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Wiki Update 11 - Strength (#10369)

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* Create Patterns specific wiki

* Fix typos in installation instructions

Corrected the winget flag from --exact to -e and removed an extraneous backtick from the Mac xattr command in the README installation instructions.

* Improve README formatting and clarity

* Calibration Flow Ratio Yolo Archimedean cords

Co-Authored-By: MxBrnr <142743732+MxBrnr@users.noreply.github.com>

* redirection/tab.cpp section

* Missing Frequent

* remove auto-cooling

* remove thumbnails

* seam pointers

* walls

* infill

* Image standarization

* Fix broken internal links

* Add reference note to Arachne wall generator docs

* OrcaSlicer std

* PrusaSlicer std

* 2d-lateral xlsx

* vertical patterns

* Redirections fix

* Update speed_settings_overhang_speed.md

* Fix to action

* FlowRate

Co-Authored-By: MxBrnr <142743732+MxBrnr@users.noreply.github.com>

* Top Bottom Shells

* advanced strength

* Action fix

* Update How-to-wiki.md

* Home.md icons and reorganize sections

* Home Icons fix

* Update cornering-calib.md

* Update strength_settings_infill.md

* Update Auxiliary-fan.md

Co-Authored-By: Fisheye_3D <78997080+fisheye3d@users.noreply.github.com>

* Add warning about wiki maintenance status
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15
doc/print_settings/quality/quality_settings_ironing.md
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@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ Ironing is a process used to improve the surface finish of 3D prints by smoothin
This setting controls which layer being ironed.
- **Top Surfaces**: All [top surfaces](strength_settings_top_bottom_shells) will be ironed. This is the most common setting and is used to smooth out the top layers of the print.
- **Top Surfaces**: All [top surfaces](strength_settings_top_bottom_shells) will be ironed. This is the most common setting and is used to smooth out the top layers of the print.
![ironing-top-surfaces](https://github.com/SoftFever/OrcaSlicer/blob/main/doc/images/ironing/ironing-top-surfaces.png?raw=true)
- **Topmost Surface**: Only the last [top layer](strength_settings_top_bottom_shells) of the print will be ironed. This is useful for prints where only the last layer needs to be smoothed.
![ironing-topmost-surface](https://github.com/SoftFever/OrcaSlicer/blob/main/doc/images/ironing/ironing-topmost-surface.png?raw=true)
@@ -21,7 +21,14 @@ This setting controls which layer being ironed.
## Pattern
The pattern that will be used when ironing. Usually, the best pattern is the one with the most efficient coverage of the surface.
You can learn more about the different patterns in the [Sparse infill pattern](strength_settings_infill#sparse-infill-pattern) section.
> [!TIP]
> See [Infill Patterns Wiki List](strength_settings_patterns) with **detailed specifications**, including their strengths and weaknesses.
The ironing patterns are:
- **[Concentric](strength_settings_patterns#concentric)**
- **[Rectilinear](strength_settings_patterns#rectilinear)**
## Flow
@@ -39,12 +46,12 @@ The distance to keep from the edges, which can help prevent over-extrusion at th
![ironing-inset](https://github.com/SoftFever/OrcaSlicer/blob/main/doc/images/ironing/ironing-inset.png?raw=true)
If this value is set to 0, the ironing toolpath will start directly at the perimeter edges without any inward offset. This means the ironing pattern will extend all the way to the outer boundaries of the top surface being ironed.
If this value is set to 0, the ironing toolpath will start directly at the perimeter edges without any inward offset. This means the [ironing pattern](#pattern) will extend all the way to the outer boundaries of the top surface being ironed.
## Angle
The angle ironing is done at.
A negative number disables this function and uses the [sparse infill direction](strength_settings_infill#sparse-infill-direction).
A negative number disables this function and uses the [sparse infill direction](strength_settings_infill#direction).
## Speed

2
doc/print_settings/quality/quality_settings_line_width.md
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@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ If you need stronger infill, it's recommended to use [infill line multiplier](st
### Internal Solid Infill
Used for solid top/bottom layers or [100% infill](strength_settings_infill##sparse-infill-density).
Used for solid top/bottom layers or [100% infill](strength_settings_infill#sparse-infill-density).
Recommended: **~110%** for good layer adhesion and visual quality.
### Support

2
doc/print_settings/quality/quality_settings_seam.md
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@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ Disadvantages:
- Requires tuning of parameters like length, speed, and flow for best results
> [!NOTE]
> Read more here: [Better Seams - An Orca Slicer Guide](https://www.printables.com/model/783313-better-seams-an-orca-slicer-guide-to-using-scarf-s).
> Read more here: [Better Seams - An OrcaSlicer Guide](https://www.printables.com/model/783313-better-seams-an-orca-slicer-guide-to-using-scarf-s).
#### Scarf joint seam Type

4
doc/print_settings/quality/quality_settings_wall_and_surfaces.md
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@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ Use Outer/Inner for the same external wall quality and dimensional accuracy bene
### Print infill first
When this option is enabled, the [infill](strength_settings_infill) and [top/bottom shells](strength_settings_top_bottom_shells) is printed first, followed by the walls. This can be useful for some overhangs where the infill can support the walls.
When this option is enabled, the [infill](strength_settings_infill) and [top/bottom shells](strength_settings_top_bottom_shells) are printed first, followed by the walls. This can be useful for some overhangs where the infill can support the walls.
![infill-first](https://github.com/SoftFever/OrcaSlicer/blob/main/doc/images/Wall-Order/infill-first.gif?raw=true)
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ The actual top surface flow used is calculated by multiplying this value with th
## Only one wall
Use only one wall on flat surfaces, to give more space to the [top infill pattern](strength_settings_top_bottom_shells#surface-pattern).
Specially useful in small features, like letters, where the top surface is very small and concentric pattern from walls would not cover it properly.
Specially useful in small features, like letters, where the top surface is very small and [concentric pattern](strength_settings_patterns#concentric) from walls would not cover it properly.
![only-one-wall](https://github.com/SoftFever/OrcaSlicer/blob/main/doc/images/Wall-Order/only-one-wall.gif?raw=true)

3
doc/print_settings/quality/quality_settings_wall_generator.md
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@@ -26,6 +26,9 @@ The Arachne wall generator dynamically adjusts extrusion width to follow the sha
![wallgenerator-arachne](https://github.com/SoftFever/OrcaSlicer/blob/main/doc/images/WallGenerator/wallgenerator-arachne.png?raw=true)
> [!NOTE]
> [A Framework for Adaptive Width Control of Dense Contour-Parallel Toolpaths in Fused Deposition Modeling](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0010448520301007?via%3Dihub)
### Wall transitioning threshhold angle
Defines the minimum angle (in degrees) required for the algorithm to create a transition between an even and odd number of walls. If a wedge shape exceeds this angle, no extra center wall will be added. Lowering this value reduces center walls but may cause under- or over-extrusion in sharp corners.

4
doc/print_settings/speed/speed_settings_acceleration.md
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@@ -23,11 +23,11 @@ The default acceleration of both normal printing and travel.
## Outer wall
Acceleration for [outer wall](speed_settings_walls#outer-wall) printing. This is usually set to a lower value than normal printing to ensure better quality.
Acceleration for [outer wall](speed_settings_other_layers_speed#outer-wall) printing. This is usually set to a lower value than normal printing to ensure better quality.
## Inner wall
Acceleration for [inner wall](speed_settings_walls#inner-wall) printing. This is usually set to a higher value than outer wall printing to improve speed.
Acceleration for [inner wall](speed_settings_other_layers_speed#inner-wall) printing. This is usually set to a higher value than outer wall printing to improve speed.
## Bridge

2
doc/print_settings/speed/speed_settings_advanced.md
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@@ -184,7 +184,7 @@ In this case, the printer slows down and then accelerates independently of what
## Credits
- **Original feature authors and creators:** The Prusa Slicer team, including [@bubnikv](https://github.com/bubnikv), [@hejllukas](https://github.com/hejllukas).
- **Original feature authors and creators:** The PrusaSlicer team, including [@bubnikv](https://github.com/bubnikv), [@hejllukas](https://github.com/hejllukas).
- **Enhanced by:** [@MGunlogson](https://github.com/MGunlogson), introducing the feature to external perimeters, enhancing it by taking into account travel, retraction and implementing near-contiguous extrusions pressure equalizer adjustments.
- **Ported to Orca:** [@igiannakas](https://github.com/igiannakas).
- **Enhanced by:** [@noisyfox](https://github.com/Noisyfox), per object pressure equalization and fixing calculation logic bugs.

4
doc/print_settings/speed/speed_settings_initial_layer_speed.md
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@@ -4,12 +4,12 @@ Printing the first layer slower than the rest of the print is a widely recommend
## Initial layer
This setting determines the printing speed for the first layer, excluding [solid infill](strength_settings_top_bottom_shells) regions. It applies to the [outer/inner walls](strength_settings_walls), [sparse infill](strength_settings_infill) when [bottom layers](strength_settings_top_bottom_shells#shells-layers) is set to 0.
This setting determines the printing speed for the first layer, excluding [solid infill](strength_settings_top_bottom_shells) regions. It applies to the [outer/inner walls](strength_settings_walls), [sparse infill](strength_settings_infill) when [bottom layers](strength_settings_top_bottom_shells#shell-layers) is set to 0.
Adjusting this speed helps ensure proper adhesion and print quality for the initial layer.
## Initial layer infill
Defines the speed used specifically for [solid infill](strength_settings_top_bottom_shells#shells-layers) regions on the first layer. These areas require more precise and consistent extrusion to create a flat and stable surface for subsequent layers. Printing this section too fast may result in high internal stresses (increased risk of warping), poor layer uniformity, or adhesion failures.
Defines the speed used specifically for [solid infill](strength_settings_top_bottom_shells#shell-layers) regions on the first layer. These areas require more precise and consistent extrusion to create a flat and stable surface for subsequent layers. Printing this section too fast may result in high internal stresses (increased risk of warping), poor layer uniformity, or adhesion failures.
## Initial layer travel speed

8
doc/print_settings/speed/speed_settings_other_layers_speed.md
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@@ -7,8 +7,8 @@
>
> - [Maximum Volumetric Speed](volumetric-speed-calib)
> - Machine / Motion ability
> - [Acceleration](speed-settings-acceleration)
> - [Jerk settings](speed-settings-jerk)
> - [Acceleration](speed_settings_acceleration)
> - [Jerk settings](speed_settings_jerk_xy)
- [Speed limitations](#speed-limitations)
- [Outer wall](#outer-wall)
@@ -62,8 +62,8 @@ For example, if the threshold is set to 5 mm, then the perimeter length must be
## Sparse infill
Speed of [sparse infill](strength_settings_infill#sparse-infill) which is printed faster than solid infill to reduce print time.
In case you are using your Infill Pattern as aesthetic feature, you may want to set it closer to the [outer wall speed](#outer-wall) to get better quality.
Speed of [sparse infill](strength_settings_infill) which is printed faster than solid infill to reduce print time.
In case you are using your [Infill Pattern](strength_settings_infill) as aesthetic feature, you may want to set it closer to the [outer wall speed](#outer-wall) to get better quality.
## Internal solid infill

4
doc/print_settings/speed/speed_settings_overhang_speed.md
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@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
- [Slow down for overhang](#slow-down-for-overhang)
- [Slow down for curled perimeters](#slow-down-for-curled-perimeters)
- [Overhang speed](#overhang-speed-1)
- [Speed](#speed)
- [Bridge speed](#bridge-speed)
## Slow down for overhang
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ It is generally recommended to have this option switched on unless your printer
> [!NOTE]
> When this option is enabled, overhang perimeters are treated like overhangs, meaning the overhang speed is applied even if the overhanging perimeter is part of a bridge. For example, when the perimeters are 100% overhanging, with no wall supporting them from underneath, the 100% overhang speed will be applied.
### Overhang speed
### Speed
This is the speed for various overhang degrees. Overhang degrees are expressed as a percentage of [line width](quality_settings_line_width).

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doc/print_settings/strength/infill_desc_calculator.xlsx
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doc/print_settings/strength/strength_settings_advanced.md
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@@ -10,38 +10,46 @@
## Align infill direction to model
Aligns infill and surface fill directions to follow the model's orientation on the build plate. When enabled, fill directions rotate with the model to maintain optimal strength characteristics.
Aligns infill and surface fill directions to follow the model's orientation on the build plate.
When enabled, fill directions rotate with the model to maintain optimal characteristics.
![fill-direction-to-model](https://github.com/SoftFever/OrcaSlicer/blob/main/doc/images/fill/fill-direction-to-model.png?raw=true)
## Bridge infill direction
Bridging angle override. If left to zero, the bridging angle will be calculated automatically. Otherwise the provided angle will be used for bridges. Use 180° for zero angle.
Bridging angle override.
If left at zero, the bridging angle will be calculated automatically. Otherwise, the provided angle will be used for bridges.
Use 180° to represent a zero angle.
## Minimum sparse infill threshold
Sparse infill area which is smaller than threshold value is replaced by internal solid infill.
Sparse infill areas smaller than the threshold value are replaced by [internal solid infill](strength_settings_infill#internal-solid-infill).
This setting helps to ensure that small areas of sparse infill do not compromise the strength of the print. It is particularly useful for models with intricate designs or small features where sparse infill may not provide sufficient support.
## Infill Combination
Automatically Combine sparse infill of several layers to print together to reduce time. Wall is still printed with original layer height.
Automatically combine [sparse infill](strength_settings_infill) of several layers so they print together and reduce print time and while increasing strength. While walls are still printed with the original [layer height](quality_settings_layer_height).
![fill-combination](https://github.com/SoftFever/OrcaSlicer/blob/main/doc/images/fill/fill-combination.png?raw=true)
### Max layer height
Maximum layer height for the combined sparse infill.
Set it to 0 or 100% to use the nozzle diameter (for maximum reduction in print time) or a value of ~80% to maximize sparse infill strength.
Set it to 0 or 100% to use the nozzle diameter (for maximum reduction in print time), or to a value of ~80% to maximize sparse infill strength.
The number of layers over which infill is combined is derived by dividing this value with the layer height and rounded down to the nearest decimal.
The number of layers over which infill is combined is derived by dividing this value by the layer height and rounding down to the nearest decimal.
Use either absolute mm values (eg. 0.32mm for a 0.4mm nozzle) or % values (eg 80%). This value must not be larger than the nozzle diameter.
Use either absolute mm values (e.g., 0.32mm for a 0.4mm nozzle) or percentages (e.g., 80%). This value must not be larger than the nozzle diameter.
## Detect narrow internal solid infill
This option will auto-detect narrow internal solid infill areas. If enabled, the concentric pattern will be used for the area to speed up printing. Otherwise, the rectilinear pattern will be used by default.
This option auto-detects narrow internal solid infill areas. If enabled, the [concentric pattern](strength_settings_patterns#concentric) will be used in those areas to speed up printing. Otherwise, the [rectilinear pattern](strength_settings_patterns#rectilinear) will be used by default.
## Ensure vertical shell thickness
Add solid infill near sloping surfaces to guarantee the vertical shell thickness (top+bottom solid layers).
Add solid infill near sloping surfaces to guarantee the vertical shell thickness (top and bottom solid layers).
- **None**: No solid infill will be added anywhere. Caution: Use this option carefully if your model has sloped surfaces.
- **None**: No solid infill will be added anywhere. **Caution:** Use this option carefully if your model has sloped surfaces.
- **Critical Only**: Avoid adding solid infill for walls.
- **Moderate**: Add solid infill for heavily sloping surfaces only.
- **All (default)**: Add solid infill for all suitable sloping surfaces.

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doc/print_settings/strength/strength_settings_infill.md
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@@ -14,39 +14,21 @@ Infill is the internal structure of a 3D print, providing strength and support.
- [Anchor](#anchor)
- [Internal Solid Infill](#internal-solid-infill)
- [Sparse Infill Pattern](#sparse-infill-pattern)
- [Rectilinear](#rectilinear)
- [Aligned Rectilinear](#aligned-rectilinear)
- [Zig Zag](#zig-zag)
- [Cross Zag](#cross-zag)
- [Locked Zag](#locked-zag)
- [Line](#line)
- [Grid](#grid)
- [Triangles](#triangles)
- [Tri-hexagon](#tri-hexagon)
- [Cubic](#cubic)
- [Adaptive Cubic](#adaptive-cubic)
- [Quarter Cubic](#quarter-cubic)
- [Support Cubic](#support-cubic)
- [Lightning](#lightning)
- [Honeycomb](#honeycomb)
- [3D Honeycomb](#3d-honeycomb)
- [2D Honeycomb](#2d-honeycomb)
- [2D Lattice](#2d-lattice)
- [Cross Hatch](#cross-hatch)
- [TPMS-D](#tpms-d)
- [Gyroid](#gyroid)
- [Concentric](#concentric)
- [Hilbert Curve](#hilbert-curve)
- [Archimedean Chords](#archimedean-chords)
- [Octagram Spiral](#octagram-spiral)
- [Credits](#credits)
## Sparse infill density
Density usually should be calculated as a % of the total infill volume, not the total print volume.
Higher density increases strength but also material usage and print time. Lower density saves material and time but reduces strength.
Infill density determines the amount of material used to fill the interior of a 3D print. It is usually expressed as a percentage, with 100% being completely solid.
Nevertheless, **not all patterns interpret density the same way**, so the actual material usage may vary. You can see each pattern's material usage in the [Sparse Infill Pattern](#sparse-infill-pattern) section.
- Higher density increases
- Strength
- Material usage
- Print time.
> [!NOTE]
> Density usually is calculated as a % of the total infill volume, not the total print volume.
> Nevertheless, **not all patterns interpret density the same way**, so the actual material usage may vary.
> You can see each pattern's material usage in the [Patterns section](strength_settings_patterns).
## Fill Multiline
@@ -73,14 +55,14 @@ This setting allows you to generate your selected [infill pattern](#sparse-infil
### Use cases
- Increasing the number of lines (e.g., 2 or 3) can improve part strength and print speed without increasing material usage.
- Fire-retardant applications: Some flame-resistant materials (like PolyMax PC-FR) require a minimum printed wall/infill thickness—often 1.5–3 mm—to comply with standards. Since infill contributes to overall part thickness, using multiple lines helps achieve the necessary thickness without switching to a large nozzle or printing with 100% infill. This is especially useful for high-temperature materials like PC, which are prone to warping when fully solid.
- Creating aesthetically pleasing infill patterns (like [Grid](#grid) or [Honeycomb](#honeycomb)) with multiple line widths—without relying on CAD modeling or being limited to a single extrusion width.
- Increasing the number of lines (e.g., 2 or 3) can **improve part strength** and **print speed** without increasing material usage.
- **Fire-retardant applications:** Some flame-resistant materials (like PolyMax PC-FR) require a minimum printed wall/infill thickness—often 1.5–3 mm—to comply with standards. Since infill contributes to overall part thickness, using multiple lines helps achieve the necessary thickness without switching to a large nozzle or printing with 100% infill. This is especially useful for high-temperature materials like PC, which are prone to warping when fully solid.
- Creating **aesthetic** infill patterns (like [Grid](strength_settings_patterns#grid) or [Honeycomb](strength_settings_patterns#honeycomb)) with multiple line widths—without relying on CAD modeling or being limited to a single extrusion width.
![infill-multiline-esthetic](https://github.com/SoftFever/OrcaSlicer/blob/main/doc/images/fill/infill-multiline-esthetic.gif?raw=true)
> [!WARNING]
> For self intersecting infills (e.g. [Cubic](#cubic), [Grid](#grid)) multiline count greater than 3 may cause layer shift, extruder clog or other issues due to overlapping of lines on intersection points.
> For self intersecting infills (e.g. [Cubic](strength_settings_patterns#cubic), [Grid](strength_settings_patterns#grid)) multiline count greater than 3 may cause layer shift, extruder clog or other issues due to overlapping of lines on intersection points.
>
> ![infill-multiline-overlapping](https://github.com/SoftFever/OrcaSlicer/blob/main/doc/images/fill/infill-multiline-overlapping.gif?raw=true)
@@ -93,6 +75,8 @@ This setting allows you to generate your selected [infill pattern](#sparse-infil
Controls the direction of the infill lines to optimize or strengthen the print.
![fill-direction](https://github.com/SoftFever/OrcaSlicer/blob/main/doc/images/fill/fill-direction.png?raw=true)
### Rotation
This parameter adds a rotation to the sparse infill direction for each layer according to the specified template.
@@ -104,6 +88,8 @@ For example:
0,90
```
![fill-rotation](https://github.com/SoftFever/OrcaSlicer/blob/main/doc/images/fill/fill-rotation.png?raw=true)
The first layer uses 0°, the second uses 90°, and the pattern repeats for subsequent layers.
Other examples:
@@ -120,7 +106,7 @@ Other examples:
> If there are more layers than angles, the sequence repeats.
> [!IMPORTANT]
> Not all sparse infill patterns support rotation.
> Not all sparse [patterns](strength_settings_patterns) support rotation.
## Infill Wall Overlap
@@ -136,7 +122,8 @@ Infill area is enlarged slightly to overlap with wall for better bonding. The pe
## Apply gap fill
Enables gap fill for the selected solid surfaces. The minimum gap length that will be filled can be controlled from the filter out tiny gaps option.
Enables gap fill for the selected solid surfaces.
The minimum gap length that will be filled can be controlled from the filter out tiny gaps option.
1. **Everywhere:** Applies gap fill to top, bottom and internal solid surfaces for maximum strength.
2. **Top and Bottom surfaces:** Applies gap fill to top and bottom surfaces only, balancing print speed, reducing potential over extrusion in the solid infill and making sure the top and bottom surfaces have no pinhole gaps.
@@ -151,7 +138,8 @@ However this is not advised, as gap fill between perimeters is contributing to t
## Filter out tiny gaps
Don't print gap fill with a length is smaller than the threshold specified (in mm). This setting applies to top, bottom and solid infill and, if using the classic perimeter generator, to wall gap fill.
Don't print gap fill with a length is smaller than the threshold specified (in mm).
This setting applies to top, bottom and solid infill and, if using the [classic perimeter generator](quality_settings_wall_generator#classic), to wall gap fill.
## Anchor
@@ -168,375 +156,12 @@ OrcaSlicer tries to connect two close infill lines to a short perimeter segment.
## Internal Solid Infill
Line pattern of internal solid infill. If the [detect narrow internal solid infill](strength_settings_advanced#detect-narrow-internal-solid-infill) be enabled, the concentric pattern will be used for the small area.
Line pattern of internal solid infill. If the [detect narrow internal solid infill](strength_settings_advanced#detect-narrow-internal-solid-infill) be enabled, the [concentric pattern](strength_settings_patterns#concentric) will be used for the small area.
## Sparse Infill Pattern
Infill patterns determine how material is distributed within a print. Different patterns can affect strength, flexibility, and print speed using the same density setting.
There is no one-size-fits-all solution, as the best pattern depends on the specific print and its requirements.
Many patterns may look similar and have similar overall specifications, but they can behave very differently in practice.
As most settings in 3D printing, experience is the best way to determine which pattern works best for your specific needs.
| SVG | Pattern | X-Y Strength | Z Strength | Material Usage | Print Time |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ![param_rectilinear](https://github.com/SoftFever/OrcaSlicer/blob/main/resources/images/param_rectilinear.svg?raw=true) | [Rectilinear](#rectilinear) | Normal-Low | Low | Normal | Normal-Low |
| ![param_alignedrectilinear](https://github.com/SoftFever/OrcaSlicer/blob/main/resources/images/param_alignedrectilinear.svg?raw=true) | [Aligned Rectilinear](#aligned-rectilinear) | Normal-Low | Normal | Normal | Normal-Low |
| ![param_zigzag](https://github.com/SoftFever/OrcaSlicer/blob/main/resources/images/param_zigzag.svg?raw=true) | [Zig Zag](#zig-zag) | Normal-Low | Low | Normal | Normal |
| ![param_crosszag](https://github.com/SoftFever/OrcaSlicer/blob/main/resources/images/param_crosszag.svg?raw=true) | [Cross Zag](#cross-zag) | Normal | Low | Normal | Normal |
| ![param_lockedzag](https://github.com/SoftFever/OrcaSlicer/blob/main/resources/images/param_lockedzag.svg?raw=true) | [Locked Zag](#locked-zag) | Normal-Low | Normal-Low | Normal-High | Extra-High |
| ![param_line](https://github.com/SoftFever/OrcaSlicer/blob/main/resources/images/param_line.svg?raw=true) | [Line](#line) | Low | Low | Normal | Normal-Low |
| ![param_grid](https://github.com/SoftFever/OrcaSlicer/blob/main/resources/images/param_grid.svg?raw=true) | [Grid](#grid) | High | High | Normal | Normal-Low |
| ![param_triangles](https://github.com/SoftFever/OrcaSlicer/blob/main/resources/images/param_triangles.svg?raw=true) | [Triangles](#triangles) | High | Normal | Normal | Normal-Low |
| ![param_tri-hexagon](https://github.com/SoftFever/OrcaSlicer/blob/main/resources/images/param_tri-hexagon.svg?raw=true) | [Tri-hexagon](#tri-hexagon) | High | Normal-High | Normal | Normal-Low |
| ![param_cubic](https://github.com/SoftFever/OrcaSlicer/blob/main/resources/images/param_cubic.svg?raw=true) | [Cubic](#cubic) | High | High | Normal | Normal-Low |
| ![param_adaptivecubic](https://github.com/SoftFever/OrcaSlicer/blob/main/resources/images/param_adaptivecubic.svg?raw=true) | [Adaptive Cubic](#adaptive-cubic) | Normal-High | Normal-High | Low | Low |
| ![param_quartercubic](https://github.com/SoftFever/OrcaSlicer/blob/main/resources/images/param_quartercubic.svg?raw=true) | [Quarter Cubic](#quarter-cubic) | High | High | Normal | Normal-Low |
| ![param_supportcubic](https://github.com/SoftFever/OrcaSlicer/blob/main/resources/images/param_supportcubic.svg?raw=true) | [Support Cubic](#support-cubic) | Low | Low | Extra-Low | Extra-Low |
| ![param_lightning](https://github.com/SoftFever/OrcaSlicer/blob/main/resources/images/param_lightning.svg?raw=true) | [Lightning](#lightning) | Low | Low | Ultra-Low | Ultra-Low |
| ![param_honeycomb](https://github.com/SoftFever/OrcaSlicer/blob/main/resources/images/param_honeycomb.svg?raw=true) | [Honeycomb](#honeycomb) | High | High | High | Ultra-High |
| ![param_3dhoneycomb](https://github.com/SoftFever/OrcaSlicer/blob/main/resources/images/param_3dhoneycomb.svg?raw=true) | [3D Honeycomb](#3d-honeycomb) | Normal-High | Normal-High | Normal-Low | High |
| ![param_2dhoneycomb](https://github.com/SoftFever/OrcaSlicer/blob/main/resources/images/param_2dhoneycomb.svg?raw=true) | [2D Honeycomb](#2d-honeycomb) | Normal-Low | Normal-Low | Normal | Normal-Low |
| ![param_2dlattice](https://github.com/SoftFever/OrcaSlicer/blob/main/resources/images/param_2dlattice.svg?raw=true) | [2D Lattice](#2d-lattice) | Normal-Low | Low | Normal | Normal-Low |
| ![param_crosshatch](https://github.com/SoftFever/OrcaSlicer/blob/main/resources/images/param_crosshatch.svg?raw=true) | [Cross Hatch](#cross-hatch) | Normal-High | Normal-High | Normal | Normal-High |
| ![param_tpmsd](https://github.com/SoftFever/OrcaSlicer/blob/main/resources/images/param_tpmsd.svg?raw=true) | [TPMS-D](#tpms-d) | High | High | Normal | High |
| ![param_gyroid](https://github.com/SoftFever/OrcaSlicer/blob/main/resources/images/param_gyroid.svg?raw=true) | [Gyroid](#gyroid) | High | High | Normal | Normal-High |
| ![param_concentric](https://github.com/SoftFever/OrcaSlicer/blob/main/resources/images/param_concentric.svg?raw=true) | [Concentric](#concentric) | Low | Normal | Normal | Normal |
| ![param_hilbertcurve](https://github.com/SoftFever/OrcaSlicer/blob/main/resources/images/param_hilbertcurve.svg?raw=true) | [Hilbert Curve](#hilbert-curve) | Low | Normal | Normal | High |
| ![param_archimedeanchords](https://github.com/SoftFever/OrcaSlicer/blob/main/resources/images/param_archimedeanchords.svg?raw=true) | [Archimedean Chords](#archimedean-chords) | Low | Normal | Normal | Normal-Low |
| ![param_octagramspiral](https://github.com/SoftFever/OrcaSlicer/blob/main/resources/images/param_octagramspiral.svg?raw=true) | [Octagram Spiral](#octagram-spiral) | Low | Normal | Normal | Normal |
> [!NOTE]
> You can download [infill_desc_calculator.xlsx](https://github.com/SoftFever/OrcaSlicer/blob/main/doc/print_settings/strength/infill_desc_calculator.xlsx?raw=true) used to calculate the values above.
### Rectilinear
Parallel lines spaced according to infill density. Each layer is printed perpendicular to the previous, resulting in low vertical bonding. Consider using new [Zig Zag](#zig-zag) infill instead.
- **Horizontal Strength (X-Y):** Normal-Low
- **Vertical Strength (Z):** Low
- **Density Calculation:** % of total infill volume
- **Material Usage:** Normal
- **Print Time:** Normal-Low
- **Material/Time (Higher better):** Normal
![infill-top-rectilinear](https://github.com/SoftFever/OrcaSlicer/blob/main/doc/images/fill/infill-top-rectilinear.png?raw=true)
### Aligned Rectilinear
Parallel lines spaced by the infill spacing, each layer printed in the same direction as the previous layer. Good horizontal strength perpendicular to the lines, but terrible in parallel direction.
Recommended with layer anchoring to improve not perpendicular strength.
- **Horizontal Strength (X-Y):** Normal-Low
- **Vertical Strength (Z):** Normal
- **Density Calculation:** % of total infill volume
- **Material Usage:** Normal
- **Print Time:** Normal-Low
- **Material/Time (Higher better):** Normal
![infill-top-aligned-rectilinear](https://github.com/SoftFever/OrcaSlicer/blob/main/doc/images/fill/infill-top-aligned-rectilinear.png?raw=true)
### Zig Zag
Similar to [rectilinear](#rectilinear) with consistent pattern between layers. Allows you to add a Symmetric infill Y axis for models with two symmetric parts.
- **Horizontal Strength (X-Y):** Normal-Low
- **Vertical Strength (Z):** Low
- **Density Calculation:** % of total infill volume
- **Material Usage:** Normal
- **Print Time:** Normal
- **Material/Time (Higher better):** Normal
![infill-top-zig-zag](https://github.com/SoftFever/OrcaSlicer/blob/main/doc/images/fill/infill-top-zig-zag.png?raw=true)
### Cross Zag
Similar to [Zig Zag](#zig-zag) but displacing each layer with Infill shift step parameter.
- **Horizontal Strength (X-Y):** Normal
- **Vertical Strength (Z):** Low
- **Density Calculation:** % of total infill volume
- **Material Usage:** Normal
- **Print Time:** Normal
- **Material/Time (Higher better):** Normal
![infill-top-cross-zag](https://github.com/SoftFever/OrcaSlicer/blob/main/doc/images/fill/infill-top-cross-zag.png?raw=true)
### Locked Zag
Adaptive version of [Zig Zag](#zig-zag) adding an external skin texture to interlock layers and a low material skeleton.
- **Horizontal Strength (X-Y):** Normal-Low
- **Vertical Strength (Z):** Normal-Low
- **Density Calculation:** Same as [Zig Zag](#zig-zag) but increasing near walls
- **Material Usage:** Normal-High
- **Print Time:** Extra-High
- **Material/Time (Higher better):** Low
![infill-top-locked-zag](https://github.com/SoftFever/OrcaSlicer/blob/main/doc/images/fill/infill-top-locked-zag.png?raw=true)
### Line
Similar to [rectilinear](#rectilinear), but each line is slightly rotated to improve print speed.
- **Horizontal Strength (X-Y):** Low
- **Vertical Strength (Z):** Low
- **Density Calculation:** % of total infill volume
- **Material Usage:** Normal
- **Print Time:** Normal-Low
- **Material/Time (Higher better):** Normal-High
![infill-top-line](https://github.com/SoftFever/OrcaSlicer/blob/main/doc/images/fill/infill-top-line.png?raw=true)
### Grid
Two-layer pattern of perpendicular lines, forming a grid. Overlapping points may cause noise or artifacts.
- **Horizontal Strength (X-Y):** High
- **Vertical Strength (Z):** High
- **Density Calculation:** % of total infill volume
- **Material Usage:** Normal
- **Print Time:** Normal-Low
- **Material/Time (Higher better):** Normal
![infill-top-grid](https://github.com/SoftFever/OrcaSlicer/blob/main/doc/images/fill/infill-top-grid.png?raw=true)
### Triangles
Triangle-based grid, offering strong X-Y strength but with triple overlaps at intersections.
- **Horizontal Strength (X-Y):** High
- **Vertical Strength (Z):** Normal
- **Density Calculation:** % of total infill volume
- **Material Usage:** Normal
- **Print Time:** Normal-Low
- **Material/Time (Higher better):** Normal-High
![infill-top-triangles](https://github.com/SoftFever/OrcaSlicer/blob/main/doc/images/fill/infill-top-triangles.png?raw=true)
### Tri-hexagon
Similar to the [triangles](#triangles) pattern but offset to prevent triple overlaps at intersections. This design combines triangles and hexagons, providing excellent X-Y strength.
- **Horizontal Strength (X-Y):** High
- **Vertical Strength (Z):** Normal-High
- **Density Calculation:** % of total infill volume
- **Material Usage:** Normal
- **Print Time:** Normal-Low
- **Material/Time (Higher better):** Normal-High
![infill-top-tri-hexagon](https://github.com/SoftFever/OrcaSlicer/blob/main/doc/images/fill/infill-top-tri-hexagon.png?raw=true)
### Cubic
3D cube pattern with corners facing down, distributing force in all directions. Triangles in the horizontal plane provide good X-Y strength.
- **Horizontal Strength (X-Y):** High
- **Vertical Strength (Z):** High
- **Density Calculation:** % of total infill volume
- **Material Usage:** Normal
- **Print Time:** Normal-Low
- **Material/Time (Higher better):** Normal-High
![infill-top-cubic](https://github.com/SoftFever/OrcaSlicer/blob/main/doc/images/fill/infill-top-cubic.png?raw=true)
### Adaptive Cubic
[Cubic](#cubic) pattern with adaptive density: denser near walls, sparser in the center. Saves material and time while maintaining strength, ideal for large prints.
- **Horizontal Strength (X-Y):** Normal-High
- **Vertical Strength (Z):** Normal-High
- **Density Calculation:** Same as [Cubic](#cubic) but reduced in the center
- **Material Usage:** Low
- **Print Time:** Low
- **Material/Time (Higher better):** Normal
![infill-top-adaptive-cubic](https://github.com/SoftFever/OrcaSlicer/blob/main/doc/images/fill/infill-top-adaptive-cubic.png?raw=true)
### Quarter Cubic
[Cubic](#cubic) pattern with extra internal divisions, improving X-Y strength.
- **Horizontal Strength (X-Y):** High
- **Vertical Strength (Z):** High
- **Density Calculation:** % of total infill volume
- **Material Usage:** Normal
- **Print Time:** Normal-Low
- **Material/Time (Higher better):** Normal
![infill-top-quarter-cubic](https://github.com/SoftFever/OrcaSlicer/blob/main/doc/images/fill/infill-top-quarter-cubic.png?raw=true)
### Support Cubic
Support |Cubic is a variation of the [Cubic](#cubic) infill pattern that is specifically designed for support top layers. Will use more material than Lightning infill but will provide better strength. Nevertheless, it is still a low-density infill pattern.
- **Horizontal Strength (X-Y):** Low
- **Vertical Strength (Z):** Low
- **Density Calculation:** % of layer before top shell layers
- **Material Usage:** Extra-Low
- **Print Time:** Extra-Low
- **Material/Time (Higher better):** Normal
![infill-top-support-cubic](https://github.com/SoftFever/OrcaSlicer/blob/main/doc/images/fill/infill-top-support-cubic.png?raw=true)
### Lightning
Ultra-fast, ultra-low material infill. Designed for speed and efficiency, ideal for quick prints or non-structural prototypes.
- **Horizontal Strength (X-Y):** Low
- **Vertical Strength (Z):** Low
- **Density Calculation:** % of layer before top shell layers
- **Material Usage:** Ultra-Low
- **Print Time:** Ultra-Low
- **Material/Time (Higher better):** Low
![infill-top-lightning](https://github.com/SoftFever/OrcaSlicer/blob/main/doc/images/fill/infill-top-lightning.png?raw=true)
### Honeycomb
Hexagonal pattern balancing strength and material use. Double walls in each hexagon increase material consumption.
- **Horizontal Strength (X-Y):** High
- **Vertical Strength (Z):** High
- **Density Calculation:** % of total infill volume
- **Material Usage:** High
- **Print Time:** Ultra-High
- **Material/Time (Higher better):** Low
![infill-top-honeycomb](https://github.com/SoftFever/OrcaSlicer/blob/main/doc/images/fill/infill-top-honeycomb.png?raw=true)
### 3D Honeycomb
This infill tries to generate a printable honeycomb structure by printing squares and octagons maintaining a vertical angle high enough to maintain contact with the previous layer.
- **Horizontal Strength (X-Y):** Normal-High
- **Vertical Strength (Z):** Normal-High
- **Density Calculation:** Unknown
- **Material Usage:** Normal-Low
- **Print Time:** High
- **Material/Time (Higher better):** Low
![infill-top-3d-honeycomb](https://github.com/SoftFever/OrcaSlicer/blob/main/doc/images/fill/infill-top-3d-honeycomb.png?raw=true)
### 2D Honeycomb
Vertical Honeycomb pattern. Acceptable torsional stiffness. Developed for low densities structures like wings. Improve over [2D Lattice](#2d-lattice) offers same performance with lower densities.This infill includes a Overhang angle parameter to improve the point of contact between layers and reduce the risk of delamination.
- **Horizontal Strength (X-Y):** Normal-Low
- **Vertical Strength (Z):** Normal-Low
- **Density Calculation:** % of total infill volume
- **Material Usage:** Normal
- **Print Time:** Normal-Low
- **Material/Time (Higher better):** Normal
![infill-top-2d-honeycomb](https://github.com/SoftFever/OrcaSlicer/blob/main/doc/images/fill/infill-top-2d-honeycomb.png?raw=true)
### 2D Lattice
Low-strength pattern with good flexibility. You can adjust **Angle 1** and **Angle 2** to optimize the infill for your specific model. Each angle adjusts the plane of each layer generated by the pattern. 0° is vertical.
- **Horizontal Strength (X-Y):** Normal-Low
- **Vertical Strength (Z):** Low
- **Density Calculation:** % of total infill volume
- **Material Usage:** Normal
- **Print Time:** Normal-Low
- **Material/Time (Higher better):** Normal
![infill-top-2d-lattice](https://github.com/SoftFever/OrcaSlicer/blob/main/doc/images/fill/infill-top-2d-lattice.png?raw=true)
### Cross Hatch
Similar to [Gyroid](#gyroid) but with linear patterns, creating weak points at internal corners.
Easier to slice but consider using [TPMS-D](#tpms-d) or [Gyroid](#gyroid) for better strength and flexibility.
- **Horizontal Strength (X-Y):** Normal-High
- **Vertical Strength (Z):** Normal-High
- **Density Calculation:** % of total infill volume
- **Material Usage:** Normal
- **Print Time:** Normal-High
- **Material/Time (Higher better):** Normal-Low
![infill-top-cross-hatch](https://github.com/SoftFever/OrcaSlicer/blob/main/doc/images/fill/infill-top-cross-hatch.png?raw=true)
### TPMS-D
Triply Periodic Minimal Surface (Schwarz Diamond). Hybrid between [Cross Hatch](#cross-hatch) and [Gyroid](#gyroid), combining rigidity and smooth transitions. Isotropic and strong in all directions. This geometry is faster to slice than Gyroid, but slower than Cross Hatch.
- **Horizontal Strength (X-Y):** High
- **Vertical Strength (Z):** High
- **Density Calculation:** % of total infill volume
- **Material Usage:** Normal
- **Print Time:** High
- **Material/Time (Higher better):** Normal-Low
![infill-top-tpms-d](https://github.com/SoftFever/OrcaSlicer/blob/main/doc/images/fill/infill-top-tpms-d.png?raw=true)
### Gyroid
Mathematical, isotropic surface providing equal strength in all directions. Excellent for strong, flexible prints and resin filling due to its interconnected structure. This pattern may require more time to slice because of all the points needed to generate each curve. If your model has complex geometry, consider using a simpler infill pattern like [TPMS-D](#tpms-d) or [Cross Hatch](#cross-hatch).
- **Horizontal Strength (X-Y):** High
- **Vertical Strength (Z):** High
- **Density Calculation:** % of total infill volume
- **Material Usage:** Normal
- **Print Time:** Normal-High
- **Material/Time (Higher better):** Normal-Low
![infill-top-gyroid](https://github.com/SoftFever/OrcaSlicer/blob/main/doc/images/fill/infill-top-gyroid.png?raw=true)
### Concentric
Fills the area with progressively smaller versions of the outer contour, creating a concentric pattern. Ideal for 100% infill or flexible prints.
- **Horizontal Strength (X-Y):** Low
- **Vertical Strength (Z):** Normal
- **Density Calculation:** % of total infill volume
- **Material Usage:** Normal
- **Print Time:** Normal
- **Material/Time (Higher better):** Normal-High
![infill-top-concentric](https://github.com/SoftFever/OrcaSlicer/blob/main/doc/images/fill/infill-top-concentric.png?raw=true)
### Hilbert Curve
Hilbert Curve is a space-filling curve that can be used to create a continuous infill pattern. It is known for its Esthetic appeal and ability to fill space efficiently.
Print speed is very low due to the complexity of the path, which can lead to longer print times. It is not recommended for structural parts but can be used for Esthetic purposes.
- **Horizontal Strength (X-Y):** Low
- **Vertical Strength (Z):** Normal
- **Density Calculation:** % of total infill volume
- **Material Usage:** Normal
- **Print Time:** High
- **Material/Time (Higher better):** Low
![infill-top-hilbert-curve](https://github.com/SoftFever/OrcaSlicer/blob/main/doc/images/fill/infill-top-hilbert-curve.png?raw=true)
### Archimedean Chords
Spiral pattern that fills the area with concentric arcs, creating a smooth and continuous infill. Can be filled with resin thanks to its interconnected hollow structure, which allows the resin to flow through it and cure properly.
- **Horizontal Strength (X-Y):** Low
- **Vertical Strength (Z):** Normal
- **Density Calculation:** % of total infill volume
- **Material Usage:** Normal
- **Print Time:** Normal-Low
- **Material/Time (Higher better):** Normal-High
![infill-top-archimedean-chords](https://github.com/SoftFever/OrcaSlicer/blob/main/doc/images/fill/infill-top-archimedean-chords.png?raw=true)
### Octagram Spiral
Esthetic pattern with low strength and high print time.
- **Horizontal Strength (X-Y):** Low
- **Vertical Strength (Z):** Normal
- **Density Calculation:** % of total infill volume
- **Material Usage:** Normal
- **Print Time:** Normal
- **Material/Time (Higher better):** Normal-Low
![infill-top-octagram-spiral](https://github.com/SoftFever/OrcaSlicer/blob/main/doc/images/fill/infill-top-octagram-spiral.png?raw=true)
> [!TIP]
> See [Infill Patterns Wiki List](strength_settings_patterns) with **detailed specifications**, including their strengths and weaknesses.
## Credits

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doc/print_settings/strength/strength_settings_infill_rotation_template_metalanguage.md
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# Infill rotation template metalanguage
This metalanguage provides a way to define the [direction and rotation](strength_settings_infill#direction-and-rotation) of patterns in 3D printing.
This metalanguage provides a way to define the [direction and rotation](strength_settings_infill#direction-and-rotation) of [patterns](strength_settings_patterns) in 3D printing.
- [Basic instructions](#basic-instructions)
- [Defined angle](#defined-angle)

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# Patterns
Patterns determine how material is distributed within a print. Different patterns can affect strength, flexibility and print speed using the same density setting.
There is no one-size-fits-all solution, as the best pattern depends on the specific print and its requirements.
Many patterns may look similar and have similar overall specifications, but they can behave very differently in practice.
As most settings in 3D printing, experience is the best way to determine which pattern works best for your specific needs.
## Patterns Quick Reference
| | Pattern | Applies to | X-Y Strength | Z Strength | Material Usage | Print Time |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ![param_monotonic](https://github.com/SoftFever/OrcaSlicer/blob/main/resources/images/param_monotonic.svg?raw=true) | [Monotonic](#monotonic) | - **[Solid Infill](strength_settings_infill#internal-solid-infill)** - **[Surface](strength_settings_top_bottom_shells)** | Normal | Normal | Normal-High | Normal-Low |
| ![param_monotonicline](https://github.com/SoftFever/OrcaSlicer/blob/main/resources/images/param_monotonicline.svg?raw=true) | [Monotonic line](#monotonic-line) | - **[Solid Infill](strength_settings_infill#internal-solid-infill)** - **[Surface](strength_settings_top_bottom_shells)** | Normal | Normal | Normal | Normal |
| ![param_rectilinear](https://github.com/SoftFever/OrcaSlicer/blob/main/resources/images/param_rectilinear.svg?raw=true) | [Rectilinear](#rectilinear) | - **[Sparse Infill](strength_settings_infill#sparse-infill-density)** - **[Solid Infill](strength_settings_infill#internal-solid-infill)** - **[Surface](strength_settings_top_bottom_shells)** - **[Ironing](quality_settings_ironing)** | Normal-Low | Low | Normal | Normal-Low |
| ![param_alignedrectilinear](https://github.com/SoftFever/OrcaSlicer/blob/main/resources/images/param_alignedrectilinear.svg?raw=true) | [Aligned Rectilinear](#aligned-rectilinear) | - **[Sparse Infill](strength_settings_infill#sparse-infill-density)** - **[Solid Infill](strength_settings_infill#internal-solid-infill)** - **[Surface](strength_settings_top_bottom_shells)** | Normal-Low | Normal | Normal | Normal-Low |
| ![param_zigzag](https://github.com/SoftFever/OrcaSlicer/blob/main/resources/images/param_zigzag.svg?raw=true) | [Zig Zag](#zig-zag) | - **[Sparse Infill](strength_settings_infill#sparse-infill-density)** | Normal-Low | Low | Normal | Normal-Low |
| ![param_crosszag](https://github.com/SoftFever/OrcaSlicer/blob/main/resources/images/param_crosszag.svg?raw=true) | [Cross Zag](#cross-zag) | - **[Sparse Infill](strength_settings_infill#sparse-infill-density)** | Normal | Low | Normal | Normal-Low |
| ![param_lockedzag](https://github.com/SoftFever/OrcaSlicer/blob/main/resources/images/param_lockedzag.svg?raw=true) | [Locked Zag](#locked-zag) | - **[Sparse Infill](strength_settings_infill#sparse-infill-density)** | Normal-Low | Normal-Low | Low | Extra-High |
| ![param_line](https://github.com/SoftFever/OrcaSlicer/blob/main/resources/images/param_line.svg?raw=true) | [Line](#line) | - **[Sparse Infill](strength_settings_infill#sparse-infill-density)** | Low | Low | Normal-High | Normal-Low |
| ![param_grid](https://github.com/SoftFever/OrcaSlicer/blob/main/resources/images/param_grid.svg?raw=true) | [Grid](#grid) | - **[Sparse Infill](strength_settings_infill#sparse-infill-density)** | High | High | Normal-High | Normal-Low |
| ![param_triangles](https://github.com/SoftFever/OrcaSlicer/blob/main/resources/images/param_triangles.svg?raw=true) | [Triangles](#triangles) | - **[Sparse Infill](strength_settings_infill#sparse-infill-density)** | High | Normal | Normal-High | Normal-Low |
| ![param_tri-hexagon](https://github.com/SoftFever/OrcaSlicer/blob/main/resources/images/param_tri-hexagon.svg?raw=true) | [Tri-hexagon](#tri-hexagon) | - **[Sparse Infill](strength_settings_infill#sparse-infill-density)** | High | Normal-High | Normal-High | Normal-Low |
| ![param_cubic](https://github.com/SoftFever/OrcaSlicer/blob/main/resources/images/param_cubic.svg?raw=true) | [Cubic](#cubic) | - **[Sparse Infill](strength_settings_infill#sparse-infill-density)** | High | High | Normal-High | Normal-Low |
| ![param_adaptivecubic](https://github.com/SoftFever/OrcaSlicer/blob/main/resources/images/param_adaptivecubic.svg?raw=true) | [Adaptive Cubic](#adaptive-cubic) | - **[Sparse Infill](strength_settings_infill#sparse-infill-density)** | Normal-High | Normal-High | Normal | Low |
| ![param_quartercubic](https://github.com/SoftFever/OrcaSlicer/blob/main/resources/images/param_quartercubic.svg?raw=true) | [Quarter Cubic](#quarter-cubic) | - **[Sparse Infill](strength_settings_infill#sparse-infill-density)** | High | High | Normal-High | Normal-Low |
| ![param_supportcubic](https://github.com/SoftFever/OrcaSlicer/blob/main/resources/images/param_supportcubic.svg?raw=true) | [Support Cubic](#support-cubic) | - **[Sparse Infill](strength_settings_infill#sparse-infill-density)** | Low | Low | Normal | Extra-Low |
| ![param_lightning](https://github.com/SoftFever/OrcaSlicer/blob/main/resources/images/param_lightning.svg?raw=true) | [Lightning](#lightning) | - **[Sparse Infill](strength_settings_infill#sparse-infill-density)** | Low | Low | Low | Ultra-Low |
| ![param_honeycomb](https://github.com/SoftFever/OrcaSlicer/blob/main/resources/images/param_honeycomb.svg?raw=true) | [Honeycomb](#honeycomb) | - **[Sparse Infill](strength_settings_infill#sparse-infill-density)** | High | High | Low | Ultra-High |
| ![param_3dhoneycomb](https://github.com/SoftFever/OrcaSlicer/blob/main/resources/images/param_3dhoneycomb.svg?raw=true) | [3D Honeycomb](#3d-honeycomb) | - **[Sparse Infill](strength_settings_infill#sparse-infill-density)** | Normal-High | Normal-High | Low | High |
| ![param_lateral-honeycomb](https://github.com/SoftFever/OrcaSlicer/blob/main/resources/images/param_lateral-honeycomb.svg?raw=true) | [Lateral Honeycomb](#lateral-honeycomb) | - **[Sparse Infill](strength_settings_infill#sparse-infill-density)** | Normal-Low | Normal-Low | Normal-High | Normal-Low |
| ![param_lateral-lattice](https://github.com/SoftFever/OrcaSlicer/blob/main/resources/images/param_lateral-lattice.svg?raw=true) | [Lateral Lattice](#lateral-lattice) | - **[Sparse Infill](strength_settings_infill#sparse-infill-density)** | Normal-Low | Low | Normal-High | Normal-Low |
| ![param_crosshatch](https://github.com/SoftFever/OrcaSlicer/blob/main/resources/images/param_crosshatch.svg?raw=true) | [Cross Hatch](#cross-hatch) | - **[Sparse Infill](strength_settings_infill#sparse-infill-density)** | Normal-High | Normal-High | Normal-Low | Normal-High |
| ![param_tpmsd](https://github.com/SoftFever/OrcaSlicer/blob/main/resources/images/param_tpmsd.svg?raw=true) | [TPMS-D](#tpms-d) | - **[Sparse Infill](strength_settings_infill#sparse-infill-density)** | High | High | Normal-Low | High |
| ![param_tpmsfk](https://github.com/SoftFever/OrcaSlicer/blob/main/resources/images/param_tpmsfk.svg?raw=true) | [TPMS-FK](#tpms-fk) | - **[Sparse Infill](strength_settings_infill#sparse-infill-density)** | Normal-High | Normal-High | Low | High |
| ![param_gyroid](https://github.com/SoftFever/OrcaSlicer/blob/main/resources/images/param_gyroid.svg?raw=true) | [Gyroid](#gyroid) | - **[Sparse Infill](strength_settings_infill#sparse-infill-density)** | High | High | Normal-Low | Normal-High |
| ![param_concentric](https://github.com/SoftFever/OrcaSlicer/blob/main/resources/images/param_concentric.svg?raw=true) | [Concentric](#concentric) | - **[Sparse Infill](strength_settings_infill#sparse-infill-density)** - **[Solid Infill](strength_settings_infill#internal-solid-infill)** - **[Surface](strength_settings_top_bottom_shells)** - **[Ironing](quality_settings_ironing)** | Low | Normal | Normal-High | Normal-Low |
| ![param_hilbertcurve](https://github.com/SoftFever/OrcaSlicer/blob/main/resources/images/param_hilbertcurve.svg?raw=true) | [Hilbert Curve](#hilbert-curve) | - **[Sparse Infill](strength_settings_infill#sparse-infill-density)** - **[Solid Infill](strength_settings_infill#internal-solid-infill)** - **[Surface](strength_settings_top_bottom_shells)** | Low | Normal | Low | High |
| ![param_archimedeanchords](https://github.com/SoftFever/OrcaSlicer/blob/main/resources/images/param_archimedeanchords.svg?raw=true) | [Archimedean Chords](#archimedean-chords) | - **[Sparse Infill](strength_settings_infill#sparse-infill-density)** - **[Solid Infill](strength_settings_infill#internal-solid-infill)** - **[Surface](strength_settings_top_bottom_shells)** | Low | Normal | Normal-High | Normal-Low |
| ![param_octagramspiral](https://github.com/SoftFever/OrcaSlicer/blob/main/resources/images/param_octagramspiral.svg?raw=true) | [Octagram Spiral](#octagram-spiral) | - **[Sparse Infill](strength_settings_infill#sparse-infill-density)** - **[Solid Infill](strength_settings_infill#internal-solid-infill)** - **[Surface](strength_settings_top_bottom_shells)** | Low | Normal | Normal-Low | Normal |
> [!NOTE]
> You can download [infill_desc_calculator.xlsx](https://github.com/SoftFever/OrcaSlicer/blob/main/doc/print_settings/strength/infill_desc_calculator.xlsx?raw=true) used to calculate the values above.
## Monotonic
[Rectilinear](#rectilinear) in a uniform direction for a smoother visual surface.
- **Horizontal Strength (X-Y):** Normal
- **Vertical Strength (Z):** Normal
- **Density Calculation:** % of total infill volume
- **Material Usage:** Normal
- **Print Time:** Normal-Low
- **Material/Time (Higher better):** Normal-High
- **Applies to:**
- **[Solid Infill](strength_settings_infill#internal-solid-infill)**
- **[Surface](strength_settings_top_bottom_shells)**
![infill-top-monotonic](https://github.com/SoftFever/OrcaSlicer/blob/main/doc/images/fill/infill-top-monotonic.png?raw=true)
## Monotonic line
[Monotonic](#monotonic) but avoids overlapping with the perimeter, reducing excess material at joints. May introduce visible seams and increase print time.
- **Horizontal Strength (X-Y):** Normal
- **Vertical Strength (Z):** Normal
- **Density Calculation:** % of total infill volume
- **Material Usage:** Normal
- **Print Time:** Normal
- **Material/Time (Higher better):** Normal
- **Applies to:**
- **[Solid Infill](strength_settings_infill#internal-solid-infill)**
- **[Surface](strength_settings_top_bottom_shells)**
![infill-top-monotonic-line](https://github.com/SoftFever/OrcaSlicer/blob/main/doc/images/fill/infill-top-monotonic-line.png?raw=true)
## Rectilinear
Parallel lines spaced according to infill density. Each layer is printed perpendicular to the previous, resulting in low vertical bonding. Consider using new [Zig Zag](#zig-zag) infill instead.
- **Horizontal Strength (X-Y):** Normal-Low
- **Vertical Strength (Z):** Low
- **Density Calculation:** % of total infill volume
- **Material Usage:** Normal
- **Print Time:** Normal-Low
- **Material/Time (Higher better):** Normal
- **Applies to:**
- **[Sparse Infill](strength_settings_infill#sparse-infill-density)** - **[Solid Infill](strength_settings_infill#internal-solid-infill)**
- **[Surface](strength_settings_top_bottom_shells)**
- **[Ironing](quality_settings_ironing)**
![infill-top-rectilinear](https://github.com/SoftFever/OrcaSlicer/blob/main/doc/images/fill/infill-top-rectilinear.png?raw=true)
## Aligned Rectilinear
Parallel lines spaced by the infill spacing, each layer printed in the same direction as the previous layer. Good horizontal strength perpendicular to the lines, but terrible in parallel direction.
Recommended with layer anchoring to improve not perpendicular strength.
- **Horizontal Strength (X-Y):** Normal-Low
- **Vertical Strength (Z):** Normal
- **Density Calculation:** % of total infill volume
- **Material Usage:** Normal
- **Print Time:** Normal-Low
- **Material/Time (Higher better):** Normal
- **Applies to:**
- **[Sparse Infill](strength_settings_infill#sparse-infill-density)** - **[Solid Infill](strength_settings_infill#internal-solid-infill)**
- **[Surface](strength_settings_top_bottom_shells)**
![infill-top-aligned-rectilinear](https://github.com/SoftFever/OrcaSlicer/blob/main/doc/images/fill/infill-top-aligned-rectilinear.png?raw=true)
## Zig Zag
Similar to [rectilinear](#rectilinear) with consistent pattern between layers. Allows you to add a Symmetric infill Y axis for models with two symmetric parts.
- **Horizontal Strength (X-Y):** Normal-Low
- **Vertical Strength (Z):** Low
- **Density Calculation:** % of total infill volume
- **Material Usage:** Normal
- **Print Time:** Normal-Low
- **Material/Time (Higher better):** Normal
- **Applies to:**
- **[Sparse Infill](strength_settings_infill#sparse-infill-density)**
![infill-top-zig-zag](https://github.com/SoftFever/OrcaSlicer/blob/main/doc/images/fill/infill-top-zig-zag.png?raw=true)
## Cross Zag
Similar to [Zig Zag](#zig-zag) but displacing each layer with Infill shift step parameter.
- **Horizontal Strength (X-Y):** Normal
- **Vertical Strength (Z):** Low
- **Density Calculation:** % of total infill volume
- **Material Usage:** Normal
- **Print Time:** Normal-Low
- **Material/Time (Higher better):** Normal
- **Applies to:**
- **[Sparse Infill](strength_settings_infill#sparse-infill-density)**
![infill-top-cross-zag](https://github.com/SoftFever/OrcaSlicer/blob/main/doc/images/fill/infill-top-cross-zag.png?raw=true)
## Locked Zag
Adaptive version of [Zig Zag](#zig-zag) adding an external skin texture to interlock layers and a low material skeleton.
- **Horizontal Strength (X-Y):** Normal-Low
- **Vertical Strength (Z):** Normal-Low
- **Density Calculation:** Same as [Zig Zag](#zig-zag) but increasing near walls
- **Material Usage:** Normal-High
- **Print Time:** Extra-High
- **Material/Time (Higher better):** Low
- **Applies to:**
- **[Sparse Infill](strength_settings_infill#sparse-infill-density)**
![infill-top-locked-zag](https://github.com/SoftFever/OrcaSlicer/blob/main/doc/images/fill/infill-top-locked-zag.png?raw=true)
## Line
Similar to [rectilinear](#rectilinear), but each line is slightly rotated to improve print speed.
- **Horizontal Strength (X-Y):** Low
- **Vertical Strength (Z):** Low
- **Density Calculation:** % of total infill volume
- **Material Usage:** Normal
- **Print Time:** Normal-Low
- **Material/Time (Higher better):** Normal-High
- **Applies to:**
- **[Sparse Infill](strength_settings_infill#sparse-infill-density)**
![infill-top-line](https://github.com/SoftFever/OrcaSlicer/blob/main/doc/images/fill/infill-top-line.png?raw=true)
## Grid
Two-layer pattern of perpendicular lines, forming a grid. Overlapping points may cause noise or artifacts.
- **Horizontal Strength (X-Y):** High
- **Vertical Strength (Z):** High
- **Density Calculation:** % of total infill volume
- **Material Usage:** Normal
- **Print Time:** Normal-Low
- **Material/Time (Higher better):** Normal-High
- **Applies to:**
- **[Sparse Infill](strength_settings_infill#sparse-infill-density)**
![infill-top-grid](https://github.com/SoftFever/OrcaSlicer/blob/main/doc/images/fill/infill-top-grid.png?raw=true)
## Triangles
Triangle-based grid, offering strong X-Y strength but with triple overlaps at intersections.
- **Horizontal Strength (X-Y):** High
- **Vertical Strength (Z):** Normal
- **Density Calculation:** % of total infill volume
- **Material Usage:** Normal
- **Print Time:** Normal-Low
- **Material/Time (Higher better):** Normal-High
- **Applies to:**
- **[Sparse Infill](strength_settings_infill#sparse-infill-density)**
![infill-top-triangles](https://github.com/SoftFever/OrcaSlicer/blob/main/doc/images/fill/infill-top-triangles.png?raw=true)
## Tri-hexagon
Similar to the [triangles](#triangles) pattern but offset to prevent triple overlaps at intersections. This design combines triangles and hexagons, providing excellent X-Y strength.
- **Horizontal Strength (X-Y):** High
- **Vertical Strength (Z):** Normal-High
- **Density Calculation:** % of total infill volume
- **Material Usage:** Normal
- **Print Time:** Normal-Low
- **Material/Time (Higher better):** Normal-High
- **Applies to:**
- **[Sparse Infill](strength_settings_infill#sparse-infill-density)**
![infill-top-tri-hexagon](https://github.com/SoftFever/OrcaSlicer/blob/main/doc/images/fill/infill-top-tri-hexagon.png?raw=true)
## Cubic
3D cube pattern with corners facing down, distributing force in all directions. Triangles in the horizontal plane provide good X-Y strength.
- **Horizontal Strength (X-Y):** High
- **Vertical Strength (Z):** High
- **Density Calculation:** % of total infill volume
- **Material Usage:** Normal
- **Print Time:** Normal-Low
- **Material/Time (Higher better):** Normal-High
- **Applies to:**
- **[Sparse Infill](strength_settings_infill#sparse-infill-density)**
![infill-top-cubic](https://github.com/SoftFever/OrcaSlicer/blob/main/doc/images/fill/infill-top-cubic.png?raw=true)
## Adaptive Cubic
[Cubic](#cubic) pattern with adaptive density: denser near walls, sparser in the center. Saves material and time while maintaining strength, ideal for large prints.
- **Horizontal Strength (X-Y):** Normal-High
- **Vertical Strength (Z):** Normal-High
- **Density Calculation:** Same as [Cubic](#cubic) but reduced in the center
- **Material Usage:** Low
- **Print Time:** Low
- **Material/Time (Higher better):** Normal
- **Applies to:**
- **[Sparse Infill](strength_settings_infill#sparse-infill-density)**
![infill-top-adaptive-cubic](https://github.com/SoftFever/OrcaSlicer/blob/main/doc/images/fill/infill-top-adaptive-cubic.png?raw=true)
## Quarter Cubic
[Cubic](#cubic) pattern with extra internal divisions, improving X-Y strength.
- **Horizontal Strength (X-Y):** High
- **Vertical Strength (Z):** High
- **Density Calculation:** % of total infill volume
- **Material Usage:** Normal
- **Print Time:** Normal-Low
- **Material/Time (Higher better):** Normal-High
- **Applies to:**
- **[Sparse Infill](strength_settings_infill#sparse-infill-density)**
![infill-top-quarter-cubic](https://github.com/SoftFever/OrcaSlicer/blob/main/doc/images/fill/infill-top-quarter-cubic.png?raw=true)
## Support Cubic
Support |Cubic is a variation of the [Cubic](#cubic) infill pattern that is specifically designed for support top layers. Will use more material than Lightning infill but will provide better strength. Nevertheless, it is still a low-density infill pattern.
- **Horizontal Strength (X-Y):** Low
- **Vertical Strength (Z):** Low
- **Density Calculation:** % of layer before top shell layers
- **Material Usage:** Extra-Low
- **Print Time:** Extra-Low
- **Material/Time (Higher better):** Normal
- **Applies to:**
- **[Sparse Infill](strength_settings_infill#sparse-infill-density)**
![infill-top-support-cubic](https://github.com/SoftFever/OrcaSlicer/blob/main/doc/images/fill/infill-top-support-cubic.png?raw=true)
## Lightning
Ultra-fast, ultra-low material infill. Designed for speed and efficiency, ideal for quick prints or non-structural prototypes.
- **Horizontal Strength (X-Y):** Low
- **Vertical Strength (Z):** Low
- **Density Calculation:** % of layer before top shell layers
- **Material Usage:** Ultra-Low
- **Print Time:** Ultra-Low
- **Material/Time (Higher better):** Low
- **Applies to:**
- **[Sparse Infill](strength_settings_infill#sparse-infill-density)**
![infill-top-lightning](https://github.com/SoftFever/OrcaSlicer/blob/main/doc/images/fill/infill-top-lightning.png?raw=true)
## Honeycomb
Hexagonal pattern balancing strength and material use. Double walls in each hexagon increase material consumption.
- **Horizontal Strength (X-Y):** High
- **Vertical Strength (Z):** High
- **Density Calculation:** % of total infill volume
- **Material Usage:** High
- **Print Time:** Ultra-High
- **Material/Time (Higher better):** Low
- **Applies to:**
- **[Sparse Infill](strength_settings_infill#sparse-infill-density)**
![infill-top-honeycomb](https://github.com/SoftFever/OrcaSlicer/blob/main/doc/images/fill/infill-top-honeycomb.png?raw=true)
## 3D Honeycomb
This infill tries to generate a printable honeycomb structure by printing squares and octagons maintaining a vertical angle high enough to maintain contact with the previous layer.
- **Horizontal Strength (X-Y):** Normal-High
- **Vertical Strength (Z):** Normal-High
- **Density Calculation:** Unknown
- **Material Usage:** Normal-Low
- **Print Time:** High
- **Material/Time (Higher better):** Low
- **Applies to:**
- **[Sparse Infill](strength_settings_infill#sparse-infill-density)**
![infill-top-3d-honeycomb](https://github.com/SoftFever/OrcaSlicer/blob/main/doc/images/fill/infill-top-3d-honeycomb.png?raw=true)
## Lateral Honeycomb
Vertical Honeycomb pattern. Acceptable torsional stiffness. Developed for low densities structures like wings. Improve over [Lateral Lattice](#lateral-lattice) offers same performance with lower densities.This infill includes a Overhang angle parameter to improve the point of contact between layers and reduce the risk of delamination.
- **Horizontal Strength (X-Y):** Normal-Low
- **Vertical Strength (Z):** Normal-Low
- **Density Calculation:** % of total infill volume
- **Material Usage:** Normal
- **Print Time:** Normal-Low
- **Material/Time (Higher better):** Normal-High
- **Applies to:**
- **[Sparse Infill](strength_settings_infill#sparse-infill-density)**
![infill-top-lateral-honeycomb](https://github.com/SoftFever/OrcaSlicer/blob/main/doc/images/fill/infill-top-lateral-honeycomb.png?raw=true)
## Lateral Lattice
Low-strength pattern with good flexibility. You can adjust **Angle 1** and **Angle 2** to optimize the infill for your specific model. Each angle adjusts the plane of each layer generated by the pattern. 0° is vertical.
- **Horizontal Strength (X-Y):** Normal-Low
- **Vertical Strength (Z):** Low
- **Density Calculation:** % of total infill volume
- **Material Usage:** Normal
- **Print Time:** Normal-Low
- **Material/Time (Higher better):** Normal-High
- **Applies to:**
- **[Sparse Infill](strength_settings_infill#sparse-infill-density)**
![infill-top-lateral-lattice](https://github.com/SoftFever/OrcaSlicer/blob/main/doc/images/fill/infill-top-lateral-lattice.png?raw=true)
## Cross Hatch
Similar to [Gyroid](#gyroid) but with linear patterns, creating weak points at internal corners.
Easier to slice but consider using [TPMS-D](#tpms-d) or [Gyroid](#gyroid) for better strength and flexibility.
- **Horizontal Strength (X-Y):** Normal-High
- **Vertical Strength (Z):** Normal-High
- **Density Calculation:** % of total infill volume
- **Material Usage:** Normal
- **Print Time:** Normal-High
- **Material/Time (Higher better):** Normal-Low
- **Applies to:**
- **[Sparse Infill](strength_settings_infill#sparse-infill-density)**
![infill-top-cross-hatch](https://github.com/SoftFever/OrcaSlicer/blob/main/doc/images/fill/infill-top-cross-hatch.png?raw=true)
## TPMS-D
Triply Periodic Minimal Surface (Schwarz Diamond). Hybrid between [Cross Hatch](#cross-hatch) and [Gyroid](#gyroid), combining rigidity and smooth transitions. Isotropic and strong in all directions. This geometry is faster to slice than Gyroid, but slower than Cross Hatch.
- **Horizontal Strength (X-Y):** High
- **Vertical Strength (Z):** High
- **Density Calculation:** % of total infill volume
- **Material Usage:** Normal
- **Print Time:** High
- **Material/Time (Higher better):** Normal-Low
- **Applies to:**
- **[Sparse Infill](strength_settings_infill#sparse-infill-density)**
![infill-top-tpms-d](https://github.com/SoftFever/OrcaSlicer/blob/main/doc/images/fill/infill-top-tpms-d.png?raw=true)
## TPMS-FK
Triply Periodic Minimal Surface (Fischer–Koch S) pattern. Its smooth, continuous geometry resembles trabecular bone microstructure, offering a balance between rigidity and energy absorption. Compared to [TPMS-D](#tpms-d), it has more complex curvature, which can improve load distribution and shock absorption in functional parts.
- **Horizontal Strength (X-Y):** Normal-High
- **Vertical Strength (Z):** Normal-High
- **Density Calculation:** % of total infill volume
- **Material Usage:** Normal
- **Print Time:** High
- **Material/Time (Higher better):** Low
- **Applies to:**
- **[Sparse Infill](strength_settings_infill#sparse-infill-density)**
![infill-top-tpms-fk](https://github.com/SoftFever/OrcaSlicer/blob/main/doc/images/fill/infill-top-tpms-fk.png?raw=true)
## Gyroid
Mathematical, isotropic surface providing equal strength in all directions. Excellent for strong, flexible prints and resin filling due to its interconnected structure. This pattern may require more time to slice because of all the points needed to generate each curve. If your model has complex geometry, consider using a simpler infill pattern like [TPMS-D](#tpms-d) or [Cross Hatch](#cross-hatch).
- **Horizontal Strength (X-Y):** High
- **Vertical Strength (Z):** High
- **Density Calculation:** % of total infill volume
- **Material Usage:** Normal
- **Print Time:** Normal-High
- **Material/Time (Higher better):** Normal-Low
- **Applies to:**
- **[Sparse Infill](strength_settings_infill#sparse-infill-density)**
![infill-top-gyroid](https://github.com/SoftFever/OrcaSlicer/blob/main/doc/images/fill/infill-top-gyroid.png?raw=true)
## Concentric
Fills the area with progressively smaller versions of the outer contour, creating a concentric pattern. Ideal for 100% infill or flexible prints.
- **Horizontal Strength (X-Y):** Low
- **Vertical Strength (Z):** Normal
- **Density Calculation:** % of total infill volume
- **Material Usage:** Normal
- **Print Time:** Normal-Low
- **Material/Time (Higher better):** Normal-High
- **Applies to:**
- **[Sparse Infill](strength_settings_infill#sparse-infill-density)** - **[Solid Infill](strength_settings_infill#internal-solid-infill)**
- **[Surface](strength_settings_top_bottom_shells)**
- **[Ironing](quality_settings_ironing)**
![infill-top-concentric](https://github.com/SoftFever/OrcaSlicer/blob/main/doc/images/fill/infill-top-concentric.png?raw=true)
## Hilbert Curve
Hilbert Curve is a space-filling curve that can be used to create a continuous infill pattern. It is known for its Esthetic appeal and ability to fill space efficiently.
Print speed is very low due to the complexity of the path, which can lead to longer print times. It is not recommended for structural parts but can be used for Esthetic purposes.
- **Horizontal Strength (X-Y):** Low
- **Vertical Strength (Z):** Normal
- **Density Calculation:** % of total infill volume
- **Material Usage:** Normal
- **Print Time:** High
- **Material/Time (Higher better):** Low
- **Applies to:**
- **[Sparse Infill](strength_settings_infill#sparse-infill-density)** - **[Solid Infill](strength_settings_infill#internal-solid-infill)**
- **[Surface](strength_settings_top_bottom_shells)**
![infill-top-hilbert-curve](https://github.com/SoftFever/OrcaSlicer/blob/main/doc/images/fill/infill-top-hilbert-curve.png?raw=true)
## Archimedean Chords
Spiral pattern that fills the area with concentric arcs, creating a smooth and continuous infill. Can be filled with resin thanks to its interconnected hollow structure, which allows the resin to flow through it and cure properly.
- **Horizontal Strength (X-Y):** Low
- **Vertical Strength (Z):** Normal
- **Density Calculation:** % of total infill volume
- **Material Usage:** Normal
- **Print Time:** Normal-Low
- **Material/Time (Higher better):** Normal-High
- **Applies to:**
- **[Sparse Infill](strength_settings_infill#sparse-infill-density)** - **[Solid Infill](strength_settings_infill#internal-solid-infill)**
- **[Surface](strength_settings_top_bottom_shells)**
![infill-top-archimedean-chords](https://github.com/SoftFever/OrcaSlicer/blob/main/doc/images/fill/infill-top-archimedean-chords.png?raw=true)
## Octagram Spiral
Esthetic pattern with low strength and high print time.
- **Horizontal Strength (X-Y):** Low
- **Vertical Strength (Z):** Normal
- **Density Calculation:** % of total infill volume
- **Material Usage:** Normal
- **Print Time:** Normal
- **Material/Time (Higher better):** Normal-Low
- **Applies to:**
- **[Sparse Infill](strength_settings_infill#sparse-infill-density)** - **[Solid Infill](strength_settings_infill#internal-solid-infill)**
- **[Surface](strength_settings_top_bottom_shells)**
![infill-top-octagram-spiral](https://github.com/SoftFever/OrcaSlicer/blob/main/doc/images/fill/infill-top-octagram-spiral.png?raw=true)

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doc/print_settings/strength/strength_settings_top_bottom_shells.md
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# Top and Bottom Shells
Controls how the top and bottom solid layers (shells) are generated in the print.
Controls how the top and bottom solid layers (shells) are generated.
![top-bottom-shells](https://github.com/SoftFever/OrcaSlicer/blob/main/doc/images/top-bottom-shells/top-bottom-shells.png?raw=true)
## Shells Layers
## Shell Layers
This is the number of solid layers of shell, including the surface layer. When the thickness calculated by this value is thinner than shell thickness, the shell layers will be increased.
This is the number of solid shell layers, including the surface layer.
When the thickness calculated from this value is less than [shell thickness](#shell-thickness), the shell layers will be increased.
These layers are printed over the [sparse infill](strength_settings_infill), so increasing **shell layers** will increase overall part strength and top surface quality.
It's usually recommended to have at least 3 shell layers for most prints.
## Shell Thickness
The number of solid layers is increased when slicing if the thickness calculated by shell layers is thinner than this value. This can avoid having too thin shell when layer height is small. 0 means that this setting is disabled and thickness of shell is absolutely determined by shell layers.
The number of solid layers is increased during slicing if the thickness calculated from shell layers is thinner than this value. This avoids having too thin a shell when layer height is small.
0 means this setting is disabled and shell thickness is determined entirely by [shell layers](#shell-layers).
## Surface Density
This setting controls the density of the top and bottom surfaces. A value of 100% means a solid surface, while lower values create a sparse surface. This can be used for esthetic purposes, gripping or making interfaces with the bed.
This setting controls the density of the top and bottom surfaces. A value of 100% means a solid surface, while lower values create a sparse surface.
This can be used for aesthetic purposes, improving grip or creating interfaces.
## Infill/Wall Overlap
Top solid infill area is enlarged slightly to overlap with wall for better bonding and to minimize the appearance of pinholes where the infill meets the walls. A value of 25-30% is a good starting point, minimizing the appearance of pinholes. The percentage value is relative to line width of sparse infill.
The top solid infill area is slightly enlarged to overlap with walls for better bonding and to minimize pinholes where the infill meets the walls.
A value of 25-30% is a good starting point. The percentage value is relative to the line width of the sparse infill.
> [!TIP]
> Check [Monotonic Line](strength_settings_patterns#monotonic-line) to learn about its overlaying differences with [Monotonic](strength_settings_patterns#monotonic) and [Rectilinear](strength_settings_patterns#rectilinear).
## Surface Pattern
This setting controls the pattern of the surface. The options are:
This setting controls the pattern of the surfaces.
If [Shell Layers](#shell-layers) is greater than 1, the surface pattern will be applied to the outermost shell layer only and the rest will use [Internal Solid Infill Pattern](strength_settings_infill#internal-solid-infill).
- **[Concentric](strength_settings_infill#concentric):** Fills the surface with inward-tracing loops that follow the outer contour.
- **[Rectilinear](strength_settings_infill#rectilinear):** Fills the surface with straight lines alternating direction per layer.
- **Monotonic:** Prints lines in a uniform direction for a smoother visual surface.
- **Monotonic Lines:** Similar to Monotonic but avoids overlapping with the perimeter, reducing excess material at joints. May introduce visible seams.
- **[Aligned Rectilinear](strength_settings_infill#aligned-rectilinear):** The surface is printed with rectilinear lines that are aligned with the infill pattern.
- **[Hilbert Curve](strength_settings_infill#hilbert-curve):** Applies a space-filling curve for even material distribution and a unique appearance. Slow to print but useful in esthetic applications.
- **[Archimedean Chords](strength_settings_infill#archimedean-chords):** Generates concentric arc-like lines, promoting uniform material spread.
- **[Octagram Spiral](strength_settings_infill#octagram-spiral):** Creates an octagonal spiral for decorative, esthetic surfaces.
> [!TIP]
> See [Infill Patterns Wiki List](strength_settings_patterns) with **detailed specifications**, including their strengths and weaknesses.
> [!NOTE]
> Some patterns may have further information in its [Sparse Infill Pattern Wiki](strength_settings_infill#sparse-infill-pattern)
The surface patterns are:
- **[Concentric](strength_settings_patterns#concentric)**
- **[Rectilinear](strength_settings_patterns#rectilinear)**
- **[Monotonic](strength_settings_patterns#monotonic)**
- **[Monotonic Line](strength_settings_patterns#monotonic-line)** Usually Recommended for Top.
- **[Aligned Rectilinear](strength_settings_patterns#aligned-rectilinear)**
- **[Hilbert Curve](strength_settings_patterns#hilbert-curve)**
- **[Archimedean Chords](strength_settings_patterns#archimedean-chords)**
- **[Octagram Spiral](strength_settings_patterns#octagram-spiral)**

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# Walls
In 3D printing, "walls" refer to the outer layers of a printed object that provide its shape and structural integrity. Adjusting wall settings can significantly affect the strength, appearance, and print time of your model.
In 3D printing, "walls" refer to the outer layers of a printed object that provide its shape and structural integrity.
Adjusting wall settings can significantly affect layer adhesion, strength, appearance and print time of your model.
![walls](https://github.com/SoftFever/OrcaSlicer/blob/main/doc/images/walls/walls.png?raw=true)
- [Wall loops](#wall-loops)
- [Alternate extra wall](#alternate-extra-wall)
- [Detect thin wall](#detect-thin-wall)
## Wall loops
"Wall loops" refers to the number of times the outer wall is printed in a loop. Increasing the wall loops can improve the strength and durability of the print, but may also increase print time.
"Wall loops" refers to the number of times the outer wall is printed in a loop.
Increasing the wall loops will:
- Enhance:
- Layer adhesion
- Strength
- Rigidity
- Reduce infill ghosting
- Increase print time
## Alternate extra wall
This setting adds an extra wall to every other layer. This way the infill gets wedged vertically between the walls, resulting in stronger prints.
When this option is enabled, the ensure vertical shell thickness option needs to be disabled.
Using lightning infill together with this option is not recommended as there is limited infill to anchor the extra perimeters to.
> [!WARNING]
> It's not recommended to use this option with:
> - [Lightning infill](strength_settings_patterns#lightning) as there is limited infill to anchor the extra perimeters to.
> - **[Ensure vertical shell thickness: ALL](strength_settings_advanced#ensure-vertical-shell-thickness)**
## Detect thin wall
Detect thin wall which can't contain two line width. And use single line to print. Maybe printed not very well, because it's not closed loop.
By default, walls are printed as closed loops. When a wall is too thin to contain two line widths, enabling "Detect thin walls" prints it as a single extrusion line.
Thin walls printed this way may have reduced surface quality and strength because they are not closed loops.
> [!TIP]
> Usually, it is recommended to use [Arachne wall generator](quality_settings_wall_generator#arachne) which will disable "Detect thin walls" because it uses a different approach to wall generation.
- In small details it can generate details that wouldn't be possible with traditional wall generation methods.
![walls-small-detect-thin-off](https://github.com/SoftFever/OrcaSlicer/blob/main/doc/images/walls/walls-small-detect-thin-off.png?raw=true)
![walls-small-detect-thin-on](https://github.com/SoftFever/OrcaSlicer/blob/main/doc/images/walls/walls-small-detect-thin-on.png?raw=true)
- In large prints, it can generate defects more easily due to the reduced wall thickness.
![walls-big-detect-thin-off-on](https://github.com/SoftFever/OrcaSlicer/blob/main/doc/images/walls/walls-big-detect-thin-off-on.png?raw=true)