 12 };
-    void                         Update(AMSinfo amsinfo);
+    void                         UpdateInfo(AMSinfo amsinfo);
 
     std::vector<ScalableBitmap> ams_humidity_imgs;
     std::vector<ScalableBitmap> ams_humidity_dark_imgs;
@@ -801,7 +801,7 @@ public:
     AmsItem(wxWindow *parent, AMSinfo info, AMSModel model, AMSPanelPos pos);
     ~AmsItem();
 
-    void     Update(AMSinfo info);
+    void     UpdateInfo(AMSinfo info);
     void     create(wxWindow *parent);
     void     AddCan(Caninfo caninfo, int canindex, int maxcan, wxBoxSizer* sizer);
     void     AddLiteCan(Caninfo caninfo, int canindex, wxGridSizer* sizer);
diff --git a/src/slic3r/GUI/Widgets/ScrolledWindow.cpp b/src/slic3r/GUI/Widgets/ScrolledWindow.cpp
index d570b9f764..6aa6f5b600 100644
--- a/src/slic3r/GUI/Widgets/ScrolledWindow.cpp
+++ b/src/slic3r/GUI/Widgets/ScrolledWindow.cpp
@@ -110,17 +110,6 @@ void ScrolledWindow::SetTipColor(wxColour color)
     if (m_bottomScrollbar) m_bottomScrollbar->SetTipColor(color);
 }
 
-void ScrolledWindow::Refresh()
-{
-    // m_rightScrollbar->SetViewStart(0);
-    // m_rightScrollbar->Refresh();
-    // m_rightScrollbar->Update();
-    // m_userPanel->Refresh();
-    // m_bottomScrollbar->SetViewStart(0);
-    // m_rightScrollbar->Refresh();
-    // m_bottomScrollbar->Refresh();
-}
-
 void ScrolledWindow::SetBackgroundColour(wxColour color)
 {
     wxWindow::SetBackgroundColour(color); 
diff --git a/src/slic3r/GUI/Widgets/ScrolledWindow.hpp b/src/slic3r/GUI/Widgets/ScrolledWindow.hpp
index 56d54aade3..38409a19d4 100644
--- a/src/slic3r/GUI/Widgets/ScrolledWindow.hpp
+++ b/src/slic3r/GUI/Widgets/ScrolledWindow.hpp
@@ -15,7 +15,6 @@ public:
     ScrolledWindow(wxWindow *parent, wxWindowID id, wxPoint position, wxSize size, long style, int marginWidth = 0, int scrollbarWidth = 4, int tipLength = 0);
     void OnMouseWheel(wxMouseEvent &event);
     void SetTipColor(wxColour color);
-    void Refresh();
     void SetBackgroundColour(wxColour color);
 
     void         SetMarginColor(wxColour color);