merge

tests/fff_print/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ add_executable(${_TEST_NAME}_tests
 	test_printgcode.cpp
 	test_printobject.cpp
 	test_skirt_brim.cpp
+	test_slicing_pipeline_hook.cpp
 	test_support_material.cpp
 	test_trianglemesh.cpp
 	)

tests/fff_print/test_slicing_pipeline_hook.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,559 @@
+#include <catch2/catch_test_macros.hpp>
+#include "libslic3r/PrintConfig.hpp"
+using namespace Slic3r;
+
+TEST_CASE("slicing_pipeline_plugin option exists and defaults empty", "[slicing_pipeline]") {
+    DynamicPrintConfig cfg = DynamicPrintConfig::full_print_config();
+    const ConfigOptionStrings* opt = cfg.option<ConfigOptionStrings>("slicing_pipeline_plugin");
+    REQUIRE(opt != nullptr);
+    CHECK(opt->values.empty());
+    const ConfigOptionDef* def = cfg.def()->get("slicing_pipeline_plugin");
+    REQUIRE(def != nullptr);
+    CHECK(def->plugin_type == "slicing-pipeline");
+    CHECK(def->is_plugin_backed());
+    CHECK(def->gui_type == ConfigOptionDef::GUIType::plugin_picker);
+}
+
+#include "libslic3r/Print.hpp"
+
+TEST_CASE("slicing pipeline hook setter is a no-op-safe injection", "[slicing_pipeline]") {
+    int calls = 0;
+    Slic3r::Print::set_slicing_pipeline_hook_fn(
+        [&](Slic3r::Print&, const Slic3r::PrintObject*, Slic3r::SlicingPipelineStepPlugin){ ++calls; });
+    Slic3r::Print::set_slicing_pipeline_hook_fn(nullptr); // reset — must be legal
+    CHECK(calls == 0);
+}
+
+#include "test_data.hpp"
+#include <vector>
+#include <algorithm>
+using namespace Slic3r::Test;
+
+TEST_CASE("SlicingPipeline hook fires once per step per object in order", "[slicing_pipeline]") {
+    struct Call { const Slic3r::PrintObject* obj; Slic3r::SlicingPipelineStepPlugin step; };
+    std::vector<Call> calls;
+    Slic3r::Print::set_slicing_pipeline_hook_fn(
+        [&](Slic3r::Print&, const Slic3r::PrintObject* o, Slic3r::SlicingPipelineStepPlugin s){ calls.push_back({o, s}); });
+
+    Slic3r::Print print; Slic3r::Model model;
+    Slic3r::DynamicPrintConfig config = Slic3r::DynamicPrintConfig::full_print_config();
+    config.set_key_value("slicing_pipeline_plugin", new Slic3r::ConfigOptionStrings({"probe"})); // activate
+    init_print({TestMesh::cube_20x20x20}, print, model, config);
+    print.process();
+    Slic3r::Print::set_slicing_pipeline_hook_fn(nullptr);
+
+    using S = Slic3r::SlicingPipelineStepPlugin;
+    auto count = [&](S s){ return std::count_if(calls.begin(), calls.end(), [&](const Call& c){ return c.step == s; }); };
+    CHECK(count(S::posSlice) == 1);
+    CHECK(count(S::posPerimeters) == 1);
+    CHECK(count(S::posPrepareInfill) == 1);   // the prepare-infill seam fires once per object
+    CHECK(count(S::posInfill) == 1);
+    CHECK(count(S::psWipeTower) == 1);
+    CHECK(count(S::psSkirtBrim) == 1);
+    // psGCodePostProcess fires from the GUI export path, never from process():
+    CHECK(count(S::psGCodePostProcess) == 0);
+    // print-wide steps carry a null object:
+    for (const auto& c : calls)
+        if (c.step == S::psWipeTower || c.step == S::psSkirtBrim) CHECK(c.obj == nullptr);
+    // Slice must fire before Perimeters for the same object:
+    auto idx = [&](S s){ for (size_t i=0;i<calls.size();++i) if (calls[i].step==s) return (int)i; return -1; };
+    CHECK(idx(S::posSlice) < idx(S::posPerimeters));
+    CHECK(idx(S::posPerimeters) < idx(S::posPrepareInfill)); // prepare-infill fires after perimeters...
+    CHECK(idx(S::posPrepareInfill) < idx(S::posInfill));     // ...and before the fills are built
+}
+
+#include <sstream>
+#include <cmath>
+
+// Exported G-code carries a few nondeterministic comment lines unrelated to toolpaths: a
+// wall-clock timestamp ("; generated by ..."), ObjectID-derived ids (from a process-global
+// counter never reset between runs), and a config-dump line naming the selected plugin (an
+// active run records it, the absent baseline does not). Strip exactly those lines so a raw
+// byte-compare isolates the real motion/extrusion output; every other byte is still compared.
+static std::string strip_nondeterministic_gcode_lines(const std::string& gcode) {
+    std::string out; out.reserve(gcode.size());
+    std::istringstream in(gcode);
+    std::string line;
+    while (std::getline(in, line)) {
+        if (line.compare(0, 15, "; generated by ") == 0) continue;    // wall-clock timestamp
+        if (line.compare(0, 18, "; model label id: ") == 0) continue; // ObjectID-derived
+        // "; [stop] printing object <name> id:N copy M" / "... unique label id: N" (ObjectID-derived):
+        if (line.find("printing object") != std::string::npos && line.find(" id:") != std::string::npos) continue;
+        if (line.find("slicing_pipeline_plugin") != std::string::npos) continue; // config-dump plugin name
+        out += line; out += '\n';
+    }
+    return out;
+}
+
+TEST_CASE("Inactive hook: process output is byte-identical (no-op hook == unset)", "[slicing_pipeline]") {
+    // Three configurations must all normalize to the same G-code:
+    //   (activate=false, hook=none) baseline -- feature entirely absent.
+    //   (activate=false, hook=noop) hook registered but option empty -> gated off, never fires.
+    //   (activate=true,  hook=noop) hook ACTIVE and firing at every pipeline seam, mutating
+    //                               nothing. This is the real backward-compat claim: an active
+    //                               but non-mutating hook must not perturb the output.
+    auto run = [](bool activate, bool set_noop_hook) {
+        Slic3r::Print print; Slic3r::Model model;
+        auto config = Slic3r::DynamicPrintConfig::full_print_config();
+        // Activating requires BOTH a non-empty option and a registered hook (see Print::apply).
+        if (activate)
+            config.set_key_value("slicing_pipeline_plugin", new Slic3r::ConfigOptionStrings({"probe"}));
+        if (set_noop_hook)
+            Slic3r::Print::set_slicing_pipeline_hook_fn([](Slic3r::Print&, const Slic3r::PrintObject*, Slic3r::SlicingPipelineStepPlugin){});
+        else
+            Slic3r::Print::set_slicing_pipeline_hook_fn(nullptr);
+        init_print({TestMesh::cube_20x20x20}, print, model, config);
+        std::string g = Slic3r::Test::gcode(print);
+        Slic3r::Print::set_slicing_pipeline_hook_fn(nullptr);
+        return g;
+    };
+    // Compare only machine-meaningful output (see strip_nondeterministic_gcode_lines): every
+    // motion/extrusion byte is still compared, so this proves the inactive hook -- and the
+    // active-but-non-mutating hook -- leave the real toolpath byte-identical.
+    const std::string baseline = strip_nondeterministic_gcode_lines(run(false, false)); // feature absent
+    CHECK(strip_nondeterministic_gcode_lines(run(false, true)) == baseline);  // gated off: hook never fires
+    CHECK(strip_nondeterministic_gcode_lines(run(true,  true)) == baseline);  // active no-op hook fires everywhere, mutates nothing
+}
+
+// Gating negative path. With the option EMPTY the plugin is inactive, so a
+// registered hook must NOT fire even once across a full slice (m_pipeline_plugin_active
+// stays false in Print::apply). Distinct from the byte-identical test above: this asserts
+// the gate directly by counting invocations rather than comparing output.
+TEST_CASE("Empty option: registered hook is gated off and never fires", "[slicing_pipeline]") {
+    int calls = 0;
+    Slic3r::Print::set_slicing_pipeline_hook_fn(
+        [&](Slic3r::Print&, const Slic3r::PrintObject*, Slic3r::SlicingPipelineStepPlugin){ ++calls; });
+    Slic3r::Print print; Slic3r::Model model;
+    auto config = Slic3r::DynamicPrintConfig::full_print_config();
+    // option left EMPTY -> inactive regardless of the registered hook.
+    init_print({TestMesh::cube_20x20x20}, print, model, config);
+    print.process();
+    Slic3r::Print::set_slicing_pipeline_hook_fn(nullptr);
+    CHECK(calls == 0);
+}
+
+// Duplicate-skip gating. Two ModelObjects that share one mesh_ptr are detected as
+// identical by Print::process()'s is_print_object_the_same(); the second becomes a shared
+// (duplicate) object and is NOT re-sliced, so the Slice hook must fire exactly once even
+// though there are two print objects. The clone shares mesh_ptr and copies the volume
+// transformation/config (ModelVolume copy ctor), which the equality check requires.
+TEST_CASE("Duplicate objects share a slice: Slice hook fires exactly once", "[slicing_pipeline]") {
+    int slice_calls = 0, perim_calls = 0;
+    Slic3r::Print::set_slicing_pipeline_hook_fn(
+        [&](Slic3r::Print&, const Slic3r::PrintObject*, Slic3r::SlicingPipelineStepPlugin s){
+            if (s == Slic3r::SlicingPipelineStepPlugin::posSlice)      ++slice_calls;
+            if (s == Slic3r::SlicingPipelineStepPlugin::posPerimeters) ++perim_calls;
+        });
+
+    Slic3r::Print print; Slic3r::Model model;
+    auto config = Slic3r::DynamicPrintConfig::full_print_config();
+    config.set_key_value("slicing_pipeline_plugin", new Slic3r::ConfigOptionStrings({"probe"})); // activate
+
+    // init_print builds one arranged, on-bed cube object (o1).
+    init_print({TestMesh::cube_20x20x20}, print, model, config);
+    Slic3r::ModelObject* o1 = model.objects.front();
+    // Model::add_object(const ModelObject&) force-sets object extruder=1 on the clone; give o1
+    // the same so the two objects' configs match (is_print_object_the_same compares config).
+    if (!o1->config.has("extruder"))
+        o1->config.set_key_value("extruder", new Slic3r::ConfigOptionInt(1));
+    // Clone o1: shares mesh_ptr and copies the volume transformation + config (genuine duplicate).
+    Slic3r::ModelObject* o2 = model.add_object(*o1);
+    // Shift the clone in X so validate() sees no collision (20mm cubes -> 40mm centres = 20mm gap).
+    for (Slic3r::ModelInstance* inst : o2->instances)
+        inst->set_offset(inst->get_offset() + Slic3r::Vec3d(40.0, 0.0, 0.0));
+
+    print.apply(model, config);
+    print.validate();
+    print.set_status_silent();
+    print.process();
+    Slic3r::Print::set_slicing_pipeline_hook_fn(nullptr);
+
+    REQUIRE(print.objects().size() == 2);   // two print objects present...
+    CHECK(slice_calls == 1);                // ...but the duplicate is skipped -> one slice
+    CHECK(perim_calls == 1);                // and one perimeters pass (the sliced object)
+}
+
+#include "libslic3r/Layer.hpp"          // Layer, LayerRegion (full defs for the cascade hook)
+#include "libslic3r/ClipperUtils.hpp"   // offset_ex
+
+// The correctness heart of the mutation feature. A C++ hook insets every
+// region's `slices` at the Slice boundary (via SurfaceCollection::set with offset
+// polygons); because make_perimeters() derives fill_surfaces from slices AFTER the
+// Slice hook fires (see Print::process's split slice loop), the downstream
+// fill_surfaces area must shrink relative to a baseline (un-inset) run. This proves
+// the mutation cascade end-to-end using the same C++ APIs the Python mutators wrap.
+TEST_CASE("Mutating slices at the Slice boundary cascades downstream", "[slicing_pipeline]") {
+    auto fill_area = [](bool inset) {
+        Slic3r::Print print; Slic3r::Model model;
+        auto config = Slic3r::DynamicPrintConfig::full_print_config();
+        config.set_key_value("slicing_pipeline_plugin", new Slic3r::ConfigOptionStrings({"probe"}));
+        if (inset) Slic3r::Print::set_slicing_pipeline_hook_fn(
+            [](Slic3r::Print&, const Slic3r::PrintObject* o, Slic3r::SlicingPipelineStepPlugin s){
+                if (s != Slic3r::SlicingPipelineStepPlugin::posSlice || !o) return;
+                for (Slic3r::Layer* l : const_cast<Slic3r::PrintObject*>(o)->layers())
+                    for (Slic3r::LayerRegion* r : l->regions()) {
+                        Slic3r::Surfaces in = r->slices.surfaces;
+                        for (auto& sf : in) sf.expolygon = offset_ex(sf.expolygon, -scale_(1.0)).front();
+                        r->slices.set(std::move(in));
+                    }
+            });
+        else Slic3r::Print::set_slicing_pipeline_hook_fn(nullptr);
+        init_print({TestMesh::cube_20x20x20}, print, model, config);
+        print.process();
+        double a = 0; for (auto* l : print.objects().front()->layers()) for (auto* r : l->regions()) for (auto& s : r->fill_surfaces.surfaces) a += s.expolygon.area();
+        Slic3r::Print::set_slicing_pipeline_hook_fn(nullptr);
+        return a;
+    };
+    CHECK(fill_area(true) < fill_area(false));
+}
+
+TEST_CASE("Changing slicing_pipeline_plugin invalidates posSlice", "[slicing_pipeline]") {
+    Slic3r::Print print; Slic3r::Model model;
+    auto config = Slic3r::DynamicPrintConfig::full_print_config();
+    init_print({TestMesh::cube_20x20x20}, print, model, config);
+    print.process();
+    REQUIRE(print.objects().front()->is_step_done(posSlice));
+    config.set_key_value("slicing_pipeline_plugin", new Slic3r::ConfigOptionStrings({"probe"}));
+    print.apply(model, config);
+    CHECK_FALSE(print.objects().front()->is_step_done(posSlice)); // re-slice required
+}
+
+#include <catch2/matchers/catch_matchers_floating_point.hpp>
+
+// A similarity transform (rotate + uniform scale) applied to slices at Step.posSlice, matching
+// what the Twistify sample (sandboxes/orca_twistify_plugin_example_any.py) does. This C++ analogue
+// rotates every region's slices a fixed 45 deg about the object's base-footprint center -- the same
+// seam and cascade the sample drives through the slices.set() + Layer::make_slices() path. Two
+// end-to-end invariants after process() confirm the approach:
+//   (1) a pure rotation is a similarity with scale 1, so total fill area is preserved, and
+//   (2) the mutation genuinely cascaded into make_perimeters' fill_surfaces -- a 20mm square
+//       rotated 45 deg becomes a diamond whose bbox is ~sqrt(2)x wider (it did not stay
+//       axis-aligned), proving downstream geometry was rebuilt from the twisted slices.
+TEST_CASE("Rotating slices at the Slice boundary cascades (area preserved, bbox rotated)", "[slicing_pipeline]") {
+    using Catch::Matchers::WithinRel;
+    struct Measure { double area; double width; double height; };
+    auto measure = [](bool rotate) -> Measure {
+        Slic3r::Print print; Slic3r::Model model;
+        auto config = Slic3r::DynamicPrintConfig::full_print_config();
+        config.set_key_value("slicing_pipeline_plugin", new Slic3r::ConfigOptionStrings({"probe"}));
+        if (rotate) Slic3r::Print::set_slicing_pipeline_hook_fn(
+            [](Slic3r::Print&, const Slic3r::PrintObject* o, Slic3r::SlicingPipelineStepPlugin s){
+                if (s != Slic3r::SlicingPipelineStepPlugin::posSlice || !o) return;
+                auto* obj = const_cast<Slic3r::PrintObject*>(o);
+                // Twist axis = center of the first sliced layer's footprint (Twistify's anchor).
+                coord_t nx=0, xx=0, ny=0, xy=0; bool seeded=false;
+                for (Slic3r::Layer* l : obj->layers()) {
+                    for (Slic3r::LayerRegion* r : l->regions())
+                        for (const Slic3r::Surface& sf : r->slices.surfaces)
+                            for (const Slic3r::Point& p : sf.expolygon.contour.points) {
+                                if (!seeded) { nx=xx=p.x(); ny=xy=p.y(); seeded=true; }
+                                else { nx=std::min(nx,p.x()); xx=std::max(xx,p.x());
+                                       ny=std::min(ny,p.y()); xy=std::max(xy,p.y()); }
+                            }
+                    if (seeded) break;
+                }
+                const double cx = 0.5*((double)nx+(double)xx), cy = 0.5*((double)ny+(double)xy);
+                const double ct = 0.7071067811865476, st = 0.7071067811865476; // cos/sin 45 deg
+                auto rot = [&](const Slic3r::Point& p) {
+                    const double dx = (double)p.x()-cx, dy = (double)p.y()-cy;
+                    return Slic3r::Point((coord_t)std::llround(dx*ct - dy*st + cx),
+                                         (coord_t)std::llround(dx*st + dy*ct + cy));
+                };
+                for (Slic3r::Layer* l : obj->layers())
+                    for (Slic3r::LayerRegion* r : l->regions()) {
+                        Slic3r::Surfaces in = r->slices.surfaces;
+                        for (auto& sf : in) {
+                            for (auto& pt : sf.expolygon.contour.points) pt = rot(pt);
+                            for (auto& h : sf.expolygon.holes)
+                                for (auto& pt : h.points) pt = rot(pt);
+                        }
+                        r->slices.set(std::move(in));
+                    }
+            });
+        else Slic3r::Print::set_slicing_pipeline_hook_fn(nullptr);
+        init_print({TestMesh::cube_20x20x20}, print, model, config);
+        print.process();
+        double area = 0;
+        coord_t nx=0, xx=0, ny=0, xy=0; bool seeded=false;
+        for (auto* l : print.objects().front()->layers())
+            for (auto* r : l->regions())
+                for (auto& sf : r->fill_surfaces.surfaces) {
+                    area += sf.expolygon.area();
+                    for (const Slic3r::Point& p : sf.expolygon.contour.points) {
+                        if (!seeded) { nx=xx=p.x(); ny=xy=p.y(); seeded=true; }
+                        else { nx=std::min(nx,p.x()); xx=std::max(xx,p.x());
+                               ny=std::min(ny,p.y()); xy=std::max(xy,p.y()); }
+                    }
+                }
+        Slic3r::Print::set_slicing_pipeline_hook_fn(nullptr);
+        return { area, (double)(xx-nx), (double)(xy-ny) };
+    };
+    const Measure base = measure(false);
+    const Measure rot  = measure(true);
+    // (1) A pure rotation preserves area (similarity, scale 1): fills add up to the same area.
+    CHECK_THAT(rot.area, WithinRel(base.area, 0.05));
+    // (2) The rotation cascaded downstream: the square's fill bbox grew toward the sqrt(2)
+    //     diagonal (diamond) instead of staying axis-aligned.
+    CHECK(rot.width  > 1.3 * base.width);
+    CHECK(rot.width  < 1.5 * base.width);
+    CHECK(rot.height > 1.3 * base.height);
+    CHECK(rot.height < 1.5 * base.height);
+}
+
+// The Twistify sample skips exact-identity layers entirely, but every transformed layer invokes
+// the slices.set() write-back + make_perimeters re-run. This proves that write path is lossless
+// for already-normalized (CCW contour / CW hole) input -- an active hook that re-sets every
+// region's slices to their CURRENT geometry (the identity similarity transform) produces output
+// byte-identical to an active hook that mutates nothing. Both runs are active (same config dump);
+// the only difference is whether the write path ran, so equality isolates it.
+TEST_CASE("Identity round-trip through slices.set() is byte-identical", "[slicing_pipeline]") {
+    auto run = [](bool roundtrip) {
+        Slic3r::Print print; Slic3r::Model model;
+        auto config = Slic3r::DynamicPrintConfig::full_print_config();
+        config.set_key_value("slicing_pipeline_plugin", new Slic3r::ConfigOptionStrings({"probe"})); // active in both runs
+        Slic3r::Print::set_slicing_pipeline_hook_fn(
+            [roundtrip](Slic3r::Print&, const Slic3r::PrintObject* o, Slic3r::SlicingPipelineStepPlugin s){
+                if (!roundtrip || s != Slic3r::SlicingPipelineStepPlugin::posSlice || !o) return;
+                for (Slic3r::Layer* l : const_cast<Slic3r::PrintObject*>(o)->layers())
+                    for (Slic3r::LayerRegion* r : l->regions()) {
+                        Slic3r::Surfaces in = r->slices.surfaces; // copy current (already-normalized) geometry
+                        r->slices.set(std::move(in));             // write back unchanged: identity transform
+                    }
+            });
+        init_print({TestMesh::cube_20x20x20}, print, model, config);
+        std::string g = Slic3r::Test::gcode(print);
+        Slic3r::Print::set_slicing_pipeline_hook_fn(nullptr);
+        return g;
+    };
+    CHECK(strip_nondeterministic_gcode_lines(run(true)) == strip_nondeterministic_gcode_lines(run(false)));
+}
+
+#include "libslic3r/ExtrusionEntityCollection.hpp"  // count fill paths in the fill-surface cascade test
+
+// Total leaf ExtrusionPath count under an extrusion (sub)tree (collections recursed into).
+static size_t count_leaf_paths(const Slic3r::ExtrusionEntity* ee) {
+    if (ee == nullptr) return 0;
+    if (const auto* coll = dynamic_cast<const Slic3r::ExtrusionEntityCollection*>(ee)) {
+        size_t n = 0;
+        for (const Slic3r::ExtrusionEntity* e : coll->entities) n += count_leaf_paths(e);
+        return n;
+    }
+    return 1;
+}
+
+// Width (scaled) of the object-wide bounding box over every region's sliced contour.
+static double outer_slices_width(const Slic3r::Print& print) {
+    coord_t min_x = 0, max_x = 0; bool seeded = false;
+    for (auto* l : print.objects().front()->layers())
+        for (auto* r : l->regions())
+            for (const Slic3r::Surface& sf : r->slices.surfaces)
+                for (const Slic3r::Point& p : sf.expolygon.contour.points) {
+                    if (!seeded) { min_x = max_x = p.x(); seeded = true; }
+                    else { min_x = std::min(min_x, p.x()); max_x = std::max(max_x, p.x()); }
+                }
+    return (double)(max_x - min_x);
+}
+
+// After the Slice hook mutates slices, raw_slices must be re-snapshotted so the mutation
+// becomes the untyped baseline. make_perimeters() restores untyped slices from raw_slices on
+// any perimeter re-run; invoking that restore directly must reproduce the mutation, not revert
+// to the pre-hook geometry (which is what happened before this fix).
+TEST_CASE("raw_slices captures post-hook geometry so a perimeter re-run keeps the mutation", "[slicing_pipeline]") {
+    using Catch::Matchers::WithinRel;
+    Slic3r::Print::set_slicing_pipeline_hook_fn(
+        [](Slic3r::Print&, const Slic3r::PrintObject* o, Slic3r::SlicingPipelineStepPlugin s){
+            if (s != Slic3r::SlicingPipelineStepPlugin::posSlice || !o) return;
+            for (Slic3r::Layer* l : const_cast<Slic3r::PrintObject*>(o)->layers())
+                for (Slic3r::LayerRegion* r : l->regions()) {
+                    Slic3r::Surfaces in = r->slices.surfaces;
+                    for (auto& sf : in) {
+                        Slic3r::ExPolygons e = offset_ex(sf.expolygon, -scale_(1.0));
+                        if (!e.empty()) sf.expolygon = e.front();
+                    }
+                    r->slices.set(std::move(in));
+                }
+        });
+    Slic3r::Print print; Slic3r::Model model;
+    auto config = Slic3r::DynamicPrintConfig::full_print_config();
+    config.set_key_value("slicing_pipeline_plugin", new Slic3r::ConfigOptionStrings({"probe"}));
+    init_print({TestMesh::cube_20x20x20}, print, model, config);
+    print.process();
+    const double w_mutated = outer_slices_width(print);   // inset applied at the Slice hook
+
+    // The same restore make_perimeters() runs on a perimeter-only re-slice. With the post-hook
+    // backup this reproduces the inset; without it this reverts to the wider original outline.
+    for (Slic3r::Layer* l : print.objects().front()->layers())
+        l->restore_untyped_slices();
+    const double w_restored = outer_slices_width(print);
+    Slic3r::Print::set_slicing_pipeline_hook_fn(nullptr);
+    CHECK_THAT(w_restored, WithinRel(w_mutated, 0.02)); // mutation survived the restore
+}
+
+// A plugin can mutate fill_surfaces at the new PrepareInfill seam and have make_fills consume
+// them, whereas the pre-existing Infill seam fires after the fills are already built.
+// All three runs register a hook (active path) so the comparison isolates only the mutation.
+TEST_CASE("fill_surfaces mutation cascades at PrepareInfill but not at Infill", "[slicing_pipeline]") {
+    auto fill_paths = [](bool shrink, Slic3r::SlicingPipelineStepPlugin at) {
+        Slic3r::Print print; Slic3r::Model model;
+        auto config = Slic3r::DynamicPrintConfig::full_print_config();
+        config.set_key_value("slicing_pipeline_plugin", new Slic3r::ConfigOptionStrings({"probe"}));
+        Slic3r::Print::set_slicing_pipeline_hook_fn(
+            [shrink, at](Slic3r::Print&, const Slic3r::PrintObject* o, Slic3r::SlicingPipelineStepPlugin s){
+                if (!shrink || s != at || !o) return;
+                for (Slic3r::Layer* l : const_cast<Slic3r::PrintObject*>(o)->layers())
+                    for (Slic3r::LayerRegion* r : l->regions()) {
+                        Slic3r::Surfaces in = r->fill_surfaces.surfaces, out;
+                        for (const Slic3r::Surface& sf : in)
+                            for (const Slic3r::ExPolygon& e : offset_ex(sf.expolygon, -scale_(3.0))) {
+                                Slic3r::Surface s2 = sf; s2.expolygon = e; out.push_back(std::move(s2));
+                            }
+                        r->fill_surfaces.set(std::move(out));
+                    }
+            });
+        init_print({TestMesh::cube_20x20x20}, print, model, config);
+        print.process();
+        size_t n = 0;
+        for (auto* l : print.objects().front()->layers())
+            for (auto* r : l->regions())
+                n += count_leaf_paths(&r->fills);
+        Slic3r::Print::set_slicing_pipeline_hook_fn(nullptr);
+        return n;
+    };
+    using S = Slic3r::SlicingPipelineStepPlugin;
+    const size_t base = fill_paths(false, S::posPrepareInfill); // active hook, no mutation
+    CHECK(base > 0);
+    CHECK(fill_paths(true, S::posPrepareInfill) < base); // mutation before make_fills cascades
+    CHECK(fill_paths(true, S::posInfill) == base);       // mutation after make_fills is a no-op
+}
+
+// lslices (the layer's merged islands) are built once in slice() and never rebuilt by
+// make_perimeters, so mutating region slices leaves them stale. The slices.set() + Layer::make_slices()
+// path re-derives them; this C++ analogue proves the mechanism -- without the
+// refresh the islands keep the original 20mm footprint, with it they track the 18mm inset.
+TEST_CASE("refreshing lslices after a slice mutation makes islands track the geometry", "[slicing_pipeline]") {
+    auto lslices_width = [](bool refresh) {
+        Slic3r::Print print; Slic3r::Model model;
+        auto config = Slic3r::DynamicPrintConfig::full_print_config();
+        config.set_key_value("slicing_pipeline_plugin", new Slic3r::ConfigOptionStrings({"probe"}));
+        Slic3r::Print::set_slicing_pipeline_hook_fn(
+            [refresh](Slic3r::Print&, const Slic3r::PrintObject* o, Slic3r::SlicingPipelineStepPlugin s){
+                if (s != Slic3r::SlicingPipelineStepPlugin::posSlice || !o) return;
+                for (Slic3r::Layer* l : const_cast<Slic3r::PrintObject*>(o)->layers()) {
+                    for (Slic3r::LayerRegion* r : l->regions()) {
+                        Slic3r::Surfaces in = r->slices.surfaces;
+                        for (auto& sf : in) {
+                            Slic3r::ExPolygons e = offset_ex(sf.expolygon, -scale_(1.0));
+                            if (!e.empty()) sf.expolygon = e.front();
+                        }
+                        r->slices.set(std::move(in));
+                    }
+                    if (refresh)  // the load-bearing half of the slices.set() + Layer::make_slices() path
+                        l->make_slices();
+                }
+            });
+        init_print({TestMesh::cube_20x20x20}, print, model, config);
+        print.process();
+        coord_t min_x = 0, max_x = 0; bool seeded = false;
+        for (auto* l : print.objects().front()->layers())
+            for (const Slic3r::ExPolygon& island : l->lslices)
+                for (const Slic3r::Point& p : island.contour.points) {
+                    if (!seeded) { min_x = max_x = p.x(); seeded = true; }
+                    else { min_x = std::min(min_x, p.x()); max_x = std::max(max_x, p.x()); }
+                }
+        Slic3r::Print::set_slicing_pipeline_hook_fn(nullptr);
+        return (double)(max_x - min_x);
+    };
+    using Catch::Matchers::WithinRel;
+    const double stale = lslices_width(false); // islands keep the original ~20 mm footprint
+    const double fresh = lslices_width(true);  // islands track the ~18 mm inset region slices
+    CHECK(fresh < stale);
+    CHECK_THAT(stale, WithinRel((double) scale_(20.0), 0.05)); // stale islands = original outline
+    CHECK_THAT(fresh, WithinRel((double) scale_(18.0), 0.05)); // refreshed islands = inset outline
+}
+
+#include <random>   // deterministic RNG for the fuzzy-skin analogue below
+
+// Fuzzy skin applied to the slice contours at the Slice boundary, matching what the Fuzzy
+// Slices sample (sandboxes/orca_fuzzy_slices_plugin_any.py) does: resample every ring at
+// 3/4..5/4 * point_distance and displace each new vertex +/-thickness along the segment
+// normal (libslic3r's fuzzy_polyline with uniform noise). Unlike the count-preserving rotate
+// test above, this is a count-CHANGING rebuild -- each ring is replaced by one with a
+// different vertex count. Three end-to-end invariants after process() confirm the cascade:
+//   (1) the jitter is zero-mean, so total fill area is preserved within a few %,
+//   (2) the fuzz genuinely cascaded into make_perimeters' fill_surfaces -- their contours
+//       carry far more vertices than the crisp baseline square's,
+//   (3) displacement is bounded: the sliced footprint grows by at most ~2*thickness.
+TEST_CASE("Fuzzing slice contours at the Slice boundary cascades with bounded displacement", "[slicing_pipeline]") {
+    using Catch::Matchers::WithinRel;
+    static constexpr double kThickness = 0.3, kPointDist = 0.8; // mm; the built-in fuzzy-skin defaults
+    struct Measure { double area; size_t verts; double width; };
+    auto measure = [](bool fuzz) -> Measure {
+        Slic3r::Print print; Slic3r::Model model;
+        auto config = Slic3r::DynamicPrintConfig::full_print_config();
+        config.set_key_value("slicing_pipeline_plugin", new Slic3r::ConfigOptionStrings({"probe"})); // active in both runs
+        if (fuzz) Slic3r::Print::set_slicing_pipeline_hook_fn(
+            [](Slic3r::Print&, const Slic3r::PrintObject* o, Slic3r::SlicingPipelineStepPlugin s){
+                if (s != Slic3r::SlicingPipelineStepPlugin::posSlice || !o) return;
+                const double thickness  = scale_(kThickness);
+                const double min_dist   = scale_(kPointDist) * 0.75;
+                const double rand_range = scale_(kPointDist) * 0.5;
+                std::mt19937 rng(0x5EED); // fixed seed: the run is deterministic
+                std::uniform_real_distribution<double> uni(0.0, 1.0);
+                auto fuzz_ring = [&](Slic3r::Points& pts) {
+                    if (pts.size() < 3) return;
+                    Slic3r::Points out;
+                    double dist_left_over = uni(rng) * (min_dist / 2.0);
+                    const Slic3r::Point* p0 = &pts.back();
+                    for (const Slic3r::Point& p1 : pts) {
+                        const Slic3r::Vec2d v   = (p1 - *p0).cast<double>();
+                        const double        seg = v.norm();
+                        if (seg > 0.0) {
+                            double d = dist_left_over;
+                            for (; d < seg; d += min_dist + uni(rng) * rand_range) {
+                                const double        r  = (uni(rng) * 2.0 - 1.0) * thickness;
+                                const Slic3r::Vec2d pa = p0->cast<double>() + v * (d / seg);
+                                const Slic3r::Vec2d n  = Slic3r::Vec2d(-v.y(), v.x()) / seg;
+                                out.emplace_back((coord_t) std::llround(pa.x() + n.x() * r),
+                                                 (coord_t) std::llround(pa.y() + n.y() * r));
+                            }
+                            dist_left_over = d - seg;
+                        }
+                        p0 = &p1;
+                    }
+                    if (out.size() >= 3) pts = std::move(out); // else: ring too short, keep it crisp
+                };
+                for (Slic3r::Layer* l : const_cast<Slic3r::PrintObject*>(o)->layers())
+                    for (Slic3r::LayerRegion* r : l->regions()) {
+                        Slic3r::Surfaces in = r->slices.surfaces;
+                        for (auto& sf : in) {
+                            fuzz_ring(sf.expolygon.contour.points);
+                            for (auto& h : sf.expolygon.holes) fuzz_ring(h.points);
+                        }
+                        r->slices.set(std::move(in));
+                    }
+            });
+        else Slic3r::Print::set_slicing_pipeline_hook_fn(nullptr);
+        init_print({TestMesh::cube_20x20x20}, print, model, config);
+        print.process();
+        Measure m { 0.0, 0, outer_slices_width(print) };
+        for (auto* l : print.objects().front()->layers())
+            for (auto* r : l->regions())
+                for (auto& sf : r->fill_surfaces.surfaces) {
+                    m.area  += sf.expolygon.area();
+                    m.verts += sf.expolygon.contour.points.size();
+                }
+        Slic3r::Print::set_slicing_pipeline_hook_fn(nullptr);
+        return m;
+    };
+    const Measure base = measure(false);
+    const Measure fz   = measure(true);
+    // (1) Zero-mean jitter: the fills add up to (nearly) the same area.
+    CHECK_THAT(fz.area, WithinRel(base.area, 0.05));
+    // (2) The resample cascaded downstream: fill boundaries derived from the fuzzed slices
+    //     carry far more vertices than the baseline square's.
+    CHECK(fz.verts > 4 * base.verts);
+    // (3) Displacement is bounded by the +/-thickness jitter: the footprint widened, but by
+    //     no more than ~2*thickness (one thickness per side, plus rounding slack).
+    CHECK(fz.width > base.width);
+    CHECK(fz.width < base.width + 2.5 * scale_(kThickness));
+}

tests/libslic3r/test_config.cpp

@@ -410,14 +410,14 @@ TEST_CASE("save_to_json round-trips plugin capability references as strings", "[
     namespace fs = boost::filesystem;
     const fs::path tmp = fs::temp_directory_path() / fs::unique_path("orca_plugins_%%%%-%%%%.json");
     const std::vector<std::string> refs = {
-        "local_plugin;;post_process",
-        "cloud_plugin;550e8400-e29b-41d4-a716-446655440000;post_process"
+        "local_plugin;;inset",
+        "cloud_plugin;550e8400-e29b-41d4-a716-446655440000;inset"
     };
 
     std::unique_ptr<DynamicPrintConfig> config_ptr(
-        DynamicPrintConfig::new_from_defaults_keys({"post_process_plugin"}));
+        DynamicPrintConfig::new_from_defaults_keys({"slicing_pipeline_plugin"}));
     DynamicPrintConfig config = std::move(*config_ptr);
-    config.option<ConfigOptionStrings>("post_process_plugin", true)->values = refs;
+    config.option<ConfigOptionStrings>("slicing_pipeline_plugin", true)->values = refs;
     config.save_to_json(tmp.string(), "test_preset", "User", "1.0.0.0");
 
     nlohmann::json j;
@@ -425,7 +425,7 @@ TEST_CASE("save_to_json round-trips plugin capability references as strings", "[
         boost::nowide::ifstream ifs(tmp.string());
         ifs >> j;
     }
-    REQUIRE(j["post_process_plugin"] == nlohmann::json(refs));
+    REQUIRE(j["slicing_pipeline_plugin"] == nlohmann::json(refs));
     CHECK_FALSE(j.contains("plugins"));
 
     DynamicPrintConfig reloaded = DynamicPrintConfig::full_print_config();
@@ -434,7 +434,7 @@ TEST_CASE("save_to_json round-trips plugin capability references as strings", "[
     std::string reason;
     REQUIRE(reloaded.load_from_json(tmp.string(), substitutions, true, key_values, reason) == 0);
     CHECK(reason.empty());
-    CHECK(reloaded.option<ConfigOptionStrings>("post_process_plugin")->values == refs);
+    CHECK(reloaded.option<ConfigOptionStrings>("slicing_pipeline_plugin")->values == refs);
 
     fs::remove(tmp);
 }
@@ -446,17 +446,17 @@ TEST_CASE("plugin capability references survive string-map serialization", "[Con
     };
 
     DynamicPrintConfig original = DynamicPrintConfig::full_print_config();
-    original.option<ConfigOptionStrings>("post_process_plugin", true)->values = refs;
+    original.option<ConfigOptionStrings>("slicing_pipeline_plugin", true)->values = refs;
 
     std::map<std::string, std::string> serialized{
-        {"post_process_plugin", original.option<ConfigOptionStrings>("post_process_plugin")->serialize()}
+        {"slicing_pipeline_plugin", original.option<ConfigOptionStrings>("slicing_pipeline_plugin")->serialize()}
     };
-    CHECK(serialized["post_process_plugin"].find("\"master_plugin;;header-stamp\"") != std::string::npos);
+    CHECK(serialized["slicing_pipeline_plugin"].find("\"master_plugin;;header-stamp\"") != std::string::npos);
 
     DynamicPrintConfig reloaded = DynamicPrintConfig::full_print_config();
     reloaded.load_string_map(serialized, ForwardCompatibilitySubstitutionRule::Disable);
 
-    CHECK(reloaded.option<ConfigOptionStrings>("post_process_plugin")->values == refs);
+    CHECK(reloaded.option<ConfigOptionStrings>("slicing_pipeline_plugin")->values == refs);
 }
 
 TEST_CASE("parse_capability_ref parses local and cloud references", "[Config][plugin]") {
@@ -483,3 +483,55 @@ TEST_CASE("parse_capability_ref rejects malformed input", "[Config][plugin]") {
     CHECK_FALSE(Slic3r::parse_capability_ref("plugin;;").has_value());
     CHECK_FALSE(Slic3r::parse_capability_ref("plugin;uuid;").has_value());
 }
+
+namespace {
+// Installs a stub capability resolver that echoes the capability type into the reference, so tests
+// can assert each plugin-backed option resolved with its own ConfigOptionDef::plugin_type. Resets
+// the global resolver on teardown -- tests run in random order and other cases assert the
+// no-resolver behavior (an absent "plugins" manifest).
+struct PluginResolverFixture {
+    PluginResolverFixture() {
+        ConfigBase::set_resolve_capability_fn([](const std::string& name, const std::string& type) {
+            return name.empty() ? std::string() : name + ";;" + type;
+        });
+    }
+    ~PluginResolverFixture() { ConfigBase::set_resolve_capability_fn(nullptr); }
+};
+} // namespace
+
+TEST_CASE_METHOD(PluginResolverFixture,
+    "update_plugin_manifest derives references generically from plugin-backed options",
+    "[Config][plugins]") {
+    // Both scalar (printer_agent) and vector (slicing_pipeline_plugin) options opt in via a non-empty
+    // ConfigOptionDef::plugin_type (is_plugin_backed) and are resolved with it -- there is no hardcoded
+    // per-option switch. printer_agent in particular relies on its plugin_type metadata being wired up
+    // (it is edited via a dedicated widget, not the plugin_picker).
+    std::unique_ptr<DynamicPrintConfig> config_ptr(DynamicPrintConfig::new_from_defaults_keys(
+        {"slicing_pipeline_plugin", "printer_agent"}));
+    DynamicPrintConfig config = std::move(*config_ptr);
+    config.option<ConfigOptionStrings>("slicing_pipeline_plugin", true)->values = {"sp"};
+    config.option<ConfigOptionString>("printer_agent", true)->value            = "agent";
+
+    config.update_plugin_manifest();
+    const std::vector<std::string> manifest = config.option<ConfigOptionStrings>("plugins")->values;
+
+    using Catch::Matchers::VectorContains;
+    REQUIRE_THAT(manifest, VectorContains(std::string("sp;;slicing-pipeline")));
+    REQUIRE_THAT(manifest, VectorContains(std::string("agent;;printer-connection")));
+    CHECK(manifest.size() == 2);
+}
+
+TEST_CASE_METHOD(PluginResolverFixture,
+    "update_plugin_manifest de-duplicates references and skips unset options",
+    "[Config][plugins]") {
+    std::unique_ptr<DynamicPrintConfig> config_ptr(DynamicPrintConfig::new_from_defaults_keys(
+        {"slicing_pipeline_plugin", "printer_agent"}));
+    DynamicPrintConfig config = std::move(*config_ptr);
+    config.option<ConfigOptionStrings>("slicing_pipeline_plugin", true)->values = {"x", "x"};  // duplicate
+    // printer_agent stays at its default empty value -> contributes nothing to the manifest.
+
+    config.update_plugin_manifest();
+    const std::vector<std::string> manifest = config.option<ConfigOptionStrings>("plugins")->values;
+
+    CHECK(manifest == std::vector<std::string>{"x;;slicing-pipeline"});
+}

tests/slic3rutils/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ add_executable(${_TEST_NAME}_tests
     test_plugin_capability_identifier.cpp
     test_plugin_config.cpp
     test_plugin_install.cpp
+    test_slicing_pipeline_bindings.cpp
     test_plugin_sort.cpp
     )
 

tests/slic3rutils/python_test_support.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+#pragma once
+
+// Shared embedded-interpreter bootstrap for slic3rutils tests that need a live Python
+// interpreter (test_plugin_host_api.cpp, test_slicing_pipeline_bindings.cpp, ...).
+
+#include <pybind11/embed.h>
+#include <pybind11/pybind11.h>
+
+#include <slic3r/plugin/PythonPluginBridge.hpp>
+
+namespace {
+
+void ensure_python_initialized()
+{
+    // Deliberately a bare scoped_interpreter rather than Slic3r::PythonInterpreter:
+    // `orca` is a PYBIND11_EMBEDDED_MODULE compiled into this test binary, so importing
+    // it needs no bundled stdlib/sys.path, and the deterministic assertions are
+    // independent of the host's Python. PythonInterpreter::initialize() expects the
+    // bundled Python home laid out next to the app bundle (lib/python3.12/encodings),
+    // which is not deployed beside the test binary, so using it here would fail to find
+    // a home on macOS/Linux. The optional numpy-backed assertions are guarded at runtime.
+    if (!Py_IsInitialized()) {
+        static pybind11::scoped_interpreter interpreter;
+        (void) interpreter;
+    }
+}
+
+pybind11::module_ import_orca_module()
+{
+    ensure_python_initialized();
+
+    // Force PythonPluginBridge.cpp into the test binary so the embedded
+    // PYBIND11_EMBEDDED_MODULE(orca, ...) registration is available.
+    (void) Slic3r::PythonPluginBridge::instance();
+    return pybind11::module_::import("orca");
+}
+
+} // namespace

tests/slic3rutils/test_plugin_capability_identifier.cpp

@@ -8,9 +8,9 @@ using Slic3r::PluginCapabilityIdentifier;
 using Slic3r::PluginCapabilityType;
 
 TEST_CASE("PluginCapabilityIdentifier equality includes plugin_key", "[plugin][identifier]") {
-    PluginCapabilityIdentifier a{PluginCapabilityType::PostProcessing, "Cleanup", "a.py"};
-    PluginCapabilityIdentifier b{PluginCapabilityType::PostProcessing, "Cleanup", "b.py"};
-    PluginCapabilityIdentifier a2{PluginCapabilityType::PostProcessing, "Cleanup", "a.py"};
+    PluginCapabilityIdentifier a{PluginCapabilityType::SlicingPipeline, "Cleanup", "a.py"};
+    PluginCapabilityIdentifier b{PluginCapabilityType::SlicingPipeline, "Cleanup", "b.py"};
+    PluginCapabilityIdentifier a2{PluginCapabilityType::SlicingPipeline, "Cleanup", "a.py"};
 
     CHECK(a == a2);
     CHECK_FALSE(a == b);   // same (type,name), different plugin_key -> distinct
@@ -18,8 +18,8 @@ TEST_CASE("PluginCapabilityIdentifier equality includes plugin_key", "[plugin][i
 
 TEST_CASE("PluginCapabilityIdentifier is usable as a hash-map key", "[plugin][identifier]") {
     std::unordered_map<PluginCapabilityIdentifier, int> m;
-    m[{PluginCapabilityType::PostProcessing, "Cleanup", "a.py"}] = 1;
-    m[{PluginCapabilityType::PostProcessing, "Cleanup", "b.py"}] = 2;   // no collision
+    m[{PluginCapabilityType::SlicingPipeline, "Cleanup", "a.py"}] = 1;
+    m[{PluginCapabilityType::SlicingPipeline, "Cleanup", "b.py"}] = 2;   // no collision
     CHECK(m.size() == 2);
-    CHECK(m.at({PluginCapabilityType::PostProcessing, "Cleanup", "a.py"}) == 1);
+    CHECK(m.at({PluginCapabilityType::SlicingPipeline, "Cleanup", "a.py"}) == 1);
 }

tests/slic3rutils/test_plugin_host_api.cpp

@@ -5,6 +5,8 @@
 #include <libslic3r/TriangleMesh.hpp>
 #include <slic3r/plugin/PythonPluginBridge.hpp>
 
+#include "python_test_support.hpp"
+
 #include <pybind11/embed.h>
 #include <pybind11/pybind11.h>
 
@@ -14,30 +16,8 @@ namespace py = pybind11;
 
 namespace {
 
-void ensure_python_initialized()
-{
-    // Deliberately a bare scoped_interpreter rather than Slic3r::PythonInterpreter:
-    // `orca` is a PYBIND11_EMBEDDED_MODULE compiled into this test binary, so importing
-    // it needs no bundled stdlib/sys.path, and the deterministic assertions are
-    // independent of the host's Python. PythonInterpreter::initialize() expects the
-    // bundled Python home laid out next to the app bundle (lib/python3.12/encodings),
-    // which is not deployed beside the test binary, so using it here would fail to find
-    // a home on macOS/Linux. The optional numpy-backed assertions are guarded at runtime.
-    if (!Py_IsInitialized()) {
-        static py::scoped_interpreter interpreter;
-        (void) interpreter;
-    }
-}
-
-py::module_ import_orca_module()
-{
-    ensure_python_initialized();
-
-    // Force PythonPluginBridge.cpp into the test binary so the embedded
-    // PYBIND11_EMBEDDED_MODULE(orca, ...) registration is available.
-    (void) Slic3r::PythonPluginBridge::instance();
-    return py::module_::import("orca");
-}
+// import_orca_module() lives in python_test_support.hpp (shared with
+// test_slicing_pipeline_bindings.cpp).
 
 bool has_attr(const py::handle& object, const char* name)
 {
@@ -46,7 +26,7 @@ bool has_attr(const py::handle& object, const char* name)
 
 } // namespace
 
-TEST_CASE("Plugin host API exposes host-owned bundle and preset surface to Python", "[PluginHostApi][Python]")
+TEST_CASE("Plugin host API exposes host-owned bundle and preset surface to Python", "[PluginHost][Python]")
 {
     py::module_ orca = import_orca_module();
     REQUIRE(has_attr(orca, "host"));
@@ -131,7 +111,7 @@ TEST_CASE("Plugin host API exposes host-owned bundle and preset surface to Pytho
     CHECK(printers.attr("find_preset")(printer_preset.name).attr("name").cast<std::string>() == printer_preset.name);
 }
 
-TEST_CASE("Plugin host API reports unavailable GUI objects before Orca app initialization", "[PluginHostApi][Python]")
+TEST_CASE("Plugin host API reports unavailable GUI objects before Orca app initialization", "[PluginHost][Python]")
 {
     py::object host = import_orca_module().attr("host");
 
@@ -147,7 +127,7 @@ TEST_CASE("Plugin host API reports unavailable GUI objects before Orca app initi
     }
 }
 
-TEST_CASE("Plugin host API exposes the UI module and guards it before Orca app initialization", "[PluginHostApi][Python]")
+TEST_CASE("Plugin host API exposes the UI module and guards it before Orca app initialization", "[PluginHost][Python]")
 {
     py::object host = import_orca_module().attr("host");
     REQUIRE(has_attr(host, "ui"));
@@ -169,7 +149,7 @@ TEST_CASE("Plugin host API exposes the UI module and guards it before Orca app i
     }
 }
 
-TEST_CASE("Plugin host API exposes model geometry and structure to Python", "[PluginHostApi][Python]")
+TEST_CASE("Plugin host API exposes model geometry and structure to Python", "[PluginHost][Python]")
 {
     using Catch::Matchers::WithinAbs;
     using Catch::Matchers::WithinRel;
@@ -248,7 +228,7 @@ TEST_CASE("Plugin host API exposes model geometry and structure to Python", "[Pl
     CHECK(py_modifier.attr("type")().cast<Slic3r::ModelVolumeType>() == Slic3r::ModelVolumeType::PARAMETER_MODIFIER);
 }
 
-TEST_CASE("Plugin host API exposes TriangleMesh geometry to Python", "[PluginHostApi][Python]")
+TEST_CASE("Plugin host API exposes TriangleMesh geometry to Python", "[PluginHost][Python]")
 {
     using Catch::Matchers::WithinAbs;
     using Catch::Matchers::WithinRel;

tests/slic3rutils/test_plugin_install.cpp

@@ -124,3 +124,38 @@ TEST_CASE("install-state sidecar is the source of truth for a cloud plugin's ins
     read_install_state(plugin_dir, scanned);
     CHECK(scanned.installed_version == "1.2.0");
 }
+
+TEST_CASE("install_plugin parses [tool.orcaslicer.plugin.settings] into descriptor.settings", "[PluginInstall]")
+{
+    ScopedDataDir data_dir_guard("plugin-settings");
+
+    // A PEP-723 header with a per-plugin settings sub-table. Values stay strings; the plugin
+    // parses what it needs (ctx.params). This is the source Twistify reads its knobs from.
+    const std::string contents =
+        "# /// script\n"
+        "# requires-python = \">=3.12\"\n"
+        "#\n"
+        "# [tool.orcaslicer.plugin]\n"
+        "# name = \"Settings Plugin\"\n"
+        "# type = \"slicing-pipeline\"\n"
+        "#\n"
+        "# [tool.orcaslicer.plugin.settings]\n"
+        "# twist_deg_per_mm = \"1.5\"\n"
+        "# taper_per_mm = \"-0.004\"\n"
+        "# ///\n"
+        "print('ok')\n";
+    const fs::path py = write_py_file(data_dir_guard.dir / "src", "settings.py", contents);
+
+    PluginLoader loader; // non-cloud
+    PluginDescriptor descriptor;
+    std::string error;
+    const bool installed = loader.install_plugin(py, descriptor, error);
+
+    REQUIRE(installed);
+    CHECK(error.empty());
+    REQUIRE(descriptor.settings.count("twist_deg_per_mm") == 1);
+    CHECK(descriptor.settings.at("twist_deg_per_mm") == "1.5");
+    CHECK(descriptor.settings.at("taper_per_mm") == "-0.004");
+    // Identity keys are NOT captured as settings (they belong to [tool.orcaslicer.plugin]).
+    CHECK(descriptor.settings.count("name") == 0);
+}

tests/slic3rutils/test_slicing_pipeline_bindings.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,682 @@
+#include <catch2/catch_test_macros.hpp>
+#include "slic3r/plugin/PythonPluginInterface.hpp"
+using namespace Slic3r;
+
+TEST_CASE("SlicingPipeline capability-type string maps round-trip", "[slicing_pipeline]") {
+    CHECK(plugin_capability_type_to_string(PluginCapabilityType::SlicingPipeline) == "slicing-pipeline");
+    CHECK(plugin_capability_type_display_name(PluginCapabilityType::SlicingPipeline) == "Slicing Pipeline");
+    CHECK(plugin_capability_type_from_string("slicing-pipeline") == PluginCapabilityType::SlicingPipeline);
+    CHECK(plugin_capability_type_from_string("SLICING-PIPELINE") == PluginCapabilityType::SlicingPipeline);
+    CHECK(plugin_capability_type_from_string("nope") == PluginCapabilityType::Unknown);
+}
+
+#include "python_test_support.hpp"
+#include "slic3r/plugin/PluginBindingUtils.hpp"
+#include "slic3r/plugin/pluginTypes/slicingPipeline/SlicingPipelinePluginCapability.hpp"
+#include "libslic3r/Point.hpp"
+#include "libslic3r/ExPolygon.hpp"
+#include "libslic3r/Surface.hpp"
+#include "libslic3r/Layer.hpp"
+#include "libslic3r/ExtrusionEntity.hpp"
+#include "libslic3r/ExtrusionEntityCollection.hpp"
+#include <catch2/matchers/catch_matchers_floating_point.hpp>
+#include <pybind11/embed.h>
+#include <pybind11/numpy.h>
+namespace py = pybind11;
+
+TEST_CASE("make_readonly_rows builds a read-only (N,2) int64 view", "[slicing_pipeline]") {
+    ensure_python_initialized(); // helper already used by test_plugin_host_api.cpp
+    py::gil_scoped_acquire gil;
+
+    // make_readonly_rows() constructs a py::array_t, which requires numpy to be
+    // importable in the embedded interpreter. The unit-test interpreter ships no
+    // site-packages (same condition test_plugin_host_api.cpp's TriangleMesh numpy
+    // test guards against), so skip the array-backed assertions when numpy is
+    // unavailable there rather than fail on an environment quirk.
+    bool have_numpy = false;
+    try {
+        py::module_::import("numpy");
+        have_numpy = true;
+    } catch (const py::error_already_set&) {
+        have_numpy = false;
+    }
+    if (!have_numpy) {
+        SKIP("numpy unavailable in unit-test interpreter");
+    }
+
+    static Slic3r::Points pts = { Slic3r::Point(10, 20), Slic3r::Point(30, 40) };
+    py::capsule keepalive(&pts, [](void*){});
+    py::array a = Slic3r::make_readonly_rows<coord_t, 2>(keepalive, pts.front().data(), (py::ssize_t)pts.size());
+    CHECK(a.dtype().kind() == 'i');
+    CHECK(a.itemsize() == 8);           // int64
+    CHECK(a.shape(0) == 2);
+    CHECK(a.shape(1) == 2);
+    CHECK_FALSE(a.writeable());
+    auto r = a.unchecked<coord_t, 2>();
+    CHECK(r(0,0) == 10); CHECK(r(1,1) == 40);
+}
+
+TEST_CASE("make_writable_rows builds a writable (N,2) int64 view that aliases the buffer", "[slicing_pipeline]") {
+    ensure_python_initialized();
+    py::gil_scoped_acquire gil;
+    bool have_numpy = false;
+    try { py::module_::import("numpy"); have_numpy = true; }
+    catch (const py::error_already_set&) { have_numpy = false; }
+    if (!have_numpy) SKIP("numpy unavailable in unit-test interpreter");
+
+    static Slic3r::Points pts = { Slic3r::Point(10, 20), Slic3r::Point(30, 40) };
+    py::capsule keepalive(&pts, [](void*){});
+    py::array a = Slic3r::make_writable_rows<coord_t, 2>(keepalive, pts.front().data(), (py::ssize_t)pts.size());
+    CHECK(a.writeable());
+    // Writing through the view mutates the C++ buffer (zero-copy alias).
+    a.attr("__setitem__")(py::make_tuple(0, 0), py::int_(99));
+    CHECK(pts.front().x() == 99);
+}
+
+TEST_CASE("orca.slicing module: Step enum, context, and a Python capability can execute", "[slicing_pipeline]") {
+    ensure_python_initialized();
+    import_orca_module(); // forces PythonPluginBridge::instance() (see import_orca_module in python_test_support.hpp)
+    py::gil_scoped_acquire gil;
+    py::module_ orca = py::module_::import("orca");
+    REQUIRE(py::hasattr(orca, "slicing"));
+    py::object slicing = orca.attr("slicing");
+    CHECK(py::hasattr(slicing, "Step"));
+    CHECK(py::hasattr(slicing.attr("Step"), "posSlice"));
+    CHECK(py::hasattr(slicing.attr("Step"), "psGCodePostProcess"));
+    CHECK(py::hasattr(slicing, "SlicingPipelineContext"));
+    CHECK(py::hasattr(slicing, "SlicingPipelineCapabilityBase"));
+
+    // A trivial Python subclass whose execute() reports success, invoked via the C++ trampoline.
+    py::exec(R"(
+import orca
+class Probe(orca.slicing.SlicingPipelineCapabilityBase):
+    def get_name(self): return "probe"
+    def execute(self, ctx): return orca.ExecutionResult.success("ok")
+_probe = Probe()
+    )");
+    // (Full C++ trampoline invocation with a real context is exercised elsewhere.)
+}
+
+TEST_CASE("orca.slicing is workflow-only: context exposes raw print/object; view classes are gone", "[slicing_pipeline]") {
+    using Catch::Matchers::WithinRel;
+    ensure_python_initialized();
+    import_orca_module();
+    py::gil_scoped_acquire gil;
+    py::module_ orca = py::module_::import("orca");
+    py::object slicing = orca.attr("slicing");
+
+    // Context surface: raw graph entry points + workflow accessors.
+    for (const char* name : { "print", "object", "params", "config_value", "cancelled",
+                              "orca_version", "step" })
+        CHECK(py::hasattr(slicing.attr("SlicingPipelineContext"), name));
+
+    // The wrapper layer is gone.
+    for (const char* legacy : { "ExPolygonView", "SurfaceView", "LayerRegionView",
+                                "LayerView", "PrintObjectView", "PathData", "SurfaceType" })
+        CHECK_FALSE(py::hasattr(slicing, legacy));
+
+    // unscale() stays in orca.slicing and reads the live SCALING_FACTOR.
+    const coord_t scaled10 = (coord_t) scale_(10.0);
+    double mm = slicing.attr("unscale")(scaled10).cast<double>();
+    CHECK_THAT(mm, WithinRel(10.0, 1e-9));
+
+    // A default context casts print/object to None (no dangling wrapper).
+    Slic3r::SlicingPipelineContext ctx;
+    py::object pyctx = py::cast(&ctx, py::return_value_policy::reference);
+    CHECK(pyctx.attr("print").is_none());
+    CHECK(pyctx.attr("object").is_none());
+}
+
+#include "libslic3r/PrintConfig.hpp"   // DynamicPrintConfig for the psGCodePostProcess context
+#include <boost/filesystem.hpp>
+#include <boost/nowide/fstream.hpp>
+#include <sstream>
+
+// psGCodePostProcess is the merged post-processing seam: no live Print (print/object are None), the
+// plugin edits the file at ctx.gcode_path in place, and ctx.config_value() falls back to the config
+// the export path handed in. Exercising the real bindings by calling the Python execute() directly
+// (not the C++ audit trampoline) keeps this a pure binding-surface test.
+TEST_CASE("orca.slicing psGCodePostProcess context: file edit in place + config fallback", "[slicing_pipeline]") {
+    namespace fs = boost::filesystem;
+    ensure_python_initialized();
+    import_orca_module();
+    py::gil_scoped_acquire gil;
+
+    const fs::path gpath = fs::temp_directory_path() / fs::unique_path("orca_pp_%%%%-%%%%.gcode");
+    {
+        boost::nowide::ofstream ofs(gpath.string());
+        ofs << "; header\nG1 X0 Y0\n";
+    }
+
+    // Config the plugin reads back through ctx.config_value() (there is no live Print at this step).
+    Slic3r::DynamicPrintConfig config = Slic3r::DynamicPrintConfig::full_print_config();
+    config.set_key_value("layer_height", new Slic3r::ConfigOptionFloat(0.2));
+
+    Slic3r::SlicingPipelineContext ctx;
+    ctx.orca_version = "test";
+    ctx.step         = Slic3r::SlicingPipelineStepPlugin::psGCodePostProcess;
+    ctx.gcode_path   = gpath.string();
+    ctx.host         = "File";
+    ctx.output_name  = "final.gcode";
+    ctx.full_config  = &config;   // print stays null
+
+    py::object pyctx = py::cast(&ctx, py::return_value_policy::reference);
+    CHECK(pyctx.attr("gcode_path").cast<std::string>() == gpath.string());
+    CHECK(pyctx.attr("host").cast<std::string>() == "File");
+    CHECK(pyctx.attr("output_name").cast<std::string>() == "final.gcode");
+    CHECK(pyctx.attr("print").is_none());
+    CHECK(pyctx.attr("object").is_none());
+    CHECK(pyctx.attr("step").cast<Slic3r::SlicingPipelineStepPlugin>()
+          == Slic3r::SlicingPipelineStepPlugin::psGCodePostProcess);
+    CHECK_FALSE(pyctx.attr("cancelled")().cast<bool>());   // null print -> not cancelled
+    // config_value() resolves from full_config when print is null; unknown keys are None.
+    CHECK_FALSE(pyctx.attr("config_value")("layer_height").is_none());
+    CHECK(pyctx.attr("config_value")("this_key_does_not_exist").is_none());
+
+    // A Python capability edits the file in place through ctx.gcode_path. Calling execute() directly
+    // in Python dispatches to the Python method (no C++ trampoline), so this needs no audit context.
+    py::module_ main = py::module_::import("__main__");
+    main.attr("_pp_ctx") = pyctx;
+    py::exec(R"(
+import orca
+class Stamp(orca.slicing.SlicingPipelineCapabilityBase):
+    def get_name(self): return "stamp"
+    def execute(self, ctx):
+        assert ctx.step == orca.slicing.Step.psGCodePostProcess
+        assert ctx.print is None and ctx.object is None
+        with open(ctx.gcode_path, "a") as f:
+            f.write("; stamped by " + ctx.host + "\n")
+        return orca.ExecutionResult.success("ok")
+_pp_result = Stamp().execute(_pp_ctx)
+    )");
+    CHECK(main.attr("_pp_result").attr("message").cast<std::string>() == std::string("ok"));
+
+    std::string contents;
+    {
+        boost::nowide::ifstream ifs(gpath.string());
+        std::stringstream ss; ss << ifs.rdbuf(); contents = ss.str();
+    }
+    CHECK(contents.find("; stamped by File") != std::string::npos);
+    fs::remove(gpath);
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Toolpath helpers for the raw-graph tests.
+//
+// LayerRegion's ctor is protected (constructed only by Layer/PrintObject). A
+// trivial derived struct lets a unit test build one with null layer/region
+// pointers — the extrusion accessors only read the public `perimeters`/`fills`
+// collections, never the layer/region back-pointers.
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+namespace {
+struct TestLayerRegion : Slic3r::LayerRegion {
+    TestLayerRegion() : Slic3r::LayerRegion(nullptr, nullptr) {}
+};
+
+// Build a realistic nested perimeters collection into `region.perimeters`:
+//   perimeters (outer) -> inner collection -> [ ExtrusionLoop(pathA), ExtrusionPath(pathB) ]
+// This exercises both the recursive descent through nested collections and the
+// decomposition of an ExtrusionLoop into its contained ExtrusionPath (flatten()
+// does NOT decompose loops, hence the hand-rolled recursive walk).
+static void build_nested_perimeters(TestLayerRegion& region) {
+    using namespace Slic3r;
+    ExtrusionPath pathA(erExternalPerimeter);        // -> "Outer wall"
+    pathA.mm3_per_mm = 0.05; pathA.width = 0.45f; pathA.height = 0.20f;
+    pathA.polyline.points = { Point3(0, 0, 0), Point3(10, 0, 0), Point3(10, 10, 0) };
+
+    ExtrusionPath pathB(erInternalInfill);           // -> "Sparse infill"
+    pathB.mm3_per_mm = 0.03; pathB.width = 0.40f; pathB.height = 0.20f;
+    pathB.polyline.points = { Point3(1, 1, 0), Point3(2, 1, 0), Point3(2, 2, 0) };
+
+    ExtrusionEntityCollection inner;
+    inner.append(ExtrusionLoop(pathA));              // clone_move
+    inner.append(pathB);                             // clone
+    region.perimeters.append(inner);                 // nested (deep clone)
+}
+} // namespace
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Raw Print-graph data model (orca.host) — replaces the *View wrapper API.
+// LIFETIME: raw bindings follow C++ semantics — references into the slicing
+// graph are valid during execute(ctx) and invalidated by container-replacing
+// mutators, exactly like std::vector iterators.
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+TEST_CASE("orca.host leaf geometry: Surface/ExPolygon/Polygon raw bindings", "[slicing_pipeline]") {
+    using Catch::Matchers::WithinRel;
+    using Catch::Matchers::WithinAbs;
+    ensure_python_initialized();
+    import_orca_module();
+    py::gil_scoped_acquire gil;
+    py::object host = py::module_::import("orca").attr("host");
+
+    for (const char* name : { "SurfaceType", "Polygon", "ExPolygon", "Surface", "SurfaceCollection" })
+        CHECK(py::hasattr(host, name));
+
+    // SurfaceType enum values round-trip to the C++ enumerators (moved from orca.slicing).
+    py::object ST = host.attr("SurfaceType");
+    CHECK(ST.attr("stTop").cast<Slic3r::SurfaceType>()           == Slic3r::stTop);
+    CHECK(ST.attr("stInternalSolid").cast<Slic3r::SurfaceType>() == Slic3r::stInternalSolid);
+    CHECK(ST.attr("stPerimeter").cast<Slic3r::SurfaceType>()     == Slic3r::stPerimeter);
+
+    // Raw Surface: scalar reads + WRITABLE surface_type (replaces SurfaceView.set_type).
+    Slic3r::Surface surf(Slic3r::stInternalSolid);
+    surf.thickness        = 0.4;
+    surf.bridge_angle     = -1.0;
+    surf.extra_perimeters = 2;
+    py::object sv = py::cast(&surf, py::return_value_policy::reference);
+    CHECK(sv.attr("surface_type").cast<Slic3r::SurfaceType>() == Slic3r::stInternalSolid);
+    CHECK_THAT(sv.attr("thickness").cast<double>(), WithinRel(0.4, 1e-9));
+    CHECK_THAT(sv.attr("bridge_angle").cast<double>(), WithinAbs(-1.0, 1e-12));
+    CHECK(sv.attr("extra_perimeters").cast<int>() == 2);
+    sv.attr("surface_type") = host.attr("SurfaceType").attr("stTop");
+    CHECK(surf.surface_type == Slic3r::stTop);   // C++ side reflects the assignment
+
+    // ExPolygon navigation without numpy: contour is a Polygon, holes an empty list.
+    py::object exv = sv.attr("expolygon");
+    CHECK(py::hasattr(exv, "contour"));
+    CHECK(exv.attr("holes").cast<py::list>().size() == 0);
+    CHECK(exv.attr("contour").attr("size")().cast<size_t>() == 0);
+}
+
+TEST_CASE("orca.host Surface/SurfaceCollection: construct, writable members, set()", "[slicing_pipeline]") {
+    using Catch::Matchers::WithinRel;
+    ensure_python_initialized();
+    import_orca_module();
+    py::gil_scoped_acquire gil;
+    py::object host = py::module_::import("orca").attr("host");
+    py::object ST = host.attr("SurfaceType");
+    const coord_t s = (coord_t) scale_(10.0);
+
+    // Build an ExPolygon (Point idiom) and a Surface from it.
+    py::object P = host.attr("Polygon")();
+    P.attr("append")(host.attr("Point")(0, 0));
+    P.attr("append")(host.attr("Point")(s, 0));
+    P.attr("append")(host.attr("Point")(s, s));
+    P.attr("append")(host.attr("Point")(0, s));
+    py::object ex = host.attr("ExPolygon")(P);
+    py::object surf = host.attr("Surface")(ST.attr("stTop"), ex);
+    CHECK(surf.attr("surface_type").cast<Slic3r::SurfaceType>() == Slic3r::stTop);
+    CHECK(surf.attr("is_top")().cast<bool>());
+    CHECK_THAT(surf.attr("area")().cast<double>(), WithinRel((double) s * (double) s, 1e-9));
+    surf.attr("thickness") = py::float_(0.3);
+    CHECK_THAT(surf.attr("thickness").cast<double>(), WithinRel(0.3, 1e-9));
+
+    // SurfaceCollection.set(expolys, type): replace all surfaces from a list of ExPolygon tagged with one SurfaceType.
+    Slic3r::SurfaceCollection coll;
+    py::object cv = py::cast(&coll, py::return_value_policy::reference);
+    py::list expolys; expolys.append(ex);
+    cv.attr("set")(expolys, ST.attr("stInternalSolid"));
+    REQUIRE(coll.surfaces.size() == 1);
+    CHECK(coll.surfaces.front().surface_type == Slic3r::stInternalSolid);
+    CHECK(cv.attr("has")(ST.attr("stInternalSolid")).cast<bool>());
+    cv.attr("clear")();
+    CHECK(coll.surfaces.empty());
+}
+
+TEST_CASE("orca.host Point: construct, read/write coords, arithmetic", "[slicing_pipeline]") {
+    ensure_python_initialized();
+    import_orca_module();
+    py::gil_scoped_acquire gil;
+    py::object host = py::module_::import("orca").attr("host");
+    REQUIRE(py::hasattr(host, "Point"));
+    py::object p = host.attr("Point")(3, 4);
+    CHECK(p.attr("x").cast<coord_t>() == 3);
+    CHECK(p.attr("y").cast<coord_t>() == 4);
+    p.attr("x") = py::int_(7);
+    CHECK(p.attr("x").cast<coord_t>() == 7);
+    py::object q = host.attr("Point")(1, 2);
+    py::object sum = p.attr("__add__")(q);
+    CHECK(sum.attr("x").cast<coord_t>() == 8);
+    CHECK(sum.attr("y").cast<coord_t>() == 6);
+
+    // __mul__ must scale as a double, not truncate to int64 before multiplying.
+    py::object h = host.attr("Point")(10, 20).attr("__mul__")(py::float_(0.5));
+    CHECK(h.attr("x").cast<coord_t>() == 5);
+    CHECK(h.attr("y").cast<coord_t>() == 10);
+}
+
+TEST_CASE("orca.host Polygon: writable as_array aliases buffer; Point refs; set_points; offset", "[slicing_pipeline]") {
+    using Catch::Matchers::WithinRel;
+    ensure_python_initialized();
+    import_orca_module();
+    py::gil_scoped_acquire gil;
+    py::object host = py::module_::import("orca").attr("host");
+
+    const coord_t s = (coord_t) scale_(10.0);
+    Slic3r::Polygon poly;
+    poly.points = { Slic3r::Point(0, 0), Slic3r::Point(s, 0), Slic3r::Point(s, s), Slic3r::Point(0, s) };
+    py::object pv = py::cast(&poly, py::return_value_policy::reference);
+
+    // Non-array surface works without numpy.
+    CHECK(pv.attr("size")().cast<size_t>() == 4);
+    CHECK(pv.attr("is_counter_clockwise")().cast<bool>());
+    CHECK_THAT(pv.attr("area")().cast<double>(), WithinRel((double) s * (double) s, 1e-9));
+    // Point-object idiom: editing a returned Point ref mutates the buffer in place.
+    py::list pts = pv.attr("points").cast<py::list>();
+    REQUIRE(pts.size() == 4);
+    pts[0].attr("x") = py::int_(5);
+    CHECK(poly.points[0].x() == 5);
+    poly.points[0].x() = 0; // restore
+
+    // offset() returns new geometry (ClipperUtils bound as a method).
+    py::list shrunk = pv.attr("offset")(py::int_(-(coord_t)scale_(1.0))).cast<py::list>();
+    CHECK(shrunk.size() >= 1);
+
+    bool have_numpy = false;
+    try { py::module_::import("numpy"); have_numpy = true; }
+    catch (const py::error_already_set&) { have_numpy = false; }
+    if (!have_numpy) SKIP("numpy unavailable: array-backed assertions skipped");
+
+    py::module_ np = py::module_::import("numpy");
+    py::array a = pv.attr("as_array")().cast<py::array>();
+    CHECK(a.dtype().kind() == 'i');
+    CHECK(a.itemsize() == 8);
+    CHECK(a.shape(0) == 4);
+    CHECK(a.shape(1) == 2);
+    CHECK(a.writeable());                              // writable now
+    a.attr("__setitem__")(py::make_tuple(0, 0), py::int_(123));
+    CHECK(poly.points[0].x() == 123);                 // in-place bulk edit
+    // set_points replaces contents (count-changing).
+    py::object i64 = np.attr("int64");
+    py::list rows;
+    rows.append(py::make_tuple(0, 0)); rows.append(py::make_tuple(s, 0)); rows.append(py::make_tuple(s, s));
+    pv.attr("set_points")(np.attr("array")(rows, py::arg("dtype") = i64));
+    CHECK(poly.points.size() == 3);
+}
+
+TEST_CASE("orca.host ExPolygon: construct, writable contour/holes, transforms, boolean ops", "[slicing_pipeline]") {
+    using Catch::Matchers::WithinRel;
+    ensure_python_initialized();
+    import_orca_module();
+    py::gil_scoped_acquire gil;
+    py::object host = py::module_::import("orca").attr("host");
+    const coord_t s = (coord_t) scale_(10.0);
+
+    // Construct from Polygon objects (Point idiom, no numpy).
+    py::object P = host.attr("Polygon")();
+    P.attr("append")(host.attr("Point")(0, 0));
+    P.attr("append")(host.attr("Point")(s, 0));
+    P.attr("append")(host.attr("Point")(s, s));
+    P.attr("append")(host.attr("Point")(0, s));
+    py::object ex = host.attr("ExPolygon")(P);
+    CHECK_THAT(ex.attr("area")().cast<double>(), WithinRel((double) s * (double) s, 1e-9));
+    CHECK(ex.attr("num_contours")().cast<size_t>() == 1);
+    CHECK(ex.attr("contour").attr("size")().cast<size_t>() == 4);
+
+    // In-place transform mutates the geometry.
+    ex.attr("translate")(py::float_(1000.0), py::float_(0.0));
+    // Boolean op returns new geometry: A minus a smaller inset of A is a non-empty ring set.
+    py::list inset = ex.attr("offset")(py::int_(-(coord_t)scale_(1.0))).cast<py::list>();
+    REQUIRE(inset.size() >= 1);
+    py::list ring = ex.attr("diff_ex")(inset[0]).cast<py::list>();
+    CHECK(ring.size() >= 1);
+}
+
+namespace {
+// Nested collection: outer -> inner -> [ ExtrusionLoop(pathA), ExtrusionPath(pathB) ].
+// Exercises polymorphic downcast of .entities and loop decomposition in flatten_paths().
+static Slic3r::ExtrusionEntityCollection build_nested_collection() {
+    using namespace Slic3r;
+    ExtrusionPath pathA(erExternalPerimeter);        // -> "Outer wall"
+    pathA.mm3_per_mm = 0.05; pathA.width = 0.45f; pathA.height = 0.20f;
+    pathA.polyline.points = { Point3(0, 0, 0), Point3(10, 0, 0), Point3(10, 10, 0) };
+
+    ExtrusionPath pathB(erInternalInfill);           // -> "Sparse infill"
+    pathB.mm3_per_mm = 0.03; pathB.width = 0.40f; pathB.height = 0.20f;
+    pathB.polyline.points = { Point3(1, 1, 0), Point3(2, 1, 0), Point3(2, 2, 0) };
+
+    ExtrusionEntityCollection inner;
+    inner.append(ExtrusionLoop(pathA));
+    inner.append(pathB);
+    ExtrusionEntityCollection outer;
+    outer.append(inner);
+    return outer;
+}
+} // namespace
+
+TEST_CASE("orca.host extrusion tree: polymorphic entities + flatten_paths", "[slicing_pipeline]") {
+    using Catch::Matchers::WithinRel;
+    ensure_python_initialized();
+    import_orca_module();
+    py::gil_scoped_acquire gil;
+    py::object host = py::module_::import("orca").attr("host");
+    for (const char* name : { "ExtrusionEntity", "ExtrusionPath", "ExtrusionLoop",
+                              "ExtrusionMultiPath", "ExtrusionEntityCollection", "PrintRegion" })
+        CHECK(py::hasattr(host, name));
+
+    Slic3r::ExtrusionEntityCollection outer = build_nested_collection();
+    py::object coll = py::cast(&outer, py::return_value_policy::reference);
+
+    // .entities downcasts: the single child is a collection; ITS children are a loop + a path.
+    py::list kids = coll.attr("entities").cast<py::list>();
+    REQUIRE(kids.size() == 1);
+    py::list inner_kids = kids[0].attr("entities").cast<py::list>();
+    REQUIRE(inner_kids.size() == 2);
+    CHECK(py::hasattr(inner_kids[0], "paths"));      // ExtrusionLoop binding
+    CHECK(py::hasattr(inner_kids[1], "width"));      // ExtrusionPath binding
+
+    // flatten_paths: loop decomposed, scalars readable.
+    py::list ps = coll.attr("flatten_paths")().cast<py::list>();
+    REQUIRE(ps.size() == 2);
+    CHECK(ps[0].attr("role").cast<std::string>() == "Outer wall");
+    CHECK_THAT(ps[0].attr("width").cast<double>(),      WithinRel(0.45, 1e-6));
+    CHECK_THAT(ps[0].attr("mm3_per_mm").cast<double>(), WithinRel(0.05, 1e-9));
+    CHECK(ps[1].attr("role").cast<std::string>() == "Sparse infill");
+}
+
+TEST_CASE("orca.host ExtrusionPath.points() is a read-only (N,3) int64 view", "[slicing_pipeline]") {
+    ensure_python_initialized();
+    import_orca_module();
+    py::gil_scoped_acquire gil;
+    bool have_numpy = false;
+    try { py::module_::import("numpy"); have_numpy = true; }
+    catch (const py::error_already_set&) { have_numpy = false; }
+    if (!have_numpy) SKIP("numpy unavailable in unit-test interpreter");
+
+    Slic3r::ExtrusionEntityCollection outer = build_nested_collection();
+    py::object coll = py::cast(&outer, py::return_value_policy::reference);
+    py::list ps = coll.attr("flatten_paths")().cast<py::list>();
+    REQUIRE(ps.size() == 2);
+    py::array pts = ps[1].attr("points")().cast<py::array>();  // pathB: (1,1,0),(2,1,0),(2,2,0)
+    CHECK(pts.dtype().kind() == 'i');
+    CHECK(pts.itemsize() == 8);
+    CHECK(pts.shape(0) == 3);
+    CHECK(pts.shape(1) == 3);
+    CHECK_FALSE(pts.writeable());
+    auto r = pts.cast<py::array_t<coord_t>>().unchecked<2>();
+    CHECK(r(0, 0) == 1); CHECK(r(1, 0) == 2); CHECK(r(2, 1) == 2);
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Raw Print-graph spine (orca.host): LayerRegion / Layer / PrintObject / Print,
+// read side. LayerRegion/Layer ctors are protected (friend class PrintObject),
+// so the tests use tiny derived structs -- the pattern TestLayerRegion above
+// already establishes; TestLayer is its Layer counterpart.
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+namespace {
+struct TestLayer : Slic3r::Layer {
+    // id=0, no owning PrintObject, height/print_z/slice_z suitable for assertions.
+    TestLayer() : Slic3r::Layer(0, nullptr, 0.2, 0.45, 0.35) {}
+};
+} // namespace
+
+TEST_CASE("orca.host graph classes: LayerRegion/Layer raw traversal; Print/PrintObject registered", "[slicing_pipeline]") {
+    using Catch::Matchers::WithinRel;
+    ensure_python_initialized();
+    import_orca_module();
+    py::gil_scoped_acquire gil;
+    py::object host = py::module_::import("orca").attr("host");
+
+    for (const char* name : { "LayerRegion", "Layer", "PrintObject", "Print" })
+        CHECK(py::hasattr(host, name));
+    // Members needing a live Print are verified by registration only (slic3rutils
+    // cannot build a Print; the fff_print C++ suite covers live-graph behavior).
+    for (const char* name : { "layers", "support_layers", "model_object", "id",
+                              "bounding_box", "trafo", "config_value", "config_keys" })
+        CHECK(py::hasattr(host.attr("PrintObject"), name));
+    for (const char* name : { "objects", "model", "config_value", "config_keys", "canceled" })
+        CHECK(py::hasattr(host.attr("Print"), name));
+
+    // Raw LayerRegion traversal over a hand-built region.
+    TestLayerRegion region;
+    region.slices.surfaces.emplace_back(Slic3r::Surface(Slic3r::stInternal));
+    build_nested_perimeters(region);   // helper defined earlier in this file
+    py::object lr = py::cast(static_cast<Slic3r::LayerRegion*>(&region),
+                             py::return_value_policy::reference);
+    CHECK(lr.attr("slices").attr("size")().cast<size_t>() == 1);
+    CHECK(lr.attr("slices").attr("surfaces").cast<py::list>().size() == 1);
+    CHECK(lr.attr("perimeters").attr("flatten_paths")().cast<py::list>().size() == 2);
+    CHECK(lr.attr("fills").attr("size")().cast<size_t>() == 0);
+    CHECK(lr.attr("layer")().is_none());               // hand-built region has no owning layer
+
+    // Raw Layer scalars + empty traversals on a hand-built layer.
+    TestLayer layer;
+    py::object ly = py::cast(static_cast<Slic3r::Layer*>(&layer),
+                             py::return_value_policy::reference);
+    CHECK_THAT(ly.attr("print_z").cast<double>(),  WithinRel(0.45, 1e-9));
+    CHECK_THAT(ly.attr("slice_z").cast<double>(),  WithinRel(0.35, 1e-9));
+    CHECK_THAT(ly.attr("height").cast<double>(),   WithinRel(0.2, 1e-9));
+    CHECK(ly.attr("regions")().cast<py::list>().size() == 0);
+    CHECK(ly.attr("lslices")().cast<py::list>().size() == 0);
+    CHECK(ly.attr("upper_layer").is_none());
+    CHECK(ly.attr("lower_layer").is_none());
+}
+
+TEST_CASE("orca.host: plugin-only mutators are gone; class-API editing works", "[slicing_pipeline]") {
+    ensure_python_initialized();
+    import_orca_module();
+    py::gil_scoped_acquire gil;
+    py::object host = py::module_::import("orca").attr("host");
+
+    // The three plugin-only mutators were removed in the raw-API realignment.
+    CHECK_FALSE(py::hasattr(host.attr("LayerRegion"), "set_slices"));
+    CHECK_FALSE(py::hasattr(host.attr("LayerRegion"), "set_fill_surfaces"));
+    CHECK_FALSE(py::hasattr(host.attr("Layer"), "set_lslices"));
+    // The faithful surface is present.
+    CHECK(py::hasattr(host.attr("SurfaceCollection"), "set"));
+    CHECK(py::hasattr(host.attr("Layer"), "make_slices"));
+
+    // clear() via the collection on a hand-built region (null owning layer is null-safe).
+    TestLayerRegion region;
+    region.slices.surfaces.emplace_back(Slic3r::Surface(Slic3r::stInternal));
+    py::object lr = py::cast(static_cast<Slic3r::LayerRegion*>(&region), py::return_value_policy::reference);
+    lr.attr("slices").attr("clear")();
+    CHECK(region.slices.surfaces.empty());
+}
+
+TEST_CASE("orca.host: SurfaceCollection.set mutates geometry; lslices via make_slices", "[slicing_pipeline]") {
+    using Catch::Matchers::WithinRel;
+    ensure_python_initialized();
+    import_orca_module();
+    py::gil_scoped_acquire gil;
+    bool have_numpy = false;
+    try { py::module_::import("numpy"); have_numpy = true; }
+    catch (const py::error_already_set&) { have_numpy = false; }
+    if (!have_numpy) SKIP("numpy unavailable in unit-test interpreter");
+
+    py::object host = py::module_::import("orca").attr("host");
+    py::module_ np = py::module_::import("numpy");
+    py::object  i64 = np.attr("int64");
+    py::object  ST  = host.attr("SurfaceType");
+    const coord_t s = (coord_t) scale_(10.0);
+    auto arr = [&](std::initializer_list<std::pair<coord_t,coord_t>> pts) {
+        py::list rows; for (auto& p : pts) rows.append(py::make_tuple(p.first, p.second));
+        return np.attr("array")(rows, py::arg("dtype") = i64);
+    };
+
+    // Build an ExPolygon from a CW ndarray; the ctor normalizes to CCW.
+    py::object ex = host.attr("ExPolygon")(arr({ {0,0}, {0,s}, {s,s}, {s,0} }));
+    CHECK(ex.attr("contour").attr("is_counter_clockwise")().cast<bool>());
+
+    TestLayerRegion region;
+    py::object lr = py::cast(static_cast<Slic3r::LayerRegion*>(&region), py::return_value_policy::reference);
+    py::list expolys; expolys.append(ex);
+    lr.attr("slices").attr("set")(expolys, ST.attr("stInternalSolid"));
+    REQUIRE(region.slices.surfaces.size() == 1);
+    const Slic3r::Surface& out = region.slices.surfaces.front();
+    CHECK(out.surface_type == Slic3r::stInternalSolid);
+    CHECK_THAT(out.expolygon.area(), WithinRel((double) s * (double) s, 1e-9));
+    // Read geometry back through the class API.
+    py::array c = lr.attr("slices").attr("surfaces").cast<py::list>()[0]
+                    .attr("expolygon").attr("contour").attr("as_array")().cast<py::array>();
+    CHECK(c.shape(0) == 4);
+
+    // lslices are derived: make_slices() re-derives them + refreshes the bbox cache.
+    TestLayer layer;
+    py::object ly = py::cast(static_cast<Slic3r::Layer*>(&layer), py::return_value_policy::reference);
+    // (A hand-built layer has no regions, so make_slices() yields empty lslices — still null-safe.)
+    ly.attr("make_slices")();
+    CHECK(layer.lslices_bboxes.size() == layer.lslices.size());
+}
+
+TEST_CASE("orca.host ExPolygon in-place transforms + SurfaceCollection.append (sample ops)", "[slicing_pipeline]") {
+    using Catch::Matchers::WithinRel;
+    ensure_python_initialized();
+    import_orca_module();
+    py::gil_scoped_acquire gil;
+    py::object host = py::module_::import("orca").attr("host");
+    const coord_t s = (coord_t) scale_(10.0);
+    auto make_square = [&]() {
+        py::object P = host.attr("Polygon")();
+        P.attr("append")(host.attr("Point")(0, 0));
+        P.attr("append")(host.attr("Point")(s, 0));
+        P.attr("append")(host.attr("Point")(s, s));
+        P.attr("append")(host.attr("Point")(0, s));
+        return host.attr("ExPolygon")(P);
+    };
+    const double area0 = (double) s * (double) s;
+
+    // rotate about the square's center preserves area
+    py::object ex = make_square();
+    py::object center = host.attr("Point")(s / 2, s / 2);
+    ex.attr("rotate")(py::float_(1.5707963267948966), center);   // pi/2
+    CHECK_THAT(ex.attr("area")().cast<double>(), WithinRel(area0, 1e-6));
+
+    // uniform scale by 2 quadruples area (scale is about the origin)
+    py::object ex2 = make_square();
+    ex2.attr("scale")(py::float_(2.0));
+    CHECK_THAT(ex2.attr("area")().cast<double>(), WithinRel(4.0 * area0, 1e-6));
+
+    // translate preserves area
+    py::object ex3 = make_square();
+    ex3.attr("translate")(py::float_(1000.0), py::float_(-500.0));
+    CHECK_THAT(ex3.attr("area")().cast<double>(), WithinRel(area0, 1e-6));
+
+    // SurfaceCollection.append accumulates surfaces of a second type (the sample write-back path)
+    Slic3r::SurfaceCollection coll;
+    py::object cv = py::cast(&coll, py::return_value_policy::reference);
+    py::list g1; g1.append(make_square());
+    cv.attr("set")(g1, host.attr("SurfaceType").attr("stInternalSolid"));
+    py::list g2; g2.append(make_square());
+    cv.attr("append")(g2, host.attr("SurfaceType").attr("stTop"));
+    REQUIRE(coll.surfaces.size() == 2);
+    CHECK(coll.surfaces[0].surface_type == Slic3r::stInternalSolid);
+    CHECK(coll.surfaces[1].surface_type == Slic3r::stTop);
+}
+
+TEST_CASE("orca.host: in-place edit of surface.expolygon through a live collection persists to C++", "[slicing_pipeline]") {
+    using Catch::Matchers::WithinRel;
+    ensure_python_initialized();
+    import_orca_module();
+    py::gil_scoped_acquire gil;
+
+    const coord_t s = (coord_t) scale_(10.0);
+    // Live LayerRegion holding one surface (a 10mm square at the origin).
+    TestLayerRegion region;
+    Slic3r::ExPolygon sq;
+    sq.contour.points = { Slic3r::Point(0, 0), Slic3r::Point(s, 0),
+                          Slic3r::Point(s, s), Slic3r::Point(0, s) };
+    region.slices.surfaces.emplace_back(Slic3r::Surface(Slic3r::stInternal, sq));
+    py::object lr = py::cast(static_cast<Slic3r::LayerRegion*>(&region),
+                             py::return_value_policy::reference);
+
+    // Twistify's path: get the Surface through the live collection, mutate its expolygon in place.
+    py::object surf = lr.attr("slices").attr("surfaces").cast<py::list>()[0];
+    surf.attr("expolygon").attr("translate")(py::float_(1000.0), py::float_(0.0));
+
+    // The C++-side surface geometry reflects the Python in-place edit (proves the live ref).
+    const Slic3r::Surface& out = region.slices.surfaces.front();
+    CHECK(out.expolygon.contour.points[0].x() == 1000);   // was 0
+    CHECK(out.expolygon.contour.points[0].y() == 0);
+    CHECK_THAT(out.expolygon.area(), WithinRel((double) s * (double) s, 1e-9));  // translate preserves area
+}